@article {pmid33443130,
year = {2020},
author = {Trinh, A and Gil Del Alcazar, CR and Shukla, SA and Chin, K and Chang, YH and Thibault, G and Eng, J and Jovanovic, B and Aldaz, CM and Park, SY and Jeong, J and Wu, C and Gray, J and Polyak, K},
title = {Genomic alterations during the in situ to invasive ductal breast carcinoma transition shaped by the immune system.},
journal = {Molecular cancer research : MCR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-20-0949},
pmid = {33443130},
issn = {1557-3125},
abstract = {The drivers of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) transition are poorly understood. Here, we conducted an integrated genomic, transcriptomic, and whole-slide image analysis to evaluate changes in copy number profiles, mutational profiles, expression, neoantigen load and topology in 6 cases of matched pure DCIS and recurrent IDC. We demonstrate through combined copy number and mutational analysis that recurrent IDC can be genetically related to its pure DCIS despite long latency periods and therapeutic interventions. Immune "hot" and "cold" tumors can arise as early as DCIS and are subtype-specific. Topologic analysis showed a similar degree of pan-leukocyte-tumor mixing in both DCIS and IDC but differ when assessing specific immune subpopulations such as CD4 T-cells and CD68 macrophages. Tumor-specific copy number aberrations in MHC-I presentation machinery and losses in 3p,4q, and 5p are associated with differences in immune signaling in estrogen receptor (ER) negative IDC. Common oncogenic hotspot mutations in genes including TP53 and PIK3CA are predicted to be neoantigens yet are paradoxically conserved during the DCIS-to-IDC transition, and are associated with differences in immune signaling. We highlight both tumor and immune-specific changes in the transition of pure DCIS to IDC, including genetic changes in tumor cells that may have a role in modulating immune function and assist in immune escape, driving the transition to IDC. Implications: We demonstrate that the in situ to invasive breast carcinoma evolutionary bottleneck is shaped by both tumor and immune cells.},
}

@article {pmid33440156,
year = {2021},
author = {Schlein, C and Fischer, AW and Sass, F and Worthmann, A and Tödter, K and Jaeckstein, MY and Behrens, J and Lynes, MD and Kiebish, MA and Narain, NR and Bussberg, V and Darkwah, A and Jespersen, NZ and Nielsen, S and Scheele, C and Schweizer, M and Braren, I and Bartelt, A and Tseng, YH and Heeren, J and Scheja, L},
title = {Endogenous Fatty Acid Synthesis Drives Brown Adipose Tissue Involution.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {108624},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108624},
pmid = {33440156},
issn = {2211-1247},
abstract = {Thermoneutral conditions typical for standard human living environments result in brown adipose tissue (BAT) involution, characterized by decreased mitochondrial mass and increased lipid deposition. Low BAT activity is associated with poor metabolic health, and BAT reactivation may confer therapeutic potential. However, the molecular drivers of this BAT adaptive process in response to thermoneutrality remain enigmatic. Using metabolic and lipidomic approaches, we show that endogenous fatty acid synthesis, regulated by carbohydrate-response element-binding protein (ChREBP), is the central regulator of BAT involution. By transcriptional control of lipogenesis-related enzymes, ChREBP determines the abundance and composition of both storage and membrane lipids known to regulate organelle turnover and function. Notably, ChREBP deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of lipogenesis during thermoneutral adaptation preserved mitochondrial mass and thermogenic capacity of BAT independently of mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, we establish lipogenesis as a potential therapeutic target to prevent loss of BAT thermogenic capacity as seen in adult humans.},
}

@article {pmid33437736,
year = {2020},
author = {Abdolahi, M and Salehi, M and Shokatian, I and Reiazi, R},
title = {Artificial intelligence in automatic classification of invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer in digital pathology images.},
journal = {Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran},
volume = {34},
number = {},
pages = {140},
doi = {10.34171/mjiri.34.140},
pmid = {33437736},
issn = {1016-1430},
abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is one of the most causes of death in women. Early diagnosis and detection of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) is an important key for the treatment of IDC. Computer-aided approaches have great potential to improve diagnosis accuracy. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning-based method for the automatic classification of IDC in whole slide images (WSI) of breast cancer. Furthermore, different types of deep neural networks training such as training from scratch and transfer learning to classify IDC were evaluated. Methods: In total, 277524 image patches with 50×50-pixel size form original images were used for model training. In the first method, we train a simple convolutional neural network (named it baseline model) on these images. In the second approach, we used the pre-trained VGG-16 CNN model via feature extraction and fine-tuning for the classification of breast pathology images. Results: Our baseline model achieved a better result for the automatic classification of IDC in terms of F-measure and accuracy (83%, 85%) in comparison with original paper on this data set and achieved a comparable result with a new study that introduced accepted-rejected pooling layer. Also, transfer learning via feature extraction yielded better results (81%, 81%) in comparison with handcrafted features. Furthermore, transfer learning via feature extraction yielded better classification results in comparison with the baseline model. Conclusion: The experimental results demonstrate that using deep learning approaches yielded better results in comparison with handcrafted features. Also, using transfer learning in histopathology image analysis yielded significant results in comparison with training from scratch in much less time.},
}

@article {pmid33433431,
year = {2021},
author = {Xia, Y and Liu, X and Li, W and Zhu, Y},
title = {Potential role of significant GATA3 mutation in male breast cancer responding to endocrine therapy: A case report.},
journal = {Indian journal of pathology & microbiology},
volume = {64},
number = {1},
pages = {161-164},
doi = {10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_160_19},
pmid = {33433431},
issn = {0974-5130},
abstract = {A 60-year-old Chinese male with a hard mass, pressure pain, and ulcerous skin under his left axilla was first diagnosed with apocrine carcinoma, most likely metastasis from breast cancer. PET/CT scan detected multiple bone metastasis and enlarged lymph nodes at left axilla, mediastinal area 7, and left pulmonary hilus. Lumpectomy was performed to remove the mass followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy against focal bone metastasis, left axillary lesion, and left subcutaneous chest wall. PET/CT examination showed progressive disease after the completion of the treatments. Two nontender hard nodules were noticed on the patient's left upper arm and multiple immobile nodules were palpated under his left axillary skin. Immunohistochemistry (HER2++, ER+, PR+, AR-) of the biopsy tissue combined with histopathology indicated invasive ductal carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. Metastatic Luminal B subtype breast cancer was preferred. Anti-estrogen endocrine therapy was then performed and PET/CT scan showed partial remission after one month's fulvestrant administration. Two significant somatic mutations, AR R616H and GATA3 S408Afs*99, were detected in the biopsy tissue by next-generation sequencing. GATA3 is associated with estrogen receptor signaling and was identified as a driver gene of female breast cancer. However, the function of GATA3 in male breast cancer remains controversial. Report of this case hopefully will contribute to exploring the role of GATA3 mutation in molecular mechanisms and endocrine therapy of male breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid33433407,
year = {2021},
author = {Farrag, MS and Anter, AH and Farrag, NS and Ibrahiem, AT},
title = {"Switch of E-Cadherin to N-Cadherin expression in different molecular subtypes of breast invasive duct carcinomas and its correlation with clinicopathological features".},
journal = {Indian journal of pathology & microbiology},
volume = {64},
number = {1},
pages = {38-46},
doi = {10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_924_19},
pmid = {33433407},
issn = {0974-5130},
abstract = {Background: In breast cancer, metastasis and recurrence is the main culprit in treatment failure. This study aimed to explore the role of E-cadherin/N-cadherin Switch in progression, spread and metastasis in breast invasive duct carcinoma.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on 118 formalinfixed paraffinembedded mastectomy specimens of invasive breast duct carcinoma. Primary antibodies for E-cadherin (monoclonal, clone HECD-1; Zymed Laboratories; dilution 1:600) and N-cadherin (monoclonal, clone 3B9; Zymed Laboratories, Inc., Montrouge, France; dilution 1:200) were applied for all cases. The study revealed that E-cadherin high expression was significantly associated with advanced TNM clinical stage (P = 0.021), and nodal metastasis (P < 0.001). High expression of N-cadherin was significantly positively correlated with tumor sizes (P < 0.00), advanced clinical stage (P < 0.00), and nodal metastasis (P < 0.008). Mean OS was 39.99 months in cases with negative expression versus 41.8 months in cases with positive expression. Mean DFS in cases with positive E. cadh expression was 41.89 months was higher than mean DFS in cases with negative E. cadh expression which was 40.52 months, but it showed no statistical significance (P = 0.57).

Conclusions/Significance: This study demonstrated that loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin promotes invasion, migration, and metastasis in invasive ductal carcinoma cells. Importantly, these findings may exploit new cancer therapies using N-cadherin antagonists.},
}

@article {pmid33432595,
year = {2021},
author = {Abraham, E and Zagoory-Sharon, O and Feldman, R},
title = {Early maternal and paternal caregiving moderates the links between preschoolers' reactivity and regulation and maturation of the HPA-immune axis.},
journal = {Developmental psychobiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/dev.22089},
pmid = {33432595},
issn = {1098-2302},
support = {//the Simss-Mann Foundation./ ; 1114-101.4/2010//German-Israeli Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {While early caregiving and child's temperamental dispositions work in concert to shape social-emotional outcomes, their unique and joint contribution to the maturation of the child's stress and immune systems remain unclear. We followed children longitudinally from infancy to preschool to address the buffering effect of early parenting on the link between temperamental dysregulation and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-immune axis in preschool-aged children. Participants included 47 typically developing children and their 94 parents in both mother-father and two-father families followed across the first 4-years of family formation. In infancy, we observed parent-infant synchrony and measured parental oxytocin; in preschool, we observed temperamental reactivity and self-regulation and assessed children's cortisol and secretory Immunoglobulin A (s-IgA), biomarkers of the stress and immune systems. Greater self-regulation and lower negative emotionality were associated with lower baseline s-IgA and cortisol, respectively. However, these links were defined by interactive effects so that preschoolers with low self-regulation displayed higher s-IgA levels only in cases of low parent-infant synchrony and negative emotionality linked with greater baseline cortisol levels only when parental oxytocin levels were low. Results emphasize the long-term stress-buffering role of the neurobiology of parental care, demonstrate comparable developmental paths for mothers and fathers, and delineate the complex developmental cascades to the maturation of children's stress-management systems.},
}

@article {pmid33430721,
year = {2021},
author = {Landolfi, A and Ricciardi, C and Donisi, L and Cesarelli, G and Troisi, J and Vitale, C and Barone, P and Amboni, M},
title = {Machine Learning Approaches in Parkinson's Disease.},
journal = {Current medicinal chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0929867328999210111211420},
pmid = {33430721},
issn = {1875-533X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disorder. Its diagnosis is challenging and mainly relies on clinical aspects. At present, no biomarker is available to obtain a diagnosis of certainty in vivo.

OBJECTIVE: The present review aims at describing machine learning algorithms as they have been variably applied to different aspects of Parkinson's disease diagnosis and characterization.

METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed in December 2019, resulting in 230 publications obtained with the following search query: "Machine Learning" "AND" "Parkinson Disease".

RESULTS: the obtained publications were divided into 6 categories, based on different application fields: "Gait Analysis - Motor Evaluation", "Upper Limb Motor and Tremor Evaluation", "Handwriting and typing evaluation", "Speech and Phonation evaluation", "Neuroimaging and Nuclear Medicine evaluation", "Metabolomics application", after excluding the papers of general topic. As a result, a total of 166 articles were analyzed, after elimination of papers written in languages other than English or not directly related to the selected topics.

CONCLUSION: Machine learning algorithms are computer-based statistical approaches which can be trained and are able to find common patterns from big amounts of data. The machine learning approaches can help clinicians in classifying patients according to several variables at the same time.},
}

@article {pmid33429799,
year = {2021},
author = {Karatas, M and Zengel, B and Durusoy, R and Tasli, F and Adibelli, Z and Simsek, C and Uslu, A},
title = {Clinicopathologic features of single bone metastasis in breast cancer.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {100},
number = {1},
pages = {e24164},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000024164},
pmid = {33429799},
issn = {1536-5964},
abstract = {ABSTRACT: The most common site for metastasis in patients with breast cancer is the bone. In this case series, we investigated patients whose surgical and medical treatment for primary breast cancer was conducted at our center and first disease recurrence was limited to only 1 bone.We analyzed 910 breast cancer patients, 863 had no metastasis and 47 cases had a single bone metastasis ≥ 6 months after their first diagnosis. Demographic, epidemiological, histopathological and intrinsic tumor subtype differences between the non-metastatic group and the group with solitary bone metastases and their statistical significance were examined. Among established breast cancer risk factors, we studied twenty-nine variables.Three variables (Type of tumor surgery, TNM Stage III tumors and mixed type (invasive ductalcarsinoma + invasive lobular carcinoma) histology) were significant in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Accordingly, the risk of developing single bone metastasis was approximately 15 times higher in patients who underwent mastectomy and 4.8 and 2.8 times higher in those with TNM Stage III tumors and with mixed type (invasive ductal carcinoma + invasive lobular carcinoma) histology, respectively.In conclusion, the risk of developing single bone metastasis is likely in non-metastatic patients with Stage III tumors and possibly in mixed type tumors. Knowing this risk, especially in patients with mixed type tumors, may be instrumental in taking measures with different adjuvant therapies in future studies. Among these, treatment modalities such as prolonged hormone therapy and addition of bisphosphonates to the adjuvant treatments of stage III and mixed breast cancer patients may be considered.},
}

@article {pmid33428505,
year = {2021},
author = {Nevagi, RJ and Good, MF and Stanisic, DI},
title = {Plasmodium infection and drug cure for malaria vaccine development.},
journal = {Expert review of vaccines},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14760584.2021.1874923},
pmid = {33428505},
issn = {1744-8395},
abstract = {Introduction: Despite decades of research into the development of a vaccine to combat the malaria parasite, a highly efficacious malaria vaccine is not yet available. Different whole parasite-based vaccine approaches, including deliberate Plasmodium infection and drug cure (IDC), have been evaluated in pre-clinical and early phase clinical trials. The advantage of whole parasite vaccines is that they induce immune responses against multiple parasite antigens, thus lowering the impact of antigenic diversity. Deliberate Plasmodium IDC, as a vaccine approach, involves administering infectious, live parasites in combination with an anti-malarial drug, which controls the infection and enables induction of protective immune responses.},
}

@article {pmid33425023,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, H and Zhang, N and Li, Y and Liang, Y and Yang, Q},
title = {Evaluation of efficacy of chemotherapy for mucinous carcinoma: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results cohort study.},
journal = {Therapeutic advances in medical oncology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1758835920975603},
doi = {10.1177/1758835920975603},
pmid = {33425023},
issn = {1758-8340},
abstract = {Background: In this study, we investigated the impact of chemotherapy on breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in patients with mucinous carcinoma using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database.

Methods: A large-scale SEER-based retrospective analysis was conducted; 13,329 patients with mucinous carcinoma from 1994 to 2014 were identified. Clinicopathological characteristics were compared using the chi-square test. BCSS curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic significance of all demographic and clinicopathological characteristics and treatment patterns were calculated using univariate and multivariate regression analyses.

Results: Mucinous carcinoma was demonstrated to be less aggressive than invasive ductal carcinoma and predicted a better prognosis in the Kaplan-Meier analysis (hazard ratios = 0.336, 95% confidence interval: 0.308-0.368, p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that chemotherapy did not provide any additional benefit for patients with mucinous carcinoma. Predictors for receiving chemotherapy were younger age, estrogen receptor-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive status, higher grade, larger tumor size, lymph node involvement, radiation reception, and mastectomy. Further subgroup analysis verified that regardless of the hormone receptor (HR) and lymph node (LN) status, patients did not benefit from chemotherapy.

Conclusion: Our study showed that patients with HR+/LN- mucinous carcinoma did not benefit from chemotherapy and that chemotherapy could not improve the survival of all subtypes of mucinous carcinoma based on large-scale SEER data. These results support that patients with mucinous carcinoma could be exempt from chemotherapy. Additional research is needed to further evaluate the impact of adjuvant treatments, particularly in patients with favorable histology.},
}

@article {pmid33422900,
year = {2021},
author = {Huang, K and Appiah, L and Mishra, A and Bagaria, SP and Gabriel, ME and Misra, S},
title = {Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Prognosis of Invasive Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast.},
journal = {The Journal of surgical research},
volume = {261},
number = {},
pages = {105-112},
doi = {10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.026},
pmid = {33422900},
issn = {1095-8673},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive papillary carcinoma (IPC) of the breast is thought to carry a more favorable prognosis than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics between IPC and IDC and their prognosis using a large nationwide data set.

METHODS: Female patients diagnosed with malignant IPC and IDC between 2005 and 2014 were analyzed. Patients with incomplete survival data, stage 0/IV, unknown stage, or recurrent disease were excluded. Five-year overall survival was compared between IPC and IDC.

RESULTS: Among 308,426 patients, 1147 had IPC and 307,279 had IDC. IPC presented more in older postmenopausal women, black Americans, and people who had government insurance. IPC had larger tumor size, lower-grade, and earlier-stage disease, less node-positive disease, higher hormone positivity, and lower human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 amplification. Adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy rates were lower in IPC than those in IDC. IPC had a similar 5-year overall survival as compared with IDC overall (86.8% versus 88.7%) (P = 0.06). Age, pathologic stage, and radiation treatment were shown to be independent prognostic factors of IPC.

CONCLUSIONS: IPC has a similar prognosis as IDC, suggesting that these patients should follow the same treatment protocols.},
}

@article {pmid33421821,
year = {2020},
author = {Hoshina, H and Takei, H and Sakatani, T and Naito, Z},
title = {CDX2-positive breast cancer presented with axillary lymph node metastases: A case report.},
journal = {Cancer treatment and research communications},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {100300},
doi = {10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100300},
pmid = {33421821},
issn = {2468-2942},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The caudal type homeobox 2 transcription factor (CDX2) is a specific and sensitive marker for intestinal carcinoma, but usually not expressed in breast cancer. In CDX2-positive metastatic cancer of occult primary, the origin is highly suspicious of an enteric carcinoma.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 50-year-old woman complained of enlarged lymph nodes (LNs) in the right axilla. Mammography and ultrasonography scans showed no abnormal findings in her breasts. Core needle biopsy (CNB) revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CDX2 intensely. The primary tumor was suspicious of intestinal adenocarcinoma. A dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed an accentuated lesion which was detected using a second-look ultrasound, and diagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma by CNB. A partial mastectomy of the right breast with level I and II axillary LN dissection was performed. A few cells of primary cancer were expressed CDX2 and estrogen receptor. The final pathological diagnosis was T1bN3aM0 stage IIIC. The fluorescent double staining showed that CDX2 simultaneously expressed on the Ki67 positive cells of metastatic tumors. The adjuvant treatment included chemotherapy and radiation, followed by tamoxifen administration. The patient survived without any recurrences over the following 36 months.

CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case of CDX2-positive metastatic breast cancer in the axillary LNs. As some literatures reported vitamin D pathways induced cancer cell apoptosis and inhibition, these metastatic cells of our case might play the effort of autoregulation of inhibiting progression.},
}

@article {pmid33419057,
year = {2021},
author = {Lopes, BC and Braga, CZ and Ventura, FV and de Oliveira, JG and Kato-Junior, EM and Bordin-Junior, NA and Zuccari, DAPC},
title = {miR-210 and miR-152 as Biomarkers by Liquid Biopsy in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jpm11010031},
pmid = {33419057},
issn = {2075-4426},
support = {2017/11807-3//Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)/ ; 2017/15006-5//Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)/ ; 028/2018//Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e Extensão de Sao Jose do Rio Preto (FAPERP)/ ; },
abstract = {Detecting circulating microRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) by means of liquid biopsy is an important tool for the early diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer (BC). We aimed to identify and validate miR-210 and miR-152 as non-invasive circulating biomarkers, for the diagnosis and staging of BC patients, confirming their involvement in tumor angiogenesis.

METHODS: RT-qPCR was performed and MiRNA expression analysis was obtained from plasma and fragments of BC and benign breast condition (BBC) women patients, plus healthy subjects. Additionally, the immunohistochemistry technique was carried out to analyze the expression of target proteins.

RESULTS: Tumor fragments showed increased expression of oncomiR-210 and decreased expression of miR-152 tumoral suppressor. Both miRNAs were increased in plasma samples from BC patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that only the expression of oncomiR-210 in tissue samples and only the expression of the miR-152 suppressor in plasma have the appropriate sensitivity and specificity for use as differential biomarkers between early/intermediate and advanced stages of BC patients. In addition, there was an increase in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in BC patients. On the contrary, a decrease in Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein expression was observed.

CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that increased levels of miR-210 and decreased levels of miR152, in addition to the expressions of their target proteins, could indicate, respectively, the oncogenic and tumor suppressive role of these miRNAs in fragments. Both miRNAs are potential diagnostic biomarkers for BC by liquid biopsy. In addition, miR-152 proved to be a promising biomarker for disease staging.},
}

@article {pmid33417752,
year = {2020},
author = {Téllez-Duarte, A and González-Ramírez, LV},
title = {[COVID-19 in orthopedics].},
journal = {Acta ortopedica mexicana},
volume = {34},
number = {3},
pages = {153-157},
pmid = {33417752},
issn = {2306-4102},
abstract = {STUDY DESIGN: This is a systematic literature review for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 with Orthopedic and Spine Surgery relevance.

