@article {pmid40960244,
year = {2025},
author = {Nguyen, DL and Grimm, LJ and Wells, VA and Shpanskaya, K and Baker, JA},
title = {Echogenic Rind Associated With Suspicious Masses on Ultrasound: Performance for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Associations With Pathologic Tumor Characteristics.},
journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2214/AJR.25.33732},
pmid = {40960244},
issn = {1546-3141},
abstract = {Background: The BI-RADS 6th edition ultrasound lexicon is anticipated to include an echogenic rind as a new associated feature, defined as a thick hyperechoic band partially or completely surrounding a mass and disrupting surrounding tissue texture. Objective: To assess the performance for breast malignancy diagnosis and associations with pathologic tumor characteristics of an echogenic rind associated with a suspicious mass on breast ultrasound. Methods: This retrospective study included patients who underwent diagnostic breast ultrasound showing a suspicious mass (BI-RADS category 4 or 5) and subsequent ultrasound-guided biopsy from July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023. Two radiologists independently reviewed ultrasound examinations for echogenic rinds (requiring ≥25% circumferential extent) associated with masses; readers also measured masses without and with inclusion of echogenic rinds. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using histopathology as the reference. Results: The study included 511 patients (mean age, 52 years) with 583 suspicious masses; 249 masses were diagnosed as breast malignancy. Presence of echogenic rind yielded sensitivity and specificity for breast malignancy for reader 1 of 58% and 81%, and reader 2 of 51% and 85%, respectively. An echogenic rind was associated with invasive cancer for reader 1 (invasive ductal carcinoma [IDC] [62%], invasive lobular carcinoma [ILC] [57%], ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS] [24%]; p=.003) and reader 2 (IDC [53%], ILC [53%], DCIS [18%]; p=.03). An echogenic rind was associated with invasive cancer molecular subtype for reader 1 (luminal A [66%], luminal B [48%], HER2-enriched [100%], basal-like [49%], p=.002) and reader 2 (luminal A [62%], luminal B [32%], HER2-enriched [67%], basal-like [31%]; p<.001). In 168 resected malignancies, the difference between pathologic tumor size (mean, 19 mm) and ultrasound-based mass size, without and with inclusion of echogenic rinds, for reader 1 was 4 mm and 3 mm, and reader 2 was 7 mm and 5 mm, respectively. Conclusions: An echogenic rind serves as a more specific than sensitive indicator of breast malignancy. Among breast malignancies, the finding is associated with invasive cancer. Inclusion of the rind decreases tumor size underestimation relative to surgical pathology. Clinical Impact: These results provide insights into the clinical implications of an echogenic rind on ultrasound.},
}

@article {pmid40957887,
year = {2025},
author = {Kadri, S and Fischer, A and Mück-Häusl, M and Han, W and Kadri, A and Lin, Y and Yang, L and Hu, S and Ye, H and Ramesh, P and Ansari, M and Schiller, HB and Machens, HG and Rinkevich, Y},
title = {A mesothelial differentiation gateway drives fibrosis.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {8295},
pmid = {40957887},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Mice ; Epithelium/metabolism/pathology ; Fibrosis ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Lung/pathology/metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Disease Models, Animal ; Transcriptome ; *Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {Internal organs are encased by a supportive epithelial monolayer of mesodermal origin, termed mesothelium. The nature, evolution and function of mesothelial cells, and their genetic regulation impacting disease development are insufficiently understood. Here, we generate a comprehensive organ-wide single-cell transcriptomic compendium of mesothelium across healthy and diseased mouse and human organs, delineating the evolution of conserved activated states of mesothelial cells in response to disease. We uncover genetic drives behind each cell state and reveal a conserved metabolic gate into multipotent proteolytic, inflammatory and fibrotic cell differentiation, in mouse and human. Using lung injury models in mice, in combination with mesothelial cell-specific viral approaches, we show that direct metabolic reprogramming using Ifi27l2a and Crip1 on organ surfaces, blocks multipotent differentiation and protects mouse lungs from fibrotic disease. These findings place mesothelial cells as cellular exemplars and gateway to fibrotic disease, opening translational approaches to subvert fibrosis across a range of clinical indications.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Cell Differentiation/genetics
Mice
Epithelium/metabolism/pathology
Fibrosis
Epithelial Cells/metabolism
Lung/pathology/metabolism
Single-Cell Analysis
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Disease Models, Animal
Transcriptome
*Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology/genetics/metabolism
Male
Female

@article {pmid40950543,
year = {2025},
author = {Abon, JCR and Valparaiso, AP and Yuga, ACQ},
title = {Necrotizing Fasciitis of Bilateral Breasts following Unilateral Modified Radical Mastectomy for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature.},
journal = {Acta medica Philippina},
volume = {59},
number = {11},
pages = {98-104},
pmid = {40950543},
issn = {2094-9278},
abstract = {Necrotizing fasciitis of the breast is a rare but potentially fatal soft tissue infection. It may occur primarily in patients without any direct cause, and less commonly after undergoing elective surgical procedures such as cosmetic mammoplasties and oncologic resections. This is a case of a 46-year-old female with stage IIIA invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast treated with modified radical mastectomy presenting with a necrotizing infection involving the bilateral breast regions and left lateral abdomen six days after operation. She was managed with broad-spectrum antibiotics and radical debridement with right mastectomy, followed by wound coverage with split-thickness skin grafting. This is the eight case of breast necrotizing fasciitis occurring after mastectomy for breast cancer reported in the literature.},
}

@article {pmid40947659,
year = {2025},
author = {Goldhaber, NH and O'Keefe, TJ and Longo, L and Blair, SL and Grossi, S},
title = {Effect of Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy on Breast Conservation in Invasive Ductal Versus Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: A Comparative Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jso.70082},
pmid = {40947659},
issn = {1096-9098},
support = {//The authors received no specific funding for this work./ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Comparative efficacy of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy in downstaging invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) versus invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) remains an area of uncertainty and may impact primary breast conservation rates.

METHODS: The National Cancer Database was used to identify women with IDC and ILC who underwent neoadjuvant hormonal therapy alone between 2004 and 2020. Clinical and pathological T-staging were examined and patients that downstaged before surgery were identified. Univariate and multivariate comparison analyses were performed. The effect of duration of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy was also examined.

RESULTS: Among women with IDC, 39.5% had lesions that downstaged compared to 30.0% with ILC (p < 0.001). Overall, the duration of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy was longer in patients with downstaged lesions compared to those that did not (mean = 126.9 v 99.4 days; p < 0.001). Of those who downstaged, 43% of patients with IDC and 57.8% of patients with ILC underwent mastectomy following neoadjuvant hormonal therapy.

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, ILC lesions are less likely to downstage after neoadjuvant hormonal therapy alone compared to IDC lesions. In both histologic subtypes, cancers were more likely to downstage after over 120 days of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy. Clinicians should be mindful when counseling patients that neoadjuvant hormonal therapy alone may not preclude the need for mastectomy in ILC.},
}

@article {pmid40946623,
year = {2025},
author = {AlGhuneem, AA and AlMoosa, NY and Awadh, MB},
title = {Occult breast cancer management with axillary lymph node dissection versus sentinel lymph node biopsy: Case reports and literature review.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {135},
number = {},
pages = {111896},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.111896},
pmid = {40946623},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. In patients with occult breast cancer, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been shown to reduce complications, shorter hospital stay, and improved quality of life compared to axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). This study presents two case reports comparing outcomes of ALND versus SLNB in the management of occult breast cancer. CASE 1: A 52-year-old female presented with a left axillary tail mass which showed invasive ductal carcinoma. Underwent left axillary lymph node dissection. She developed postoperative drain seroma. The patient was managed conservatively. CASE 2: A 65-year-old female known case of diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and dyslipidemia presented with a right axillary tail mass which showed features suggestive of metastatic carcinoma, most arising from breast origin. The patient underwent uneventful right sentinel lymph node biopsy without any postoperative complications.

DISCUSSION: While ALND is associated with more complications including, seroma, lymphedema, paresthesia, infection, and nerve injury, SLNB offers a less invasive approach with favorable outcome.

CONCLUSION: SLNB is an effective and less morbid approach for managing occult breast cancer and warrants further study in larger cohorts.},
}

@article {pmid40944124,
year = {2025},
author = {Mrosewski, I and Fleming, T and Schulze-Tanzil, G and Werner, C and Gögele, C and Mantel, V and Kokozidou, M and Bertsch, T},
title = {Menaquinone-7 Supplementation Increases Multiple Advanced Glycation End-Products and Oxidation Markers in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {17},
number = {17},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu17172733},
pmid = {40944124},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {SZ_FP_008.18//Kerscher´sche Stiftung/ ; SZ_FP_164.20//Kerscher´sche Stiftung/ ; },
abstract = {Background: Dicarbonyls and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) contribute to oxidative stress, inflammation, and complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a vitamin K2 subtype, has shown benefits for glucose tolerance and vascular health in some studies. We evaluated the impact of MK-7 on dicarbonyls, free AGEs, and protein nitration/oxidation adducts in a rat model of T2DM. Methods: Male heterozygous (fa/+, control) and homozygous (fa/fa, diabetic) Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats were fed a diabetogenic diet without or with MK-7 for 12 weeks. After sacrifice, plasma dicarbonyls as well as plasma and urinary levels of free AGEs and protein nitration/oxidation adducts were quantified by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Diabetic rats showed significantly increased plasma glyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone, and fructosyl-lysine with non-significant trends toward increased methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone and methionine sulfoxide, as well as reductions in methylglyoxal and dityrosine. Urinary carboxyethyl-lysine, carboxymethyl-lysine, fructosyl-lysine (all significant), and dityrosine (non-significant) were elevated in diabetic rats; glucosepane (non-significant) was reduced. MK-7 supplementation reduced no measured parameter but was associated with non-significant further increases in plasma glyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone, carboxyethyl-lysine, carboxymethyl-lysine, fructosyl-lysine, 3-nitrotyrosine, and methionine sulfoxide, as well as in urinary glyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone, carboxyethyl-lysine, fructosyl-lysine, and 3-nitrotyrosine, in diabetic rats. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between glucose, dicarbonyls, AGEs, and oxidative markers. Conclusions: High-dose MK-7 supplementation did not improve dicarbonyl stress, AGE burden, or protein nitration/oxidation. With respect to available scientific evidence and our observations, the combination of glycemia-driven amplification of glycation and oxidative stress, as well as MK-7-induced glutathione depletion, were likely causative.},
}

@article {pmid40929383,
year = {2025},
author = {Uppal, R and Rehan Uppal, M and Tahir, R and Saeed, U and Khan, AA and Uppal, MS and Ali, Z and Ozsahin, DU and Tariq, MN and Waheed, Y and Piracha, ZZ},
title = {Bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns: a comprehensive analysis of health dynamics across regions in Pakistan (2013-2023).},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {85},
number = {},
pages = {e285605},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.285605},
pmid = {40929383},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {Pakistan/epidemiology ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; *Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/drug therapy ; Prevalence ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Young Adult ; Child, Preschool ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Child ; Aged ; Infant, Newborn ; Escherichia coli/drug effects/isolation & purification ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology/epidemiology ; Salmonella/drug effects/isolation & purification ; },
abstract = {Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health concern globally, and Pakistan is no exception. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics, inadequate regulation of their sale, and a lack of awareness contribute to the rising levels of AMR in the country. study presents a detailed analysis of blood and urine samples collected in Pakistan over various periods, focusing on pathogen prevalence, gender distribution, and age-wise patterns. From January 2013 to 2017, the North region exclusively contributed to the blood sample dataset, with Salmonella emerging as the primary pathogen, particularly affecting infants and neonates. Subsequently, from January 2017 to December 2020, a significant dataset emerged from the North and Punjab regions, with Salmonella and E.coli prevalent across all age groups, notably impacting adults and infants. In the period from January 2021 to the present, blood samples predominantly originated from the North and Punjab regions, with Salmonella and E.coli remaining significant pathogens, affecting adults and the elderly. Regarding urine samples, from January 2013 to December 2017, E.coli was the dominant pathogen, with females showing a higher susceptibility to urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly among the elderly. Similarly, from January 2017 to December 2020, E.coli remained predominant, with UTIs more prevalent in females and the elderly. In the most recent period, the North region significantly contributed to UTI cases, with E.coli remaining predominant and females exhibiting a higher susceptibility, especially among the elderly. This comprehensive analysis provides crucial insights into the epidemiology of blood and urinary tract infections in Pakistan, informing public health strategies and interventions aimed at addressing these health challenges.},
}

Pakistan/epidemiology
Humans
Female
Male
Adult
Infant
Middle Aged
Adolescent
*Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/drug therapy
Prevalence
*Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Young Adult
Child, Preschool
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
Child
Aged
Infant, Newborn
Escherichia coli/drug effects/isolation & purification
Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology/epidemiology
Salmonella/drug effects/isolation & purification

@article {pmid40926949,
year = {2025},
author = {Gmur, MK and Gajewski, M and Goliat, W and Haraziński, K and Dalski-Szelag, PR and Jastrzebska, I and Sławińska, B and Maryniak, N and Sysło, O and Błecha, Z and Rubik, N},
title = {A Case Report of Synchronous Multicentric Breast Carcinoma With Biologically Discordant Phenotypes: Luminal A and Triple-Negative Subtypes.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {e89666},
pmid = {40926949},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {We present the case of a 45-year-old Caucasian woman diagnosed with synchronous bicentric breast cancer of differing molecular phenotypes in the same breast. The first tumor, an invasive ductal carcinoma (G1), was estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive and HER2-negative, with a low proliferative index (Ki67 10%). A second lesion, located in a different quadrant and appearing within weeks after biopsy, exhibited a triple-negative phenotype and a higher proliferative index (Ki67 30%). Both tumors were classified as stage IA. Due to the multicentric nature of disease, the patient underwent mastectomy with sentinel node biopsy and immediate reconstruction. Genetic testing was negative for BRCA1/2, CHEK2, and PALB2 mutations, though familial cancer history suggested a possible hereditary syndrome (FCC suspicion). This case underscores the complexity of managing multicentric breast cancer with discordant receptor status and raises questions about the role of biopsy sites in tumor development.},
}

@article {pmid40922956,
year = {2025},
author = {Dahi, F and Shahbazi, S and Geranpayeh, L},
title = {mtDNA copy number/miR663/AATF axis in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {BioImpacts : BI},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {30792},
pmid = {40922956},
issn = {2228-5652},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number variations have been reported in multiple human cancers. Previous studies indicate that mitochondrial retrograde signaling regulates miR663, which plays a key role in tumorigenesis, including regulating apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (AATF). This study investigates the expression of miR663 and AATF in relation to mtDNA copy number in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast.

METHODS: Paired primary tumors and adjacent non-tumor tissues were analyzed to assess changes in miR663 and AATF expression using fold-change analysis. The mtDNA copy number was quantified using COX1 as the mitochondrial gene and COX4 as the nuclear control gene. To validate the findings, publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were also analyzed.

RESULTS: A significant reduction in tumor miR663 expression was observed (fold change=0.139), with a strong correlation between miR663 and AATF expression. A significant Z-score difference was also detected between miR663 and mtDNA copy number. miR663 was predominantly expressed in grade I tumors but significantly downregulated in higher-grade tumors, whereas AATF expression increased with tumor grade. In silico analysis of TCGA data confirmed elevated AATF expression, with notable variations across breast cancer subtypes.

CONCLUSION: We observed reduced expression of miR663 and mtDNA copy number in breast tumors, along with variations in AATF levels across subtypes. The decrease in miR663 could be associated with lower mtDNA copy numbers and impaired retrograde signaling, impacting AATF expression and function. Our findings underscore the therapeutic promise of targeting the mtDNA/miR-663/AATF axis, which could lead to advancements in breast cancer treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40921139,
year = {2025},
author = {Xiao, Y and Song, L and Xie, WJ and Chen, RW and Lin, ZJ and Lin, XY and Liu, Y and Jiang, Y and Xu, S and Xu, JP},
title = {Histone Methyltransferase EHMT2 Promotes the Progression of Breast Ductal Carcinoma by Regulating the Hippo Pathway.},
journal = {Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer},
volume = {44},
number = {3},
pages = {63-74},
doi = {10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2025056721},
pmid = {40921139},
issn = {2162-6537},
mesh = {Humans ; *Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism/genetics/antagonists & inhibitors ; Female ; Hippo Signaling Pathway ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism/genetics ; Mice ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Disease Progression ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Mice, Nude ; Cell Proliferation ; *Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a major type of breast cancer. The utilization of inhibitors targeting histone methyltransferases introduces novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of cancer. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments were applied to assess the levels of EHMT2 in IDC and adjacent tissues. HCC70 cells were treated with EHMT2 inhibitors (UNC0646 and BIX-01294), and assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and transwell assays to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis, and migratory capacity, respectively. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe. The expressions of Hippo pathway were analyzed via Western blot assay. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect the subcellular localization changes in YAP expression. A xenograft tumor model of HCC70 cells was applied to validate the tumor-suppressive influences of EHMT2 inhibitors in vivo. We observed significant upregulation of EHMT2 in both IDC clinical samples and IDC cell lines, with high EHMT2 expression correlating with poor prognosis. After treatment with EHMT2 inhibitors UNC0646 or BIX-01294, HCC70 cells exhibited inhibition of proliferation and migratory capacity, alongside an increase in apoptosis rate and ROS production levels. UNC064 or BIX-01294 promoted the phosphorylation levels of MST1, LATS1, MOB1A, and YAP, indicating the activation of the Hippo pathway by EHMT2 inhibitors. Moreover, UNC0646 and BIX-01294 enhanced the cytoplasmic expression of YAP while inhibiting its nuclear localization, preventing its nuclear activation. EHMT2 was upregulated in IDC, and EHMT2 inhibitors suppressed IDC progression by modulating the Hippo signaling pathway.},
}

Humans
*Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism/genetics/antagonists & inhibitors
Female
Hippo Signaling Pathway
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
Animals
Cell Line, Tumor
*Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism/genetics
Mice
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism/genetics
Signal Transduction
Disease Progression
Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Apoptosis
Mice, Nude
Cell Proliferation
*Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism/genetics

@article {pmid40920319,
year = {2025},
author = {Musa, DH},
title = {Hormonal receptor status and lymph nodes involvement in breast cancer: a retrospective study.},
journal = {Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)},
volume = {71},
number = {8},
pages = {67-71},
doi = {10.14715/cmb/2025.71.8.10},
pmid = {40920319},
issn = {1165-158X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Adult ; *Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology ; *Lymph Nodes/pathology/metabolism ; Aged ; Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Hormonal status and lymphatic invasion are two important prognostic factors among cases of breast cancer. This study aims to assess and evaluate the hormonal receptor status and lymph node involvement among female breast cancer patients in Duhok city, Kurdistan region, Iraq. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 156 diagnosed cases of breast cancer who had undergone surgical treatment and laboratory investigations at Azadi Teaching Hospital and Duhok Private Hospital for 30 months. Hormonal status (ER, PR, HER2 enriched, and Ki67), luminal staging, and lymphatic invasions were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified accounted for 87.8% of the total sample, with Luminal A being the most common form (42.31%), followed by Luminal B (37.17%). The prevalence of hormonal status among cases of breast cancer with lymphatic invasion was ER 42.5%, PR 41.2%, HER2 enriched 21.01%, and Ki67 36.8%; however, these differences were not statistically significant (P values: 0.586, 0.65, 0.253, and 0.469, respectively). In conclusion, invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common histological type of breast cancer, and the most frequent biological form is Luminal A. A significant number of breast cancer cases with positive lymphatic invasion show positive hormonal receptor levels; however, the number of lymphatic invasions is not correlated with the type of hormonal receptor positivity.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
*Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Adult
*Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Lymphatic Metastasis/pathology
*Lymph Nodes/pathology/metabolism
Aged
Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
Cross-Sectional Studies
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism

@article {pmid40919401,
year = {2025},
author = {Xue, L and Sheng, Z},
title = {Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Presenting as Recurrent Cystic Lesions During Lactation: A Case Report.},
journal = {Clinical case reports},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {e70850},
pmid = {40919401},
issn = {2050-0904},
abstract = {Lactation-associated breast cancer poses diagnostic challenges due to physiological breast changes that may mask malignancies. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) during lactation is rare and aggressive, requiring vigilant evaluation and treatment. This report highlights the diagnostic dilemma of recurrent cystic breast lesions during lactation, which can mimic benign conditions like galactoceles but may conceal aggressive TNBC, leading to potential delays in diagnosis despite initial conservative approaches such as aspiration. A 26-year-old lactating woman presented with recurrent complex cystic lesions initially mistaken for benign lactational changes. Despite multiple aspirations, the lesions enlarged, leading to surgical excision. Pathology confirmed TNBC (ER-, PR-, HER2-, Ki-67 ~40%). Core needle biopsy and extended resection with sentinel lymph node biopsy confirmed grade III invasive ductal carcinoma. The patient received 8 cycles of chemotherapy (4 cycles of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by 4 cycles of taxane) without radiotherapy, achieving 6-year recurrence-free survival. Persistent complex cystic lesions during lactation require core needle biopsy to rule out malignancy. Multimodal TNBC treatment can yield favorable outcomes, including fertility preservation, as evidenced by the patient's subsequent pregnancy in 2024.},
}

@article {pmid40918116,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, H and Zhang, H and Dai, R and Zheng, D and Zhao, J and Jing, H and Ma, X and Zhang, L and Sun, W and Suo, Z},
title = {CD68 as a multi-omic prognostic biomarker in digestive system cancers: correlations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoints.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1599677},
pmid = {40918116},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism ; *Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology/metabolism ; Prognosis ; *Antigens, CD/genetics/metabolism/immunology ; *Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics/metabolism/immunology ; Female ; Male ; *Digestive System Neoplasms/immunology/mortality/metabolism/pathology/genetics ; *Immune Checkpoint Proteins/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Multiomics ; CD68 Molecule ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: CD68 plays a crucial role in promoting phagocytosis. However, its expression level, prognostic value and the correlations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) or common tumor immune checkpoints (TICs) in human digestive system cancers (DSC) remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the expression levels, prognostic significance, and clinical implications of CD68, as well as its correlations with six TIICs and four common TICs in DSC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed CD68 mRNA and protein expression using online databases and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarray (TMA) sections, comparing DSC tumor tissues with adjacent normal tissues. Overall survival (OS) was calculated to evaluate the prognostic value of CD68 in DSC. Additionally, correlations between CD68 expression and six TIICs (B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, NK cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts) or four common TICs (PDCD1, CTLA4, IDO1, and CD40) were assessed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER).

RESULTS: CD68 mRNA expression was significantly higher in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, but lower in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and pancreas invasive ductal carcinoma (PAAD). Protein expression of CD68 was significantly higher in COAD than in adjacent normal tissues, but lower in ESCA, LIHC, PAAD, and STAD. CD68 protein expression served as a prognostic marker in COAD and STAD. Furthermore, CD68 expression showed strong positive correlations with the six TIICs and significant positive correlations with the four TICs in DSC.

