@article {pmid40599636,
year = {2025},
author = {Usluca, S and Bakir, A and Arikok, AT and Korkut, G and Yagiz, GC and Alper, M},
title = {Detection of Toxoplasma gondii and High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses in FFPE Malignant and Benign Breast Lesions Using Real-Time PCR.},
journal = {Infection and drug resistance},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {3149-3155},
pmid = {40599636},
issn = {1178-6973},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women. In recent years, it has been suggested that various pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and human papillomavirus (HPV) may play a potential role in the development of breast cancer. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. gondii and HPV infections in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of breast cancer patients using real-time PCR.

METHODS: The study included 136 paraffin-embedded biopsy samples with w confirmed malignant breast tumor diagnosis and 50 breast tissue samples diagnosed as benign breast lesions, serving as controls. The presence of T. gondii DNA and high-, medium-, and low-risk HPV genotype DNAs were investigated using the real-time PCR method. First, deparaffinization was performed using xylene and alcohol, followed by DNA extraction and real-time PCR amplification.

RESULTS: The most common histopathological types of malignant breast carcinoma were invasive carcinoma (n=82; 60.3%), invasive lobular carcinoma (n=26; 19.1%), invasive ductal carcinoma (n=8; 5.9%), and mixed invasive carcinoma (n=8; 5.9%). According to the Modified Bloom-Richardson classification, 55.15% of malignant breast tumor samples were grade 2, 32.4% were grade 3, and 12.5% were grade 1. Real-time PCR analysis did not detect T. gondii DNA or HPV DNA in any of these samples.

CONCLUSION: Our findings do not support a role of T. gondii and HPV in breast cancer development. To better understand the possible relationship between breast cancer and these pathogens, further studies with larger sample sizes, diverse diagnostic methods, and broder geographical coverage are necessary.},
}

@article {pmid40598506,
year = {2025},
author = {Raouf, M and Kamal, S and Elsayed, R and Zaki, I and Kholeif, D},
title = {Detection of bovine leukemia virus, Epstein-Barr virus and human papillomavirus in breast cancer tissues of Egyptian patients.},
journal = {Infectious agents and cancer},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {43},
pmid = {40598506},
issn = {1750-9378},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Many viruses have been linked to BC; namely, Human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Bovine leukemia virus (BLV). However, a causal role is yet to be established.

OBJECTIVES: To detect the prevalence of BLV, EBV and HPV sequences in BC tissue compared to BC-free tissue and correlate their presence with different pathological features of BC.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 75 FFPE (formalin fixed paraffin embedded) blocks of BC tissues and 25 of BC-free tissues obtained from Alexandria Main University Hospital pathology department archive. Demographic, medical, pathological data were retrieved from patients' archival records. Hormonal receptor status, Real-time PCR for viral detection and HPV genotyping were done. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. The Chi-square test, Fisher's Exact correction and Monte Carlo simulation were used for quantitative variables.

RESULTS: Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most predominant histologic type (85.3%). BLV, EBV and HPV were detected in (22.7% vs. 16%, 14.7% vs. 8%, 6.7% vs. 0%) BC vs. non-BC tissues respectively with HR HPV 16 detection. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and stage III were more commonly seen among tissues with positive viral detection vs. those which were negative (64.3% vs. 53% and 39% vs. 17% respectively). However, no single viral detection was found to be statistically significant in relation to clinicopathological parameters. Multiple viral co-existence was found in 18% of PCR positive cases which was significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.026).

CONCLUSION: Low rate of viral presence was found in BC tissues. Nevertheless, LVI and stage III were more commonly seen in tissues with positive viral detection. Moreover, a synergetic relation between multiple viral existence and BC development in young age could be possible yet to be verified.},
}

@article {pmid40598288,
year = {2025},
author = {Idc, G and Gy, W and Klmd, S},
title = {Knowledge and attitudes on cancer pain management among nurses at National Cancer Institute Sri Lanka.},
journal = {BMC nursing},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {690},
pmid = {40598288},
issn = {1472-6955},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Effective pain management is crucial in oncology nursing, yet gaps in knowledge and attitudes may affect the quality of care.

OBJECTIVE: To describe knowledge and attitudes on cancer pain management among nurses at NCI Sri Lanka.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the NCI in Sri Lanka among 340 nurses selected using stratified random sampling. Knowledge and attitudes on cancer pain management was assessed using self-administered 41-item Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP) questionnaire. Scoring was carried out as per the recommended guidelines and knowledge and attitudes were categorized into three groups as good, moderate, poor using > 75%, 75%- 50% and < 50% as cut-offs. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and independent sample t-test followed by one way ANOVA was used to identify associated factors. P-value of < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Ethical approval was obtained by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka (REC/NSG 06).

RESULTS: The response rate was 80.56%. The majority of participants were females (n = 285, 83.8%), < 35 years (n = 252, 74.1%). Majority (n = 266, 66.5%) had a poor level of knowledge and attitudes on cancer pain management, 31.2% (n = 106) had a moderate level, and only 2.4% (n = 8) had a good level. The mean knowledge and attitude score was 19.2 (4.35). Nurses with a BSc degree or higher (p = .011) and nurses working in wards (p = .003) exhibited a significantly higher knowledge and attitudes score. Significant differences were also found across educational levels (p = .038), with BSc nurses outperforming Diploma holders. However, age, gender, total working experience, experience at NCI, and previous training on pain management did not show any significant associations. Multinomial logistic regression showed educational level and current working station as significant predictors.

CONCLUSION: Significant gaps in knowledge and attitudes towards cancer pain management existed among nurses at the NCI in Sri Lanka. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions to improve the knowledge and attitudes of nurses in managing cancer pain to enhance the quality of oncology care.},
}

@article {pmid40597443,
year = {2025},
author = {Bullock, E and Rozyczko, A and Shabbir, S and Tsoupi, I and Young, AIJ and Travnickova, J and Gómez-Cuadrado, L and Mabruk, Z and Carrasco, G and Morrow, E and Pennel, K and Kloosterman, P and Houthuijzen, JM and Jonkers, J and Avalle, L and Poli, V and Iggo, R and Xiao, X and Guo, J and Zhu, X and Mallon, E and Edwards, J and Patton, EE and Brunton, VG},
title = {Cancer-associated fibroblast driven paracrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling promotes migration and dissemination in invasive lobular carcinoma.},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {121},
pmid = {40597443},
issn = {1465-542X},
support = {Pakistan-Programme 2020-2024//Punjab Educational Endowment Funds/ ; NO. 2022YFS0601//Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Program/ ; MC_UU_00035/13/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; 68730/MRA/Melanoma Research Alliance/United States ; C157/A24837/CRUK_/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom ; S3181//NHS Lothian Charity/ ; },
mesh = {*STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism/genetics ; *Interleukin-6/metabolism/genetics ; Humans ; Animals ; Female ; Mice ; Cell Movement ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology ; Zebrafish ; Signal Transduction ; Paracrine Communication ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histological subtype of breast cancer after invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (NST), accounting for 10-15% of diagnoses. Despite the myriad molecular, histological and clinical differences between ILC and NST tumors, patients are treated in the same way, and although prognosis initially is good, ILC patients have poorer long-term outcomes. Understanding the differences between these two subtypes and identifying ILC-enriched therapeutic targets is necessary to improve patient care.

METHODS: Human and mouse cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), ILC cell lines and patient-derived organoids were used for in vitro and in vivo studies, including western blotting, migration, organotypic invasion assays and dissemination in zebrafish embryos. RNASeq was used to identify CAF and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-derived gene signatures. Bioinformatic analysis of public databases and immunohistochemical of human tumor microarrays was carried out.

RESULTS: We identified IL-6 as a paracrine CAF-derived factor that activates Signal-Transducer-and-Activator-of-Transcription-3 (STAT3) in human and mouse ILC models. Analysis of human breast tumors showed that the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway is enriched in ER + ILC compared to ER + NST. A 42-gene CAF dependent IL-6 gene signature and 64-gene consensus IL-6 gene signature were generated and were significantly enriched in ER + ILC, with many of the genes overexpressed in ILC tumors. IL-6 treatment suppressed downstream estrogen signaling and also led to the acquisition of a more mesenchymal-like phenotype associated with increased migration and invasion. Finally, IL-6 treatment significantly increased ILC cell dissemination following injection into zebrafish embryos.

CONCLUSIONS: CAF-derived IL-6 drives paracrine activation of the IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway which is enriched in ILC. This leads to the acquisition of pro-tumorigenic phenotypes, highlighting the pathway as a potential therapeutic target in ILC.},
}

*STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism/genetics
*Interleukin-6/metabolism/genetics
Humans
Animals
Female
Mice
Cell Movement
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology
Zebrafish
Signal Transduction
Paracrine Communication
Cell Line, Tumor
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

@article {pmid40596034,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Q and Xi, L and Huang, M and Zhang, H and Zhou, F},
title = {Nomogram for the prediction of the prognosis of patients with triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma of breast after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {21666},
pmid = {40596034},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Nomograms ; Female ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/mortality ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Prognosis ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology/mortality ; Aged ; ROC Curve ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; SEER Program ; },
abstract = {Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis because of limited treatment options at present. Therefore, this study aimed to use nomograms to forecast the prognosis of patients with triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (TN-IDC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). 3573 TNBC patients from the SEER database who received NCT between 2010 and 2015 were selected and randomized in 7:3 into the training or the testing group. Then, nomograms for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of the two groups were created via univariate and multivariate analyses. Consistency index (C-index), calibration curve, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the model. As demonstrated by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, 8 indicators (AJCC_M, AJCC_N, AJCC_T, positive lymph nodes [LNs] and the number of positive LNs, liver metastases, response to NCT, and radical surgery) were incorporated in the nomogram. The results indicated that the C-index of the OS prediction model was 0.776 for the training group and 0.779 for the testing group. In the training group, the AUC for forecasting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS was 0.840, 0.822, and 0.817, respectively; in the testing group, the AUC was 0.889, 0.821, and 0.813, respectively. The C-index of the CSS prediction model was 0.790 for the training group and 0.789 for the testing group. In the training group, the AUC for forecasting 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS was 0.853, 0.829, and 0.827, respectively; in the testing group, the AUC was 0.887, 0.800, and 0.820, respectively. Both C-index and AUC of OS and CSS prediction models were above or close to 0.8, indicating good predictability of the model. DCA consistently indicated that using the nomogram for OS and CSS prediction yielded favorable net clinical benefit, and the nomogram outperformed the AJCC TNM staging system in decision-making. T2-4 (maximum tumor diameter > 2 cm or invasion of the chest wall/skin), N3, M1, liver metastasis, incomplete remission after chemotherapy, and breast-conserving surgery were prognostic risk factors in TN-IDC patients receiving NCT. Higher T stage (T3-4, maximum tumor diameter > 5 cm or invasion of the chest wall/skin), N stage (N3), liver metastasis, non-remission (NR) after NCT, and positive LNs after chemotherapy were linked to worse OS and CSS. After NCT, the number of positive LNs ≥ 4 and NR for lesion exhibited the greatest impact on OS and CSS.},
}

Humans
*Nomograms
Female
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/mortality
Middle Aged
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Prognosis
Adult
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology/mortality
Aged
ROC Curve
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
SEER Program

@article {pmid40595592,
year = {2025},
author = {Mello, RM and Gomez Ceballos, D and Sandate, CR and Wang, S and Jouffe, C and Agudelo, D and Uhlenhaut, NH and Thomä, NH and Simon, MC and Lamia, KA},
title = {BMAL1 and ARNT enable circadian HIF2α responses in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {5834},
pmid = {40595592},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {CA211187//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; CA271500//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; UL1TR002550//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)/ ; DK136780//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases)/ ; 450149205//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; 450149205//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {*ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics ; *Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; Humans ; *Kidney Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; *Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Mice ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Female ; },
abstract = {Circadian disruption enhances cancer risk, and many tumors exhibit disordered circadian gene expression. We show rhythmic gene expression is unexpectedly robust in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The core circadian transcription factor BMAL1 is closely related to ARNT, and we show that BMAL1-HIF2α regulates a subset of HIF2α target genes in ccRCC cells. Depletion of BMAL1 selectively reduces HIF2α chromatin association and target gene expression and reduces ccRCC growth in culture and in xenografts. Analysis of pre-existing data reveals higher BMAL1 in patient-derived xenografts that are sensitive to growth suppression by a HIF2α antagonist (PT2399). BMAL1-HIF2α is more sensitive than ARNT-HIF2α is to suppression by PT2399, and the effectiveness of PT2399 for suppressing xenograft tumor growth in vivo depends on the time of day at which it is delivered. Together, these findings indicate that an alternate HIF2α heterodimer containing the circadian partner BMAL1 influences HIF2α activity, growth, and sensitivity to HIF2α antagonist drugs in ccRCC cells.},
}

*ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics
*Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics/antagonists & inhibitors
*Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
Humans
*Kidney Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
*Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/metabolism/genetics
Animals
Cell Line, Tumor
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Circadian Rhythm/genetics
Mice
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Cell Proliferation/drug effects
Female

@article {pmid40593019,
year = {2025},
author = {Saha, D and Dutta, S},
title = {Introducing electric spring in the voltage frequency regulation of a multi area multi source integrated power system network.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {22373},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-05576-y},
pmid = {40593019},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The present work demonstrates the application of an electric spring in a multi-source interconnected power system in which coordinated control of frequency and voltage loop is investigated. A two-area power system is considered with non-linearity for the thermal power system, such as generation rate constraint and governor dead band, so that the developed model is realistic. A novel cascade controller, namely a two-degree-of-freedom proportional-integral-derivative controller cascaded with a proportional-integral-derivative controller (2DOFPID-PID), is utilized for the first time for reducing the area control error to zero in both the control areas. A powerful algorithm known as the Golden Jackal Algorithm (GJA) is considered for tuning the controller parameters and achieving the minimum performance index. System dynamic responses are observed for the coordinated automatic load frequency control and automatic voltage regulator during step load perturbations and random load perturbations. Selection of the best performance index (PI) among integral of squared error (ISE), integral of time multiplied by absolute error (ITAE), integral of time multiplied by squared error (ITSE), and Integral of absolute error (IAE) proves that ITAE serves the best among others. To model an AC/DC bus, system responses are also investigated with a parallel AC/DC link that depicts satisfactory results in terms of overshoot, undershoot, and settling time. Modelling of the electric spring in the proposed system is integrated to check the terminal voltage deviation and frequency deviation, and mitigate them. Results show reduced generator terminal deviation in both the control areas. Comparison of different powerful algorithms with the proposed one infers the superiority of the proposed golden jackal algorithm with reference to the performance index vs. number of iterations.},
}

@article {pmid40592998,
year = {2025},
author = {Almohanna, H and Almsned, F and Alharbi, H and Al Dossary, N and Alrasheed, A and Alzayer, R and Alwosaibai, K},
title = {A comprehensive epidemiological analysis of breast cancer in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {20816},
pmid = {40592998},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Incidence ; Aged ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is a leading health concern in Saudi Arabia, characterized by unique demographic and clinical profiles. This study analyzed breast cancer cases at King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam (KFSH-D), focusing on age at diagnosis, disease stage, histological type, and hormonal receptor status. A retrospective cohort study included 5,954 breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2022 from the KFSH-D database. Data were extracted via a Real-World Evidence Digital Platform adhering to international standards. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, t-tests, incidence and mortality rate calculations, survival analysis, and predictive modeling for future incidence trends. The cohort had a mean age at diagnosis of 49 years (SD = 12.0), with most patients aged 40-59 years. Over 99% were female and predominantly Saudi nationals. Approximately two-thirds presented with locally advanced disease, with invasive ductal carcinoma being the most common type (81%). Al Ahsa region accounted for 31% of referral cases. Hormonal receptor status showed 59% HER2-negative, 61% ER-positive, and 56% PR-positive. Predictive modeling forecasted an 80% increase in new cases by 2028, with incidence rates expected to double. This study highlights a younger median age at diagnosis and a high prevalence of late-stage disease. These findings underscore the urgent need for improved screening programs, targeted public health interventions, and better healthcare access in Saudi Arabia.},
}

Humans
Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology
Adult
Retrospective Studies
Incidence
Aged
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism

@article {pmid40591177,
year = {2025},
author = {Muroyama, Y and Miyashita, M and Miura, T and Sato, S and Watanabe, M and Suzuki, T},
title = {Malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast with osteosarcoma component: a diagnostic dilemma - a case report.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1191},
pmid = {40591177},
issn = {2730-6011},
abstract = {Osteosarcoma component in the breast is rare and can present as a rapidly growing mass with calcification in imaging studies. Differential diagnosis includes metaplastic carcinoma, malignant phyllodes tumor with osteosarcoma component, and exceptionally rare osteosarcoma. Distinguishing these tumors is critical for determining therapeutic strategies, especially in differentiating metaplastic carcinoma, as only the former is indicated for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Diagnosis can be challenging, however, particularly when the dominant stromal and/or sarcomatous components mask the epithelial component. Here, we present a rare case of breast tumor with osteosarcoma component determined as malignant phyllodes tumor after extensive pathological examination. A 55-year-old woman presented with a left breast mass rapidly growing over the past 3 months. FDG-PET/CT revealed a calcified tumor in the left breast, nearly exposed to the skin, as well as an incidentally found small right breast tumor. Bilateral total mastectomy with sentinel and left axillary lymph node dissection was performed. Microscopic examination of the left breast tumor revealed osteosarcoma components with the atypical cells producing osteoid/neoplastic bone, chondrosarcoma-like components, and massive overgrowth of atypical spindle cells. Extensive pathological examination revealed a small amount of compressed mammary glands without atypia. Collectively, the diagnosis of malignant phyllodes tumor with osteosarcoma component, was made. The patient was discharged without major postsurgical complications and initiated on anastrozole for the concurrently identified hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative right breast invasive ductal carcinoma. Breast tumor with osteosarcoma component warrants not only diligent pathological examination to determine the indication for chemoradiotherapy, but also multidisciplinary collaboration to develop effective therapeutic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40589310,
year = {2025},
author = {Shan, M and Chen, L and Wang, J and Wen, L},
title = {Dual-Channel Off-Axis Ion Funnel With a Deflection Electrode.},
journal = {Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM},
volume = {39},
number = {20},
pages = {e10103},
doi = {10.1002/rcm.10103},
pmid = {40589310},
issn = {1097-0231},
support = {2023ZY01073//Ministry of Industry and Information Technology/ ; 2022S012//Public welfare project in Ningbo/ ; 2024S002//Public welfare project in Ningbo/ ; 2021Z055//Major projects in Ningbo/ ; //K.C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University/ ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: In electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) systems, two critical challenges persist: (1) under-expanded supersonic jets at the atmospheric pressure interface (API) cause ion losses and reduced transmission efficiency; (2) residual solvents and charged droplets entering vacuum stages lead to contamination and elevated chemical noise, degrading analysis accuracy.

METHODS: A dual-channel off-axis ion funnel with a deflection electrode (DC-OFIDE) was developed to address these challenges. This device integrates three core components: an ion drift channel (IDC), an ion funnel channel (IFC), and a deflection electrode. The IDC and IFC are separated by conjoined gaps. Ions within the gas stream emanating from the API are extracted from the IDC via a deflection field, while a retarding axial field prolongs ions' residence time, ensuring efficient transfer to the IFC. This DC-OFIDE features an enlarged entrance aperture (Φ18 mm) to accommodate a multi-capillary interface, enhancing compatibility with high-conductance sample introduction systems.

RESULTS: Compared with the original conventional ion funnel (CIF), the DC-OFIDE achieved a threefold enhancement in caffeine ion intensity and a broader m/z transmission window. It demonstrated robust neutral and droplet suppression, maintaining 80% ion intensity even under tripled serum volume infused. In drug screening of hair samples, baseline noises in drug ion peaks were reduced by 36%-82%, with a quadrupled signal-to-noise ratio improvement observed for 6-monoacetylmorphine.

CONCLUSIONS: This DC-OFIDE significantly enhances ion transmission efficiency and chemical noise suppression in ESI-MS, establishing its potential for high-fidelity analysis of complex samples.},
}

@article {pmid40585989,
year = {2025},
author = {Song, W and Wang, J and Gong, S and Wang, X and Xu, J and Wu, R and Jiang, Z and Zhang, H and Wu, L and Wang, Y and Su, Y and Wang, H and Gu, Y},
title = {FAK signaling suppression by OCT4-ITGA6 mediates the effectively removal of residual pluripotent stem cells and enhances application safety.},
journal = {Theranostics},
volume = {15},
number = {14},
pages = {7127-7153},
pmid = {40585989},
issn = {1838-7640},
mesh = {Animals ; *Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism/genetics ; Mice ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology ; Signal Transduction ; Humans ; Cell Differentiation ; Coculture Techniques ; Teratoma/pathology ; *Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Rationale: Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) serve as a critical source of seed cells for regenerative therapies due to their unlimited proliferative capacity and ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. Despite their potential, the risk of teratoma formation caused by residual PSCs within differentiated cell populations poses a significant barrier to clinical applications. This study aims to develop a novel strategy to selectively remove residual PSCs while preserving the safety and functionality of PSC-derived differentiated cells (iDCs). Methods: The calcium- and magnesium-free balanced salt solution (BSS(Ca-Mg-)) was employed to selectively target PSCs in a co-culture system comprising PSCs and four types of iDCs. The effect of BSS(Ca-Mg-) treatment on teratoma formation was evaluated in immunodeficient mice following cell transplantation. Comparative analysis and gene knockdown experiments were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential response of PSCs and iDCs to BSS(Ca-Mg-), focusing on FAK signaling and its interaction with OCT4 and ITGA6. Results: The BSS(Ca-Mg-) treatment effectively induced the detachment of PSCs in the co-culture system without disrupting iDC adhesion. In vivo experiments confirmed that cells treated with BSS(Ca-Mg-) did not form teratomas upon implantation into immunodeficient mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that PSCs exhibit lower activation of FAK signaling compared to iDCs, contributing to their selective detachment. Additionally, OCT4 and ITGA6 were found to maintain each other's protein expression, forming a feedback loop that suppressed FAK signaling, while FAK suppression further enhanced OCT4 expression. Conclusions: The study presents a safe, effective, and cost-efficient method for the selective removal of residual PSCs. This approach enhances existing safety measures for iDC applications, improving the clinical feasibility of iDC-based cell therapies.},
}

Animals
*Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism/genetics
Mice
*Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology
Signal Transduction
Humans
Cell Differentiation
Coculture Techniques
Teratoma/pathology
*Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism

@article {pmid40581674,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, G and Yang, N and Qu, Y and Chen, G and Wen, G and Li, G and Deng, L and Mai, Y},
title = {Developing ultrasound-based machine learning models for accurate differentiation between sclerosing adenosis and invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {European radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40581674},
issn = {1432-1084},
support = {2023QN37//The 19th Batch of Jilin Province Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Funding Project, China/ ; 2024B011//Health Technology Capability Enhancement Project of Jilin Province/ ; LH2021H109//Joint Guidance Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop a machine learning model using breast ultrasound images to improve the non-invasive differential diagnosis between Sclerosing Adenosis (SA) and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: 2046 ultrasound images from 772 SA and IDC patients were collected, Regions of Interest (ROI) were delineated, and features were extracted. The dataset was split into training and test cohorts, and feature selection was performed by correlation coefficients and Recursive Feature Elimination. 10 classifiers with Grid Search and 5-fold cross-validation were applied during model training. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and Youden index were used to model evaluation. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was employed for model interpretation. Another 224 ROIs of 84 patients from other hospitals were used for external validation.