OBJECTIVES: It is to determine in Orthopedic surgery and Spine Surgery and its branches the new required safety protocols when attending patients with risk of infection, or transmission for COVID-19 and comorbidities in the outpatient and inpatient hospital setting.

METHODS: A systematic literature review.

RESULTS: Recent knowledge for this disease has changed the Virus affects ORF-8 protein of the Hemoglobin destroying B-Hemoglobin, and IDC (intravascular disseminated coagulation) is found to happen in many patients, together with its capsular capability to adhere to metallic and plastic surfaces, pneumonic pattern associated with ventilator use, and the relapse in some patients, changes the view, preventative measures and treatment of this disease. Publication of global statistics show that patients with hypertension tend to have a higher rate of suffering the disease. Some new measures are proposed.

CONCLUSIONS: New care guidelines for COVID-19 patients are proposed based on the new research on SARS-CoV-2 clinical pathologic findings are necessary.},
}

@article {pmid33416185,
year = {2020},
author = {Lu, N and Zhang, M and Lu, L and Liu, YZ and Zhang, HH and Liu, XD},
title = {miRNA‑490‑3p promotes the metastatic progression of invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {Oncology reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3892/or.2020.7880},
pmid = {33416185},
issn = {1791-2431},
abstract = {MicroRNA (miRNA/mir)‑490‑3p has been defined as a tumor suppressor in different types of cancer, including breast cancer. However, miR‑490‑3p has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor and promoter in a context‑dependent manner in hepatocellular and lung cancer. Contrary to previous studies, the present study revealed that miR‑490‑3p expression was significantly higher in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tissue specimens, the most common form of breast cancer, compared to tumor‑adjacent normal tissue specimens (n=20). Its expression was also higher in the more metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA‑MB‑231, compared to the non‑metastatic breast cancer cell line, MCF7, and the moderately metastatic breast cancer cell line, MDA‑MB‑468. The expression of miR‑490‑3p was induced following transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β‑induced epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MCF10A cells. Gain‑and loss‑of‑function assays revealed that the expression of miR‑490‑3p regulated the proliferation, colony formation, EMT, migration and invasion in vitro, but not the apoptosis of MDA‑MB‑468 and MDA‑MB‑231 cells. The knockdown of miR‑490‑3p expression in MDA‑MB‑231 cells inhibited experimental metastasis in a tumor xenograft assay. As in lung cancer, miR‑490‑3p was found to target and downregulate the expression of the tumor suppressor RNA binding protein poly r(C) binding protein 1 (PCBP1). PCBP1 protein and miR‑490‑3p expression inversely correlated in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS; n=10; no nodal involvement) and IDC (n=10; different stages of metastatic progression) with a significantly higher miR‑490‑3p expression in patients with IDC compared to those with DCIS. The expression of miR‑490‑3p was negatively associated with both overall and disease‑free survival in the patients with breast cancer included in the present study. On the whole, the results confirm a pro‑metastatic role of miR‑490‑3p in IDC, establishing it as a biomarker for disease progression in these patients.},
}

@article {pmid33415472,
year = {2021},
author = {Zimmerman-Brenner, S and Pilowsky-Peleg, T and Rachamim, L and Ben-Zvi, A and Gur, N and Murphy, T and Fattal-Valevski, A and Rotstein, M},
title = {Group behavioral interventions for tics and comorbid symptoms in children with chronic tic disorders.},
journal = {European child & adolescent psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {33415472},
issn = {1435-165X},
abstract = {Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Habit Reversal Training (HRT) and Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) are effective in reducing tic severity. ERP and HRT have recently gained primary support in a group setting, while CBIT has not been examined similarly. We compared the efficacy of group-CBIT to group-Educational Intervention for Tics (group-EIT) for tics and comorbid symptoms. Children with Tourette Syndrome (TS) or Chronic Tic Disorder (CTD) were randomized to group-CBIT or group-EIT. Tics and comorbid symptoms were assessed in forty-six children pre- and postintervention, and 3-month later. Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) Motor tic severity decreased following both interventions, and was maintained at follow-up for group-CBIT only. The Parent Tic Questionnaire (PTQ) showed significant decrease in total and motor tic severity following group-CBIT only, a gain maintained three months later. YGTSS impairment score decreased following both interventions and was maintained at follow-up. YGTSS vocal tic severity score increased following both interventions, and then decreased significantly at follow up. Co-morbid symptoms including anxiety, behavioral problems, and aggressive behavior decreased following both interventions. Children with behavioral problems benefitted less while children with higher intellectual ability benefit more from intervention. Both group interventions showed efficacy in reducing tic impairment and comorbid symptoms. Group-CBIT was superior to group-EIT in reducing motor tic severity at 3-month follow-up, showing an advantage for tic-focused treatment. Based on the PTQ, group-CBIT was superior to group-EIT in reducing motor, vocal, and total tic scores, a gain maintained three months later. Clinical trial registry information-Group Intervention for Children with Chronic Tics Syndrome: CBIT vs Psychoeducational Intervention URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov , Identifier: NCT02407951, http://www.controlled-trials.com).},
}

@article {pmid33415073,
year = {2020},
author = {Yang, C and Lei, C and Zhang, Y and Zhang, J and Ji, F and Pan, W and Zhang, L and Gao, H and Yang, M and Li, J and Wang, K},
title = {Comparison of Overall Survival Between Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma and Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Matching Study Based on SEER Database.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {590643},
doi = {10.3389/fonc.2020.590643},
pmid = {33415073},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Objective: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) account for most breast cancers. However, the overall survival (OS) differences between ILC and IDC remain controversial. This study aimed to compare nonmetastatic ILC to IDC in terms of survival and prognostic factors for ILC.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Cancer Database (www.seer.cancer.gov). Women diagnosed with nonmetastatic ILC and IDC between 2006 and 2016 were included. A propensity score matching (PSM) method was used in our analysis to reduce baseline differences in clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were used for survival analysis.

Results: Compared to IDC patients, ILC patients were diagnosed later in life with poorly differentiated and larger lesions, as well as increased expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and/or progesterone receptors (PRs). A lower rate of radiation therapy and chemotherapy was observed in ILC. After PSM, ILC, and IDC patients exhibited similar OS (HR=1.017, p=0.409, 95% CI: 0.967-1.069). In subgroup analysis of HR-negative, AJCC stage III, N2/N3 stage patients, or those who received radiotherapy, ILC patients exhibited worse OS compared to IDC patients. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed a 47% survival benefit for IDC compared to ILC in HR-negative patients who received chemotherapy (HR=1.47, p=0.01, 95% CI: 1.09-1.97).

Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that ILC and IDC patients had similar OS after PSM. However, ILC patients with high risk indicators had worse OS compared to IDC patients by subgroup analysis.},
}

@article {pmid33413755,
year = {2020},
author = {Zeng, XQ and Jiang, SS and Peng, YY and Liu, MF and Ye, CS and Dong, JY},
title = {Trastuzumab-Induced Severe Thrombocytopenia:A Case Report and Literature Review.},
journal = {Chinese medical sciences journal = Chung-kuo i hsueh k'o hsueh tsa chih},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {377-382},
doi = {10.24920/003799},
pmid = {33413755},
issn = {1001-9294},
abstract = {We present a 29-year-old woman with pT2N0M0 breast cancer, histological diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma, ER and PR low positive, and HER-2 (3+). The patient developed trastuzumab-induced thrombocytopenia in 6 hours after an intravenous infusion of trastuzumab at the second cycle of trastuzumab treatment with the symptom of abnormal uterine bleeding. Laboratory exam revealed a sharp drop of platelet count down to 3×109/L. With the treatment of single-donor platelet transfusions, glucocorticoids, oxytocin and thrombopoietic drugs, the platelet count recovered completely in 11 days. This case was confirmed to be severe thrombocytopenia induced by trastuzumab, and retreatment with trastuzumab was not attempted. With increasing clinical utilization of trastuzumab, clinicians are likely to encounter more life-threatening trastuzumab induced severe thrombocytopenia. By this case report and literature review, we hope to increase the awareness, attach the attentions to this condition, and help with the effective treatment.},
}

@article {pmid33412491,
year = {2020},
author = {Mayopoulos, GA and Ein-Dor, T and Dishy, GA and Nandru, R and Chan, SJ and Hanley, LE and Kaimal, AJ and Dekel, S},
title = {COVID-19 is associated with traumatic childbirth and subsequent mother-infant bonding problems.},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
volume = {282},
number = {},
pages = {122-125},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.101},
pmid = {33412491},
issn = {1573-2517},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Knowledge of women's experience of childbirth in the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and associated maternal health outcomes is scarce.

METHODS: A sample of primarily American women who gave birth around the height of COVID-19 (n = 1,611) and matched controls, i.e., women who gave birth before COVID-19 (n = 640), completed an anonymous Internet survey about recent childbirth, birth-related traumatic stress (peritraumatic distress inventory; PTSD-checklist), maternal bonding (maternal attachment inventory; mother-to-infant bonding scale) and breastfeeding status. Groups (n = 637 in each) were matched on demographics, prior mental health/trauma and childbirth factors to determine the unique contribution of COVID-19 to the psychological experience of childbirth.

RESULTS: Mothers in COVID-19-exposed communities endorsed more clinically acute stress response to childbirth than matched controls (Z = 2.65, p = .008, OR= 1.38). A path mediation model revealed that acute stress mediated the relationship between study group and postpartum outcomes. Specifically, higher acute stress response in birth was associated with more childbirth-related posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (β = .42, p < .001) and less bonding with the infant (β = .26, p < .001), including breastfeeding problems (β = .10, p < .01).

LIMITATIONS: Use of a convenient internet sample introduces bias towards more educated women and reliance on retrospective self-report assessments may entail recall bias.

CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 is a major stressor for delivering women. It can heighten traumatic childbirth experiences and interfere with successful postpartum adjustment. Clinical attention to traumatic stress in childbirth and problems with caring for the young during this pandemic is important.},
}

@article {pmid33409705,
year = {2021},
author = {Ohara, M and Koi, Y and Sasada, T and Kajitani, K and Mizuno, S and Takata, A and Okamoto, A and Nagata, I and Sumita, M and Imachi, K and Watanabe, M and Daimaru, Y and Kawamura, S},
title = {Spontaneous regression of breast cancer with immune response: a case report.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {10},
pmid = {33409705},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Spontaneous regression (SR) is a rare phenomenon in which a cancer disappears or remits without treatment. We report a case of breast cancer that showed spontaneous tumor regression in the surgical specimen after core needle biopsy.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old woman came to our hospital complaining of a painful lump in the right breast. In the upper-outer quadrant of the right breast, a tumor with an unclear boundary, 30 mm in diameter, was palpable. In pathological findings from needle biopsy, the tumor was diagnosed as solid-type invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Partial coagulation necrosis was generated in estrogen receptor-negative, HER2-negative, and AE1/AE3-positive ductal carcinoma without infiltration of lymphocytes. Surgery for right breast cancer was then performed. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed the tumor was invasive ductal carcinoma with lymphocyte infiltration, coagulation necrosis, and fibrous tissue with hemosiderin. The tumor formed a solid nest, 3 mm in diameter, suggesting the possibility of SR.

CONCLUSIONS: Immune responses, infection, hormones, surgical stress, and ischemia have been reported as mechanisms of SR. The findings in this case strongly suggest that SR of breast cancer is associated with anti-tumor immune responses.},
}

@article {pmid33409083,
year = {2020},
author = {Sinduja, R and Kumaran, R and Sundaramurthi, S and Krishnaraj, B and Sistla, SC},
title = {Carcinoma of the Accessory Axillary Breast: A Diagnostic Dilemma and a Management Challenge.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {e11844},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.11844},
pmid = {33409083},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Carcinoma of the accessory axillary breast is uncommon, with an incidence of 0.2 to 0.6%. We report a patient whose biopsy of a suspicious lesion in the axilla present for one year revealed invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). There was presence of breast tissue and absence of lymphoid tissue in the biopsy, suggesting a breast malignancy. Magnetic resonance mammography was suggestive of the lesion well away from the normal breast, confirming an accessory axillary breast. She was offered wide local excision of the lesion with axillary lymph node dissection and modified radical mastectomy (MRM), and she chose the latter. Her post-operative biopsy showed the involvement of all the 25 lymph nodes harvested. Any suspicious lesion in the axilla should be promptly worked up for malignancy. Accessory axillary breast carcinoma, if confirmed, can be addressed with wide local excision along with axillary lymph node dissection. However, further studies should clarify this and the outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid33408892,
year = {2020},
author = {Lee, YJ and Shin, J and Jung, JM and Kim, EK and Jung, J and Jeong, JH and Gong, G and Ko, B},
title = {Bilateral Metachronous Paget's Disease of the Accessory Breasts in a Male.},
journal = {Journal of breast cancer},
volume = {23},
number = {6},
pages = {665-671},
doi = {10.4048/jbc.2020.23.e38},
pmid = {33408892},
issn = {1738-6756},
abstract = {Bilateral axillary Paget's disease in men is a rare occurrence with limited reports on its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Here, we report the case of a 55-year-old Korean male, who presented with a palpable mass and eczematous skin lesion on the left axilla. An incisional biopsy and histopathologic examination indicated invasive ductal carcinoma with Paget's disease arising in the accessory breast. Magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography revealed no malignancy in the normal breast and other organs. The patient was subjected to a wide excision, wherein the left axillary lymph node was dissected, followed by the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. After 17 months of disease-free survival, the patient was diagnosed with Paget's disease of the contralateral accessory breast. He underwent wide excision surgery along with radiation therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral extramammary Paget's disease in a male.},
}

@article {pmid33407746,
year = {2021},
author = {Yamashita, M and Kamei, Y and Murakami, A and Ozaki, E and Okujima, K and Takemoto, K and Takaoka, M and Tsukamoto, D and Kusakabe, E and Shidahara, T and Noda, H and Aoki, R and Taguchi, K and Nishiyama, K and Eguchi, M and Takada, Y},
title = {Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast and BRCA1 germline mutation: a case report and review.},
journal = {Hereditary cancer in clinical practice},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {3},
pmid = {33407746},
issn = {1731-2302},
support = {19K16715//JSPS KAKENHI/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast consists of both invasive ductal carcinoma and metaplastic carcinoma. This rare subtype of cancer has a poor prognosis. The development of metaplastic breast cancer and relationship with BRCA1 are not well known. Here, we report a rare case of germline BRCA1 mutation-positive breast cancer with chondroid metaplasia.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 39-year-old Japanese woman with a family history of breast cancer in her mother and ovarian cancer in her maternal grandmother consulted at our hospital with a left breast mass. Needle biopsy for the mass was performed, leading to a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer with chondroid metaplasia. We performed left mastectomy + sentinel lymph node biopsy + tissue expander insertion and replaced with a silicone implant later. Pathological examination revealed that the patient had triple-negative breast cancer. Four courses of doxorubicin+ cyclophosphamide therapy were performed as adjuvant therapy after surgery. We performed genetic counseling and genetic testing, and the results suggested the germline BRCA1 mutation 307 T> A (L63*). She has currently lived without a relapse for 2 years post-surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: There have been only 6 cases of metaplastic breast carcinoma with germline BRCA1 mutations including our case. Patients with BRCA1 mutations may develop basal-like subtypes or M type of triple-negative breast cancer besides metaplastic breast cancers.},
}

@article {pmid33402291,
year = {2021},
author = {Mnejja, M and Kallel, S and Thabet, W and Regaieg, M and Kallel, R and Boudawara, T and Daoud, J and Hammami, B and Charfeddine, I},
title = {[Ductal carcinomas of the parotid gland].},
journal = {Cancer radiotherapie : journal de la Societe francaise de radiotherapie oncologique},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.canrad.2020.06.034},
pmid = {33402291},
issn = {1769-6658},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To describe the clinical, therapeutic and prognostic features of ductal carcinomas of the parotid gland.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five patients with ductal carcinoma of the parotid gland (primary and secondary carcinoma) treated, between 2007 and 2019, in our ENT department, were reviewed.

RESULTS: Four men and one woman were included. The mean age was 61,4 years. One patient had a history of an invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Four patients consulted for swelling in the parotid region. One patient referred to our department for dysfunction of facial nerve. Skin invasion was found in one case. Four patients underwent total parotidectomy with sacrifice of the facial nerve (three cases). One patient underwent extended parotidectomy involving the skin. An ipsilateral selective neck dissection was performed in four cases. One patient had a parotid gland biopsy. Ductal carcinoma was primary in four cases and metastatic from breast origin in one case. Four patients were treated with postoperative radiotherapy. Remission was obtained in three cases. One patient had a local and meningeal recurrence. The patient with metastatic carcinoma had pulmonary, bone, hepatic and brain progression.

CONCLUSION: Ductal carcinoma is a rare and aggressive tumor of the parotid gland. It can be primary or secondary. The treatment is based on surgery and radiotherapy. The prognosis is poor.},
}

@article {pmid33401758,
year = {2021},
author = {Mohr, H and Ballke, S and Bechmann, N and Gulde, S and Malekzadeh-Najafabadi, J and Peitzsch, M and Ntziachristos, V and Steiger, K and Wiedemann, T and Pellegata, NS},
title = {Mutation of the Cell Cycle Regulator p27kip1 Drives Pseudohypoxic Pheochromocytoma Development.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers13010126},
pmid = {33401758},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {CRC/Transregio 205/1, Project B11, B12 and S01 "The Adrenal: Central Relay in Health and Disease"//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; CRC 824 "Imaging for Selection, Monitoring and Individualization of Cancer Therapies", Project B8, A1/Z3 and Z2//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pseudohypoxic tumors activate pro-oncogenic pathways typically associated with severe hypoxia even when sufficient oxygen is present, leading to highly aggressive tumors. Prime examples are pseudohypoxic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (p-PPGLs), neuroendendocrine tumors currently lacking effective therapy. Previous attempts to generate mouse models for p-PPGLs all failed. Here, we describe that the rat MENX line, carrying a Cdkn1b (p27) frameshift-mutation, spontaneously develops pseudohypoxic pheochromocytoma (p-PCC).

METHODS: We compared rat p-PCCs with their cognate human tumors at different levels: histology, immunohistochemistry, catecholamine profiling, electron microscopy, transcriptome and metabolome. The vessel architecture and angiogenic potential of pheochromocytomas (PCCs) was analyzed by light-sheet fluorescence microscopy ex vivo and multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) in vivo.

RESULTS: The analysis of tissues at various stages, from hyperplasia to advanced grades, allowed us to correlate tumor characteristics with progression. Pathological changes affecting the mitochrondrial ultrastructure where present already in hyperplasias. Rat PCCs secreted high levels of norepinephrine and dopamine. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed changes in oxidative phosphorylation that aggravated over time, leading to an accumulation of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate, and to hypermethylation, evident by the loss of the epigenetic mark 5-hmC. While rat PCC xenografts showed high oxygenation, induced by massive neoangiogenesis, rat primary PCC transcriptomes possessed a pseudohypoxic signature of high Hif2a, Vegfa, and low Pnmt expression, thereby clustering with human p-PPGL.

CONCLUSION: Endogenous rat PCCs recapitulate key phenotypic features of human p-PPGLs. Thus, MENX rats emerge as the best available animal model of these aggressive tumors. Our study provides evidence of a link between cell cycle dysregulation and pseudohypoxia.},
}

@article {pmid33400149,
year = {2021},
author = {Has Simsek, D and Isik, EG and Engin, MN and Kuyumcu, S and Mudun, A and Sanli, Y},
title = {Somatostatin receptor-positive breast lesions on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT.},
journal = {Annals of nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {33400149},
issn = {1864-6433},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study sets out to evaluate patients with increased uptake in breast lesions on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT (DOTA PET) and determine the clinical significance of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positive breast lesions.

METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated all patients with increased SSTR uptake in breast lesions on DOTA PET. Patients with physiological (e.g., lactation) or normal variant breast uptake (e.g., mild diffuse glandular uptake) were excluded. The maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) was calculated using a manually drawn region of interest in the most intense uptake of breast lesions. All lesions were correlated with breast imaging, including mammography and ultrasonography. Histopathological correlation was performed if the lesion was suspicious for malignancy. Lesions were followed up radiologically (1-8 years).

RESULTS: Out of 1573 retrospectively analyzed DOTA PET scans, the incidence of SSTR + breast lesions was measured as 1.1% (n = 18); however, 4 of 18 patients were excluded due to the lack of final diagnosis of lesions. The median age was 35 (range 14-58 years), and all patients were female. The median SUVmax of SSTR + breast lesions was 5.2 (range 1.5-12.6) for a total of 14 patients. Twelve patients had a single SSTR + breast lesion, while 2 patients had multiple SSTR + lesions on bilateral breasts. In 6 patients, single SSTR + lesions were considered as fibroadenoma; in 2 patients, multiple SSTR + lesions were considered as metastases of NET, based on correlative breast imaging. In 6 patients, histopathological confirmation was needed for the final diagnosis. Histopathologic findings confirmed fibroadenoma in 4 patients by biopsy, in 1 patient with surgical removal of the lesion. The last patient who had a history of IDC was diagnosed with a recurrence of IDC with biopsy. The median SUVmax was 5.1 (range 1.5-9.4) for malignant breast lesions and 5.4 (range 2.2-12.6) for benign breast lesions.