CONCLUSION: CD68 may serve as an essential prognostic biomarker in COAD and STAD and could be a promising candidate for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targeting in human DSC.},
}

Humans
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism
*Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology/metabolism
Prognosis
*Antigens, CD/genetics/metabolism/immunology
*Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics/metabolism/immunology
Female
Male
*Digestive System Neoplasms/immunology/mortality/metabolism/pathology/genetics
*Immune Checkpoint Proteins/metabolism
Middle Aged
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
Multiomics
CD68 Molecule

@article {pmid40914542,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Q and Huang, J and Wu, S and Wang, J and Yu, T and Wei, W and Yang, T and Wu, X and Zhai, J and Zhang, X},
title = {Neuro-immuno-stromal context in colorectal cancer: An enteric glial cell-driven prognostic model via machine learning predicts survival, recurrence, and therapy response.},
journal = {Experimental cell research},
volume = {452},
number = {1},
pages = {114733},
doi = {10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114733},
pmid = {40914542},
issn = {1090-2422},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Enteric glial cells (EGCs) have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model integrating EGC- and CRC-associated gene expression to predict patient survival, recurrence, metastasis, and therapy response.

METHODS: Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data were analyzed, and a machine learning-based model was constructed using the RSF random forest algorithm. The model's prognostic value was evaluated through survival analysis, pathway enrichment, immune profiling, and therapy response predictions.

RESULTS: The model effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups, with high-risk patients exhibiting significantly worse overall survival (OS) and an increased likelihood of recurrence and metastasis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified key pathways associated with tumor progression, immune regulation, and microenvironmental interactions. The model was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration and chemokine signaling. High-risk patients exhibited reduced immune therapy efficacy and distinct drug sensitivity profiles, suggesting its potential to guide personalized treatment strategies.

CONCLUSION: This model serves as a valuable tool for CRC prognosis and treatment stratification, with potential clinical applications pending further validation.},
}

@article {pmid40910488,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, DC and Alhamdani, Z and Papa, N and Shen, E and Kovaleva, N and Gao, M and Emmett, L and Hofman, MS and Ryan, A and Scott, AM and Lee, ST and Lawrentschuk, N and Perera, ML and Bolton, DM},
title = {The Blind Spot of PSMA-PET Staging? Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate Is Overrepresented in Patients With No Uptake Pattern on Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography and High-Grade Prostate Cancer.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101097JU0000000000004734},
doi = {10.1097/JU.0000000000004734},
pmid = {40910488},
issn = {1527-3792},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) is increasingly used to diagnose and stage prostate cancer. A PRIMARY score uses anatomical localization and uptake patterns to improve diagnostic accuracy. We evaluated the histopathology of patients with no uptake pattern (PRIMARY score 1) and the prevalence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) in this subset compared with those with an uptake pattern (PRIMARY score ≥ 2).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 2-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted including consecutive patients imaged with intraprostatic [[68]Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 or [[18]F]DCFPyL PSMA PET before radical prostatectomy. All PSMA PET scans were centrally reviewed by nuclear medicine physicians, with PRIMARY scores and quantitative imaging parameters recorded. Perioperative characteristics, Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS), and histopathology were collected. The distribution of grade group and other histopathological findings, including IDC-P, were examined according to PSMA uptake patterns.

RESULTS: A total of 178 patients were analyzed. A PRIMARY score 1 finding on intraprostatic PSMA PET was seen in 30 (17%) patients. IDC-P in prostatectomy specimens was more frequent in these patients compared with PRIMARY score ≥ 2 patients (12/30, 40% vs 31/148, 21%; P = .026). In the PRIMARY score 1 subset, patients with IDC-P had considerably more pathological grade group ≥ 3 disease than those without IDC-P (100% vs 33%). Eighty-one percent of all patients had PI-RADS scores 4 or 5 on prebiopsy MRI. This study is potentially limited by the selection of patients with PRIMARY score 1 disease who subsequently proceeded to surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients who are being considered for radical prostatectomy because of adverse clinical, PI-RADS or biopsy features, a PSMA PET demonstrating no intraprostatic uptake pattern should not be considered inherently a marker or small volume or lesser grade disease. Some high-grade cancers, particularly those associated with IDC-P, may not be well visualized on PSMA PET.},
}

@article {pmid40909583,
year = {2025},
author = {Brown, AS and Llinás, M and Mahony, S},
title = {Chromatin state dynamics during the Plasmodium falciparum intraerythrocytic development cycle.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40909583},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {R35 GM144135/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; T32 GM152354/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The interdependence of chromatin states and transcription factor (TF) binding in eukaryotic genomes is critical for the proper regulation of gene expression. In this study, we explore the connection between TFs and chromatin states in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, throughout its 48-hour asexual intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC). Most P. falciparum genes are expressed in a periodic manner during the IDC, accompanied by dynamic shifts in histone modifications and chromatin accessibility. Leveraging genome-wide profiles of chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) occupancy, we characterize chromatin state dynamics during the IDC. Our results indicate that several chromatin states remain stable throughout the lifecycle, while others are dynamic and are linked to gene activation or repression. We further characterize chromatin state dynamics at the genome-wide DNA binding sites for a selection of Plasmodium TFs, allowing us to group TFs according to their chromatin preferences. By correlating changes in chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and TF binding, we provide a global overview of the chromatin state dynamics that coordinate P. falciparum asexual blood stage development.},
}

@article {pmid40909459,
year = {2025},
author = {Albayrak, NE},
title = {Case Report: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: a review of the literature and illustration of six cases.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1551309},
pmid = {40909459},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {"Primary neuroendocrine breast carcinoma (NEBC) is an underdiagnosed subtype of breast cancer, which includes small cell (SCNEC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC). Accurate diagnosis remains challenging given their low incidence; misclassification as invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), or a metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma may occur. Cases with any component of adenocarcinoma and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors were excluded. A search of the pathology database (2012-2024) revealed six female patients (27-85 years) with a final pathologic diagnosis of NEBC (stages IA-IV), including four diagnosed with LCNEC and two with SCNEC. Even though most NEBC cases (5 of 6; 83%) were of the luminal subtype, five of six patients (83%) developed distant metastases within 4 years of the initial diagnosis. Molecular profiling of six cases revealed common alterations in the FGF/FGFR and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. In summary, primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast display aggressive behavior. However, they are more likely to harbor certain alterations, such as activating PIK3CA mutations and FGFR1 amplification, which can be of therapeutic value. The Ki-67 index, unlike in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, is not suitable for grading neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the breast. However, it can still serve as a tool for risk stratification, similar to its use in luminal-type breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40904548,
year = {2025},
author = {Navaeipour, F and Sanderson, RW and Li, J and Rawlins, S and Hepburn, MS and Kennedy, BF},
title = {Development of breast-mimicking phantoms for use in optical coherence elastography.},
journal = {Journal of biomedical optics},
volume = {30},
number = {12},
pages = {124504},
pmid = {40904548},
issn = {1560-2281},
mesh = {*Phantoms, Imaging ; *Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods/instrumentation ; *Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods/instrumentation ; Humans ; Female ; *Breast/diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; },
abstract = {SIGNIFICANCE: Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is an emerging technique for mapping tissue mechanical properties into an image, known as an elastogram, with microscale resolution. Although system characterization phantoms are widely used in OCE development, there is a critical need for tissue-mimicking phantoms that can more accurately replicate the complex structural and mechanical properties of tissues, particularly for validating clinical applications, such as in breast cancer.

AIM: We aim to investigate the effects of tissue-like structures on elastogram formation in a controlled environment by developing and characterizing two types of breast tissue-mimicking phantoms, replicating invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) morphology and the other mimicking breast ductal networks.

APPROACH: We present a comprehensive methodology for fabricating breast-mimicking phantoms using optical coherence tomography and ductography images to provide information on tissue structure. The method employs 3D-printed molds, casting different silicone materials for IDC-mimicking phantoms and implementing a dissolving mold technique to create duct-mimicking phantoms, which can be tested in both empty and fluid-filled states.

RESULTS: The IDC-mimicking phantom successfully replicates structural features as small as 100    μ m , revealing complex mechanical behaviors at tissue interfaces, including strain concentrations where tissues of different stiffness interact. The duct-mimicking phantom demonstrates distinct mechanical responses between configurations, with hollow ducts creating sharp discontinuities at boundaries, whereas fluid-filled ducts exhibit more gradual transitions in mechanical properties.

CONCLUSIONS: Our methodology demonstrates the capability to fabricate breast tissue-mimicking phantoms that reproduce both the structural and mechanical properties of breast tissue, providing a controlled environment for investigating OCE performance and understanding how tissue architecture influences elastogram formation, particularly at interfaces among different tissue types.},
}

*Phantoms, Imaging
*Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods/instrumentation
*Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods/instrumentation
Humans
Female
*Breast/diagnostic imaging
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Printing, Three-Dimensional

@article {pmid40901930,
year = {2025},
author = {Jassim Ghrabat, MJ and Ghaib, AA and Al-Hossenat, A and Abduljabbar, ZA and Nyangaresi, VO and Ma, J and Aldarwish, AJY and Abduljaleel, IQ and Honi, DG and Neamah, HA},
title = {Effective SMOTE boost with deep learning for IDC identification in whole-slide images.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {9},
pages = {e0329078},
pmid = {40901930},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Deep Learning ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging ; Neural Networks, Computer ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is highlighted in recent research as one of the most prevalent types of cancer. Timely identification is essential for enhancing patient results and decreasing fatality rates. Utilizing computer-assisted detection and diagnosis early on may greatly improve the chances of recovery by accurately predicting outcomes and developing suitable treatment plans. Grading breast cancer properly, especially evaluating nuclear atypia, is difficult owing to faults and inconsistencies in slide preparation and the intricate nature of tissue patterns. This work explores the capability of deep learning to extract characteristics from histopathology photos of breast cancer. The research introduces a new method called SMOTE-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technology to detect areas impacted by Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) in whole slide pictures. The trials used a dataset of 162 individuals with IDC, split into training (113 photos) and testing (49 images) groups. Every model was subjected to individual testing. The SMO_CNN model we developed demonstrated exceptional testing and training accuracies of 98.95% and 99.20% respectively, surpassing CNN, VGG19, and ResNet50 models. The results highlight the effectiveness of the created model in properly detecting IDC-affected tissue areas, showing great promise for improving breast cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. We surpassing other models as such, CNN, VGG19, ResNet50.},
}

Humans
*Deep Learning
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging
Neural Networks, Computer
*Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods

@article {pmid40896954,
year = {2025},
author = {Ogita, M and Kumamaru, H and Kubo, M and Kinukawa, N and Niikura, N and Saji, S and Toi, M},
title = {Survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the breast compared with invasive ductal carcinoma by biological subtype: A matched analysis of the Japanese national clinical database-breast cancer registry.},
journal = {Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)},
volume = {83},
number = {},
pages = {104567},
doi = {10.1016/j.breast.2025.104567},
pmid = {40896954},
issn = {1532-3080},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Owing to the rarity of primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast, the prognosis of SCC remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of breast SCC by subtype.

METHODS: A total of 350,977 patients with breast SCC or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) were identified from the National Clinical Database-Breast Cancer Registry from 2004 to 2014. SCC and IDC patients with triple-negative and luminal subtypes were matched 1:1 via exact matching. Overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared between patients with SCC and those with IDC. In-field area recurrence was analyzed among patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy.

RESULTS: The study included 452 SCC patients and 182,707 IDC patients. SCC patients were more likely than IDC patients to have advanced-stage disease. The crude 10-year OS, BCSS, and RFS were 70 %, 80 %, and 66 % for patients with SCC, and 88 %, 93 %, and 81 % for patients with IDC, respectively. After 204 patients with the triple-negative subtype and 68 patients with the luminal subtype in each group were matched, the 10-year BCSS was significantly worse for SCC (76.7 %) than for IDC (85.5 %) within the triple-negative subtype. There were no differences in OS, BCSS, or RFS for the luminal subtype. The rates of in-field area recurrence were similar between patients with SCC and those with IDC with either the triple-negative subtype or the luminal subtype.

CONCLUSIONS: Within the triple-negative subtype, SCC histology was associated with a significantly worse prognosis than IDC.},
}

@article {pmid40895939,
year = {2025},
author = {Correa Sandoval, DC and Guajardo Nieto, DA and Guzman Murguia, JL},
title = {Primary Breast Carcinoma in Ectopic Breast Tissue in the Suprapubic Region Presenting as a Subcutaneous Nodule: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e89015},
pmid = {40895939},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Ectopic breast tissue (EBT) is an uncommon congenital condition resulting from incomplete involution of the milk line. Primary carcinomas arising in EBT have been reported in a small number of cases, most frequently in the axilla, but they may occur anywhere along the mammary line. Here, we present the case of a 69-year-old woman who presented with an asymptomatic subcutaneous nodule located at the end of a Pfanneistein's laparotomy scar in the suprapubic region. Histopathological examination revealed invasive ductal carcinoma, compatible with no special type, originating from EBT. The patient underwent wide local excision of the lesion with clear margins, followed by adjuvant treatment with letrozole. This case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and emphasizes the significance of recognizing the rare presentation of primary breast carcinoma in EBT. Early detection and appropriate treatment, including surgical intervention and targeted therapy, are essential for optimizing patient outcomes in such cases.},
}

@article {pmid40895660,
year = {2025},
author = {El Masadi, M and Elouaouch, S and Bouayed, FZ and BenSghier, A and Berhili, S and Moukhlissi, M and Mezouar, L},
title = {Apocrine Breast Carcinoma With an Atypical Immunohistochemical Profile: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {e89193},
pmid = {40895660},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and encompasses a wide variety of histopathological subtypes. While invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) represents the most prevalent form, rare variants such as apocrine carcinoma (AC) also warrant particular attention. Classically, AC of the breast is defined by apocrine morphology, negativity for hormonal receptors (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR)), and strong positivity for the androgen receptor (AR). However, the present case involving a 37-year-old woman who detected a nodule at the junction of the lower quadrants of the right breast illustrates an atypical variant of this tumor subtype. Histological examination revealed two lesions displaying typical apocrine carcinomatous proliferation but with an unusual immunohistochemical profile: ER expression at 80%, PR expression at 5%, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. This deviation from the classical apocrine profile highlights the biological heterogeneity of these tumors and underscores the importance of thorough characterization to optimize therapeutic management.},
}

@article {pmid40891975,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, HJ and Chae, EY and Eom, HJ and Choi, WJ and Shin, HJ and Cha, JH and Kim, HH},
title = {Node Reporting and Data System Evaluation of Axillary Nodes in Invasive Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma.},
journal = {Radiology},
volume = {316},
number = {3},
pages = {e243823},
doi = {10.1148/radiol.243823},
pmid = {40891975},
issn = {1527-1315},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Axilla ; Retrospective Studies ; *Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {Background Although the Node Reporting and Data System (Node-RADS) offers a standardized method for assessing lymph node metastasis, its performance may vary according to the histologic type of breast cancer. Purpose To evaluate the applicability of the Node-RADS score in assessing axillary lymph node involvement in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) or invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, data from consecutive women with pathologically confirmed IDC or ILC who underwent preoperative breast MRI between January 2017 and December 2018 were analyzed. Axillary nodal status was assessed using Node-RADS, in which nodal size and configuration criteria are combined into a final assessment score ranging from 1 (very low suspicion) to 5 (very high suspicion). The performance of the Node-RADS score for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis was compared between the two histologic types using the χ[2] test. Results A total of 1602 women (mean age, 50.6 years ± 9.8 [SD]), including 25 with bilateral cancers, were included, yielding 1627 breast cancers. Among these cancers, 1486 were IDC and 141 were ILC. The frequency of lymph node metastasis was 25% (377 of 1486) for IDC and 28% (40 of 141) for ILC (P = .44). A Node-RADS score of 3 or greater yielded the highest Youden index for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis for both histologic types. At this cutoff, the sensitivity and specificity were 71.1% (268 of 377) and 86.5% (959 of 1109) for IDC and 52.5% (21 of 40) and 85.1% (86 of 101) for ILC, respectively. Although there was no evidence of a difference in specificity between the histologic types, sensitivity was significantly lower for ILC (P = .02). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.83 for IDC and 0.74 for ILC (P = .08). Multivariable logistic regression analyses confirmed Node-RADS score as an independent predictor of axillary lymph node metastasis (odds ratio, 3.1; P < .001). Conclusion The Node-RADS score demonstrated comparable performance in terms of AUC in axillary nodal evaluation for IDC and ILC but lower sensitivity for ILC. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Freitas in this issue.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Middle Aged
Axilla
Retrospective Studies
*Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Adult
Aged
Sensitivity and Specificity

@article {pmid40888169,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, S and Xiang, H and Huang, Z and Teng, Y and Xing, W},
title = {Feasibility and Prognostic Analysis of Neoadjuvant Therapy Followed by Breast-Conserving Surgery for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Combined with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ.},
journal = {Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {2547226},
doi = {10.1080/08941939.2025.2547226},
pmid = {40888169},
issn = {1521-0553},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/mortality/pathology ; *Mastectomy, Segmental/adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects/methods ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy/mortality/pathology ; Feasibility Studies ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/mortality/pathology ; Prognosis ; Adult ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Aged ; Disease-Free Survival ; Treatment Outcome ; Breast/pathology/surgery ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aim to investigate the oncological safety of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) followed by breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients with the presence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) on pre-NAT biopsy.

METHODS: The data of women with IDC who underwent radical surgery between January 2013 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed from two institutions. The study endpoints were 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and local recurrence-fee survival (LRFS).

RESULTS: Overall, 994 eligible patients were enrolled. Patients with IDC with DCIS (n = 277) and patients undergoing BCS (n = 285) were selected separately for prognostic analysis. For patients with IDC with DCIS, the 5-year DFS (p = 0.517) and 5-year LRFS (p = 0.397) rates of the patients undergoing BCS were similar to those of patients undergoing mastectomy after propensity score matching. In addition, the 285 patients who underwent BCS were divided into the IDC + DCIS and IDC groups. The 5-year DFS (p = 0.394) and 5-year LRFS (p = 0.341) rates were similar between the IDC and IDC + DCIS groups.

CONCLUSION: NAT followed by BCS combined with adjuvant radiotherapy is a safe and feasible treatment option in patients with IDC with DCIS under the premise of strict adherence to the surgical indications and adequate incision margins.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/mortality/pathology
*Mastectomy, Segmental/adverse effects
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects/methods
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy/mortality/pathology
Feasibility Studies
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/mortality/pathology
Prognosis
Adult
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology/prevention & control
Aged
Disease-Free Survival
Treatment Outcome
Breast/pathology/surgery

@article {pmid40870508,
year = {2025},
author = {Saray, S and Yılmaz, T and Kanmaz, H and İriağaç, Y},
title = {Androgen Receptor: Clinical Importance in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving CDK 4/6 Inhibitor Treatment.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {61},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40870508},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Receptors, Androgen/analysis ; Aged ; Adult ; *Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/antagonists & inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/antagonists & inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Retrospective Studies ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Estrogen/analysis ; ROC Curve ; Clinical Relevance ; },
abstract = {Background and Objectives: The effect of AR expression on prognosis in hormone receptor-positive her2-negative breast cancer is controversial. There are studies showing that AR is a treatment target, a mechanism of resistance to endocrine treatments, and a prognostic indicator in these patients whose standard treatment is a CDK 4/6 inhibitor added to endocrine treatment. We aimed to investigate the effect of AR, the AR/ER ratio, and the AR/PR ratio on CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment response in breast cancer, as well as their effects on PFS, and to validate the hypothesis that AR is a target for research. Materials and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with metastatic hormone receptor-positive her2-negative breast cancer and received cdk4/6 inhibitor + aromatase inhibitor in first-line therapy were included in this study conducted at Balıkesir Atatürk City Hospital. The tru-cut biopsy samples of the patients were evaluated immunohistochemically for AR, ER, and PR. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the estimated median survival in PFS analyses, and the variables were compared with the Log-Rank test. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to determine the ideal cut-off. Cox regression analysis was used in univariate survival models, and the multivariate model was established with the "Forward: Likelihood Ratio (LR)" method. Hazard ratios (HRs) were also calculated as 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). A p value below 0.05 was accepted for statistical significance. Results: In total, 41 patients were included in the study, and 73% (n = 30) of the patients were AR-positive. Increased AR (HR 1.014; 95% CI: 1.002-1.026; p = 0.023) was an unfavorable prognostic indicator. In our study, being ≥55 years old, being postmenopausal, not having visceral metastasis, having a non-IDC histology, having a low AR level (<50%), having an AR/ER ratio < 0.74, and having an AR/PR ratio < 1.00 were found to be associated with longer PFS. All factors were evaluated with univariate Cox regression analysis. Increasing AR (HR 1.014; 95% CI: 1.002-1.026; p = 0.023) was an unfavorable prognostic marker. Having an AR/ER ratio ≥ 0.74 (HR: 2.522; 95% CI: 1.004-6.336; p = 0.049) and having AR/PR ≥ 1 (HR: 2.659; 95% CI: 1.029-6.869; p = 0.043) were negative prognostic indicators. Conclusions: Our results were consistent with the literature and demonstrated the value of the androgen receptor as a therapeutic target, a mechanism explaining resistance to endocrine therapy, and an adverse prognostic indicator for creating resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
Middle Aged
*Receptors, Androgen/analysis
Aged
Adult
*Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/antagonists & inhibitors/therapeutic use
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/antagonists & inhibitors/therapeutic use
Prognosis
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Retrospective Studies
Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
ROC Curve
Clinical Relevance

@article {pmid40868386,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, F and Chen, W and Zhang, J and Zou, J and Gu, B and Yang, H and Hu, S and Liu, X and Song, S},
title = {2.5D Deep Learning and Machine Learning for Discriminative DLBCL and IDC with Radiomics on PET/CT.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40868386},
issn = {2306-5354},
support = {U23A2046//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82272035//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 23DZ2291400//Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Projects/ ; 23TS1400800//Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Projects/ ; SACA-AX202316//Soaring Plan of the Anti-Cancer Association/ ; SHDC 12023103//Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center Project/ ; },
abstract = {We aimed to establish non-invasive diagnostic models comparable to pathology testing and explore reliable digital imaging biomarkers to classify diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Our study enrolled 386 breast nodules from 279 patients with DLBCL and IDC, which were pathologically confirmed and underwent [18]F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18]F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examination. Patients from two centers were separated into internal and external cohorts. Notably, we introduced 2.5D deep learning and machine learning to extract features, develop models, and discover biomarkers. Performances were assessed using the area under curve (AUC) and confusion matrix. Additionally, the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) and local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) techniques were employed to interpret the model. On the internal cohort, the optimal model PT_TDC_SVM achieved an accuracy of 0.980 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.957-0.991) and an AUC of 0.992 (95% CI: 0.946-0.998), surpassing the other models. On the external cohort, the accuracy was 0.975 (95% CI: 0.913-0.993) and the AUC was 0.996 (95% CI: 0.972-0.999). The optimal imaging biomarker PET_LBP-2D_gldm_DependenceEntropy demonstrated an average accuracy of 0.923/0.937 on internal/external testing. Our study presented an innovative automated model for DLBCL and IDC, identifying reliable digital imaging biomarkers with significant potential.},
}

@article {pmid40868059,
year = {2025},
author = {Pérez-Rodríguez, ND and Martín-Ramírez, R and González-Fernández, R and Maeso, MDC and Ávila, J and Martín-Vasallo, P},
title = {Functional Disruption of IQGAP1 by Truncated PALB2 in Two Cases of Breast Cancer: Implications for Proliferation and Invasion.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40868059},
issn = {2227-9059},
support = {FIISIC EMER24/02//Gobierno de Canarias/ ; 87406381//Pfizer (General Research Pre-clinical/Clinical)/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Truncating mutations in PALB2, a critical component of the BRCA1-PALB2-BRCA2 homologous recombination repair complex, are associated with increased risk and aggressiveness of breast cancer. The consequences of PALB2 truncation on the expression, localization, and functional dynamics of the scaffold protein IQGAP1 were investigated in this study based on two cases of truncated PALB2 human breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), specifically, c.1240C>T (p.Arg414*) and c.2257C>T (p.Arg753*). Methods: Using confocal microscopy, we examined co-expression patterns of IQGAP1 with PALB2, PCNA, CK7, and β-tubulin in tumor tissues from both control cancer and PALB2-mutated cases. Results: In PALB2-truncated tumors, IQGAP1 exhibited enhanced peripheral and plasma membrane localization with elevated co-localization levels compared to controls, suggesting altered cytoskeletal organization. PALB2 truncation increased nuclear and cytoplasmic N-terminal PALB2 immunoreactivity, indicating the presence of truncated isoforms disrupting the homologous recombination repair system. Co-expression analyses with PCNA revealed an inverse expression pattern between IQGAP1 and proliferation markers, suggesting S-phase cell cycle-dependent heterogeneity. Furthermore, the loss of IQGAP1 dominance over CK7 and β-tubulin in mutant tumors, along with persistent intercellular spacing, implied a loss of cell-cell cohesion and the acquisition of invasive traits. Conclusions: These data support a model where PALB2 truncation triggers a reorganization of IQGAP1 that disrupts its canonical structural functions and facilitates tumor progression via enhanced motility and impaired cell-cell interaction. IQGAP1 thus serves as both a functional effector and potential biomarker in PALB2-mutated IDC, opening novel paths for diagnosis and targeted therapeutic intervention.},
}

@article {pmid40881883,
year = {2025},
author = {Xing, C and Li, P and Yang, S and Man, Q and Zhang, X and Yuan, Q and Hu, M and Bai, Y and Zhang, K},
title = {Investigation of the efficacy and safety of lung biopsy plus microwave ablation for a solitary suspected malignant pulmonary nodule after radical mastectomy.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1525114},
pmid = {40881883},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of CT-guided lung biopsy combined with microwave ablation (MWA) for solitary suspected malignant pulmonary nodules in post-radical surgery breast cancer patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 37 post-radical surgery breast cancer patients with solitary suspected malignant pulmonary nodules, treated with CT-guided lung biopsy and MWA between January 2014 and December 2018. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Clinical outcomes and complications were analyzed.

