@article {pmid40260130,
year = {2025},
author = {Tamomh, AG and Ali, MO and Walana, W and Mohammed, NM and Hassan, IM and Hamed, ME and Alkab, MJ and Mohammed, GI and Albashir, EA and Mahmoud, RO and Ahmed, MS},
title = {Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Children in an Internally Displaced Center (IDC) in Kosti City of the White Nile State, Sudan.},
journal = {Journal of parasitology research},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {5542680},
pmid = {40260130},
issn = {2090-0023},
abstract = {Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are considered a global health problem, especially in developing countries such as Sudan. Over three million people have been displaced in Sudan due to civil war, and children are severely affected. However, there is limited data regarding IPIs among children in internally displaced centers (IDCs) in the White Nile State, especially in Kosti City. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of IPIs and the associated risk factors among Sudanese children in an IDC in Kosti City, White Nile State, Sudan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 508 children at the IDC, and 508 corresponding stool samples were collected. Parents and guardians of children aged 1-10 were contacted randomly to voluntarily enroll their wards in the study. The sample collection period was from June 15th to November 15th, 2023. The stool samples were examined using direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques. Results: The overall prevalence of IPIs among children of the IDC was 33.9% (172/508). Specifically, the prevalence of intestinal parasites (IPs) among the children were Entamoeba histolytica (6.7%), Giardia lamblia (25.0%), and Hymenolepis nana (2.2%). Age-wise, the proportion of IPIs among children (1-5 years) was 29.8% (59/198), and those 6-10 years were 40.3% (125/310), p < 0.05. IPIs among males (32.1%) were less than females (34.9%), p > 0.05. Conclusion: The study concluded a relatively high prevalence of IPIs among children in IDC in Kosti City, White Nile State, Sudan. Therefore, a swift public intervention plan is needed, such as improving hygiene and sanitation, health education, and periodic screening and deworming of the affected population, particularly children.},
}

@article {pmid40256672,
year = {2025},
author = {Yuan, M and Yin, Y and Chu, Z and Yan, J},
title = {Investigation of Risk Factors and Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Overall Survival in Breast-Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.},
journal = {Breast care (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {118-131},
pmid = {40256672},
issn = {1661-3791},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast is a common pathological subtype of breast cancer, ranks second in terms of incidence rate following invasive ductal carcinoma. The aims of this study were to construct a nomogram for predicting overall survival (OS) in patients with ILC and to identify risk factors that affect their survival prognosis.

METHODS: The patients diagnosed with ILC between 2010 and 2015 were extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. They were randomly split into a training set with 18,365 samples for model training and parameter tuning and a validation set with 7,872 samples for independent accuracy verification. The independent risk factors were screened by lasso regression and multivariable Cox regression. A nomogram was constructed for the 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS rates based on these independent risk factors. Model efficiency was assessed through Harrell's concordance index (C-index), calibration curves, receiver operating characteristic curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

RESULTS: A total of 26,237 patients diagnosed with ILC were included. The following factors were identified as independent risk factors associated with OS: age, marital status, grade, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, surgery, radiation therapy, tumor size (T), lymph node (N), and metastasis (M) stages. The C-index was 0.795 in the training set, while in the validation set it was 0.791. The corresponding areas under the curve for 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS were 0.837, 0.828, and 0.791 in the training set and 0.832, 0.826, and 0.781 in the validation set, respectively. The calibration curve of the nomogram showed good consistency, and the DCA curves also suggested that it can provide valuable guidance for clinical decision-making.

CONCLUSIONS: The established nomogram predicting 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year OS for patients with ILC showed a good performance and it can help clinicians make more favorable clinical decisions.},
}

@article {pmid40255334,
year = {2025},
author = {Raj, FA and Ajmal, IT and Thiyagarajan, A and Ajmal, MY and Selvam, P and Muralidhar, V},
title = {Synchronous breast carcinoma with ipsilateral axillary tuberculosis, posing a diagnostic dilemma.},
journal = {Journal of surgical case reports},
volume = {2025},
number = {4},
pages = {rjaf218},
pmid = {40255334},
issn = {2042-8812},
abstract = {This case report describes a 63-year-old postmenopausal diabetic female with synchronous primary invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast and tuberculosis (TB) of the ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes. Presenting with a palpable right breast lump and axillary lymphadenopathy, the patient underwent imaging, revealing BIRADS V classification and suspicious lymph nodes. Core needle biopsy confirmed invasive carcinoma, while lymph node histology revealed caseating granulomatous inflammation consistent with TB. Managed with modified radical mastectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy, and antitubercular therapy, the patient showed complete disease resolution on follow-up. This rare coexistence underscores the necessity for histopathological confirmation and multidisciplinary management to optimize outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40252206,
year = {2025},
author = {Sanli, AN and Kara, H and Tekcan Sanli, DE and Arikan, AE and Cabioglu, N and Uras, C},
title = {Comparison of Clinicopathologic Features and Survival Outcomes of Pleomorphic Lobular, Classical Lobular, and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {World journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/wjs.12589},
pmid = {40252206},
issn = {1432-2323},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The objective of this research is to assess the clinical importance of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) by contrasting its survival outcomes and clinicopathological characteristics with those of classical invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

METHODS: Data from the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database, which covers patients with breast cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2021, are used in this retrospective analysis. Clinical, pathological, and demographic factors were noted. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to conduct survival analyses.

RESULTS: A total of 639,943 patients were included in the study. 182 (0.03%) patients were diagnosed with PLC, 74,565 (11.6%) were with ILC, and 565,196 (88.3%) were with IDC. Compared with ILC and IDC, PLC was associated with higher tumor grade, higher T, N stage, and stage 3-4 AJCC stage, higher hormone negativity, and triple negativity rates. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) rates were lower in the PLC group, whereas mastectomy, no surgery, and chemotherapy rates were higher. Five-year and 10-year overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) rates were significantly lower in the PLC group than in both ILC and IDC (p < 0.05). However, when survival outcomes were evaluated according to stage, no statistically significant differences in overall survival (OS) or disease-specific survival (DSS) were found between PLC and ILC or between PLC and IDC across all disease stages (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: PLC, a very rare type of breast cancer, has worse clinicopathological features and worse survival outcomes than both ILC and IDC. These findings highlight the need for more specialized personalized targeted therapeutic strategies for PLC.},
}

@article {pmid40251247,
year = {2025},
author = {Shahzad, T and Mazhar, T and Saqib, SM and Ouahada, K},
title = {Transformer-inspired training principles based breast cancer prediction: combining EfficientNetB0 and ResNet50.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {13501},
pmid = {40251247},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; COVID-19 ; Deep Learning ; Machine Learning ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Algorithms ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is a leading killer and has been deepened by COVID-19, which affected diagnosis and treatment services. The absence of a rapid, efficient, accurate diagnostic tool remains a pressing issue for this severe disease. Thus, it is still possible to encounter issues concerning diagnostic accuracy and utilization of errors in the sphere of machine learning, deep learning, and transfer learning models. This paper presents a new model combining EfficientNetB0 and ResNet50 to improve the classification of breast histopathology images into IDC and non-IDC classes. The implementation steps, it include resizing all the images to be of a standard size of 128*128 pixels and then performing normalization to enhance the learning model. EfficientNetB0 is selected for its efficient yet effective performance while ResNet50 employs deep residual connections to overcome the vanishing gradient problem. The proposed model that incorporates some of the characteristics from both architectures turns out to be very resilient and accurate in classification. The model demonstrates superior performance with an accuracy of 94%, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.0628, and a Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 0.8690. These results outperform previous baselines and show that the model performs well in achieving a good trade-off between precision and recall. The comparison with the related works demonstrates the superiority of the proposed ensemble approach in terms of accuracy and complexity, which makes it efficient for practical breast cancer diagnosis and screening.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Female
COVID-19
Deep Learning
Machine Learning
SARS-CoV-2
Algorithms

@article {pmid40248551,
year = {2025},
author = {Abdallaoui Maane, L and Ismaili, N and Siati, A and Fareh, M and Elghanmi, A and Bouziyane, A and Dehayni, M},
title = {Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study of 23 Cases in Morocco.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {e80756},
pmid = {40248551},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of estrogen and progesterone hormone receptor expression in tumor cells, and the lack of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) growth factor expression on immunohistochemistry. It is considered an aggressive subtype with limited treatment options, based mainly on chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Materials and methods This retrospective study examines the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, and therapeutic characteristics of TNBC. It is based on a series of 23 cases collected from the Medical Oncology Department of the Cheikh Khalifa Ibn Zaid Al Nahyan International University Hospital in Casablanca, Morocco, over a period of three years and six months. The study focuses on newly diagnosed patients with TNBC, with data collected from the medical records of patients who were diagnosed and treated during this period. Follow-up data were analyzed to assess disease progression and treatment response, but all cases included were diagnosed during the study period. Results Of the total 242 breast cancer cases, 12.4% (30 cases) were diagnosed with TNBC. Due to missing data, only 23 cases were included in the final analysis. The average age of patients was 51.35 years, and 26.09% (six patients) had a family history of breast cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most common histological type, accounting for 91.30% (21 cases) of cases, with a mean tumor size of 40.69 mm. Histoprognostic grades II and III were predominant, representing 30.43% (seven cases) and 52.17% (12 cases) of cases, respectively. Surgical treatments included conservative lumpectomy in 43.48% (10 patients), radical mastectomy according to the Patey technique in 26.09% (six patients), and no surgery for 30.43% (seven patients). Chemotherapy was administered to 69.6% (16 patients) of patients, with 39.1% (nine patients) receiving adjuvant therapy and 30.4% (seven patients) undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. Lymph node involvement was present in 63.64% (14 patients) of cases, with bone metastasis in 45.45% (10 patients) and lung metastasis in 27.27% (six patients). The disease course was considered unfavorable in 55% (13 patients) of cases, with disease progression observed in these patients. Specifically, 35% developed local recurrence, and 35% experienced metastatic progression. The average recurrence-free survival was 22.74 months post-diagnosis. Conclusion TNBC is a highly aggressive form of breast cancer, associated with a poor prognosis due to its high metastatic potential and frequent recurrence, particularly within the first two years after diagnosis. Current therapeutic options remain limited, highlighting the ongoing need for improved treatment strategies and early detection efforts.},
}