CONCLUSION: SSTR + breast lesions on DOTA PET are rarely seen in clinical practice. Uptakes of breast lesions in our cases were variable and not useful for differential diagnosis of lesions. It seems that SSTR + breast lesions should be evaluated with clinical and radiological characteristics, and correlative breast imaging and/or histopathological verification should be performed for suspicious lesions to avoid misdiagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid33395878,
year = {2020},
author = {Bouri, S and Simon, P and D'Haene, N and Catteau, X and Noël, JC},
title = {Invasive ductal carcinoma arising in borderline phyllode tumor: A potential role of PIK3CA mutation.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {77},
number = {},
pages = {701-703},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.10.134},
pmid = {33395878},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Carcinomatous lesions associated with phyllodes tumors are extremely rare and are found in less than 1% of all cases. To date, the molecular biological mechanisms associated with this carcinomatous transformation remain unknown.

PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present here the case of a 61-year-old patient with invasive ductal of no special type (NST) carcinoma originating in a borderline phyllode tumor with mutation in the PIK3CA gene.

DISCUSSION: To the best of our knowledge, this mutation has never been described in this type of association.

CONCLUSION: Based on these data, we can better understand the ethiopathogenic molecular mechanisms in this type of lesion. Consequently, they could also in the future give rise to new therapeutic alternatives.},
}

@article {pmid33393046,
year = {2021},
author = {Pardo, JA and Fan, B and Mele, A and Serres, S and Valero, MG and Emhoff, I and Alapati, A and James, TA},
title = {The Role of Oncotype DX® Recurrence Score in Predicting Axillary Response After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {33393046},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Oncotype DX® recurrence score (RS) is well-recognized for guiding decision making in adjuvant chemotherapy; however, the predictive capability of this genomic assay in determining axillary response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) has not been established.

METHODS: Using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB), we identified patients diagnosed with T1-T2, clinically N1/N2, estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER +/HER2 -) invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast between 2010 and 2015. Patients with an Oncotype DX® RS who received NCT were included. RS was defined as low (< 18), intermediate (18-30), or high (> 30). Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed to determine the association between axillary pathologic complete response (pCR) and RS.

RESULTS: This study included a total of 158 women. RS was low in 56 (35.4%) patients, intermediate in 62 (39.2%) patients, and high in 40 (25.3%) patients. The majority of patients presented with clinical N1 disease (89.2%). Axillary pCR was achieved in 23 (14.6%) patients. When stratifying patients with axillary pCR by RS, 11 (47.8%) patients had a high RS, 6 (26.1%) patients had an intermediate RS, and 6 (26.1%) patients had a low RS. Comparing cohorts by RS, 27.5% of patients with high RS tumors had an axillary pCR, compared with only 9.7% in the intermediate RS group, and 10.7% in the low RS group (p = 0.0268).

CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that Oncotype DX® RS is an independent predictor of axillary pCR in patients with ER +/HER2 - breast cancers receiving NCT. A greater proportion of patients with a high RS achieved axillary pCR. These results support Oncotype DX® as a tool to improve clinical decision making in axillary management.},
}

@article {pmid33391657,
year = {2020},
author = {De Pauw, V and Navez, J and Holbrechts, S and Lemaitre, J},
title = {Acute appendicitis as an unusual cause of invasive ductal breast carcinoma metastasis.},
journal = {Journal of surgical case reports},
volume = {2020},
number = {12},
pages = {rjaa535},
doi = {10.1093/jscr/rjaa535},
pmid = {33391657},
issn = {2042-8812},
abstract = {Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of abdominal pain at the emergency room. In rare cases, it can be caused by malignancy, even metastatic lesions from extra-abdominal neoplasia. Herein, we report a case of a 64-year-old female with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast treated by chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and hormonotherapy, relapsing several years later as a bone and a pleura metastasis successfully cured by locoregional therapy and hormonal treatment. She presented with acute abdominal pain without signs of peritonitis. Abdominal computed tomodensitometry showed sign of appendicitis. Therefore, laparoscopic exploration and appendicectomy was performed. During surgery, multiple peritoneal nodules were found and harvested. Pathology showed metastatic nodules of invasive ductal breast carcinoma, including in the appendicular wall, concluding to peritoneal carcinomatosis. The postoperative course was uneventful, but the patient died 1 year later after refusing anticancer treatment.},
}

@article {pmid33389809,
year = {2021},
author = {Jackson, CR and Felty, CC and Marotti, JD and Rosenkranz, KM and Muller, KE},
title = {Encapsulated papillary carcinoma with and without frank invasion: Comparison of clinicopathologic features and role of axillary staging.},
journal = {The breast journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tbj.14153},
pmid = {33389809},
issn = {1524-4741},
abstract = {To investigate clinical and pathologic features of encapsulated papillary carcinomas (EPCs) that may be associated with invasive disease and characterize the axillary staging practices for EPCs at our institution. A pathology database search for cases containing "papillary carcinoma" was performed. Slides were reviewed by two pathologists. Clinicopathological features and axillary staging practices of EPCs with and without invasion were compared. Twenty-five cases of EPCs were identified. Fifteen cases contained a frank invasive tumor (60%), which were all pT1 (0.7 ± 0.56 cm), and the majority were ER-positive, HER2-negative, low-grade IDC-NST. Seventeen patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNB). No nodal metastases were identified. Follow-up was available for 24 patients (mean = 39 ± 29 months); 23 had no NED. Patients that presented with a self-palpated mass (versus screening) were more likely to have an invasive component; however, no pathologic or radiologic features differentiated EPCs with and without frank invasion. Pathologic and radiologic characteristics did not differentiate EPCs with and without frank invasion. EPCs have an excellent prognosis supported by the notable disease-free survival and negative nodal status in our cohort, which supports the notion that patients with EPCs may forgo axillary staging.},
}

@article {pmid33389406,
year = {2021},
author = {Ha, SM and Chang, JM and Kim, SY and Lee, SH and Kim, ES and Kim, YS and Cho, N and Moon, WK},
title = {Prediction of axillary nodal burden in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma using MRI.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {33389406},
issn = {1573-7217},
support = {HI15C1532//Korea Health Industry Development Institute/Republic of Korea ; HA17C0056//Ministry of Health and Welfare/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate clinical and imaging features associated with a high nodal burden (≥ 3 metastatic lymph nodes [LNs]) and compare diagnostic performance of US and MRI in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

METHODS: Retrospective search revealed 239 patients with ILC and 999 with IDC who underwent preoperative US and MRI between January 2016 and June 2019. Patients with ILC were propensity-score-matched with patients with IDC. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with ≥ 3 metastatic LNs.

RESULTS: 412 patients (206 ILC and 206 IDC) were evaluated. Of all patients with ILC, 27.2% (56/206) were node-positive and 7.8% (16/206) showed a high nodal burden. In multivariate analysis, the clinical N stage was the only independent factor associated with a high nodal burden in patients with IDC (odds ratio [OR] 6.24; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57-24.73; P = 0.009), but not in patients with ILC. Increased cortical thickness with loss of fatty hilum on US was associated with a high nodal burden in patients with ILC (OR 58.40; 95% CI 5.09-669.71; P = 0.001) and IDC (OR 24.14; 95% CI 3.52-165.37; P = 0.001), while suspicious LN findings at MRI were independently associated with a high nodal burden in ILC only (OR 13.94; 95% CI 2.61-74.39; P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION: In patients with ILC, MRI findings of suspicious LNs were helpful to predict a high nodal disease burden.},
}

@article {pmid33389280,
year = {2021},
author = {Rosenberg, A and Hamiel, D},
title = {Reducing Test Anxiety and Related Symptoms Using a Biofeedback Respiratory Practice Device: A Randomized Control Trial.},
journal = {Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {33389280},
issn = {1573-3270},
abstract = {Test Anxiety is a widespread psychological phenomenon. With prevalence rates of 20-40 percent of university students, it impedes adaptive functioning and life quality. Many available treatments for Test Anxiety involve the intervention of clinicians and usually a few months are required before symptom reduction is reported. The present randomized controlled trial examined a simple behavioral intervention-the use of breathing tools-as an exclusive therapy for Test Anxiety. Specifically, the efficacy of a biofeedback respiratory practice device was examined. 34 students were assigned to 3 treatment groups during their exam period: Biofeedback device group, self-directed breathing exercise group, and psychoeducation group. Self-report measures of Test Anxiety were collected pre- and post-intervention. Participants also reported additional exploratory measures such as depression and anxiety, quality of life, and their perceived adaptive functioning post-intervention. The results reveal that only participants from the biofeedback device group reported a significant reduction in Test Anxiety symptoms (p's < 0.05). Participants from the biofeedback device group also reported a decrease in depression and anxiety symptoms and an increase in psychological wellbeing (p's < 0.05), a subscale of the quality of life questionnaire. Findings support the notion that using biofeedback respiratory devices may reduce students' Test Anxiety symptoms. Indications for further research are discussed.},
}

@article {pmid33385274,
year = {2021},
author = {Kato, M and Hirakawa, A and Sato, H and Hanazawa, R and Naito, Y and Tochigi, K and Sano, T and Ishida, S and Funahashi, Y and Fujita, T and Matsukawa, Y and Hattori, R and Tsuzuki, T},
title = {Grade group 2 (10% ≥ GP4) patients have very similar malignant potential with grade group 1 patients, given the risk of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.},
journal = {International journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {33385274},
issn = {1437-7772},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: It has been argued that grade group 2 (GG2) with a low Gleason pattern 4 (GP4) proportion should be an indication for active surveillance (AS) of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the cut-off GP4 proportion for AS remains unclear. Here, we evaluated the effect of GP4 proportion and IDC-P on cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy (RP) in GG1 and GG2 patients, and identified candidates for AS.

METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 646 patients with PCa who underwent RP between 2005 and 2014, and whose specimens were of GG1 or GG2 status.

RESULTS: The GGs were as follows: GG1, 25.2% (n = 163); GG2 (5% ≥ GP4), 11.4% (n = 74); GG2 (5% < GP4 ≤ 10%), 25.9% (n = 167); and GG2 (20% ≤ GP4), 37.5% (n = 242). IDC-P was detected in 26 patients (4%), i.e., in 2/167 GG2 (5% < GP4 ≤ 10%; 1%) cases and 24/242 GG2 (20% ≤ GP4; 10%) cases. GG2 patients with IDC-P exhibited a significantly poorer prognosis than did those without IDC-P (P < 0.0001), as did GG2 (20% ≤ GP4) patients without IDC-P (P < 0.05). The GG2 (5% ≥ GP4) and (5% < GP4 ≤ 10%) groups exhibited prognoses similar to those of the GG1 patients. In multivariate analysis, GG2 (20% ≤ GP4) without IDC-P, the presence of IDC-P, and the prostate-specific antigen level at diagnosis significantly predicted prognosis (P < 0.05, < 0.0001, and < 0.0001, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that GG2 (GP4 ≤ 10%) patients could be indicated for AS, similar to GG1 patients, given the risk of IDC-P tumors.},
}

@article {pmid33380828,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhu, X and Xu, M and Zhao, X and Shen, F and Ruan, C and Zhao, Y},
title = {The Detection of Plasma Soluble Podoplanin of Patients with Breast Cancer and Its Clinical Signification.},
journal = {Cancer management and research},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {13207-13214},
pmid = {33380828},
issn = {1179-1322},
abstract = {Background: Podoplanin (PDPN) is a type-1 membrane sialoglycoprotein that is expressed in many cancer tumors including breast cancer; nonetheless, its roles in tumor occurrence, development, and metastasis are unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance of plasma soluble PDPN (sPDPN) levels in patients with breast cancer and its significance in the diagnosis and metastasis.

Materials and Methods: Blood samples from healthy controls (CTL), patients with fibroadenomas of breast (FOB), and breast cancer (pathological type: invasive ductal carcinoma, IDC) were collected. sPDPN levels in the plasma of CTL and patients with FOB and IDC were measured by the ELISA.

Results: The plasma sPDPN levels in IDC patients (159 cases, 22.59±3.70 ng/mL) were higher than those in FOB patients (50 cases, 8.29±1.09 ng/mL; P<0.05) and CTL (100 cases, 1.21±0.12 ng/mL; P<0.0001). The sPDPN levels in patients at stage III and stage IV (30.08±4.66 ng/mL) were higher than in patients at stage I and stage II (11.84±1.12 ng/mL; P=0.005). The sPDPN levels in patients with high-moderate and moderate differentiation (17.50±3.02 ng/mL) were lower than those in patients with moderately low and low differentiation (35.73±4.26 ng/mL; P=0.026). The sPDPN levels in patients with metastasis (30.60±4.27 ng/mL) were much higher than those in patients without metastasis (13.02±1.30 ng/mL; P=0.017).

Conclusion: Plasma sPDPN may be used as a new marker for the determination of the clinical stage, differentiation degree, and metastasis status of breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid33377394,
year = {2020},
author = {Toprak, N and Toktas, O and Ince, S and Gunduz, AM and Yokus, A and Akdeniz, H and Ozkacmaz, S},
title = {Does ARFI elastography complement B-mode ultrasonography in the radiological diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and invasive ductal carcinoma?.},
journal = {Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {284185120983568},
doi = {10.1177/0284185120983568},
pmid = {33377394},
issn = {1600-0455},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a chronic, unpleasant autoimmune inflammatory condition and is clinically and radiologically often confused with breast malignancy.

PURPOSE: To investigate the contributions of qualitative and quantitative aspects of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography to the differential diagnosis between IGM and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in the breast.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-four women with IDC and 39 with IGM were included in the study. Shear wave velocity (SWV) was calculated for all lesions using quantitative elastography. Next, each lesion's correspondence on qualitative elastographic images to those on the B-mode images was evaluated: pattern 1, no findings on elastography images; pattern 2, lesions that were bright inside; pattern 3, lesions that contained both bright and dark areas; and pattern 4, lesions that were dark inside. Pattern 4 was subdivided into 4a (dark area same size as lesion) and 4b (dark area larger than lesion size). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated.

RESULTS: The mean SWV based on ARFI elastography was 3.78 ± 1.26 m/s for IGM and 5.34 ± 1.43 m/s for IDC lesions (P < 0.05). Based on qualitative ARFI elastography, IDC lesions were mostly classified as pattern 4b, while IGM lesions were mostly classified as pattern 1 or 2 (P = 0.01). Evaluation of both the qualitative and quantitative aspects of ARFI elastography yielded a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 84%.

CONCLUSION: ARFI elastography may facilitate the differential diagnosis between IGM and IDC.},
}

@article {pmid33371804,
year = {2020},
author = {Ben-Gal Dahan, A and Mikulincer, M},
title = {Attachment and task persistence: attachment orientations, perception of teacher's responsiveness, and adolescents' persistence in academic tasks.},
journal = {Attachment & human development},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-22},
doi = {10.1080/14616734.2020.1865425},
pmid = {33371804},
issn = {1469-2988},
abstract = {The goal of the two studies reported here was to examine the contribution of adolescents' attachment orientations (anxiety, avoidance) and their perception of teacher's responsiveness to persistence in academic tasks. In Study 1 (N = 160), we assessed self-reports of persistence in schoolwork. In Study 2 (N = 240), we manipulated the symbolic presence of participants' teacher (teacher priming) and assessed their actual persistence in a cognitive task. Across the two studies, attachment anxiety was associated with decreased persistence, and the perception of teacher as a responsive figure contributed to heightened persistence and buffered the detrimental effects of attachment anxiety. Study 2's findings also showed that the beneficial effects of perceived teacher's responsiveness on actual task persistence were found only when the teacher was made contextually salient but not when the teacher was not salient. We discussed the dispositional and contextual sources of attachment security that contribute to task persistence.},
}

@article {pmid33371069,
year = {2020},
author = {Yue, L and Wentao, L and Xin, Z and Jingjing, H and Xiaoyan, Z and Na, F and Tonghui, M and Dalin, L},
title = {Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer with novel epidermal growth factor receptor -ZNF880 fusion and epidermal growth factor receptor E114K mutations effectively treated with pyrotinib: A case report.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {99},
number = {51},
pages = {e23406},
pmid = {33371069},
issn = {1536-5964},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In about 15% to 20% of breast cancer cases, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) over-expression or gene-amplification is associated with poor prognosis. Thanks to the development of target therapies, HER2 positive patients can be managed using HER2-targeting drugs. There are several kinds ofHER2 inhibitors, such as trastuzumab, lapatinib, and pyrotinib. Pyrotinib which exert different functions, of note, the latest generation of the drug, is an irreversible small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (HER1) and/or HER2 and/or HER4. Both lapatinib and pyrotinib potentially target EGFR and/or HER2, but in some instances, induces different responses of patients with EGFR and/or HER2 mutations. This is attributed to the different mutations in EGFR and HER2 genes, which may form distinct types of HER2 dimers, with different binding capacities to drugs.

PATIENT CONCERNS: Five years ago, a patient underwent a radical mastectomy in an external hospital. Results of the resection histopathology revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma, pT3N0M0, stage IIB, HER2 positive. The lady patient received 6 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and was subjected to adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for 1 year. After a regular 1-year follow-up and in March 2018, she complained of chest pain and visited our hospital. We diagnosed her with metastatic breast cancer, positive for HER2.

DIAGNOSIS: positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed multiple metastases in the lung and sternum, while the breast lesions did not progress, the curative effect of which we evaluated as a progressive disease. Then, lapatinib integrated with chemotherapy was administered to the patient. After 5 cycles of the treatment, the patient experienced lower back pain. Through CT examination, it was revealed that she had multiple metastases in the lung and sternum, in addition to new metastases in the lumbar spine and right lobe of the liver. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple metastases in the brain, and the disease further progressed. The results of circulating tumor DNA assays showed that other than HER2 amplification, novel EGFR-ZNF880 fusion and EGFR E114K mutations developed.

INTERVENTIONS: The patient was administered with a combination of pyrotinib with chemotherapy.

OUTCOMES: After 2 months of pyrotinib treatment, the metastases of the lung, sternum, lumbar spine, and right lobe of the liver disappeared. Also, the size of the brain metastases reduced while bone metastases were relieved. The curative effect was evaluated as a partial response. Following the results of circulating tumor DNA assays, HER2 amplification, EGFR-ZNF880 fusion, and EGFR E114K mutations disappeared. However, since a small lesion was present in the brain, the patient was subjected to radiotherapy in the head. Notably, after 9 months treatment with pyrotinib, enhanced CT indicated that tumors in the breast, liver, both lungs, brain, and bone were under control. The patient continually received oral pyrotinib, however, a new brain lesion appeared 6 months later. Overall, we managed to regulate the efficacy of pyrotinib for up to 15 months.