RESULTS: Pathological results identified primary lung cancer in 5 patients (13.5%, 5/37) and metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma (breast origin) in 30 patients (81.1%, 30/37). Major complications included pneumothorax (n=8, 21.6%), chest pain (n=6, 16.2%), and hemoptysis (n=4, 10.8%). For metastatic cases, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 86.2%, 58.3%, and 35.3%, respectively. The median progression-free survival after MWA was 35 months (range: 4-72; 95% CI: 24.53-46.48), and median overall survival was 44 months (95% CI: 32.55-55.45).

CONCLUSION: CT-guided lung biopsy combined with MWA is a safe and effective approach for managing solitary suspected malignant pulmonary nodules in post-radical surgery breast cancer patients.},
}

@article {pmid40877724,
year = {2025},
author = {Chu, C and Goldman, J and Joung, H and Go, S and Jones, R and Stranix, JT},
title = {Breast Cancer Incidence Among Patients Undergoing Chest Masculinization Surgery: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40877724},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The incidence of breast cancer (BC) cases among transgender males undergoing gender-affirming mastectomy (GAM) and the future BC risk for this population are not well established. This scoping review aimed to explore breast cancer incidence rates before and after GAM in the United States.

METHODS: Following the Arskey and O'Malley framework, the search was conducted in Embase and PubMed using keywords "gender-affirming surgery" and "breast cancer." The initial search resulted in 405 articles, with 36 articles imported to Covidence for the screening and selection phase. The articles were limited to the United States alone and within the last 10 years.

RESULTS: For final inclusion, 13 articles were identified (11 observational/retrospective cohort studies and 2 case studies). Across all the studies, 42 cases of atypia, 6 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), 1 case of Paget's disease, and 10 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) were reported. Nine studies reviewed routine GAM surgical specimens (3869 cases), identifying 42 cases of atypia, 5 cases of DCIS, 1 case of Paget's disease, and 3 cases of IDC. Seven invasive carcinomas and one DCIS case were detected pre-GAM during screening and involved concurrent treatment from breast and plastic surgery teams.

CONCLUSIONS: Standardization and best-practice screening protocols, including breast imaging before GAM and pathology performed on specimens collected during GAM, are needed. A shared decision-making approach and clinical coordination, including breast and plastic surgery for patients who receive a breast cancer diagnosis while pursuing GAM, can help achieve oncologic and cosmetic goals.},
}

@article {pmid40852646,
year = {2025},
author = {Elias, TM and Desa, DE and Brown, EB and Paul, S and Ramirez, GA and Turner, BM and Madden, K and Gonzalez, RS and Weiss, A and Brown, EB},
title = {Exploring racial differences in second-harmonic-generation-based prognostic indicators of metastasis in breast and colon cancer.},
journal = {Biophotonics discovery},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40852646},
issn = {3005-4745},
support = {R21 CA208921/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {SIGNIFICANCE: Second-harmonic generation (SHG) analysis of collagen internal structure and overall organization in the tumor microenvironment may enhance current metastasis prediction methods, which do not prognosticate with the same accuracy for patients of different races. For these optical tools to be clinically available, a multicenter trial is needed. We investigate if SHG-based prognostic signals vary with patient race, providing insight for designing such a trial.

AIM: SHG imaging was performed on colon adenocarcinoma (CRC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patient samples to derive two prognostic indicators. We assessed the association between these indicators and patient race.

APPROACH: SHG images were analyzed as previously described to determine the forward- to backward-SHG scattering ratio (F/B) and fiber angle variability (FAV). Both prognostic measurements were compared between Black and White patients.

RESULTS: In the IDC cohort, F/B from the tumor-stroma interface differed significantly between demographic groups. For the CRC cohort, a trend was observed in the tumor-stroma interface and tumor bulk. FAV did not vary by race in either cohort.

CONCLUSIONS: F/B variation with patient race suggests the relationship between F/B and metastatic outcome may vary with patient race. These findings highlight the potential need for race-specific prognostic algorithms to improve metastasis prediction for all patients.},
}

@article {pmid40875574,
year = {2025},
author = {Perez, A and Schaverien, MV and George-Palop, M and Chang, EI and Barcenas, CH and Viola, GM},
title = {The Impact of Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer in Reducing the Rate of Cellulitis in Patients with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/PRS.0000000000012412},
pmid = {40875574},
issn = {1529-4242},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Poorly managed breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) may lead to recurrent cellulitis. Advances in the management of lymphedema have evolved beyond conservative decongestive therapy to include vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT). Herein, we analyzed the impact of VLNT in the reduction of upper extremity cellulitis in breast cancer survivors.

METHODS: We reviewed all patients at our institution who had breast cancer, underwent mastectomy, experienced upper extremity lymphedema, and proceeded with VLNT from 2017 to 2021. Patients were included if they had 1 or more episodes of cellulitis within the year prior to VLNT and were followed for at least 12 months.

RESULTS: We included 66 patients that fulfilled our strict inclusion criteria with a median age of 57 years (IQR, 23-76 years). All patients were female and most were White (88%), with a mean (± SD) body mass index of 29.4 ± 6.7 kg/m2. Many presented with invasive ductal carcinoma (82%), had axillary lymph node dissection (98%), received chemotherapy (94%) and radiation therapy (86%). VLNT was performed at a median of 92 months after mastectomy (IQR, 32-156 months). Overall, 58 (88%) patients remained infection-free with an infection rate decrease from an average of 2.27 before the index VLNT to 0.17 (P < .0001) after VLNT.

CONCLUSIONS: VLNT is associated with significantly decreased cellulitis rates and should be considered as part of the infectious diseases armamentarium for the treatment of recurrent upper extremity cellulitis due to BCRL without adequate clinical improvement to conservative management alone.},
}

@article {pmid40873579,
year = {2025},
author = {Baena, JC and Victoria, JS and Toro-Pedroza, A and Aragón, CC and Ortiz-Guzman, J and Garcia-Robledo, JE and Torres, D and Rios-Serna, LJ and Albornoz, L and Rosales, JD and Cañas, CA and Adolfo Cruz-Suarez, G and Osorio, FO and Fleitas, T and Laponogov, I and Loukanov, A and Veselkov, K},
title = {Smart CAR-T Nanosymbionts: archetypes and proto-models.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1635159},
pmid = {40873579},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods ; *Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology/genetics ; Animals ; *Nanoparticles ; Artificial Intelligence ; Precision Medicine/methods ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; Nanotechnology/methods ; },
abstract = {Personalized medicine has redefined cancer treatment by aligning therapies with each patient's unique biological profile. A key example is chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, in which a patient's own T cells are genetically modified to recognize and destroy cancer cells. This approach has delivered remarkable results in hematologic malignancies and is beginning to show promise in solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. However, its broader adoption is limited by major challenges, including complex manufacturing, high costs, limited efficacy in solid tumors, and potentially severe toxicities. Nanotechnology offers exciting possibilities to overcome many of these barriers. Engineered nanoparticles can improve gene delivery, target tumors more precisely, enhance immune cell function, and enable in vivo CAR-T production, reducing the need for labor-intensive ex vivo processes. However, despite this promise, translation into clinical settings remains difficult due to regulatory hurdles, scalability issues, and inconsistent reproducibility in human models. At the same time, artificial intelligence (AI), with its powerful algorithms for data analysis and predictive modeling, is transforming how we design, evaluate, and monitor advanced therapies, including the optimization of manufacturing processes. In the context of CAR-T, AI holds strong potential for better patient stratification, improved prediction of treatment response and toxicity, and faster, more precise design of CAR constructs and delivery systems. Leveraging these three technological pillars, this review introduces the concept of Smart CART Nanosymbionts, an integrated framework in which AI guides the design and deployment of nanotechnology-enhanced CAR-T therapies. We explore how this convergence enables optimization of lipid nanoparticle formulations for mRNA transfection, specific targeting and modification of the tumor microenvironment, real-time monitoring of CAR-T cell behavior and toxicity, and improved in vivo CAR-T generation and overcoming barriers in solid tumors. Finally, it's important we also address the ethical and regulatory considerations surrounding this emerging interface of living therapies and computational driven systems. The Smart CART Nanosymbionts framework (Figure 1:) represents a transformative step forward, promising to advance personalized cancer treatment toward greater precision, accessibility, and overall effectiveness.},
}

Humans
*Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
*Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology/genetics
Animals
*Nanoparticles
Artificial Intelligence
Precision Medicine/methods
*Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
Nanotechnology/methods

@article {pmid40865509,
year = {2025},
author = {Yoneyama, K and Nakagawa, M and Hara, A},
title = {A case report of male breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {135},
number = {},
pages = {111804},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.111804},
pmid = {40865509},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Male breast cancer is a rare disease that accounts for less than 1 % of all breast cancer cases. The most common surgical treatment for male breast cancer is mastectomy, but breast-conserving surgery has been performed increasingly in recent years. This report describes a case of male breast cancer that was treated by breast-conserving surgery.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old man visited our hospital complaining of a painless mass in his left breast. Imaging revealed a well-defined cystic mass, aspiration of which revealed bloody fluid. Cytology was inconclusive, but the findings were suggestive of malignancy. A left lumpectomy was performed for diagnostic purposes. Postoperative pathology revealed invasive ductal carcinoma with a predominant intraductal component. The surgical margins were negative. The patient declined adjuvant hormone therapy and radiotherapy and has been kept under follow-up in the year since surgery. There has been no recurrence during this time.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: As in women, the goals of treatment for breast cancer in men are oncological safety and satisfactory cosmetic results. In the absence of specific guidelines for the treatment of male breast cancer, mastectomy is currently the standard treatment. However, in recent years, breast-conserving surgery has been performed for tumors that are discovered early and do not invade the nipple and areola. If curability and safety can be guaranteed, breast-conserving surgery can be considered for male breast cancer.

CONCLUSION: Breast-conserving surgery can be an effective treatment option in men with breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40863403,
year = {2025},
author = {Roshan, M and Mudrack, C and Sulaj, A and von Rauchhaupt, E and Fleming, T and Schimpfle, L and Seebauer, L and Flegka, V and Longo, VD and Kliemank, E and Herzig, S and Hohneck, A and Kender, Z and Szendroedi, J and Kopf, S},
title = {Exploring the Relationship Between Insulin Resistance, Liver Health, and Restrictive Lung Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40863403},
issn = {2075-4426},
support = {Collaborative Research Center 1118 (CRC1118)//Federal Ministry for Research (BMBF)/German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)./ ; },
abstract = {Background: Restrictive lung disease (RLD) is a potential complication in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its relationship with insulin resistance and liver-related metabolic dysfunction remains unclear. This study evaluated the association between lung function and metabolic markers in T2D and retrospectively assessed whether metabolic improvements from dietary intervention were accompanied by changes in lung function. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 184 individuals (101 with T2D, 33 with prediabetes, and 50 glucose-tolerant individuals). Lung function parameters-vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity by plethysmography (TLC-B), and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (TLCO)-were assessed alongside metabolic markers including HOMA2-IR, fatty liver index (FLI), NAFLD score, and Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). In a subset of 54 T2D participants, lung function was reassessed after six months following either a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD, n = 14), Mediterranean diet (n = 13), or no dietary intervention (n = 27). Results: T2D participants had significantly lower VC and TLC-B compared to glucose-tolerant and prediabetic individuals, with 18-21% falling below clinical thresholds for RLD. Lung volumes were negatively correlated with HOMA2-IR, FLI, NAFLD score, and FIB-4 across the cohort and within the T2D group. Although the FMD intervention led to significant improvements in HOMA2-IR and FLI, no corresponding changes in lung function were observed over the six-month period. Conclusions: Restrictive lung impairment in T2D is associated with insulin resistance and markers of liver steatosis and fibrosis. While short-term dietary interventions can improve metabolic parameters, their effect on lung function may require a longer duration or additional interventions and targeted follow-up. These findings highlight the relevance of pulmonary assessment in individuals with metabolic dysfunction.},
}

@article {pmid40863096,
year = {2025},
author = {Cioroianu, RA and Schenker, M and Rădulescu, VM and Berisha, TC and Cioroianu, GO and Popescu, M and Ciofiac, CM and Petrescu, AM and Mogoantă, SȘ},
title = {Therapeutic Patterns and Surgical Decision-Making in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Regional Cohort Study in Romania.},
journal = {Clinics and practice},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40863096},
issn = {2039-7275},
abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women globally. In Romania, it is the most frequent form of cancer affecting women, with approximately 12,000 new cases diagnosed annually, and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality, second only to lung cancer. Methods: This study looked at 79 breast cancer patients from Oltenia, concentrating on epidemiology, histology, diagnostic features, and treatments. Patients were chosen based on inclusion criteria such as histopathologically verified diagnosis, availability of clinical and treatment data, and follow-up information. The analyzed biological material consisted of tissue samples taken from the breast parenchyma and axillary lymph nodes. Even though not the primary subject of this paper, all patients underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation both preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: We found invasive ductal carcinoma to be the predominant type, while ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and mixed types were rare. We performed cross-tabulations of metastasis versus nodal status and age versus therapy type; none reached significance (all p > 0.05), suggesting observed differences were likely due to chance. A chi-square test comparing surgical interventions (breast-conserving vs. mastectomy) in patients who did or did not receive chemotherapy showed, χ[2] = 3.17, p = 0.367, indicating that chemotherapy did not significantly influence surgical choice. Importantly, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were used at similar rates across age groups, whereas neoadjuvant hormonal (endocrine) therapy was more common in older patients (but without statistical significance). Conclusions: Finally, we discussed the consequences of individualized care and early detection. Romania's shockingly low screening rate, which contributes to delayed diagnosis, emphasizes the importance of improved population medical examination and tailored treatment options. Also, the country has one of the lowest rates of mammography uptake in Europe and no systematic population screening program.},
}

@article {pmid40861718,
year = {2025},
author = {Kawthalkar, A and Nayak, S and Jaiswal, K},
title = {Cytology in Mucinous Breast Carcinoma: Diagnostic Insights and a Rare Bilateral Case.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e88670},
pmid = {40861718},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Introduction Cytological evaluation of breast lumps is often conducted as part of the triple test for breast carcinomas and provides a confirmation of the clinical and radiological diagnosis. Mucinous carcinomas of the breast, while a relatively rare entity, are important to recognize due to their favorable prognosis. The present research has been designed to study and highlight the specific cytological features of mucinous carcinoma of the breast as well as present a rare case of cytologically diagnosed bilateral breast mucinous carcinoma. Materials and methods A two-year retrospective analysis of cytologically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed cases of mucinous carcinoma of the breast was conducted. Relevant clinical and radiological details were noted and included in the study. All slides were assessed for specific features that assist in the final diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma based on cytology alone. Results A total of seven cases of mucinous carcinoma of the breast in a span of two years were identified on cytology. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) yielded mucoid material in all cases. Abundant extracellular mucin was observed in all cases. In all cases, there was abundant cellularity. Most of the epithelial cells were seen to be arranged predominantly in clusters. In all cases, cells were uniform and had a moderate amount of cytoplasm and a round nucleus showing mild atypia. Branching, delicate capillary fragments (chicken-wire vascularity) were noted in six (85%) cases. Histopathological correlation was available for all cases, confirming mucinous carcinoma. There was a single case of metachronous bilateral breast mucinous carcinomas, with the right and left breast lesions being palpable five and three years back, respectively, by the patient. Discussion The mean size, age group, and cytological features were consistent with the findings of previous studies. Typically, pure mucinous subtypes show abundant extracellular mucin with floating islands and isolated tumor cells within on histopathology. Mixed mucinous carcinomas often show more solid areas with an invasive ductal carcinoma component. In the present study, there was a single case of bilateral mucinous carcinoma of the breast, making it only the third case to be reported so far. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first case of mucinous carcinoma presenting in bilateral breasts to be reported on FNAC. Conclusion Strict adherence to the above diagnostic cytologic criteria, which includes abundant pools of mucin, tight clusters of epithelial cells exhibiting mild atypia, and branching capillaries, is the key to a confident diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma of the breast on cytology. Though extremely rare, bilateral mucinous carcinoma of the breast does occur and can be reliably diagnosed on cytology.},
}

@article {pmid40860639,
year = {2025},
author = {Jassim, GA and AlMohri, MA and AlAsoomi, HY and AlNooh, A and AlDoseri, SF},
title = {Performance Metrics of Mammography Screening Programmes in Primary Health Care Centres in Bahrain.},
journal = {International journal of women's health},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {2583-2593},
pmid = {40860639},
issn = {1179-1411},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mammography is the cornerstone of breast cancer screening. Its diagnostic performance, however, is influenced by population demographics such as age and breast density.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish contemporary performance benchmarks for mammography screening in Bahrain's primary health-care centres (PHCs) and to identify areas for quality improvement.

METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was performed on mammograms from asymptomatic women aged ≥40 years who were screened in 2020 at primary health care centres. Screening outcomes were cross-referenced with subsequent breast cancer diagnoses recorded in the Bahrain Cancer Registry (2021-2022). Mammographic findings were categorised using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), and performance metrics including the cancer detection rate (CDR), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated.

RESULTS: A total of 2196 screening mammograms were included, with a mean patient age of 56.1 years. The cancer detection rate was 12.3 per 1000 screens, and the recall rate was 30.6%. Sensitivity and specificity were 69.2% and 71.2%, respectively, and the interval cancer rate was 5.4 per 1000. The most common breast density category was "scattered fibroglandular" (61.8%). Recall rates were significantly associated with breast density (p < 0.001). Among the 39 patients diagnosed with breast cancer, invasive ductal carcinoma was the most prevalent subtype (71.8%).

CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the moderate utility of mammography screening in Bahrain, characterised by a relatively high recall rate and a need to optimise reporting standards and recall criteria. Tailored strategies such as supplemental imaging for women with dense or high-risk breasts, strict adherence to BI-RADS guidelines, and implementing double reading or single reading with computer-aided detection could improve screening outcomes. These results establish important regional performance benchmarks and can inform policies to enhance breast cancer detection and management in the Arabian Gulf region.},
}

@article {pmid40858478,
year = {2025},
author = {Garcia-Tejedor, A and Julià, C and Ciria, J and Guevara-Peralta, R and Ortega-Expósito, C and Ortega, R and Stradella, A and Pérez-Montero, H and Reyes-Juncan, G and Benitez, A and Guma, A and Azcarate, J and Campos, M and Plà, MJ and Martinez, E and Pernas, S and Ponce, J and Falo, C},
title = {Prognostic Outcomes by Axillary Approach in Lobular and Ductal Breast Cancer With Sentinel Node Macrometastases: A Retrospective Cohort Study.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2025.07.022},
pmid = {40858478},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare survival outcomes between patients with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma non-special type (NST) presenting with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)-detected macrometastases in early-stage breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including 364 cN0 breast cancer patients with SLNB-detected macrometastases who underwent surgical treatment between July 2011 and December 2023. Patients were categorized as NST (n = 250) or ILC (n = 108). SLNB was the primary axillary staging procedure, with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) performed according to predefined clinical criteria. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify predictors of pN2-pN3. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared with log-rank tests.

RESULTS: ILC patients presented with larger tumors, higher rates of multifocality, and greater axillary nodal involvement compared to NST. Surgery was more frequently mastectomy and ALND. pN2-N3 was identified in 12% of cases, with pT3 stage, ILC histology, and lymphovascular invasion as independent predictors. After a median follow-up of 7.6 years, the ILC group exhibited higher overall mortality (19.4% vs. 9.6%) and deaths attributed to systemic progression (57% vs. 29%). Ten-year distant disease-free survival and breast cancer-specific survival were significantly lower in the ILC cohort (63% vs. 87% and 65% vs. 93%, respectively; P < .05). Although 10-year overall survival was lower in ILC (54% vs. 79%), statistical significance was only observed in patients with advanced nodal disease (pN2-N3).

CONCLUSIONS: ILC is associated with more advanced axillary burden and significantly worse long-term oncologic outcomes compared to NST carcinoma when macrometastases are present at SLNB.},
}

@article {pmid40849879,
year = {2025},
author = {Oolbekkink, S and Wolthaus, JWH and van Asselen, B and Stijnman, PRS and Raaymakers, BW},
title = {Development and demonstration of end-to-end testing for intra-fraction motion-managed workflows.},
journal = {Medical physics},
volume = {52},
number = {9},
pages = {e18042},
pmid = {40849879},
issn = {2473-4209},
support = {18495//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; },
mesh = {*Workflow ; Movement ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Humans ; Radiometry ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intra-fraction motion management techniques, including beam gating and intra-fraction drift correction (IDC), have recently been introduced on the Unity MR-linac (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) to mitigate the dosimetric impact of motion during treatment. However, residual motion (e.g., within the gating window) still affects the delivered dose, causing deviations from the statically planned dose. Conventional end-to-end (E2E) testing does not incorporate such (known) motion, hampering evaluation of motion managed workflows.

PURPOSE: This study develops and demonstrates novel methods that incorporate known motion before treatment delivery. Using such a reference dose distribution allows for E2E testing of intra-fraction motion-managed workflows.