RESULTS: For the ROI-level model, XGBoost with 18 features achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9758 (0.9654-0.9847) in the test cohort and 0.9906 (0.9805-0.9973) in the validation cohort. For the patient-level model, logistic regression with 9 features achieved an AUC of 0.9653 (0.9402-0.9859) in the test cohort and 0.9846 (0.9615-0.9978) in the validation cohort. The feature "Original shape Major Axis Length" was identified as the most important, with its value positively correlated with a higher likelihood of the sample being IDC. Feature contributions for specific ROIs were visualized as well.

CONCLUSION: We developed explainable, ultrasound-based machine learning models with high performance for differentiating SA and IDC, offering a potential non-invasive tool for improved differential diagnosis.

KEY POINTS: Question Accurately distinguishing between sclerosing adenosis (SA) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in a non-invasive manner has been a diagnostic challenge. Findings Explainable, ultrasound-based machine learning models with high performance were developed for differentiating SA and IDC, and validated well in external validation cohort. Critical relevance These models provide non-invasive tools to reduce misdiagnoses of SA and improve early detection for IDC.},
}

@article {pmid40578985,
year = {2025},
author = {Woo, HY and Jung, YY and Kim, HS},
title = {Metastatic Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma Involving Tamoxifen-related Endometrial Polyp in a Patient With Metachronous Bilateral Breast Carcinomas: A Case Report.},
journal = {In vivo (Athens, Greece)},
volume = {39},
number = {4},
pages = {2456-2463},
doi = {10.21873/invivo.14046},
pmid = {40578985},
issn = {1791-7549},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Tamoxifen/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Adult ; *Polyps/pathology/diagnosis/chemically induced ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; *Endometrial Neoplasms/secondary/diagnosis/pathology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects ; *Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: Metastasis of extragenital malignancies to the female genital tract, particularly the uterus, is exceedingly rare. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most common histological type of breast carcinoma that metastasizes to gynecologic organs.

CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old woman receiving tamoxifen presented with an irregularly thickened endometrium on transvaginal ultrasonography. She had previously undergone bilateral partial mastectomies - eight years prior for right-sided invasive ductal carcinoma, and three years prior for left-sided ILC. Hysteroscopic evaluation revealed an endometrial polyp. Microscopic examination of the polypectomy specimen showed variably sized, irregularly shaped branching glands embedded in densely fibrotic stroma. Within the stroma, monomorphic tumor cells with hyperchromatic, eccentrically located nuclei were arranged in single files, thin cords, or nests. Immunostaining revealed that the tumor cells were positive for GATA-binding protein 3 and negative for paired box 8, supporting a diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma from the breast. The final pathological diagnosis was metastatic ILC involving a tamoxifen-associated endometrial polyp.

CONCLUSION: Although rare, breast carcinoma may metastasize to endometrial polyps. Clinicians and pathologists should consider this possibility when evaluating abnormal ultrasonographic findings in the female genital tract, particularly in patients with a history of breast carcinoma receiving tamoxifen therapy. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings in the uterus of such patients warrant a comprehensive diagnostic workup to exclude metastatic disease.},
}

Humans
Female
*Tamoxifen/adverse effects/therapeutic use
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis
Adult
*Polyps/pathology/diagnosis/chemically induced
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis
*Endometrial Neoplasms/secondary/diagnosis/pathology
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects
*Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology

@article {pmid40574925,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, YT and Hong, ZJ and Liao, GS and Dai, MS and Chao, TK and Tsai, WC and Sung, YK and Chiu, CH and Chang, CK and Yu, JC},
title = {Unexpected contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis without ipsilateral involvement in triple-negative breast cancer: A case report and review of literature.},
journal = {World journal of clinical cases},
volume = {13},
number = {18},
pages = {103571},
pmid = {40574925},
issn = {2307-8960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) being the most prevalent subtype. Lymph node metastasis is the primary prognostic indicator, typically evaluated via biopsy of the ipsilateral sentinel or axillary lymph nodes. Contralateral axillary metastasis (CAM) without ipsilateral involvement is exceedingly rare, particularly in early-stage breast cancer. This report presents a case of CAM in a patient with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), underscoring diagnostic and therapeutic complexities.

CASE SUMMARY: A 73-year-old female presented with left-sided early-stage IDC in February 2023. Despite a modified radical mastectomy and pathologically negative ipsilateral lymph nodes, a postoperative positron emission tomography (PET) scan detected fluorodeoxyglucose-avid nodes in the contralateral axilla. Biopsy confirmed metastatic ductal carcinoma with triple-negative status, resulting in an upstaged diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer, stage IV, M1. The patient underwent six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy, with follow-up PET imaging showing regression of the contralateral lesion. This case highlights the importance of advanced imaging in TNBC for precise staging and treatment optimization.

CONCLUSION: This case highlights the aggressive nature of TNBC and the need for advanced imaging to ensure accurate staging and effective management.},
}

@article {pmid40574914,
year = {2025},
author = {Wei, L and Tian, Z and Wang, ZY and Liu, WJ and Li, HB and Zhang, Y},
title = {Concurrent invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ arising inside and outside a breast hamartoma: A case report.},
journal = {World journal of clinical cases},
volume = {13},
number = {18},
pages = {101882},
pmid = {40574914},
issn = {2307-8960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast hamartomas are rare benign breast tumors, with an incidence rate of 0.8%-4.8%. Further, the coexistence of hamartomas and carcinoma is also uncommon. Our case report presents a unique instance where invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and ductal carcinoma in situ were found both inside and outside a breast hamartoma. This is the second case reported in the literature.

CASE SUMMARY: A 51-year-old woman presented with a 6.0 cm breast tumor on mammography and ultrasound, with suspicious areas indicative of malignant transformation. Biopsy of the suspicious area confirmed IDC with intraductal carcinoma. Breast magnetic resonance imaging showed typical hamartoma changes with irregular areas of abnormal enhancement both inside and outside. A breast-conserving surgery was performed, and postoperative pathology confirmed mammary hamartoma, concurrent with IDC and intraductal carcinoma occurring both inside and outside the hamartoma. Subsequently, appropriate adjuvant therapy was initiated. Currently, the patient is in good condition. Breast cancer may be located both inside and outside the ipsilateral mammary hamartoma, which is difficult to detect preoperatively, especially when there is a focus of intraductal carcinoma, requiring accurate assessment of the tumor extent by modern imaging techniques. Early detection of the coexistence of cancer is clinically important as it can alter patient management.

CONCLUSION: This case emphasizes the importance of modern imaging techniques in accurately evaluating mammary hamartomas associated with malignancies prior to surgery.},
}

@article {pmid40574868,
year = {2024},
author = {Cobb, AN and Czaja, R and Jorns, J and Cortina, CS},
title = {Breast Cancer Subtypes: Clinicopathologic Features and Treatment Considerations.},
journal = {Current breast cancer reports},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {150-160},
pmid = {40574868},
issn = {1943-4588},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of ten unique breast cancer subtypes and their clinicopathologic features and treatment implications.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings show that while many subtypes (mucinous, papillary, tubular, apocrine) have favorable biology, with better overall survival than invasive ductal carcinoma, some (metaplastic, adenoid cystic) are more aggressive portending worse prognosis for patients.

SUMMARY: The differences in histology represented in these breast cancer subtypes often impacts biology, behavior, and prognosis. Due to their rarity, additional research is needed to implement clear treatment protocols for each subtype.},
}

@article {pmid40566345,
year = {2025},
author = {Chang, SP and Braun, KL and Yanagihara, R and De Heer, H and Wu, YY and Chen, Z and Cox, MB and Gorniak, SL and Haddad, G and Hohmann, CF and Lee, ES and Stiles, JK and Teufel-Shone, NI and Nerurkar, VR},
title = {Science Speed Dating to Spur Inter-Institutional Collaborative Research.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40566345},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {U54MD007582, U54MD007586, U54MD007592, U54MD007597, U54MD007601, U54MD007602, U54MD012388, U54MD013376, U54MD015946/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Cooperative Behavior ; *Biomedical Research ; *Interinstitutional Relations ; United States ; Research Personnel ; },
abstract = {A principal strategic goal of the RCMI Coordinating Center (RCMI-CC) is to improve the health of minority populations and to reduce ethnic and geographic disparities in health by coordinating the development and facilitating the implementation of clinical research across the RCMI Consortium. To more effectively spur inter-institutional collaborative research, the RCMI-CC supports a Clinical Research Pilot Projects Program for hypothesis-driven clinical research projects proposed by postdoctoral fellows, early-career faculty and/or early-stage investigators from two or more RCMI U54 Centers. The purpose of this brief report is to summarize the Science Speed Dating sessions to facilitate cross-site collaboration at the RCMI Investigator Development Core (IDC) Workshop, held in conjunction with the 2024 RCMI Consortium National Conference. RCMI investigators and IDC Directors from 20 RCMI U54 Centers participated in two rounds of highly interactive small-group presentations of research ideas and resource needs in search of new collaborative and mentoring partnerships. Workshop participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with the speed-networking format and strongly agreed that the workshop was beneficial to their professional-development goals.},
}

Humans
*Cooperative Behavior
*Biomedical Research
*Interinstitutional Relations
United States
Research Personnel

@article {pmid40564583,
year = {2025},
author = {Galily, Y and Tenenbaum, G},
title = {Emotional and Cognitive Perspectives in Physical Activity and Sport: An Introduction.},
journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bs15060801},
pmid = {40564583},
issn = {2076-328X},
abstract = {In the rapidly evolving world of physical activity and sport science, researchers and practitioners alike are increasingly recognizing that the path to optimal performance and well-being is paved not just with physical conditioning and technical skill but also with emotional regulation and cognitive acuity (Lepers et al [...].},
}

@article {pmid40563575,
year = {2025},
author = {Prajzendanc, K},
title = {DCIS Progression and the Tumor Microenvironment: Molecular Insights and Prognostic Challenges.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers17121925},
pmid = {40563575},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common form of non-invasive breast cancer and a recognized precursor to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Although DCIS itself is confined to the milk duct and not immediately life-threatening, its potential for progression to invasive disease necessitates careful clinical management. The increased detection of DCIS due to advancements in imaging and widespread screening programs has raised critical questions regarding its classification, prognosis, and optimal treatment strategies. While most cases exhibit indolent behavior, others harbor molecular characteristics that drive malignant transformation. A key challenge lies in distinguishing low-risk DCIS, which may never progress, from aggressive cases requiring intervention. Tumor microenvironment dynamics, immune cell infiltration, and molecular alterations, including hormone receptor (HR) status, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and genetic mutations, play crucial roles in determining disease trajectory. This review explores the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying DCIS progression, with an emphasis on myoepithelial cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and microenvironmental factors. By integrating recent findings, this article aims to refine risk stratification approaches and guide future strategies for personalized DCIS management. Improved prognostic biomarkers and targeted therapeutic interventions could help optimize treatment decisions, balancing the need for effective cancer prevention while minimizing overtreatment in low-risk patients.},
}

@article {pmid40563551,
year = {2025},
author = {Bahmad, HF and Wegner, C and Nuraj, J and Avellan, R and Gonzalez, J and Mendez, T and Jabbour, D and Gomez-Fernandez, C},
title = {Perineural Invasion in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers17121900},
pmid = {40563551},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Perineural invasion (PNI) is a well-recognized histopathologic feature in multiple malignancies; however, its significance in breast cancer remains relatively underexplored. This review provides a synopsis of the current knowledge on PNI in breast cancer, discussing its histopathologic features, molecular mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and clinical relevance. PNI is most frequently observed in high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), particularly in triple-negative and HER2-positive subtypes. It is also seen in special histological subtypes such as mixed, metaplastic, and invasive micropapillary carcinomas. Mechanistically, PNI involves tumor-neural interactions, including neurotrophic factor signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, contributing to tumor progression and potential locoregional recurrence (LRR). While PNI is linked to adverse prognosis in other tumors, its independent role remains unclear in breast cancer due to limited large-scale studies. Therefore, further investigation into its prognostic significance and potential therapeutic implications is needed. Future research should focus on refining diagnostic criteria and assessing targeted therapies to mitigate PNI-associated progression. This review summarizes the current knowledge on perineural invasion (PNI) in breast cancer, addressing its histological features, molecular mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and clinical implications.},
}

@article {pmid40561128,
year = {2025},
author = {Deng, M and March, DS and Churchwood, DR and Young, HML and Highton, PJ and Denniff, MJ and Graham-Brown, MPM and Burton, JO and Baker, LA},
title = {Exploring a role for Chemerin in the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal benefits of intradialytic exercise in the hemodialysis population.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0321497},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0321497},
pmid = {40561128},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Chemokines/blood ; *Renal Dialysis ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/prevention & control ; Aged ; *Exercise/physiology ; Adult ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for people receiving hemodialysis. Intradialytic cycling (IDC) has been shown to improve cardiovascular health in the hemodialysis population, but specific mechanisms require elucidation. Chemerin is an adipokine which contributes to the inflammatory process and may be associated with the cardiovascular benefits of IDC and physical function in hemodialysis population.

METHODS: Adults undertaking ≥3 months hemodialysis were randomized to either IDC (30 min each time, moderate intensity, thrice weekly) and usual care; or usual care only (control group). 88 blood samples were retrospectively analyzed for chemerin concentrations using ELISA. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression was used to understand how changes in chemerin are associated with changes in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health in response to IDC.

RESULTS: There was a significant increase of plasma chemerin concentration after 6 months in both groups. A positive association was detected between chemerin and short physical performance battery at baseline (β = 0.264, p = 0.017). There was no correlation of chemerin with cardiovascular, body composition, and other physical function markers.

CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to show plasma level of chemerin increases with time on hemodialysis. No evidence was found to support a role for chemerin in modifying cardiac structure and function in people undertaking IDC. Further studies should investigate the associations between chemerin and physical performance.},
}

Humans
*Chemokines/blood
*Renal Dialysis
Male
Female
Middle Aged
*Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood
*Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/prevention & control
Aged
*Exercise/physiology
Adult
*Exercise Therapy/methods
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid40556807,
year = {2024},
author = {Bourassa-Blanchette, S and Biesheuvel, MM and Lam, JC and Kipp, A and Church, D and Carson, J and Dalton, B and Parkins, MD and Barkema, HW and Gregson, DB},
title = {Candidemia Treatment is Improved by Infectious Disease Consultation: A Population-Based Cohort Study.},
journal = {Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {129-139},
pmid = {40556807},
issn = {2371-0888},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Candidemia is a common bloodstream infection with morbidity and mortality. Both the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Infectious Diseases Society of America have evidence-based recommendations for its management. While infectious diseases consultation (IDC) reduced mortality, effects on guideline concordance remain unclear.

METHODS: We conducted a multicentre retrospective cohort study (2010-2018) in Canada to characterize the role of IDC in attaining evidence-based recommendations for adults with candidemia. Such recommendations include follow-up blood cultures to document blood clearance, prompt antifungal initiation and selection, source control, treatment duration determination, and ancillary investigations. We measured associations between IDC and adherence to evidence-based recommendations.

RESULTS: Patients with candidemia who received IDC were more likely not to be left without antifungal therapy (26% versus 4.8%). Echocardiograms were more common in noncritically ill patients with IDC (64% versus 44%; P < 0.01) and in all critically ill patients, irrespective of IDC status (75% versus 63%; P = 0.08). In patients with uncomplicated candidemia, treatment duration ≥14 days was similar with or without IDC (78% versus 70%; P = 0.15). Patients with complicated candidemia and IDC were more likely treated for ≥42 days (an appropriate duration; 100% versus 47%; P = 0.06). Fluconazole (transition therapy) was not affected by IDC for critically ill (41% and 29%; P = 0.34) or noncritically ill patients (34% versus 24%; P = 0.51). Mortality rates at 30 and 60 days after candidemia diagnosis were lower in patients receiving IDC (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Best practice guidelines were issued for patients with candidemia; adherence varied, but involvement of an infectious disease physician increased implementation and was associated with considerably decreased mortality.},
}

@article {pmid40554446,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Y and Chen, Y and Zhang, B and Liu, X},
title = {Bilateral Primary Breast Cancer: A Case of Synchronous Diagnosis and Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)},
volume = {86},
number = {6},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.12968/hmed.2024.1013},
pmid = {40554446},
issn = {1750-8460},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/pathology/diagnosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/pathology/diagnosis ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy/pathology/diagnosis ; *Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/therapy/pathology/diagnosis ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; },
abstract = {Aims/Background Bilateral breast cancer (BBC) is an uncommon subtype of breast cancer which occurs either synchronously or metachronously. Synchronous BBC with distinct histological types in the left and right breasts is particularly rare. Case Presentation This report presents a case of a 57-year-old female patient diagnosed with bilateral primary breast cancer, characterized by ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in one breast and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in the other. The patient initially sought medical attention due to a palpable mass and pain in her left breast, leading to a diagnosis confirmed through imaging studies and biopsy. The patient was treated with three cycles of neoadjuvant therapy, followed by a modified radical mastectomy on the left breast and a lumpectomy on the right breast. Postoperatively, the patient received endocrine therapy and radiotherapy, with no evidence of recurrence observed to date. Conclusion Further research and clinical advancements are necessary to optimize treatment and care strategies for patients with bilateral breast cancer, ensuring that their unique therapeutic needs are effectively addressed.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/pathology/diagnosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/pathology/diagnosis
Mastectomy, Segmental
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy/pathology/diagnosis
*Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/therapy/pathology/diagnosis
Mastectomy, Modified Radical
Neoadjuvant Therapy

@article {pmid40545966,
year = {2025},
author = {Iczkowski, KA and De Marzo, AM and Agarwal, N and Berman, DM and Cimadamore, A and Fine, SW and Greenland, N and Khani, F and Loda, M and Lotan, TL and Varma, M and Chinnaiyan, A and Giannarini, G and Huang, J and Montironi, R and Netto, GJ and Osunkoya, AO and Ratliff, T and Kristiansen, G and Cheng, L and van Leenders, GJLH and , },
title = {International Society of Urological Pathology Consensus on Cancer Precursor Lesions. Working Group 1: The Prostate.},
journal = {The American journal of surgical pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/PAS.0000000000002430},
pmid = {40545966},
issn = {1532-0979},
abstract = {Working Group 1 at ISUP's Cancer Precursors meeting (September 2024) evaluated 5 putative precursors of invasive prostate cancer: high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), intraductal carcinoma (IDC), atypical intraductal proliferation (AIP), atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH)/adenosis, and proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA). Objectives were to compile recent evidence, interrogate current practices, and vote on recommendations, with 67% approval defined as consensus. Consensus was reached against the reporting of the low-grade form of PIN. HGPIN need not be reported when concomitant cancer or atypical small acinar proliferation suspicious for cancer exists adjacent to it, for biopsy or prostatectomy specimens. Finally, while the clinical significance of unifocal HGPIN in biopsies remains uncertain, there is stronger evidence for multifocal isolated HGPIN as a predictor of subsequent cancer detection. By consensus, multifocal HGPIN should continue being reported. Slight refinement was achieved regarding IDC criteria. The consensus opinion was that a dense cribriform to solid proliferation need not demonstrate marked nuclear atypia/ pleomorphism to qualify as IDC. The inverse scenario of marked atypia without dense cribriform/solid proliferation fell just short (65%) of consensus for IDC. Redesignating cribriform HGPIN as AIP achieved consensus. AIP found alone or with grade group 1 cancer warrants an explanatory comment. However, agreement was not attained to report AIP in the presence of invasive cancer, in either needle biopsy or prostatectomy. Finally, the optional reporting of PIA or AAH/adenosis in biopsies as pertinent negatives both fell short of consensus. This guidance should help pathologists standardize reporting, staying focused on the clinically actionable aspects of these lesions.},
}

@article {pmid40544078,
year = {2025},
author = {Ao, Y and Li, X and Mu, L and Zhao, J and Chen, H and Wang, Y and Zhang, S and Yang, S and Zhang, N and Qiu, L},
title = {Time-Dependent Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Changes in Breast MR Images With Contrast for Tumor Characterization.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2025.05.019},
pmid = {40544078},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To assess the effect of scan time after contrast injection on breast MRI DWI sequence ADC values and its role in lesion differentiation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2022 and 2023, two hundred and fifty-one breast magnetic resonance (MR) images were collected from 251 patients, who had a total of 258 lesions. Pathology results obtained within 1 month of the MR imaging were utilized. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured at 3 time-points: precontrast, 3 minutes postcontrast, and 6 minutes postcontrast. For the analysis, statistical methods including the Friedman test, linear mixed models, Bonferroni correction, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and DeLong test were applied.

RESULTS: Contrast agents cause ADC values to decrease within 3 minutes after injection and recover within 6 minutes (e.g., invasive ductal carcinoma). ADC can distinguish between benign tumors and cancers but not between carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. Time-dependent changes do not affect the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions.

CONCLUSION: Contrast injection time has little effect on the effectiveness of ADC in differentiating benign from malignant lesions on DWI sequences. The findings support the feasibility of postcontrast DWI without compromising diagnostic accuracy.},
}

@article {pmid40543242,
year = {2025},
author = {Bunte, K and Ituarte, B and Warikoo, G and Morales-Ramírez, P},
title = {Regional disparities in incidence and outcomes of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast among Asian and Pacific Islander women in the United States.},
journal = {Cancer epidemiology},
volume = {97},
number = {},
pages = {102861},
doi = {10.1016/j.canep.2025.102861},
pmid = {40543242},
issn = {1877-783X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Asian women have experienced a disproportionate increase in breast cancer incidence over the past four decades when compared to patients of other races. We aim to determine the variation of incidence and survival rates for Asian women based on their residential status by region of the United States.

METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) 17-State database was used to identify cases of ductal carcinoma and its subtypes (ICD-O-3/3 codes: 8500, 8521, 8503, 8507, 8514, 8522, 8523; C50.0-50.9) among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) women during 2000-2020. Chi square tests were used for comparison of clinical and socioeconomic variables and Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to assess differences between mean time to treatment and diagnosis. Incidence was analyzed via Joinpoint Regression Software with Kaplan-Meier survival curves for evaluation of survival by region, measured in months. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression identified independent predictors of survival. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 29.0.2, with significance at p < 0.05.