CONCLUSION: This case report demonstrates that EGFR-ZNF880 fusion and EGFR E114K mutations may contribute or lead to the formation of a special HER2 dimer, which is rapidly resistant to lapatinib but sensitive to pyrotinib. Of note, this is the first report that such a new fusion has been found.},
}

@article {pmid33370550,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, M and Zeng, W and Zhang, Z and Zhang, W and Su, H and Zhang, Z and Jiang, L and Liu, Y and Shi, Q},
title = {The Improvement of Immune Effect of Recombinant Human Beta-Defensin 2 on Hepatitis B Vaccine in Mice.},
journal = {Viral immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/vim.2020.0052},
pmid = {33370550},
issn = {1557-8976},
abstract = {Immunization with hepatitis B vaccine is an effective measure for prevention and control of hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. Although lots of efforts to improve the effect of hepatitis B vaccine have been made, the function of human beta defensin 2 (hBD2) on hepatitis B vaccine keeps unclear. In this article, we report that hBD2 not only promoted the activation and maturation of immature dendritic cells (iDCs) by increasing MHC II and CD86 expression, but it also significantly upregulated the mRNA level of IL-6 and IL-12B in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. The serum concentrations of IFN-γ in mice stimulated with 300 ng hBD2 increased from 25.21 to 42.04 pg/mL, with a time extension from 4 to 12 h post-injection. During the process of three times immunization (1, 14, 28 days) with 3 μg hepatitis B vaccine combined with or without 300 ng hBD2 with a 2 week interval in BALB/c mice, the antibody against HBsAg (HBsAb) concentration in serum at every time point of observation in the combined group was statistically higher than the hepatitis B vaccine group. The serum concentration of IgG2a subclass HBsAb on the 14th day post last injection in the combined group was significantly higher than the hepatitis B vaccine group. Further, the splenic cells from the mice treated with both hBD2 and hepatitis B vaccine possessed a greater ability to produce a surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) specific IFN-γ than those treated with hepatitis B vaccine alone. The percentages of CD3+/CD4+ T cells and CD3+/CD8+ T lymphocytes in spleens from the mice treated with 300 ng hBD2 were statistically higher than the phosphate buffered saline group. These data suggest that hBD2 improves iDC maturation and the immune efficiency of hepatitis B vaccine in BALB/c mice.},
}

@article {pmid33362595,
year = {2020},
author = {Haruvi Catalan, L and Levis Frenk, M and Adini Spigelman, E and Engelberg, Y and Barzilay, S and Mufson, L and Apter, A and Benaroya Milshtein, N and Fennig, S and Klomek, AB},
title = {Ultra-Brief Crisis IPT-A Based Intervention for Suicidal Children and Adolescents (IPT-A-SCI) Pilot Study Results.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychiatry},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {553422},
pmid = {33362595},
issn = {1664-0640},
abstract = {In recent years, suicidal behaviors have shown substantial increase worldwide. This trend is also prominent in Israel and has led to a dramatic increase in mental health treatment demand resulting in long wait times and low treatment acceptance rate. To address the critical need in crisis intervention for children and adolescents at suicidal risk we developed an ultra-brief acute crisis intervention, based on Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT). IPT is an evidence-based intervention for various psychopathologies among different age groups. The current adaptation of IPT-A is comprised of five weekly sessions, followed by monthly follow-up caring email contacts to the patients and their parents, over a period of 3 months. This paper aims to review the theoretical foundation of this intervention, describe the research design, and present preliminary results of a pilot study. Preliminary Results from our samples of 26 adolescents indicate meaningful trends for both the suicidal ideation (SIQ) and depression (MFQ) outcome measures. Significant interaction was found concerning suicidal ideation but not for depression. Main limitations include small sample size and stratified controls. The treatment appears to be safe, feasible and acceptable and initial results show promising trends to support further study of the approach.},
}

@article {pmid33362306,
year = {2020},
author = {Hasan-Aslih, S and Shuman, E and Pliskin, R and van Zomeren, M and Saguy, T and Halperin, E},
title = {With or without you: The paradoxical role of identification in predicting joint and ingroup collective action in intergroup conflict.},
journal = {European journal of social psychology},
volume = {50},
number = {6},
pages = {1334-1343},
pmid = {33362306},
issn = {0046-2772},
abstract = {While we have a rich understanding of the motivations of disadvantaged group members to act collectively with their group, especially the important role played by identification, we know less about the disadvantaged's motivations to engage in joint action with the advantaged. This research examines the role of identification in predicting joint and ingroup collective action in intergroup conflicts. Since joint action inherently diffuses the perception of "us versus them", we propose that identification predicts ingroup action, but not joint action. We also examine conflict intensity as a moderator, and examine how changing identification is linked to change in support for joint action. We test these hypotheses in a three-wave longitudinal study in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. Results support our hypotheses, demonstrating that identification positively predicts ingroup action but not necessarily joint action, and that when conflict intensifies, changes in identification are negatively related to joint action with outgroup members.},
}

@article {pmid33360037,
year = {2020},
author = {Alawami, HA and Al-Faraj, ZH and Al Duhileb, MA and AlOmran, HA and El Sayed, AA},
title = {Unusual collision tumor with infiltrating ductal carcinoma and breast skin squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {78},
number = {},
pages = {167-171},
pmid = {33360037},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type, on the other hand, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC) overlying the breast is a rare tumor. The co-presence of two tumor types in one organ is even a rarer entity, termed as collision tumor. Only 3 known cases of collision tumor with breast invasive ductal and skin squamous carcinoma were reported in the literature.

CASE PRESENTATION: An otherwise medically free 91-year-old, postmenopausal, female presented with left breast fungating mass for four months. Pre-operative core tissue biopsy and incisional skin biopsy revealed two distinct tumor subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma, positive for progesterone, estrogen receptors and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, as well as skin squamous cell carcinoma, and axillary lymph node metastasis. Patient underwent left breast modified radical mastectomy and split skin grafting for wound closure. The final histopathology was consistent with grade 2 IDC. The nipple and areola complex were involved by moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Currently patient on adjuvant hormonal treatment. Follow up showed no local recurrence or distal metastasis.

CONCLUSION: Collision tumors of the breast with IDC and SCC of the overlying skin is very rare. The surgeon has to be aware of of such entity as the proper peri-operative management should be tailored to target the most aggressive histologic subtype.},
}

@article {pmid33360004,
year = {2020},
author = {Venkatesh, SL and Oseni, TO and Bahl, M},
title = {Symptomatic ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): Upstaging risk and predictors.},
journal = {Clinical imaging},
volume = {73},
number = {},
pages = {101-107},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.11.050},
pmid = {33360004},
issn = {1873-4499},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To estimate the upstaging risk of symptomatic ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive disease and to identify features related to upstaging risk.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective investigation includes symptomatic women with DCIS at core needle biopsy from January 2007 to December 2016 at a large academic institution. Patient characteristics, findings at imaging, core needle biopsy histopathology results, and final surgical histopathology results were retrieved from the medical records. Using standard statistical tests, patient, imaging, and pathology features were compared between DCIS cases that were upstaged to invasive disease at surgery versus cases that were not upstaged.

RESULTS: From 2007 to 2016, fewer than 5% (63/1399) of women diagnosed with DCIS presented with symptoms. Therefore, 63 women (mean age, 51; range, 27-88 years) comprised the study cohort. 84.1% (n = 53) presented with an area of clinical concern, and 15.9% (n = 10) presented with pathologic nipple discharge. The most common finding at mammography was calcifications with or without an associated asymmetry or mass (74.1%, 40/54). The upstaging rate of symptomatic DCIS to invasive disease was 34.9% (22/63). Imaging modality used for biopsy was associated with higher upstaging risk, with cases that were biopsied under MRI guidance accounting for 22.7% of upstaged cases versus 4.9% of non-upstaged cases (p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS: Women with DCIS uncommonly present with symptoms, and the upstaging rate of symptomatic DCIS is high at nearly 35%. Biopsy modality type of MRI is associated with higher upstaging risk.},
}

@article {pmid33356097,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhong, S and Wong, HC and Low, HY and Zhao, R},
title = {Phototriggerable Transient Electronics via Fullerene-Mediated Degradation of Polymer:Fullerene Encapsulation Layer.},
journal = {ACS applied materials & interfaces},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.0c18795},
pmid = {33356097},
issn = {1944-8252},
abstract = {Transient electronics is an emerging class of electronics that has attracted a lot of attention because of its potential as an environmental-friendly alternative to the existing end-of-life product disposal or treatments. However, the controlled degradation of transient electronics under environmentally benign conditions remains a challenge. In this work, the tunable degradation of transient electronics including passive resistor devices and active memory devices was realized by photodegradable thin polymer films comprising fullerene derivatives, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl esters (PCBM). The photodegradation of polymer:PCBM under an aqueous environment is triggered by ultraviolet (UV) light. Experimental results demonstrate that the addition of PCBM in commodity polymers, including but not limited to polystyrene, results in a catalytic effect on polymer photodegradation when triggered by UV light. The degradation mechanism of transient electronics is ascribed to the photodegradation of polymer:PCBM encapsulation layers caused by the synergistic effect between UV and water exposure. The polymer:PCBM encapsulation system presented herein offers a simple way to achieve the realization of light-triggered device degradation for bioapplication and expands the material options for tailorable degradation of transient electronics.},
}

@article {pmid33355663,
year = {2020},
author = {Duguid, RC and Al Reesi, M and Bartlett, AW and Palasanthiran, P and McMullan, BJ},
title = {Impact of Infectious Diseases Consultation on Management and Outcome of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia in Children.},
journal = {Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jpids/piaa155},
pmid = {33355663},
issn = {2048-7207},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To examine the impact of infectious diseases consultation (IDC) on the management and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in children.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of children with SAB at a teritary pediatric hospital (January 2009-June 2015) identified by medical record review as to whether they received an IDC for SAB at the discretion of the admitting physician or surgeon was conducted. Differences in management and outcomes for those with and without IDC were evaluated, and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with cure.

RESULTS: There were 100 patients included in the analysis. Fifty-five patients received IDC and 45 had no IDC (NIDC). Appropriate directed therapy within 24 hours (54/55 = 98.2% vs 34/45 = 75.6%, P < .01), choice (54/55 = 98.2% vs 37/45 = 82.2%, P < .01), dose (54/55 = 98.2% vs 36/45 = 80%, P < .01), and duration (52/55 = 94.5% vs 24/45 = 53.3%, P < .01) of directed antibiotic therapy were appropriate in more IDC group patients. Achievement of source control in indicated cases was also more common in the IDC group (28/32 = 87.5% vs 5/26 = 19.1%, P < .01). Appropriate investigation with repeat blood cultures and echocardiograms was not significantly different. All 55 patients in the IDC group had a complete response (cure) compared with 40 of the 45 (88.9%) patients in the NIDC group: 2 patients died and 3 patients had a relapse of infection with subsequent cure. In multivariate regression analysis, methicillin-susceptible SAB and IDC were factors independently associated with cure.

CONCLUSIONS: Children who received IDC for SAB in a tertiary pediatric setting were more likely to have appropriate investigations and management and had improved outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid33348399,
year = {2020},
author = {Reis, APAM and Teixeira, CMS and Medeiros, ARL and Chaves, KZC and Albuquerque, CR and Melo, MR},
title = {Sociodemographic and Clinical-pathological Study of Molecular Subtitles of Breast Carcinoma in a Reference Unit of Maranhão.},
journal = {Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia},
volume = {42},
number = {12},
pages = {820-828},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1719147},
pmid = {33348399},
issn = {1806-9339},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the distribution of the main sociodemographic and clinical-pathological characteristics in women with breast cancer according to the molecular profile by immunohistochemistry.

METHODS: A cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical and quantitative study was performed, with an analysis of 137 medical records from January 2015 to December 2018 of women attending the High Complexity in Oncology Unit of the city of Imperatriz, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The immunohistochemical profile of tumors based on the estrogen and progesterone receptor, Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-type 2 (HER2) overexpression and Ki67 cell proliferation index was defined, from which six molecular subtypes were determined: luminal A, luminal B-HER2 negative, luminal B-HER2 positive, triple negative, overexpression of HER2 and inconclusive.

RESULTS: A total of 52.6% of the patients were postmenopausal, mean age 52.1 years old, brown (56.2%), had a schooling level < 9 years (40%), staging > IIB (52.6%) and 23.4% had metastasis. Invasive ductal carcinoma accounted for 84.7%, tumor size was 2 to 5 cm (48.9%), with lymph node involvement (56.2%), axillary lymphadenectomy in 67.2%, and mastectomy in 73.7% of the patients. The most frequent molecular subtype was the luminal B-HER2 negative (36.5%), and the luminal A subtype showed characteristics of better prognosis when compared with the others.

CONCLUSION: It was concluded that in the association of molecular subtypes with sociodemographic and clinical-pathological characteristics, there were no statistically significant results obtained, except for complementary therapy, referring to hormone therapy, and there was a high index of metastasis at diagnosis, which was a worrying factor and indicative of failures in the screening and early diagnosis of this population.},
}

@article {pmid33344602,
year = {2020},
author = {Yang, P and Peng, SJ and Dong, YM and Yang, L and Yang, ZY and Hu, XE and Bao, GQ},
title = {Neoadjuvant targeted therapy for apocrine carcinoma of the breast: A case report.},
journal = {World journal of clinical cases},
volume = {8},
number = {23},
pages = {6036-6042},
pmid = {33344602},
issn = {2307-8960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is a special type of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast that is rare in clinical practice. Neoadjuvant therapy, especially neoadjuvant targeted therapy, has rarely been reported for apocrine carcinoma of the breast.

CASE SUMMARY: A 63-year-old woman presented with apocrine carcinoma of the left breast underwent core needle biopsy. The patient was diagnosed with apocrine carcinoma by immunohistochemical staining and negative hormone status (estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor) but showed overexpression of human epidermal factor receptor 2 (HER-2). Moreover, positive expression of androgen receptor (approximately 60%) and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 was observed. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant targeted therapy consisting of the TCH regimen (docetaxel, carboplatin area under curve 6 and trastuzumab) every 21 d. The mass in the left breast was significantly reduced, and pain in the breast and left upper arm also improved.

CONCLUSION: HER-2 positive apocrine carcinoma of the breast can be improved by neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy.},
}

@article {pmid33343986,
year = {2019},
author = {Fehl, A and Ferrari, S and Wecht, Z and Rosenzweig, M},
title = {Breast Cancer in the Transgender Population.},
journal = {Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {387-394},
pmid = {33343986},
issn = {2150-0878},
abstract = {ES is a 41-year-old transgender male who presented to medical oncology as a referral from surgical oncology for T2N0M0 right breast cancer. At that time, he was receiving weekly testosterone injections intramuscularly at 0.25 mg, and had been on this regimen for 7 months. He was planning bilateral mastectomies in the spring. That winter, he palpated a mass in his right breast, and imaging revealed a 2.5-cm hypoechoic mass. A biopsy of the mass revealed invasive ductal carcinoma, with a nuclear grade of 3. His tumor was estrogen receptor positive (H-score of 180), progesterone receptor positive (H-score of 90), androgen receptor positive (H-score of 220), and HER-2/neu positive by FISH, with a Ki-67 of 90%. The clinical experience of ES illustrates challenges common to the sexual and gender minority population. ES presented to the clinic with a female friend. At that time, his name and gender in the electronic medical record (EMR) matched his driver's license, and not his preferred name or gender. Consequently, when he was called from the waiting room, he was called by his former name. The staff had not been notified of the appropriate name or pronoun to use prior to ES's arrival, and consequently was associating ES with a female gender, as indicated in the EMR. When the question about menstrual status was addressed, he stated that he had not had a period in 7 months since beginning testosterone treatment. The medical assistant questioned the use of testosterone, and ES had to explain his gender reassignment journey. By the time the physician assistant (PA) entered the room to perform the first part of the shared visit, ES was visibly upset, expressing anger with nonverbal cues. During the conversation, the PA did not acknowledge or establish the relationship of ES's female friend. The PA did not address the issue of gender identity, the use of testosterone, or plans for reassignment surgery. The physician also deferred discussion of gender reassignment during his portion of the visit and, without asking about gender reassignment, recommended cessation of testosterone therapy. Neoadjuvant docetaxel/cyclophosphamide/trastuzumab/pertuzumab was ordered, and ES agreed to treatment, but declined following the suggestion to stop testosterone. At each treatment visit, ES had to check in at the desk with his former name, resulting in confusion from the staff. With each lab draw, his name and birthdate were confirmed using the former name. With every administration of chemotherapy, double-nurse verification at the chairside was performed by reading his arm band and comparing it to the drug label. For each visit, ES had to use his old name six times. With new staff assigned to him each week, he felt pressured to explain his gender identity to several new people at each visit. At one particular visit, a patient's family in the next cubicle overheard this conversation, and ES overheard them discussing and laughing about his gender identity. ES dreaded his chemotherapy appointments not just due to the expected toxicity, but also because of the insensitivity toward his chosen gender. ES tolerated chemotherapy and proceeded to surgery. He underwent bilateral mastectomies by the surgical oncologist, who had discussed his gender reassignment with him and had referred him to plastic surgery for co-management of the surgical intervention. The plastic surgery team planned for reconstruction to include skin and soft-tissue rearrangement to give an incision line along the lower border of the pectoralis for better male cosmetic outcomes. Together, they performed bilateral mastectomies with right sentinel lymph node biopsy, horizontal mastopexy, and nipple-areolar grafting. Ultimately, the pathology revealed a complete response, and ES was pleased with the cosmetic outcome. ES was then started on tamoxifen. Again it was suggested that he discontinue testosterone therapy. He determined that he was more comfortable with an increased risk of recurrence than he was with feminine physical characteristics and chose to continue testosterone. After 6 weeks of tamoxifen, his menses resumed. He elected to discontinue tamoxifen. He had no more vaginal bleeding after that episode. He was referred for bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy (BSO), with the intent to treat with an aromatase inhibitor. He proceeded with BSO and opted against the aromatase inhibitor, citing concerns about unknown interactions with gender-affirming medication. He completed 1 year of trastuzumab (Herceptin) and continued surveillance visits.},
}

@article {pmid33342987,
year = {2020},
author = {Shinseki, K and Takahashi, M and Kushima, A and Nakamoto, T and Wakata, M and Nakajima, T and Toda, T and Ito, K and Fujibayashi, M},
title = {[One Case of Accessory Breast Cancer Complicated by Contralateral Breast Cancer].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {47},
number = {12},
pages = {1703-1705},
pmid = {33342987},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Axilla ; *Breast Diseases ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mastectomy ; Middle Aged ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; },
abstract = {We experienced a case of right sided accessory breast cancer complicated by contralateral breast cancer. A 50-year-old woman came to us for an examination because a tumor in her left breast was pointed out at breast cancer screening. A breast MRI confirmed a tumor in her left breast and a tumor continuing from the skin to the subcutis of the right axilla. A skin biopsy for the tumor in the right axilla and a core needle biopsy(CNB)for the tumor in the left breast were performed. The pathological result of the CNB for the left breast indicated an invasive ductal carcinoma of the tubular formative scirrhous type. Although the tumor of the right axilla was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma demonstrating cord-like arrays, it was examined by skin biopsy and therefore no deep part of the tissue was included. We conducted immunostaining, in consideration of the possibility of metastasis from the left sided breast cancer. ER, PgR, mammaglobin, GATA 3 were positive, strongly suggesting that the tumor in the right axilla was also derived from a mammary gland. We also performed a wide local excision of the right axilla plus axillary dissection(level Ⅰ)in addition to conducting a left mastectomy plus sentinel lymph node biopsy, in consideration of the possibility of primary right sided accessory breast cancer. The pathological result following surgery confirmed a difference in the histologic features between both sides, residual normal accessory mammary glands around the tumor on the right side, and the presence of rich DCIS and a lobular replacement image, leading to a definitive diagnosis of primary invasive ductal carcinoma of the accessory breast on the right side.},
}

Axilla
*Breast Diseases
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications/surgery
Female
Humans
Lymph Node Excision
Lymph Nodes
Lymphatic Metastasis
Mastectomy
Middle Aged
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

@article {pmid33342807,
year = {2020},
author = {Mohapatra, M and Sarma, YS},
title = {A study on clinico-pathological assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast carcinoma.},
journal = {Journal of cancer research and therapeutics},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {1419-1425},
doi = {10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_295_19},
pmid = {33342807},
issn = {1998-4138},
abstract = {Context: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has become a strategy in the multidisciplinary treatment approach to breast cancer. Since clinical and radiological responses do not correlate well with residual tumor after treatment, pathological evaluation of tumor response to chemotherapy is essential for accurate assessment.

Aims: The aim of this study is to assess clinicopathological response to NACT in patients with invasive breast carcinoma.

Settings and Design: Single institution, retrospective study was conducted for 4 years.

Subjects and Methods: The study included 95 cases with the clinical diagnosis of locally advanced breast cancer and invasive breast carcinoma on histopathological examination of core needle biopsy/lumpectomy specimen. These cases were assessed for estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptors and treated with four cycles of NACT (adriamycin-cyclophosphamide) therapy. Histopathological examination of postchemo modified radical mastectomy specimens was performed following standard protocol. The pathological response of tumor to chemotherapy was assessed on Miller-Payne grading (MPG) and residual disease in breast and lymph node (RDBN) level.

Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed in percentages and presented in charts and tables.

Results: Histopathological examination of pre-chemo biopsy specimens revealed invasive ductal carcinoma No special type (NST) in maximum, 89 (93.7%) cases. Majority 43 (45.3%) cases were HER2-positive followed by estrogen receptor-positive and/or progesterone receptor positive and HER2-positive type seen in 23 (24.2%) cases and 22 (23.1%) cases were triple negative. Sixteen (16.8%) and 76 (80%) cases showed pathological complete response (pCR) and partial pathological response, respectively, to NACT on MPG; 12 (12.6%) and 83 (87.4%) cases showed pCR and residual disease, respectively, on RDBN level. Majority 37.5% and 50% of cases showing pCR on MPG and RDBN level, respectively, were triple negative.

Conclusions: This study highlights the clinicopathological response to NACT in carcinoma breast patients and identifies the molecular subtypes of these patients likely to respond to NACT.},
}

@article {pmid33342786,
year = {2020},
author = {Yadav, BS and Sharma, SC and Singh, R and Dahiya, D and Ghoshal, S},
title = {Male breast cancer: Outcome with adjuvant treatment.},
journal = {Journal of cancer research and therapeutics},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {1287-1293},
doi = {10.4103/jcrt.JCRT_1305_16},
pmid = {33342786},
issn = {1998-4138},
abstract = {Introduction: Male breast cancer (MBC) incidence is <1%, but it is increasing. MBC incidence increases with age. There are no randomized trials on MBC because of low number of patients seen in any institution and hence its management is derived from breast cancer (BC) in women. In this study, we analyzed outcome in MBC patients with adjuvant treatment.

Materials and Methods: From 1991 to 2014, 81 men with BC were retrospectively analyzed for demographic, clinicopathological, and treatment outcomes. Disease-free survival (DFS) was defined as time duration from diagnosis to first recurrence. Overall survival (OS) was defined as time duration from pathologic diagnosis to death or last follow-up with any death defined as an event. DFS and OS were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method and compared between patients receiving and not receiving adjuvant treatment using log-rank test.