METHODS: A novel approach was developed to assess the E2E accuracy for motion-managed delivery techniques by comparing the measured dose distribution to a reference dose distribution that incorporates the applied motion during the delivery. Two motion-included reference dose distributions were generated and evaluated: (1) A Priori Motion-Included (APriMI) dose distribution which uses the known (periodic) motion to estimate the influence of anatomical motion on the dose distribution, and incorporates this into a new dose distribution; and (2) the Posteriori Motion-Included (PostMI) dose distribution, which adds an external trigger to relate the beam-on/off time to the motion of the setup. This allows for evaluation of non-periodic motion, or a drift motion during IDC workflows. In addition to these, the conventionally used static treatment planning system (TPS) dose distribution was used as a reference dose distribution. Several scenarios were evaluated: static (no phantom motion), two unmanaged, and two motion-managed scenarios using the Comprehensive Motion Management (CMM) software (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) for gated and IDC workflows, with cos 4 $\mathrm{cos^4}$
and linear drift motion patterns. All measurements were performed on a clinical Unity MR-linac equipped with CMM software, using film dosimeters for high spatial resolution dose distribution assessment. The geometric and dosimetric E2E accuracy of the workflow were evaluated for all scenarios.

RESULTS: First, the static benchmark scenario was evaluated and showed high agreement between the measured dose distribution and all reference dose distributions (i.e., static, APriMI, and PostMI). For the motion-included scenarios, excellent agreement was observed between the measured and calculated dose distributions in both unmanaged and managed cases when using either APriMI or PostMI. The largest geometric shift in the motion included scenarios was 0.3 mm, comparable to the static scenario. Dosimetric accuracy, evaluated using a global gamma index (2%/2 mm), exceeded 95.5%. As expected, larger deviations occurred when the static dose distribution was used as a reference, with geometric shifts up to 9.0 mm and gamma pass rates as low as 17.8%.

CONCLUSIONS: E2E testing of intra-fraction motion-managed workflows is possible using APriMI and PostMI dose distributions. Strong agreement was observed with these motion-included distributions, while larger deviations were seen with the static dose distribution. These findings highlight the need for reference dose files that account for actual motion in the measurement setup to assess E2E accuracy of motion-included workflows.},
}

*Workflow
Movement
Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
Radiotherapy Dosage
Humans
Radiometry

@article {pmid40841699,
year = {2025},
author = {SeyedForootan, F and Mahdavi, N and Koopaie, M},
title = {Mandibular metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {423},
pmid = {40841699},
issn = {1752-1947},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; *Mandibular Neoplasms/secondary/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology ; *Mandibular Fractures/etiology/diagnostic imaging ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Liver Neoplasms/secondary ; Fatal Outcome ; *Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metastasis of breast carcinoma to the oral cavity is an uncommon event, and mandibular involvement is even rarer. This case is notable owing to the delayed occurrence of mandibular metastasis 6 years after the primary diagnosis, highlighting its aggressive behavior, which resulted in a pathological mandibular fracture. Reporting such rare presentations can aid clinicians in identifying atypical metastatic patterns in breast cancer survivors.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 45 year-old Persian female with a history of invasive ductal breast carcinoma, diagnosed initially and treated 6 years earlier, presented with facial swelling and pain in the left lower jaw. She had been receiving bisphosphonate therapy for bone metastases. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed a radiolucent mandibular lesion with cortical bone perforation. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed metastasis from the primary breast cancer. Despite subsequent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the lesion progressed, resulting in a pathological mandibular fracture and further metastases to the lungs and liver.

CONCLUSION: This case underscores the importance of considering metastatic disease in diagnosing oral lesions in patients with a history of malignancy. Early recognition of atypical presentations such as mandibular metastasis may facilitate timely intervention, although prognosis remains poor in such advanced stages.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
*Mandibular Neoplasms/secondary/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology
*Mandibular Fractures/etiology/diagnostic imaging
Lung Neoplasms/secondary
Liver Neoplasms/secondary
Fatal Outcome
*Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology

@article {pmid40849199,
year = {2025},
author = {Tank, P and Vora, S and D'Souza, F and Kamble, SS and Rameshkumar, N},
title = {Advanced mass spectrometry techniques for monitoring biopharmaceutical host cell proteins.},
journal = {Trends in biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tibtech.2025.07.026},
pmid = {40849199},
issn = {1879-3096},
abstract = {Residual host cell proteins (HCPs) in biologic drug products can compromise safety or stability and must be carefully monitored. While traditional immunoassays remain essential, they often lack specificity or coverage. Mass spectrometry (MS) offers a complementary approach by enabling direct identification and quantification of individual HCPs throughout development. This review highlights recent advances in MS technologies and workflows relevant to HCP detection, including new data acquisition strategies, software tools, and artificial intelligence applications. We also discuss regulatory perspectives and considerations for implementing MS in controlled environments. By integrating analytical innovations with risk-based strategies, MS-based approaches are becoming key components of modern biopharmaceutical quality control.},
}

@article {pmid40840868,
year = {2025},
author = {Chilumukuru, NS and Priyadarshini, P and Ezunkpe, Y},
title = {Deep Learning for the Early Detection of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in Histopathological Images: Convolutional Neural Network Approach With Transfer Learning.},
journal = {JMIR formative research},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e62996},
pmid = {40840868},
issn = {2561-326X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Deep Learning ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis/pathology ; *Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; *Neural Networks, Computer ; Convolutional Neural Networks ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is considered the most common form of breast cancer, accounting for a significant percentage of mortality worldwide. Therefore, its early detection is vital to further improve patients' outcomes and survival rates. However, conventional diagnostic methods in the form of manual histopathological examinations are time-consuming, subjective, and prone to errors. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop automated solutions for accurate IDC detection in histopathology images to assist pathologists in clinical decision-making.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to develop and validate a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for early detection of IDC by analyzing histopathological images. The specific objectives are designing a deep learning-based technique for automated detection of IDC, assessing its performance compared to traditional diagnostic methods, and evaluating its utility in a clinical setup for early breast cancer diagnosis. These methods will be available to practitioners in underdeveloped countries via an open-source application.

METHODS: The dataset for the research included 277,524 publicly available histopathological images from Kaggle, comprising both IDC-positive and IDC-negative images. About 71.6% of images were IDC-positive (class 0), while 28.4% were IDC-negative (class 1). Since our data are unbalanced, we created a weighted loss function to overcome the class imbalance problem. Further development was based on a CNN using the approach of transfer learning with a pretrained architecture called Visual Geometry Group to uplift feature extraction so that performance may improve; hence, images were preprocessed and normalized to perform augmentation with robustness. The model was developed using a split of 80% for training and 20% for testing. Model performance was measured for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, recall, and F1-score in the confusion matrix and classification report.

RESULTS: From our CNN base model, we obtained an accuracy of 89% on the test set. Later, the base model was used with a weighted loss function to balance the class weights, giving a lower accuracy of 86% on the test set. Data augmentation was performed but did not improve the results. To deal with the class imbalance effectively, we performed transfer learning with a pretrained model, which gave an accuracy of 90% on the test set.

CONCLUSIONS: The CNN-based model thus showed accuracy and reliability for early detection of IDC from histopathological images. This technique will potentially act as an efficient and accurate assistant tool for pathologists, contributing to the early diagnosis of breast cancer and improving clinical outcomes. This paper provides an important contribution toward refining the performance of this model and widening its applications in a clinical setting by integrating it with other diagnostic techniques for better outcomes.},
}

Humans
*Deep Learning
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis/pathology
*Early Detection of Cancer/methods
*Neural Networks, Computer
Convolutional Neural Networks

@article {pmid40836963,
year = {2025},
author = {Osman, H and Hassan, M and Alfaki, M and Haj-Ali, G},
title = {Association between VEGF gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk.},
journal = {Biochemistry and biophysics reports},
volume = {43},
number = {},
pages = {102202},
pmid = {40836963},
issn = {2405-5808},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer (BC) poses a significant global health challenge. In Sudan, the absence of a national cancer registry has resulted in an underestimation of BC incidence. BC is notably the most common cancer among Sudanese women, especially affecting those under 50, with many cases diagnosed at advanced stages. Angiogenesis, driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), plays a critical role in the progression and recurrence of BC. This study examines the relationship between the VEGF (rs699947) gene polymorphism and BC among Sudanese women in Khartoum State in 2022. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted with 30 BC patients, and tissue samples were collected for molecular analysis. DNA was extracted and genotyped for the VEGF (rs699947) polymorphism using allele-specific PCR.

RESULTS: No statistically significant association was found between the VEGF-2578 C > A polymorphism and BC risk in our study population. Although the A allele was more prevalent in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, with no significant correlation with tumor stage or grade. The study revealed that BC in Sudanese women often presents at younger ages and is predominantly invasive ductal carcinoma, with stage II being the most common.

CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the necessity for continued research to explore additional genetic factors and improve our understanding of BC and associated risks. Advancing early detection and prevention methods is vital, particularly for underrepresented populations. However, the small sample size in this study may limit the statistical power to detect significant associations, and thus, findings should be interpreted with caution.},
}

@article {pmid40835571,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, W and Deng, S and Mao, G and Wang, N and Huang, Y and Zhang, C and Sa, G and Wu, S and An, Y},
title = {Differentiation of Suspicious Microcalcifications Using Deep Learning: DCIS or IDC.},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2025.07.062},
pmid = {40835571},
issn = {1878-4046},
abstract = {RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the value of a deep learning-based model in distinguishing between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) manifesting suspicious microcalcifications on mammography.

MATERIALS: A total of 294 breast cancer cases (106 DCIS and 188 IDC) from two centers were randomly allocated into training, internal validation and external validation sets in this retrospective study. Clinical variables differentiating DCIS from IDC were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses and used to build a clinical model. Deep learning features were extracted using Resnet101 and selected by minimum redundancy maximum correlation (mRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). A deep learning model was developed using deep learning features, and a combined model was constructed by combining these features with clinical variables. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of each model.

RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression identified lesion type and BI-RADS category as independent predictors for differentiating DCIS from IDC. The clinical model incorporating these factors achieved an AUC of 0.67, sensitivity of 0.53, specificity of 0.81, and accuracy of 0.63 in the external validation set. In comparison, the deep learning model showed an AUC of 0.97, sensitivity of 0.94 and specificity of 0.92, accuracy of 0.93. For the combined model, the AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 0.97, 0.96, 0.92 and 0.95, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the deep learning model and combined model was comparable (p>0.05), and both models outperformed the clinical model (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Deep learning provides an effective non-invasive approach to differentiate DCIS from IDC presenting as suspicious microcalcifications on mammography.},
}

@article {pmid40829155,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Huang, R and Huang, J and Feng, L and Zhang, W},
title = {Mandibular Osteosarcoma Mimicking Bisphosphonate-associated Osteonecrosis on 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan in a Patient With Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000006105},
pmid = {40829155},
issn = {1536-0229},
abstract = {We present the case of a 27-year-old woman with a history of left breast invasive ductal carcinoma who developed mandibular osteosarcoma, as documented by 2 MDP bone scans. She had undergone a radical mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and intravenous zoledronic acid therapy. An initial bone scan 1 year later showed increased MDP uptake in the right mandible, suggesting drug-related osteonecrosis, but concurrent CT scans were normal. A follow-up bone scan performed 16 months later demonstrated increased MDP uptake in both mandibles. Subsequent partial mandibulectomy confirmed conventional osteosarcoma.},
}

@article {pmid40826794,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, S and Zhang, S},
title = {A case report of Chinese medicine combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 breast cancer.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {33},
pages = {e43387},
pmid = {40826794},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use ; *Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: According to Chinese medicine, surgical trauma and chemotherapy aggravate patients' qi and blood deficiency and damage to the veins and channels. The combination of Chinese medicine and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can not only improve the above symptoms, but also is expected to alleviate the adverse effects of breast cancer chemotherapy, such as nausea and vomiting, thereby improving patient compliance to achieve tumor reduction or even tumor-free, and providing a new diagnostic and therapeutic idea for the clinical treatment of breast cancer. This paper reported a case of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) invasive breast cancer treated with traditional Chinese medicine combined with NACT. The lesion disappeared after 2 months of treatment and effectively reduced nausea and the symptoms of loss of appetite during NACT.

PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient was a female, 54-year-old, unintentionally found a double breast lump with tingling pain over 1 year. During this period, the patient did not pay attention to any treatment, the mass increased progressively, hard texture, unclear boundary. Denied family genetic history of breast cancer. The patient was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of both breasts (multiple metastases in right axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes), T4N3M0 (tumour staging basis), stage IIC, HER-2 positive by breast needle biopsy. In the course of NACT, the patient complained of severe nausea and vomiting, which seriously affected the quality of life and chemotherapy confidence.

DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of both breasts (multiple metastases in right axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes), T4N3M0, stage IIC, HER-2 positive.

INTERVENTIONS: The patient was treated with NACT, and traditional Chinese medicine was taken orally.

OUTCOMES: After 2 months of combination therapy, the breast mass shrank, the symptoms of nausea and vomiting were significantly relieved, and the appetite became better. The biopsy of the breast tissue cut at the completion of NACT showed no upper, lower, internal, outer, and basal lesions.

LESSONS: Chinese medicine internal effect is remarkable and safe, new adjuvant chemotherapy combined with Chinese medicine internal effectively improve nausea, vomiting symptoms, and effectively inhibit tumor hyperplasia, shrink tumor lesions, this case allows us consider whether in breast cancer new adjuvant chemotherapy combined Chinese medicine internal effect can be better, and provide new ideas for clinical treatment.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/therapy
Middle Aged
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology
*Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
*Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40824984,
year = {2025},
author = {An, T and Dong, X and Dong, B and Jiang, H and Liu, L and Ma, B},
title = {Event-Triggered Mixed Nonzero-Sum Game Optimal Control for Modular Robotic Manipulator Performing Coordinated Operation Tasks.},
journal = {IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/TNNLS.2025.3595563},
pmid = {40824984},
issn = {2162-2388},
abstract = {Taking advantage of high-performance intelligent robots to solve the coordination control problem such as assembly, handling, and installation, transportation is gradually becoming a kind of frontier subject with great scientific research value in the field of robotics. However, due to possible conflicts and inconsistencies between the manipulator and the operating object, it is challenging to design the optimal coordination control scheme between human and robot. This article presents an event-triggered mixed nonzero-sum game optimal control method, which considers both nonzero-sum game and cooperative game cases, for modular robotic manipulator (MRM) systems performing coordinated operation tasks. First, the joint torque feedback technique and joint task assignment method are employed to establish the dynamic model of MRM subsystem, and then, the global state-space description is deduced. For the unknown information containing interconnected dynamic coupling (IDC) terms and friction modeling errors, an adaptive neural network (NN) identifier is established by utilizing the measured input-output data of each joint module. The adaptive updating law guarantees that the NN weight error finally converged to a minimum neighborhood of zero. To ensure the optimality of system overall performance, the corresponding value functions reflecting the interconnectedness among each joint subsystem and manipulated object are constructed. Based on the idea of differential game, the coordination control problem of MRM system is transformed into a mixed nonzero-sum game problem among each joint module and the operated object. Next, by constructing a single critic NN with learning structure, the optimal value function is approximated to solve the event-based Hamiltonian equations, and then, the optimal control strategy of each player is obtained. Finally, the Lyapunov theory is used to analyze system stability, and the effectiveness of the presented method is reinforced by experimental results.},
}

@article {pmid40824585,
year = {2025},
author = {Sakata, S and Hisa, T and Ito, Y and Nishiyama, S and Kudo, A and Yamada, T and Osera, S and Fukushima, H and Hamura, R and Shiozawa, S},
title = {Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma originating from focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy demonstrated by transabdominal ultrasonography.},
journal = {Clinical journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40824585},
issn = {1865-7265},
abstract = {In this report, we present an 80-year-old man referred for evaluation of a pancreatic mass detected by transabdominal ultrasonography during health screening. Additional examinations revealed severe, long-segment focal atrophy from the pancreatic head to the body, appearing as a cord-like hypoechoic lesion on transabdominal and endoscopic ultrasonography. Although cytological examination of pancreatic juice was recommended, the patient opted for a follow-up. Three years later, a hypoechoic mass with upstream main pancreatic duct dilatation developed in the atrophic region. Cytological examination of pancreatic juice revealed adenocarcinoma, and pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed Stage IIB invasive ductal carcinoma and carcinoma in situ within the atrophic region. Retrospective review showed that focal atrophy was present on transabdominal ultrasonography 11 years before the invasive carcinoma mass appeared, progressing without main pancreatic duct dilatation until its development. During follow-up of focal atrophy, early diagnosis of carcinoma in situ or microinvasive carcinoma before main pancreatic duct dilatation is crucial. The present case suggests that severe, long-segment focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy can be detected by transabdominal ultrasonography and that carcinoma in situ within the focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy may progress to invasive carcinoma.},
}

@article {pmid40823661,
year = {2025},
author = {van Veen, FEE and Scheepe, JR and Blok, BFM},
title = {[Regional variation in urinary catheter use in the Netherlands: a population-based cohort from 2012 to 2021].},
journal = {Tijdschrift voor urologie},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {88-96},
pmid = {40823661},
issn = {2211-4718},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is often preferred over indwelling catheters (IDC) due to fewer complications and improved quality of life. This study investigated trends and regional differences in CIC and IDC use in the Netherlands between 2012 and 2021.

METHODS: Data were collected from the Drug and Medical Devices Information System and regional differences were assessed using negative binomial regression (NBR).

RESULTS: The number of CIC users increased by 27.3%, from 34,204 to 43,528 and the number of ID users by 44.6%, from 41,619 to 60,172. The most significant increases were among male CIC users > 65 years and IDC users > 85 years. NBR showed significant regional variations, with higher CIC use in the northern Netherlands and variable IDC use across the country.

CONCLUSION: There is a growing number of catheter users in the Netherlands and there are regional differences, which may be explained by variations in patient populations, healthcare provider preferences, and adherence to guidelines.},
}

@article {pmid40821286,
year = {2025},
author = {Silva, MJ and Patel, J and Huang, A and Lo Gullo, R and Pinker-Domenig, K},
title = {Breast Plasmacytoma as the Initial Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma in a 36-Year-Old Woman.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e87929},
pmid = {40821286},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) of the breast are extremely rare and may present as the initial manifestation of multiple myeloma (MM). We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with a rapidly growing right breast mass. Mammography and ultrasound revealed an oval, circumscribed, heterogeneous, vascular mass, measuring up to 4.2 cm, categorized as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4. Core needle biopsy revealed a plasmablastic/plasmacytic neoplasm with strong CD138 expression, lambda light chain restriction, high Ki-67 index, and negative Epstein-Barr virus early RNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH), consistent with plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Systemic staging confirmed the diagnosis of MM, and the patient underwent chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. This case illustrates how breast plasmacytoma (BP) can mimic primary breast malignancies on imaging, particularly triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma, lymphoma, or malignant phyllodes tumor. Although rare, it should be considered in younger patients with atypical breast masses. Diagnosis relies on biopsy with histopathological and immunophenotypic confirmation. Early recognition and biopsy are key, as BP may mimic aggressive breast malignancies and carry prognostic significance in MM.},
}

@article {pmid40821164,
year = {2025},
author = {Iwaisako, N and Oura, S},
title = {Bilateral Breast Reconstruction Using Extended Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flaps for Metachronous Bilateral Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e88024},
pmid = {40821164},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {A 49-year-old woman had undergone radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB), followed by radiation therapy for her right breast cancer at the age of 31. The patient had further undergone nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), SNB, and immediate breast reconstruction using an extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap (eLDMCF) for her left breast cancer at the age of 43. Follow-up mammography further revealed widespread linear calcifications in the right breast. Core needle biopsy pathologically showed atypical cells growing in trabecular and tubular fashions with connective tissue proliferation, leading to the diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. Due to the patient's strong preference for not using silicone prosthesis on right breast reconstruction, the patient underwent NSM and SNB, followed by immediate breast reconstruction using the right eLDMCF after obtaining full informed consent about the unknown bilateral eLDMCF harvesting effect on respiratory function. The patient recovered uneventfully and showed respiratory function as follows: preoperative 2.69 L to postoperative 2.46 L in vital capacity and preoperative 2.1 L to postoperative 1.83 L in forced expiratory volume in one second. The patient reported no respiratory symptoms and has been fully satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes of the reconstructed right breast. These results suggest that bilateral breast reconstruction using eLDMCFs can be a good therapeutic option for metachronous bilateral breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40814164,
year = {2025},
author = {Volfson, E and Moshkovich, M and Yakubov, R and Dalson, J and Kirshen, C},
title = {Dermatologic Mimickers of Paget's Disease of the Breast: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {12034754251364870},
doi = {10.1177/12034754251364870},
pmid = {40814164},
issn = {1615-7109},
abstract = {Mammary Paget disease (MPD) is a rare form of breast cancer that accounts for just 1% to 4% of all cases and is often associated with underlying malignancies such as ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma. Its clinical presentation frequently mimics benign dermatologic conditions or malignant melanoma, leading to diagnostic confusion and significant treatment delays. This review explores the diagnostic challenges and patterns of misdiagnosis in MPD, as well as the consequences of delayed recognition. A comprehensive search of Embase and MEDLINE identified 29 studies reporting on 32 cases of MPD, all of which were initially misdiagnosed-most commonly as melanoma (44.4%) and atopic dermatitis (25.0%). The average diagnostic delay was 2.3 years. Most lesions were unilateral (93.8%) and involved the nipple-areolar complex (87.5%). Imaging modalities demonstrated limited sensitivity, reinforcing the importance of early biopsy for timely diagnosis. Surgical intervention was the predominant treatment approach, employed in 75% of cases, and no recurrences were reported during a mean follow-up of 1.3 years. These findings underscore the urgent need for heightened clinical suspicion, earlier tissue sampling, and the development of standardized diagnostic pathways to reduce misdiagnosis and improve outcomes in patients with MPD.},
}

@article {pmid40812028,
year = {2025},
author = {Khesali, M and Yazdi, SAM},
title = {Spontaneous migration of a port catheter tip to the pulmonary vein: A case report of an uncommon complication.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {134},
number = {},
pages = {111777},
pmid = {40812028},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Port catheters are commonly used for chemotherapy in cancer patients. However, complications such as spontaneous catheter tip migration can occur, leading to symptoms like pain, infection, or venous thrombosis, with factors like Changes in thoracic pressure potentially contributing to this rare phenomenon.

CASE PRESENTATION: This report details the case of a 44-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast who developed a cough following six chemotherapy sessions.

CLINICAL SISCUSSION: Imaging revealed that the catheter tip had migrated from the superior vena cava (SVC) to the right pulmonary vein.