RESULTS: The West represented the largest incidence over the 20-year study period with 89.6 per 100,000 (95 % CI: 88.9-90.2). There were notable differences in both 5-year and 10-year survival rates with the south having the largest decline, dropping from 84 % at 5 years and 54 % at 10 years. This is despite the south being found to have the shortest time to treatment, 0.97 months (95 % CI: 0.95-0.99; p = 0.009). Multivariate Cox regression showed API women in the South had a 24 % increased risk of mortality compared to those in the West (aHR 1.244, 95 % CI: 1.176-1.315; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate significant disparities in incidence, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes amongst API women by residential status.},
}

@article {pmid40539820,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, X and Yin, Y and Ye, Z and Zhang, X and Wei, W and Hao, Y and Zeng, L and Yang, T and Li, D and Wang, J and Zhao, D and Chen, Y and Lei, S and Jiang, Y and Zhang, Y and Xu, S and Nanding, A and Gong, Y and Li, S and Yu, Y and Zhao, S and Liu, S and Zhao, Y and Chen, Z and Yu, S and Fan, JB and Pang, D},
title = {An Approach for Differential Diagnosis of Breast Tumors by ctDNA Methylation Sequencing.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {e71004},
pmid = {40539820},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {2019B121205010//Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province/ ; GA20C016//Heilongjiang Province Applied Technology Research and Development/ ; 201909010010//Scheme of Guangzhou for Leading Team in Innovation/ ; 82073410//China National Science Foundation/ ; 82272623//China National Science Foundation/ ; 82173235//China National Science Foundation/ ; 202201010943//Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project/ ; 2016007//Scheme of Guangzhou for Leading Talents in Innovation and Entrepreneurship/ ; 2023ZX06C10//Key Special Projects of Heilongjiang Province Key Research and Development Program/ ; Nn10//Nn10 Program of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital/ ; JJZD2020-08//Haiyan Foundation of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital/ ; 2020GH15//2020 Guangzhou Development Zone International Science and Technology Cooperation Project/ ; 2017-L152//Scheme of Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development District for Leading Talents in Innovation and Entrepreneurship/ ; JD22C004//Key R&D Plan Projects of Heilongjiang Province, Da Pang/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast ultrasonography and mammography remain predominant in breast tumor evaluations, yet they often result in false positives, particularly for tumors classified as BI-RADS 4a or those no more than 10 mm, which are not ideal for core needle biopsy (CNB). Early-stage breast cancer detection via circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation holds potential to bridge these diagnostic gaps.

METHODS: We curated a breast cancer-specific panel by harnessing methylation profiles from in-house and public databases. Leveraging breast tissue-plasma-leukocyte samples, we identified breast cancer-specific markers, culminating in a 103-marker methylation model which underwent rigorous validation in two independent cohorts. To assess its performance, we compared it against the accuracy of ultrasonography, mammography, and CNB.

RESULTS: The 103-marker model exhibited remarkable proficiency in discerning benign from malignant breast tumors in plasma, with AUCs of 0.838, 0.838 and 0.823 in the validation set and two independent test sets, respectively. In BI-RADS 4a breast cancer, when compared to ultrasonography or mammography, the model augmented breast cancer diagnostic accuracy by 40.58% and 25.49%, separately. Retrospective analyses suggested that our model achieved a sensitivity of 66.67% (4/6) and a specificity of 80.36% (45/56) for surgical patients in the BI-RADS 4a category with tumors ≤ 10 mm, who did not undergo CNB, potentially sparing 45 benign patients from overtreatment. Notably, significant differences emerged in cancer scores between DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma (p < 0.05). Higher cancer scores correlated with a more unfavorable prognosis (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The 103-marker methylation model demonstrates impressive performance in distinguishing between malignant and benign tumors, facilitating precise early diagnosis of BC, and holds promise as a prognostic tool.},
}

@article {pmid40538452,
year = {2025},
author = {Whitney, HM and Drukker, K and Edwards, A and Giger, ML},
title = {Sureness of classification of breast cancers as pure ductal carcinoma in situ or with invasive components on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: application of likelihood assurance metrics for computer-aided diagnosis.},
journal = {Journal of medical imaging (Bellingham, Wash.)},
volume = {12},
number = {Suppl 2},
pages = {S22012},
pmid = {40538452},
issn = {2329-4302},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Breast cancer may persist within milk ducts (ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS) or advance into surrounding breast tissue (invasive ductal carcinoma, IDC). Occasionally, invasiveness in cancer may be underestimated during biopsy, leading to adjustments in the treatment plan based on unexpected surgical findings. Artificial intelligence/computer-aided diagnosis (AI/CADx) techniques in medical imaging may have the potential to predict whether a lesion is purely DCIS or exhibits a mixture of IDC and DCIS components, serving as a valuable supplement to biopsy findings. To enhance the evaluation of AI/CADx performance, assessing variability on a lesion-by-lesion basis via likelihood assurance measures could add value.

APPROACH: We evaluated the performance in the task of distinguishing between pure DCIS and mixed IDC/DCIS breast cancers using computer-extracted radiomic features from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging using 0.632+ bootstrapping methods (2000 folds) on 550 lesions (135 pure DCIS, 415 mixed IDC/DCIS). Lesion-based likelihood assurance was measured using a sureness metric based on the 95% confidence interval of the classifier output for each lesion.

RESULTS: The median and 95% CI of the 0.632+-corrected area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the task of classifying lesions as pure DCIS or mixed IDC/DCIS were 0.81 [0.75, 0.86]. The sureness metric varied across the dataset with a range of 0.0002 (low sureness) to 0.96 (high sureness), with combinations of high and low classifier output and high and low sureness for some lesions.

CONCLUSIONS: Sureness metrics can provide additional insights into the ability of CADx algorithms to pre-operatively predict whether a lesion is invasive.},
}

@article {pmid40536116,
year = {2025},
author = {Nechyporenko, Y and Golan, O and Menes, TS and Freitas, VAR and Kessner, R and Neeman, R and Mauda-Havakuk, M and Broitman, S and Stav, D and Lazar, S and Mercer, D and Amitai, Y},
title = {T2 Hyperintense Lesions on Breast MRI - Is the Assumption of Benignity Justified?.},
journal = {Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {8465371251346137},
doi = {10.1177/08465371251346137},
pmid = {40536116},
issn = {1488-2361},
abstract = {Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of breast MRI-guided vacuum assisted biopsies (MVAB) performed on lesions with high T2 signal. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively collected of all MVAB performed at our institution between January 2016 and December 2021 for high T2 lesions. T2 hyperintensity was defined as equal or higher signal than normal lymph node. The correlation between various demographic and imaging characteristics and the binary pathological outcome (benign vs malignant) was evaluated. Results: In total, 174 biopsies from 165 women met the inclusion criteria and were included in the cohort. Malignancy was detected in 35 lesions (20%), most commonly ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS, 57%), followed by infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC, 40%). The most common benign diagnosis was fibrocystic changes (FCC, 38%). In 19 lesions MVAB detected high-risk pathology, 3 of which were upgraded to malignancy. Older age (Mean 61 vs 54 years, P = .04), washout kinetics (29% vs 13%, P = .01), and indication for extent of disease evaluation (53% vs 32%, P = .06) were the strongest predictors of malignancy. Lesion size and morphology were not significantly associated with outcome. Conclusions: Given the considerable cancer rate, T2 hyperintensity should be used with caution as a benign indicator and not as a sole criterion for ruling out malignancy. Additional factors such as patient age, kinetic features, and MRI indication should be considered to improve diagnostic accuracy.},
}

@article {pmid40535424,
year = {2025},
author = {Carvalhais França, D and da Silva, AL and Chami, AM and Braga, LDC},
title = {Epidemiological profile of breast cancer in a reference center in the north region of Brazil.},
journal = {Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia},
volume = {47},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40535424},
issn = {1806-9339},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology/pathology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological data of women with breast cancer at a referral center in oncology in the northern region of Brazil.

METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study. The study population consists of patients who were diagnosed with in situ or invasive BC (invasive carcinoma of no special type (ICNST) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)) at the Hospital de Amor da Amazônia, in Porto Velho - Rondônia, between January 2012 and December 2021. The sampling plan adopted was of the convenience type. All patients who received the anatomopathological diagnosis of in situ or invasive BC at the Hospital de Amor da Amazônia from 2012 to 2021 and came from the North region were included. Exclusion criteria were non-origin from the North region and absence of diagnosis established by anatomopathological examination of breast cancer. Analysis of the database and medical records of the Hospital de Amor da Amazônia was carried out to collect information.

RESULTS: 420 patients were included, 99.5% female, with complete elementary school (32,6%) and brown skin (68,1%). The mean age at diagnosis was 49 years. Forty-five percent were born in the northern region and 55% in other regions of Brazil. Eighty percent of tumors were invasive ductal carcinoma; 32.7% were luminal A-like, 25.1% luminal B-like, 19.4% HER2 enriched and 12.8% triple negative. When patients were subdivided by age ≤40 years and > 40 years, there was a statistically significant difference in the association with staging (p=0.000), histological type (p= 0.035), immunohistochemistry subtype (p=0.000), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (p=.000) and genetic counseling (p=0.001). The median survival was 7.99 years. The 5-year overall survival was 81%. The higher the stage, the lower the survival rate. Twenty-four distinct variants were described in patients undergoing genetic testing, 16 of uncertain significance and 8 pathogenic. Three new variants were described: ATM (c.8726G>C), BRCA2 (c.2232A>C) and ERCC5 (c.2164G>Ap).

CONCLUSION: In this study, the age at diagnosis of breast cancer was lower, the tumor subtype was more aggressive, and patients were admitted in more advanced stages. Overall survival is lower compared to national and international data. Despite the small number of patients referred to genetic testing, it is important to search for germline mutations to improve patients' diagnosis and treatment.},
}

Humans
Female
Brazil/epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology
Middle Aged
Adult
Aged
Cohort Studies
*Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology/pathology

@article {pmid40530022,
year = {2025},
author = {Paripooranan, N and Nirasha, WB and Perera, HRP and Vijithananda, SM and Hewavithana, PB and Sherminie, LPG and Jayatilake, ML},
title = {Machine learning-based classification model to differentiate subtypes of invasive breast cancer using MRI.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1588787},
pmid = {40530022},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is considered one of the most lethal diseases among women worldwide. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC) are the two most prominent subtypes of breast cancer. They differ in epidemiology, molecular alterations, and clinicopathological features. Patient treatment and management also differ due to these variations.

AIM: The study aimed to develop a predictive model to differentiate IDC and ILC using machine learning techniques based on the morphological features of the contralateral breast. Methods- 143 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were sourced from the "DUKE Breast-Cancer" collection on the Cancer Imaging Archive website. Regions of interest were drawn on each slice to compute the morphological features of the contralateral breast using the 3D Slicer application. Supervised learning methods were applied to the morphological features to build a predictive model incorporating a Random Forest Classifier to differentiate IDC and ILC. Hyperparameters were tuned to optimize the model.

RESULTS: The model was able to differentiate IDC and ILC with an accuracy of 79% and an Area Under the Curve of 0.851 on the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve. Among the morphological features, the total volume of the contralateral breast, surface area of the contralateral breast, breast density, and the ratio of the total volume of the contralateral breast to its surface area had higher F-scores, indicating that the dimensions of the contralateral breast could be an important factor in differentiating IDC and ILC.

CONCLUSION: This study successfully developed and optimized a predictive model based on breast morphological features to differentiate IDC and ILC using machine learning methods.},
}

@article {pmid40523446,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, R and Li, H and Baraban, E and Lotan, T and DeMarzo, A and Argani, P and Baras, A and Matoso, A},
title = {Atypical Intraductal Proliferation (AIP) of the Prostate: Findings in Repeat Biopsy or Radical Prostatectomy in Patients who Met Pathologic Criteria for Active Surveillance.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105854},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2025.105854},
pmid = {40523446},
issn = {1532-8392},
abstract = {The clinical significance of 'atypical intraductal proliferation' (AIP) is uncertain when found in prostate needle biopsy without intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P) or intermediate/high-grade prostate carcinoma (PCa). A retrospective review identified 168 patients diagnosed with AIP. Twenty-five (15%) were AIP alone, the rest with PCa. Follow-up biopsy or RP within 12 months was collected on patients with AIP-only, AIP and grade-group (GG)1, and AIP and GG2 PCa [<20% Gleason pattern 4 (GP4) without cribriform glands] who met pathologic criteria for active surveillance (AS). From 110 patients who met pathologic AS criteria, 66 did not have follow-up tissue. The findings among 28 patients with repeat biopsy were as follows: 14 (50%) were reclassified as a higher GG, including 3/6 (50%) from AIP-only [1 to GG1 and 2 to GG2 (60% and 20% GP4)], 8/16 from AIP/GG1 [50%, all to GG2 (1 with 30%, all others with <20% GP4)], 3/6 (50%) from AIP/GG2 (<20% GP4) [1 to GG3, and 2 to AIP/GG2 but with ≥20% GP4]. Five (18%) patients no longer met pathologic criteria for AS. Among patients with RP, 4 (33%) showed IDC-P. Quantitative and morphologic evaluation showed that higher number of cores, foci, and lumina in AIP with cribriform glands were more frequent in patients who were reclassified into higher grade-groups. In conclusion, AIP should be considered a potential marker for aggressive disease, warranting further evaluation. Although similar to IDC-P, it should remain a separate entity, as repeat biopsy does not show higher-than-expected AS exit rate.},
}

@article {pmid40521724,
year = {2025},
author = {Sill, S and Zivehe, F and Heitmann, C and Bahn, D and Busch, J and Eigenfeldt, L and Fleming, T and Szendrödi, J and Granata, C and Ziegler, D and Bönhof, G and Roden, M and Al-Hasani, H and Strom, A and Chadt, A},
title = {Magnesium and thiamine supplementation increases renal mitochondrial respiration in lean C57BL/6J but not in obese ob/ob mice.},
journal = {Diabetes, obesity & metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/dom.16507},
pmid = {40521724},
issn = {1463-1326},
support = {CH 1659/2-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; DFG-RTG 2576 vivid//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; STR 1032/3-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; //German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)/ ; //German Federal Ministry of Health (BMG)/ ; //German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)/ ; //The Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology of the state North Rhine-Westphalia/ ; //Deutsche Diabetes Gesellschaft/ ; },
}

@article {pmid40519297,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, J and Jiang, F and Wang, C and Sun, P and Song, L and Liu, J},
title = {PLCH1 overexpression promotes breast cancer progression and predicts poor prognosis through the ERK1/2-EGR1 axis.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1577114},
pmid = {40519297},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Phospholipase C η1 (PLCH1), a member of the phospholipase C superfamily, has been implicated in the development of multiple cancers. However, its specific role in breast cancer progression, its association with clinicopathological features, and its prognostic significance remain unclear.

METHODS: PLCH1 expression was analyzed across multiple tumor types using the TNMplot database, which integrates RNA-seq, microarray, and normalized data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), encompassing 40,442 tumor and 15,648 normal samples. Differential expression analysis was performed using boxplots and statistical tests to assess significance. DNA methylation and survival analyses were conducted using TCGA data, with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression to evaluate prognostic value. Functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, were performed on differentially expressed genes using the clusterProfiler package. Mutation analyses were conducted using mutation annotation format (MAF) files, and pathway activities were correlated with PLCH1 expression via single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA). Experimental validation included immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 100 breast invasive ductal carcinoma samples, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting. PLCH1 knockdown functional studies assessed cell proliferation and signaling pathways.

RESULTS: PLCH1 was significantly overexpressed in various cancers, including breast cancer, compared to normal tissues. PLCH1 expression was strongly correlated with the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer tissues, further linking PLCH1 to poor prognosis and adverse patient outcomes. Functional studies revealed that PLCH1 was highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines, and PLCH1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and reduced cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) expression in BT-474 cells. Mechanistically, PLCH1 silencing downregulated early growth response 1 (EGR1) expression by suppressing the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway, impairing tumor cell proliferation.

CONCLUSIONS: PLCH1 was overexpressed in breast cancer and was associated with worse patient outcomes. Its role in promoting cell proliferation via the ERK1/2-EGR1 axis highlighted PLCH1 as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying breast cancer progression and suggest promising avenues for targeted therapy development.},
}

@article {pmid40516663,
year = {2025},
author = {Göransson, S and Olofsson, H and Johansson, HJ and Yan, F and Vogiatzakis, C and Liang, S and Bellato, HM and Masvidal, L and Aksoylu, I and Hartman, J and Hajj, GNM and Larsson, O and Lehtiö, J and Strömblad, S},
title = {Mechanical control of breast cancer malignancy by promotion of mevalonate pathway enzyme synthesis.},
journal = {Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.matbio.2025.05.005},
pmid = {40516663},
issn = {1569-1802},
abstract = {In breast cancer, mechanotransduction from stiffened extracellular matrix (ECM) drives proliferation and invasion. Here, we use a model of matrix stiffening mimicking progression of breast ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive ductal carcinoma. Quantitative mass spectrometry identified enrichment of ECM-stiffness upregulated mevalonate pathway enzymes, indicating sterol/isoprenoid metabolism reprogramming. Consistently, the first committed mevalonate pathway enzyme, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase (HMGCS1), was upregulated in human breast cancer specimens and spatially correlated with cross-linked ECM. ECM-stiffness promoted HMGCS1 protein synthesis without corresponding mRNA level alterations, indicating post-transcriptional regulation of mevalonate biosynthesis via microenvironmental mechanical cues to impose rapid metabolic alterations. Moreover, HMGCS1-RNAi blocked the stiffness-driven breast cancer proliferative and invasive phenotype. Mechanistically, mechanotransduction signaling, through integrin and Rac1 to promote HMGCS1 protein expression, drives the breast cancer malignant phenotype. Intriguingly, the Rac1-P29S cancer mutant promoted a malignant phenotype without stiff ECM in a mevalonate-dependent manner. In summary, we define a mechano-responsive pathway controlling mevalonate pathway enzyme synthesis that drives breast cancer malignant behaviors.},
}

@article {pmid40516578,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, R and Li, H and Baraban, E and Lotan, T and DeMarzo, A and Argani, P and Baras, A and Matoso, A},
title = {Atypical intraductal proliferation (AIP) of the prostate: Findings in repeat biopsy or radical prostatectomy in patients who met pathologic criteria for active surveillance.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105841},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2025.105841},
pmid = {40516578},
issn = {1532-8392},
abstract = {The clinical significance of 'atypical intraductal proliferation' (AIP) is uncertain when found in prostate needle biopsy without intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P) or intermediate/high-grade prostate carcinoma (PCa). A retrospective review identified 168 patients diagnosed with AIP. Twenty-five (15 %) were AIP alone, the rest with PCa. Follow-up biopsy or RP within 12 months was collected on patients with AIP-only, AIP and grade-group (GG)1, and AIP and GG2 PCa [<20 % Gleason pattern 4 (GP4) without cribriform glands] who met pathologic criteria for active surveillance (AS). From 110 patients who met pathologic AS criteria, 66 did not have follow-up tissue. The findings among 28 patients with repeat biopsy were as follows: 14 (50 %) were reclassified as a higher GG, including 3/6 (50 %) from AIP-only [1 to GG1 and 2 to GG2 (60 % and 20 % GP4)], 8/16 from AIP/GG1 [50 %, all to GG2 (1 with 30 %, all others with <20 % GP4)], 3/6 (50 %) from AIP/GG2 (<20 % GP4) [1 to GG3, and 2 to AIP/GG2 but with ≥20 % GP4]. Five (18 %) patients no longer met pathologic criteria for AS. Among patients with RP, 4 (33 %) showed IDC-P. Quantitative and morphologic evaluation showed that higher number of cores, foci, and lumina in AIP with cribriform glands were more frequent in patients who were reclassified into higher grade-groups. In conclusion, AIP should be considered a potential marker for aggressive disease, warranting further evaluation. Although similar to IDC-P, it should remain a separate entity, as repeat biopsy does not show higher-than-expected AS exit rate.},
}

@article {pmid40513789,
year = {2025},
author = {Kavazis, C and Ekmektzoglou, A and Kokolakis, A and Liappis, T and Douganiotis, G and Natsiopoulos, I},
title = {The role of PIK3CA mutation in lobular breast cancer in the era of precision oncology - a systematic review.},
journal = {Critical reviews in oncology/hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104805},
doi = {10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104805},
pmid = {40513789},
issn = {1879-0461},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ιnvasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a distinct subtype of breast cancer with unique clinical and molecular features. Although ILC generally responds to endocrine therapy, it tends to exhibit lower chemotherapy sensitivity, underscoring the need for tailored therapeutic approaches. PIK3CA mutations are frequently observed in ILC. This systematic review evaluates the prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in ILC and examines their prognostic and predictive significance.

METHODS: We searched PubMed and Scopus for studies reporting PIK3CA mutations in lobular breast cancer. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies on stage I-III ILC examining mutation frequency, prognosis, or predictive value. Data on mutation prevalence in ILC (and comparisons to invasive ductal carcinoma, IDC) and associated outcomes were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed with assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias.

RESULTS: Ten relevant studies (nine cohorts) were included. The prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in ILC ranged from ~30% to ~50%. Statistic analysis showed that nearly half of ILCs harbor PIK3CA mutations. Mutation rates in ILC were generally higher than in IDC. No significant association between PIK3CA mutation status and patient prognosis was observed in the available studies. There were limited data ontreatment response.

CONCLUSIONS: PIK3CA is a commonly mutated gene in ILC, but current evidence does not demonstrate a clear impact on prognosis or definite predictive value for therapy response in this subtype. Nonetheless, the high mutation frequency provides a rationale for targeted therapeutic approaches. PIK3CA testing may be considered in advanced ILC to identify candidates for PI3K inhibitor therapy, although further research is needed.},
}

@article {pmid40507963,
year = {2025},
author = {Zeiringer, S and Derler, M and Mussbacher, M and Kolesnik, T and Fröhlich, E and Leitinger, G and Kolb, D and Tutz, S and Vargas, C and Keller, S and Roblegg, E},
title = {Immune Modulation with Nanodiscs: Surface Charge Dictates Cellular Interactions and Activation of Macrophages and Dendritic-like Cells.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40507963},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dendritic Cells/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology ; *Macrophages/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology ; *Cell Communication/drug effects/immunology ; *Nanostructures/chemistry ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; },
abstract = {The immunological barrier is among the most significant barriers in vivo. Macrophages and dendritic cells play a crucial role in immune responses, involving phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and triggering adaptive responses. Nanoscale drug-delivery vehicles, such as polymer-encapsulated lipid-bilayer nanodiscs, are of particular interest in the development of new therapeutic approaches, but require well-characterized human in vitro cell models. To this end, the present study differentiated human monocytes into two distinct states, resting macrophages and immature dendritic-like cells (iDCs). These cells served as model systems to assess the efficacy of lipid-bilayer nanodiscs encapsulated by anionic glyco-DIBMA (diisobutylene-maleic acid) or electroneutral sulfo-DIBMA polymers. Nanodisc-cell interaction studies-including cell viability, reactive oxygen species production, cytokine release, particle uptake, and activation marker expression-demonstrated that immune responses depend sensitively on the cell type and polymer and thus on the surface charge of the nanodiscs. Sulfo-DIBMA nanodiscs induced minimal immune cell activation, accompanied by cytokine release and reduced uptake of the nanodiscs by immune cells. In contrast, glyco-DIBMA nanodiscs exhibited increased interactions with cells, elicited pro-inflammatory immune responses, and promoted iDC maturation. This involved co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules, potentially leading to T-cell activation. These findings underscore the potential of glyco-DIBMA nanodiscs to modulate immune responses through receptor-specific interactions, paving the way for immunotherapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
*Dendritic Cells/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology
*Macrophages/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology
*Cell Communication/drug effects/immunology
*Nanostructures/chemistry
Cytokines/metabolism
Lipid Bilayers/chemistry
Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Cell Survival/drug effects

@article {pmid40503404,
year = {2025},
author = {Luo, M and Liu, RN and He, ZM and Liang, QF and Huang, FL},
title = {Diagnosis and treatment of metachronous multiple primary carcinoma: A case report and review of literature.},
journal = {World journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {105444},
pmid = {40503404},
issn = {2218-4333},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Multiple primary carcinoma (MPC) refers to two or more types of primary malignant tumors occurring simultaneously or sequentially in the same patient. Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors affecting women. On the other hand, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In clinical practice, the simultaneous existence of metachronous primary breast cancer and lymphoma is rare. In this case, we highlight the significance of multidisciplinary management and advanced imaging techniques in the early identification and treatment of MPC cases.