Results: The median age was 57 years (range 30-86 years). Right, left, and bilateral BCs were seen in 41 (51%), 38 (47%), and 2 (2%) men, respectively. The mean duration of symptoms was 25 months (range 1-240 months). Comorbidity and family history was present in 31 (38%) and 3 (4%) men, respectively. The mean tumor size was 5 cm × 5 cm (range, 1 cm × 1 cm to 10 cm × 10 cm). Nipple was involved in 46 (57%) men. Early, locally advanced, and metastatic disease were seen in ??30 (37%), 34 (42%), and 17 (21%) men, respectively. Majority (71, 88%) of men had invasive ductal carcinoma histology. In radically treated 64 men, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given to 12 (19%) patients (fluorouracil, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide [FAC] to 9 and FAC + taxanes to 3), with CR in 4 (33.3%) and partial response (PR) in 8 (66.7%) patients. Mastectomy was done in 55 (86%) and wide local excision in 9 (14%) men. Margins and nodes were positive in 17 (27%) and 38 (59%) men, respectively. Estrogen receptor, PR, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu positive were seen in 27 (42%), 17 (26.5%), and 2 (3%) patients, respectively. Adjuvant hypofractionated radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and tamoxifen were received by 51 (80%), 35 (55%), and 45 (70%) men, respectively. Median follow-up was 60 months (range 4-278 months). Locoregional recurrence occurred in 8 (12.5%) and distant metastasis in 22 (34%) men, respectively. DFS and OS at 10 years were 42% and 53%, respectively. DFS and OS were significantly better in men with adjuvant radiation (54% vs. 24%, P = 0.007 and 57% vs. 35%, P = 0.022, respectively) and hormonal therapy (57% vs. 14.5%, P = 0.004 and 62% vs. 39%, P = 0.045, respectively). Chemotherapy had no impact on DFS and OS.

Conclusion: Adjuvant hypofractionated radiotherapy and hormonal therapy significantly improved DFS and OS in MBC patients. Chemotherapy had no impact on DFS and OS.},
}

@article {pmid33336932,
year = {2020},
author = {Liang, RB and Yu, K and Wu, JL and Liu, JX and Lin, Q and Li, B and Zhang, YQ and Ge, QM and Li, QY and Shu, HY and Shao, Y},
title = {Risk factors and their diagnostic values for ocular metastases in invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/cam4.3656},
pmid = {33336932},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {20181BBG70004//Key Research Foundation of Jiangxi Province/ ; 81660158//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2018A060//Health Development Planning Commission Science TCM Foundation of Jiangxi Province/ ; 20192BCBL23020//Excellent Talents Development Project of jiangxi Province/ ; 20175116//Health Development Planning Commission Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province/ ; 20201032//Health Development Planning Commission Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province/ ; 20188003//Grassroots Health Appropriate Technology "Spark Promotion Plan" Project of Jiangxi Province/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a major type of breast cancer. Ocular metastasis (OM) in IDC is rarely seen, but patients with OM often have a poor prognosis. Furthermore, OM is difficult to detect in the early stages by common imaging examinations. In the present study, we tried to figure out the risk factors of OM in IDC and evaluate their diagnostic values for early detection. There were 1192 IDC patients who were divided into two groups according to ocular metastasis involved in this study. Clinical parameters of those patients were used to detect differences. The binary logistic regression test was then used to determine the risk factors of OM in IDC. Furthermore, ROC curves of both single and combined risk factors were established to examine their diagnostic values. The incidence of axillary lymph node metastases was significantly higher in the OM group (p = 0.002). Higher carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153), lower apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and hemoglobin (Hb) were risk factors for OM in IDC (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.038, respectively). In the single risk factor ROC analysis, cutoff values of CA153, ApoA1, and Hb were 43.3 u/mL (CI: 0.966-0.984, p < 0.001), 1.11 g/L (CI: 0.923-0.951, p < 0.001), and 112 g/L (CI: 0.815-0.857, p < 0.001), respectively. Among the ROC curves of combined risk factors, CA153+ApoA1+Hb had the best accuracy, with the sensitivity and specificity of 89.47% and 99.32%, respectively (CI: 0.964-0.983, p < 0.001). CA153, ApoA1, and Hb are risk factors for OM in IDC. In clinical practice, the three parameters could be used as predictive factors for the early detection of OM.},
}

@article {pmid33335279,
year = {2020},
author = {Zeng, Y and Gao, W and Chen, X and Shen, K},
title = {Comprehensive analysis of the 21-gene recurrence score in invasive ductal breast carcinoma with or without ductal carcinoma in situ component.},
journal = {British journal of cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {33335279},
issn = {1532-1827},
support = {81772797//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is often accompanied by ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Whether the DCIS component affects the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) is unclear.

METHODS: Consecutive ER-positive, HER2-negative, N0-1 patients with RS results were included. Patients were divided into pure IDC and IDC with DCIS (IDC/DCIS) groups. The RS, the expression of its 16 cancer genes and prognosis were compared between IDC and IDC/DCIS patients.

RESULTS: A total of 1458 patients were enrolled, 320 of whom had concomitant DCIS. DCIS component was independently associated with lower RS (P = 0.038). IDC/DCIS patients more often had a low-risk RS (P = 0.018) or intermediate-risk RS (P = 0.024). Regarding individual genes in the RS panel, Ki67, CCNB1 and MYBL2 in the proliferation group and MMP11 and CTSL2 in the invasion group were significantly lower among IDC/DCIS patients than pure IDC patients. Among IDC/DCIS patients, lower RS was independently correlated with a higher DCIS proportion and lower DCIS grade. Within a median follow-up of 31 months, the DCIS component in IDC did not significantly influence prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS: IDC with DCIS component is associated with a lower 21-gene RS, possibly due to lower expression of proliferation and invasion genes. DCIS proportion and grade independently influenced the 21-gene RS in IDC/DCIS patients. Due to the relatively short follow-up period and low recurrence rate, the impact of the DCIS component in IDC on prognosis needs further evaluation.},
}

@article {pmid33331427,
year = {2020},
author = {Bertoldi, AS and Guetter, CR and Coltro, GA and Vosgerau, LM and Brighenti, LMV and Fauat, NI and Kubrusly, FB and Marques, CAM and Kubrusly, LF},
title = {CARVEDILOL AS PRIMARY PROPHYLAXIS FOR GASTRIC VARICEAL BLEEDING IN PORTAL HYPERTENSION MODEL IN RATS.},
journal = {Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian archives of digestive surgery},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {e1525},
pmid = {33331427},
issn = {2317-6326},
mesh = {Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/*administration & dosage ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents/*administration & dosage ; Carvedilol/*administration & dosage ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications/prevention & control ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology/*prevention & control ; Hypertension, Portal/*complications ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Portal hypertension (PH) can be measured indirectly through a hepatic vein pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. Cirrhosis is the leading cause for PH and can present as complications ascites, hepatic dysfunction, renal dysfunction, and esophagogastric varices, characterizing gastropathy.

AIM: To evaluate the use of carvedilol as primary prophylaxis in the development of collateral circulation in rats submitted to the partial portal vein ligament (PPVL) model.

METHOD: This is a combined qualitative and quantitative experimental study in which 32 Wistar rats were divided into four groups (8 animals in each): group I - cirrhosis + carvedilol (PPVL + C); group II - cirrhosis + vehicle (PPVL); group III - control + carvedilol (SO-sham-operated + C); group IV - control + vehicle (SO-sham-operated). After seven days of the surgical procedure (PPVL or sham), carvedilol (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (1 mL normal saline) were administered to the respective groups daily for seven days.

RESULTS: The histological analysis showed no hepatic alteration in any group and a decrease in edema and vasodilatation in the PPVL + C group. The laboratory evaluation of liver function did not show a statistically significant change between the groups.

CONCLUSION: Carvedilol was shown to have a positive effect on gastric varices without significant adverse effects.},
}

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/*administration & dosage
Animals
Antihypertensive Agents/*administration & dosage
Carvedilol/*administration & dosage
Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications/prevention & control
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology/*prevention & control
Hypertension, Portal/*complications
Rats
Rats, Wistar

@article {pmid33329930,
year = {2020},
author = {Gelezhe, PB and Blokhin, IA and Marapov, DI and Morozov, SP},
title = {Quantitative parameters of MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the prediction of breast cancer prognosis and molecular type: an original study.},
journal = {American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {279-292},
pmid = {33329930},
issn = {2160-8407},
abstract = {The purpose of this work is to evaluate the quantitative parameters of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), particularly diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) as well as positron-emission tomography, combined with computer tomography (PET/CT), with 18F-fluorodesoxyglucose, in the prediction of breast cancer molecular type. We studied the correlation between a set of parameters in the invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS) as it is the most common invasive breast tumor. The parameters were as follows: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in DWI, positive enhancement integral (PEI) in DCE, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in 18F-FDG PET/CT, tumor size, grade, and Ki-67 index, level of lymph node metastatic lesions. We also evaluated the probability of a statistically significant difference in mean ADC, PEI, and SUVmax values for patient groups with different Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) and molecular tumor type. Statistically significant correlations between SUVmax, tumor size, and NPI, mean and minimal ADC values with Ki-67 and molecular tumor type were found. The PEI showed a correlation with the NPI risk level and was characterized by a relationship with the magnitude of the predicted NPI risk and regional lymph node involvement. The prognostic model created in our work allows for NPI risk group prediction. The SUVmax, ADC and PEI are non-invasive prognostic markers in the invasive breast cancer of no specific type. The correlation between ADC values and the expression of some tumor receptors can be used for in vivo molecular tumor type monitoring and treatment adjustment.},
}

@article {pmid33329538,
year = {2020},
author = {Niespolo, C and Johnston, JM and Deshmukh, SR and Satam, S and Shologu, Z and Villacanas, O and Sudbery, IM and Wilson, HL and Kiss-Toth, E},
title = {Tribbles-1 Expression and Its Function to Control Inflammatory Cytokines, Including Interleukin-8 Levels are Regulated by miRNAs in Macrophages and Prostate Cancer Cells.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {574046},
pmid = {33329538},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {The pseudokinase TRIB1 controls cell function in a range of contexts, by regulating MAP kinase activation and mediating protein degradation via the COP1 ubiquitin ligase. TRIB1 regulates polarization of macrophages and dysregulated Trib1 expression in murine models has been shown to alter atherosclerosis burden and adipose homeostasis. Recently, TRIB1 has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, where it is often overexpressed, even in the absence of genetic amplification. Well described TRIB1 effectors include MAP kinases and C/EBP transcription factors, both in immune cells and in carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms that regulate TRIB1 itself remain elusive. Here, we show that the long and conserved 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of TRIB1 is targeted by miRNAs in macrophage and prostate cancer models. By using a systematic in silico analysis, we identified multiple "high confidence" miRNAs potentially binding to the 3'UTR of TRIB1 and report that miR-101-3p and miR-132-3p are direct regulators of TRIB1 expression and function. Binding of miR-101-3p and miR-132-3p to the 3'UTR of TRIB1 mRNA leads to an increased transcription and secretion of interleukin-8. Our data demonstrate that modulation of TRIB1 by miRNAs alters the inflammatory profile of both human macrophages and prostate cancer cells.},
}

@article {pmid33329225,
year = {2020},
author = {Roth, Y and Plonsky, O and Shalev, E and Erev, I},
title = {On the Value of Alert Systems and Gentle Rule Enforcement in Addressing Pandemics.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {577743},
pmid = {33329225},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge to policy makers on how to encourage compliance to social distancing and personal protection rules. This paper compares the effectiveness of two policies that aim to increase the frequency of responsible health behavior using smartphone-tracking applications. The first involves enhanced alert capabilities, which remove social externalities and protect the users from others' reckless behavior. The second adds a rule enforcement mechanism that reduces the users' benefit from reckless behavior. Both strategies should be effective if agents are expected-value maximizers, risk averse, and behave in accordance with cumulative prospect theory (Tversky and Kahneman, 1992) or in accordance with the Cognitive Hierarchy model (Camerer et al., 2004). A multi-player trust-game experiment was designed to compare the effectiveness of the two policies. The results reveal a substantial advantage to the enforcement application, even one with occasional misses. The enhanced-alert strategy was completely ineffective. The findings align with the small samples hypothesis, suggesting that decision makers tend to select the options that lead to the best payoff in a small sample of similar past experiences. In the current context, the tendency to rely on a small sample appears to be more consequential than other deviations from rational choice.},
}

@article {pmid33328559,
year = {2020},
author = {Wu, SG and Yang, SP and Zhang, WW and Wang, J and Lian, CL and Chen, YX and He, ZY},
title = {The longitudinal risk of mortality between invasive ductal carcinoma and metaplastic breast carcinoma.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {22070},
pmid = {33328559},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The management of metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) has largely paralleled the paradigms used for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in the current National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines of breast cancer. However, patients with IDC and MBC have been shown to have a different prognosis, and there are significant differences in risk and failure patterns after treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) and hazard function between IDC and MBC. We included patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program with stage I-III IDC and MBC between 2000 and 2012. Statistical analyses were including chi-square analysis, life-table methods, multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, and propensity score matching (PSM). We identified 294,719 patients; 293,199 patients with IDC and 1520 patients with MBC. Multivariate analyses showed that the MBC subtype had significantly lower BCSS than the IDC subtype before and after PSM (p < 0.001). There were significant differences in the hazard curve between IDC and MBC. The hazard curve for breast cancer mortality in the IDC cohort peaked at 3 years (2%), and then changed to a slowly decreasing plateau after prolonged follow up. However, the hazard curve for breast cancer mortality in the MBC cohort peaked at 2 years (7%), then declined sharply between 3 and 6 years, and changed to a low death rate after a follow-up time exceeding 6 years. Subgroup analyses revealed that the hazard curves significantly differed between IDC and MBC after stratifying by tumor stage and hormone receptor status. Our study suggests that patients with MBC should receive more effective systemic agents and intensive follow-up because of their significantly augmented risk of death compared to IDC patients.},
}

@article {pmid33327281,
year = {2020},
author = {Guan, X and Xu, G and Shi, A and Zou, Y and Zhan, Y and Fan, Z and Dong, Y},
title = {Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis among patients with pure invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma coexisted with invasive micropapillary carcinoma, and invasive ductal carcinoma coexisted with ductal carcinoma in situ: A retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {99},
number = {50},
pages = {e23487},
pmid = {33327281},
issn = {1536-5964},
abstract = {This paper aimed to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of invasive ductal carcinoma with an invasive micropapillary carcinoma component (IDC + IMPC), invasive ductal carcinoma with a ductal carcinoma in situ component (IDC + DCIS), and compare the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis to those of IDC.A total of 1713 patients (130 IDC + IMPC cases, 352 IDC + DCIS cases, and 1231 pure IDC cases) who underwent appropriate surgery from June 2011 to September 2017 were retrospectively selected.Compared to the pure IDC and IDC + DCIS patients, the IDC + IMPC patients presented with more aggressive characteristics, such as a higher proportion of vascular invasion (P < .001), fewer progesterone receptor (PR)-positive patients (P < .001), a lower proportion of cases in American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I (P < .001), a higher recurrence risk (P < .001), more deaths (P < .001), and more metastatic cases (P < .001). Compared to the pure IDC and IDC + IMPC patients, the IDC+DCIS patients presented with less aggressive characteristics, such as a higher proportion of estrogen receptor-positive patients (P < .001) and PR-positive patients (P < .001), a lower proportion of cases with nerve invasion (P < .001) and vascular invasion (P < .001), a higher proportion of cases in American Joint Committee on Cancer stage I (P < .001), fewer deaths (P < .001), and fewer metastatic cases (P < .001). The patients with IDC + DCIS had significantly better disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to those with pure IDC and IDC + IMPC (P < .001). The patients with IDC + IMPC had significantly worse DFS and OS compared to those with pure IDC and IDC + DCIS (P < .001). In univariate analysis, the presence of an IMPC component in IDC (P = .007), estrogen receptor status (P = .05), and PR status (P = .003) were factors associated with OS. In multivariate analysis, coexisting IMPC (P = .04) was the only independent prognostic factor associated with OS.Compared to IDC and IDC + DCIS, IDC + IMPC had more aggressive characteristics and significantly worse DFS and OS. Compared to IDC and IDC + IMPC, IDC + DCIS had less aggressive characteristics and significantly better DFS and OS.},
}

@article {pmid33316685,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, J and Lu, CY and Chen, HM and Wu, SY},
title = {Pathologic response rates for breast cancer stages as a predictor of outcomes in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by breast-conserving surgery.},
journal = {Surgical oncology},
volume = {36},
number = {},
pages = {91-98},
doi = {10.1016/j.suronc.2020.11.015},
pmid = {33316685},
issn = {1879-3320},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To determine easy-to-use predictors of overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence (LRR), and distant metastasis (DM) in patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by breast-conserving surgery (BCS), we obtained pathologic response rates (PRRs) for combined primary and nodal diseases (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] stages) from clinical and pathologic reports, and we used these as predictors.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled patients with IDC who had received NACT followed by BCS. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for the patients' PRRs; other independent predictors were controlled for or stratified in the analysis.

RESULTS: We analyzed 1047 patients with IDC (611, 260, and 176 patients in clinical stages IIB, IIIA, and IIIB-C, respectively) receiving NACT and BCS. After multivariate Cox regression analyses, the adjusted HRs (aHRs; 95% CI) in patients with pathologic complete response (ypT0N0) were 0.26 (0.13-0.56), 0.36 (0.15-0.85), and 0.15 (0.08-0.31) for all-cause mortality, LRR, and DM, respectively. The aHRs (95% CI) in patients with downstaging of AJCC stages were 0.55 (0.35-0.89), 0.91 (0.62-0.96), and 0.63 (0.43-0.91) for all-cause mortality, LRR, and DM, respectively. The aHRs (95% CI) in patients with upstaging of AJCC stages were 1.77 (1.06-2.24), 1.08 (1.03-1.82), and 1.19 (1.07-2.01) for all-cause mortality, LRR, and DM, respectively.

CONCLUSION: The impacts of AJCC-stage PRRs are useful predictive tools and strong predictors for OS, LRR, and DM in patients with breast IDC receiving NACT followed by BCS.},
}

@article {pmid33313192,
year = {2020},
author = {Jing, N and Ma, MW and Gao, XS and Liu, JT and Gu, XB and Zhang, M and Zhao, B and Wang, Y and Wang, XL and Jia, HX},
title = {Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for patients with triple-negative breast cancer with histology of infiltrating duct carcinoma.},
journal = {Annals of translational medicine},
volume = {8},
number = {21},
pages = {1447},
pmid = {33313192},
issn = {2305-5839},
abstract = {Background: The purpose of this study was to develop prognostic nomograms from a cohort of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with histology of infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC) by correlating their clinical and pathological parameters with the rates of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed TNBC patients with histology of IDC at our institution between 2009 and 2012. Age, family history, menopausal status, surgery type, T stage, N stage, histological grade, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, cytokeratin 5/6 status, Ki-67 expression, and epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) status were analyzed. Predictors were used in multivariable logistic regression analysis to develop a nomogram to predict DFS and OS rates. The nomograms were then subjected to internal validation, with external validation of the nomogram for predicting OS using separate cohorts of TNBC patients known from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Using the concordance index (C-index) with calibration curves, the predictive accuracy and discriminative ability were calculated.

Results: A total of 242 eligible TNBC patients were included for analysis. The median follow-up time was 70.73 months. Of the patients, 32.6%, 42.6%, and 24.8% had stage I, II, and III disease, respectively. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 81.0% and 76.5% for DFS, and 86.5% and 81.1%, for OS, respectively. Age, T stage, N stage, and E-cadherin status were found to be risk factors. The nomograms based on those risk factors accurately predicted the 3- and 5-year survival rates. The C-index was 0.798 and 0.821 for DFS and OS, respectively. Besides, the nomogram for OS showed relatively reliable performance in stratifying different risk groups of patients in training and validation cohorts identified from the TCGA database. The C-index reached 0.843. DFS validation was not completed, as there was insufficient data.

Conclusions: Using clinicopathological information, we produced a prognostic nomogram that accurately predicts the 3- and 5-year DFS and OS for patients with TNBC with histology of IDC. More external confirmation is required.},
}

@article {pmid33312887,
year = {2020},
author = {Aliyu, UM and Musa, AA},
title = {Assessment of breast cancer immunohistochemistry and tumor characteristics in Nigeria.},
journal = {World journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {11},
number = {11},
pages = {935-944},
pmid = {33312887},
issn = {2218-4333},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Female breast cancer is the leading type of cancer worldwide with an incidence of approximately 2.1 million in 2018. Hormone receptor status plays a vital role in its management.

AIM: To determine the molecular expression pattern of biomarkers in breast cancer and their correlation with tumor variables.

METHODS: This prospective study was designed to analyze expression patterns of estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor(HER2/neu) in breast cancer patients. The dataset has been taken from the Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto, Nigeria from 1 January 2015 to 2 December 2019. The dataset had 259 records and 7 attributes. SPSS version 23.0 for statistical analysis was used. The data analyzed demographic and other clinicopathological characteristics as categorical variables. The mean and standard deviation were determined for the quantitative variable.