@article {pmid40248531,
year = {2025},
author = {Altamirano, GA and Romero, C and Moreno Cabrera, CS and Sobalvarro, JI and Aragón Conrado, LE},
title = {From Breast to Eye: A Rare Case of Ocular Metastasis From Luminal Breast Cancer in a Nicaraguan Patient.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {e80748},
pmid = {40248531},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Ocular metastases from breast cancer are rare but significant, with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) showing a higher tendency for ocular involvement than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Radiotherapy is the main treatment, but the prognosis is poor. This case involves a 37-year-old woman with a history of bilateral breast cancer, initially treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. She later developed pulmonary progression, bone metastases, and other complications. The patient experienced worsening vision loss, headaches, tinnitus, and systemic decline. Imaging showed brain lesions and choroidal metastasis. Extensive metastasis was confirmed, including in the pleura, liver, and bones. Ophthalmologic evaluation revealed increased intraocular pressure, requiring medical management and planned cyclophotocoagulation. Due to the advanced disease, a palliative care approach was initiated, with radiotherapy planned for ocular metastasis. This case highlights the aggressive nature of metastatic luminal B breast cancer with ocular involvement and underscores the importance of early detection and a multidisciplinary approach to patient care.},
}

@article {pmid40245679,
year = {2025},
author = {Feizi, I and Sedigh-Namin, A and Kani, A and Namin, SS and Toularoud, AB},
title = {A rare case report of triple primary malignancies: synchronous breast ductal invasive carcinoma and lung neuroendocrine tumor, followed by chronic myeloid leukemia.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {130},
number = {},
pages = {111305},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.111305},
pmid = {40245679},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Multiple primary malignancies (MPMTs), the occurrence of two or more different primary cancers in a single person, are rare. These tumors can be synchronous or metachronous, with an incidence ranging from 0.73 % to 11.70 % in cancer patients. While invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common form of breast cancer and lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare, their co-occurrence as MPMT is extremely rare. In addition, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) makes such cases even more complex.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with a lump in the left breast. Diagnostic examinations confirmed breast IDC. Metastatic examination identified a separate primary, well-differentiated NET of the left lung. Both malignancies were treated surgically followed by appropriate adjuvant therapy. A year later, routine follow-up revealed an elevated white blood cell count and a subsequent bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of CML.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The diagnosis of IDC and pulmonary NET as primary tumors is rare and the subsequent development of CML in this setting has not been reported previously. This case highlights the critical importance of thorough diagnostic evaluations to accurately differentiate between metastatic disease and MPMTs. The occurrence of three different malignancies in a single patient presents significant treatment challenges and highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches.

CONCLUSION: This report emphasizes the need for comprehensive diagnostic protocols in the evaluation of multiple tumors and contributes to the growing body of knowledge about MPMT. The coexistence of IDC, pulmonary NET and subsequent CML represents a rare and complex clinical scenario that requires continuous research into optimal management strategies for such cases.},
}

@article {pmid40237857,
year = {2025},
author = {Stang, P and Weiss, M and Jaensch, P and Scholz, S},
title = {Exploring stress and recovery among students: examining the role of study modes.},
journal = {Discover mental health},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {55},
pmid = {40237857},
issn = {2731-4383},
abstract = {Understanding stress and recovery dynamics among students is essential for promoting their well-being and academic success. This study delves into the complex interplay of stressors and coping mechanisms among university students. Drawing upon health psychology and resilience research, we investigate the experiences of stress and recovery among both full-time and part-time students, considering gender and age. Our findings reveal significant differences between full-time and part-time students in various aspects of stress, including emotional stress, conflicts, and lack of energy. Full-time students reported higher levels of stress in these dimensions, which could indicate possible effects on their academic performance and general well-being. Moreover, gender-specific differences in stress experiences were observed, with female students exhibiting higher levels of stress compared to their male counterparts, particularly in terms of emotional stress and lack of energy. Interestingly, while age did not significantly impact stress and recovery experiences, other variables such as workload and coping strategies appeared to play crucial roles. Our study underscores the importance of the diverse needs of students. Overall, this research sheds light on the intricate relationship between stress, recovery, and study program variables among students, offering valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and mental health practitioners seeking to enhance student well-being and academic success in higher education settings.},
}

@article {pmid40237521,
year = {2025},
author = {Irazoki, A and Frank, E and Pham, TCP and Braun, JL and Ehrlich, AM and Haid, M and Riols, F and Hansen, CHF and Jørgensen, AR and Andersen, NR and Hidalgo-Corbacho, L and Meneses-Valdes, R and Ali, MS and Raun, SH and Modvig, JL and Gallero, S and Larsen, S and Gerhart-Hines, Z and Jensen, TE and Rohm, M and Treebak, JT and Fajardo, VA and Sylow, L},
title = {Housing Temperature Impacts the Systemic and Tissue-Specific Molecular Responses to Cancer in Mice.},
journal = {Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e13781},
doi = {10.1002/jcsm.13781},
pmid = {40237521},
issn = {2190-6009},
support = {0169-00013B//Independent Research Fund Denmark/ ; 101108282//European Union's Horizon program, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions/ ; R449-2023-1468//Lundbeck Foundation/ ; NNF23SA0084103//Novo Nordisk Foundation/ ; /ERC_/European Research Council/International ; 949017//European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Mice ; *Cachexia/etiology/metabolism ; *Temperature ; *Housing, Animal ; *Neoplasms/complications/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Thermogenesis ; Female ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cancer cachexia, affecting up to 80% of patients with cancer, is characterized by muscle and fat loss with functional decline. Preclinical research seeks to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying cachexia to identify potential targets. Housing laboratory mice at ambient temperature induces cold stress, triggering thermogenic activity and metabolic adaptations. Yet, the impact of housing temperature on preclinical cachexia remains unknown.

METHODS: Colon 26 carcinoma (C26)-bearing and PBS-inoculated (Ctrl) mice were housed at standard (ST; 20°C-22°C) or thermoneutral temperature (TN; 28°C-32°C). They were monitored for body weight, composition, food intake and systemic factors. Upon necropsy, tissues were weighed and used for evaluation of ex vivo force and respiration, or snap frozen for biochemical assays.

RESULTS: C26 mice lost 7.5% body weight (p = 0.0001 vs. Ctrls), accounted by decreased fat mass (-35%, p < 0.0001 vs. Ctrls), showing mild cachexia irrespective of housing temperature. All C26 mice exhibited reduced force (-40%, p < 0.0001 vs. Ctrls) and increased atrogene expression (3-fold, p < 0.003 vs. Ctrls). Cancer altered white adipose tissue (WAT)'s functional gene signature (49%, p < 0.05 vs. Ctrls), whereas housing temperature reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT)'s (-78%, p < 0.05 vs. ST Ctrl). Thermogenic capacity measured by Ucp1 expression decreased upon cancer in both WAT and BAT (-93% and -63%, p < 0.0044 vs. Ctrls). Cancer-driven glucose intolerance was noted at ST (26%, p = 0.0192 vs. ST Ctrl), but restored at TN (-23%, p = 0.005 vs. ST C26). Circulating FGF21, GDF-15 and IL-6 increased in all C26 mice (4-fold, p < 0.009 vs. Ctrls), with a greater effect on IL-6 at TN (76%, p = 0.0018 vs. ST C26). Tumour and WAT Il6 mRNA levels remained unchanged, while cancer induced skeletal muscle (SkM) Il6 (2-fold, p = 0.0016 vs. Ctrls) at both temperatures. BAT Il6 was only induced in C26 mice at TN (116%, p = 0.0087 vs. ST C26). At the bioenergetics level, cancer increased SkM SERCA ATPase activity at ST (4-fold, p = 0.0108 vs. ST Ctrl) but not at TN. In BAT, O2 consumption enhanced in C26 mice at ST (119%, p < 0.03 vs. ST Ctrl) but was blunted at TN (-44%, p < 0.0001 vs. ST C26). Cancer increased BAT ATP levels regardless of temperature (2-fold, p = 0.0046 vs. Ctrls), while SERCA ATPase activity remained unchanged at ST and decreased at TN (-59%, p = 0.0213 vs. TN Ctrl).