CASE SUMMARY: In this study, we report a case of a 40-year-old female who was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (T3N1M0 stage IIIA LuminalB type) as the first primary cancer and DLBCL (stage IIIA) as the second primary cancer. The patient underwent the modified radical mastectomy for left breast cancer and received Rituximab, cyclophospha-mide, hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin (vincristine) and prednisolone regimen chemotherapy treatment for DLBCL. As of now, the patient is in stable condition. The successful diagnosis of the present patient highlights the need for multidisciplinary management and adoption of advanced imaging techniques to identify the second primary cancer, especially NHL.

CONCLUSION: Accurate diagnosis and management of metachronous MPC requires an interdisciplinary team and selection of an appropriate treatment plan.},
}

@article {pmid40496029,
year = {2025},
author = {Imran, M and Majeed, MA and Sameen-Bin-Naeem, and Yasmeen, T and Siddiqui, N},
title = {Beyond the Tumor: Invasive Fungal Infection Unveiled in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patient Mimicking Disease Relapse.},
journal = {Journal of cancer & allied specialties},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {8-11},
pmid = {40496029},
issn = {2411-989X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a major global health concern among all malignancies, with HER2-positive breast cancer representing a particularly aggressive subtype. It affects approximately 20% of patients and is associated with a high risk of relapse. The management of HER2-positive breast cancer has been significantly improved by targeted therapies, though challenges remain, especially in resource-limited settings. Invasive fungal infections are also common and can manifest as metastatic lesions in immunocompromised cancer patients undergoing intensive treatments making the diagnosis challenging for the oncologists.

CASE DESCRIPTION: We report a case of a 39-year-old premenopausal female with relapsed HER2-positive breast cancer complicated by an invasive fungal infection. The patient initially presented with a 5 × 5 cm right breast lump, which was diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma, HER2-positive estrogen and progesterone receptor negative. Despite receiving chemotherapy with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel in the neoadjuvant setting and breast conservation surgery, the patient experienced disease recurrence. She was then treated with modified radical mastectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy TCH (trastuzumab, carboplatin, and docetaxel) six cycles. After three cycles, she developed high-grade fevers, renal impairment, and altered mental status. Imaging initially suggested ongoing infective vs metastatic process in bilateral renal and CNS parenchyma, so biopsy was performed from brain that revealed Aspergillus flavus infection. Treatment was adjusted to include antifungal therapy with voriconazole, and the patient's condition improved.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This case underscores the critical need for biopsy of new or evolving lesions in cancer patients, particularly when imaging is not convincing enough for a relapse. Accurate diagnosis is essential to differentiate between disease progression and complications such as opportunistic infections. The occurrence of a fungal brain abscess in this patient highlights the importance of considering such invasive opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals, especially those undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Furthermore, the challenges faced due to the unavailability of targeted therapies in resource-limited settings emphasize the need for better access to advanced treatments and comprehensive management strategies. This case also calls for heightened vigilance and prompt diagnostic evaluation to address both cancer progression and potential opportunistic infections effectively.},
}

@article {pmid40492227,
year = {2025},
author = {Kivuyo, NE and Kitua, DW and Chikelea, ME and Misidai, MA and Mwanga, AH and Nyongole, OV and Akoko, LO},
title = {Treatment outcomes and the associated factors among breast cancer patients in Tanzania: a retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {Ecancermedicalscience},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {1874},
pmid = {40492227},
issn = {1754-6605},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most prevalent cancer among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite dedicated efforts to enhance BC care in the region through improving diagnostic and treatment services, little is known about the treatment outcomes of BC patients and the predictors of outcomes in our local settings have not been enumerated. This study aimed to investigate the treatment outcomes and the associated factors among BC patients in Tanzania.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study at Muhimbili National Hospital and Ocean Road Cancer Institute in 2022. It involved female patients 18 years and above who were confirmed to have BC by histology. A sample size of 240 was determined to be adequate to detect a survival difference between the stages. Using Research Electronic Data Capture, clinical characteristics were collected from patients' treatment records and survival status was ascertained both by case notes or phone calls to patients or next of kin. Data were transferred into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27 for subsequent analysis where continuous variables were summarised as proportions. We used chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to determine the association between various patients' characteristics and treatment outcomes. Kaplan-Meyer analysis was used to determine survival and a p-value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: In total, 298 BC patients were studied with a mean age of 53.2 ± 13.6 (27-89). Invasive ductal carcinoma, parity and late stage at presentation were predominant features in these patients. A triple negative subtype was identified in 35.2% of the women. Only 27.9% and 33.6% of the patients received neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy respectively, while 8.1% of the patients were palliated. The overall 5 years survival was 29.7%, while being significantly poor in patients with advanced stages of the disease. Luminal subtypes, parity, menopausal status and age had some influence on BC survival among our patients but not in a significant manner.

CONCLUSION: Mastectomy is predominantly offered to BC patients in Tanzania with no standardisation of use of chemo/radiation both in neo/adjuvant settings. Some important prognostic factors were missing including a lack of standardised work up of patients. With the predominance of advanced stage at presentation, BC carries unacceptable high mortality in Tanzania. Efforts to detect BC early, understand patients' perception of their disease and standardisation of care are needed to successfully implement treatment guidelines.},
}

@article {pmid40484435,
year = {2025},
author = {Iurillo, AM and Abraham, O and McQuillan, J and Newton, E},
title = {Treatment of breast cancer in a patient with sickle cell disease.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2024-263661},
pmid = {40484435},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/complications/pathology ; *Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications/therapy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/complications/pathology ; Adult ; Trastuzumab/therapeutic use ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {We present a woman in her 30s with sickle cell disease (SCD) treated with monthly exchange transfusions who had suffered cerebrovascular complications, presented with a 4-cm left breast mass and was ultimately diagnosed with Estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (ER+HER2/Neu+) invasive ductal carcinoma with axillary metastasis. She was treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy, followed by a left-modified radical mastectomy and had residual invasive disease. She received postmastectomy radiation followed by adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine. Given the ER positivity, she also began adjuvant ovarian suppression (OS) and an aromatase inhibitor (AI). Throughout treatment, her SCD remained well-controlled, highlighting the potential for effective and tolerable cancer therapy in patients with SCD and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. This case underscores the importance of tailored oncological management and the need for further research on chemotherapy safety in this population.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/complications/pathology
*Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications/therapy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/complications/pathology
Adult
Trastuzumab/therapeutic use
Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Mastectomy, Modified Radical
Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40482189,
year = {2025},
author = {Gunes, A and Colapkulu-Akgul, N and Akgul, C and Unlu, I and Cinar, S},
title = {Axillary staging with 18F-FDG PET/CT in early breast cancer: impact of tumor subtypes.},
journal = {Annals of Saudi medicine},
volume = {45},
number = {3},
pages = {145-153},
doi = {10.5144/0256-4947.2025.145},
pmid = {40482189},
issn = {0975-4466},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Axilla ; Adult ; Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasm Staging ; Aged ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women globally. Axillary lymph node metastasis remains one of the most independent prognostic factors in breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in detecting axillary lymph node metastasis based on immunohistochemical subtypes and its correlation with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) results.

DESIGN: A retrospective cohort.

SETTING: Tertiary oncology center in Turkiye.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients diagnosed with early-stage invasive ductal breast cancer and who underwent preoperative F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) evaluation were included in the study. Patients were divided into five immunohistochemical subtypes: Luminal A, Luminal B HER2 (-) (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), Luminal B HER2 (+), HER2 (+), and triple negative. SLNB and SUVmax (Maximum Standard Unit Value) results were compared.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting axillary metastasis was the primary outcome. Interrater reliability testing in determining the agreement between 18F-FDG PET/CT and SLNB was the secondary outcome.

SAMPLE SIZE: 248.

RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for detecting axillary metastasis were 62%, 92%, 88%, 71% and 77%, respectively. Cohen's Kappa coefficient (0.54) showed moderate agreement with SLNB (P<.001). Tumors with positive HER2 gene amplification [HER2 (+) and Luminal B HER2 (+) have higher sensitivity than other subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B HER2 (-) and triple negative). HER2 gene amplification also increases the agreement between 18F-FDG-PET/CT and SLNB results.

CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG-PET/CT has a high specificity but low sensitivity for ipsilateral axillary metastasis in invasive ductal carcinoma. The presence of HER2 gene amplification can increase sensitivity and concordance with SLNB.

LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design and limited number of patients for each subtype.},
}

Humans
Female
*Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Axilla
Adult
Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging
Neoplasm Staging
Aged
Radiopharmaceuticals
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Reproducibility of Results
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Sensitivity and Specificity

@article {pmid40478792,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, H and Luo, M and Luo, W and Li, H and Cong, S},
title = {Integrated decision-control for social robot autonomous navigation considering nonlinear dynamics model.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0324341},
pmid = {40478792},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Robotics/methods ; *Nonlinear Dynamics ; Humans ; Algorithms ; Reward ; Decision Making ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Walking ; },
abstract = {Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated significant potential in social robot autonomous navigation, yet existing research lacks in-depth discussion on the feasibility of navigation strategies. Therefore, this paper proposes an Integrated Decision-Control Framework for Social Robot Autonomous Navigation (IDC-SRAN), which accounts for the nonlinearity of social robot model and ensures the feasibility of decision-control strategy. Initially, inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is employed to tackle the challenge of designing pedestrian walking reward. Subsequently, the Four-Mecanum-Wheel Robot dynamic model is constructed to develop IDC-SRAN, resolving the issue of dynamics mismatch of RL system. The actions of IDC-SRAN are defined as additional torque, with actual torque and lateral/longitudinal velocities integrated into the state space. The feasibility of the decision-control strategy is ensured by constraining the range of actions. Furthermore, a critical challenge arises from the state delay caused by model transient characteristics, which complicates the articulation of nonlinear relationships between states and actions through IRL-based rewards. To mitigate this, a driving-force-guided reward is proposed. This reward guides the robot to explore more appropriate decision-control strategies by expected direction of driving force, thereby reducing non-optimal behaviors during transient phases. Experimental results demonstrate that IDC-SRAN achieves peak accelerations approximately 8.3% of baseline methods, significantly enhancing the feasibility of decision-control strategies. Simultaneously, the framework enables goal-oriented autonomous navigation through active torque modulation, attaining a task completion rate exceeding 90%. These outcomes further validate the intelligence and robustness of the proposed IDC-SRAN.},
}

*Robotics/methods
*Nonlinear Dynamics
Humans
Algorithms
Reward
Decision Making
Reinforcement, Psychology
Walking

@article {pmid40478342,
year = {2025},
author = {Thill, M and Ghilli, M and Roncella, M and Kelling, K and Fansa, H and Golatta, M and Heil, J and Haasteren, V and Freitag, A and Togawa, R and Sagona, A and Rooney, TB and Fox, MJ and Barth, RJ},
title = {A Multi-institutional Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of a Supine MRI-Based Guidance System, the Breast Cancer Locator[TM], for Breast Conserving Surgery in Patients with Nonpalpable Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40478342},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Breast Cancer Locator[TM] (BCL) has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective guidance system for breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in patients with palpable breast cancer, but its effectiveness in patients with nonpalpable breast cancer has not been evaluated.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images were used to generate (1) an interactive three-dimensional (3D) virtual image of the tumor in the breast and (2) a plastic bra-like form (BCL) that enabled the surgeon to place wires that bracketed the tumor volume. The primary objective was to determine the proportion of patients undergoing margin negative resections.

RESULTS: A total of 35 subjects were enrolled at 5 sites by 9 surgeons. In the 33 patients treated per protocol, 31 had margin negative resections (94%). All 31 patients with negative margins had negative margins on the primary lumpectomy specimen resected with BCL guidance. Additional shave margins were taken in 4 of the 31 patients; no cancer was present in the shaves. A total of 25 patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, 7 invasive lobular carcinoma, and 3 ductal carcinoma en situ (DCIS). The mean tumor diameter was 3.1 cm and specimen volume was 56 ml. The median actual/targeted specimen volume ratio was 1.18. There was no significant difference in preop versus postop Breast-Q scores: 66.5 versus 64.0, p = 0.58. Surgeons judged the BCL guidance system to be easy to use in 91% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS: The BCL guidance system enabled surgeons to do precise BCS: margin negative resections were obtained in a high proportion of cases, resected specimen volumes were relatively low, and patients' satisfaction with their breasts was not adversely effected by surgery.},
}

@article {pmid40474937,
year = {2025},
author = {Miranda-Pinzon, M and Gomez-Caturla, J and Ivorra-Martinez, J and Guijarro, N and Marset, X and Balart, R},
title = {Sustainable Approach to Overcome Polylactide Brittleness with Biobased Esters of Isosorbide and Fatty Acids.},
journal = {ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering},
volume = {13},
number = {21},
pages = {7962-7974},
pmid = {40474937},
issn = {2168-0485},
abstract = {This work reports on the design and synthesis of sustainable plasticizers from plant-based isosorbide to enhance the intrinsic brittleness of polylactide (PLA). To keep fully biobased carbon, isosorbide was esterified with fatty acids of varying chain length, leading to isosorbide dibutyrate (IDB), dicaprylate (IDC), and dipalmitate (IDP). These esters were incorporated into PLA at different concentrations. An approach to assess PLA-plasticizer miscibility was conducted by calculating solubility parameters (δ) and the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, χ. The effect of plasticizer type and concentration on mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties, as well as on microstructure and biodegradation, was also addressed. The results indicated that IDB and IDC notably enhanced PLA toughness, reducing the PLA's glass transition temperature (T g) from 60.3 to 27.7 °C with 20 wt % IDC. Consequently, strain at break dramatically increased from 12.8% (PLA) to over 300% with 20 wt % IDB or IDC. In contrast, IDP exhibited limited miscibility, resulting in phase separation, though it still improved the impact strength and ductility. All formulations demonstrated exceptional disintegration in compost soil, underscoring their potential as "double green" plasticizers suitable for PLA. Since both PLA and isosorbide can be industrially derived from starch, this work places starch as a key platform for sustainable polymers.},
}

@article {pmid40470417,
year = {2025},
author = {Matsuo, T and Tanaka, T and Shien, T and Muraoka, A and Doihara, H},
title = {Detailed Ophthalmic and Pathological Features of Choroidal Metastasis From Breast Cancer: A Case Series of Five Patients.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e83484},
pmid = {40470417},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast cancer causes choroidal metastases on rare occasions. This study presented the eye manifestations of choroidal metastases from breast cancer and their response to treatments in detail as well as their pathological correlation in five patients. The patients' age at the diagnosis of breast cancer ranged from 24 to 69 years (median: 37 years). The time from the diagnosis of breast cancer to the detection of metastases was concurrent in one patient, two years later in three patients, and six years later in the other patient. The time from the detection of systemic metastases to the detection of choroidal metastases was the same in one patient, while it ranged from one to seven years later in four patients. Choroidal metastases were in the unilateral eye of four patients, whereas they were in both eyes of one patient. Choroidal metastases manifested as one or a few nodular or flat choroidal lesions with serous retinal detachment. As for the treatment of choroidal metastases, enucleation of the right eye was chosen based on the patient's wish as well as the family's wish in the earliest patient when cancer notification was not the norm in Japan. In the other four patients, whole-eye radiation was performed to reduce the choroidal metastatic lesions. As regards the prognosis, which was available in four patients, three patients died within one year from the diagnosis of choroidal metastases, while one patient died one year and eight months later. Regarding the pathology of breast cancer, which was available in four patients, immunostaining of the preserved enucleated eye in the earliest patient revealed that breast cancer cells in the choroidal metastatic lesion were positive for estrogen receptor and negative for progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Invasive ductal carcinoma in two patients was positive for estrogen receptor and negative for HER2, while invasive ductal carcinoma in the other patient was triple-negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 with a high Ki-67 index. In conclusion, the prognosis for life was poor in patients with breast cancer who developed choroidal metastases. Choroidal metastatic lesions showed a response to whole-eye radiation to improve the quality of vision at the end of life. Vision-related symptoms should be monitored in the course of chemotherapy for systemic metastases.},
}

@article {pmid40475302,
year = {2024},
author = {Xie, J and Jung, KJ and Allen, C and Chang, Y and Paul, S and Li, Z and Ma, Q and Chung, D},
title = {Analysis of community connectivity in spatial transcriptomics data.},
journal = {Frontiers in applied mathematics and statistics},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40475302},
issn = {2297-4687},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The advent of high throughput spatial transcriptomics (HST) has allowed for unprecedented characterization of spatially distinct cell communities within a tissue sample. While a wide range of computational tools exist for detecting cell communities in HST data, none allow for the characterization of community connectivity, i.e., the relative similarity of cells within and between found communities-an analysis task that can elucidate cellular dynamics in important settings such as the tumor microenvironment.

METHODS: To address this gap, we introduce the analysis of community connectivity (ACC), which facilitates understanding of the relative similarity of cells within and between communities. We develop a Bayesian multi-layer network model called BANYAN for the integration of spatial and gene expression information to achieve ACC.

RESULTS: We demonstrate BANYAN's ability to recover community connectivity structure via a simulation study based on real sagittal mouse brain HST data. Next, we use BANYAN to implement ACC across a wide range of real data scenarios, including 10× Visium data of melanoma brain metastases and invasive ductal carcinoma, and NanoString CosMx data of human-small-cell lung cancer, each of which reveals distinct cliques of interacting cell sub-populations. An R package banyan is available at https://github.com/dongjunchung/banyan.},
}

@article {pmid40470186,
year = {2025},
author = {Dahms, PA and Hinckley, B and Prekeris, R and Behbod, F and Lyons, TR},
title = {Semaphorin-7A promotes macrophage-mediated mammary epithelial and ductal carcinoma in situ invasion.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.21203/rs.3.rs-6448305/v1},
pmid = {40470186},
issn = {2693-5015},
abstract = {Background Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for 20-30% of all breast cancer diagnoses. Considered stage 0, DCIS is contained in the ducts by the myoepithelium that surround the luminal cells in the mammary gland. DCIS can progress to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) if the tumor cells break through the myoepithelium and invade the surrounding breast tissue. While 30-50% of DCIS tumors will progress to IDC, a majority will remain in a DCIS-like state. The mechanisms that drive this progression are not completely understood. There is currently no clinically recognized biomarker for predicting risk of DCIS progression. Therefore, all DCIS tumors are treated with standard of care, resulting in overtreatment. We have previously identified independent roles for semaphorin-7A (SEMA7A) and collagen in promoting DCIS progression to IDC. Methods To investigate the relationship between SEMA7A and collagen remodeling in the mammary gland, we utilized patient tissues and mouse models of normal development and DCIS progression as well as a novel SEMA7A-blocking antibody. Results We show that SEMA7A increases in patient samples of DCIS compared to matched normal tissues and in IDC compared to matched DCIS and normal tissues. This increase was correlated with the presence of CD68 + macrophages. Using puberty in the mammary gland as a model for normal epithelial invasion facilitated by macrophages, we show SEMA7A knockout mice exhibit delayed ductal elongation as well as decreased macrophages. Additionally, our SEMA7A-blocking antibody in a mouse model of DCIS decreased invasive tumor phenotypes and decreased organized collagen around the tumor. The invasive tumors had increased collagen and macrophage influx in the tumor. Finally, we show that SEMA7A activates an AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway within macrophages to promote expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the matrix remodeling enzyme MMP9 to facilitate invasion. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that SEMA7A regulates normal and transformed epithelial cell invasion through regulation of pro-invasive matrix remodeling via macrophages. Our studies also suggest that SEMA7A expression, macrophage phenotype, and collagen structure may be a predictor of risk for DCIS invasion. Thus, blocking SEMA7A may be a novel therapeutic strategy for high-risk DCIS patients to slow or prevent progression of disease.},
}

@article {pmid40469556,
year = {2025},
author = {Suzuki, A and Komiya, T and Fujita, H and Shimada, K and Nonaka, M and Hanano, M and Takeishi, M and Ishikawa, T and Matsumura, H},
title = {Surgical Site Infection Owing to Mycobacterium mageritense After Immediate Breast Reconstruction Using a Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {e6823},
pmid = {40469556},
issn = {2169-7574},
abstract = {Mycobacterium mageritense is a rare, rapidly growing, nontuberculosis mycobacterium that belongs to type IV of the rapidly growing mycobacteria. These bacteria are found in soil and water, and cause localized skin and soft tissue infections; however, they are challenging to culture, leading to diagnostic delays. To our knowledge, there have been 12 reported cases of surgical site infections (SSIs) caused by M. mageritense, with only 2 cases following breast reconstruction. A 51-year-old woman underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. One month after surgery, she developed an SSI caused by M. mageritense. Despite initial outpatient treatment, the infection persisted, requiring multiple hospitalizations, administration of intravenous antibiotics, and several debridements under general anesthesia. Negative pressure wound therapy and a coordinated approach among various medical specialties are essential for managing infections. The patient experienced side effects from prolonged antibiotic use but eventually exhibited no signs of infection recurrence. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating M. mageritense SSIs, emphasizing the need for comprehensive surgical and medical management, together with patient-centered care, to effectively manage long-term treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40469550,
year = {2025},
author = {Mattia, A and Alomari, M and Hyjazie, T and Devisetti, N and Shen, Y and Haykal, S},
title = {Breast Reconstruction in De Novo Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {e6810},
pmid = {40469550},
issn = {2169-7574},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast reconstruction in de novo metastatic breast cancer (dnMBC) patients is a viable option. There remains no consensus on recommendations. We summarize postreconstruction clinical outcomes in dnMBC patients to identify surgical candidates.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 1, 1990, to November 1, 2024. The study methods were in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data on patient demographics, disease characteristics, oncological treatment, surgical details, and clinical outcomes were collected.

RESULTS: A total of 7 studies (2635 breast cancer survivors) were identified. The average (SD) age was 47.5 (2.35) years, and most participants were White (n = 2080, 79.3%). Across studies, 39.0% (n = 761) of patients underwent implant-based reconstruction, 38.8% (n = 757) autologous reconstruction, 5.99% (n = 117) combined reconstruction, and 16.4% (n = 320) were not specified. Most cancers were invasive ductal carcinoma (81.3%) with estrogen-positive (73.1%) or progesterone-positive (48.4%) receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (33.7%) status. Primary tumors most often metastasized to bone (44.4%) or lymph nodes (38.5%). Overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival rates were prolonged among reconstructed patients without increased predilection for complications or delay in tumor treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction in dnMBC patients is an appropriate option, especially among younger patients with oligometastatic disease. Future studies are encouraged to investigate the impact on well-being and prolonged survival rates, which primarily seem to be limited to those with low disease burden and hormone receptor-positive tumor subtypes.},
}

@article {pmid40468339,
year = {2025},
author = {Irandoust, K and Alipour, V and Arabloo, J and Nahvijou, A and Akbari, A},
title = {Economic burden of five common cancers in Iran: a systematic review of cost-of-illness with a focus on healthcare resource utilization.},
journal = {BMC health services research},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {800},
pmid = {40468339},
issn = {1472-6963},
mesh = {Humans ; Iran/epidemiology ; *Cost of Illness ; *Breast Neoplasms/economics ; Male ; *Stomach Neoplasms/economics ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/economics ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/economics ; *Lung Neoplasms/economics ; Female ; *Neoplasms/economics ; *Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: According to the latest World Health Organization report, approximately half of the new cancer cases in Iran are attributed to five common cancers: gastric, breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer. These cancers impose a heavy economic burden on healthcare systems and society, including direct medical costs (DMC), direct non-medical costs (DNMC), and indirect costs (IDC). This systematic review aimed to investigate the economic burden of these cancers in Iran.