CONCLUSION: The catheter was successfully removed using minimally invasive intravascular techniques under angiography guidance.},
}

@article {pmid40810087,
year = {2025},
author = {Suzuki, D and Oshi, M and Nishikawa, A and Kawashima, K and Sasamoto, M and Shibata, Y and Adachi, S and Narui, K and Takase, H and Yamada, A and Fujii, S and Endo, I},
title = {Breast Cancer With Airway Edema Caused by Metastatic Fracture of the Cervical Vertebra.},
journal = {World journal of oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {422-425},
pmid = {40810087},
issn = {1920-454X},
abstract = {Bone is a common site of breast cancer metastasis, with the spine showing a particularly high affinity. An 83-year-old Japanese woman with Alzheimer's disease presented with a palpable mass in her left breast. A needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, with lymph node metastasis. Chest dynamic computed tomography showed no distant metastases. She was diagnosed with luminal-type, stage IIB (T2N1M0) breast cancer and underwent surgery. During induction of general anesthesia, intubation was difficult due to airway edema, necessitating bronchoscopy. The day after surgery, she reported neck pain, and radiography revealed a compression fracture of the third cervical vertebra. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a metastatic lesion in the third cervical vertebra. Postoperatively, she received endocrine therapy with letrozole, radiation therapy with zoledronic acid, and a cervical collar for cervical metastases. Seven months later, the osteolytic lesion calcified, and her pain improved. This case is unique because solitary cervical vertebral metastases from breast cancer, leading to compression fractures and airway edema, are rare. The case highlights the importance of considering cervical metastases in patients with breast cancer who develop airway difficulties or unexplained neck pain, particularly in the perioperative setting. Early recognition and intervention are crucial for preventing complications and optimizing patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40809963,
year = {2025},
author = {Bellesini, JA and Foo, KY and Li, J and Sanderson, RW and Zilkens, R and Gale, L and Hardie, M and Hamza, S and Rijhumal, A and Saunders, CM and Kennedy, BF},
title = {Three-dimensional dynamic optical coherence tomography for breast tumor margin assessment.},
journal = {Biomedical optics express},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {3061-3074},
pmid = {40809963},
issn = {2156-7085},
abstract = {Intraoperative margin assessment techniques are needed to reduce the re-excision rate in breast-conserving surgery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique capable of rapid three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of the internal microstructure of tissues. However, there is often low contrast between morphological features in breast tissue. Dynamic OCT (d-OCT), which provides additional contrast derived from the temporal variance of the OCT signal caused by intrinsic motion within the tissue, may provide a solution. However, few studies have applied it to breast tumor margin assessment. In this study, we acquired 3-D d-OCT images of ten human mastectomy specimens and three wide local excisions from breast-conserving surgery (BCS) procedures and, in each case, performed co-registered histology for validation. To optimize the trade-off between spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and acquisition time, we considered a range of acquisition settings. Several methods for visualizing d-OCT images were investigated, including Fourier weighted mean frequency, Fourier power spectral analysis, using red-green-blue (RGB) and hue-saturation-value (HSV) color spaces, and phase variance. We present d-OCT images of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), and show that the contrast between malignant and benign regions is consistently higher with d-OCT than using OCT intensity alone. The improved contrast may derive from increased proliferation rates and collagen deposition in cancerous tissue compared to benign tissue. We believe that our results demonstrate that d-OCT has the potential to improve intraoperative tumor margin assessment during breast-conserving surgery.},
}

@article {pmid40809661,
year = {2025},
author = {Vulasala, SR and Louviere, CD and Navarro, F and Adler, GA and Gopireddy, DR and Hatch, P and Abu Hana, R},
title = {Systemic Sarcoidosis Mimicking Metastatic Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e87860},
pmid = {40809661},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous inflammatory disorder of uncertain etiology that can closely mimic metastatic malignancies, particularly when it presents with multi-organ involvement. In patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cancer, to avoid misdiagnosis and subsequent inappropriate treatment, distinguishing between sarcoidosis and metastatic disease is essential. Histologic confirmation through tissue sampling and correlation with tumor markers are critical tools in this process. We report a case of a 36-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who presented with suspicious findings that indicated metastatic disease involving her lungs, liver, and bones. However, tumor marker levels and histopathology revealed systemic sarcoidosis, not metastatic spread.},
}

@article {pmid40807127,
year = {2025},
author = {McMahon, JE and Craig, A and Cameron, ID},
title = {Development of Cut Scores for Feigning Spectrum Behavior on the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale: A Simulation Study.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40807127},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Feigning spectrum behavior (FSB) is the exaggeration, fabrication, or false imputation of symptoms. It occurs in compensable injury with great cost to society by way of loss of productivity and excessive costs. The aim of this study is to identify feigning by developing cut scores on the long and short forms (SF) of the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (OMPSQ and OMPSQ-SF) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS and PSS-4). Methods: As part of pre-screening for a support program, 40 injured workers who had been certified unfit for work for more than 2 weeks were screened once with the OMPSQ and PSS by telephone by a mental health professional. A control sample comprised of 40 non-injured community members were screened by a mental health professional on four occasions under different aliases, twice responding genuinely and twice simulating an injury. Results: Differences between the workplace injured people and the community sample were compared using ANCOVA with age and gender as covariates, and then receiver operator characteristics (ROCs) were calculated. The OMPSQ and OMPSQ-SF discriminated (ρ < 0.001) between all conditions. All measures discriminated between the simulation condition and workplace injured people (ρ < 0.001). Intraclass correlation demonstrated the PSS, PSS-4, OMPSQ, and OMPSQ-SF were reliable (ρ < 0.001). Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.750 for OMPSQ and 0.835 for OMPSQ-SF for work-injured versus simulators. Conclusions: The measures discriminated between injured and non-injured people and non-injured people instructed to simulate injury. Non-injured simulators produced similar scores when they had multiple exposures to the test materials, showing the uniformity of feigning spectrum behavior on these measures. The OMPSQ-SF has adequate discriminant validity and sensitivity to feigning spectrum behavior, making it optimal for telephone screening in clinical practice.},
}

@article {pmid40805222,
year = {2025},
author = {Kwong, A and Ho, CYS and Au, CH and Ma, ESK},
title = {Germline BARD1 Mutation in High-Risk Chinese Breast and Ovarian Cancer Patients.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40805222},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {NA//Dr. Ellen Li Charitable Foundation/ ; NA//Kerry Kuok Foundation/ ; 03143406//Health and Medical Research Fund/ ; NA//Asian Fund for Cancer Research/ ; NA//Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of BARD1 mutations in breast and ovarian cancers varies across different ethnic groups. Evaluating the cancer risk and clinical significance of BARD1 mutations in the local Chinese patients with breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or both is clinically important for designing an appropriate surveillance scheme.

METHODS: This study used a 30 gene panel to identify BARD1 germline mutations in 2658 breast and ovarian cancer patients.

RESULTS: Among this cohort, the BARD1 mutation prevalence was 0.45% for breast cancer and 0.29% for ovarian cancer. In our 12 mutation carriers, we identified eight types of mutation variants, including three novel mutations. BARD1 mutation carriers were more likely to have a family history of liver, prostate, and cervical cancers (p-values = 0.004, 0.018, and 0.037, respectively) than patients who tested negative for mutations. Among the BARD1 mutants, the majority of the breast tumors were invasive ductal carcinoma (NOS type) (10/11, 90.9%) of high-grade disease (9/9, 100%) and half of them were triple-negative breast cancer (5/10, 50%).

CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of BARD1 mutations is low and the penetrance is incomplete, we recommend including BARD1 in the test panel for breast cancer patients. Our data suggest that more comprehensive surveillance management may be considered in mutation carriers due to the familial aggregation of a relatively wide spectrum of cancers.},
}

@article {pmid40805194,
year = {2025},
author = {Tsai, MY and Yu, ZH and Chou, CP},
title = {AI-Based Ultrasound Nomogram for Differentiating Invasive from Non-Invasive Breast Cancer Masses.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40805194},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {KSVGH112-108//Kaohsiung Veterans Hospital/ ; },
abstract = {Purpose: This study aimed to develop a predictive nomogram integrating AI-based BI-RADS lexicons and lesion-to-nipple distance (LND) ultrasound features to differentiate mass-type ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) visible on ultrasound. Methods: The final study cohort consisted of 170 women with 175 pathologically confirmed malignant breast lesions, including 26 cases of DCIS and 149 cases of IDC. LND and AI-based features from the S-Detect system (BI-RADS lexicons) were analyzed. Rare features were consolidated into broader categories to enhance model stability. Data were split into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets. Logistic regression identified key predictors for an LND nomogram. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, 1000 bootstrap resamples, and calibration curves to assess discrimination and calibration. Results: Multivariate logistic regression identified smaller lesion size, irregular shape, LND ≤ 3 cm, and non-hypoechoic echogenicity as independent predictors of DCIS. These variables were integrated into the LND nomogram, which demonstrated strong discriminative performance (AUC = 0.851 training; AUC = 0.842 validation). Calibration was excellent, with non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow tests (p = 0.127 training, p = 0.972 validation) and low mean absolute errors (MAE = 0.016 and 0.034, respectively), supporting the model's accuracy and reliability. Conclusions: The AI-based comprehensive nomogram demonstrates strong reliability in distinguishing mass-type DCIS from IDC, offering a practical tool to enhance non-invasive breast cancer diagnosis and inform preoperative planning.},
}

@article {pmid40804863,
year = {2025},
author = {Cantisani, C and Caruso, G and Taliano, A and Longo, C and Rizzuto, G and D'Andrea, V and Pietkiewicz, P and Bortone, G and Gargano, L and Suppa, M and Pellacani, G},
title = {Multimodal Imaging Detection of Difficult Mammary Paget Disease: Dermoscopy, Reflectance Confocal Microscopy, and Line-Field Confocal-Optical Coherence Tomography.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40804863},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Mammary Paget disease (MPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy associated with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Clinically, it appears as eczematous changes in the nipple and areola complex (NAC), which may include itching, redness, crusting, and ulceration; these symptoms can sometimes mimic benign dermatologic conditions such as nipple eczema, making early diagnosis challenging. A 56-year-old woman presented with persistent erythema and scaling of the left nipple, which did not respond to conventional dermatologic treatments: a high degree of suspicion prompted further investigation. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) revealed atypical, enlarged epidermal cells with irregular boundaries, while line-field confocal-optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) demonstrated thickening of the epidermis, hypo-reflective vacuous spaces and abnormally large round cells (Paget cells). These non-invasive imaging findings were consistent with an aggressive case of Paget disease despite the absence of clear mammographic evidence of underlying carcinoma: in fact, several biopsies were needed, and at the end, massive surgery was necessary. Non-invasive imaging techniques, such as dermoscopy, RCM, and LC-OCT, offer a valuable diagnostic tool in detecting Paget disease, especially in early stages and atypical forms.},
}

@article {pmid40804756,
year = {2025},
author = {Gato, J and Vázquez, I and Coimbra, S and Santos, I and Dore, I and Shenkman, G and Janowicz, K and Ciesielski, P and Tasker, F},
title = {To build a family: exploring preferred paths to parenthood among plurisexual individuals without children.},
journal = {Journal of reproductive and infant psychology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1080/02646838.2025.2547920},
pmid = {40804756},
issn = {1469-672X},
abstract = {AIMS/BACKGROUND: Limited research has examined family-building strategies among plurisexual individuals. Culture and gender are essential determinants of parenthood prospects among individuals with minoritized sexual identities. For plurisexual individuals, the partner's gender also seems to play a critical role. Our investigation aimed to explore cisgender plurisexual individuals' preferred paths to parenthood considering their country of origin, gender, and partner's gender.

DESIGN/METHOD: We examined associations between preferred pathways to parenthood and country, gender, and partner's gender among 405 cisgender plurisexual individuals aged between 18 and 45 years (M = 25.76; SD = 5.57), from Portugal (n = 140; 34.9%), Israel (n = 78; 19.3%), Poland (n = 85; 21%), and the UK (n = 102; 25.2%).

RESULTS: Overall, couple adoption and sexual intercourse were the most chosen pathways to parenthood, and self-insemination and co-parenting were the least chosen. Participants from Poland and the United Kingdom were less likely to choose artificial insemination, single adoption, and self-insemination than their Portuguese counterparts. Women were more likely than men to choose artificial insemination. Individuals in different-gender relationships were more likely to choose sexual intercourse as a means of having children than were those in same-gender relationships, and the opposite was true for artificial insemination.

CONCLUSION: Country, gender, and the partner's gender influence plurisexual individuals' choice of some parenthood pathways. Psychological and reproductive counselling should consider these aspects.},
}

@article {pmid40804747,
year = {2025},
author = {Awan, UA and Bashir, S and Hassan, U and Khan, SN and Awan, FM and Jabbar, A and Khan, S and Guo, X},
title = {HPV-driven breast carcinogenesis: associations with tumor severity, Ki67 expression and metastasis.},
journal = {Infectious agents and cancer},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {55},
pmid = {40804747},
issn = {1750-9378},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer (BC) poses a significant global health challenge, and its potential link to HPV warrants investigation. This study investigates the prevalence, genotype distribution, and clinicopathological associations of human papillomavirus (HPV) in breast cancer patients from Pakistan.

METHODS: This single-institutional cross-sectional study included 501 FFPE BC specimens from female patients and 110 benign controls, collected between January 2019 and December 2023. High-risk (HR) HPV DNA was detected via highly sensitive real-time PCR, with genotyping conducted using the INNO-LiPA Genotyping Extra II assay. Clinicopathological data, including tumor grade, size, lymph node metastasis, and receptor status, were analyzed for associations with HPV infection. Statistical analyses employed the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact or chi-square tests for categorical variables, as appropriate (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 10.5% of BC cases (n = 53/501) compared to other statuses, with HR genotypes predominating (91%). HPV-16 (26%) and HPV-18 (15%) were the most frequent genotypes. HPV-positive cases exhibited aggressive tumor characteristics, including 58.5% grade III tumors, a mean tumor size of 65.6 ± 46.4 mm, and 32.1% N3 disease, with an increasing prevalence of HR-HPV associated with tumor stage and significance (p < 0.05). Invasive ductal carcinoma (34%) and invasive lobular carcinoma (28.3%) were the most common histological subtypes. Metaplastic carcinomas, with the largest mean tumor size (86.4 ± 74.6 mm), showed the highest HPV-16 prevalence (28.6%) and were linked to HR-HPV infection. Peak HPV incidence occurred in patients aged 51-60 years (37.7%). Geographically, HPV-16 predominated in Lahore (50%) and Peshawar (60%).

CONCLUSION: This study links HR-HPV to aggressive BC, with HPV-16 and -18 predominating in urban areas. Additionally, it highlights the importance of targeted vaccination and research into subtype-specific oncogenesis.},
}

@article {pmid40797027,
year = {2025},
author = {Kliemank, E and von Rauchhaupt, E and Seebauer, L and Roshan, M and Ansmann, M and Flegka, V and Schimpfle, L and Tsilingiris, D and Bartl, H and Fleming, T and Kender, Z and Jende, JME and Mooshage, CM and Schwarz, D and Bendszus, M and Schirmacher, P and Herzig, S and Nawroth, PP and Kopf, S and Szendroedi, J and Sulaj, A},
title = {Cohort profile of the Heidelberg study on diabetes and complications HEIST-DiC.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {29580},
pmid = {40797027},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; *Diabetes Complications/epidemiology/physiopathology ; Adult ; Germany/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {The Heidelberg Study on Diabetes and Complications (HEIST-DiC) is a prospective longitudinal study focused on the development and progression of diabetes-associated complications. Participants with/without diabetes mellitus undergo annual phenotyping of diabetes-associated complications over 11 years. Assessments include: albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate for chronic kidney disease; clinical neuropathy scores, Purdue Pegboard test, electrophysiological examination, transcutaneous electrical nerve fiber stimulation, quantitative sensory testing and high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography for distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy; heart rate variability for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy; funduscopic examination of undilated pupils for retinopathy; the 6-minute walk test, spirometry, body plethysmography, and carbon monoxide-based diffusing capacity measurements for respiratory lung disease; non-invasive scores, transient elastography and hepatic ultrasound for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; ankle-brachial index and carotid intima-media thickness for peripheral atherosclerosis; hand grip strength for muscle function; bioelectrical impedance analysis for body composition; skin autofluorescence for measurement of advanced glycation end products. Beta-cell function and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity are evaluated using oral glucose tolerance test or euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. The biobank stores specimens of blood, urine, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and skin. Health-related quality of life, physical health, and somatic and depression symptoms are measured via standardized questionnaires. HEIST-DiC explores diabetes onset in high-risk individuals, disease progression and the development of complications, aiming to design personalized strategies to prevent, mitigate, or reverse diabetes-related complications.Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03022721, date of registration 20170112).},
}

Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Female
Prospective Studies
Aged
Longitudinal Studies
*Diabetes Complications/epidemiology/physiopathology
Adult
Germany/epidemiology

@article {pmid40796841,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, J and Liu, K and Cheng, Q and Wang, L},
title = {Modeling health literacy intentions: a structural equation analysis of community residents' willingness to acquire infectious disease specific health literacy.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {2734},
pmid = {40796841},
issn = {1471-2458},
support = {LGF21H260007 and LGF21H19000//Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Zhejiang Province/ ; 2020PY064, 2020KY238, and 2021PY065//Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province/ ; 20220919Y059//Hangzhou City Science and Technology Bureau Project/ ; 0020190783//Health Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou Municipality/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Health Literacy/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Male ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; China ; *Intention ; Latent Class Analysis ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; *Communicable Diseases ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Aged ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: How the willingness to acquire infectious-disease-specific health literacy (IDSHL) can be promoted is unknown among community residents. Community residents' willingness to acquire IDSHL (CRWAI) and its impact on health status is a multifaceted phenomenon that encompasses many factors, including socio-demographic characteristics, cognition, attitude, health behavior, perceived-efficacy, and knowledge needs related to infectious diseases. Early identification of associated-factors for CRWAI is essential. The objective of this research is to construct analytical models and examine the influencing factors relevant to CRWAI.

METHODS: In this multi-center cross-sectional study, we included 3,921 subjects from Hangzhou City using the method of stratified cluster sampling. We applied a structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the factors that affect the CRWAI.

RESULTS: The findings from the SEM indicated that socio-demographic factors (SDF) (β =0.017, p =0.021), infectious disease cognition (IDC) (β =0.105, p <0.001), infectious disease perceived-efficacy (IDPE) (β =0.109, p <0.001), and infectious disease knowledge needs (IDKN) (β =0.097, p <0.001) was positively correlated with CRWAI. There was no significant association between the attitude and health behavior regarding infectious disease and CRWAI (p>0.05). The results indicated that IDC and IDKN served as mediators in the connection between SDF and CRWAI. Moreover, it was found that IDPE played a mediating part in the relationship of IDC and CRWAI. IDKN functioned as a mediator in the link between IDPE and CRWAI.

CONCLUSION: Our findings have indicated potential mechanistic pathways and intervention targets for CRWAI. We have introduced the SEM to analyze the CRWAI. Given that SDF, IDC, IDPE, and IDKN demonstrate direct and interactive associations with CRWAI, strategic interventions targeting these determinants are critical for enhancing population health outcomes in community settings.},
}

Humans
*Health Literacy/statistics & numerical data
Female
Male
Cross-Sectional Studies
Adult
Middle Aged
China
*Intention
Latent Class Analysis
*Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
*Communicable Diseases
Surveys and Questionnaires
Aged
Young Adult

@article {pmid40796089,
year = {2025},
author = {Tassot, J and Ahlstrom, A and Capalbo, A and Cheong, Y and Coticchio, G and Delbaere, I and Fadler, C and Gameiro, S and Goddijn, M and Kirkman-Brown, J and Laganà, AS and Moura-Ramos, M and Nordhoff, V and Orlić, A and Pinborg, A and Rives, N and Sousa-Leite, M and Nielsen, HS and Thorn, P and Vermeulen, N and Viville, S and Sermon, K},
title = {ESHRE's key research priorities in infertility: maximizing impact on science, people and society†.},
journal = {Human reproduction (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/humrep/deaf150},
pmid = {40796089},
issn = {1460-2350},
support = {//ESHRE/ ; },
abstract = {STUDY QUESTION: Which research topics in the area of infertility should be prioritized in the allocation of research resources?

SUMMARY ANSWER: Twelve research priorities were formulated, spanning the following areas: preventing infertility and preserving fertility, gynaecological diseases, male infertility, optimizing fertility treatments, optimizing psychosocial support and deepening knowledge on preimplantation development and early pregnancy.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Many research gaps related to infertility and its management remain understudied and underfunded, making it important to set priorities to ensure appropriate allocation of research resources.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) appointed a multidisciplinary working group, including a patient representative, to develop a list of research priorities related to infertility, which are relevant to researchers and institutions that fund research.

A list of research topics was collated based on the recommendations for future research formulated in ESHRE's evidence-based guidelines and suggestions submitted by ESHRE's Special Interest Groups as call topics for the ESHRE research grants. A scoring tool was developed to assess the expected impact of research on each topic on individuals, society and scientific advancement. Topics were scored independently by the working group members and the 12 topics with the highest scores were selected for presentation in this paper.

Using our newly developed scoring tool, we have identified 12 research priorities that broadly fall under six areas. These are preventing infertility and preserving fertility, gynaecological diseases, male infertility, optimizing fertility treatments (two priorities per area selected), optimizing psychosocial support (one priority selected) and deepening knowledge on preimplantation development and early pregnancy (three priorities selected).

The impact scoring tool would benefit from further testing and refinement in future projects. The scoring of some impact indicators is heavily based on the judgment and expertise of the scorers, which was accounted for by ensuring representation of knowledge and experience from all relevant disciplines and subject areas as well as the patient perspective within the working group.

This paper may serve to stimulate further thought and discussion within the infertility research community on the potential impact of proposed and ongoing research. It will furthermore inform and encourage policy makers involved in research funding allocation and contribute to a more efficient and purposeful allocation of research resources towards infertility research.