CONCLUSIONS: In mild cachexia, BAT and SkM bioenergetics are susceptible to different housing temperatures, which influences cancer-induced alterations in glucose metabolism and systemic responses.},
}

Animals
Mice
*Cachexia/etiology/metabolism
*Temperature
*Housing, Animal
*Neoplasms/complications/metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Male
Thermogenesis
Female

@article {pmid40234892,
year = {2025},
author = {Shang, J and Miao, J and Niu, S and Sun, X and Liu, Y},
title = {Redefining therapeutic landscapes: clinicopathological insights into low and ultra-low HER2 expression in male breast cancer.},
journal = {Diagnostic pathology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {43},
pmid = {40234892},
issn = {1746-1596},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/metabolism ; Male ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism/analysis ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis/metabolism ; Adult ; Prognosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Aged, 80 and over ; Immunophenotyping ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: With the emergence of new antibody coupled drugs, the treatment decisions of patients with low and ultra-low HER2 expression have been reshaped. However, the epidemiological characteristics of relatively rare male breast cancer are still unclear. This study discusses the clinicopathological and immunophenotypic characteristics of male invasive breast cancer with low and ultra-low HER2 expression.

METHODS: The clinicopathological and immunophenotypic features of 106 cases of male invasive breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed. HER2 was evaluated according to ASCO/CAP guidelines. The cutoff value of HER2 positive cell staining was > 10%. HER2 negative cases were divided into HER2 low expression (IHC = 1+/2 + and ISH without amplification) and HER2-0 (IHC-0, HER2 null and < 10% weak staining of cell membrane). The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of the cases were collected.

RESULTS: 106 male patients with invasive breast cancer from 2015 to 2024 were included in this study, and more than 85% of male breast cancer histological types were invasive ductal carcinoma. Immunophenotype: There were 23 cases of HER2-zero (including 13 cases of HER2 ultra-low), 72 cases of HER2 low, 11 cases of HER2 positive, and the HER2 positive rate was 10.38%, and the incidence of low expression was 67.93%; The incidence of HER2 low in male breast cancer was significantly higher than that in female breast cancer, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In terms of prognosis, there was no statistical difference between HER2 low male breast cancer and female breast cancer (P > 0.05). There was no statistical difference in survival prognosis between different HER2 status in the male breast cancer cohort.

CONCLUSION: Male invasive breast cancer is rare, and it is more common in the elderly over 60 years old. The positive rate of ER and PR is high, and the incidence of HER2 low is high. The high HER2 low expression rate of male breast cancer can provide a new anti-HER2 treatment decision.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/metabolism
Male
*Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism/analysis
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Aged
*Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis/metabolism
Adult
Prognosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism
Immunohistochemistry
Aged, 80 and over
Immunophenotyping

@article {pmid40234839,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, JH and Bae, J and Bae, JY and Jun, KI and Kim, CJ and Choi, HJ},
title = {Impact of early infectious diseases consultation on the management of central line-associated bloodstream infection: a propensity score weighting retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {526},
pmid = {40234839},
issn = {1471-2334},
support = {2022R1A2C1092235//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; *Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy/therapy/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Propensity Score ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Intensive Care Units ; *Referral and Consultation ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; *Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects ; *Communicable Diseases/diagnosis ; *Bacteremia/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is an important healthcare-associated infection, particularly in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to investigate the impact of early infectious disease consultation (IDC) on the quality of care metrics of CLABSI in patients admitted to the ICU.

METHODS: Patients with CLABSI admitted to the ICU were included and divided into early IDC, and late or never IDC groups. The early IDC group indicated patients whose attending physician received IDC within 72 h of CLABSI onset. The main outcomes were the proportion of patients who received optimal targeted antibiotic treatment and catheter removal within 72 h of CLABSI onset. Propensity score analysis with the inverse probability of the treatment weighting method was used to compare the outcomes.

RESULTS: Among the 197 enrolled patients, 52 (26.4%) underwent early IDC and 145 (63.6%) did not. The early IDC group showed considerably higher proportions of catheter removal (76.9% versus 44.8%; adjusted odds ratio (OR): 3.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.72-7.98; P = 0.001) than the late or never IDC group. The proportions of patients receiving optimal targeted antibiotic treatment were significantly higher in the early IDC group than in the late or never IDC group (67.3% versus 46.9%, adjusted OR: adjusted OR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.17-4.91, P = 0.016)).

CONCLUSIONS: Early IDC was associated with improvement of the quality of care for patients with CLABSI in the ICU. This findings support the implementation of early IDC should be considered as an integral part of care of CLABSI in ICU patients.},
}

Humans
Male
Female
*Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy/therapy/diagnosis
Retrospective Studies
Propensity Score
Middle Aged
Aged
Intensive Care Units
*Referral and Consultation
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
*Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects
*Communicable Diseases/diagnosis
*Bacteremia/drug therapy

@article {pmid40234077,
year = {2025},
author = {Ajmani, A and Witheiler, DW and Kivelevitch, D},
title = {Carcinoma erysipeloides secondary to male breast cancer in a patient with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: a clinical presentation and management.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2024-264429},
pmid = {40234077},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/genetics/pathology/drug therapy/complications ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/drug therapy/pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; Germ-Line Mutation ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics ; *Skin Neoplasms/secondary/genetics/drug therapy/pathology ; },
abstract = {We report a rare case of carcinoma erysipeloides (CE) in a man in his 80s. The patient exhibited a 15 year history of progressive nodularity over the right areola, accompanied by violaceous erythema extending from the right chest to both the right and left abdomen. The diagnostic workup confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma beneath the areola, intralymphatic carcinoma consistent with CE involving the regional skin and metastatic involvement of a single lymph node. The tumour tested positive for oestrogen and progesterone receptors but negative for HER2; genetic testing revealed the patient harboured germline mutations for BRCA1 and BRCA2. Oncology initiated anastrozole and palbociclib treatment, resulting in objective improvement in his breast cancer and his CE. This case highlights a unique presentation of male breast cancer with CE in the context of BRCA mutations and underscores the importance of genetic evaluation and tailored treatment in men with familial breast cancer syndromes.},
}

Humans
Male
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/genetics/pathology/drug therapy/complications
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/drug therapy/pathology
Aged, 80 and over
BRCA1 Protein/genetics
Germ-Line Mutation
BRCA2 Protein/genetics
*Skin Neoplasms/secondary/genetics/drug therapy/pathology

@article {pmid40233046,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, G and Dong, Y and Zhu, R and Tan, Y and Liu, X and Tao, J and Chen, D},
title = {Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging parameters combined with diffusion-weighted imaging for discriminating malignant lesions, molecular subtypes, and pathological grades in invasive ductal carcinoma patients.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {e0320240},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0320240},
pmid = {40233046},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; Adult ; *Contrast Media ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Neoplasm Grading ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; },
abstract = {Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters or diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings provide prognostic information on breast cancer. However, the accuracy of a single MRI technique is unsatisfactory. This study intended to explore the combination of DWI and DCE-MRI parameters in discriminating molecular subtypes in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients. Eighty-two IDC patients who underwent breast DWI and DCE-MRI examinations were retrospectively analyzed. Eighty-six patients with benign masses were retrieved as benign controls. The combination of ADC value, Ktrans, Kep, Ve, and iAUC had a good ability to discriminate IDC patients (vs. benign controls) with an area under the curve (AUC) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 0.961 (0.935-0.987). A nomogram-based prediction model with the above combination showed a good predictive value for IDC probability. The combination of ADC value, Ktrans, Kep, and iAUC also had a certain ability to discriminate pathological grade III (vs. I or II) [AUC (95% CI): 0.698 (0.572-0.825)] in IDC patients. Notably, ADC value (P=0.010) and Kep (P=0.043) differed in IDC patients with different molecular subtypes. Besides, ADC value was increased (P<0.001), but Ktrans (P=0.037) and Kep (P=0.004) were decreased in IDC patients with Lumina A (vs. other molecular subtypes). The combination of ADC value, Ktrans, Kep, had an acceptable ability to discriminate Luminal A (vs. other molecular subtypes) [AUC (95% CI): 0.845 (0.748-0.941)] in IDC patients. DWI combined with DCE-MRI parameters discriminates IDC from benign masses; it also identifies Luminal A and pathological grade III in IDC patients.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis
Adult
*Contrast Media
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Aged
Retrospective Studies
Neoplasm Grading
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods

@article {pmid40231894,
year = {2025},
author = {Ahmadi, M and Allen, G and Stanway, J and Traviss, N},
title = {Effect of operating conditions and technology on residential wood stove emissions of criteria, greenhouse gas, and hazardous air pollutants.},
journal = {Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/10962247.2025.2488807},
pmid = {40231894},
issn = {2162-2906},
abstract = {Pollution from cordwood stoves includes fine particulate matter (PM), hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), greenhouse gases (GHGs), and other compounds that impact human health and climate. To better understand emissions under typical homeowner use patterns, we tested five U.S. cordwood stoves (four meeting 2020 New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) and one pre-NSPS, circa 1980 stove) across three technology types using the novel Integrated Duty Cycle (IDC) protocol. We report emissions factors by IDC phase, which better represent "real world" operating conditions (such as "start-up," "high heat," and "overnight burn") and fuel loading patterns. We evaluated the effect of operating conditions and dry burn rate on PM, HAP and GHG emissions and determined significant effects from IDC phase in uncertified and catalytic/hybrid stove emissions, but not in noncatalytic stoves. This has important implications for use of emissions factors in air quality science, policy, and stove design, as different U.S. climate zones will influence the number of cordwood stove starts, fuel loading patterns, and the frequencies of the IDC phases.},
}