METHODS: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The search strategy was developed using MeSH terms, Emtree, and previous literature. To identify relevant studies published up until December 27, 2023, searches were conducted in both international databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database) and national databases (SID, Magiran, and IranMedex). After removing duplicates and screening studies using Endnote software, eligible studies were selected for inclusion in the review. The costs were converted to USD 2021 using the CCEMG-EPPI-Centre cost converter.

RESULTS: A total of 22 studies were included in this review. Breast and colorectal cancer each had 4 studies, while prostate, gastric, and lung cancer each had 3 studies. The remaining 5 studies covered a combination of multiple cancers. Converting the costs from different studies to USD 2021 showed that the average annual DMC per patient with breast cancer varied from $13,954 to $34,772. These costs ranged from $14,671 to $28,656 for colorectal cancer, $7,970 to $16,821 for prostate cancer, $12,206 to $17,681 for gastric cancer, and $9,369 to $40,682 for lung cancer. Part of these variations may be related to differences in healthcare resource utilization, while another part may be due to differences in cost calculation methodology, study perspective, and study location. Additional cost conversion findings showed that in 85% of the studies, the average annual DNMC per patient for all cancers were estimated to be less than $4,000. Furthermore, the average annual IDC per patient for breast and lung cancer were estimated to be as high as $100,000 due to high mortality, compared to less than $30,000 for other cancers.

CONCLUSIONS: Given the high prevalence of these five cancers in Iran, their economic burden is significant. Policymakers should focus not only on reducing the disease burden but also on minimizing the economic burden of cancer. Strategies such as improving early detection, optimizing treatment pathways, and implementing cost-effective interventions could help reduce both healthcare costs and the overall financial strain on patients and the healthcare system.},
}

Humans
Iran/epidemiology
*Cost of Illness
*Breast Neoplasms/economics
Male
*Stomach Neoplasms/economics
*Prostatic Neoplasms/economics
*Colorectal Neoplasms/economics
*Lung Neoplasms/economics
Female
*Neoplasms/economics
*Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data
*Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40464172,
year = {2025},
author = {Choi, S and Choi, EJ and Kim, BR and Kim, KM},
title = {An Unusual Occurrence of Synchronous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in the Ipsilateral Breast: A Case Report.},
journal = {Current medical imaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0115734056373786250527105407},
pmid = {40464172},
issn = {1573-4056},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The synchronous occurrence of primary pure squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast is rare. Accurate identification of synchronous primary malignancies is crucial because their prognosis and treatment differ significantly from recurrent diseases. Herein, we present an unusual case highlighting the synchronous development of primary SCC and IDC in the ipsilateral breast.

CASE REPORT: A 48-year-old woman presented with a palpable mass in her right breast. Preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) demonstrated an irregularly shaped mass with internal rim enhancement. Surgical resection confirmed IDC of nuclear grade 3 with a high proliferation index (Ki-67: 70%), and the patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy without radiation. Five months postoperation, a chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a new round-shaped lesion with rim enhancement and relatively circumscribed margins near the previous operation site. Breast ultrasound additionally identified a complex cystic and solid mass with an echogenic rind and increased vascularity. Following total resection, a pure squamous cell carcinoma with prominent keratinization was confirmed.

CONCLUSION: Accurate and early diagnosis of synchronous multiple primary malignancies from recurrence of the primary tumor is critical for improving prognosis by establishing an appropriate treatment and follow-up plan. Recognizing complex cystic and solid masses with relatively circumscribed margins on radiological imaging can assist clinicians in identifying and managing rare cases where IDC and SCC coexist or appear sequentially within a short period.},
}

@article {pmid40460639,
year = {2025},
author = {Shekhar Das, H and Borah, K and Bora, K},
title = {Ensemble learning approach for detecting breast invasive ductal carcinoma from histopathological images.},
journal = {Pathology, research and practice},
volume = {272},
number = {},
pages = {156041},
doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2025.156041},
pmid = {40460639},
issn = {1618-0631},
abstract = {Invasive ductal carcinoma is a type of breast cancer that is one of the most frequent and aggressive forms of breast malignancy, necessitating accurate and timely diagnosis for effective treatment. Though considered the gold standard, traditional histopathological diagnosis is subject to inter-observer and intra-observer variability, potentially impacting patient outcomes. This study proposed an ensemble learning approach for classifying invasive ductal carcinoma to address these challenges. The proposed method combines the strengths of multiple deep-learning models to enhance diagnostic accuracy and robustness. We employed a diverse set of pre-trained convolutional neural networks, viz, ResNet50, Xception, MobileNetV2, VGG16, and VGG19, each trained on histopathological images of breast histology slides. These five different deep learning models were compared in this work, and the resulting inference results are also shown. Ensemble and a fine-tuning approach to transfer learning were also used to extract the best results. These models were evaluated using evaluation metrics like accuracy to see which one does the job best. The proposed weighted average ensemble algorithm achieved 97.27 % accuracy. Among all models, the ResNet50 model outperforms the other models in identifying invasive ductal carcinoma. Therefore, ResNet50 is the preferred model when accuracy is the top concern for a particular resolution image, and the weighted average ensemble approach enhances the performance of the proposed work. Our results indicate that the proposed ensemble approach decreases variability in diagnoses and advancements in accuracy. This method holds promise for enhancing the precision of breast cancer diagnostics, potentially leading to better patient management and outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40455366,
year = {2025},
author = {Qiu, X and Tian, B and Gu, Y and Yin, K and Zhao, J and Wang, J},
title = {Novel nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer-specific survival in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {984},
pmid = {40455366},
issn = {2730-6011},
support = {TRYJ2021JC18//Screening and preliminary functional analysis of specific metabolites of breast malignant tumors/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Currently, the clinical diagnosis and treatment for invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast (ILC) often draw on the treatment approaches used for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), despite significant differences between the two. Studies evaluating the risk and prognosis of ILC are limited; thus, our goal was to construct a predictive model for the prognosis of ILC.

METHODS: Clinical data of patients diagnosed with unilateral primary ILC from 2010 to 2015 were acquired from the SEER database. Independent prognostic factors affecting patients' overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were determined through univariate and multivariate analyses based on COX proportional hazards model and Fine-Gray competing risks model. Nomograms were constructed to forecast the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS and CSS of the patients.

RESULTS: A total of 6,616 patients with ILC were included, with 1,083 deaths, of which 541 were attributed to ILC, and 542 to other causes. The univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that age, N stage, stage, surgery, PR status, radiotherapy, and brain metastasis are independent risk factors for OS of ILC patients, while age, N stage, stage, surgery, PR status, and brain metastasis are independent risk factors for CSS of ILC patients. The C-index, area under the ROC curve, and calibration curve of the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS prediction models confirmed that it had good predictive capability.

CONCLUSIONS: This study has developed subtype-specific predictive models for OS and CSS of patients with ILC, offering clinicians a regimen. Reference for assessing patient prognosis and formulating individualized treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40452670,
year = {2025},
author = {Nishiyori, R and Goto-Umeki, M and Fujinaga-Tada, M and Takumi, Y and Osoegawa, A and Furukawa, R and Oyama, Y and Sakai, T and Hatano, Y},
title = {A Rare Case of Male Breast Cancer Presenting as a Superficial Pigmented Nipple Tumor: The Importance of a Deep Excisional Biopsy and Immunohistochemical Analysis in Diagnosis.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e83353},
pmid = {40452670},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Nipple lesions present diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical and histopathological features. A 65-year-old male presented with a black skin lesion on his right nipple, initially suspected to be malignant melanoma. Dermoscopy suggested basal cell carcinoma, while punch biopsy findings indicated sweat gland carcinoma with negative mammaglobin staining. However, total resection revealed cord-like invasion into the deep dermis near the mammary gland, and immunohistochemistry showed mammaglobin positivity, leading to a final diagnosis of solid-type invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of male nipple tumors and underscores the need for thorough histopathological and deep-layer assessment to distinguish breast cancer from cutaneous malignancies.},
}

@article {pmid40452312,
year = {2025},
author = {Grypari, IM and Pomoni, A and Tzelepi, V},
title = {Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: A comprehensive literature review focused on grading challenges and controversies.},
journal = {Histology and histopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {18939},
doi = {10.14670/HH-18-939},
pmid = {40452312},
issn = {1699-5848},
abstract = {Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is characterized by neoplastic cell proliferation within pre-existing ducts or acini, exhibiting architectural and cytological atypia exceeding that of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Its presence in needle biopsies and prostatectomies is associated with adverse clinical and pathological features, including large tumor volume, high grade, advanced stage, early biochemical recurrence, and intrinsic resistance to systemic therapy. Although rare, IDC-P can occasionally occur without concurrent invasive cancer or be associated with low-grade prostate cancer. Molecularly, IDC-P resembles its associated invasive carcinoma, sharing alterations typical of high-grade aggressive tumors. These findings support the hypothesis that IDC-P arises from the retrograde spread of invasive carcinoma, with ducts providing a protective niche against the tumor microenvironment. In contrast, isolated IDC-P and IDC-P associated with low-grade invasive carcinoma may represent precursor lesions. IDC-P must be distinguished from other intraductal lesions, both benign and malignant, particularly in needle biopsies, as its detection impacts therapeutic decisions. While grading does not apply to isolated IDC-P, there is an ongoing debate regarding IDC-P with synchronous invasive cancer. The International Society of Urological Pathology (2019) recommends incorporating IDC-P into Gleason score calculations, whereas the Genitourinary Pathology Society advises against grading it at all. Both approaches have merit, but further validation studies focusing on cases where IDC-P inclusion alters the final grade, though uncommon, are warranted.},
}

@article {pmid40449850,
year = {2025},
author = {Dubois, C and Chesnel, C and Teng, M and Vivier, M and Noël, C and Amarenco, G and Hentzen, C},
title = {Effect on sensory and motor parameters of a first intradetrusor botulinum neurotoxin A injection in patients with neurogenic bladder: a retrospective study.},
journal = {The French journal of urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102914},
doi = {10.1016/j.fjurol.2025.102914},
pmid = {40449850},
issn = {2950-3930},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Overactive bladder (OAB) is common in suprasacral neurological disorders and often associated with detrusor overactivity (DO). Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) is a second-line treatment inducing reversible chemical denervation. While its motor effects are well documented, its impact on sensory parameters in neurogenic bladder dysfunction remains poorly understood.

AIM: To evaluate sensory and motor bladder changes following BoNT-A injection in neurogenic DO (NDO).

METHOD: This retrospective single-center study included patients with NDO who received a first BoNT-A injection (from 2015 to 2024). Urodynamic assessments were performed pre- and 2-6 months post-injection. Changes in OAB symptoms and urodynamic parameters were analyzed, including sensory (first desire to void (FDV), strong desire to void (SDV)), and motor parameters (DO occurrence, volume at first involuntary detrusor contraction (IDC)).

RESULTS: Among 90 patients (mean age 50.4 ± 15.6 years, 61% female, 53 with multiple sclerosis, 35 with spinal cord injury), urgency and urgency urinary incontinence significantly decreased (from 84% to 52% and from 80% to 42%, respectively; p<0.001). DO occurrence declined from 97% to 42% (p<0.001). Bladder sensations (FDV and SDV) persisted in 84% of patients but were significantly delayed.

CONCLUSION: BoNT-A is an effective treatment for neurogenic overactive bladder in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury, improving both urgency and urinary incontinence. Its clinical efficacy is associated with resolution of detrusor overactivity, alongside with sensory changes. Preserved but delayed filling sensations after treatment suggests that BoNT-A may modulate afferent signaling. However, whether its clinical benefits are primarily driven by sensory modulation or motor inhibition remains uncertain.},
}

@article {pmid40441223,
year = {2025},
author = {Ma, X and Shi, W and Ren, N and Zhang, Y and Tian, X},
title = {Invasive ductal breast cancer with focal mucinous differentiation in a 38-year-old woman: Case report and literature review.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {22},
pages = {e42465},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000042465},
pmid = {40441223},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; *Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology/surgery ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: Breast cancer (BC) is a common malignant tumor with a poor prognosis that requires early treatment. Invasive ductal BC with focal mucinous differentiation in a 38-year-old woman is rarely reported.

PATIENT CONCERNS: A 38-year-old woman presented to our clinic 3 months after discovering a breast mass that had increased in size during this period. Enhanced computed tomography showed an irregular mass with lobulated edges and burrs at the 9 o'clock position on the patient's right breast. An early enhanced scan showed significant heterogeneous enhancement with continuous enhancement.

DIAGNOSES: The patient's postoperative pathology suggested that the patient had an infiltrating ductal BC with focal mucinous differentiation.

INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent right breast mass resection first. After the pathological diagnosis was confirmed, the patient underwent right breast resection and right axillary lymph node dissection.

OUTCOMES: The patient's postoperative recovery was good. To date, the patient has not experienced any symptoms of recurrence.

LESSONS: Owing to the poor prognosis of BC, patients with abnormal breast masses should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. Further prognosis research on the invasive ductal carcinoma with focal mucinous differentiation occurring in young individuals is warranted.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging
Adult
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/surgery/diagnostic imaging
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
*Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/pathology/surgery

@article {pmid40439394,
year = {2025},
author = {Khan, L and Khan, M and Shakeel, F and Ali, T and Hina, M and Arif, A and Rahim Sarfaraz, F and Tariq, M and Hafiz, A and Qureshi, BM and Abbasi, AN and Ali, N},
title = {Effect of DIBH Coaching on Dosimetric Parameters of Heart and Lung Doses in Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Breast Radiotherapy.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {1809-1813},
doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.5.1809},
pmid = {40439394},
issn = {2476-762X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Heart/radiation effects ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects/methods ; *Lung/radiation effects ; *Unilateral Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; *Organs at Risk/radiation effects ; *Breath Holding ; Follow-Up Studies ; *Mentoring/methods ; Adult ; *Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; *Radiation Injuries/prevention & control/etiology ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Radiation exposure to the heart in women with left-sided breast cancer can lead to cardiac disease and increased mortality. Several techniques, including deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH), have been used to reduce cardiac exposure during radiotherapy. DIBH coaching prior to radiation planning can further reduce cardiac doses. This study aims to compare heart and lung dosimetric parameters between coached and non-coached patients using the DIBH technique for left-sided breast cancer treatment.

METHODS: All patients with left-sided breast cancer who received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) using the DIBH were included. The first cohort, designated as the non-coached group, received verbal guidance on the breath hold technique but did not undergo formal coaching. The second cohort involved a comprehensive coaching protocol, which began in January 2022. This protocol, led by a physician, included demonstrations and instructions for performing the DIBH technique in the clinic and encouraged patients to practice at home before and during RT to optimize cardiac protection.

RESULTS: A total of 40 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study, with a mean age of 45.7 ± 8.38 years. Most patients had IDC and Stage II disease, and radiation was primarily delivered using 3DCRT with 4256 cGy in 16 fractions regimes. In terms of cardiac dose exposure, coached patients had slightly lower mean and maximum point cardiac doses, but these differences were not statistically significant. Coached patients also had a significantly lower mean V17 for left lung volume exposure compared to non-coached patients (18.3 vs. 21.6, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: DIBH coaching and home practice prior to RT planning can further reduce cardiac and lung doses, offering a cost-effective intervention, particularly in resource-limited settings, though further controlled studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are needed to assess its clinical impact.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Heart/radiation effects
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects/methods
*Lung/radiation effects
*Unilateral Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
Radiotherapy Dosage
*Organs at Risk/radiation effects
*Breath Holding
Follow-Up Studies
*Mentoring/methods
Adult
*Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
*Radiation Injuries/prevention & control/etiology
Prognosis

@article {pmid40437613,
year = {2025},
author = {Zheng, Y and Tang, H and Liu, Q and Zhang, Y and Zhao, P and Zhang, S and Wang, C},
title = {Mutational analysis and protein expression of PI3K/AKT pathway in four mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Diagnostic pathology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {68},
pmid = {40437613},
issn = {1746-1596},
support = {81672606//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZR2022MH206//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism/genetics ; Middle Aged ; *Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Mutation ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/analysis ; Aged ; Adult ; *Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Immunohistochemistry ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast (BMCA) is a rare neoplasm with few reports in the literature. Its molecular characteristics, prognosis, and treatment protocols are not well understood, and there is a lack of consensus concerning the optimal management of this condition.

METHODS: Four cases of clinical and pathological data were collected from 2018 to 2024. Next generation sequencing with a 654 cancer-associated gene panel was utilized to detect gene mutations. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate protein expression levels.

RESULTS: Firstly, we combined clinical imaging examinations and IHC to exclude the possibility of metastasis from ovarian or pancreatic origins. BMCA was composed of cystically dilated ducts lined by tall columnar mucin-containing epithelium. The morphological spectrum of MCA varied from MCA alone to MCA combined with carcinoma in situ (CIS) to MCA associated with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). ER/PR/HER2 and CK20 were all negative, while CK7 and GATA3 were positive by IHC in four cases. Although the prognosis of the other three patients was favorable during the follow-up periods of 13, 10, and 3 months, respectively, case 2# experienced a recurrence of the primary focus after 42 months. No lymphatic metastasis was identified in cases 1-4#. In addition, next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified 17 mutated genes and 25 mutation sites in four cases. TP53, PIK3CA, AKT, PTEN, and RB1 were the highest frequency mutated genes. Given that AKT mutations typically refer to AKT1(E17K) rather than AKT2 or AKT3, AKT protein expression was detected only in Case 2# (AKT1, E17K). PTEN protein was expressed in case 4# (corresponded to missense mutation), loss of PTEN expression were corresponding with splicing mutation in case1#. In brief, AKT and PTEN protein expression could be corresponded to gene mutation in a certain extent. However, PIK3CA protein expression was positive in Case 2# but negative in Case 1#, which did not fully accordance with the NGS-detected missense mutations. No associated germline variations were detected. Additionally, neither PDL-1 expression nor microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) status was identified.

CONCLUSION: The tumorigenesis and development of BMCA may be regulated to the PI3K/AKT pathway. Consequently, a comprehensive genetic analysis of more cases could elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this rare tumor.},
}

Humans
Female
*Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism/genetics
Middle Aged
*Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
DNA Mutational Analysis
Mutation
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/analysis
Aged
Adult
*Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism/genetics
Signal Transduction
Immunohistochemistry
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

@article {pmid40433185,
year = {2025},
author = {Rezaianzadeh, A and Hosseini-Bensenjan, M and Sephidbakht, S and Haghpanah, S and Khosravizadegan, Z and Asmarian, N and Ramzi, M},
title = {Bayesian Spatial Analysis of the Incidence Rate of Patients with Breast Cancer in Southern Iran.},
journal = {Iranian journal of medical sciences},
volume = {50},
number = {5},
pages = {316-323},
pmid = {40433185},
issn = {1735-3688},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Female ; Iran/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Bayes Theorem ; Adult ; Spatial Analysis ; Middle Aged ; Registries/statistics & numerical data ; Cohort Studies ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the female population, breast cancer is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer death. This study was designed to investigate the geographical pattern of breast cancer risk in different counties of Fars province in the south of Iran from 2001 to 2018.

METHODS: In this historical cohort study, data of Shiraz Population-Based Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2018 was used. The geographical variations of breast cancer incidence rate in 36 counties of Fars province were analyzed using the Bayesian spatiotemporal model.

RESULTS: Overall, the averages of relative risk (RR), temporal trend (TT), and δi for breast cancer were 1.59, 1.025, and 0.00 in the total female population; 1.21, 1.002, and 0.00 in the young female population (under 40 years of age); and 1.54, 1.02, and 0.00 in the female population with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), respectively. The steady increase in RR of breast cancer and IDC during 2001-2018 was observed in most counties located in the non-central part of the Fars geographic map. Moreover, a steady increase of young breast cancer RR was observed mainly in southern regions and some northern cities of Fars province.

CONCLUSION: Between 2001 and 2018 in Fars province, a steady annual increase of approximately 2% was observed in the total female population for all types of breast cancer, including IDC. High-risk areas, TTs, and changing patterns of breast cancer incidence were determined in this region. Furthermore, areas with a high risk of young breast cancer were identified, which requires special attention.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
Female
Iran/epidemiology
Incidence
Bayes Theorem
Adult
Spatial Analysis
Middle Aged
Registries/statistics & numerical data
Cohort Studies
Risk Factors
Aged

@article {pmid40427132,
year = {2025},
author = {Alloush, F and Bahmad, HF and Deb, A and Ocejo, S and Valencia, AK and Abulaban, A and Krishnamurthy, K and Alghamdi, S and Poppiti, R},
title = {Influence of Cancerization of Lobules in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast on the Pathological Outcomes in Mastectomy Specimens.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers17101634},
pmid = {40427132},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Cancerization of lobules (COL) is defined as the involvement of lobular acini by ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Whether it represents a morphological variation in DCIS or a secondary extension of DCIS into lobules is debatable. The relation between COL and the probability of invasion is conflicting among different studies. We assessed if COL is a predictor of adverse pathological outcomes in mastectomy specimens. We reviewed the clinicopathological data of patients who underwent partial or total mastectomy for DCIS during a 3-year period (January 2015 until December 2017). Pathological parameters and follow-up data were collected. Whole-tissue hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides were reviewed and re-evaluated for COL. Cases with COL were stained immunohistochemically for E-cadherin and p120 to confirm the ductal phenotype of the neoplasms. In total, 171 mastectomies were identified including 65 specimens with pure DCIS and 106 specimens with DCIS with invasive carcinoma. COL was identified in 73 specimens. COL was significantly associated with adverse pathological outcomes including higher DCIS nuclear grade (p-value = 0.006), central (expansive "comedo") necrosis (p-value = 0.008), presence of DCIS within or less than 2 mm from the surgical resection margin(s) (p-value = 0.004), higher percentage of blocks/slides with DCIS (p-value < 0.001), and extensive intraductal component (EIC) (applicable in cases with invasion) (p-value < 0.001). Invasion was seen in approximately two-thirds of the cases regardless of the presence of COL, with no statistical significance. Ninety-eight patients achieved 60 months of follow-up, of which only one patient developed local DCIS recurrence and had COL and EIC. Four other patients developed metastatic disease related to the invasive component. While other studies have previously hypothesized that COL may be associated with a worse pathological outcome at mastectomy, our results show that it may indeed be a measure of a higher disease burden representing EIC; however, it is not associated with an increased risk of detecting invasive carcinoma.},
}

@article {pmid40419691,
year = {2025},
author = {Shallah, AB and Zubir, F and Rahim, MKA and Jizat, NM and Basit, A and Yusof, KH and Majid, HA},
title = {Compact dual band crossover for 5G low and mid band applications using a metamaterial branch line coupler.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {18425},
pmid = {40419691},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {R.J090301.7823.4J610//Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia/ ; R.J090301.7823.4J610//Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia/ ; R.J090301.7823.4J610//Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, Wireless Communication Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia/ ; Q.J130000.3823.23H92//UTM Fundamental Research/ ; Q.J130000.3823.23H92//UTM Fundamental Research/ ; Q.J130000.3823.23H92//UTM Fundamental Research/ ; Q.J130000.3823.23H92//UTM Fundamental Research/ ; Q.J130000.3823.23H92//UTM Fundamental Research/ ; },
abstract = {This research paper introduces a compact dual-band crossover designed for the low and mid-band 5G frequencies at 0.7 GHz and 3.5 GHz. The innovative design is achieved by cascading two dual band branch-line couplers (BLCs), which utilize T-shaped transmission lines (TLs) with folded arms and stubs to reduce their overall footprint significantly. Additionally, the integration of metamaterial (MTM) structures, incorporating interdigital capacitor (IDC) unit cells, contributes to an impressive 90% size reduction compared to conventional components. The BLC's and crossover's performances were rigorously evaluated using CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS) simulations. Following successful simulations, the BLC and crossover were fabricated on a Rogers Duroid/RT5880 substrate, characterized by a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.787 mm. A thorough comparative analysis between the simulated and measured results, alongside similar reported works, signifies the exceptional performance of the proposed BLC and crossover. These findings confirm their suitability for sub-6 GHz 5G frequency spectrum applications.},
}

@article {pmid40418704,
year = {2025},
author = {Hassan, F and Zhang, H and Idiaquez, DW and Pakasticali, N and Hyjek, E and Hussaini, M},
title = {KRAS may facilitate transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to histiocytic sarcoma with indeterminate dendritic cell features.},
journal = {American journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ajcp/aqaf041},
pmid = {40418704},
issn = {1943-7722},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to histiocytic sarcoma (HS) with indeterminate dendritic cell (IDC) features.