RESULTS: A total of 259 breast cancer cases were included in the study. The mean age was 48.3 ± 11.0, with an age range of 26-80 years and a median age of 46 years. The morphological categories were invasive ductal carcinoma 258 (99.6%) and invasive lobular carcinoma 1 (0.4%). ER, positivity increased in 73 patients (50%) under the age of 50 years, as well as PR positivity increased in 34 patients (23.6%) under the age of 50 years. HER/2neupositivity decreased in 8 patients (5.6%) under the age of 50 years. Hormonal receptors were statistically significant with clinicopathological characteristics (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Our study showed that ER, PR and HER2/neuexpression had a strong correlation with age, tumor grade, tumor size and lymph node status. Hence, hormone receptor assessment is highly recommended because of its significance in clinical management and prognostication.},
}

@article {pmid33309471,
year = {2020},
author = {Declemy, A and Chesnel, C and Charlanes, A and Le Breton, F and Sheikh Ismael, S and Amarenco, G},
title = {Short-term reproducibility of cystometry in multiple sclerosis patients.},
journal = {Progres en urologie : journal de l'Association francaise d'urologie et de la Societe francaise d'urologie},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.purol.2020.11.012},
pmid = {33309471},
issn = {1166-7087},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproducibility of detrusor activity cystometric pattern in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, which is poorly documented in the medical literature, by means of successive filling.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective study in MS patients; cystometry was repeated twice at 5minutes of interval if a detrusor overactivity before 300mL of filling was observed. Thus, 3 successive cystometries were analysed. The following characteristics were recorded: detrusor maximum pressure (Pmax), volume at the first involuntary detrusor contraction (IDC), maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), pressure at the first IDC, the existence of an overactive detrusor classified as phasic or terminal.

RESULTS: We included 31 patients (19 women and 12 men); only 6 patients were naïve-treatment, the mean EDSS was: 5.3 (±1.6) and the mean age was 48.4 (±12.5) years. All the patients had an overactive detrusor for each cystometry. The reproducibility was good for all the parameters (range ICC between 0.7 and 0.83).

CONCLUSION: Quantitative and qualitative cystometric data have a good reproducibility in MS patients with detrusor overactivity before 300mL of filling.

LEVEL OF PROOF: 3.},
}

@article {pmid33306310,
year = {2020},
author = {Wanderley, J and Buffolo, E and Mendonça, JT},
title = {Brazilian Academy of Cardiovascular Surgery: From Idea to Reality.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery},
volume = {35},
number = {6},
pages = {IV-VI},
pmid = {33306310},
issn = {1678-9741},
}

@article {pmid33306068,
year = {2020},
author = {Halbony, H and Salman, K and Alqassieh, A and Albrezat, M and Hamdan, A and Abualhaija'a, A and Alsaeidi, O and Masad Melhem, J and Sagiroglu, J and Alimoglu, O},
title = {Breast cancer epidemiology among surgically treated patients in Jordan: A retrospective study.},
journal = {Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran},
volume = {34},
number = {},
pages = {73},
pmid = {33306068},
issn = {1016-1430},
abstract = {Background: Multiple risk factors contribute to the development of breast cancer, including age, positive family history, early menarche, late menopause and the strongest factor being female gender. In this study, we aimed to investigate the proportion of breast cancer patients with certain risk factors, the prevalence of each cancer type, in addition to the surgical procedures performed. Methods: The medical records of patients diagnosed with breast cancer from January 2010 to November 2015 were evaluated retrospectively regarding demographics, breast cancer risk factors, comorbidities, diagnostic methods, tumor location, cancer type and stage, pathological findings, tumor markers, harvested lymph nodes and the types of surgical procedures. The collected data were statistically analyzed as number, mean, and frequency as percentages. Cases with deficient medical records were excluded from the analysis of certain parameters. Results: The sample consisted of 120 patients, 118 (98.3%) of whom were women. The mean age was 56.5±12.0 years. The most common diagnostic method at presentation was self-exam in 93.3% of patients. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common type of tumor (80.0%). The pathological stages could be determined for only 106 patients, and 26 patients (24.5%) were at stage 1 disease, 45 patients (42.5%) were at stage 2 whereas 34 patients (32.1%) were at stage 3. According to the results of pathological examinations, 72.6% (85 patients) of the cases were estrogen receptor positive, 61.2% (71 patients) were progesterone receptor positive while 24.8% (27 patients) were HER positive. Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) was performed in 52 (43.3%) patients and wide local excision (WLE) was preferred in 46 (38.3%) cases. Conclusion: Advanced age, positive family history, and prolonged estrogen exposure were remarkable in the majority of patients. Moreover, the most common type of breast cancer was invasive ductal carcinoma, and around half of the patients presented at stage 2 disease. Modified radical mastectomy and WLE were the most commonly performed surgical procedures.},
}

@article {pmid33302909,
year = {2020},
author = {Desa, DE and Strawderman, RL and Wu, W and Hill, RL and Smid, M and Martens, JWM and Turner, BM and Brown, EB},
title = {Intratumoral heterogeneity of second-harmonic generation scattering from tumor collagen and its effects on metastatic risk prediction.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {1217},
pmid = {33302909},
issn = {1471-2407},
support = {W81XWH-17-1-0011//U.S. Department of Defense/ ; W81XWH-15-1-0040//U.S. Department of Defense/ ; R21CA208921//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metastases are the leading cause of breast cancer-related deaths. The tumor microenvironment impacts cancer progression and metastatic ability. Fibrillar collagen, a major extracellular matrix component, can be studied using the light scattering phenomenon known as second-harmonic generation (SHG). The ratio of forward- to backward-scattered SHG photons (F/B) is sensitive to collagen fiber internal structure and has been shown to be an independent prognostic indicator of metastasis-free survival time (MFS). Here we assess the effects of heterogeneity in the tumor matrix on the possible use of F/B as a prognostic tool.

METHODS: SHG imaging was performed on sectioned primary tumor excisions from 95 untreated, estrogen receptor-positive, lymph node negative invasive ductal carcinoma patients. We identified two distinct regions whose collagen displayed different average F/B values, indicative of spatial heterogeneity: the cellular tumor bulk and surrounding tumor-stroma interface. To evaluate the impact of heterogeneity on F/B's prognostic ability, we performed SHG imaging in the tumor bulk and tumor-stroma interface, calculated a 21-gene recurrence score (surrogate for OncotypeDX®, or S-ODX) for each patient and evaluated their combined prognostic ability.

RESULTS: We found that F/B measured in tumor-stroma interface, but not tumor bulk, is prognostic of MFS using three methods to select pixels for analysis: an intensity threshold selected by a blinded observer, a histogram-based thresholding method, and an adaptive thresholding method. Using both regression trees and Random Survival Forests for MFS outcome, we obtained data-driven prediction rules that show F/B from tumor-stroma interface, but not tumor bulk, and S-ODX both contribute to predicting MFS in this patient cohort. We also separated patients into low-intermediate (S-ODX < 26) and high risk (S-ODX ≥26) groups. In the low-intermediate risk group, comprised of patients not typically recommended for adjuvant chemotherapy, we find that F/B from the tumor-stroma interface is prognostic of MFS and can identify a patient cohort with poor outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that intratumoral heterogeneity in F/B values can play an important role in its possible use as a prognostic marker, and that F/B from tumor-stroma interface of primary tumor excisions may provide useful information to stratify patients by metastatic risk.},
}

@article {pmid33297647,
year = {2020},
author = {Chen, QX and Zhang, YX and Li, K and Dong, H and Xu, H and Lin, GZ and Ren, ZF},
title = {[Characteristics and prognosis of female breast cancer in Guangzhou, 2008-2017].},
journal = {Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi},
volume = {41},
number = {11},
pages = {1831-1835},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20191012-00731},
pmid = {33297647},
issn = {0254-6450},
abstract = {Objective: To describe the distributions of demographic and clinic pathological characteristics and relations with survival on female breast cancer patients in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2017. Methods: The baseline information of the subjects was obtained from the Guangzhou cancer registry and the outcomes were from the Cancer Follow-up System of Guangzhou. Kaplan-Meier was used to calculate the 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify the factors related to the overall survival. Results: Among the 12 465 breast cancer patients recruited in the study, the average age at diagnosis was 53.9 years old, with those aged 45 to 54 making up the largest proportion (43.9%). Only 15.6% of the patients had college or above degrees. Patients with normal BMI accounted for 78.2%. Most of the patients (90.0%) had received surgical treatment. Invasive ductal carcinoma appeared the most common histologic type, accounting for 82.3%. Among the 2 640 patients diagnosed in the four large hospitals, clinical stages 0-Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ accounted for 35.0%, 44.8%, 17.2% and 3.0%, respectively. The proportions of ER-positive, PR-positive and HER-2 positive breast cancer were 79.5%, 70.8%, and 19.2%, respectively. In terms of subtypes, Luminal B was the most common one, accounted for 53.3%. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates were 99.0%, 95.3% and 92.1%, respectively. Results from the multivariate analysis indicated that factors as: age over 55 years old at diagnosis, advanced TNM stage, ER negative, PR negative, Luminal B subtype and triple-negative subtype were associated with poorer prognosis. Conclusions: Compared with the previous hospital-based studies in China, this population-based study revealed that the proportions of patients with advanced age, early clinical stage or ER positive breast cancer were relatively high and the overall survival rate for breast cancer was higher than that in the previous studies. Relationships between characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer were consistent with the previous findings.},
}

@article {pmid33289978,
year = {2020},
author = {Roy, M and Teshome, M and Damodaran, S and Sahin, AA and Khazai, L and Arribas, E and Candelaria, RP and Scoggins, ME and Lane, DL and Giordano, SH and Albarracin, CT and Prieto, VG and Nagarajan, P},
title = {Male Mammary Paget Disease: A Tale of 2 Contrasting Cases.},
journal = {The American Journal of dermatopathology},
volume = {42},
number = {12},
pages = {981-985},
doi = {10.1097/DAD.0000000000001799},
pmid = {33289978},
issn = {1533-0311},
abstract = {Mammary Paget disease (MPD) comprises 1.45% all male breast cancers, compared with only 0.68% of all female breast cancers. Patients usually present in the fifth and sixth decades of life with ulceration, eczematous changes, discharge, bleeding, itching, and induration of the nipple and areola. Typically, there is a delay in definitive diagnosis and treatment from the onset of symptoms because most patients are initially treated for a rash. At the time of diagnosis, about half of the patients may have palpable breast mass, positive lymph nodes, or both. In this article, we present 2 cases of male MPD representing the extremes of clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic spectrum of the disease. One patient presented with a rash of the nipple of several months duration without an underlying lesion, whereas the other presented with sensitivity and pain of the nipple for 1 year and an underlying mass. Biopsies were diagnostic of MPD in both cases, and definitive surgery revealed an underlying ductal carcinoma in situ in the first case and an invasive ductal carcinoma in the second, highlighting the importance of early biopsy to initiate appropriate management.},
}

@article {pmid33285997,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, Y and Liu, R},
title = {Robust Power Optimization for Downlink Cloud Radio Access Networks with Physical Layer Security.},
journal = {Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {33285997},
issn = {1099-4300},
abstract = {Since the cloud radio access network (C-RAN) transmits information signals by jointly transmission, the multiple copies of information signals might be eavesdropped on. Therefore, this paper studies the resource allocation algorithm for secure energy optimization in a downlink C-RAN, via jointly designing base station (BS) mode, beamforming and artificial noise (AN) given imperfect channel state information (CSI) of information receivers (IRs) and eavesdrop receivers (ERs). The considered resource allocation design problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming problem of power minimization under the quality of service (QoS) for each IR, the power constraint for each BS, and the physical layer security (PLS) constraints for each ER. To solve this non-trivial problem, we first adopt smooth ℓ 0 -norm approximation and propose a general iterative difference of convex (IDC) algorithm with provable convergence for a difference of convex programming problem. Then, a three-stage algorithm is proposed to solve the original problem, which firstly apply the iterative difference of convex programming with semi-definite relaxation (SDR) technique to provide a roughly (approximately) sparse solution, and then improve the sparsity of the solutions using a deflation based post processing method. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated with extensive simulations for power minimization in secure downlink C-RANs.},
}

@article {pmid33284403,
year = {2020},
author = {Katano, K and Yoshimitsu, Y and Kyuno, T and Haba, Y and Maeda, T and Kitamura, S},
title = {Temporary spontaneous regression of male breast cancer: a case report.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {311},
pmid = {33284403},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Spontaneous regression (SR) of a malignant tumor is the partial or complete disappearance of primary or metastatic tumor tissue in the absence of treatment, which can be temporary or permanent. Here, we report an extremely rare case of male breast cancer that exhibited temporary SR followed by reappearance 8 months after tumor disappearance.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 70-year-old man presented at our hospital with a primary complaint of pain and a lump in his left breast. Ultrasonography revealed a hypoechoic lesion measuring 12 mm × 10 mm × 8 mm. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed numerous necrotic and degenerated cells and few sheet-like clusters of atypical ductal epithelial cells. The atypical cells had mildly enlarged nuclei with nucleoli, were focally overlapped and formed tubular patterns. The cytological diagnosis indicated a suspicion of malignancy. Core needle biopsy (CNB) revealed necrotic and degenerated cells with microcalcification. The pathological diagnosis was indeterminate because there was no area of viable atypical cells. An excisional biopsy of the left breast lesion was scheduled one month later. However, it was difficult to detect the tumor during physical examination and ultrasonography performed 1 month after the patient's first visit. The operation was canceled, and the patient received follow-up observation. After 8 months of follow-up, ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) revealed reappearance of a 0.6-cm-diameter breast tumor in the same place. CNB was performed again and revealed invasive ductal carcinoma. A total mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed 13 months after the first tumor disappeared. Histopathological examination revealed invasive cribriform carcinoma without sentinel lymph node metastasis. The patient did not have any complications, and adjuvant therapy with tamoxifen was started. The patient was alive without recurrence 7 months after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: Temporary SR followed by tumor reappearance can occur in breast cancer cases, and it is important to follow patients even if their breast tumor has seemingly disappeared. When breast tumors disappear without treatment, clinicians must be aware of the possibility of SR of cancer and should follow the patient for early detection of tumor reappearance.},
}

@article {pmid33283376,
year = {2020},
author = {Crown, A and Carlson, E and Rocha, FG and Grumley, JW},
title = {Oncoplastic breast-conserving therapy and intraoperative radiotherapy for management of carcinoma in situ of the breast: A single-center experience.},
journal = {The breast journal},
volume = {26},
number = {12},
pages = {2391-2394},
doi = {10.1111/tbj.14093},
pmid = {33283376},
issn = {1524-4741},
abstract = {Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) has been shown to reduce local recurrence rates among women with early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma, but data regarding its use among women with in situ carcinoma are limited. In this single-institution study, 50 women with in situ carcinoma were treated with oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (OPS) and single-dose IORT. All 50 patients had "no tumor on ink," but 9 (16%) had margins < 2 mm and required additional therapy. No local recurrences were observed after a median follow-up of 46 months. Single-dose IORT is an efficacious treatment for well-selected patients with DCIS.},
}

@article {pmid33281649,
year = {2020},
author = {Leshem, R and Icht, M and Bentzur, R and Ben-David, BM},
title = {Processing of Emotions in Speech in Forensic Patients With Schizophrenia: Impairments in Identification, Selective Attention, and Integration of Speech Channels.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychiatry},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {601763},
pmid = {33281649},
issn = {1664-0640},
abstract = {Individuals with schizophrenia show deficits in recognition of emotions which may increase the risk of violence. This study explored how forensic patients with schizophrenia process spoken emotion by: (a) identifying emotions expressed in prosodic and semantic content separately, (b) selectively attending to one speech channel while ignoring the other, and (c) integrating the prosodic and the semantic channels, compared to non-clinical controls. Twenty-one forensic patients with schizophrenia and 21 matched controls listened to sentences conveying four emotions (anger, happiness, sadness, and neutrality) presented in semantic or prosodic channels, in different combinations. They were asked to rate how much they agreed that the sentences conveyed a predefined emotion, focusing on one channel or on the sentence as a whole. Forensic patients with schizophrenia performed with intact identification and integration of spoken emotions, but their ratings indicated reduced discrimination, larger failures of selective attention, and under-ratings of negative emotions, compared to controls. This finding doesn't support previous reports of an inclination to interpret social situations in a negative way among individuals with schizophrenia. Finally, current results may guide rehabilitation approaches matched to the pattern of auditory emotional processing presented by forensic patients with schizophrenia, improving social interactions and quality of life.},
}

@article {pmid33279405,
year = {2020},
author = {Jafferbhoy, SF and Goussous, G and Chandarana, M and Salehi-Bird, S and Mohd-Isa, Z and Gunning, E and Bajwa, S and Hammond, L and Marla, S and Narayanan, S and Soumian, S},
title = {Impact of Preoperative MRI in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma With Lobular Features on Core Biopsy.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2020.08.007},
pmid = {33279405},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive breast cancer is comprised of a wide spectrum of histological types with different clinical presentations, imaging characteristics, and behaviors. Almost 10% of breast cancers with predominantly invasive ductal features have lobular components on core biopsy at primary diagnosis. Although the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with purely lobular cancers is well-established, it is not clear if preoperative MRI is indicated in ductal cancer with lobular features. The aim of this study was to assess the role of preoperative MRI in patients with invasive ductal cancers with lobular features on core biopsy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data regarding patients with lobular features on core biopsy who underwent a preoperative MRI from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively identified and analyzed. Imaging findings, additional investigations, and changes in treatment plans following the MRI scan were reviewed.

RESULTS: The study included 120 patients, of whom 42 (35%) patients required a second-look ultrasound. Following a repeat ultrasound scan, 25 breasts and 4 axillae were biopsied. Thirty-eight percent of the breast biopsies and 50% of the axillary biopsies were malignant. Based on MRI findings, treatment plans changed in 22.5% of patients. MRI size was concordant with the histological size in 58.3% of cases, and MRI was accurate in 90% of patients in detecting multifocal disease requiring mastectomy. The majority of patients with changes in the management plans had mixed ductal and lobular cancer on final histology.

CONCLUSION: This study has demonstrated that MRI picks up additional malignancies and changes management plans in patients with lobular features on core biopsy and should be considered in the preoperative workup.},
}

@article {pmid33278619,
year = {2020},
author = {Hadano, Y and Kakuma, T and Matsumoto, T and Ishibashi, K and Isoda, M and Yasunaga, H},
title = {Reduction of 30-day death rates from Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia by mandatory infectious diseases consultation: Comparative study interventions with and without an infectious disease specialist.},
journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.199},
pmid = {33278619},
issn = {1878-3511},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Most Japanese hospitals need to keep higher Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) quality-of-care indicators (QCIs) and create strategies that can maximise the effect of these QCIs in a small number of infectious diseases specialists. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with SAB before and after the enhancement of the mandatory infectious diseases consultations (IDCs).

METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Japan. The primary outcome was the 30-day mortality between each period. A generalised structural equation model was employed to examine the effect of the mandatory IDC enhancement on 30-day mortality among patients with SAB.

RESULTS: A total of 114 patients with SAB were analysed. The 30-day all-cause mortality was significant between the two periods (17.3% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.02). Age, 3 QCI point ≥1, and Pitt bacteraemia score ≥3 were the significant risk factors for 30-day mortality. The intervention was also significantly associated with improved adherence to QCIs.

CONCLUSION: Mandatory IDCs for SAB improved 30-day mortality and adherence of QCIs after the intervention. In Japan, improving the quality of management in patients with SAB should be an important target.},
}

@article {pmid33276203,
year = {2020},
author = {Kim, G and Mercaldo, S and Bahl, M},
title = {Impact of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) on finding types leading to true-positive and false-positive examinations.},
journal = {Clinical imaging},
volume = {71},
number = {},
pages = {155-159},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.10.046},
pmid = {33276203},
issn = {1873-4499},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate the frequencies of finding types with combined digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and digital mammography (DM) leading to true-positive (TP) and false-positive (FP) examinations.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive screening mammograms at an academic medical center from March 2008 to February 2011 (DM group) and from January 2013 to December 2017 (DBT/DM group) were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to compare the proportions of mammographic finding types leading to TP and FP examinations between the two groups.