@article {pmid40230896,
year = {2024},
author = {Waykar, R and Kumarapillai, S},
title = {Breast cancer histopathology, classification and clinical management: Current perspectives.},
journal = {Bioinformation},
volume = {20},
number = {12},
pages = {2069-2079},
pmid = {40230896},
issn = {0973-2063},
abstract = {Breast cancer (BC) manifests as a diverse group of malignancies and presents as a wide array of tumors with distinct morphological, biological and clinical characteristics. Molecular classification of BC serves as the basis for current precision-oriented therapeutic strategies. Upcoming therapeutic strategies will emphasize personalized medicine and tailoring treatments according to each patient's specific needs. These approaches will involve modulating the therapy intensity based on the biological characteristics of tumours and early predictive indicators, allowing for more precise and adaptable care in oncology. Additionally, there remains an unfulfilled requirement for the creation of new medications to treat breast cancer in its early stages, as well as in advanced cases. This review article presents an extensive examination of breast cancer, delving into its prevalence, contributing factors, molecular and cellular features and therapeutic interventions.},
}

@article {pmid40229675,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, X and Luo, Y and Xie, Z and Wen, Y and Mou, F and Zeng, W},
title = {Prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy in breast cancer: integrating multimodal imaging and clinical features.},
journal = {BMC medical imaging},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {118},
pmid = {40229675},
issn = {1471-2342},
support = {zdxk202116//Chongqing Regional Key Disciplines (Medical Imaging)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Multimodal Imaging/methods ; Aged ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Contrast Media ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess the predictive value of combining DCE-MRI, DKI, IVIM parameters, and clinical characteristics for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) efficacy in invasive ductal carcinoma.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 77 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, analyzing MRI data collected before NAC. Parameters extracted included DCE-MRI (Ktrans, Kep, Ve, wash-in, wash-out, TTP, iAUC), DKI (MK, MD), and IVIM (D, D*, f). Differences between NAC responders and non-responders were assessed using t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. ROC curves and Spearman correlation analyses evaluated predictive accuracy.

RESULTS: NAC responders had higher DCE-MRI-Kep, DKI-MD, IVIM-D, and IVIM-f values. Non-responders had higher DCE-MRI-Ve, DKI-MK, IVIM-D (kurtosis, skewness, entropy), and IVIM-f (entropy). The mean DKI-MK had the highest AUC (0.724), and IVIM-D interquartile range showed the highest sensitivity (94.12%). Combined parameters had the highest AUC (0.969), sensitivity (94.12%), and specificity (90.70%). HER2 status (OR, 0.187; 95% CI: 0.038, 0.914; P = 0.038) and tumor margin (OR, 20.643; 95% CI: 2.892, 147.365; P = 0.003) were identified as independent factors influencing the lack of significant efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: Combining DCE-MRI, DKI, and IVIM parameters effectively predicts NAC efficacy, providing valuable preoperative assessment insights.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.},
}

Humans
Female
*Neoadjuvant Therapy
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/pathology
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Adult
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
*Multimodal Imaging/methods
Aged
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Treatment Outcome
Contrast Media
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant

@article {pmid40226110,
year = {2025},
author = {Lv, ZD and Zhang, L and Liu, XP and Jin, LY and Dong, Q and Li, FN and Wang, HB and Kong, B},
title = {Erratum: NKD1 down-regulation is associated with poor prognosis in breast invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {International journal of clinical and experimental pathology},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {128-129},
doi = {10.62347/BKQJ1119},
pmid = {40226110},
issn = {1936-2625},
abstract = {[This corrects the article on p. 4015 in vol. 8, PMID: 26097589.].},
}

@article {pmid40225987,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, X and Zhang, Y and Huang, B and Shi, X and Bian, M},
title = {Upregulated PXDNL promotes invasive breast carcinoma progression.},
journal = {American journal of translational research},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {2154-2165},
pmid = {40225987},
issn = {1943-8141},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive breast carcinoma (BRCA) is a common and serious malignancy in women. Peroxidase-like (PXDNL) is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers but has an unclear role in BRCA progression.

METHODS: Bioinformatic analysis of datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and UALCAN investigated a potential carcinogenic role of PXDNL, focusing on its correlation with prognosis, promoter methylation, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, and relevant biologic functions and pathways.

RESULTS: PXDNL demonstrated a significant expression profile in BRCA, with considerable diagnostic and prognostic implications. Its up-regulation correlated with decreased survival rates across various molecular subtypes of BRCA. Patients in the high PXDNL expression group showed reduced presence of multiple infiltrative immune cell types, including CD8+ T cells, cytotoxic cells, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells (DC), immature dendritic cells (iDC), natural killer (NK) cells, NK CD56bright cells, NK CD56dim cells, and follicular helper T cells (TFH). Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between PXDNL expression and immune checkpoint genes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) further indicated that high PXDNL expression triggers pathways such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition and protein secretion, while suppressing crucial processes including allograft rejection, IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling, TNFα signaling via NFκB, adipogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair, and the P53 pathway.

CONCLUSION: Overexpression of PXDNL is associated with poor prognosis and is linked to immune cell infiltration in BRCA. Thus, PXDNL may be a biomarker or therapeutic target for BRCA.},
}

@article {pmid40225816,
year = {2025},
author = {Balde, S and Kengne, UIM and Thiam, JAT and Mekontso, JGK and Niang, SD and Fall, A and Ndiaye, M and Sarr, G and Zoure, ET and Sow, M and Ka, S},
title = {Synchronous Primary Malignancies: Incidental Detection of Ascending Colon Adenocarcinoma During Staging of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.},
journal = {Case reports in oncological medicine},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {7164628},
pmid = {40225816},
issn = {2090-6706},
abstract = {Multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMNs) are defined as two or more distinct tumors in the same individual. Synchronous breast and colon cancers are infrequent and present management challenges due to the lack of standardized guidelines. We report a 73-year-old woman presenting with a right breast mass, subsequently diagnosed as Grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma. Staging CT incidentally revealed right colon wall thickening, and colonoscopy with biopsy confirmed moderately differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma. Following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, she underwent simultaneous radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection and right hemicolectomy. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Adjuvant chemoradiation was administered per multidisciplinary team (MDT) recommendation. Synchronous breast and colon cancers pose unique diagnostic and treatment planning challenges. MDT collaboration is crucial for personalized treatment strategies and optimized outcomes in these complex cases.},
}

@article {pmid40225110,
year = {2024},
author = {Al Harthi, S and Al-Masqari, M},
title = {Concurrent Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Duodenal Heterotopic Pancreas: A Case Report.},
journal = {Oman medical journal},
volume = {39},
number = {6},
pages = {e699},
pmid = {40225110},
issn = {1999-768X},
abstract = {Heterotopic pancreatic (HP) tissue is defined as the presence of pancreatic tissue outside of its usual site with no vascular or anatomic association with the normal pancreas. This is most commonly found in the stomach, duodenum, and proximal jejunum. Most HP findings are incidental. Yet, they can occasionally produce symptoms such as bleeding, abdominal pain, and gastrointestinal obstruction symptoms. HP tissues can also become malignant. The following report details a rare case of a 77-year-old man with concurrent invasive ductal carcinoma and low-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia involving an HP tissue located at the duodenum.},
}

@article {pmid40224367,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Q and Li, F and Ye, Y and Zhang, X},
title = {Antimicrobial, remineralization, and infiltration: advanced strategies for interrupting dental caries.},
journal = {Medical review (2021)},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {87-116},
pmid = {40224367},
issn = {2749-9642},
abstract = {Dental caries, driven by plaque biofilm, poses a major oral health challenge due to imbalance in mineralization and demineralization. The primary objective in caries management is to maintain biofilm homeostasis while facilitating the repair and regeneration of dental hard tissues, thus restoring both structural integrity and functionality of affected teeth. Though antimicrobial and remineralization approaches haven shown promise, their standalone utilization without concurrent bacterial control or rebalancing lacks an integrated strategy to effectively arrest caries progression. Furthermore, according to the principles of minimally invasive dentistry, treatment materials should exhibit high permeability to ensure optimal sealing of demineralized tooth surfaces. The concept of interrupting dental caries (IDC) has emerged as a holistic approach, drawing upon extensive research encompassing three pivotal techniques: antibacterial strategies, remineralization therapies, and infiltration mechanisms, all of which are indispensable components in combating the progression of dental caries. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and applications of antibacterial, remineralization, and infiltration technologies within the context of caries management. Additionally, we summarize advanced materials that align with the IDC concept, aiming to offer valuable insights for designing next-generation materials adept at preventing or halting caries progression efficiently.},
}