METHODS: Extensive NGS-based genomic profiling was performed on samples of a patient who had CLL, secondary HS with IDC features, and CMML. Clonotypic evaluation of VDJ rearrangement status was performed to confirm clonal relatedness.

RESULTS: HS is a rare proliferation of malignant tissue histiocytes that is usually primary, although secondary HS exists and often demonstrates mutations in the Ras/Raf/MAPK or PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, but HS with indeterminate dendritic cell (IDC) features has not been previously reported. A 77-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presented with an oropharyngeal mass. Biopsy specimen showed large atypical histiocytic cells with oval-to-irregular indented nuclei. They were positive for CD33, CD4, CD68 (subset, weak), CD163 (subset, weak), BCL6, S100 (subset), CD1a, cyclin D1 (subset), and lysozyme (weak) but negative for Langerin, BRAF V600E, CD21, CD23, CD35, CD123, TCF4, TCL1, MPO, CD20, CD79a, CD10, MUM1, and BCL2. The patient was diagnosed with secondary HS with IDC features as well as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) in the bone marrow. Careful genomic dissection of all 3 types of malignant cells showed that SF3B1 p.E622D was present in both CLL and HS but not CMML. In addition, the HS acquired KRAS p.G13D, which we hypothesize drove the transdifferentiation of CLL to HS. Moreover, next-generation sequencing (NGS) clonotypic evaluation of variable-diversity-joining (VDJ) rearrangements in both the HS and CLL established relatedness but not the CMML.Conclusion: This is the first report of secondary HS with IDC features arising from CLL. We establish by both IGH NGS analysis and mutational profiling that the CLL and HS are clonally-related and posit that acquisition of KRAS p.G13D drove transdifferentiation. This has therapeutic implications for targeting the RAS-BRAF-MAPK-ERK pathway.},
}

@article {pmid40409270,
year = {2025},
author = {Trendel, J and Trendel, S and Sha, S and Greulich, F and Goll, S and Wudy, SI and Kleigrewe, K and Kubicek, S and Uhlenhaut, NH and Kuster, B},
title = {The human proteome with direct physical access to DNA.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2025.04.037},
pmid = {40409270},
issn = {1097-4172},
abstract = {In a human cell, DNA is packed with histones, RNA, and chromatin-associated proteins, forming a cohesive gel. At any given moment, only a subset of the proteome has physical access to the DNA and organizes its structure, transcription, replication, repair, and other essential molecular functions. We have developed a "zero-distance" photo-crosslinking approach to quantify proteins in direct contact with DNA in living cells. Collecting DNA interactomes from human breast cancer cells, we present an atlas of over one thousand proteins with physical access to DNA and hundreds of peptide-nucleotide crosslinks pinpointing protein-DNA interfaces with single-amino-acid resolution. Quantitative comparisons of DNA interactomes from differentially treated cells recapitulate the recruitment of key transcription factors as well as DNA repair proteins and uncover fast-acting restrictors of chromatin accessibility on a timescale of minutes. This opens a direct way to explore genomic regulation in a hypothesis-free manner, applicable to many organisms and systems.},
}

@article {pmid40407816,
year = {2025},
author = {Lu, D and Han, Y and Xu, R and Wang, C and Qin, M and Shi, J and Ye, F and Zhang, J and Luo, Z and Wang, Y and Lin, H and Jia, P and Zhu, J and Wang, C},
title = {Respiratory Transmission Potential of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus: Evidence from Intranasal Exposure in a Humanized Mouse Model.},
journal = {Emerging microbes & infections},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {2511134},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2025.2511134},
pmid = {40407816},
issn = {2222-1751},
abstract = {Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus (SFTSV) is a highly lethal pathogen with expanding endemic regions in Asia. While primarily transmitted by ticks, recent evidence suggests potential airborne transmission, raising significant public health concerns. This study investigates the potential for respiratory transmission and pathogenesis using humanized NCG mice inoculated with SFTSV via subcutaneous injection challenge (SIC) or intranasal drop challenge (IDC). Both groups demonstrated rapid systemic dissemination, marked by viremia, weight loss, and multi-organ injury, with hemorrhagic manifestations observed in high-dose infection groups. Histopathological evaluations revealed lung pathology in the intranasal drop challenge mice, including extensive alveolar disruption and inflammatory cell infiltration. Transcriptomic analyses further confirmed that respiratory route inoculation resulted in heightened expression of inflammatory signaling pathways such as IL-17 and NF-κB, potentially contributing to severe local immunopathology. Subcutaneous infection provoked an earlier systemic immune response, with significant upregulation of antigen-processing genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Nevertheless, both routes ultimately culminated in widespread injury to the liver, spleen, kidney, highlighting the systemic nature of SFTSV pathogenesis. These findings underscore the need for preventive strategies addressing respiratory spread.},
}

@article {pmid40406802,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, SV and Kishore Singh, B and Gopal Madakshira, M and Kumar, V and Kumar Mishra, S and Sati, A and V Kumar, N},
title = {Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography - computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) negative orbital metastasis secondary to breast carcinoma: a diagnostic pitfall.},
journal = {Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1080/01676830.2025.2507374},
pmid = {40406802},
issn = {1744-5108},
abstract = {Orbital metastases from breast carcinoma are uncommon and often present diagnostic challenges. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography - computed tomography (FDG PET-CT) is widely used in oncologic imaging, but may fail to detect small or metabolically inactive orbital lesions. We report a 41 -year-old female with a history of hormone receptor-positive invasive lobular breast carcinoma who presented with a painless progressive swelling of the lower eyelid and proptosis over 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) orbit revealed a lesion in the inferolateral aspect of the left lower eyelid and extraconal compartment of the left orbit. FDG PET-CT did not demonstrate any metabolic activity in the orbit. A biopsy was performed, confirming metastatic breast carcinoma. The patient underwent external beam radiotherapy directed at the eyelid and orbital region, resulting in a favorable clinical response. This case illustrates the limitations of FDG PET-CT in detecting orbital metastasis from breast carcinoma, particularly in lobular subtypes ,and emphasizes the importance of correlating imaging with clinical suspicion and biopsy in such clinical scenarios.Abbreviations: FDG PET-CT= Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography - computed tomography, MRI= Magnetic resonance imaging,ILC= Invasive lobular carcinoma, IDC= Invasive ductal carcinoma.},
}

@article {pmid40404608,
year = {2025},
author = {Tanabe, Y and Inoue, K and Takahashi, M and Mukai, H and Yamanaka, T and Egawa, C and Uchida, Y and Higashibeppu, Y and Sakata, Y and Sugawara, M and Tsurutani, J},
title = {Prognosis of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma and Effectiveness of Eribulin in Clinical Practice: A Post Hoc Analysis of a 2-Year Post-Marketing Surveillance.},
journal = {Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ajco.14189},
pmid = {40404608},
issn = {1743-7563},
support = {//Eisai Co., Ltd/ ; },
abstract = {AIM: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common breast cancer type after invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Eribulin mesylate (eribulin) is a non-taxane microtubule dynamics inhibitor approved for advanced or metastatic breast cancer, including ILC and IDC. However, real-world data from eribulin-treated patients with advanced or metastatic ILC are scarce.

METHODS: This post hoc analysis of a Japanese multicenter, prospective, observational post-marketing surveillance (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02371174) evaluated data from eribulin-treated patients with ILC or IDC. Overall survival (OS) from the initiation of first-line chemotherapy, OS from the first date of eribulin administration, and time-to-treatment failure (TTF) were evaluated. OS from eribulin initiation was also evaluated by line of eribulin treatment (first-line, second-line, and third-line or later). Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with ≥ 5% frequency in both groups were evaluated.

RESULTS: Among patients with ILC (n = 33) and IDC (n = 543), median OS from the initiation of first-line chemotherapy was 25.5 and 39.0 months, respectively (hazard ratio 1.94 [95% confidence interval 1.28-2.94]; p < 0.05), median OS from the first date of eribulin administration was 16.0 and 18.0 months, respectively (1.31 [0.87-1.97]), and TTF was 6 and 5 months (0.92 [0.65-1.32]). No significant differences were observed in median OS when stratified by line of eribulin treatment. Type and frequency of ADRs did not differ significantly between the groups.

CONCLUSION: OS and TTF after eribulin initiation were similar between ILC and IDC cases, suggesting that eribulin might be a beneficial treatment option for ILC.},
}

@article {pmid40399365,
year = {2025},
author = {Kondru, JB and Obulesu, YP},
title = {Comprehensive performance analysis of an electric vehicle using multi-mode Indian drive cycles.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {17699},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-02238-x},
pmid = {40399365},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The constant advancements in the research and development society of vehicle manufacturing made the customer's attention towards EV ownership due to the better economic profile in the view of maintenance and operations. Even though the vehicles have better features the performance of the EV can be estimated with the consideration of the designed drive cycle for the region. According to that the procurement of EVs should be in the approved range of drive cycles with the concern of application. Based on that the article has concentrated on the performance of EV in the view of driving range and energy consumption of the battery for passenger transport applications. To observe the operational attributes of EV the assessment methodology was implemented for three Indian drive cycles (IDC) specifically on IUDC, MIDC, and IHDC. The quantitative assessment has been applied for the specifications of a 106-kW drive powered by the 30.2 kWh battery EV in the operational sequence model of three driving scenarios (aggressive, moderate, and slow) for a distance of 100 km with a four-wheel structure. To provide the vehicle statistics the assessment attempts the execution of performance parameters pictorially with the logistics of software evaluations for a particular average speed range of 21.2-50.02 km/h. From the assessment, it can be realized that the energy consumption of batteries is allowable in the range of 0.129-0.171 kWh/km for EV four-wheelers.},
}

@article {pmid40395698,
year = {2025},
author = {Hamze, M and Alawa, J and Alahdab, F and Al-Shemali, A and Alhussein, AN and Arab, NMA and Galal, B and Debel, J and Jemo, A and Khalil, M and Chagpar, A and Atassi, B and Khoshnood, K and Abbara, A},
title = {Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Management in an Area of Protracted Conflict: A Case Series from Northwest Syria.},
journal = {Avicenna journal of medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9-16},
pmid = {40395698},
issn = {2231-0770},
abstract = {Background Breast cancer remains a significant public health challenge in conflict-affected regions. This study aims to investigate the impact of armed conflict on the burden of breast cancer in female patients in northwest Syria, focusing on clinical presentations, management, diagnosis, access to care, and treatment outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of breast cancer patients diagnosed at the Idlib Oncology Center between March 2017 and January 2022. Data were extracted from clinical files and analyzed in R. The study was conducted at the Idlib Oncology Center, the main referral center for cancer care in northwest Syria, serving a population of 4.6 million. Results A total of 192 patients were included, with a median age of 45.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 40-56). Of 108 patients, 56.5% were internally displaced. Most patients were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma (81.3%), and the majority presented at stages II and III (34.8 and 59%, respectively). Among 192 patients, 95.8% underwent surgery, with 96.6% having a mastectomy and 90.7% receiving chemotherapy. The median interval from symptom onset to diagnosis was 100.5 days, that from diagnosis to surgery was 14.5 days, and that from surgery to radiotherapy was 229 days. No significant effect was observed for chemical weapon exposure or family loss on survival. Displacement was associated with significantly lower predicted survival (p = 0.0038; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05064-0.2570). Conclusions This study highlights a high prevalence of late-stage breast cancer, a high rate of mastectomies, delayed access to radiotherapy, and long delays between diagnosis and treatment in northwest Syria. Displacement negatively affects survival rates. Additionally, the substantial lack of radiotherapy in patients needing it and prolonged intervals between treatments contribute to poorer outcomes. Establishing localized oncology services and increasing funding for cancer medications and radiotherapy would improve access to necessary oncology care in this region.},
}

@article {pmid40394843,
year = {2025},
author = {Raeisi, N and Saber Tanha, A and Jafari Zarrin Ghabaei, F and Barashki, S and Aryana, K},
title = {Favorable Palliative Effect of 177Lu-FAPI-2286 in Two Breast Cancer Patients With Refractory Bone Pains.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000005753},
pmid = {40394843},
issn = {1536-0229},
abstract = {We present 2 women with advanced invasive ductal carcinoma who developed skeletal metastases despite extensive treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Both patients experienced debilitating pain and were evaluated for bone palliation therapy using 177Lu-FAPI-2286, after 99mTc-FAPI-46 scintigraphy showed suitable uptake. Remarkably, both patients reported significant pain relief shortly after treatment. The only adverse effect noted was grade III thrombocytopenia in 1 patient. These cases highlight the potential of 177Lu-FAPI-2286 in providing rapid and effective palliation for breast cancer patients suffering from refractory pain, suggesting further investigation into its role in theranostics and palliative care. In this report, we also conducted a comprehensive literature review on radio-ligand therapy with 177Lu-FAPI in breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40392351,
year = {2025},
author = {Hu, P and Wu, X and Li, Y and Wei, F and Zeng, S and Xiao, Y and Liu, X and Liu, Z},
title = {Survival outcomes and prognostic factors of breast cancer spinal metastases: a retrospective study.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {825},
pmid = {40392351},
issn = {2730-6011},
support = {BYSYZD2022023//Peking University Third Hospital/ ; Y73504-10//Peking University Third Hospital/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate survival-related factors in patients with breast cancer spinal metastases (BCSM) within the context of multidisciplinary treatment.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 78 cases from July 2010 to December 2021 was recruited. These patients underwent surgery-based multidisciplinary treatment. Collected data included demographics, pathologies, symptoms, surgery-related data, adjuvant therapies, postoperative events, and survival data. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. Univariate analysis employed the log-rank test, and post-hoc multivariate analysis utilized the Cox regression model.

RESULTS: The mean age was 50.9 years. 72 cases (92.3%) reported locoregional pain, and 30 cases (38.5%) presented with neurological dysfunction. The primary pathological subtype was invasive ductal carcinoma (83.3%).

SURGICAL PROCEDURES: total en-bloc spondylectomy (6.4%), debulking surgery (61.5%), palliative surgery (32.1%). Postoperatively, both pain and neurological function significantly improved (P < 0.05). Radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, chemotherapy/targeted therapy were given to 56.4%, 60.3%, 61.5% patients, respectively. The estimated OS was 50.0 months. Tomita's scores (P = 0.355) and Tokuhashi's scores (P = 0.461) showed no significant OS association. Univariate analysis indicated that preoperative neurological dysfunction (P = 0.003), postoperative neurological dysfunction (P = 0.051), adjuvant endocrine therapy (P = 0.025), and hormone receptor expression status (P = 0.009) were associated with patient survival. Multivariate analysis identified endocrine therapy as an independent protective factor for prognosis (aHR = 0.070, 95% CI 0.007-0.727, P = 0.026).

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with BCSM have experienced prolonged survival. Neurological status, adjuvant anti-drugs, and expression of hormone receptors played crucial roles in predicting survival. Conventional prognostic systems may require modification to incorporate these factors. However, this study has limitations inherent to its retrospective design, single-center cohort, and relatively small sample size, which may affect generalizability.},
}

@article {pmid40389885,
year = {2025},
author = {Ndlovu, AK and Kasvosve, I and Rantshabeng, PS and Sharma, K and Govender, D and Naidoo, R},
title = {Female breast cancer classification using immunohistochemistry biomarkers staining in Botswana.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {893},
pmid = {40389885},
issn = {1471-2407},
support = {PhD Scholarship//University of Botswana, Human resources/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Botswana/epidemiology ; *Breast Neoplasms/classification/pathology/metabolism ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry/methods ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Aged ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer remains the most diagnosed cancer among women world-wide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths accounting for 15% of deaths in 2018. Worldwide, the incidence increased from 1.4 million in 2011 to over 2 million in 2018 with a concomitant increase in mortality from 458,400 to 626,679 in the same period. Low- and middle-income countries, such as Botswana, have a disproportionate burden of breast cancer incidence and mortality and there is an urgent need to characterise the unique tumour molecular profiles that may be influencing mortality in these populations. Methods A retrospective study of 125 archived mastectomy specimens (from 2006 to 2009) from women with breast cancer in Botswana was conducted. We determined molecular characteristics of breast cancers by carrying out four immunohistochemistry (IHC)classification (PR, ER, HER2 receptors and Ki 67), cytokeratin 5/6 and EGFR1.Statistical software STATA and SPSS were used to determine the relationship between histology, IHC of biomarkers of interest. Results Out of 125 breast cancer tissues, the distribution of molecular subtypes were as follows: Luminal A (44/125; 35.2%), Luminal B (and TNBC (23/125; 18,4%), HER2 Enriched (17/125; 13.6%), and Luminal B HER2 Enriched (9/125; 7.2%), Basal (9/125; 7.2%), and CK5/6 was expressed by 12.8% (16/125) of tumours. Furthermore 6% of the tumours were basal positive luminal tumours. Morphological 76% of tumours were IDC-NOS and 24% were special type, majority were grade 2 (40%) followed by grade 1(30.4%), grade 3 (23.2%) was and mucinous types were 6.4%. Clinical staging and tumour involvement data were incomplete. Conclusion The discovery of basal positive luminal breast tumours in women from Botswana original not accounted for in the four distinct molecular subtype calls for an expanded antibody panel 6-IHC panel) in order to stratify women of African descent patients into good/poor prognostic groups. Characterising tumour subtypes will better inform optimal therapeutic regimens for women with breast cancer in Botswana.},
}

Humans
Female
Botswana/epidemiology
*Breast Neoplasms/classification/pathology/metabolism
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
Immunohistochemistry/methods
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Adult
Aged
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism

@article {pmid40386043,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, Y and Hu, X and Xiong, H and Zeng, L and Peng, Y and Su, T},
title = {CEP55 as a prognostic indicator and a predictive marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma.},
journal = {International journal of medical sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {10},
pages = {2446-2459},
pmid = {40386043},
issn = {1449-1907},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mouth Neoplasms/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics/diagnosis ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics ; *Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Prognosis ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Aged ; *Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Objective: To investigate the role of CEP55 in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Through the utilization of the online OSCC database and bioinformatic analysis, we examine CEP55 expression and its correlation with prognosis, pathways, and immune infiltration. CEP55 and other biomarkers were stained using immunohistochemical methods in 57 cases of OSCC and 44 cases of adjacent paired tissues, demonstrating the clear involvement of CEP55. Results: The expression levels of CEP55 were significantly higher in OSCC tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, higher levels of CEP55 were associated with a worse prognosis. CEP55 expression levels were significantly higher in OSCC tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, higher levels of CEP55 were associated with a worse prognosis. GSEA results indicated a correlation between CEP55 and the cell cycle. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a significant positive correlation between CEP55 and cell cycle-related protein markers (PCNA, P16, P21, and P53). Furthermore, CEP55 was found to significantly inhibit tumor immune infiltration. As a result, CEP55 expression decreased infiltration of 9 types of immune cells (iDC, mast cells, pDC, DC, Th17 cells, TFH, Treg, T cells, and neutrophils), while increasing infiltration of only 3 types of immune cells (Tcm, T Helper cells, and Th2 cells). Conclusion: The results suggest that CEP55 plays a crucial role in the progression of OSCC promoting cell cycle progression and suppressing immune infiltration.},
}

Humans
*Mouth Neoplasms/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics/diagnosis
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics
*Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Prognosis
Female
Male
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Aged
*Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
Immunohistochemistry
*Nuclear Proteins/metabolism

@article {pmid40385773,
year = {2025},
author = {Mokhtar, J and Almarzooqi, S and Tahlak, S and Grassi, V},
title = {Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator Flap for Enhanced Aesthetic Outcomes in Breast-Conserving Surgery.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {e82354},
pmid = {40385773},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (O-BCS) combines oncological safety with superior aesthetic outcomes, enabling women to maintain their breast contour following partial mastectomy and other procedures. The lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flap, a muscle-sparing technique, is a procedure that utilizes excess soft tissue below the armpit to fill the cavity remaining after a lumpectomy for tumors located in the outer quadrant of the breast. We present an exemplary case of a 45-year-old female who underwent O-BCS for multifocal invasive ductal carcinoma, followed by reconstruction with the LICAP flap. The patient exhibited exceptional aesthetic outcomes following the LICAP flap procedure, preserving a natural breast contour while achieving clear surgical margins and eliminating residual cancer tissue. The efficacy and versatility of the LICAP flap technique qualify it as an effective approach that addresses the reconstructive aspects of oncoplastic breast surgery, while also achieving a successful oncological response.},
}

@article {pmid40379596,
year = {2025},
author = {Soran, A and Gultekin, MB and Venkatesulu, BP and Barry, PN and King, C and Bhargava, R and Karanlik, H and Yildiz, F and Soyder, A and Goktepe, B and Senol, K and Guzel, C and Sen, E and Yeniay, L and Dag, A and Trabulus, DC and Coskun, A and Veliyeva, H and Utkan, Z and Demirors, B and Sezgin, E and Vargo, JA},
title = {Biologically Informed Decision-Making for PMRT in pT3N0M0 Luminal Breast Cancers (Protocol MF22-02): International Multicenter Real-World Data.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2025.04.012},
pmid = {40379596},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Current guidelines do not list definitive recommendations for postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in patients with luminal pT3N0M0 breast cancer (BC). Increased data suggests de-escalation of radiation therapy (RT) in genomically defined biologically favorable luminal BCs. The goal of this study is to determine whether PMRT can be safely omitted for this specific subgroup of patients.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two hundred and 2 women from 16 centers with pT3N0M0 hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2 negative BC who underwent mastectomy were retrospectively analyzed. No patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Three patients were excluded because of positive surgical margins. Patients were divided into 2 groups: PMRT (n = 130) and no PMRT (n = 69). Groups were compared in terms of overall survival (OS), loco-regional recurrence (LRR) rate, and distant metastases (DM) in light of the Magee Equations Score (MS), menopausal status/age, axillary surgery, pathology, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), adjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant endocrine therapy.