The technical support for this project was provided by ESHRE. A.C. reports employment at Juno Genetics. Y.C. reports a grant from Guerbet and honoraria from Ferring, Merck, Abbot, Nordic Pharma and Organon. G.C. reports consulting fees from Gedeon Richter and honoraria from Cooper Surgical. S.G. reports the development of www.myjourney.pt licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. J.K.-B. reports grants from the NIHR Evaluation and Studies Coordinating Centre, the Gates Foundation, the Economic and Social Research Council, BAYER Consumer Health and MRC Confidence in Concept; honoraria from Ferring and Cooper Surgical; travel support from Ferring, Cooper Surgical, Congressworks LLP, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Andrologie e. V., BAYER, University of Munster and ESHRE; a patent for microchannel sperm cell preparation; and a leadership or fiduciary role in the Association of Clinical and Reproductive Scientists. A.P. reports grants (to her institution) and consulting fees from Gedeon Richter, Ferring, Merck A/S and Cryos; honoraria from Gedeon Richter, Ferring, Merck A/S and Organon; and travel support (to her institution) from Gedeon Richter. H.S.N. reports grants from Freya Biosciences ApS, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, BioInnovation Institute, Ministry of Education, Novo Nordic Foundation, Augustinus Fonden, Oda og Hans Svenningsens Fond, Demant Fonden, Ole Kirks Fond and the Independent Research Fund Denmark; speaker's fees from Ferring, Merck A/S, Astra Zeneca, Cook Medical, Gedeon Richter, Ibsa Nordic, Novo Nordisk A/S; co-development of an app with the Maternity Foundation; and co-founding a project with Lulu Health. The remaining authors (J.T., A.A., I.D., C.F., M.G., A.S.L., M.M.-R., V.N., A.O., N.R., M.S.-L., P.T., N.V., S.V. and K.S.) have nothing to declare.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.},
}

@article {pmid40791519,
year = {2025},
author = {Hoffmann, RJ and Bensen, A and Dane, M and Arterberry, J and Smith, R and Korkola, J and Schedin, P},
title = {S-Nitrosylated COX-2 is a TME-regulated breast cancer biomarker of mesenchymal phenotypes.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2025.07.15.664474},
pmid = {40791519},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {COX-2 is an inducible enzyme key to the production of inflammatory prostaglandins. COX-2 also has tumor intrinsic oncogenic activity in mouse models of breast cancer. Previously, we reported increased expression of Cys-526-nitrosylated COX-2 (SNO-COX-2), but not non-nitrosylated COX-2, with progression of early-stage human breast cancer to invasive ductal carcinoma. Here, we used a 3D culture model of early-stage human breast cancer (MCF10DCIS cells) to investigate the relationship between SNO-COX-2 expression and mesenchymal/invasive tumor cell morphology. We find that SNO-COX-2, but not non-nitrosylated COX-2, closely associated with mesenchymal phenotypes induced by fibrillar type I collagen. Interestingly, invasive phenotypes did not associate with induction of the classic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers SNAIL , CDH2 (N-cadherin), and VIM (vimentin). By contrast TGFβ-1 strongly induced EMT-related transcripts, but not SNO-COX-2 protein expression or mesenchymal phenotypes. These observations suggest that in MCF10DCIS cells, SNO-COX-2 associates with mesenchymal phenotypes more strongly than non-nitrosylated COX-2 protein, or expression of classic EMT transcripts. In a mouse model with breast tumor heterogeneity, mesenchymal tumor regions also have increased SNO-COX-2 expression. Testing 300 distinct tumor microenvironment conditions, we find SNO-COX-2 protein expression is driven by inflammation, wound resolution, and cancer-associated factors, especially TNC, SPP1, decorin, fibrillar type I and III collagens, INF-γ, and IL-4/13, with evidence for specific extracellular matrix-ligand interactions driving both high and low SNO-COX-2 expression. In sum, in MCF10DCIS cells, expression of SNO-COX-2 is highly microenvironment-dependent and strongly associated with invasive/mesenchymal growth, indicating potential for SNO-COX-2 as a biomarker to assess risk of early-stage breast cancer progression.},
}

@article {pmid40789889,
year = {2025},
author = {Pintican, R and Duma, MM and Spada, AM and Szep, M and Eniu, D and Chiorean, A},
title = {COVID-19 pandemic resulted in more metastatic breast cancer cases at diagnosis.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {29296},
pmid = {40789889},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pandemics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; },
abstract = {The study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer diagnosis, tumor characteristics, and staging in an Eastern-European country. This retrospective study included 11,635 breast cancer patients and clients presenting between March 2019 and March 2022. Patients were categorized into pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic groups. Data included age, sex, pathology, tumor characteristics (histologic type, grade, ER/PR/HER2 status), and TNM staging. Statistical analysis compared these parameters across the three-time intervals.During the pandemic, breast cancer diagnosis decreased significantly compared to the pre-pandemic period (9.1% vs. 13.17%, p < 0.001) but increased post-pandemic (11%, p = 0.013). Invasive ductal carcinoma of non-special type (IDC-NST) was predominant in all three-time periods. Aggressive tumors (Nottingham grade 3, ER negative) increased during the pandemic and post-pandemic times. Molecular subtypes showed variations across time intervals, with triple-negative tumors rising significantly. Larger tumors, increased lymph node involvement (9-19%), and distant metastasis characterized the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Compared to pre-pandemic patients, post-pandemic ones were 7 times more likely to be metastatic at diagnosis (p < 0.05). The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decrease in breast cancer diagnosis, particularly during the pandemic period. Tumors appeared more aggressive, with higher lymph node and distant metastatic involvement. The long-term prognosis and healthcare cost implications remain uncertain. These findings emphasize the need for adapted cancer screening programs and healthcare system readiness during pandemics.COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a lower detection rate among patients diagnosed with breast cancer and increased TNM stage.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/virology
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Adult
SARS-CoV-2
Neoplasm Staging
Pandemics
Neoplasm Metastasis

@article {pmid40787784,
year = {2025},
author = {Köker, SC and Tsokanos, FF and El-Merahbi, R and Jha, AK and Cicatelli, K and Weber, P and Mhamane, A and Kaltenecker, D and Morigny, P and Loft, A and Klepac, K and Maida, A and Molocea, CE and Hass, D and Vogl, ES and Alfaro, AJ and Sun, W and Zitzelsberger, H and Unger, K and Szendrödi, J and Li, Y and Diaz, MB and Wolfrum, C and Bartelt, A and Herzig, S and Georgiadi, A},
title = {The TBLR1/TBL1 Co-Factor Complex Acts as a Transcriptional Checkpoint in the Brown Adipose Tissue Response to Prolonged Cold Exposure.},
journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology},
volume = {39},
number = {15},
pages = {e70886},
pmid = {40787784},
issn = {1530-6860},
support = {450149205-TRR333/1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; //Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK)/ ; J4224-B34//Austrian Science Fund (FWF)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism ; Mice ; *Cold Temperature ; Thermogenesis/physiology ; *Transducin/metabolism/genetics ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism/genetics ; Energy Metabolism ; Male ; *Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Lipolysis ; Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism ; Mice, Knockout ; *Transcription, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a key thermogenic organ, whose activation in response to cold environmental temperatures and β-adrenergic stimulation requires the proper function of the NCOR/HDAC3 corepressor complex in brown adipocytes. The NCOR/HDAC3 complex is large and multi-component, including the transducin beta-like 1 (TBL1) and TBL1-related 1 (TBLR1) proteins. Loss of TBL1 in the hepatocytes and TBLR1 in the white adipocytes has been shown to impair fasting- and β-adrenergic-induced lipolysis. However, their roles in BAT thermogenesis remain unknown. Here, we report that deletion of TBLR1 alone in brown adipocytes does not impair the adaptive thermogenic response to prolonged cold exposure. In contrast, simultaneous deletion of TBL1 and TBLR1 dampens β-adrenergic-induced lipolysis and mitochondrial respiration in cultured mouse brown adipocytes. Transgenic mice with UCP1-Cre mediated double deletion of TBLR1 and TBL1 exhibit reduced whole-body energy expenditure during prolonged cold exposure, lower core body temperature, increased appearance of unilocular adipocytes in BAT, and suppressed expression of metabolic and myogenic PRDM16 target genes. Also, we present some evidence that TBLR1 and TBL1 interact with HDAC3 and PRDM16 in brown adipocytes, potentially suggesting a direct involvement in the PRDM16-controlled transcriptional program. These findings identify the TBLR1/TBL1 complex as a critical regulator of BAT adaptation to prolonged cold and systemic energy homeostasis, shedding light on the context-dependent functions of corepressor complexes.},
}

Animals
*Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
Mice
*Cold Temperature
Thermogenesis/physiology
*Transducin/metabolism/genetics
Histone Deacetylases/metabolism/genetics
Energy Metabolism
Male
*Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Mice, Transgenic
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Lipolysis
Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
Mice, Knockout
*Transcription, Genetic

@article {pmid40778244,
year = {2025},
author = {Ho, KC and Huffman, KN and O'Connor, MJ and Sparks, P and Bozigar, C and Sterbling, H and Hansen, N},
title = {Triple-Positive PALB-2 Breast Cancer in a 27-Year-Old Male-to-Female Patient.},
journal = {Eplasty},
volume = {25},
number = {},
pages = {e27},
pmid = {40778244},
issn = {1937-5719},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is a paucity of literature describing breast cancer prevention and screening guidelines in transgender patients. As more patients undergo gender-affirming care, breast cancer screening guidelines must be solidified for transgender patients. While there are no published incidence rates of breast cancer in the transgender population, case reports continue to underscore the prevalence of breast cancer in transgender females.

METHODS: A 27-year-old transgender woman with a family history of breast cancer and personal gender-affirming hormone therapy for 9 years was diagnosed with stage 3 invasive ductal carcinoma. The patient presented with a palpable breast lump and had never undergone breast imaging.

CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer risk in transgender patients with long-term hormone therapy use is not well understood. Individuals, both male and female, with a family history of breast cancer; increased cumulative lifetime estrogen and progesterone use; or mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PTEN, or PALB2 genes have an increased risk for breast cancer. Hormonal treatment is often used alongside gender-affirming surgeries for development of female secondary sex characteristics in male-to-female patients. Although hormone therapy can have gender-affirming benefits, the increased lifetime exposure to estrogen and progesterone can increase the risk of breast cancer. Mammography guidelines for transgender patients vary by age, familial and genetic risk, as well as duration of hormone therapy. Three current organizations have published mammographic screening guidelines for transgender patients: the University of California San Francisco, the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, and the American College of Radiology. Future research should focus on substantiating these guidelines with greater data to produce evidence-based recommendations to guide the care of transgender patients.},
}

@article {pmid40773373,
year = {2025},
author = {Tucunduva, TCM and Zanetta, VC and Chala, LF and Torres, US and Viana, MP and Lee, MV and Silva, MM and Shimizu, C and Aguillar, VLN and de Mello, GGN},
title = {Advancements in Detection and Management of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ.},
journal = {Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc},
volume = {45},
number = {9},
pages = {e240174},
doi = {10.1148/rg.240174},
pmid = {40773373},
issn = {1527-1323},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Mammography/methods ; },
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a noninvasive breast cancer characterized by neoplastic epithelial cells confined to the ductal system by the basement membrane without invasion of adjacent tissue. Its progression to invasive carcinoma is not understood fully, and currently, DCIS is considered a nonobligatory precursor of invasive breast cancer. However, DCIS is challenging because it includes a heterogeneous group of lesions with varied histologic, immunohistochemical, genetic, radiologic, and clinical characteristics. This heterogeneity is reflected in its natural progression, with some lesions remaining indolent, whereas others may develop into invasive ductal carcinoma. As DCIS detection rates rise due to mammographic screening, concerns about overdiagnosis and overtreatment have emerged, which has lead to a greater focus on understanding the biologic characteristics of DCIS. Radiologists need to understand the various imaging techniques used to evaluate DCIS. These include mammography, contrast-enhanced mammography, tomosynthesis, US, and MRI. By familiarizing themselves with each modality's various strengths and limitations, radiologists can effectively assess DCIS and develop the appropriate treatment plan. Although current guidelines advise treating all cases of DCIS with surgery, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy, ongoing trials are investigating the safety of active surveillance for women with low-risk DCIS. There is interest in improving the risk stratification of DCIS lesions, and new advanced tools, such as radiomics, artificial intelligence, and other emerging techniques, are showing positive initial results and have the potential to become valuable solutions in the future. However, further studies and development still are needed before they can be widely adopted in clinical practice. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license See the invited commentary by Chikarmane in this issue.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis
Female
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Mammography/methods

@article {pmid40762843,
year = {2025},
author = {Metser, U and Ali Mirshahvalad, S and Dayes, IS and Parpia, S and Levine, MN},
title = {[18]F-FDG PET/CT of Oligometastatic Disease in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: PETABC Trial Post Hoc Analysis.},
journal = {Radiology},
volume = {316},
number = {2},
pages = {e243788},
doi = {10.1148/radiol.243788},
pmid = {40762843},
issn = {1527-1315},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; *Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Middle Aged ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Prospective Studies ; Aged ; Adult ; *Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnostic imaging ; Neoplasm Staging ; },
abstract = {Background The optimal treatment of patients with oligometastatic breast cancer and the methods for selecting individuals who may benefit from metastasis-directed therapies are controversial. Purpose To determine the prevalence of oligometastatic disease (OMD; defined as five or fewer distant metastases) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer initially staged at fluorine 18 ([18]F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT or at CT and bone scintigraphy (CTBS), and to compare patterns of local-regional and distant metastatic disease. Materials and Methods This is a post hoc analysis of data from a prospective, multicenter randomized trial including participants with stage IIb (T3N0) or III invasive ductal carcinoma in the breast between December 2016 and April 2022. Participants were randomized for staging at [18]F-FDG PET/CT or at conventional chest, abdomen, and pelvis CTBS. The prevalence of OMD, sites of distant metastases, and extent of local-regional disease were compared using the χ[2] test or Fisher exact test. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between imaging and disease extent, with P < .05 indicating a statistically significant difference. Results The study included 369 participants (mean age, 53 years ± 13 [SD]). OMD was more common on [18]F-FDG PET/CT scans (19 of 180; 11%; 95% CI: 6.9, 15.9) than on CTBS scans (eight of 185; 4%; 95% CI: 2.2, 8.3; P = .03). Polymetastatic disease (more than five distant metastases) was also more common on [18]F-FDG PET/CT scans (24 of 180; 13%) than on CTBS scans (13 of 185; 7%; P = .04). Patients with OMD that was depicted on [18]F-FDG PET/CT and CTBS scans had axillary lymph node metastases, but [18]F-FDG PET/CT helped to detect extra-axillary regional lymphadenopathy, extra-regional lymph node metastases, and liver metastases more frequently than did CTBS (six of 19 [32%] vs one of eight [13%], three of 19 [16%] vs 0 of eight [0%], and six of 19 [32%] vs one of eight [13%], respectively; P = .63, .53, and .63, respectively). Conclusion At patient presentation, [18]F-FDG PET/CT helped to detect OMD in more than one in 10 participants with locally advanced breast cancer, which was more than 2.5 times more often than CTBS, and [18]F-FDG PET/CT helped to detect more extensive local-regional metastatic disease. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02751710 © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Ulaner in this issue.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
*Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
*Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Middle Aged
Radiopharmaceuticals
Prospective Studies
Aged
Adult
*Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnostic imaging
Neoplasm Staging

@article {pmid40761960,
year = {2025},
author = {Rios Herrera, O and De La Torre, M and Melnikau, S and Bogati, N and Debebe, K and Melhem, A and Johnson, RW and Pagé, J and Zamaro, A and Raeburn, T},
title = {Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection of the Breast: A Unique Presentation of Underlying Invasive Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e87310},
pmid = {40761960},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are life-threatening infections that most commonly affect the extremities, perineum, and abdominal wall. These infections begin with the presence of toxin-producing bacteria that invade through a defect in the skin barrier, such as a wound, laceration, trauma, or recent surgical incision. These bacteria cause subsequent tissue destruction and necrosis that can involve the superficial skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and/or muscle. NSTIs can progress quickly, leading to severe sepsis, shock, and even death. NSTIs associated with the breast are an exceedingly rare occurrence, requiring early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention. In this article, we report the case of a 46-year-old woman with an NSTI of the left breast, which required serial debridement initially, and subsequently a modified radical mastectomy given a pathological diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma.},
}

@article {pmid40761476,
year = {2025},
author = {Takahashi, A and Fujiwara, S and Takahashi, Y and Isoda, M and Yasukawa, M and Goda, K and Yamanaka, T and Yamashita, T and Yuguchi, S},
title = {A Case of Drug-Induced Pancytopenia due to Tamoxifen.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {40761476},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Tamoxifen (TAM) is a well-established treatment for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer with a known side-effect profile that includes hot flashes, genital bleeding, and diarrhea (0.1%-5%). Other notable side effects include liver damage, abnormal vaginal discharge, depression, dizziness, and headaches of unknown frequency. However, blood cell count reduction has not yet been reported as a side effect in Japan.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old female patient was diagnosed with right breast cancer (cT1N0M0). The patient underwent partial right breast resection and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Owing to the positive surgical resection margin, a mastectomy was performed. Pathological analysis of the surgical specimen confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma (estrogen receptor [ER]: 95%, progesterone receptor [PgR]: 85%, HER2: 2+ [fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH negative]), with macrometastasis in one sentinel lymph node. Postoperative treatment included chemotherapy (dose-dense adriamycin and cyclophosphamide [AC] to dose-dense paclitaxel [PTX]), irradiation, and TAM. While initial blood test results before starting TAM showed mild anemia (Hb: 8.9 g/dL Grade 2), a follow-up blood test 5 months after initiating TAM revealed a significant decrease in blood cell counts (white blood cell [WBC]: 2600/μL Grade 2, neutrophil [neu]: 0.55 × 10³/μL Grade 3, Hb: 7.7 g/dL Grade 2, platelet [PLT]: 13.3 × 10⁴/μL). Considering the onset of symptoms following TAM administration, drug-induced pancytopenia was suspected. TAM and its concomitant medication pregabalin were discontinued. However, the blood cell counts continued to decline, necessitating further investigation. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was suspected, leading to multiple bone marrow biopsies. However, no definitive hematological disorder was diagnosed. The patient received transfusions and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injections based on the blood cell count. Approximately 4 months after the onset of neutropenia, gradual recovery was observed and spontaneous remission occurred. Given the rarity of spontaneous recovery from MDS, TAM is considered a potential causative agent of the observed decline in blood cell counts.

CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of suspected drug-induced cytopenia associated with tamoxifen administration.},
}

@article {pmid40757683,
year = {2024},
author = {Cushman, CJ and Abaleka, F and Ibrahim, AF and Yalamanchili, K and Thirumala, S and Quick, D},
title = {Pembrolizumab Induced Recall Dermatitis Occurring 5 Years After Radiotherapy.},
journal = {Reports (MDPI)},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {40757683},
issn = {2571-841X},
abstract = {Background and Clinical Significance: Radiation recall dermatitis (RRD) following immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has been infrequently reported. Case Presentation: We present a 47-year-old female patient who developed RRD of the breast following three doses of pembrolizumab administered as an adjuvant treatment post-nephrectomy for Stage III renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Notably, the affected breast had previously undergone external beam radiotherapy 247 weeks earlier for Stage IA invasive ductal carcinoma. She had received no prior chemotherapy at any point. RRD manifested as breast induration, erythema, and peau d'orange, and contraction of breast volume was noted following three cycles of pembrolizumab on week 17 (400 mg dose every 6 weeks). The dermatitis responded rapidly to systemic corticosteroids and no treatment interruption was needed. Conclusions: To date, this is the longest reported interval from completion of radiotherapy to RRD. A literature search underscores the variability in presentation and management of ICI-associated RRD.},
}

@article {pmid40755326,
year = {2025},
author = {Arshad, U and Rizvi, SF and Sohail, SK and Qamar, S and Sarfraz, R and Akhlaq, M},
title = {Expression of C-terminal tensin-like in breast carcinoma and its correlation with known prognostic factors.},
journal = {Polish journal of pathology : official journal of the Polish Society of Pathologists},
volume = {76},
number = {1},
pages = {10-15},
doi = {10.5114/pjp.2025.149282},
pmid = {40755326},
issn = {1233-9687},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Middle Aged ; *Tensins/analysis/biosynthesis ; Prognosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism ; Aged ; Adult ; Immunohistochemistry ; },
abstract = {C-terminal tensin-like (Cten) is a marker for poorly differentiated breast cancer. We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of Cten in invasive breast carcinoma in our population and correlated it with known histopathologic prognostic variables. Fifty-seven specimens of modified radical mastectomy diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma were collected. The histopathologic findings were noted independent of the result of Cten. According to the results of Cten immunohistochemistry, the tumors were categorized as negative/mild, moderate, or high expression and were statistically corelated with histologic findings. In our study, 47 (82.5%) cases showed negative/mild expression, 2 (3.5%) cases showed moderate staining, and 8 (14%) cases showed strong expression of Cten. Positive Cten was present in pT4 stage tumors. Similarly, grade III tumor showed moderate expression in 2 (3.5%) cases and strong staining in 8 (14%) cases. Posi-tive expression of Cten was observed in cases with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and high axillary lymph nodal involvement (N3). All these poor prognostic factors were significantly associated with moderate to high expression of Cten. We found that tumor size and extent, histologic grade, LVI, and lymph node status were significantly associated with Cten expression. C-terminal tensin-like can be used as marker of poor prognosis in breast carcinoma.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism
*Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
Middle Aged
*Tensins/analysis/biosynthesis
Prognosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism
Aged
Adult
Immunohistochemistry

@article {pmid40754350,
year = {2025},
author = {Represa, M and Lima, O and Ávila, M and Rubiñán, P and Torres, C and Sansón-León, S and Lugo, J and Álvarez-Fernández, M and Rubianes, M and Legarra, JJ and Pérez-Rodríguez, MT},
title = {Impact of infectious diseases consultation and oral sequential therapy in the management of post-surgical mediastinitis.},
journal = {Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)},
volume = {43},
number = {7},
pages = {383-388},
doi = {10.1016/j.eimce.2025.06.005},
pmid = {40754350},
issn = {2529-993X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mediastinitis/drug therapy/microbiology/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *Referral and Consultation ; *Postoperative Complications/drug therapy/microbiology ; Administration, Oral ; *Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Post-cardiac surgery mediastinitis (PSM) is a serious, complex, and multifactorial complication of surgical procedures. Infectious diseases consultation (IDC) has demonstrated improvement in other complex infectious diseases. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of IDC in the management and outcome of patients with PSM.

METHODS: Observational retrospective study, of adult patients with PSM between January 2010 and June 2021. After January 2016, IDC was performed in all the patients with PSM. The primary endpoint was clinical success, a composite variable of clinical cure, and absence of adverse events, or recurrence. Also, in-hospital stay, and clinical cure was evaluated in patients that received oral sequential therapy (OST).

RESULTS: A total of 84 patients with PSM were included, 48 pre-IDC and 36 in IDC period. No differences in clinical success were observed between the two periods (pre-IDC 60% vs, IDC 77%, p=0.104). During the IDC period the rate of adequate targeted antibiotic treatment was higher (pre-IDC 71% vs. IDC 94%, p=0.016). Gram-negative bacilli infections (pre-IDC 42% vs. IDC 78%, p=0.002) and polymicrobial infections (pre-IDC 37% vs. IDC 63%, p=0.004) increased in the IDC period. Multivariate analysis did not show any variable associated with clinical success. OST was similar in both periods, and a shorter in-hospital stay was observed in the patients who underwent OST (no-OST, 70 days vs. OST, 44 days, p=0.003).

CONCLUSIONS: IDC was related with a higher adequate targeted antimicrobial therapy. We observed that OST offers a promising strategy in the management of this infection.},
}

Humans
*Mediastinitis/drug therapy/microbiology/etiology
Retrospective Studies
Male
Female
Middle Aged
Aged
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
*Referral and Consultation
*Postoperative Complications/drug therapy/microbiology
Administration, Oral
*Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid40750235,
year = {2025},
author = {Makkawi, M and Alasiri, L and Alasmari, S},
title = {Assessing the Prevalence of Breast Tumors and Associated Abnormalities in Hematological and Coagulation Parameters in the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {Annals of clinical and laboratory science},
volume = {55},
number = {3},
pages = {373-379},
pmid = {40750235},
issn = {1550-8080},
mesh = {Humans ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/blood/pathology ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Prevalence ; *Blood Coagulation ; Aged ; Fibroadenoma/epidemiology/blood ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the prevalence and classifications of breast tumors in the Asir region over the last five years, together with abnormal hematological parameters and coagulation profiles prior to cancer therapy.

METHODS: This retrospective analysis, covering the period from 2018 to 2022, was conducted at Asir Central Hospital in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Data on demographics and tumor types were obtained from the medical records of 764 patients. Hematological parameters and coagulation profiles of 94 malignant breast cancer patients and control samples were compared using GraphPad Prism.

RESULTS: The majority of cases were benign breast disease (61%, 473), followed by malignant tumors (38%, 292). The most common benign subtypes were fibroadenoma (53.2%, 252 patients), fibrocystic breast alterations (12.6%, 60 patients), and fibroadenosis (9.9%, 47 patients). Among malignant tumors, invasive ductal carcinoma (82.1%, 240 patients), ductal carcinoma in situ (7.1%, 21 patients), and invasive lobular carcinoma (3.7%, 11 patients) predominated. Malignancy patients had lower HB, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, and HCT, and higher RDW. In addition, INR was significantly lower than the control group.