@article {pmid40218035,
year = {2025},
author = {Durrani, S and Alamri, S and Zaman, SB and Alobaisi, Y and Hamdan, AB and Alharbi, M and Howaidi, J and Alamri, K and Almarzouq, F and Alyahyawi, A},
title = {Differences in Clinical, Epidemiological, and Pathological Features of Breast Cancer in the Saudi Population: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Single Institution Study.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {40218035},
issn = {2227-9032},
support = {NA//Research Center at King Fahad Medical City/ ; },
abstract = {Background: In Saudi Arabia, breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, significantly impacting cancer-related morbidity and mortality. The country's unique demographics and rapid socioeconomic development contribute to distinct breast cancer patterns. Objective: To analyze demographic and pathological characteristics of breast cancer with an emphasis on associations between the Ki67 proliferation index, tumor stages, and molecular subtypes. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 294 breast cancer patients from 2013 to 2019, recruited from the Comprehensive Cancer Center at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A one-way ANOVA and logistic regression were used to identify risk factors associated with elevated Ki67 levels. Significance was set at a 95% confidence level. Results: The mean age of patients was 51.58. Among them, 67% were overweight/obese, 21.1% were diabetic, and 17% were hypertensive. Approximately 28.9% of all tumors were classified as T3, 46.9% as Grade III, and 40% as Stage IV. Invasive ductal carcinomas (83.9%) were the most common. ER, PR, and HER2 expression were positive in 63.4%, 54.3%, and 34.9% of patients, respectively, with a high Ki67 index in 50.7%. As compared to Grade I cancer, grade II cancer increased the likelihood of elevated Ki67 by 41 times (p = 0.001), Grade III cancer by 7.43 times (p = 0.001), and Stage IV cancer by 2.26 times (p = 0.03). Conversely, invasive lobular carcinomas and other cancer types were significantly less likely to have high Ki67 levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Elevated Ki67 appeared to predict higher tumor grades and certain molecular subtypes cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40214389,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, W and Lohia, S and Agrawal, A and Yadav, V},
title = {A rare case of synchronous cervical squamous cell carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma of breast.},
journal = {Journal of cancer research and therapeutics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {281-283},
doi = {10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2653_23},
pmid = {40214389},
issn = {1998-4138},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis/therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology/diagnosis ; *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/diagnosis/therapy ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnosis/therapy ; },
abstract = {Multiple primary neoplasms in the same patient can be of synchronous and metachronous types and are related to common etiologies and common genetic factors. We present a case report of 56-year-old female with the synchronous primary of breast and cervix and the unique challenges we faced in the management. Breast and cervical malignancies have contrasting risk factors and hence lies the significance of this synchronous presentation. The only identifiable commonality lies in the STK gene. We also present a review of the literature regarding similar presentations and a discussion on the possible source of origin of such a unique scenario.},
}

Humans
Female
*Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis/therapy
Middle Aged
*Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology/diagnosis
*Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/diagnosis/therapy
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnosis/therapy

@article {pmid40213483,
year = {2024},
author = {Garcia-Peiro, JI and Guerrero-López, P and Hornos, F and Hueso, JL and Garcia-Aznar, JM and Santamaria, J},
title = {The Pattern of Copper Release in Copper-Based Nanoparticles Regulates Tumor Proliferation and Invasiveness in 3D Culture Models.},
journal = {Small science},
volume = {4},
number = {12},
pages = {2400206},
pmid = {40213483},
issn = {2688-4046},
abstract = {Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a major challenge in oncology due to its highly invasive nature and limited treatment options. GBM's aggressive migration beyond tumor margins and rapid tumor growth hinders success in patient treatment. Localized therapeutic delivery, such as the use of transition metals like copper, is highlighted as a novel therapeutic agent for many potential biomedical applications. Herein, it is aimed to study the effects of Cu release on the proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells. To this end, novel copper-based nanostructures with different release patterns are designed. Using a complex 3D cell culture model to mimic the tumor microenvironment, it is shown that different patterns of copper ion release have a strong impact on GBM progression and invasiveness. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing localized copper release patterns to tailor different tumor treatment strategies. They also show the potential and suitability of 3D microchips as instruments to study the behavior of tumor spheroids. In spite of their limitations, these 3D microdevices enable a controlled and close monitoring of the influence of environmental factors (such as the presence of Cu ions) on the proliferation and invasiveness of the cells, with a better approach to reality compared to 2D models and with a more controlled environment, compared to an in vivo model.},
}

@article {pmid40209948,
year = {2025},
author = {-M Fan, TW and Yan, J and Goncalves, CFL and Islam, JMM and Lin, P and Kaddah, MMY and Higashi, RM and Lane, AN and Wang, X and Zhu, C},
title = {Patient-derived organotypic tissue cultures as a platform to evaluate metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer patients.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108495},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108495},
pmid = {40209948},
issn = {1083-351X},
abstract = {Patient-derived organotypic tissue cultures (PD-OTC) are unique models for probing cancer metabolism and therapeutic responses. They retain patient tissue architectures/ microenvironments that are difficult to recapitulate while affording comparison of cancer (CA) versus matched non-cancer (NC) tissue responses to treatments. We have developed a long-term culturing method for fresh and cryopreserved PD-OTC of breast cancer patients bearing invasive ductal carcinoma. Five PD-OTC came from patients with treatment-naïve primary ER[+]/PR[+]/HER2[-] tumors while one came from a patient with neoadjuvant therapy for locally metastatic ER[low]/PR[-]/HER2[-] tumor. They all exhibited tissue outgrowth in one month with some CA OTC harboring isolatable organoids and fibroblasts. We interrogated reprogrammed metabolism in CA versus paired NC OTC with dual [2]H7-glucose/[13]C5,[15]N2-Gln tracers coupled with Stable Isotope-Resolved Metabolomic analysis. We noted variable activation of glycolysis, cataplerotic/anaplerotic Krebs cycle including reductive carboxylation, the pentose phosphate pathway, riboneogenesis, gluconeogenesis (GNG), de novo and salvage synthesis of purine/pyrimidine nucleotides, and ADP-ribosylation in CA PD-OTC. Altered metabolic activities were in part accountable by expression changes in key enzymes measured by Reverse Phase Protein Array profiling. Notably, Gln-fueled GNG products were preferentially diverted to support purine nucleotide synthesis. When blocking this novel process with an inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (3-mercaptopicolinic acid or 3-MPA), metastatic, ER[low]/PR[-]/HER2[-] CA OTC displayed compromised cellularity, reduced outgrowth, and disrupted growth/survival-supporting metabolism but the matched NC OTC did not. Thus, our PD-OTC culturing method not only promoted understanding of actual patient's tumor metabolism to uncover viable metabolic targets but also enabled target testing and elucidation of therapeutic efficacy.},
}

@article {pmid40204585,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, S and Wang, S and Tang, Y and Liu, K and Lin, Z and Song, Y and Wu, F and Jin, Y},
title = {T1 Mapping-Derived Parameters in Breast Lesions: Diagnostic Accuracy and Correlation with Pathologic Features.},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2025.03.029},
pmid = {40204585},
issn = {1878-4046},
abstract = {RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of T1 mapping-derived parameters for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast tumors and their associations with pathologic prognostic indicators in invasive breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent breast surgery and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T1 mapping, between August 2023 and March 2024 were prospectively included. T1 parameters, including lesion T1 values before and after contrast agent injection (T10, T1c), reduction in T1 value (ΔT1), ratio of reduction (ΔT1%), extracellular volume fractions (ECVs), and ADC values were compared between benign and malignant breast lesions. The classification effect was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the correlation between MRI parameters and each prognostic indicator in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was analyzed via Spearman correlation.

RESULTS: The ROC curves revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the ECV was slightly larger than that of the ADC (0.90 [95% CI: 0.84-0.95] vs 0.89 [95% CI: 0.83-0.94]). The combined diagnostic model of all parameters had the highest AUC (0.95 [95% CI: 0.90-0.98]). In IDC, ECV was positively correlated with the expression of estrogen receptor (r = 0.449, P < .001) and progesterone receptor (r = 0.433, P < .001) and negatively correlated with Ki-67 protein expression (r = -0.407, P < .001). No correlation was found between the ADC values and prognostic indicators.