RESULTS: The DM group had 554 TP and 7278 FP examinations, and the DBT/DM group had 1271 TP and 14,544 FP examinations. The finding type of calcifications led to a lower proportion of TP examinations in the DBT/DM than DM group (34.3% versus 47.7%, p < 0.001) but also a lower proportion of FP examinations (18.7% versus 21.7%, p < 0.001). Mass led to a higher proportion of TP examinations in the DBT/DM than DM group (5.7% versus 1.3%, p < 0.001) but also a higher proportion of FP examinations (4.6% versus 0.3%, p < 0.001). Asymmetry led to a higher proportion of TP examinations in the DBT/DM than DM group (58.3% versus 50.4%, p = 0.03) and a lower proportion of FP examinations (75.9% versus 77.6%, p < 0.001). Architectural distortion led a similar proportion of TP examinations in the DBT/DM and DM groups (1.7% versus 0.7%, p = 0.12) but a higher proportion of FP examinations (0.8% versus 0.4%, p = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS: Mammographic findings leading to TP and FP examinations have shifted with the addition of DBT to DM.},
}

@article {pmid33274157,
year = {2020},
author = {Hashmi, AA and Iftikhar, SN and Munawar, S and Shah, A and Irfan, M and Ali, J},
title = {Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma of Breast: Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Parameters.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {12},
number = {10},
pages = {e11282},
pmid = {33274157},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Introduction Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) is a rare malignant papillary breast tumor that, despite a lack of distinct myoepithelial layer, is considered an in situ carcinoma unless associated with a frank invasive component. Data regarding clinicopathologic features of rare breast tumors like EPC are especially scarce. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the clinicopathologic features of EPC and performed a clinicopathological comparison with conventional invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Methods It was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, from January 2013 to December 2019 over a period of seven years. During this period, 16 cases were diagnosed as EPC, and 634 cases were labeled as IDC. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/neu) immunohistochemical (IHC) stains were performed on both EPC and IDC cases. Moreover, myoepithelial IHC stains were performed on all cases of EPC. Clinicopathologic features of EPC were compared with IDC. Results The mean age of the EPC patients was 51.81±13.94 years, with a mean tumor size of 2.97±2.46 cm. The majority of cases were grade II, and axillary metastasis was present in 18.8% of cases. About 56.3% of cases were in situ, and 43.8% showed foci of invasion in the form of IDC. Recurrence was noted in 12.5% of cases with a survival rate of 93.8%. ER, PR, and HER2/neu positivity was noted in 81.3%, 75%, and 12.5% cases, respectively. EPC was significantly noted to have lower tumor grade and pathological T-stage than IDC. Similarly, a lower frequency of axillary metastasis was noted in EPC than IDC. Conclusion EPC is a rare distinct subtype of papillary breast tumors with overall good survival and low recurrence rate. Compared to IDC, we found EPC to be associated with better prognostic parameters such as lower tumor grade and T-stage and lower frequency of axillary metastasis.},
}

@article {pmid33270144,
year = {2020},
author = {Cheung, SM and Husain, E and Mallikourti, V and Masannat, Y and Heys, S and He, J},
title = {Intra-tumoural lipid composition and lymphovascular invasion in breast cancer via non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy.},
journal = {European radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00330-020-07502-4},
pmid = {33270144},
issn = {1432-1084},
support = {RS2015 004//Friends of ANCHOR/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Despite improved survival due to new treatments, the 10-year survival rate in patients with breast cancer is approximately 75%. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI), a prognostic marker independent from histological grade and stage, can only be fully determined at final histological examination. Lipid composition is deregulated in tumour via de novo lipogenesis, with alteration in lipogenic genes in LVI. We hypothesise alteration in lipid composition derived from novel non-invasive spectroscopy method is associated with LVI positivity.

METHODS: Thirty female patients (age 39-78) with invasive ductal carcinoma were enrolled, with 13 LVI negative and 17 LVI positive. Saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated fatty acids and triglycerides (SFA, MUFA, PUFA and TRG) were quantified from ex vivo breast tumours freshly excised from patients on a 3 T clinical MRI scanner, and proliferative activity marker Ki-67 and serotonin derived histologically.

RESULTS: There were significantly lower MUFA (p = 0.0189) in LVI positive (median: 0.37, interquartile range (IQR): 0.25-0.64) than negative (0.63, 0.49-0.96). There were significantly lower TRG (p = 0.0226) in LVI positive (1.32, 0.95-2.43) than negative (2.5, 1.92-4.15). There was no significant difference in SFA (p = 0.6009) or PUFA (p = 0.1641). There was no significant correlation between lipid composition against Ki-67 or serotonin, apart from a borderline negative correlation between PUFA and serotonin (r = - 0.3616, p = 0.0496).

CONCLUSION: Lipid composition might provide a biomarker to study lymphovascular invasion in breast cancer.

KEY POINTS: • Monounsaturated fatty acids in lymphovascular invasion (LVI) positive invasive breast carcinoma were significantly lower than that in LVI negative. • Triglycerides in LVI positive invasive breast carcinoma were significantly lower than that in LVI negative. • Lipid composition from MR spectroscopy reflects the rate of de novo lipogenesis and provides a potential biomarker independent from histological grade and stage.},
}

@article {pmid33267867,
year = {2020},
author = {Fredolini, C and Pathak, KV and Paris, L and Chapple, KM and Tsantilas, KA and Rosenow, M and Tegeler, TJ and Garcia-Mansfield, K and Tamburro, D and Zhou, W and Russo, P and Massarut, S and Facchiano, F and Belluco, C and De Maria, R and Garaci, E and Liotta, L and Petricoin, EF and Pirrotte, P},
title = {Shotgun proteomics coupled to nanoparticle-based biomarker enrichment reveals a novel panel of extracellular matrix proteins as candidate serum protein biomarkers for early-stage breast cancer detection.},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {135},
pmid = {33267867},
issn = {1465-542X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The lack of specificity and high degree of false positive and false negative rates when using mammographic screening for detecting early-stage breast cancer is a critical issue. Blood-based molecular assays that could be used in adjunct with mammography for increased specificity and sensitivity could have profound clinical impact. Our objective was to discover and independently verify a panel of candidate blood-based biomarkers that could identify the earliest stages of breast cancer and complement current mammographic screening approaches.

METHODS: We used affinity hydrogel nanoparticles coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis to enrich and analyze low-abundance proteins in serum samples from 20 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) breast cancer and 20 female control individuals with positive mammograms and benign pathology at biopsy. We compared these results to those obtained from five cohorts of individuals diagnosed with cancer in organs other than breast (ovarian, lung, prostate, and colon cancer, as well as melanoma) to establish IDC-specific protein signatures. Twenty-four IDC candidate biomarkers were then verified by multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MRM) in an independent validation cohort of 60 serum samples specifically including earliest-stage breast cancer and benign controls (19 early-stage (T1a) IDC and 41 controls).

RESULTS: In our discovery set, 56 proteins were increased in the serum samples from IDC patients, and 32 of these proteins were specific to IDC. Verification of a subset of these proteins in an independent cohort of early-stage T1a breast cancer yielded a panel of 4 proteins, ITGA2B (integrin subunit alpha IIb), FLNA (Filamin A), RAP1A (Ras-associated protein-1A), and TLN-1 (Talin-1), which classified breast cancer patients with 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity (AUC of 0.93).

CONCLUSIONS: Using a nanoparticle-based protein enrichment technology, we identified and verified a highly specific and sensitive protein signature indicative of early-stage breast cancer with no false positives when assessing benign and inflammatory controls. These markers have been previously reported in cell-ECM interaction and tumor microenvironment biology. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to evaluate whether this biomarker panel improves the positive predictive value of mammography for breast cancer detection.},
}

@article {pmid33263939,
year = {2020},
author = {D'Alfonso, TM and Pareja, F and Da Cruz Paula, A and Vahdatinia, M and Gazzo, A and Ferrando, L and da Silva, EM and Cheng, E and Sclafani, L and Chandarlapaty, S and Zhang, H and Hoda, SA and Wen, HY and Brogi, E and Weigelt, B and Reis-Filho, JS},
title = {Whole-exome sequencing analysis of juvenile papillomatosis and coexisting breast carcinoma.},
journal = {The journal of pathology. Clinical research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/cjp2.190},
pmid = {33263939},
issn = {2056-4538},
support = {//Breast Cancer Research Foundation/ ; //Cycle for Survival/ ; K12 CA184746/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P30CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; //Stand Up To Cancer/ ; },
abstract = {Juvenile papillomatosis (JP) of the breast is a rare benign mass-forming lesion occurring in young women, which is histologically characterized by a constellation of proliferative changes and large cysts, giving it the gross appearance of Swiss cheese. A subset of patients with JP report a family history of breast carcinoma and/or coexisting or subsequent breast carcinoma. We performed whole-exome sequencing of the hyperplastic epithelial component of three JPs, including one with coexisting ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (IDC-NST). JPs harbored clonal somatic PIK3CA hotspot mutations in two cases. In the JP with coexisting DCIS and IDC-NST, these lesions were clonally related to the associated JP, sharing a clonal PIK3CA E542K somatic hotspot mutation. JP showed a paucity of copy number alterations, whereas the associated DCIS and IDC-NST showed concurrent 1q gains/16q losses, hallmarks of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancers. We observed JP to harbor a dominant aging-related mutational signature, whereas coexisting DCIS and IDC-NST showed greater exposure to an APOBEC signature. Taken together, our findings suggest that, at least in a subset of cases, JP might constitute the substrate from which DCIS and invasive breast carcinomas develop.},
}

@article {pmid33262909,
year = {2020},
author = {Hashmi, AA and Iftikhar, SN and Haider, R and Haider, R and Irfan, M and Ali, J},
title = {Solid Papillary Carcinoma of Breast: Clinicopathologic Comparison With Conventional Ductal Carcinoma of Breast.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {12},
number = {10},
pages = {e11172},
pmid = {33262909},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Introduction Solid papillary carcinoma (SPC) is a distinct rare subtype of breast tumour that often exhibits a neuroendocrine differentiation. Due to the rarity of these tumours, few studies have assessed the clinicopathological features of these tumours. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the clinical and pathological profiles of SPC and compared the pathologic features with conventional invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in our population. Methods It was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College from January 2013 until December 2019 over seven years. Cases with histological diagnosis of SPC and IDC were included in the study, and clinicopathological characteristics were compared. Results We included 39 cases of SPC in our study diagnosed during the study period. During the same timeline, 634 cases of IDC were reported and therefore included in the study for comparison. The mean age of the patients with SPC was 53.97 ± 12.15 years, and the mean tumour size was 3.42 ± 1.87 cm. Axillary metastasis was noted in 15.4% of cases. 94.9% of cases of SPC were invasive. Estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2/neu) and synaptophysin positivity was seen in 84.6%, 87.2%, 10.3%, and 59% respectively. Recurrence was noted in 10.3% of cases with 94.9% survival rate. Cases of SPC had significantly lower grade (grade I + II), tumour (T) and nodal (N) stage than IDC. Moreover, the frequency of hormonal receptor expression (ER and PR) was higher, and the frequency of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) expression was lower compared to IDC. Conclusion SPC is a distinct variant of malignant papillary breast tumours with overall better prognostic parameters than IDC. Therefore, it is essential to recognize the histological features of this rare breast tumour.},
}

@article {pmid33262647,
year = {2020},
author = {Kunnuru, SKR and Thiyagarajan, M and Martin Daniel, J and Singh K, B},
title = {A Study on Clinical and Pathological Responses to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Carcinoma.},
journal = {Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press)},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {259-266},
pmid = {33262647},
issn = {1179-1314},
abstract = {Aim and objectives: To assess the effectiveness of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and its impact on the clinical and pathological response in locally advanced breast cancer. To compare molecular subtypes of breast cancer with response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.

Patients and methods: This was a prospective study on patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma for a 3-year period. A total of 60 patients who presented with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Forty patients were treated with the 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) schedule, 16 patients were treated with Adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (AC), and four patients were treated with oral cyclophosphamide, intravenous methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF). Taxol was added in all node-positive cases, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), and Her 2 positive cases. The clinical response was assessed with RECIST criteria after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The response was compared with molecular subtypes of carcinoma breast and receptor status individually.

Results: A total of 60 female patients receiving primary chemotherapy for locally advanced breast malignancy were studied. The median age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 44 years (range=24-73). In terms of menopausal status, 25 (42%) patients were pre-menopausal and 35 (58%) patients were post-menopausal. Histological classification showed invasive ductal carcinoma in 72% of patients, invasive lobular carcinoma in 15% of patients, and other types including mixed patterns in 13% of patients. Among 60 patients, 16 patients (26.6%) had clinically complete remission (cCR), 30 patients (50%) had partial remission, eight patients (13.3%) had stable disease, and six patients (10%) had progressive disease. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 46 (76.6%) patient underwent Modified radical mastectomy surgery. Target therapy was given for Her2 neu patients after surgery. Hormonal therapy was added to hormone ER PR positive cases postoperatively. Eight patients (13.3%) among this operated cases attained complete pathological response.

Conclusion: Preoperative chemotherapy downstages the primary tumors and axillary metastasis in patients with locally advanced breast carcinoma. Comparison of molecular subtypes with chemotherapy response is a better way to find out the predictors of response to chemotherapy.},
}

@article {pmid33257728,
year = {2020},
author = {de Vera, P and Azzolini, M and Sushko, G and Abril, I and Garcia-Molina, R and Dapor, M and Solov'yov, IA and Solov'yov, AV},
title = {Multiscale simulation of the focused electron beam induced deposition process.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {20827},
pmid = {33257728},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {1197139//Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung/ ; FJCI-2017-32233//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ ; PGC2018-096788-B-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ ; 19907/GERM/15//Fundación Séneca/ ; AICO/2019/070//Conselleria d'Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esport/ ; CA17126//European Cooperation in Science and Technology/ ; 415716638//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; GRK1885//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
abstract = {Focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) is a powerful technique for 3D-printing of complex nanodevices. However, for resolutions below 10 nm, it struggles to control size, morphology and composition of the structures, due to a lack of molecular-level understanding of the underlying irradiation-driven chemistry (IDC). Computational modeling is a tool to comprehend and further optimize FEBID-related technologies. Here we utilize a novel multiscale methodology which couples Monte Carlo simulations for radiation transport with irradiation-driven molecular dynamics for simulating IDC with atomistic resolution. Through an in depth analysis of [Formula: see text] deposition on [Formula: see text] and its subsequent irradiation with electrons, we provide a comprehensive description of the FEBID process and its intrinsic operation. Our analysis reveals that simulations deliver unprecedented results in modeling the FEBID process, demonstrating an excellent agreement with available experimental data of the simulated nanomaterial composition, microstructure and growth rate as a function of the primary beam parameters. The generality of the methodology provides a powerful tool to study versatile problems where IDC and multiscale phenomena play an essential role.},
}

@article {pmid33257364,
year = {2020},
author = {Ramakrishna, KN and Durland, J and Ramos, C and Dhamoon, AS},
title = {Unilateral nipple discharge in a man without a palpable mass diagnosed as breast cancer.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2020-236223},
pmid = {33257364},
issn = {1757-790X},
abstract = {A 69-year-old man without a family history of breast cancer presented to his primary care physician with a 1-year history of clear, unilateral nipple discharge (ND) without an associated palpable breast mass. His laboratory findings were significant for hyperprolactinaemia at 28 ng/mL. Diagnostic work up including mammography, ultrasound and core needle biopsy ultimately revealed a ductal carcinoma in situ and a rare papillary variant of invasive ductal carcinoma. The patient was referred to a multidisciplinary oncology team and underwent a right total mastectomy followed by adjuvant hormonal therapy. The patient made a good postoperative recovery and remains without evidence of recurrence 6 months from surgery. Male breast cancer is rare, but its incidence is increasing. Male breast cancer presenting as ND without a palpable mass is uncommon. Early recognition of breast symptoms in men can lead to earlier diagnoses and improved outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid33251496,
year = {2020},
author = {Li, X and Schmöhl, F and Qi, H and Bennewitz, K and Tabler, CT and Poschet, G and Hell, R and Volk, N and Poth, T and Hausser, I and Morgenstern, J and Fleming, T and Nawroth, PP and Kroll, J},
title = {Regulation of Gluconeogenesis by Aldo-keto-reductase 1a1b in Zebrafish.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {23},
number = {12},
pages = {101763},
pmid = {33251496},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Regulation of glucose homeostasis is a fundamental process to maintain blood glucose at a physiological level, and its dysregulation is associated with the development of several metabolic diseases. Here, we report on a zebrafish mutant for Aldo-keto-reductase 1a1b (akr1a1b) as a regulator of gluconeogenesis. Adult akr1a1b-/- mutant zebrafish developed fasting hypoglycemia, which was caused by inhibiting phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression as rate-limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis. Subsequently, glucogenic amino acid glutamate as substrate for gluconeogenesis accumulated in the kidneys, but not in livers, and induced structural and functional pronephros alterations in 48-hpf akr1a1b-/- embryos. Akr1a1b-/- mutants displayed increased nitrosative stress as indicated by increased nitrotyrosine, and increased protein-S-nitrosylation. Inhibition of nitrosative stress using the NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME prevented kidney damage and normalized PEPCK expression in akr1a1b-/- mutants. Thus, the data have identified Akr1a1b as a regulator of gluconeogenesis in zebrafish and thereby controlling glucose homeostasis.},
}

@article {pmid33250747,
year = {2020},
author = {Semba, R and Horimoto, Y and Arakawa, A and Edahiro, Y and Takaku, T and Iijima, K and Saito, M},
title = {Difficulty Diagnosing a Brain Tumor during Clinical Maintenance of a Complete Response to anti-HER2 Treatments for Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {Case reports in oncology},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {1311-1316},
pmid = {33250747},
issn = {1662-6575},
abstract = {A 46-year-old woman with erythema of the right breast presented to our hospital and was diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer (HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma). She received 4 courses of anthracycline-based regimens and 4 courses of trastuzumab + pertuzumab + docetaxel (Tmab + Pmab + DTX). Since she responded well to these therapies, only Tmab + Pmab was continued thereafter. Twenty-three months after starting treatment, she developed a headache. A tumor was identified in the right temporal lobe. Craniotomy was performed for definitive diagnosis. Intraoperative pathological assessment suggested the tumor to be brain metastasis of breast cancer. However, the final pathological diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of central nervous system (DLBCL-CNS) based on re-assessment with immunohistochemical examinations. Therefore, the Tmab + Pmab was discontinued, and 6 courses of high-dose methotrexate therapy were administered. This case highlights the importance of considering rare entities, such as DLBCL, when diagnosing a solitary brain tumor in a patient with a primary cancer, based on imaging and pathological findings.},
}

@article {pmid33250296,
year = {2020},
author = {Shin, K and Whitman, GJ},
title = {Clinical Indications for Mammography in Men and Correlation With Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Current problems in diagnostic radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.11.001},
pmid = {33250296},
issn = {1535-6302},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between presenting clinical symptoms and imaging findings in men with breast cancer.

METHOD AND MATERIALS: Four hundred twenty-nine male patients who presented for mammography at one institution between January 2004 and December 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. Of the 429 patients, 291 presented with clinical symptoms for diagnostic mammography. The presenting clinical symptoms in 291 patients were recorded and correlated with imaging and histopathologic findings.

RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-one male patients were included. Some presented with multiple symptoms, for a total of 318 clinical symptoms. One hundred and ninety (65%) men presented with palpable abnormalities, 44 (15%) with nonfocal pain, 31 (11%) with breast swelling, 14 (5%) with breast enlargement, 13 (4%) with focal pain, 7 (2%) with skin changes, 6 (2%) with nipple discharge/changes and 13 (4%) with other symptoms (itching, throbbing and breast heaviness). A total of 290 patients underwent mammography and 176 underwent sonography. Forty-one malignancies were diagnosed, of which 24 (59%) were invasive ductal carcinoma. Nipple changes/discharge had a 100% positive predictive value for malignancy while breast pain showed a 0% positive predictive value. Fifty-two patients showed either a mass or a focal asymmetry on mammography, of which 38 (73%) were malignant. Three patients (1%) without a mass or focal asymmetry were diagnosed with malignancy.

CONCLUSION: Correlating clinical symptoms and imaging findings can help with timely and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer in men. Nipple discharge/changes and skin changes with palpable abnormalities and mammographic findings of masses and focal asymmetries were associated with breast cancer. Pain, breast enlargement, and breast swelling were unlikely to be associated with malignancy.},
}

@article {pmid33248010,
year = {2020},
author = {Ramakrishna, JM and Brumble, LM and Larimore, KL and Wadei, HM and Jarmi, T and Libertin, CR},
title = {Establishing best practices in measles, mumps, and rubella serologic screening for kidney transplant candidates.},
journal = {Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e13529},
doi = {10.1111/tid.13529},
pmid = {33248010},
issn = {1399-3062},
support = {PFI-260399/FP00105263/17-004563//Pfizer Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Optimizing immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases improves outcomes in kidney transplant (KT) patients (Arora et al, World J Transplant, 2019, 9:1; Sester et al, Transplant Rev, 2008, 22:274; Fishman, N Engl J Med, 2007, 357:2601). The American Society for Transplantation (AST) Clinical Practice Guidelines advises that serologic screening for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) be conducted for all KT candidates, since live-attenuated vaccines are contraindicated post-transplantation (Malinis et al, Clin Transplant, 2019, 33:e13548). Our team at Mayo Clinic Florida (MCF) conducted a quality improvement (QI) initiative to establish a best MMR screening and immunizations clinical practice in KT candidates using a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model. By retrospective chart review of all KT candidates evaluated at our institution from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017, baseline data determining the rate of MMR serologic screening was established. PDSA cycles were implemented to adopt protocol-driven testing for MMR serologies, immunization documentation, and vaccination in cases of seronegativity to any of the three MMR viruses in all pre-KT candidates. Two PDSA cycles were completed in 4 months. The study population totaled 447 patients (baseline n = 283, PDSA 1 n = 61, PDSA 2 n = 103). Baseline data showed that 83% (n = 235) of pre-KT candidates received infectious disease consultation (IDC). Complete MMR (all three viruses) serological screening in KT candidates improved from baseline 3.9%-87.4% post-PDSA cycle 2 (P < .001). Necessary immunizations per AST guidelines were ordered in only 41.1% (n = 23) of the control cohort vs 100% (n = 12) and 96.9% (n = 31) of PDSA cycles 1 and 2, respectively (P < .001). The data reflect significant practice improvements in MMR screening and immunization rates among KT candidates by using protocol-driven orders combined with our pre-existing IDCs.},
}

@article {pmid33247280,
year = {2020},
author = {Puzis, R and Farbiash, D and Brodt, O and Elovici, Y and Greenbaum, D},
title = {Increased cyber-biosecurity for DNA synthesis.},
journal = {Nature biotechnology},
volume = {38},
number = {12},
pages = {1379-1381},
pmid = {33247280},
issn = {1546-1696},
}

@article {pmid33245711,
year = {2020},
author = {Sigei, AC and Bartow, BB and Wheeler, Y},
title = {Sentinel Lymph Node Involvement by Epithelial Inclusions Mimicking Metastatic Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Pitfall.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {21},
number = {},
pages = {e926094},
pmid = {33245711},
issn = {1941-5923},
abstract = {BACKGROUND An epithelial inclusion cyst within a lymph node denotes a heterotopic phenomenon. Nodal epithelial inclusion cysts have been reported in a variety of anatomical locations including pelvic, abdominal, mediastinal, and axillary regions. While nodal melanocytic nevus (also known as nevus cell aggregates) is the most common heterotopic phenomena involving the axillary lymph nodes, the presence of benign epithelial inclusion cysts in axillary lymph nodes is a rare but well-reported finding. Such documentation is in part due to assessment of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer becoming standard of care. These epithelial inclusion cysts offer a diagnostic pitfall in evaluation of sentinel lymph node in the setting of breast carcinoma. They also complicate assessment of sentinel lymph node during intraoperative frozen sections analysis. CASE REPORT We report a case of co-existent of benign squamous-type and glandular-type epithelial inclusions cysts in 2 sentinel lymph nodes in a patient with grade III invasive ductal carcinoma involving the left breast. There have been at least 4 cases reported in literature in which benign epithelial inclusion cysts in sentinel lymph nodes were first mistakenly diagnosed as metastatic carcinoma both during intraoperative frozen section analysis and during review of permanent sections. The missed diagnosis could potentially occur intraoperatively during frozen section sentinel lymph node analysis secondarily due to lack of availability of the primary tumor for comparison and inability to use immunohistochemical stains. CONCLUSIONS Pathologists should be aware of this pitfall especially in frozen section analysis of sentinel lymph node to avoid misdiagnosis and its associated potential grave consequences.},
}

@article {pmid33243732,
year = {2020},
author = {Xu, X and Wang, J and Yan, C and Men, Y and Jiang, H and Fang, H and Xu, X and Yang, J},
title = {[Association of JMJD3, MMP-2 and VEGF expressions with clinicopathological features of invasive ductal breast carcinoma].},
journal = {Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University},
volume = {40},
number = {11},
pages = {1593-1600},
pmid = {33243732},
issn = {1673-4254},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics ; Humans ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; Prognosis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the expressions of JMJD3, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in invasive ductal breast carcinoma, their association with the clinicopathological features of the patients and the effect of JMJD3 overexpression on proliferation and MMP-2 and VEGF expressions in breast cancer cells.