CONCLUSIONS: Over the five-year period ending in 2022, the incidence rate of malignant breast cancer increased in the Asir region. Patients with such cancers show significant abnormalities in hematological parameters and coagulation profiles prior to treatment.},
}

Humans
Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/blood/pathology
Female
Middle Aged
Adult
Retrospective Studies
Prevalence
*Blood Coagulation
Aged
Fibroadenoma/epidemiology/blood
Young Adult

@article {pmid40748488,
year = {2025},
author = {Christiaans, CHH and van Veen, FEE and Scheepe, JR and Blok, BFM},
title = {Patient satisfaction, quality of life, and catheter-related complications in long-term urinary catheter users: a nationwide survey.},
journal = {World journal of urology},
volume = {43},
number = {1},
pages = {470},
pmid = {40748488},
issn = {1433-8726},
support = {10310012110004//ZonMw,The Netherlands/ ; 10310012110004//ZonMw,The Netherlands/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Quality of Life ; Female ; *Patient Satisfaction ; Aged ; *Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects/methods ; Middle Aged ; *Urinary Catheters/adverse effects ; Time Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Catheter-Related Infections/epidemiology ; Netherlands/epidemiology ; Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare patient satisfaction, quality of life, catheter-related complications between three types of catheterization in long-term urinary catheter users. To improve clinical decision-making for long-term urinary catheter users.

METHODS: A nationwide survey study was conducted from August to September 2024. Patients who apply clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), have an urethral indwelling catheter (IDC), or a suprapubic catheter (SPC), were identified through the MediReva database, a Dutch medical supplier. The survey was developed by structured consensus meeting and consisted of the ICIq-LTCqol and the EQ-5D-5 L.

RESULTS: 3320 patients participated in the study (response rate 33%). 2634 performed CIC, 383 had an IDC, and 303 had an SPC. 75.9% was male and the mean age was 72 years. CIC patients reported the best patient satisfaction and QoL scores. When corrected for multiple confounders IDC and SPC were independently associated with lower patient satisfaction and QoL scores. There was no difference in UTI incidence in the last 6 months between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS: This study shows differences in patient satisfaction, QoL and, catheter-related complications between three types of catheterization. Healthcare providers should be aware of the impact of bladder drainage methods on the patient satisfaction and QoL, especially for those using an IDC or SPC. This information can be of added value in the decision-making process of long-term bladder management.},
}

Humans
Male
*Quality of Life
Female
*Patient Satisfaction
Aged
*Urinary Catheterization/adverse effects/methods
Middle Aged
*Urinary Catheters/adverse effects
Time Factors
Surveys and Questionnaires
Aged, 80 and over
*Catheter-Related Infections/epidemiology
Netherlands/epidemiology
Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects

@article {pmid40746925,
year = {2025},
author = {Ayatollahi, H and Jafarian, AH and Pakize Moghadam, Z and Ayatollahi, Y and Ghayyem Hassankhani, G and Mehrad-Majd, H},
title = {Clinicopathological Characteristics of Breast Cancer Patients with Equivocal Immunohistochemistry: A Prevalence-Based Statistical Analysis.},
journal = {Iranian journal of pathology},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {273-279},
pmid = {40746925},
issn = {1735-5303},
abstract = {BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Although the concordance between immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is generally high for HER2 scores of 3+ and 1+, discrepancies remain in cases scored as IHC 2+. This study aimed to evaluate HER2/neu gene amplification using FISH in breast cancer patients with IHC 2+ and to examine associated clinicopathological characteristics.

METHODS: This retrospective study included tissue samples from 369 women diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and an equivocal HER2 IHC score (2+). These samples were further assessed for HER2 gene amplification using FISH. Demographic and clinicopathological data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 51.6 ± 2.6 years. FISH analysis revealed no HER2 amplification in 72.6% of IHC 2+ cases, while 27.4% demonstrated amplification. HER2 amplification was significantly associated with younger age, higher histological grade, lymph node involvement, larger tumor size, and reduced survival rate. No significant association was observed between HER2 amplification and margin involvement.

CONCLUSION: HER2 amplification is a significant predictor of aggressive tumor behavior and may necessitate targeted therapy. In cases with IHC 2+, both FISH results and relevant clinicopathological features should be considered prior to initiating trastuzumab treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40744681,
year = {2025},
author = {Moradi, G and Ahmadinejad, N and Zarei, D and Sadighi, N},
title = {Sonographic Correlations With Histological Grade and Biomarker Profiles in Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)},
volume = {8},
number = {8},
pages = {e70288},
pmid = {40744681},
issn = {2573-8348},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Neoplasm Grading ; Adult ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism/analysis ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism/analysis ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism/analysis ; *Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods ; Aged ; Prognosis ; Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), the most common breast cancer subtype, exhibits significant heterogeneity, limiting traditional prognostic markers. Molecular profiles improve precision, but imaging features may also reflect tumor biology.

AIMS: This study evaluates the predictive potential and clinical applicability of ultrasound features for determining tumor grade and molecular profiles in IDC.

METHODS AND RESULTS: A blinded radiologist retrospectively analyzed 109 IDC cases using the American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) classification, evaluating ultrasound features such as lesion shape, margins, orientation, echo pattern, calcifications, vascularity, and lymph node involvement. Tumors were graded histologically (Scarff-Bloom-Richardson system) as low (grades 1 and 2) or high (grade 3). Immunohistochemistry determined estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 status. ER and PR positivity were defined as > 10% nuclear staining, HER2 graded on a 0-3+ scale, and Ki-67 positivity as ≥ 10% staining. Statistical analyses, including logistic and linear regression, examined correlations between ultrasound features and histological/molecular profiles. Among 109 women (mean age 48.4 ± 12.5 years), the mean tumor length and width were 21.83 ± 11.22 mm and 15.3 ± 6.97 mm, respectively. Histopathological grading revealed that grade 2 tumors were predominant (51%), while grade 1 and grade 3 tumors were observed in 25% and 24% of cases, respectively. ER and PR positivity were observed in 76.4% and 67.6% of cases, respectively. High-grade tumors were significantly associated with ER and PR negativity (p-value < 0.05). Ultrasound features associated with high-grade tumors included larger tumor length (p-value = 0.029). ER positive tumors had smaller axillary lymph nodes (p-value < 0.05). Likewise, PR positive tumors exhibited smaller suspicious axillary lymph nodes compared to PR negative cases (p-value = 0.004).

CONCLUSION: Sonographic features may correlate with histological grades and hormone receptor statuses in breast IDC, suggesting that ultrasound could aid in predictive assessment.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/metabolism
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging/metabolism
*Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis/metabolism
Retrospective Studies
Neoplasm Grading
Adult
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism/analysis
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism/analysis
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism/analysis
*Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods
Aged
Prognosis
Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism

@article {pmid40743788,
year = {2025},
author = {Broitman, S and Golan, O and Menes, TS and Freitas, VAR and Kessner, R and Neeman, R and Mauda-Havakuk, M and Nechyporenko, Y and Stav, D and Lazar, S and Mercer, D and Amitai, Y},
title = {Outcomes following pre-operative MRI-guided bracketing in breast cancer patients.},
journal = {Clinical imaging},
volume = {125},
number = {},
pages = {110567},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2025.110567},
pmid = {40743788},
issn = {1873-4499},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; *Mastectomy, Segmental/methods ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Margins of Excision ; Adult ; Aged ; Preoperative Care/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes of patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging-guided bracketing (MRI-B) prior to breast-conserving therapy (BCT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included consecutive patients treated with BCT at our institution for invasive or in situ breast cancer between January 2016 and December 2022 and requiring MRI-B before surgery. Bracketing was performed by either inserting MRI-compatible wires or deploying clips under MRI guidance, with subsequent localization using mammography. Clinical, radiological, and pathological data were collected and correlated with positive surgical margins and imaging overestimation.

RESULTS: Among the 57 patients included, 10 (18 %) had positive surgical margins. Younger age (Mean: 56 vs 49 years) and the presence of ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS) or infiltrative lobular carcinoma (ILC) component (100 % vs 82 %) were most strongly associated with positive margins, although statistical significance was not reached (P = 0.11 and P = 0.149, respectively). MRI overestimated disease extent in 13 of 49 eligible patients (27 %). Overestimation was most strongly linked to isolated infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC; 38 % vs. 3 %, P = 0.008) and bracketed enhancing foci (54 % vs. 22 %, P = 0.084). During long-term follow-up, 2 patients (4 %) had local recurrence, and 3 patients (5 %) experienced distant recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS: MRI-B before BCT is associated with a clinically manageable rate of positive margins and local recurrence. However, optimizing patient selection is essential to minimize unnecessary bracketing and improve surgical outcomes.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
*Mastectomy, Segmental/methods
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Margins of Excision
Adult
Aged
Preoperative Care/methods
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid40742538,
year = {2025},
author = {Macedo, M and Agustí, E and Ganau, S and Úbeda, B and Sitges, C and Ribera-Perianes, J and Oses, G and Pascual, T and Mension, E and Vidal-Sicart, S and Bargalló, X},
title = {Preoperative localization of metastatic axillary lymph nodes using radioactive iodine seed before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A one-step marking method for targeted axillary dissection.},
journal = {European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40742538},
issn = {1619-7089},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and effectiveness of using the radioactive iodine seed (RIS) as one-step target axillary dissection (TAD) procedure in breast cancer patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a non-randomized, single-center, prospective study. Consecutive patients between May-2022 and November-2023 with breast cancer and axillary involvement (cN1) planned to receive NAC and TAD surgery were marked with RIS in the pathologically proven ALN. Radiation levels emitted by the patient were measured. On the day of surgery, the marked lymph node (MLN) and sentinel lymph node (SLN) were removed. We studied the identification rate (IR) and the concordance rate (CR) between the MLN and SLN.

RESULTS: Forty patients participated in the study (39 females, 1 male; mean age 53). Most of the patients included were diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma (92.5%). Half of the patients were hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative, and the other half were triple negative or HER2 positive. There was one suspicious ALN in the majority of breast cancer cases (72.5%). Average time from RIS placement to surgery was 157 days. IR of RIS were 100% and IR of SLN was 95%. CR between SLN and MLN was 52.5%. No complications in RIS placement and carriage were reported. No breast or axillary relapse were reported in a 16-34 month follow-up period. The radiation levels were low at distances greater than 0.5 m.

CONCLUSIONS: The use of RIS for TAD as a one-step procedure for axillary staging of cN1 breast cancer patients in a pre-NAC context is a reliable and effective radiologic marker placement procedure.},
}

@article {pmid40736024,
year = {2025},
author = {Fang, W and Kozai, Y and Acevedo, DS and Brodine, R and Gorrepati, HS and Arviso, N and Cote, P and Thompson, A and Gerdes, Z and Espinoza, A and Bergeron, N and Brownfield, A and Cheng, N},
title = {Cooperative CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET signaling enhances breast cancer growth and invasion associated with metabolic reprogramming.},
journal = {Cancer biology & therapy},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {2535824},
pmid = {40736024},
issn = {1555-8576},
support = {P30 CA168524/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA172764/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Chemokine CCL2/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; *Receptors, CCR2/metabolism/genetics ; Mice ; *Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism/genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Metabolic Reprogramming ; },
abstract = {With over 60,000 cases diagnosed in women annually, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common form of pre-invasive breast cancer in the US. Despite standardized therapy, under-treatment and over-treatment are prevailing concerns. By understanding the mechanisms regulating DCIS progression, we may develop tailored strategies to improve treatment. CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET signaling pathways are upregulated in breast cancers. Our studies indicate that these pathways cooperate to promote DCIS progression and metabolism. DCIS and IDC tissues were immunostained for CCL2 and HGF expression. DCIS.com and HCC1937 cells were analyzed for cell proliferation through PCNA immunostaining, apoptosis through cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining, and invasion through Matrigel transwell assays. AKT, AMPK, p42/44MAPK and PKC activities were analyzed in vitro through immunoblot and pharmacologic inhibition. CCL2 and HGF-mediated metabolism were analyzed by LC-MS. Glucose uptake and lactate production were measured biochemically. CCR2 and MET were targeted in breast xenografts through CCR2 knockout and treatment with Merestinib. Significant associations between CCL2 and HGF were detected in DCIS and IDC tissues. CCL2 and HGF co-treatment enhanced breast cancer cell growth, survival, and invasiveness over individual CCL2 or HGF treatment. These CCL2/HGF-mediated phenotypes were associated with metabolic changes including glycolysis and increased AKT, AMPK, p42/44MAPK and PKC signaling. CCL2/HGF-mediated glycolysis was reduced with AKT, AMPK and p42/44MAPK inhibition. CCR2 knockout combined with Merestinib treatment inhibited growth, survival, and stromal reactivity of breast xenografts more than CCR2 or MET targeting alone. CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET cooperate to enhance breast cancer progression and metabolic reprogramming.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Chemokine CCL2/metabolism/genetics
Animals
*Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism/genetics
Signal Transduction
*Receptors, CCR2/metabolism/genetics
Mice
*Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism/genetics
Cell Proliferation
Cell Line, Tumor
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Metabolic Reprogramming

@article {pmid40734184,
year = {2025},
author = {Bai, Y and Guo, X and Liu, K and Zheng, B and Wei, Y and Wang, Y and Zhang, W and Luo, Q and Yin, J and Wu, L and Li, Y and Zhang, Y and Chen, A and Wang, X and Xu, X and Liu, C and Jin, X},
title = {SpaSEG: unsupervised deep learning for multi-task analysis of spatially resolved transcriptomics.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {230},
pmid = {40734184},
issn = {1474-760X},
support = {2022YFC3400400//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Deep Learning ; *Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; *Transcriptome ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; *Unsupervised Machine Learning ; Female ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics ; },
abstract = {Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) for characterizing spatial cellular heterogeneities in tissue environments requires systematic analytical approaches to elucidate gene expression variations within their physiological context. Here, we introduce SpaSEG, an unsupervised deep learning model utilizing convolutional neural networks for multiple SRT analysis tasks. Extensive evaluations across diverse SRT datasets generated by various platforms demonstrate SpaSEG's superior robustness and efficiency compared to existing methods. In the application analysis of invasive ductal carcinoma, SpaSEG successfully unravels intratumoral heterogeneity and delivers insights into immunoregulatory mechanisms. These results highlight SpaSEG's substantial potential for exploring tissue architectures and pathological biology.},
}

Humans
*Deep Learning
*Gene Expression Profiling/methods
*Transcriptome
Breast Neoplasms/genetics
*Unsupervised Machine Learning
Female
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics

@article {pmid40730795,
year = {2025},
author = {Murugesan, GK and McCrumb, D and Soni, R and Kumar, J and Nuernberg, L and Pei, L and Wagner, U and Granger, S and Fedorov, AY and Moore, S and Van Oss, J},
title = {AI generated annotations for Breast, Brain, Liver, Lungs, and Prostate cancer collections in the National Cancer Institute Imaging Data Commons.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1317},
pmid = {40730795},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {75N91019D00024/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; National Cancer Institute (U.S.) ; Male ; United States ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Female ; *Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; },
abstract = {The Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (AIMI) initiative aims to enhance the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Image Data Commons (IDC) by releasing fully reproducible nnU-Net models, along with AI-assisted segmentation for cancer radiology images. In this extension of our earlier work, we created high-quality, AI-annotated imaging datasets for 11 IDC collections, spanning computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lungs, breast, brain, kidneys, prostate, and liver. Each nnU-Net model was trained on open-source datasets, and a portion of the AI-generated annotations was reviewed and corrected by board-certified radiologists. Both the AI and radiologist annotations were encoded in compliance with the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard, ensuring seamless integration into the IDC collections. By making these models, images, and annotations publicly accessible, we aim to facilitate further research and development in cancer imaging.},
}

Humans
National Cancer Institute (U.S.)
Male
United States
*Artificial Intelligence
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Female
*Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging

@article {pmid40730731,
year = {2025},
author = {Pratt, CG and McClelland, PH and Long, SA and Moore, AN and Lewis, JD and Heelan, AA},
title = {The Metaplastic Conundrum: A National Cancer Database Analysis of Metaplastic versus Triple-Negative Ductal Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40730731},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Historically, treatment approaches for metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) have mirrored that of triple-negative ductal breast cancer (TN-IDC), yet MpBC has persistently worse survival. This study describes rates and response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAC) for MpBC and evaluates survival between triple-negative MpBC (TN-MpBC), biomarker-positive MpBC (nTN-MpBC), and TN-IDC by treatment approach.

METHODS: The National Cancer Database was queried for females diagnosed with clinically non-metastatic MpBC or TN-IDC from 2011 to 2021. One-to-one propensity score matching between TN-MpBC and TN-IDC patients was performed.

RESULTS: Of 5575 MpBC patients, surgery and chemotherapy rates were high. For patients who received systemic therapy and surgery, an adjuvant approach was favored; however, NAC for TN-MpBC increased from 18.3 to 31.5% by 2021. Higher rates of NAC non-response and lower overall survival were found among MpBC cohorts compared with TN-IDC. For MpBC, an adjuvant approach had significantly better survival than other systemic therapy sequences. When evaluated by pathologic response to NAC, a partial or non-response had worse survival compared with complete response or not undergoing NAC. On Cox proportional hazard regression of matched patients, NAC had an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.56 (1.36-4.79) compared with not undergoing NAC.

CONCLUSION: MpBC is predominantly treated with surgery and systemic therapy, with increasing rates of NAC for TN-MpBC. However, patients with MpBC have inferior survival to TN-IDC, and NAC for MpBC is associated with worse survival compared with other systemic therapy sequences, unless a complete pathologic response is achieved. These findings reinforce the need for systemic treatment sequence optimization for MpBC.},
}

@article {pmid40727978,
year = {2025},
author = {Kahlon, N and Baddam, S and Bansal, N and Qureshi, Z and Maradana, J},
title = {Dynamic Changes in Breast Cancer Receptor Status: A Case Report Highlighting the Importance of Repeat Biopsies in Guiding Treatment Strategies.},
journal = {Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {23247096251362974},
pmid = {40727978},
issn = {2324-7096},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Biopsy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer receptor status plays a critical role in treatment selection, yet receptor evolution throughout disease progression remains a significant challenge. This case describes a 58-year-old female initially diagnosed with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (95%), progesterone receptor (PR)-negative (<5%), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 0, fluorescence in situ hybridization-negative) invasive ductal carcinoma. Over 6 years, her tumor transitioned to triple-negative breast cancer at recurrence, then reacquired ER expression (80%) in metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes. HER2 status evolved from IHC 0 → HER2-low (IHC 1+ → IHC 2+), directly influencing therapy selection. These receptor changes led to major systemic treatment modifications, including endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates. Given the extended response duration and improved tolerability of targeted therapies, accurate receptor assessment is essential to ensure that patients receive the most effective treatment. Literature reports receptor discordance rates of ER loss (19%), PR loss (34%), and HER2 fluctuations (15%), reinforcing the necessity of biopsy-driven treatment adaptation. While serial biopsies remain invasive, they provide essential molecular insights that optimize systemic therapy choices, allowing patients to remain on the most appropriate, well-tolerated regimen for as long as possible. This case highlights the clinical significance of receptor evolution and advocates for biopsy-guided precision oncology in metastatic breast cancer management. Ensuring accurate receptor reassessment through periodic molecular profiling can maximize therapeutic efficacy, improving response rates, treatment tolerability, and overall patient outcomes.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
*Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Biopsy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism
Immunohistochemistry
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology

@article {pmid40727474,
year = {2025},
author = {Gu, W and Yuan, J and Dong, M and Sheng, J and Jiang, K},
title = {Case Report: Advanced breast invasive ductal carcinoma with erysipeloid cutaneous metastasis misdiagnosed as erysipelas.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1535421},
pmid = {40727474},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has become the second most common cancer after lung cancer. Patients may present with skin manifestations at the time of initial diagnosis, while erysipel-like carcinoma typically appears later, following initial treatment. This delay increases the risk of misdiagnosis.

CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 51-year-old female. A modified radical mastectomy for left breast carcinoma (pT2N3M0, stage IIIC; tumor size 4.6 cm × 4.5 cm × 1.6 cm, 14/21 axillary lymph nodes involved), HER2-positive type, was performed on April 21, 2021. In April 2024 (three years post-surgery), the patient developed unexplained redness and swelling in the skin of the left upper limb, accompanied by increased skin temperature. This was misdiagnosed as erysipelas of the upper limb. After one week of antibiotic treatment, the redness and swelling slightly subsided. In May 2024, the patient experienced dizziness and headaches without any obvious cause. Enhanced cranial MRI revealed multiple brain metastases, with possible lymph node metastasis in the left cervical region. The patient underwent whole-brain radiotherapy. During radiotherapy, erysipelas-like rashes developed on the left chest wall, upper limb, and right breast skin. In June 2024, a skin biopsy of the chest wall confirmed cutaneous metastasis. Following systemic anti-tumor treatment, both the skin and brain metastasis improved.

CONCLUSION: Pathological biopsy should be emphasized when breast cancer patients develop localized rashes. Understanding the unique inflammatory manifestations of cutaneous metastasis is crucial for breast oncologists to enable early diagnosis, timely treatment, and improved overall survival.},
}

@article {pmid40727336,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Y and Cheng, L},
title = {Correlation between ultrasonic features and expression of immunohistochemical factors in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {6044-6052},
pmid = {40727336},
issn = {2223-4292},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women globally, with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) accounting for approximately 80% of all breast cancer cases. IDC exhibits significant heterogeneity in terms of pathological manifestations and prognosis, which are largely influenced by the expression of immunohistochemical (IHC) factors. The study aimed to investigate the correlation between ultrasonic features and the expression of IHC factors in IDC of the breast.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data of patients with IDC confirmed by surgery and pathology from January 2019 to December 2022, with ultrasonography performed pre-operation and standard sonograms retained. Specifically, the correlation between sonographic signs and the expression of IHC factors such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), E-cadherin, and Ki-67 was investigated using the univariate and binary logistic regression analyses. E-cadherin was included due to its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis in IDC. Key sonographic features (e.g., Adler grade, morphology, posterior echo) and IHC factors were analyzed.

RESULTS: The study identified significant associations between specific ultrasonic features and IHC factor expression. For ER expression, irregular shape [odds ratio (OR) =1.694, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.032-2.309, P=0.011], reduced posterior echo (OR =1.904, 95% CI: 1.211-2.901, P=0.008), and hyperechoic halo (OR =3.705, 95% CI: 1.277-7.903, P=0.003) were associated with ER-positive expression, while Adler grade II-III was associated with ER-negative expression (OR =0.390, 95% CI: 0.127-0.745, P<0.001). For PR expression, hyperechoic halo (OR =4.905, 95% CI: 2.664-11.231, P=0.01) was associated with PR-positive expression, while smooth margin (OR =0.513, 95% CI: 0.132-0.784, P<0.001) and maximum diameter ≥2 cm (OR =0.622, 95% CI: 0.267-0.874, P=0.005) were associated with PR-negative expression. Calcification (OR =1.806, 95% CI: 1.237-4.584, P=0.002) and maximum diameter ≥2 cm (OR =1.409, 95% CI: 1.194-2.385, P=0.01) were associated with HER-2-positive expression. Lymphatic metastasis (OR =1.450, 95% CI: 1.057-2.328, P=0.03) and Adler grade II-III (OR =0.704, 95% CI: 0.406-1.242, P=0.02) were associated with E-cadherin-positive expression. Reduced posterior echo was associated with Ki-67-negative expression (OR =0.307, 95% CI: 0.106-0.684, P=0.02). The areas under the ROC curves for each IHC factor were as follows: ER, 0.832; PR, 0.756; HER-2, 0.675; E-cadherin, 0.684; Ki-67, 0.703.