CONCLUSION: T1 parameters can effectively differentiate benign and malignant breast lesions and have potential utility in predicting tumor invasiveness.},
}

@article {pmid40203054,
year = {2025},
author = {Trombley, J and Rakozy, AI and McClear, CA and Jash, E and Csankovszki, G},
title = {Condensin IDC, DPY-21, and CEC-4 maintain X chromosome repression in C. elegans.},
journal = {PLoS genetics},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {e1011247},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1011247},
pmid = {40203054},
issn = {1553-7404},
abstract = {Dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis elegans equalizes X-linked gene expression between XX hermaphrodites and XO males. The process depends on a condensin-containing dosage compensation complex (DCC), which binds the X chromosomes in hermaphrodites to repress gene expression by a factor of 2. Condensin IDC and an additional five DCC components must be present on the X during early embryogenesis in hermaphrodites to establish dosage compensation. However, whether the DCC's continued presence is required to maintain the repressed state once established is unknown. Beyond the role of condensin IDC in X chromosome compaction, additional mechanisms contribute to X-linked gene repression. DPY-21, a non-condensin IDC DCC component, is an H4K20me2/3 demethylase whose activity enriches the repressive histone mark, H4 lysine 20 monomethylation, on the X chromosomes. In addition, CEC-4, a protein that tethers H3K9me3-rich chromosomal regions to the nuclear lamina, also contributes to X-linked gene repression. To investigate the necessity of condensin IDC during the larval and adult stages of hermaphrodites, we used the auxin-inducible degradation system to deplete the condensin IDC subunit DPY-27. While DPY-27 depletion in the embryonic stages resulted in lethality, DPY-27 depleted larvae and adults survive. In these DPY-27 depleted strains, condensin IDC was no longer associated with the X chromosome, the X became decondensed, and the H4K20me1 mark was gradually lost, leading to X-linked gene derepression (about 1.4-fold). These results suggest that the stable maintenance of dosage compensation requires the continued presence of condensin IDC. A loss-of-function mutation in cec-4, in addition to the depletion of DPY-27 or the genetic mutation of dpy-21, led to even more significant increases in X-linked gene expression (about 1.7-fold), suggesting that CEC-4 helps stabilize repression mediated by condensin IDC and H4K20me1.},
}

@article {pmid40201601,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, KJ and Choi, YY and Choi, SJ and Bae, MS},
title = {Primary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma of the Breast with Synchronous Contralateral Invasive Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology},
volume = {86},
number = {2},
pages = {272-278},
pmid = {40201601},
issn = {2951-0805},
abstract = {Primary breast lymphoma is a rare malignant breast tumor, accounting for <1% of all breast cancers. Among them, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common histologic subtype. However, primary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is less common and more indolent than diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and primary MALT lymphoma of the breast is extremely rare. We report a case of bilateral breast cancer in a 62-year-old woman with primary MALT lymphoma in right braest and contralateral invasive breast cancer in left breast. The patient presented with a palpable right breast lump, which appeared as a noncalcified mass on mammography and an indistinct irregular hypoechoic mass with internal vascularity on breast ultrasonography. The mass was pathologically confirmed by excisional biopsy as primary MALT lymphoma. The patient underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI, which additionally detected a small suspicious mass in the left breast. This was a clinically and mammographically occult breast cancer diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma.},
}

@article {pmid40201022,
year = {2025},
author = {Zafar, M and Krishnakumar, M and Reddy, A},
title = {Impact of Early Testing and Analysis of Germline Genetic Mutation in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Single Institution Experience.},
journal = {Journal of cancer prevention},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {41-46},
pmid = {40201022},
issn = {2288-3649},
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, with germline mutations in high-penetrance genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2, and moderate-penetrance genes such as CHEK2 and ATM contributing majorly to the onset of the same. Universal germline genetic testing offers an avenue to improve early identification and develop appropriate management guidelines. Our retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 525 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients at Mercy Hospital Fort Smith from January 2020 to December 2023. Patients underwent germline genetic testing using next-generation sequencing panels irrespective of family history of cancer. Details on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and genetic test results were collected and analyzed. The median age at diagnosis of patients was 66, with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) being the major subtype (66%). CHEK2 mutations were the most common pathogenic mutations (9 patients), followed by BRCA1 and MUTYH (6 each). Pathogenic mutations were more prevalent in patients over 60 years (63%). Germline mutations were identified more frequently in IDC than in ductal carcinoma in situ. Among patients with germline mutations, there was a significant drift toward mastectomy over breast-conserving surgery. Universal germline genetic testing identified pathogenic mutations in a significant proportion of breast cancer patients, especially among the older patient population. The findings further emphasize the importance of integrating universal genetic testing into routine care to guide surgical and risk-reduction management protocols effectively. Further research is needed to regularize genetic testing in similar patients.},
}

@article {pmid40198909,
year = {2025},
author = {Jin, Y and Zhao, M and Su, T and Fan, Y and Ouyang, Z and Lv, F},
title = {Comparing Random Survival Forests and Cox Regression for Nonresponders to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Among Patients With Breast Cancer: Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {e69864},
doi = {10.2196/69864},
pmid = {40198909},
issn = {1438-8871},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/mortality/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. Patients who do not achieve a pathological complete response (pCR) or a clinical complete response (cCR) post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) typically have a worse prognosis compared to those who do achieve these responses.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop and validate a random survival forest (RSF) model to predict survival risk in patients with breast cancer who do not achieve a pCR or cCR post-NAC.

METHODS: We analyzed patients with no pCR/cCR post-NAC treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2019 to 2023, with external validation in Duke University and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cohorts. RSF and Cox regression models were compared using the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC), the concordance index (C-index), and risk stratification.

RESULTS: The study cohort included 306 patients with breast cancer, with most aged 40-60 years (204/306, 66.7%). The majority had invasive ductal carcinoma (290/306, 94.8%), with estrogen receptor (ER)+ (182/306, 59.5%), progesterone receptor (PR)- (179/306, 58.5%), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)+ (94/306, 30.7%) profiles. Most patients presented with T2 (185/306, 60.5%), N1 (142/306, 46.4%), and M0 (295/306, 96.4%) staging (TNM meaning "tumor, node, metastasis"), with 17.6% (54/306) experiencing disease progression during a median follow-up of 25.9 months (IQR 17.2-36.3). External validation using Duke (N=94) and SEER (N=2760) cohorts confirmed consistent patterns in age (40-60 years: 59/94, 63%, vs 1480/2760, 53.6%), HER2+ rates (26/94, 28%, vs 935/2760, 33.9%), and invasive ductal carcinoma prevalence (89/94, 95%, vs 2506/2760, 90.8%). In the internal cohort, the RSF achieved significantly higher time-dependent AUCs compared to Cox regression at 1-year (0.811 vs 0.763), 3-year (0.834 vs 0.783), and 5-year (0.810 vs 0.771) intervals (overall C-index: 0.803, 95% CI 0.747-0.859, vs 0.736, 95% CI 0.673-0.799). External validation confirmed robust generalizability: the Duke cohort showed 1-, 3-, and 5-year AUCs of 0.912, 0.803, and 0.776, respectively, while the SEER cohort maintained consistent performance with AUCs of 0.771, 0.729, and 0.702, respectively. Risk stratification using the RSF identified 25.8% (79/306) high-risk patients and a significantly reduced survival time (P<.001). Notably, the RSF maintained improved net benefits across decision thresholds in decision curve analysis (DCA); similar results were observed in external studies. The RSF model also showed promising performance across different molecular subtypes in all datasets. Based on the RSF predicted scores, patients were stratified into high- and low-risk groups, with notably poorer survival outcomes observed in the high-risk group compared to the low-risk group.

CONCLUSIONS: The RSF model, based solely on clinicopathological variables, provides a promising tool for identifying high-risk patients with breast cancer post-NAC. This approach may facilitate personalized treatment strategies and improve patient management in clinical practice.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/mortality/pathology
Middle Aged
Adult
Retrospective Studies
*Neoadjuvant Therapy
Proportional Hazards Models
Aged

@article {pmid40190863,
year = {2025},
author = {Sharma, S and Vulasala, SS and Elsherif, S and Sharma, S},
title = {Unusual Presentations of Cancer in the Male Breast.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {e80052},
pmid = {40190863},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast cancer is a frequently diagnosed cancer in women, but the incidence of male breast cancer has also shown an increasing trend. Male and female breast cancers have some similarities, including risk factors and breast symptoms. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast cancer in both males and females. Even though fewer men than women are affected by breast cancer, male breast cancers are diagnosed at a more advanced stage and frequently have worse prognosis than their female counterparts. Through this case series, we are sharing a few unusual presentations of cancers in the male breast. In this case series of three patients, we will discuss the similarities and differences in male and female breast cancer. We aim to highlight the need to identify men at high risk and the importance of investigating any breast symptoms in men promptly.},
}

@article {pmid40189767,
year = {2025},
author = {Kawata, C and Terakawa, H and Kurokawa, Y and Ohe, Y and Mohri, R and Hirata, M and Kitahara, T and Moriyama, H and Kinoshita, J and Kawashima, H and Inaki, N},
title = {[A Case of Advanced Breast Cancer with Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis Complicated by Neurofibromatosis Type 1].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {3},
pages = {255-257},
pmid = {40189767},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/complications/drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Neurofibromatosis 1/complications ; Axilla ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Lymph Node Excision ; },
abstract = {The patient was a 55-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1)since she was young. A 50 mm mass with skin changes was palpated on the outside of the left breast. As a result of a detailed examination of the whole body, invasive ductal carcinoma of Luminal B like was observed, and cT4N1M0, Stage ⅢB left breast cancer was diagnosed. After preoperative chemotherapy, total left mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were performed. NF1 is an autosomal overt inherited disease characterized by multiple neurofibromas and pigment spots. It is called von Recklinghausen disease, and it is said that there are many complications of malignant tumors such as breast cancer, mainly nervous system tumors. In breast cancer complicated by NF1, there is a high rate of diagnosis as advanced cancer due to delayed awareness of breast masses due to unique skin lesions and a tendency to refrain from visiting medical institutions or medical examinations due to latent shame about appearance. In this study, we report 1 case of advanced breast cancer complicated by NF1.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/complications/drug therapy
Middle Aged
*Neurofibromatosis 1/complications
Axilla
Lymphatic Metastasis
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Lymph Node Excision