RESULTS: The majority of the patients had invasive ductal carcinoma (49%, n = 98). There was no significant difference regarding tumor size, axillary surgery, and adjuvant endocrine therapy between the 2 groups (P = .82, P = .28, P = .12, respectively). LVI was 19% (n = 39), and it was greater in the PMRT group (25% vs. 10%; P = .01). Patients in the PMRT group received more chemotherapy (66% vs. 30%; P < .001), had more grade 3 tumors (28% vs. 9%, P = .005), and were more premenopausal (49% vs. 22%; P = .0001). At a median follow-up of 51.3 months for the no PMRT group and 65.9 months for the PMRT group (P = .041), 9% (n = 6) of patients from the no PMRT group and 2% (n = 3) from the PMRT group developed LRR (P = .047). There was no difference in local recurrence (1% in no PMRT group vs. 2% in PMRT group; P = .7) and distant recurrence (7% in no PMRT group vs. 3% in PMRT group; P = .16) in patients who received PMRT and no PMRT. Further comparison of the LRR in the no PMRT and PMRT groups in patients with an MS < 18 did not show a significant difference (3% vs. 4%; P = .64). However, among patients with an MS ≥ 18, no PMRT group had a higher LRR rate compared to the PMRT group (11% vs. 2%; P = .01). In patients with an MS ≥ 18, the administration of PMRT correlates with statistically significantly better LRR-free survival (HR 0.19; 95% CI 0.05-0.79; P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings imply that when considering PMRT for patients with pT3N0M0, HR-positive, and HER2-negative BC, clinicians can benefit from a combination of pathological risk factors and recurrence prediction models. Patients with MS < 18 experience a comparable rate of recurrence irrespective of PMRT, while those with MS ≥ 18 have higher rates of LRR and thus should not omit PMRT.},
}

@article {pmid40376199,
year = {2025},
author = {Bian, Y and Song, C and Nie, Y and Shen, X and Hui, F and Yu, G},
title = {Breast cancer metastasis to the nasopharynx: A case report.},
journal = {Oncology letters},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {331},
pmid = {40376199},
issn = {1792-1082},
abstract = {Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, with metastasis posing a significant clinical challenge. However, spread to the nasopharynx and nasal cavity is exceptionally rare. The current study presents the case of a 53-year-old woman diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast, which later metastasized to the nasopharynx. Despite undergoing modified radical mastectomy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, the patient developed symptoms indicative of distant metastasis. The present study reviews the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for such rare occurrences, offering insights into effective management. The study analyzes this case alongside previously reported instances with the aim of enhancing awareness and facilitating early detection and intervention.},
}

@article {pmid40367329,
year = {2025},
author = {Úbeda, B and Mensión, E and Ganau, S and Sitges, C and Macedo, M and Gasior, DM and Cebrecos, I and Sanfeliu, E and Bargalló, X},
title = {Second-Look Ultrasound: When Things Are Not Always as They Seem.},
journal = {Ultrasound quarterly},
volume = {41},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40367329},
issn = {1536-0253},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; *Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Image-Guided Biopsy ; },
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to compare size, morphologic features, and degree of suspicion between findings at second-look ultrasound (SL-US) and additional lesions with histological confirmation detected on breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We performed an observational retrospective study including women who underwent SL-US between January 2021 and August 2022. Size, morphology according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon, and BI-RADS categories were analyzed for MRI and US findings. Two hundred twenty-four consecutive patients (aged 29-88 years; mean, 59.2 years) underwent SL-US to identify 235 additional lesions detected on MRI. US identified 173 (73.6%) findings. US- guided biopsy was performed in 148 (85.5%) of the detected lesions, proving 56 (37.8%) malignant and 92 (62.2%) benign. Mean size was 15.2 mm on MRI and 9.4 mm on US. Foci and masses showed good correlation, whereas nonmass enhancements tended to appear larger on MRI, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Morphology showed a higher agreement in the case of foci and masses than with nonmass enhancements. BI-RADS categories agreed in 66 cases (44.6%), whereas in 61 cases (41.2%), the degree of suspicion was higher for MRI, and in only 21 cases (14.2%) were lesions more suspicious on US than on MRI. In conclusion, lesions detected at SL-US show a higher agreement in size and morphologic features for foci and masses than with nonmass enhancements and similar or lower degree of suspicion than on MRI; therefore, decision to perform a biopsy should be based primarily on MRI findings.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
Aged
Retrospective Studies
Adult
*Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Aged, 80 and over
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Image-Guided Biopsy

@article {pmid40364451,
year = {2025},
author = {Nourbakshs, M and Du, L and Acosta, AM and Alaghehbandan, R and Amin, A and Amin, MB and Aron, M and Berney, D and Brimo, F and Chan, E and Cheng, L and Colecchia, M and Dhillon, J and Downes, MR and Evans, AJ and Harik, LR and Hassan, O and Haider, A and Humphrey, PA and Jha, S and Kandukuri, S and Kao, CS and Kaushal, S and Khani, F and Kryvenko, ON and Kweldam, C and Lal, P and Lobo, A and Maclean, F and Magi-Galluzzi, C and Mehra, R and Miyamoto, H and Mohanty, SK and Montironi, R and Nesi, G and Netto, GJ and Nguyen, JK and Nourieh, M and Osunkoya, AO and Paner, GP and Sangoi, AR and Shah, RB and Srigley, JR and Tretiakova, M and Troncoso, P and Trpkov, K and Van Der Kwast, TH and Zhang, M and Zynger, DL and Williamson, SR and Giannico, GA},
title = {Current practices in prostate pathology reporting: results from a survey of genitourinary and general pathologists.},
journal = {Histopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/his.15469},
pmid = {40364451},
issn = {1365-2559},
abstract = {AIMS: Standardizing pathology reporting protocols through peer consensus review is critical for the best quality of care metrics. Reporting heterogeneity due to discrepancies among professional societies and practice patterns may lead to heterogeneous management and treatment approaches. This issue prompted a multi-institutional survey of pathologists to address potential similarities or differences in trends and practice patterns in prostate pathology reporting worldwide.

METHODS AND RESULTS: A REDCap survey was distributed among 175 pathologists worldwide, recruited through invitations and social media. The response rate among invited pathologists was 83%. The practice locations were as follows: North America (USA, Canada, and Mexico, 62%), Europe (17%), Australia/New Zealand (3%), Central/South America (2%), Asia (13%), and Africa (2%). Most pathologists practiced for <5 years (28%). A genitourinary (GU) pathology fellowship was completed by 37%, 58% practiced in a subspecialized setting, and 43% in academia. Reporting includes (63%) or subtracts (37%) intervening benign tissue. Both Gleason score and Grade Groups (GG)s were reported by 96% of responders, whereas 94% report percent pattern 4 (%4). Aggregate grading and volume estimation in undesignated cores with different grades in the same jar are reported by 73% and 54% for systematic biopsies, and 83% and 62% for targeted biopsies, respectively. Cribriform morphology was reported by 81%. For presumed intraductal carcinoma (IDC), 89% use basal cell markers when isolated (iIDC), 82% with GG1 cancer, and 37% with ≥GG2. iIDC or IDC associated with GG1 or with ≥GG2 was not graded by 90%, 78%, and 70%, respectively. In radical prostatectomies, 90% report %4, but only 53% report it if the overall grade is ≥7. A tumour with Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 and <5% pattern 4 was graded as GG2 by 64%. A <5% cutoff for defining tertiary pattern was used by 74%, and 80% report >5% pattern 4 or 5 as a secondary pattern. Grading was assigned based on the dominant nodule by 59%. Finally, reporting practices were significantly associated with demographic characteristics.

CONCLUSIONS: Although most issues are agreed upon, significant discordance is identified among societies and pathologists in different practice settings. We hope this survey will serve as the basis for future studies and new collaborative approaches to more standardized reporting practices.},
}

@article {pmid40360413,
year = {2025},
author = {Sakurai, K and Suzuki, S and Adachi, K and Hirano, T and Kubota, H and Sakamoto, A and Osakaya, A and Fujisaki, S and Ono, T and Tsuji, T},
title = {[A Case of Thyroid Cancer Discovered Incidentally after Breast Cancer Surgery].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {4},
pages = {339-341},
pmid = {40360413},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnosis ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology ; Incidental Findings ; Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroidectomy ; Mastectomy ; *Carcinoma/surgery ; },
abstract = {The patient was a 51-year-old woman. A left breast tumor was detected during a health checkup and the patient was referred to our hospital. Upon arrival, a mobile mass measuring 17 mm in diameter was palpable in the CD region of the left breast. The mammogram showed a sawtooth mass. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic mass with abundant blood flow. Needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma. Systemic examination revealed masses in both thyroid lobes, and a fine-needle aspiration cytology diagnosis showed it to be benign. A left circular mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed. Pathological examination revealed a resection margin negative, ER negative, PgR negative, HER2 negative invasive ductal carcinoma, with a tumor diameter of 20 mm and 17.2% Ki-67 positivity. Thirty months after surgery, the left thyroid tumor showed a tendency to grow, and fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed again, which revealed a papillary carcinoma. A left thyroid lobectomy and lymph node dissection were performed. Pathological examination revealed that the patient had papillary thyroid cancer, T1aN0M0=Stage Ⅰ(<55y). Currently, 3 years after surgery, there is no evidence of metastasis or recurrence of either cancer.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnosis
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology
Incidental Findings
Carcinoma, Papillary/surgery
Thyroid Cancer, Papillary
Thyroidectomy
Mastectomy
*Carcinoma/surgery

@article {pmid40352795,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, SR and Lee, JH and Kang, HJ},
title = {Tumors arising from an axillary accessory breast: a 10-year retrospective cohort study at a single center.},
journal = {Annals of surgical treatment and research},
volume = {108},
number = {5},
pages = {302-309},
pmid = {40352795},
issn = {2288-6575},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Pathologic lesions may occur in an axillary accessory breast (AAB). This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of tumors arising from AABs and to recommend appropriate treatment.

METHODS: This retrospective study involved 3,544 women (18-65 years old) with AAB at Damsoyu Hospital in Korea from 2014 to 2023. The patients were divided into an AAB with benign tumors (TAAB) group and an AAB without tumors (AAB) group, and the tumors' pathologies were reviewed. A core biopsy was performed on tumors with possible malignancy identified by preoperative ultrasonography. All patients underwent complete excision of accessory mammary gland (AMG) tissue, including tumors. The postoperative results were checked 6 months after surgery.

RESULTS: Fifty-two out of 3,554 patients had tumors confirmed by preoperative ultrasonography. Preoperative core biopsies were performed on 11 patients. Two patients had malignant tumors (invasive ductal carcinoma) identified by core biopsy. Fifty patients had benign tumors identified by postoperative pathological analysis (46 fibroadenomas, 2 fibrocystic changes, and 2 sclerosing adenoses). Carcinoma in situ was confirmed in 2 patients using postoperative pathological analysis. No patients in either group developed tumors in the axilla during the follow-up period. All patients were satisfied with the axillary pain relief and the disappearance of bulging lesions.

CONCLUSION: We recommend a core biopsy if preoperative ultrasonography indicates a possibly malignant tumor. AAB patients may experience tumors, pain, and bulging appearance of an AMG; thus, complete AMG excision is necessary.},
}

@article {pmid40350661,
year = {2025},
author = {Farzan, JJ and Guart, JA and Kulkarni, N and Roberts, S and De la Cruz-Ku, G and Czerniach, DR and Dinh, KH},
title = {Managing Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infection in Breast Cancer: A Case of Emergency Toilet Mastectomy.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {e946669},
doi = {10.12659/AJCR.946669},
pmid = {40350661},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/complications/pathology ; Aged ; *Mastectomy/methods ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/complications ; *Soft Tissue Infections/surgery/etiology ; Debridement ; Necrosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND This case report presents a rare instance of advanced breast cancer presenting with superimposed necrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI) and sepsis, uniquely managed with an emergency toilet mastectomy. Toilet mastectomies have become increasingly rare and controversial in modern surgical oncology and are generally limited to palliative indications. This report contributes to the limited literature on NSTI of the breast in the setting of malignancy and highlights the potential utility of toilet mastectomy as a palliative option for carefully selected patients with advanced breast cancer complicated by infection. CASE REPORT A 71-year-old woman presented with a large fungating right breast mass after 50 years of receiving no health care. She was septic, with clinical signs of NSTI. Emergency surgical intervention involved a toilet mastectomy with extensive debridement. Histopathological analysis confirmed high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with skin involvement, ER/PR-positive, HER2-negative, pT4bN0Mx. Cultures were consistent with type 1 NSTI. The postoperative course was complicated, requiring prolonged ICU care, multiple debridements, and advanced wound management. Significant complications included septic shock, acute kidney injury, and wound dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS This case is notable for 3 key aspects: (1) NSTI and sepsis are rare but serious complications of advanced breast cancer, underscoring the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for this condition; (2) timely and aggressive management of NSTI, regardless of its association with underlying malignancy, is critical for reducing morbidity and mortality; and (3) toilet mastectomy, although less commonly performed today, remains an appropriate palliative intervention in select cases.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/complications/pathology
Aged
*Mastectomy/methods
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/complications
*Soft Tissue Infections/surgery/etiology
Debridement
Necrosis

@article {pmid40341568,
year = {2025},
author = {Lossos, C and Sanchez, S and Nonogaki, H and Gabrielson, E and Cimino-Mathews, A and Maleki, Z},
title = {Assessment of ER, PR and HER2 on cell blocks and core needle biopsies in metastatic breast cancer: a real-world experience.},
journal = {Acta cytologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-18},
doi = {10.1159/000546274},
pmid = {40341568},
issn = {1938-2650},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) plays a crucial role in the management of patients with metastatic breast cancer. Herein we report our experience on ER, PR and HER2 immunostains on cell block and core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens of metastatic breast cancers.

METHODS: Cytological samples of metastatic breast cancer with associated cell blocks or core needle biopsies were identified on which ER, PR, or HER2 were ordered from 2019 to 2021. Both fine needle aspiration specimens and body effusion fluids were included. Patients' demographics, cancer histological subtype, biopsy site, specimen type (cell block or CNB) for immunohistochemistry and ER, PR and HER2 expression were recorded.

RESULTS: 192 specimens from 177 patients were identified. Patients' mean age was 58.5 years (range 24-96). The majority of samples were obtained from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. Staining was performed on core biopsies (n=74/192, 38.5%) and on cell blocks (n=118/192, 61.5%). Pleural fluid (n=75) was the most commonly sampled site followed by the liver (n=48) and lymph nodes (n=44). ER, PR and HER2 were positive in 76.3%, 79.3% and 13.2% of samples, respectively. Concordantly, ER+PR+HER2- was the most common sample phenotype. Seven samples had insufficient tissue to evaluate ER, PR or HER2 status.

CONCLUSION: ER, PR and HER2 immunohistochemical staining can be performed on cell block or CNB specimens of metastatic breast cancer and can provide reliable information to clinicians for optimal patient care. .},
}

@article {pmid40340873,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, Y and Ali, H and Hu, Z and Sun, H},
title = {Sarcoid-like Reaction in Breast Cancer Tumor Bed and Axillary Lymph Nodes Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Annals of clinical and laboratory science},
volume = {55},
number = {2},
pages = {281-285},
pmid = {40340873},
issn = {1550-8080},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/surgery ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects ; *Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Axilla/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; *Sarcoidosis/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology ; },
abstract = {Although granulomatous change is not commonly seen in breast cancer tumor bed and/or lymph node after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT), they may mimic lymph node metastasis or tumor progression or recurrence. We present a case of diffuse sarcoid-like reaction (SLR) developed in both the breast tumor bed and axillary lymph nodes after NCT. A postmenopausal Hispanic woman presented with a 11.4 cm left breast mass with swollen lymph nodes in her left axilla. A core biopsy of the breast mass was performed, leading to the diagnosis of grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma. The tumor is negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receoptor-2 overexpression. The patient received NCT with three cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by weekly paclitaxel for 12 weeks. After NCT, the tumor in her left breast significantly reduced in size, but the lymph nodes remained swollen. She subsequently underwent left modified radical mastectomy. Histological examination of the treated tumor bed revealed residual invasive tumor with frequent non-caseating granulomatous change. The granulomatous reaction was also seen in several axillary lymph nodes, of which only one had residual metastatic tumor cells. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, sarcoidosis, and infective etiologies were excluded based on the patient's medical history, imaging, and histological findings. We report a case of localized SLR in response to NCT in breast cancer tumor bed and axillary lymph nodes. Recognizing this feature is important to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment of SLR as residual cancer.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/surgery
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects
*Lymph Nodes/pathology
Axilla/pathology
Middle Aged
Lymphatic Metastasis
*Sarcoidosis/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology

@article {pmid40337425,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohamed, NMI and Yousif, AME},
title = {The yield of axillary clearance in breast cancer in Khartoum locality -Sudan: a cross-sectional study.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {87},
number = {5},
pages = {2589-2601},
pmid = {40337425},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Axillary clearance is an established part of the management of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the number of retrieved lymph nodes (LNs) after axillary clearance surgery.

METHODS: Over a 2-year period (January 2020-December 2022), data from 96 patients, who underwent axillary clearance surgery in Khartoum locality, were collected. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the yield of axillary clearance.

RESULTS: The mean of total number of retrieved LNs was 12.8, the mean of positive LNs was 2.6. There was statistical correlation between the total number of retrieved LNs and total number of positive LNs (P = 0.000). 53.1% of patients had stage II breast cancer, with 91% of them having invasive ductal carcinoma. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreased the total number of retrieved LNs (P = 0.001). No statistically significant correlation was found between previous axillary surgery and the number of the retrieved LNs (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: There were enough axillary LNs for histological studies; the total number of positive LNs increased with the increase in total number of retrieved LNs. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy reduced the yield of axillary clearance.},
}

@article {pmid40337059,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, N and Gera, K and Patel, P and Lakhera, KK and Singh, S and Gurjar, B and Kumar, A and Singhal, P and Gora, B and Sharma, RG},
title = {From Statistics to Stories: Unveiling the Epidemiology of Breast Carcinoma in Northwestern India.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {543-549},
pmid = {40337059},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {After receiving the pathology report for breast cancer, the first question most patients ask their doctor is about their journey ahead. The type of cancer and how it spreads can give us an idea of what to expect during follow-up. Unfortunately, there is a lack of reporting, management, and documentation of breast cancer cases in India, resulting in a shortage of information on the different types of breast cancer. To address this issue, a study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the pattern of breast carcinoma in Northwestern India. A total of 2619 breast cancer pathology reports were gathered from four major diagnostic centres in Northwest India. Out of all breast cancer patients, 97.74% (2560) were women, while men accounted for only 2.25% (59) of the sample. At the time of diagnosis, 72% of patients were in stages III and IV, while only 28% of patients were in the early stages of cancer (stages I and II). The most common type of breast cancer was infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC), which constituted 80.71% (2114/2619) of all malignant lesions. infiltrating lobular carcinoma was the second most common pathology, accounting for 5.38% (141/2619) of all cases. The rarer pathologies had a presentation rate below 10%. Our study revealed the most common symptom as a painless lump. Significant majority presented in advanced stages. An alarming 20% presented with foul-smelling ulceration or fungation of the skin. Varied presentations of breast cancer subtypes were evident. As the age-old saying goes-the 'most common' is often ignored as a large portion of the researcher's attention is focused on 'rarer stuff'. Similarly, IDC being the commonest deserves most of our attention. Not just the histology but its grades too. The lack of awareness regarding the risk factors and early detection methods of breast cancer is unfortunately even prevalent in 49% of healthcare workers. What India needs are more data reporting, timely diagnostic strategies, standardized reporting for pathology, and guideline-based management strategies. Increasing data collection electronically in the coming years will help India in displaying more data.},
}

@article {pmid40337051,
year = {2025},
author = {Pai, S and Murthy, SV},
title = {Molecular Subtypes and Ki-67 index in Breast Carcinoma with Special Emphasis on Triple Negative Breast Cancer. A 3-year Study in a Tertiary Care Center.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {478-490},
doi = {10.1007/s13193-023-01773-1},
pmid = {40337051},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Molecular subtyping of breast carcinoma and Ki-67 index has gained prominence in the recent past, as conventional factors such as surgical margins, tumor size, grade and lymph node involvement, are not sufficient to assess prognosis and make better therapeutic decisions. These subtypes include Luminal A, Luminal B, Triple Negative breast cancer (TNBC), and HER2-enriched subtypes. This study aimed to analyze the molecular subtypes and Ki-67 index in prognosis of breast carcinoma.

METHOD: This retrospective study was conducted in the department of Pathology in a tertiary care center over a period of 3 years. All invasive breast carcinomas (IDC) which were molecularly subtyped and Ki-67 indexed were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Out of 253 cases, 231 cases (91.3%) were IDC-NST and 22 cases (8.7%) were special types. Metaplastic and papillary tumors were associated with higher grade and high Ki-67 value. TNBC (35.2%) showing a majority of high-grade tumors, was the most prevalent subtype followed by Luminal A (32%) showing low grade, unlike other studies which showed luminal A to be most common subtype. The rare PR positive subtype was also observed in our study.

CONCLUSION: TNBC and HER 2-positive subtypes exhibited bad prognosis with higher histological grade, high Ki-67 index and higher age at presentation whereas Luminal A subtype, with lower grade and low Ki-67 index showed better prognosis. Thus, this vast array of predictive and prognostic information obtained by molecular subtyping will help clinicians in not only distinguishing between low-risk and high-risk subtypes but also in customization of the treatment and follow-up of the patients.},
}

@article {pmid40332918,
year = {2025},
author = {Basik, M and Cecchini, RS and De Los Santos, JF and Umphrey, HR and Julian, TB and Mamounas, EP and White, JR and Lucas, PC and Balanoff, CR and Tan, AR and Weber, JJ and Edmonson, DA and Brown-Glaberman, UA and Diego, EJ and Teshome, M and Matsen, CB and Seaward, SA and Wapnir, IL and Wagner, JL and Tjoe, JA and Thompson, AM and Wolmark, N},
title = {Breast Tumor-Bed Biopsy for Pathological Complete Response Prediction: The NRG-BR005 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.},
journal = {JAMA surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamasurg.2025.1072},
pmid = {40332918},
issn = {2168-6262},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Use of modern neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) regimens has markedly increased rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer, raising the question of whether surgical removal of the primary tumor is required for patients with pCR. For surgery to be omitted, one must be able to accurately predict pCR before surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if adding post-NAC core needle biopsy of the tumor bed to trimodality imaging in patients who have clinical complete response (cCR) will predict pCR (resolution of both invasive disease and ductal carcinoma in situ) in 90% or more cases.