CONCLUSIONS: Since IHC factors are correlated with ultrasonic features to some extent, their biological behaviors can be preliminarily identified through analyses of their sonographic features, thereby providing a reference for clinically individualized treatment regimens and prognosis evaluation of patients.},
}

@article {pmid40726055,
year = {2025},
author = {Blaas, L and Matta, L},
title = {SAF-guarding the cuff: Could shoulder fat cells combat fibrosis?.},
journal = {The Journal of physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1113/JP289055},
pmid = {40726055},
issn = {1469-7793},
}

@article {pmid40722501,
year = {2025},
author = {Güler, M and Sart, G and Algorabi, Ö and Adıguzel Tuylu, AN and Türkan, YS},
title = {Breast Cancer Classification with Various Optimized Deep Learning Methods.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {14},
pages = {},
pmid = {40722501},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of women with breast cancer. Breast cancer prediction is defined as a medical data analysis and image processing problem. Experts may need artificial intelligence technologies to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors in order to make decisions. When the studies in the literature are examined, it can be seen that applications of deep learning algorithms in the field of medicine have achieved very successful results. Methods: In this study, 11 different deep learning algorithms (Vanilla, ResNet50, ResNet152, VGG16, DenseNet152, MobileNetv2, EfficientB1, NasNet, DenseNet201, ensemble, and Tuned Model) were used. Images of pathological specimens from breast biopsies consisting of two classes, benign and malignant, were used for classification analysis. To limit the computational time and speed up the analysis process, 10,000 images, 6172 IDC-negative and 3828 IDC-positive, were selected. Of the images, 80% were used for training, 10% were used for validation, and 10% were used for testing the trained model. Results: The results demonstrate that DenseNet201 achieved the highest classification accuracy of 89.4%, with a precision of 88.2%, a recall of 84.1%, an F1 score of 86.1%, and an AUC score of 95.8%. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of deep learning algorithms in breast cancer classification. Future research should focus on integrating multi-modal imaging data, refining ensemble learning methodologies, and expanding dataset diversity to further improve the classification accuracy and real-world clinical applicability.},
}

@article {pmid40716754,
year = {2025},
author = {Nguyen, NJ and Liu, K and Lajkosz, K and Bernardino, R and Yin, LB and Hollemans, E and Kroon, LJ and Fleshner, N and van Leenders, GJLH and Iczkowski, KA and van der Kwast, TH and Downes, MR},
title = {Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-Adapted Prostate Cancer Risk Tool Incorporating Cribriform and Intraductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc},
volume = {38},
number = {12},
pages = {100852},
doi = {10.1016/j.modpat.2025.100852},
pmid = {40716754},
issn = {1530-0285},
abstract = {Current prostate cancer risk stratification tools are not adapted for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsies and do not include the presence of cribriform carcinoma/intraductal carcinoma (CC/IDC), an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcomes. We developed an MRI-adapted prostate cancer risk tool (MAPCaRT), which incorporates CC/IDC presence to the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) tool. We compared the prognostic power of MAPCaRT with that of CAPRA in MRI-targeted biopsies (n = 266, 2015-2023) and systematic-only biopsies (n = 1291, 2010-2018) that had matched radical prostatectomy. MAPCaRT employs the aggregate core count method for MRI-targeted lesions to calculate percent positive biopsy cores and uses the radiological stage when assessing MRI-targeted biopsies. Point attribution for CC/IDC presence and Gleason score was determined using a Cox proportional hazards model that included the CAPRA score, Gleason score, and CC/IDC status. Based on calculated MAPCaRT and CAPRA scores, patients were classified into the low-risk (0-2), intermediate-risk (3-5), or high-risk (6+) group. Model performance was assessed via the Kaplan-Meier curves, Harrell C-indices, and decision curve analysis for biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCR-FS) and event-free survival (EFS) (metastasis/cancer-specific death). CC/IDC was present in 84 of 266 (32%) MRI-targeted biopsies and 293 of 1291 systematic-only biopsies (23%). The median follow-up time was 3.4 years (IQR, 2.3-5.5 years) for the MRI-targeted biopsy cohort and 5.9 years (IQR, 3.4-8.1 years) for the systematic biopsy cohort. In the MRI-targeted biopsy cohort, MAPCaRT showed substantial improvement of the C-index compared with CAPRA (0.635 vs 0.574, P = .045) and greater net clinical benefit for 4-year BCR-FS. In the systematic biopsy cohort, MAPCaRT demonstrated improved C-index for BCR-FS (0.696 vs 0.655, P < .001) and greater net clinical benefit for 5-year BCR-FS and EFS. Other model performance metrics were marginally better with MAPCaRT. In summary, we developed MAPCaRT (prostatecancercalculator.lmp.utoronto.ca), a modified version of CAPRA incorporating CC/IDC presence, which demonstrated improved BCR-FS and EFS predictions. This may result in better clinical guidance for disease management decisions.},
}

@article {pmid40719068,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, Y and Chae, SH and Lee, D and Lee, BS and Lim, J and Jung, HI and Kim, KH and Kwak, B},
title = {Alternative Models for Anticancer Drug Discovery From Natural Products Using Binary Tumor-Microenvironment-on-a-Chip.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e07944},
doi = {10.1002/advs.202507944},
pmid = {40719068},
issn = {2198-3844},
support = {RS-2025-02223058//Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE)/ ; RS-2019-NR040057//Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/ ; RS-2021-NR059240//Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning/ ; },
abstract = {The efficacy evaluation of anticancer drugs derived from natural products has traditionally relied on animal models, highlighting the need for more efficient preclinical assessment platforms. In this study, a binary tumor-microenvironment-on-a-chip (T-MOC) system is introduced to assess the therapeutic potential of illudin S and roridin E, two cytotoxic compounds derived from Omphalotus japonicus and Podostroma cornu-damae, respectively. The binary T-MOC model integrates independently developed vascular and invasive ductal carcinoma compartments, effectively mimicking in vivo drug delivery barriers and physiological dynamics. Using this model, illudin S demonstrates strong anticancer effects but exhibits high toxicity, particularly in the lung and liver, indicating a narrow therapeutic window. Roridin E demonstrates potent activity at low concentrations but exhibits high toxicity, especially in the liver and skin. Additionally, morphological analysis is performed to predict drug delivery and distribution characteristics, revealing anisotropic remission and the influence of microenvironmental factors on drug response. This study underscores the potential of the binary T-MOC system as an alternative platform for anticancer drug evaluation, enabling efficient preclinical validation while reducing reliance on animal models.},
}

@article {pmid40717412,
year = {2025},
author = {Rattanapitoon, SK and La, N and Rattanapitoon, NK},
title = {Superb Microvascular Imaging and Angiogenesis Markers in IDC: Further Considerations.},
journal = {Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jum.70016},
pmid = {40717412},
issn = {1550-9613},
}

@article {pmid40709968,
year = {2025},
author = {Pascual-Vera, B and Doron, G and Inozu, M and García, F and Belloch, A},
title = {The Mediating Role of Misinterpretations and Neutralizing Responses to Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts in Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders.},
journal = {European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40709968},
issn = {2254-9625},
support = {RTI2018-098349-B-I00//The study was partially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain) & Fondos FEDER UE [RTI2018-098349-B-I00). This research received no external funding./ ; RTI2018-098349-B-I00//The study was partially supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain) & Fondos FEDER UE [RTI2018-098349-B-I00). This research received no external funding./ ; },
abstract = {Background. Cognitive-behavioral theories suggest that obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) develop from maladaptive misinterpretations and coping strategies of unwanted intrusive thoughts (UITs). Models of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD) propose that these symptoms stem from similar misinterpretations of common UITs relating to perceived defects in appearance and illness. This study examines whether maladaptive misinterpretations and control strategies leading to the escalation of obsessional UITs to OCD symptoms also have a similar effect on the development of BDD and IAD. More specifically, we examined whether misinterpretations and neutralizing responses mediate the associations between the frequency of disorder-specific UITs and symptoms of these disorders. Method. A total of 625 non-clinical participants from four countries completed the Questionnaire of Unpleasant Intrusive Thoughts (QUIT) that assesses OCD, BDD and IAD-related UITs and their associated misinterpretations and neutralizing strategies, as well as self-report measures of OCD, BDD, and IAD symptoms. Parallel multiple mediation models were conducted. Results. The frequency of OCD, BDD and IAD-related UITs predicted symptoms of each disorder. Dysfunctional appraisals and neutralizing behaviors mediated the associations between disorder-specific UITs and symptoms in OCD and IAD. The IAD model accounted for a smaller proportion of variance than the OCD model. No mediating effects were found for BDD symptoms. Conclusions. Experiencing disturbing UITs is a transdiagnostic risk factor of OCD, BDD and IAD, and is associated with symptoms of these disorders. Maladaptive interpretation of UITs and neutralizing strategies should be specific targets in the assessment and treatment of OCD and IAD. The absence of mediation effects for BDD could be due to the limitations observed on the self-report used to assess BDD symptoms and/or the low relevance of the misinterpretations and control strategies assessed by the QUIT, which are more typically endorsed by individuals with OCD.},
}

@article {pmid40707709,
year = {2025},
author = {Bareket, O and Reifen-Tagar, M and Saguy, T},
title = {Ambivalent sexism predicts Israelis' gendered preferences in the Gaza hostage crisis.},
journal = {Communications psychology},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {113},
pmid = {40707709},
issn = {2731-9121},
abstract = {Gender-based prioritization in life-or-death decisions has long shaped crisis responses, from natural disasters to wartime evacuations. This study examined psychological predictors of public support for such prioritization, using the case of Israeli hostages abducted by Hamas terrorist organization on October 7, 2023. Across two hostage release deals-one in November 2023 and another in January 2025-women were systematically prioritized, leaving abducted men in captivity. Analyses of a representative Jewish Israeli sample (N = 1171) regarding the November 2023 deal, reveal that hostile sexism, marked by resentment toward women, predicts opposition to prioritizing women's release. Conversely, benevolent sexism, casting women as needing protection, predicts support for women's prioritization (particularly for mothers). Even after accounting for demographics and broader ideologies, sexist attitudes emerge as key predictors of gender-based preferences in public opinion. Hostile and benevolent sexism operate here largely independently, with no credible evidence for an interaction, suggesting distinct psychological pathways. Respondent's gender plays a minor role, though benevolent sexism predicts a stronger protective bias toward women hostages among men than among women. These findings underscore how hostile sexism can disadvantage women, while benevolent sexism can reinforce women's vulnerability but demands men's sacrifice. Although decisions about hostage release may appear purely pragmatic on the surface, divergent public views on the matter may reflect gendered biases that emerge in high-stakes, life-or-death contexts-potentially more than impartial, need-based considerations.},
}

@article {pmid40705266,
year = {2025},
author = {Mukhtar, RA and Dimitroff, K and Yau, C and Chien, AJ and Connolly, EP and Howard-McNatt, M and Rao, R and Ladores, V and Golshan, M and Sauder, CA and Ahmed, K and Lancaster, R and Fox, J and Gutnik, L and Lee, MC and Tchou, J and Prionas, N and Arciero, CA and Reyna, C and Kuerer, H and Switalla, K and Taunk, N and Tuttle, TM and Moran, MS and Postlewait, LM and Perlmutter, J and DeMichele, A and Yee, D and Hylton, N and Symmans, WF and Rugo, HS and Shatsky, R and Isaacs, C and Esserman, LJ and Van't Veer, L and Boughey, JC},
title = {Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Surgical Outcomes and Conversion to Node-Negativity in Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer: Analysis of Molecularly High-Risk Tumors by Histologic Subtype on the I-SPY2 Clinical Trial.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40705266},
issn = {1534-4681},
support = {K08 CA256047/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; K08CA256047/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P01CA210961/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has lower response rates to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) than invasive ductal carcinoma. While ILC often has low-risk biology, there is a high-risk subset within this heterogeneous tumor type. We compared surgical treatment and response rates by histology in I-SPY2, a multicenter NAC trial.

METHODS: We evaluated 1329 patients with stage II-III breast cancer and high-risk 70-gene assay. Patients with classic, pleomorphic, or mixed lobular/ductal histology were included in the lobular cohort. We evaluated rates of mastectomy, positive margins, axillary dissection, and conversion from clinical node-positive (cN+) to pathologic node-negative (ypN-) status after NAC.

RESULTS: Overall, 124 patients (9.3%) had lobular histology, with 69% being hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-). There was no difference in mastectomy rate (57.2% for lobular vs. 55.8% for non-lobular). The ILC cohort had more positive margins after lumpectomy than the non-ILC cohort (21.2% vs. 7.9%; p = 0.023). Within cN0 cases, axillary dissection was significantly more common among the lobular cases (24.1% vs. 14.0%; p = 0.039). Conversion from cN+ to ypN0 did not differ statistically between lobular and non-lobular cases (40.9% vs. 51.2%; p = 0.11). The nodal conversion rate among cN+lobular tumors was 30.6% in HR+/HER2-, 72.7% in HER2+, and 66.7% in triple-negative cases.

CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the challenges of surgical management for ILC but hold promise that molecular classification can improve treatment selection. While high genomic risk is generally less common among ILC, our findings suggest that gene expression assays in cN+ILC patients can identify a subset who may benefit from NAC.},
}

@article {pmid40695279,
year = {2025},
author = {Kaltenecker, D and Fisker Schmidt, S and Weber, P and Loft, A and Morigny, P and Machado, J and Geppert, J and Saul, KB and Benedikt, P and Molocea, CE and Scott, R and Haase, K and Martignoni, ME and Alfaro, AJ and Chow, KK and Simoes, E and Pinhata Otoch, J and Lima, JDCC and Swanton, C and Spielmann, N and Hrabé de Angelis, M and Elsner, M and Ertürk, A and Dyar, KA and Rohm, M and Prokopchuk, O and Jamal-Hanjani, M and Seelaender, M and Backs, J and Herzig, S and Berriel Diaz, M},
title = {Functional liver genomics identifies hepatokines promoting wasting in cancer cachexia.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {188},
number = {17},
pages = {4549-4566.e22},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.039},
pmid = {40695279},
issn = {1097-4172},
mesh = {*Cachexia/metabolism/genetics/pathology ; Humans ; Animals ; *Liver/metabolism ; *Neoplasms/complications/metabolism/genetics ; Mice ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Male ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism/genetics ; Genomics ; Female ; Transcriptome ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; },
abstract = {In cancer cachexia, the presence of a tumor triggers systemic metabolic disruption that leads to involuntary body weight loss and accelerated mortality in affected patients. Here, we conducted transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of the liver in various weight-stable cancer and cancer cachexia models. An integrative multilevel analysis approach identified a distinct gene expression signature that included hepatocyte-secreted factors and the circadian clock component REV-ERBα as key modulator of hepatic transcriptional reprogramming in cancer cachexia. Notably, hepatocyte-specific genetic reconstitution of REV-ERBα in cachexia ameliorated peripheral tissue wasting. This improvement was associated with decreased levels of specific cachexia-controlled hepatocyte-secreted factors. These hepatokines promoted catabolism in multiple cell types and were elevated in cachectic cancer patients. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which the liver contributes to peripheral tissue wasting in cancer cachexia, offering perspectives for future therapeutic interventions.},
}

*Cachexia/metabolism/genetics/pathology
Humans
Animals
*Liver/metabolism
*Neoplasms/complications/metabolism/genetics
Mice
Hepatocytes/metabolism
Male
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism/genetics
Genomics
Female
Transcriptome
Mice, Inbred C57BL

@article {pmid40693684,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Liu, J},
title = {Male Breast Cancer Complicated With Leukocytosis Resembling Leukemia Reaction After Chemotherapy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)},
volume = {8},
number = {7},
pages = {e70280},
pmid = {40693684},
issn = {2573-8348},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/drug therapy/pathology/complications ; *Leukocytosis/chemically induced/diagnosis/drug therapy ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology/surgery ; *Filgrastim/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; *Leukemia/diagnosis/chemically induced ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Male breast cancer (MBC) accounts for less than 1% of all cancers in men, with invasive ductal carcinoma being the most common type. The chemotherapy regimens used for MBC are similar to those for female breast cancer. However, the incidence of chemotherapy-induced complications such as leukocytosis resembling leukemia reaction is not well documented in MBC. This case highlights a rare complication in an MBC patient, induced by prophylactic PEG-rhG-CSF following chemotherapy.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old male with left breast invasive ductal carcinoma underwent modified radical mastectomy. Postoperative pathology revealed high-risk features, and the patient received 8 cycles of chemotherapy with the ddAC-T regimen, followed by PEG-rhG-CSF for febrile neutropenia prevention. After the fifth chemotherapy cycle, the patient developed leukocytosis resembling leukemia reaction, characterized by a white blood cell count exceeding 50 × 10[9]/L, along with intermittent fever up to 42.5°C. The condition was attributed to the PEG-rhG-CSF administration, and the patient was treated with NSAIDs and dexamethasone. Leukocytosis resolved after adjusting the PEG-rhG-CSF dose.

CONCLUSION: Leukocytosis resembling leukemia reaction induced by PEG-rhG-CSF post-chemotherapy is a rare complication, particularly in MBC patients. This case underscores the importance of careful monitoring and differential diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions. Personalized treatment strategies and dose adjustments for PEG-rhG-CSF are crucial in managing this rare reaction, emphasizing the need for awareness and individualized care in MBC patients undergoing chemotherapy.},
}

Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/drug therapy/pathology/complications
*Leukocytosis/chemically induced/diagnosis/drug therapy
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
Diagnosis, Differential
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology/surgery
*Filgrastim/adverse effects/administration & dosage
Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects/administration & dosage
Mastectomy, Modified Radical
*Leukemia/diagnosis/chemically induced
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/adverse effects

@article {pmid40693510,
year = {2025},
author = {Shahid, U and Haya, N and Baessler, K and Christmann-Schmid, C and Yeung, E and Chen, Z and Maher, C},
title = {Perioperative interventions in pelvic organ prolapse surgery.},
journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews},
volume = {7},
number = {7},
pages = {CD013105},
pmid = {40693510},
issn = {1469-493X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *Pelvic Organ Prolapse/surgery ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Reoperation/statistics & numerical data ; *Perioperative Care/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common condition, with a significant proportion of women requiring surgical treatment. While the evidence supporting the surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse is well established, the evidence for perioperative interventions remains porous. The main goal of perioperative interventions is to reduce the rate of adverse events while improving women's outcomes following surgical intervention for prolapse.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the safety and effectiveness of a range of perioperative interventions versus other interventions or no intervention (control group) at the time of surgery for POP.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group Specialised Register, which contains trials identified from CENTRAL, MEDLINE, two major international clinical trials registers, and handsearching of journals and conference proceedings (searched 30 April 2024). We also contacted researchers in the field.

SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of women undergoing surgical treatment for symptomatic POP that compared a perioperative intervention related to POP surgery versus no treatment or another intervention.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures recommended by Cochrane. Our primary outcomes were awareness of prolapse, repeat surgery for prolapse and objective failure at any site. We also measured adverse events and patient-reported outcomes. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence.

MAIN RESULTS: This review includes 49 RCTs that compared 19 different intervention groups versus a control. The trials were conducted in 15 countries, and involved 5657 women. The certainty of the evidence ranged from low to moderate. Most interventions could not be blinded, thus introducing a risk of bias. POP surgery with or without pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT): seven RCTs with 1032 women There may be no clinically relevant difference in awareness of prolapse following POP surgery with or without PFMT (odds ratio (OR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61 to 1.87; 1 study, 305 women; low-certainty evidence). This suggests that if 20% of women are aware of prolapse after surgery without PFMT, 13% to 31% are likely to be aware after POP surgery with PFMT. Similarly, there may be no clinically relevant difference in repeat surgery for prolapse with or without PFMT (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.23 to 3.26; 1 study, 316 women; low-certainty evidence). Additionally, there may be no clinically relevant difference in objective failure at any site with or without PFMT (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.67 to 2.29; P = 0.49; 1 study, 307 women; low-certainty evidence). Finally, there may be no clinically relevant difference in patient-reported outcomes measures with or without PFMT, including Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) scores (mean difference (MD) -4.11, 95% CI -8.97 to 0.76; I² = 0%; 3 studies, 512 women; low-certainty evidence), Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI) (MD -0.23, 95% CI -4.59 to 4.14; I² = 81%, 3 studies, 289 women; low-certainty evidence), Pelvic Organ Prolapse - Distress Inventory (POP-DI) (MD 0.00, 95% CI -1.22 to 1.22; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 143 women; low-certainty evidence) and Colorectal Anal Distress Inventory (CRADI) (MD -1.70, 95% CI -7.91 to 4.51; I² = 96%; 3 studies, 291 women; low-certainty evidence). POP surgery with in-dwelling catheter (IDC) removal before 24 hours versus at 24 hours postoperatively: five RCTs with 478 women There was probably no clinically relevant difference in urinary tract infections (UTIs) between women with IDC removal before 24 hours versus at 24 hours postoperatively (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.08; I² = 61%; 4 studies, 381 women; moderate-certainty evidence). Similarly, there may be no clinically relevant difference in the number of women discharged with a catheter between the two groups (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.22 to 2.95; 1 study, 64 women; low-certainty evidence). Furthermore, there may be no clinically relevant difference in the length of stay (days) between women with IDC removal before 24 hours versus at 24 hours postoperatively (MD 0.00, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.11; I² = 45%; 3 studies, 181 women; low-certainty evidence). Finally, there may be little to no difference in total catheter days between the two groups (MD 0.10, 95% CI -0.64 to 0.84; 2 studies, 124 women; low-certainty evidence). POP surgery with IDC removal day at more than 24 hours postoperatively versus at 24 hours: two RCTs with 277 women Women may be more likely to have a large increase in UTI risk if they had an IDC for longer than one day (OR 9.25, 95% CI 3.60 to 23.75; I² = 0%; 2 studies, 274 women; low-certainty evidence). This suggests that if 4% of women get a UTI with IDC removal at 24 hours, 12% to 47% will get a UTI with IDC removal at more than 24 hours following POP surgery. Similarly, having an IDC for longer than 24 hours probably increases the length of hospital stay (MD 1.18, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.44; 2 studies, 274 women; moderate-certainty evidence). Finally, having an IDC for longer than 24 hours may result in a large increase in total catheter days (MD 2.45, 95% CI 2.14 to 2.76; 1 study, 197 women; low-certainty evidence). There were no clinically relevant differences between study groups in the few available results for the following interventions at the time of POP surgery: with or without bowel preparation, short-acting versus long-acting bupivacaine, with or without vasoconstrictors, with chlorhexadine 2% vaginal preparation versus other vaginal antiseptic solutions, with or without vaginal packing, with restricted versus liberal postoperative activity instructions, with or without vaginal oestrogen, and with or without cranberry supplementation.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There remains a paucity of data on perioperative interventions in POP surgery. We were unable to establish a clinically meaningful reduction in adverse events or increase in patient satisfaction across most of the perioperative interventions. Women may be more likely to have a large increase in UTI risk if they have an IDC for longer than one day.},
}

Humans
Female
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
*Pelvic Organ Prolapse/surgery
Postoperative Complications/epidemiology/prevention & control
Reoperation/statistics & numerical data
*Perioperative Care/methods