@article {pmid40189766,
year = {2025},
author = {Mizuyama, Y and Takashima, T},
title = {[A Case of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Developed During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for HER2-Enriched Breast Cancer].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {3},
pages = {252-254},
pmid = {40189766},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/surgery/chemistry ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects ; Aged ; *Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy/etiology ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/surgery ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {In the 1990s, the number of newly registered tuberculosis patients in Japan was about 40,000 per year. It has been gradually decreasing and the number of new patients became 10,235 in 2022 with the incidence rate of 8.2 per 100,000 population. However it is still occasionally encountered even in recent years. Herein, we report a case of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-enriched breast cancer patient developed pulmonary tuberculosis just after finishing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and was successfully treated for both disease simultaneously. A 68 years old woman presented due to right breast mass was diagnosed with hormonal receptor-negative, HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel, trastuzumab and pertuzumab was started. After 12 courses of chemotherapy, CT scan revealed disappearance of the right breast tumor and infiltrating shadow in the left lower lung field. Sputum polymerase chain reaction test for tuberculosis was positive. Anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy was started. Four days after starting isoniazid, partial mastectomy was performed under local anesthesia and radiation therapy for the breast was omitted. There are no signs of recurrence of breast cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis for 5 years. Chemotherapy for breast cancer and premedication with corticosteroid may have inhibited cellular immunity, causing endogenous relapse of tuberculosis.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/surgery/chemistry
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects
Aged
*Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy/etiology
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use/adverse effects
*Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/surgery
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40187959,
year = {2025},
author = {Moustakas, A and Zemah-Shamir, S and Tase, M and Zotos, S and Demirel, N and Zoumides, C and Christoforidi, I and Dindaroglu, T and Albayrak, T and Ayhan, CK and Fois, M and Manolaki, P and Sandor, AD and Sieber, I and Stamatiadou, V and Tzirkalli, E and Vogiatzakis, IN and Zemah-Shamir, Z and Zittis, G},
title = {Corrigendum to "Climate, land use, and other drivers' impacts on island ecosystem services: A global review" [Sci. Total Environ. Volume 973, 10 April 2025, 179147].},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {179244},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179244},
pmid = {40187959},
issn = {1879-1026},
}

@article {pmid40186732,
year = {2025},
author = {Stamey, T and Armel, K and Ju, AW and Chen, S and Navaid, M and Bhatt, A and Larkins, MC},
title = {Treatment outcomes and comparative survival analysis of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40186732},
issn = {1573-2584},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is a rare subset of prostate cancer, for which no consensus treatment guidelines exist. We seek to investigate treatment and survival outcomes for IDC-P in the context of current NCCN guidelines.

METHODS: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was queried to identify patients with intraductal carcinoma of the prostate diagnosed between 2000 and 2020. Cox regression analysis and log-rank comparisons of both overall and cause-specific survival over 5- and 10-year timeframes were conducted.

RESULTS: 945 patients were identified. Cox regression analysis demonstrated treatment with unimodal surgery (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.70, p = 0.005) was associated with decreased 10-year cause-specific survival, while unimodal treatment with radiotherapy was associated with decreased 5- and 10-year overall survival (HR = 2.14, p = 0.025; HR = 2.16, p = 0.005, respectively). Univariate survival subanalysis of treatment regimens demonstrated decreased 5-year cause-specific (p = 0.004) and overall (p = 0.019) survival among patients that received only radiotherapy as treatment. Radical prostatectomy alone was non-inferior to radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy in the context of 10-year overall survival (90% vs 80%; p = 0.58).

CONCLUSION: Differences in both 5- and 10-year overall survival and cause-specific survival were present among patients diagnosed with IDC-P. Treatment with unimodal radiotherapy among patients with IDC-P was associated with decreased survival compared to treatment with radical prostatectomy ± adjuvant radiotherapy, while radical prostatectomy alone was non-inferior to radical prostatectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy. Further research into the risk stratification and optimal treatment of these patients is warranted.},
}

@article {pmid40068648,
year = {2025},
author = {D'Iorio, A and Aiello, EN and Vitale, C and Amboni, M and Verde, F and Silani, V and Ticozzi, N and Ciammola, A and Poletti, B and Santangelo, G},
title = {Diagnostics and Ecological Validity of the Italian Version of the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale.},
journal = {Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-5},
doi = {10.1159/000545090},
pmid = {40068648},
issn = {1421-9824},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the diagnostics and ecological validity of the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) within an Italian cohort of non-demented Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

METHODS: N = 128 non-demented PD patients were administered the PD-CRS, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Functioning Rating Scale (PD-CFRS). Receiver-operating characteristic analyses were performed to explore the diagnostics of both raw and adjusted PD-CRS scores, by operationalizing the positive state as a below-cut-off MoCA score. Correlational analyses were run to test the ecological validity of the PD-CRS against the PD-CFRS.

RESULTS: Both raw and adjusted PD-CRS scores accurately identified patients with a defective MoCA scores (AUC = 0.84-0.85), yielding optimal diagnostics. A cut-off of <73.93, as identified on demographically adjusted PD-CRS scores, yielded the best diagnostics (sensitivity = 0.70; specificity = 0.89; positive and negative predictive values = 0.83 and 0.79; positive and negative likelihood ratios: 6.23 and 0.37: number needed for screening utility: 0.78). The PD-CRS was related to the PD-CFRS (rs = -0.24; p = 0.018).

CONCLUSIONS: The Italian PD-CRS is a diagnostically sound and ecologically valid screener for cognitive impairment in non-demented PD patients.},
}

@article {pmid40186076,
year = {2025},
author = {Khani, S and Topel, H and Kardinal, R and Tavanez, AR and Josephrajan, A and Larsen, BDM and Gaudry, MJ and Leyendecker, P and Egedal, NM and Güller, AS and Stanic, N and Ruppert, PMM and Gaziano, I and Hansmeier, NR and Schmidt, E and Klemm, P and Vagliano, LM and Stahl, R and Duthie, F and Krause, JH and Bici, A and Engelhard, CA and Gohlke, S and Frommolt, P and Gnad, T and Rada-Iglesias, A and Pradas-Juni, M and Schulz, TJ and Wunderlich, FT and Pfeifer, A and Bartelt, A and Jastroch, M and Wachten, D and Kornfeld, JW},
title = {Publisher Correction: Cold-induced expression of a truncated adenylyl cyclase 3 acts as rheostat to brown fat function.},
journal = {Nature metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s42255-025-01292-z},
pmid = {40186076},
issn = {2522-5812},
}

@article {pmid40177147,
year = {2025},
author = {Borges, P and Spencer, HB and Furtado, S and Costa, V and Barbosa, C and Santos, LL},
title = {Breast cancer in Cape Verde: a 24-year retrospective study of clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes at Agostinho Neto University Hospital.},
journal = {Ecancermedicalscience},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {1826},
pmid = {40177147},
issn = {1754-6605},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a significant health concern in Cape Verde, but comprehensive data on its presentation, management and outcomes are limited. This study aims to provide insights into breast cancer patterns in this island nation.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 586 breast cancer patients treated at Agostinho Neto University Hospital in Praia, Cape Verde, from January 2000 to May 2024. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities and survival outcomes were collected and analysed.

RESULTS: The study population comprised 578 (98.6%) females and 8 (1.4%) males. The mean age at diagnosis was 52.1 years (SD 13.6) for females and 70 years (SD 16.7) for males. Stage III was the most common presentation (39.4%). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant histological type. Immunohistochemical analysis in 307 patients revealed 69.4% luminal, 26.1% triple-negative and 4.6% HER2-positive subtypes. Treatment primarily involved surgery combined with chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy, with 33.4% receiving radiotherapy. The median follow-up was 36.5 months (range: 1-298 months), and the median survival time was 137.1 months.

CONCLUSION: This study reveals breast cancer patterns in Cape Verde that share similarities with other African nations, including younger age at diagnosis and higher rates of late-stage presentation compared to Western countries. However, encouraging trends in survival outcomes and diagnostic capabilities were observed. These findings highlight the need for improved early detection strategies and expanded access to comprehensive treatment modalities, particularly radiotherapy, in Cape Verde.},
}

@article {pmid40172395,
year = {2025},
author = {Kayalı, Fİ and Habiboğlu, R and Aral, İP and Çevik, V and Tezcan, Y},
title = {Breast cancer radiotherapy: analysis of unintended internal mammary node doses and influencing factors.},
journal = {Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)},
volume = {71},
number = {2},
pages = {e20241325},
pmid = {40172395},
issn = {1806-9282},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Lymph Nodes/radiation effects/pathology ; *Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy/pathology ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy requiring ongoing treatment advancements. Radiotherapy is vital for reducing recurrence and improving survival. This study evaluates unintended doses to internal mammary lymph nodes and influencing factors in patients at Ankara Bilkent City Hospital's Radiation Oncology Clinic.

METHODS: We analyzed 44 right-sided breast cancer patients treated with radiotherapy between November 2019 and April 2023. Data on demographics, treatment, and dose-volume histograms were reviewed using various statistical tests.