This was a phase 2, prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. Patients were enrolled from August 2017 to June 2019. This is the final analysis, which was completed in December 2023. The setting included academic and community hospital center members of NRG (ie, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and the Gynecologic Oncology Group) in the US and Canada. Patients with operable (T1-T3, stage I-III) invasive ductal carcinoma who completed NAC and achieved cCR and radiological complete response (rCR) or near rCR by mammography (mass ≤1 cm and no malignant microcalcifications), ultrasound (mass ≤2 cm), and magnetic resonance imaging (no mass with rapid rise or washout kinetics).

INTERVENTIONS: Patients underwent marker-directed stereotactic multiple-core needle biopsy of the tumor bed with marker placement before breast-conservation surgery.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: End points were negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity of the biopsy.

RESULTS: A total of 105 patients were enrolled with 101 evaluable (mean [SD] age, 52.8 [10.5] years); 77 patients (76.2%) were younger than 60 years, and all breast cancer subtypes were represented with 32 (31.7%) triple-negative breast cancer, 21 (20.8%) hormone receptor-positive/epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2; formerly HER2)-negative (ERBB2-) breast cancer, and 46 (45.5%) ERBB2-positive (ERBB2+) breast cancer. In 101 evaluable patients, 36 had residual disease at surgery (pCR = 64%). With imaging criteria, NPV of the biopsy was 78.3% (95% CI, 67.9%-86.6%), and the sensitivity of the biopsy was 50% (95% CI, 32.9%-67.1%). In an exploratory subset analysis, the NPV in patients with ERBB2+ breast cancer was 90% (95% CI, 76.3%-97.2%). On retrospective central review, 62 of 101 enrolled patients met imaging eligibility criteria. In this exploratory post hoc analysis, NPV in these patients was 86.8% (95% CI, 74.7%-94.5%).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings do not support breast conservation treatment without surgery based on the study criteria for cCR and rCR/near rCR by trimodality imaging and negative tumor-bed biopsy. Strict adherence to imaging criteria may be required to achieve acceptable predictive values.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03188393.},
}

@article {pmid40332647,
year = {2025},
author = {Azizi, A and Mansouri, N and Faridi, B and Ramezani, M},
title = {Male breast cancer: common biomarkers, clinicopathology, and outcomes in the west of Iran.},
journal = {Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute},
volume = {37},
number = {1},
pages = {35},
pmid = {40332647},
issn = {2589-0409},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/therapy/mortality/epidemiology/diagnosis/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Iran/epidemiology ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy/epidemiology/mortality ; Survival Rate ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Male breast cancer is a rare disease that accounts for less than 1% of all cancers in men and less than 1% of all diagnosed breast cancers. We retrospectively evaluated clinicopathologic features, treatment options, and overall survival in male breast cancer cases over 10 years (2012-2021).

METHODS: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, the men with a breast cancer patient information based on demographic characteristics, type of surgery performed, pathological characteristics of samples (including the type of tumor involving lymph nodes and its grade), distant metastasis, immunohistochemical markers as well as family history of cancer, number of chemotherapy and radiotherapy sessions, use of anabolic drugs, and patient survival after surgery were recorded in the designed checklist.

RESULTS: The results showed that the mean age of men with breast cancer was 56.14 ± 14.59. Invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed in 86.3% of patients. In addition, metastasis occurred in 23.5% of patients, and most metastases occurred in the liver and then in the bone marrow, respectively. The highest frequency was related to stage IIB, with a frequency of 29.4%. The overall survival rate of 1, 3, and 5 years for 51 cases was 96%, 91%, and 65%, respectively, with an average survival period of 96 months. There was a significant relationship between age, metastasis, and disease stage with the survival status of patients (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, old age, higher stage, and metastasis in male breast cancer were associated with unfavorable survival.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/therapy/mortality/epidemiology/diagnosis/metabolism
Male
Middle Aged
Iran/epidemiology
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
Cross-Sectional Studies
Adult
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Neoplasm Staging
Prognosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy/epidemiology/mortality
Survival Rate

@article {pmid40325205,
year = {2025},
author = {Bhagwat, A and Dutta, S and Saha, D and Reddy, MJB},
title = {An online 11 kv distribution system insulator defect detection approach with modified YOLOv11 and mobileNetV3.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {15691},
pmid = {40325205},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {With the advent of smart distribution grids, detection of defects in insulators with unmanned aerial vehicles as a part of distribution automation system (DAS) has attained a widespread attention. The defects are essential to detect to avoid damaging the service life of distribution lines, serious power loss and cascading power outages in extreme conditions. The intricate background, limited image dataset and small-scale object makes the problem of detection more complex. Owing to the exponential advancement in deep learning, deep learning-based insulator defect detection is gradually attaining a foothold in the research domain. This paper presents a novel approach for detecting insulator defects in an 11 kV distribution system using a modified version of You Only Look Once (YOLO V11) and the MobileNetV3 model. Data augmentation was applied as part of the preprocessing phase to train the proposed model. The model's performance was compared with earlier versions of YOLO and other existing methods to demonstrate its effectiveness. Additionally, multiple case studies were conducted to validate the method's robustness and reliability for insulator defect detection. This paper incorporates a modified version of YOLOv11 architecture using the constituent C3K2, SPFF and C2PSA algorithmic blocks, mounted with a MobileNetV3 classifier to allow lightweight framework in DAS based devices. Studies involving various real-life scenarios show the efficacy and applicability of the proposed algorithmic pipeline.},
}

@article {pmid40314919,
year = {2025},
author = {Takano, Y and Mizuno, K and Iwase, M and Morita, S and Torii, N and Kikumori, T and Ando, Y},
title = {Tumor mutational burden status and clinical characteristics of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40314919},
issn = {1880-4233},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) is an established biomarker for a favorable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, tumor mutational burden (TMB) in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has not been sufficiently investigated.

METHODS: We collected data of patients with ILC or IDC from the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics database between June 2019 and August 2023. Furthermore, we examined the clinicopathological factors and TMB status.

RESULTS: Patients with ILC (n = 170) had a median TMB score of 4.00 mut/Mb (interquartile range, 2.00-7.14 mut/Mb), whereas those with IDC (n = 2598) had a score of 3.90 mut/Mb (2.00-6.00 mut/Mb). TMB-H was more common in patients with ILC than in those with IDC (18.2% vs. 10.1%, P < 0.001), particularly in the ER+ /HER2- subtype. Multivariate analysis revealed that the pathological diagnosis of ILC (P = 0.006), tissue samples collected from metastatic sites (P < 0.001), and older age (50 years, P < 0.001) were independent factors for TMB-H.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ILC were more likely to have TMB-H than those with IDC. The findings of this study would be invaluable in selecting treatment strategies for patients with ILC.},
}

@article {pmid40314623,
year = {2025},
author = {Poppe, MM and Boucher, K and Gaffney, DK and Brownson, KE and Smith, G and Howell, JN and Ticona, FF and Kim, J and Burt, L and Cannon, D and Kokeny, K},
title = {NOVEMBER, A Phase 2 Trial of a 9-Day Course of Whole Breast Radiation Therapy With a Simultaneous Lumpectomy Boost for Early-Stage Breast Cancer.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.03.078},
pmid = {40314623},
issn = {1879-355X},
abstract = {PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: A phase 2 prospective noninferiority trial evaluating a novel 9 fraction course of whole breast radiation and simultaneous lumpectomy boost.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tis and T1-3N0 patients enrolled to receive 3420 cGy radiation to the breast with 3960 cGy to the lumpectomy cavity. The primary endpoint was averaged photographic cosmetic scores at 24 months with a hypothesis of >70% good to excellent cosmetic breast scoring 24 months after completing radiation, assuming a baseline excellent/good cosmetic scoring of 80% with an 80% power, α = 0.1.

RESULTS: From 2018 to 2020, with institutional review board approval, 103 patients were enrolled. Patients had mostly invasive ductal carcinoma (75%), tumor size ≤ 2cm (88%), negative margins (92%), no lympho-vascular invasion (80%), and estrogen receptor positive (85%). Patients had a mean age of 59.5 years (33-82). With a mean follow-up of 51 months, there were no local recurrences and 1 patient with both regional (axilla) and distant (brain) recurrence. Twenty-four-month post-radiation therapy (RT) cosmetic photos were 68% excellent/good, and 32% fair/poor. The null hypothesis was not rejected with one-sided 95% exact binomial confidence interval of 59.1% (59.1%-100%). There were no reported late ≥grade 3 radiation toxicity events and only 4 patients with late grade 2 events. Patient-reported outcomes utilizing the Breast-Q survey revealed breast satisfaction in 85% of women.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate an effective novel 9 fraction whole breast + lumpectomy boost radiation schedule. This trial uses one of the shortest published radiation schedules for a lumpectomy boost. Although we did not meet our prespecified cosmetic endpoint, no significant cosmetic change from baseline was seen in 80% of patients. We demonstrate excellent local control, and patient-reported satisfaction with low RT-related toxicity. We hope to move this concept forward in a randomized trial against the 5-day United Kingdom (UK) Fast Forward regimen, inclusive of a simultaneous lumpectomy cavity boost.},
}

@article {pmid40313479,
year = {2025},
author = {Fukada, R and Murakami, A and Wada, T and Inari, H and Yoshida, T},
title = {Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of the Breast with Breast Cancer in the Contralateral Breast: A Case Report.},
journal = {Case reports in oncology},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {531-538},
pmid = {40313479},
issn = {1662-6575},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are common in the peripheral nerves of the head, neck, and limbs, with few reports of their occurrence in the breasts, and the epithelioid type is rare. Here, we aimed to report a case of an epithelioid MPNST of the breast.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 76-year-old woman presented with bilateral breast masses. Pathological findings showed a 60-mm invasive ductal carcinoma (T3N0M0 stage IIB) on the right breast and an epithelioid MPNST on the left breast. After surgical resection, the patient was treated with endocrine therapy alone for right breast cancer, and no recurrence was observed 4 years after surgery.

CONCLUSION: Reports of MPNSTs in the breasts are rare. The pathological analysis showed atypia of spindle cells, positive staining for vimentin, S100, SOX10, and epithelial-like cells, and positive staining for cytokeratin AE1/AE3. H3K27me3 is reportedly absent in typical MPNSTs; however, it is expressed in epithelioid types. It sometimes occurs in patients with a germline mutation in SMARCB1/INI1, where INI1 is absent in tumor cells. In this case, the tumor cells expressed H3K27me3 and also maintained INI1.},
}

@article {pmid40308712,
year = {2025},
author = {Canzani, F and Alquati, S and Bordin, F and Barillaro, C and De Angelis, M and Di Silvestre, G and Dispenza, S and Gobber, G and Magnani, C and Manno, P and Cosci, F and Tanzi, S},
title = {Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Instrument for the Diagnosis of the Complexity of Palliative Care Needs.},
journal = {Palliative medicine reports},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {187-195},
pmid = {40308712},
issn = {2689-2820},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In recent years, the palliative care (PC) paradigm is evolving from a prognosis-based approach to one centered on complexity, also in response to the aging population and the increase in chronic diseases. It is therefore necessary to strengthen PC networks with effective management of the specialist resources available. The use of tools such as the spanish Diagnostic Instrument for Complexity in Palliative Care (IDC-Pal) can help evaluate the complexity of PC needs, thus guiding the clinical care response. The aims of this study were the translation and the cultural adaptation of the IDC-Pal tool to the Italian language.

METHODS: The methodology proposed by Beaton et al. and Sousa et al. was used for the translation and cultural adaptation of the IDC-Pal tool. Phase 1: a forward-backward translation with linguistic and cultural adaptation of the tool by two native Spanish translators and two native Italian translators, including two PC professionals and two nonprofessionals, was performed. Phase 2: the translation was evaluated by a panel of 12 Italian PC experts, who assessed the comprehensibility of the translated instrument, and proposed changes to the text, which was found to be incomprehensible to at least 20% of them. Phase 3: this version of the tool was proposed to a sample of the Italian target population (93 professionals including general practitioners, nurses, and hospital doctors at 9 Italian PC networks tested it on 168 patients in home and hospital settings), to evaluate its comprehensibility and usability. At the end of the experimental phase, a semi-structured interview was organized with the main researcher of each network, with the aim of receiving information about the comprehensibility of the tool. Finally, a definitive version was developed.

RESULTS: The translation and adaptation were achieved without major problems.

CONCLUSIONS: A conceptually, culturally, and linguistically equivalent italian version of the original IDC-Pal was obtained.},
}

@article {pmid40307530,
year = {2025},
author = {Carletti, F and Maggi, M and Fazekas, T and Rajwa, P and Nicoletti, R and Olivier, J and Preisser, F and Soeterik, TFW and Giganti, F and Martini, A and Heidegger, I and Kasivisvanathan, V and Pradère, B and Ploussard, G and Hadaschik, B and Moro, FD and van den Bergh, RCN and Marra, G and Gandaglia, G and Zattoni, F and Kesch, C and , },
title = {Diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric MRI for detecting unconventional prostate cancer histology: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {European radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40307530},
issn = {1432-1084},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Accurate detection of unconventional histologies (UH) in prostate cancer (PCa) is crucial for treatment planning and prognosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in detecting UH on prostatectomy, particularly cribriform architecture (CA) and intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P), in patients with localized PCa.

METHODS: A literature search was conducted in major databases for studies published after 2000. Seventeen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were eligible for qualitative analysis. Five studies met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.

RESULTS: The pooled sensitivity and specificity of mpMRI (Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) cutoff 3) to detect cribriform architecture were 0.91 and 0.29. The proportion of cribriform lesions increased with higher PI-RADS scores (23.2% for PI-RADS 1-2 to 66.7% for PI-RADS 5). For intraductal carcinoma (IDC-P), two studies found that IDC-P lesions were visible on mpMRI and had lower apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values compared to acinar prostate cancer. Four studies evaluating combined CA/IDC-P found sensitivities ranging from 33 to 100%. Lower ADC values were associated with CA/IDC-P in some studies, but not in others. Overall, mpMRI demonstrated promising sensitivity but moderate specificity in detecting these aggressive histological variants, with continued challenges in accurate sampling and characterization of mpMRI.

CONCLUSIONS: mpMRI shows high sensitivity but moderate specificity in detecting cribriform architecture in PCa, especially for high PI-RADS scores. These findings support the use of mpMRI for UH detection, but caution is advised in clinical interpretation. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these results before routine clinical application. We studied how effective MRI is at identifying different UH of PCa, such as cribriform architecture and intraductal carcinoma. MRI is accurate at detecting these cancers when they are present, but it also produces a significant number of false positives. More research is needed to standardize imaging protocols and histological definition and ensure an accurate diagnosis.

KEY POINTS: Question The accurate detection of unconventional histologies in prostate cancer, particularly cribriform architecture and intraductal carcinoma, is challenging but crucial for treatment planning and prognosis. Findings mpMRI shows high sensitivity (91%) but low specificity (29%) for detecting cribriform architecture, with detection rates increasing proportionally with higher PI-RADS scores. Clinical relevance mpMRI can effectively detect aggressive unconventional histologies in prostate cancer, though its moderate specificity suggests the need for careful interpretation. This aids in risk stratification and treatment planning, potentially improving patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40302091,
year = {2025},
author = {Al-Naqqash, M and Kareem, TF and Al-Bairmany, Y and Al-Serarati, W and Alshewered, A},
title = {Survival Values of Iraqi Male Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {1379-1384},
doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2025.26.4.1379},
pmid = {40302091},
issn = {2476-762X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/mortality/pathology/therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Iraq/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Prognosis ; Aged ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology/mortality ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Male breast cancer (mBC) is a rare disease, accounting for approximately 1% of all breast cancers. In Iraq, the mBC rate was 0.39% for all cancer types by 2022. This study aimed to estimate the survival rates and features of mBC in Iraq.

METHODS: This was a retrospective survival study. Males with BC were treated between March 2020 and March 2024 at the Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Medical Oncology. The following data were collected from the records: age, marital status, family history, body mass index, surgery type, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, recurrence and/or metastasis, period of follow-up, histological type, tumor size, tumor grade, tumor stage, estrogen and/or progesterone receptor expression, HER2 neu status, metastasis site, BC side, and lymph node positivity.

RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was (54.75 ±12.25). The majority (95.7%) of the patients were married, and only (17.4%) of patients presented with a positive family history. Most patients underwent surgery (21, 91.3%), chemotherapy (19, 86.4%), radiotherapy (13, 59.1%), and hormonal therapy (15, 68.2%). The mean follow-up was (30.73 ± 24.55) months. The majority (16, 88.9%) of the patients presented with positive PR and ER, and most (11, 64.7%) presented with negative HER-2. The lungs, bones, surgical beds, and multiple sites represented metastasis.

CONCLUSION: The mean age of Iraqi male breast cancer patients was in the upper middle age. Most patients presented with T2 N0 stage, ER/PR positivity, and Her2neu negative. Grade II right invasive ductal carcinoma was reported in half of the men. The median follow-up period was 30 months. Disease free survival (DFS) after full treatment was 75 months.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/mortality/pathology/therapy
Male
Middle Aged
Iraq/epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
Survival Rate
Follow-Up Studies
Adult
Prognosis
Aged
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology/mortality

@article {pmid40299211,
year = {2025},
author = {Shan, Y and Hou, F and Wang, Y and Han, Y and Cui, Z and Yin, G},
title = {Cervical metastasis of breast cancer: a case report and review of the literature.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {633},
pmid = {40299211},
issn = {2730-6011},
abstract = {Metastatic breast cancer (BC) to the cervix is relatively rare among women with BC. Although the most common histopathological type of BC is invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma is more likely to metastasize to the female reproductive system due to its characteristic of the loss of E-cadherin. BC patients with metastasis to the cervix often exhibit no obvious clinical symptoms or may present with cervical-related symptoms, making early diagnosis challenging. CDK4/6 inhibitors, when combined with either aromatase inhibitors or fulvestrant, can enhance the prognosis for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women with recurrent ER-positive BC. We reported a patient with cervical metastasis of BC, who was ER-positive and HER2-negative. The patient received treatment with fulvestrant and abemaciclib after surgery for metastatic cervical cancer, achieving a progression-free survival of 31 months. We hope this case report will encourage more clinicians to prioritize gynecological examinations for patients with BC, particularly cervical cancer screening, in order to enhance the quality of life and prognosis for these individuals.},
}

@article {pmid40298601,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, HJ and Choi, WJ and Eom, HJ and Chae, EY and Shin, HJ and Cha, JH and Kim, HH},
title = {Impact of Preoperative MRI on Survival Outcomes in Patients with HER2-positive and Hormone Receptor-negative Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Radiology},
volume = {315},
number = {1},
pages = {e242712},
doi = {10.1148/radiol.242712},
pmid = {40298601},
issn = {1527-1315},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/mortality/surgery/metabolism ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Preoperative Care/methods ; Young Adult ; Breast/diagnostic imaging ; },
abstract = {Background Little is known regarding the impact of preoperative breast MRI on the long-term outcomes of patients with breast cancer that is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive and hormone receptor negative. Purpose To evaluate the impact of preoperative breast MRI on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with HER2-positive and hormone receptor-negative breast cancer by using propensity score matching. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included women diagnosed with HER2-positive and hormone receptor-negative invasive ductal carcinoma between January 2007 and December 2016. Patients who underwent preoperative MRI (the MRI group) were matched with those who did not (the no-MRI group) using propensity score matching based on 19 clinical-pathologic covariates. RFS and OS were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates, Cox proportional hazards models, and inverse probability weighting. Results Among 1094 women (median age, 52 years; age range, 24-91 years), 47.81% (523 of 1094) underwent preoperative MRI. The rates of total recurrence and death were 14.3% (75 of 523) and 7.07% (37 of 523) in the MRI group, respectively, compared with 16.5% (94 of 571) and 13.1% (75 of 571) in the no-MRI group. In the propensity score-matched set, preoperative MRI was not associated with total recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 95% CI: 0.47, 1.02; P = .06), local-regional recurrence (HR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.52, 1.70; P = .84), contralateral breast recurrence (HR, 0.55; 95% CI: 0.24, 1.25; P = .15), or distant recurrence (HR, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.31, 1.03; P = .06). OS was not higher with preoperative MRI (HR, 0.63; 95% CI: 0.39, 1.00; P = .05). At multivariable analysis, preoperative MRI was not associated with improved RFS (HR, 0.89; 95% CI: 0.67, 1.19; P = .44) or OS (HR, 0.73; 95% CI: 0.48, 1.10; P = .14). Conclusion Preoperative MRI did not improve RFS or OS in patients with HER2-positive and hormone receptor-negative breast cancer. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Imbriaco and Ponsiglione in this issue.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/mortality/surgery/metabolism
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Aged
*Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Adult
Aged, 80 and over
Preoperative Care/methods
Young Adult
Breast/diagnostic imaging

@article {pmid40293750,
year = {2025},
author = {Raghavendra, AS and Bassett, R and Damodaran, S and Barcenas, CH and Mouabbi, JA and Layman, R and Tripathy, D},
title = {Clinical Characteristics and Survival Outcomes of Metastatic Invasive Lobular and Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {e251888},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.1888},
pmid = {40293750},
issn = {2574-3805},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/mortality/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality/pathology ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality/pathology ; Aged ; Cohort Studies ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Comparing the clinical and molecular features of metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma (mILC) and metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma (mIDC) is essential to enhance understanding of breast cancer biology and improve personalized treatment approaches.

OBJECTIVE: To compare mILC and mIDC in terms of survival outcomes and to investigate the association of clinicopathologic characteristics with those outcomes.

This cohort study included adult patients at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center with their first metastatic diagnosis occurring between January 1997 and December 2020. Patient records were obtained from an institutional database. The study follow-up concluded in July 2023, and data were analyzed from July to December 2024.

EXPOSURE: Diagnosis of mIDC and mILC.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and disease-free interval (DFI) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival distributions were compared using the log-rank test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the association of metastasis onset, estrogen receptor (ER) expression level, and tumor grade with OS and PFS.

RESULTS: The analysis included a total of 9714 patients (9628 women [99%]), 8535 with mIDC and 1179 with mILC. The median age at metastasis was 53.3 years (range, 17.6-62.0 years). Generally, patients with mILC were older and had lower nuclear grade tumors and fewer metastasis sites than patients with mIDC. Patients with mILC had longer PFS (median, 0.65 years; 95% CI, 0.58-0.74) than patients with mIDC (median, 0.46 years; 95% CI, 0.45-0.48) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73-0.84; P < .001). For OS, patients with mILC had longer OS (median, 3.06 years; 95% CI, 2.87-3.29) than patients with mIDC (median, 2.60 years; 95% CI, 2.52-2.67 years) (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84-0.98; P = .01). Overall, patients with mILC had longer DFI than patients with mIDC (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.64-0.75; P < .001). At initial diagnosis, patients with mILC were less likely to present with visceral metastasis (522 patients [44.3%]) than patients with mIDC (4909 patients [57.5%]). A higher proportion of patients with mILC (931 patients [79.0%]) than patients with mIDC (5431 patients [63.6%]) had bone-only metastasis.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, patients with mILC had longer OS and PFS than those with mIDC. Metastasis onset, ER positivity, and tumor grade were associated with survival outcomes, and distinct metastatic patterns of mIDC and mILC were also associated with survival for mIDC and mILC, which may help guide more personalized treatment strategies for each subtype.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/mortality/pathology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality/pathology
Adult
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality/pathology
Aged
Cohort Studies
Neoplasm Metastasis
Retrospective Studies