METHODS: The protein and mRNA expressions of JMJD3, MMP-2, and VEGF in invasive ductal breast carcinoma and paired adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively, and their correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of JMJD3, MMP-2 and VEGF expression levels with the survival of the patients. In breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells transfected with a JMJD3-expression plasmid, the expression of Ki67 was examined immunohistochemically, the cell proliferation was assessed with CCK8 assay, and the mRNA expressions of MMP-2 and VEGF were detected with RT-PCR.

RESULTS: Breast cancer tissues had significantly lower JMJD3 expression and higher MMP-2 and VEGF expressions at both the mRNA and protein levels than the adjacent tissue (P < 0.05). The positivity rates of JMJD3, MMP-2 and VEGF in breast cancer tissues were significantly correlated with tumor diameter, differentiation, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and molecular subtypes (P < 0.05). KaplanMeier analysis showed that JMJD3 expression level was positively while MMP-2 and VEGF were inversely correlated with the disease-free survival time of the patients (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis identified JMJD3, MMP-2, VEGF and tumor differentiation as independent prognostic factors of breast cancer. Spearman correlation analysis suggested a negative correlation of JMJD3 with MMP2 (r=-0.569, P < 0.05) and VEGF (r=-0.533, P < 0.05) and a positive correlation between MMP2 and VEGF (r=0.923, P < 0.05). In MDA-MB-231 cells, overexpression of JMJD3 inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells and the expression of MMP-2 and VEGF.

CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of JMJD3, MMP-2 and VEGF in invasive ductal breast carcinoma are closely correlated to tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis and prognosis and can be used for prognostic evaluation of breast cancer.},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/genetics
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
Humans
Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases
Lymphatic Metastasis
Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
Prognosis
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

@article {pmid33240433,
year = {2021},
author = {Xu, S and Chen, T and Dong, L and Li, T and Xue, H and Gao, B and Ding, X and Wang, H and Li, H},
title = {Fatty acid synthase promotes breast cancer metastasis by mediating changes in fatty acid metabolism.},
journal = {Oncology letters},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
pmid = {33240433},
issn = {1792-1074},
abstract = {Fatty acid metabolism is closely associated with the occurrence and development of tumors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the key enzyme involved in fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid synthase (FASN), mediates fatty acid changes that affect the activity and migration of breast cancer cells, and whether specific fatty acids play a role in tumor metastasis. The difference in serum fatty acid profiles between patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and healthy controls was evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) fatty acid profile analysis, and it was revealed that five types of fatty acids may be potential tumor markers in IDC. Immunohistochemistry and GC-MS analysis revealed that FASN expression affected the serum fatty acid profiles of patients with IDC. Following FASN knockdown, the migration of SK-Br-3 breast cancer cells was inhibited, and the contents of various fatty acids both inside and outside the cell decreased, while the contents of various fatty acids inside and outside the cell increased following FASN overexpression. The results of the present study revealed that the expression level of FASN affected the content of fatty acids in IDC tissues and breast cancer cell lines, and that FASN-mediated changes in specific fatty acids promoted tumor cell migration.},
}

@article {pmid33239449,
year = {2020},
author = {Chen, J and Fleming, T and Katz, S and Dewenter, M and Hofmann, K and Saadatmand, A and Kronlage, M and Werner, MP and Pokrandt, B and Schreiter, F and Lin, J and Katz, D and Morgenstern, J and Elwakiel, A and Sinn, P and Gröne, HJ and Hammes, HP and Nawroth, PP and Isermann, B and Sticht, C and Brügger, B and Katus, HA and Hagenmueller, M and Backs, J},
title = {CaM Kinase II-δ is Required for Diabetic Hyperglycemia and Retinopathy but not Nephropathy.},
journal = {Diabetes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2337/db19-0659},
pmid = {33239449},
issn = {1939-327X},
abstract = {Type 2 diabetes has become a pandemic and leads to late diabetic complications of organs including kidney and eye. Lowering hyperglycemia is the typical therapeutic goal in clinical medicine. However, hyperglycemia may only be a symptom of diabetes but not the sole cause of late diabetic complications, Instead, other diabetes-related alterations could be causative. Here, we studied the role of CaM Kinase II δ (CaMKIIδ) that is known to be activated through diabetic metabolism. CaMKIIδ is expressed ubiquitously and might therefore affect several different organ systems. We crossed diabetic leptin receptor mutant mice to mice lacking CaMKIIδ globally. Remarkably, CaMKIIδ-deficient diabetic mice did not develop hyperglycemia. As potential underlying mechanisms, we provide evidence for improved insulin sensing with increased glucose transport into skeletal muscle but also reduced hepatic glucose production. Despite normoglycemia, CaMKIIδ-deficient diabetic mice developed the full picture of diabetic nephropathy but diabetic retinopathy was prevented. We also unmasked a retina-specific gene expression signature that might contribute to CaMKII-dependent retinal diabetic complications. These data challenge the clinical concept of normalizing hyperglycemia in diabetes as a causative treatment strategy for late diabetic complications and call for a more detailed analysis of intracellular metabolic signals in different diabetic organs.},
}

@article {pmid33238981,
year = {2020},
author = {Huang, Z and Hu, C and Liu, K and Yuan, L and Li, Y and Zhao, C and Hu, C},
title = {Risk factors, prognostic factors, and nomograms for bone metastasis in patients with newly diagnosed infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast: a population-based study.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {1145},
pmid = {33238981},
issn = {1471-2407},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, and it is also the leading cause of death in female patients; the most common pathological type of BC is infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC). Some nomograms have been developed to predict bone metastasis (BM) in patients with breast cancer. However, there are no studies on diagnostic and prognostic nomograms for BM in newly diagnosed IDC patients.

METHODS: IDC patients with newly diagnosed BM from 2010 to 2016 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database were reviewed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for BM in patients with IDC. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to explore the prognostic factors of BM in patients with IDC. We then constructed nomograms to predict the risk and prognosis of BM for patients with IDC. The results were validated using bootstrap resampling and retrospective research on 113 IDC patients with BM from 2015 to 2018 at the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University.

RESULTS: This study included 141,959 patients diagnosed with IDC in the SEER database, of whom 2383 cases were IDC patients with BM. The risk factors for BM in patients with IDC included sex, primary site, grade, T stage, N stage, liver metastasis, race, brain metastasis, breast cancer subtype, lung metastasis, insurance status, and marital status. The independent prognostic factors were brain metastases, race, grade, surgery, chemotherapy, age, liver metastases, breast cancer subtype, insurance status, and marital status. Through calibration, receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve analyses, we found that the nomogram for predicting the prognosis of IDC patients with BM displayed great performance both internally and externally.

CONCLUSION: These nomograms are expected to be a precise and personalized tool for predicting the risk and prognosis for BM in patients with IDC. This will help clinicians develop more rational and effective treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid33238073,
year = {2020},
author = {Okada, K and Takahara, T and Suzuki, Y and Kohno, K and Sakakibara, A and Satou, A and Takahashi, E and Nakamura, S},
title = {Histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms: Reappraisal of a Japanese series based on t(14;18) and neoplastic PD-L1 expression.},
journal = {Pathology international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pin.13044},
pmid = {33238073},
issn = {1440-1827},
abstract = {Histiocytic and dendritic cell (H/DC) neoplasms are heterogeneous, originating from myeloid- or stromal-derived cells. Multiple reports describe the cross-lineage transdifferentiation of neoplastic B cells into H/DC neoplasms. Most such cases are from Western countries, and rarely from Japan or East Asia. Here we report 17 cases of H/DC neoplasms in Japanese patients, with analysis of t(14;18) by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and of neoplastic programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression by immunostaining (clones SP142, E1J2J, and 28-8). These 17 cases were diagnosed according to the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, and included two histiocytic sarcomas (HS), two interdigitating cell (IDC) sarcomas, one Langerhans cell sarcoma, two dendritic cell sarcomas, and 10 follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcomas. No case had any past history of follicular lymphoma (FL). Two cases of HS and one IDC sarcoma, all of which were myeloid-driven, were found to exhibit t(14;18). In the latter case, at 30 months after IDC sarcoma diagnosis, FL development was detected. Three (30%) FDC sarcoma cases exhibited neoplastic PD-L1 expression with all the three PD-L1 antibody clones. This is the first report of t(14;18) and neoplastic PD-L1 expression on H/DC neoplasms among Japanese patients, each of which appeared to be associated with HS and FDC sarcoma, respectively.},
}

@article {pmid33237591,
year = {2020},
author = {Graetz, DE and Chen, Y and Devidas, M and Antillon-Klussmann, F and Fu, L and Quintero, K and Fuentes-Alabi, SL and Gassant, PY and Kaye, EC and Baker, JN and Rodriguez Galindo, C and Mack, JW},
title = {Interdisciplinary care of pediatric oncology patients in Central America and the Caribbean.},
journal = {Cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/cncr.33339},
pmid = {33237591},
issn = {1097-0142},
support = {//American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Interdisciplinary teamwork supports high-quality cancer care and effective utilization of limited resources. This study purposed to examine the value, structure, process, and effectiveness of interdisciplinary care (IDC) among pediatric oncology providers in low-income and middle-income countries in Central America and the Caribbean.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was disseminated to pediatric oncology providers at 5 centers participating in the Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Association of Central America. The survey included previously validated items and novel questions assessing the value (importance), structure (multidisciplinary meeting attendance), process (team climate), and effectiveness (job satisfaction, quality of care and communication) of IDC.

RESULTS: The survey was completed by 174 providers, including 22 oncologists, 9 pathologists, 9 radiologists, 5 radiation oncologists, 12 surgeons, 35 subspecialists, 60 nurses, 20 psychosocial providers, and 2 other staff. Participants agreed that IDC benefits team members (95%) and patients (96%). IDC structure and processes varied across the region. Multidisciplinary meeting attendance differed by center (P = .005) and discipline (P < .0001). Participants who frequently attended multidisciplinary meetings reported a more positive team climate (P = .0003). Team climate was positively associated with job satisfaction (P < .001). In multivariable analyses, team climate was predictive of an improved perception of communication between professionals (P < .0001), with families (P < .0001), and with patients (P = .0005), as well as with quality of the care environment (P = .006) and overall care quality (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Nearly all surveyed participants valued IDC, and the structure and processes supporting IDC varied by center. Associations between a collaborative professional climate, job satisfaction, and the perception of quality care encourage continued investigation and prioritization of IDC in these settings.},
}

@article {pmid33235571,
year = {2020},
author = {Djordjevic, M and Karanikolic, A and Velickovic, L and Milentijevic, M},
title = {Association of axillary node status with clinicopathological characteristics and expression of EZH2 and CD44 in primary breast ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {Pakistan journal of medical sciences},
volume = {36},
number = {7},
pages = {1539-1544},
pmid = {33235571},
issn = {1682-024X},
abstract = {Objective: In order to enhance the prognostic benefit of new molecular markers, the aim of this study was to identify possible association of axillary lymph node (ALN) status and pN with clinicopathological characteristics and expression of EZH2 and CD44 in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast.

Methods: The investigation included 106 patients with IDC who had undergone radical mastectomy at the Clinic of Endocrine Surgery in Nis. Clinicopathologic parameters and immunohistochemical expression of EZH2 and CD44 in primary IDC were investigated in relation to ALN status and pN.

Results: Our univariate analysis established that T3-T4 stage, high EZH2, and high EZH2 with ER- were associated with ALN metastasis (p=0.014; 0.003; 0.013). Decreased probability for ALN involvement was found with T1 stage, and low EZH2 with ER+ (p=0.032; 0.022). Multivariant analysis established that high EZH2 in cancer cells was associated with high risk for ALN metastases (p=0.004); T1 tumors were associated with low risk (p=0.037). Higher pN was associated with high EZH2, high EZH2 with ER-, as well as an advanced clinical and disease stage (p=0.006; 0.001; p=0.002, 0.001). Lower pN was associated with ER+, and ER+ with low EZH2 (p= 0.004; 0.012). CD44 was not associated with ALN involvement, nor with pN.

Conclusions: This study revealed association of EZH2 with ALN metastases, where disease stage and expression profiles of EZH2 and ER may have affected regional pN.},
}

@article {pmid33231786,
year = {2020},
author = {Rachamim, L and Zimmerman-Brenner, S and Rachamim, O and Mualem, H and Zingboim, N and Rotstein, M},
title = {Internet-based guided self-help comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (ICBIT) for youth with tic disorders: a feasibility and effectiveness study with 6 month-follow-up.},
journal = {European child & adolescent psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {33231786},
issn = {1435-165X},
abstract = {Practice guidelines endorse comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) as first-line treatment for tic disorders (TD) in youth. Nevertheless, CBIT is rarely available due to various barriers. This study evaluated the feasibility and potential effectiveness of an Internet-based, self-help CBIT program (ICBIT) guided by parents with minimal therapist support delivered via telepsychotherapy. Forty-one youths, aged 7-18 years, were randomly assigned to receive either ICBIT (n = 25) or a wait-list (WL) condition (n = 16) in a crossover design. ICBIT was feasible to implement and at post-treatment, 64% of the participants have improved significantly. Results demonstrated clinically meaningful reductions in tic severity and improved youth global impairment and functioning. Gains were maintained over a 6-month follow-up period. The effect size for the primary outcome measure (Yale Global Tic Severity Scale) ranged between large effect size (Cohen"s d = 0.91) at post-intervention to very large effect size (Cohen's d = 2.25) 6 months after the end of the acute intervention. These were comparable to face-to-face delivery treatment trials for TD. Participants rated the intervention as highly acceptable and satisfactory. Youth receiving ICBIT experienced improvement in self-esteem and comorbidity. Finally, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the ICBIT program enabled the delivery of the intervention consecutively without interruption. The results observed provide preliminary evidence of the feasibility and effectiveness of this innovative modality to assist youth with TD and remove various barriers to treatment, including those during a public crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Larger studies with an active control group are warranted.Trial registration URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04087616.},
}

@article {pmid33229203,
year = {2020},
author = {Madabhavi, I and Sarkar, M and Chavan, C and Trivedi, M},
title = {Maxillary bone metastasis, as an early sign of breast cancer; an unusual & rare site of metastasis from the common cancer.},
journal = {Oral oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105098},
doi = {10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105098},
pmid = {33229203},
issn = {1879-0593},
abstract = {Oral cavity metastases are considered rare and represent approximately 1% of all oral malignancies. Due to their rarity and atypical clinical and radiographic appearance, metastatic lesions are considered a diagnostic challenge. In this article we present a rare, unusual & exceptional case of left maxillary mass which on further evaluation leading to diagnosis of left breast carcinoma with metastasis to isolated left maxillary bone. Sixty five year old postmenopausal woman of low socioeconomic status with good performance status presented with a 3 months history of progressive pain and swelling in the left maxillary region. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) from the maxillary mass shows invasive ductal carcinoma. On further clinical, radiographic, and histopathological examination findings from the breast lesion confirmed the diagnosis of hormone receptor positive metastatic breast carcinoma. In view of painful metastatic maxillary lesion with breast disease she was managed with a palliative radiotherapy to the maxillary lesion and palliative chemotherapy with Doxorubicin-Cyclophosphamide and bhisphosphonate-Zolendronic acid. Patient responded very well to palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy, in view of hormone receptor positive breast cancer, now she is on Tab. Anastrazole 1 mg once a day along with monthly Zolendronic acid injection since last 13 months without any symptoms of disease evolution. A high index of clinical thought of metastatic cancer to maxilla is necessary when evaluating patients who complain of maxillary pain and swelling without a history of pain or swelling in the head and neck & non-head and neck region. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a metastatic isolated solitary maxillary bone metastasis presenting as an early sign of breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid33228656,
year = {2020},
author = {Adani-Ifè, A and Amégbor, K and Doh, K and Darré, T},
title = {Breast cancer in togolese women: immunohistochemistry subtypes.},
journal = {BMC women's health},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {261},
pmid = {33228656},
issn = {1472-6874},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Molecular classification of breast cancer is an important factor for prognostic and clinical outcomes. There are no data regarding molecular breast cancer subtypes among Togolese women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of ER, PR, HER2, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer receptors in Togolese patients and to establish the correlation between clinical and histological data and molecular types.

METHODS: Clinicopathologic data of patients were collected from clinical records. Immunohistochemistry biomarkers (ER, PR, and HER2) were assessed in patients who have been diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from March 2016 to March 2020 in the department of oncology. The analysis of variance and the Chi-square Test was used to analyze the data.

RESULTS: A total of 117 cases were collected. The mean age of patients was 52.05 ± 12.38 with an age range of 30 to 85 years. Half of the patients were over 50 years old and the majority (70.9%) was postmenopausal. More than half of patients (52.1%) presented with T3-T4tumors.The most common histologic subtype of breast cancer was invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (95.7%). Tumors grade 2 were predominant (51.3%) followed by grade 3 (42.7%). Advanced carcinomas were found in 69 patients (59%). The percentage of ER+, PR+, and HER2 positive tumors was 54.7%, 41%, and 15.4% respectively. The predominant molecular subtype was Triple negative (37.6%), followed by Luminal A (30.8.7%), Luminal B subtype (23.9%), and HER2 enriched (7.7%). There was a significant association between stage and breast cancer subtypes (p 0.025), histologic grade, and subtype (p < 0.0001) but no correlation was found with age, menopausal status, and tumor size.

CONCLUSION: Breast carcinoma in our patients are high grade tumors and are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Triple negative and Luminal A are the two predominant breast cancer subtypes in Togolese women. Consequently, Receptor testing availability should be a priority to offer the best breast cancer treatment.},
}

@article {pmid33214271,
year = {2020},
author = {Greenbaum, D},
title = {Space debris puts exploration at risk.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {370},
number = {6519},
pages = {922},
doi = {10.1126/science.abf2682},
pmid = {33214271},
issn = {1095-9203},
}

@article {pmid33209515,
year = {2020},
author = {Sabir, AU and Sabir, S and Abbas, S},
title = {Bloody Aggressive: A Case Report on a Fungating Breast Mass in a Paraplegic Requiring Emergency Mastectomy.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {12},
number = {10},
pages = {e10952},
pmid = {33209515},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Fungating malignant lesions pose a huge deal of agony to the patients. Their management is also deemed as difficult by most physicians. This report describes a case of a 45-year-old paraplegic female with delayed presentation of a very aggressive fungating left breast mass, which was diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma. The uncontrollable hemorrhage had the surgeons succumb to the option of emergency mastectomy as a palliative treatment to save the life of the patient. Hence, we infer that the emergency mastectomy in a hemorrhagic fungating breast lesion can be life-saving and can be performed with little to no risk to the patient. Such a procedure, surprisingly, has never been documented in the surgical literature before.},
}