RESULTS: Median age was 54 years; 88.6% had invasive ductal carcinoma, and 11.4% had ductal carcinoma in situ. Patients received conventional (54.5%) or hypofractionated radiotherapy (45.5%) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy or three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Median internal mammary lymph node volume was 7.3 cc with dose variability. Internal mammary lymph nodes V45 dose showed no correlation with internal mammary lymph nodes volume, radiotherapy field, pT stage, or pN stage. However, the nodal stage significantly impacted the internal mammary lymph nodes D95 dose, with higher doses in N1 patients. Wider radiotherapy fields led to increased D95 doses.

DISCUSSION: The findings highlight the variability in internal mammary lymph nodes doses and the impact of nodal stage and radiotherapy field on dose distribution. Advanced techniques like intensity-modulated radiotherapy can reduce risks, but careful planning is essential.

CONCLUSION: Understanding internal mammary lymph nodes dose factors can enhance treatment planning and outcomes. Future research should focus on refining guidelines and leveraging technology to improve radiotherapy efficacy.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Lymph Nodes/radiation effects/pathology
*Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods
Adult
Aged
Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy/pathology
Radiotherapy Dosage
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy/pathology
Retrospective Studies
Neoplasm Staging
Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods

@article {pmid40161180,
year = {2025},
author = {Asif, H and Ahmad, U and Ahmad, N and Tahir, A and Bokhari, SW and Ahsan, B},
title = {Therapy-Related B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Series and Literature Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {e79664},
pmid = {40161180},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Therapy-related B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a rare disease associated with poor cytogenetics and inferior survival outcomes. In this case series, we present two cases of B-ALL following treatment for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, respectively, along with a third case of B-ALL arising in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia after treatment. The most common cytogenetic abnormalities observed in these patients were t(9;22) and monosomy 7. This case series underscores the importance of recognizing therapy-related B-ALL as a distinct clinical entity, which plays a crucial role in ALL risk classification and the long-term management of both solid and hematologic cancer survivors.},
}

@article {pmid40160884,
year = {2025},
author = {Sugimura, N and Takao, S and Okamoto, A and Miyashita, M and Chayahara, N and Takahashi, T and Sanada, H and Kanata, N and Katayama, N},
title = {Co-occurrence of breast cancer and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1.},
journal = {International cancer conference journal},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {177-184},
pmid = {40160884},
issn = {2192-3183},
abstract = {Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have an increased risk of developing breast cancer and other malignancies. During the search for breast cancer metastases in NF1 patients, there is a substantial probability of detecting malignancies other than breast cancer. We present a case of an 80-year-old woman with NF1 who was diagnosed with both invasive ductal carcinoma of the luminal-HER2 type in the breast and a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of the liver. After noticing a lump in her right breast for 2 months, further examination confirmed breast cancer with metastases to the right axillary lymph nodes. A whole-body contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed large hepatic tumors initially suspected to be metastases from breast cancer. However, given the patient's underlying NF1, an ultrasound-guided liver biopsy was performed, which confirmed the diagnosis of MPNST. The patient had a history of surgical resection for the MPNST in the forearm. Due to the high metastatic potential of MPNST, the liver tumors were diagnosed as metastases of the MPNST. She declined chemotherapy for MPNST and is currently receiving endocrine therapy alone for breast cancer. It is necessary to acknowledge the predisposition of patients with NF1 to develop various tumors throughout the body. When performing a systemic evaluation for breast cancer in NF1 patients, any detected lesions should be thoroughly investigated for potential malignancies other than breast cancer metastasis. Biopsy and pathological examinations are useful to ensure an accurate differential diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid40160864,
year = {2025},
author = {Szychta, P},
title = {Breast-Sharing for Post-Mastectomy Reconstruction: Innovations in Aesthetic Symmetry, Surgical Safety, and Oncological Precision.},
journal = {Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {22925503251327929},
doi = {10.1177/22925503251327929},
pmid = {40160864},
issn = {2292-5503},
abstract = {Background: Breast-sharing is an innovative reconstructive approach that combines contralateral reduction mammaplasty with autologous breast reconstruction. This method repurposes tissue typically discarded during reduction mammaplasty to restore post-mastectomy symmetry while minimizing donor site morbidity and preserving oncological safety. Case Presentation: A 46-year-old woman with a significant asymmetry following a left mastectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma (pT2N0M0, ER+, PR+) and adjuvant radiotherapy was treated with a breast-sharing procedure. Preoperative imaging confirmed a robust third intercostal internal mammary artery perforator (IMAP) as the flap's vascular pedicle. The procedure included contralateral reduction mammaplasty, harvest of a glandulocutaneous IMAP flap, and its transposition to the mastectomy site. A subcutaneous tunnel facilitated flap transfer, achieving symmetry and natural contour. In the second case, a 50-year-old female with Stage II invasive ductal carcinoma and significant contralateral breast hypertrophy underwent a breast-sharing procedure utilizing autologous tissue from the contralateral breast, achieving improved symmetry, no disease recurrence, and high patient satisfaction during follow-up. Results: In the first case, postoperative monitoring identified venous congestion at the distal flap tip, successfully managed with medicinal leeches and minor debridement. Over 8 years of follow-up, the patient exhibited no recurrence or contralateral breast cancer. Esthetic outcomes were excellent, with natural projection and texture. In the second case, recovery was uneventful, with no cancer recurrence in the follow-up period of 1 year. Conclusion: Breast-sharing offers a transformative, safe, and effective reconstructive option for select post-mastectomy patients with contralateral hypertrophy, encouraging broader application of this innovative technique.},
}

@article {pmid40160190,
year = {2025},
author = {Shin, YD and Choi, YJ},
title = {Successful Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Accessory Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Journal of medical cases},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {107-113},
doi = {10.14740/jmc5094},
pmid = {40160190},
issn = {1923-4163},
abstract = {Primary breast cancer occurring in accessory breast tissue is exceptionally rare, with an incidence of 0.2-0.6%. It can aggressively progress, often leading to early metastasis. Treatment is typically delayed due to the rarity, variety of differentials, and lack of clinical awareness of the disease. In axillary surgery, sentinel lymph node mapping in patients with axillary breast cancer is technically challenging and has been poorly described. Here, we present a case of a 53-year-old woman with a 0.5 × 1 cm hard lump in the right axillary region for 2 years, progressive growth for 6 months, and no concomitant breast lesion or axillary lymphadenopathy. Core needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negativity, whereas mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging revealed no primary breast lesions. She was diagnosed with invasive cancer arising from an accessory breast and underwent wide total excision of the right accessory breast and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Sentinel lymph node biopsy can be successfully performed using intratumoral dye and subareolar radiocolloid mapping in accessory breast cancer surgery. Axillary accessory breast tissue is outside the scope of the screening breast examination; therefore, oncologists must be aware of this entity and associated pathologies.},
}

@article {pmid40158494,
year = {2025},
author = {Taji, T and Kumamaru, H and Kataoka, Y and Iijima, K and Suwa, H and Ishiguro, H and Taira, N and Ishida, T and Saji, S},
title = {Comparison of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for operable triple-negative breast cancer before the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective study from the Japanese National Clinical Database-Breast Cancer Registry.},
journal = {Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)},
volume = {81},
number = {},
pages = {104460},
doi = {10.1016/j.breast.2025.104460},
pmid = {40158494},
issn = {1532-3080},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: While neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is recommended for stage II-III triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), its equivalence to adjuvant chemotherapy (AdjC) has been questioned based on a retrospective study using the National Cancer Database in the United States, which lacked adjustment for important covariates. Given the unlikelihood of new randomized trials being conducted, well-designed, large-scale, retrospective studies are needed.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed operable TNBC patients from the Japanese National Clinical Database- Breast Cancer Registry (2012-2016). Inclusion criteria were clinical stage I-IIIB, estrogen receptor (ER) < 10 %, progesterone receptor (PgR) < 10 %, and HER2-negative. We excluded patients with carcinoma in situ, cT4a/T4c/T4d, cN3, cM1, bilateral breast cancer, male, non-epithelial tumor, no chemotherapy, no surgery and no follow-up. Primary and secondary outcomes of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared between NAC and AdjC using Cox proportional Hazard regression among the exact matched cohort based on age, BMI, cT, cN, histology, ER/PgR positivity, chemotherapy regimen, breast operative technique, radiotherapy, and institution size.

RESULTS: Among 9,000 AdjC and 5,520 NAC patients, 3,256 matched cases were compared. OS and RFS were significantly worse for patients with NAC (Hazard Ratio 1.45 (95 % confidence interval 1.26-1.68) and 1.33 (1.19-1.49), respectively), particularly in patients <65 years, with stage II-IIIB, and with invasive ductal carcinoma.

CONCLUSION: Patients with NAC had worse prognosis, possibly due to unadjusted confounders. Although the availability of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) limits the clinical impact, the result could provide supplemental insights for treatment decisions in patients who are not candidates for ICIs.},
}

@article {pmid40156779,
year = {2024},
author = {Arinola, G and Onifade, AA and Adigun, K and Oshingbesan, MB},
title = {Review of immune-metabolic studies and re-purposed treatments of Nigerian COVID-19 patients: A pointer to mild, gender- and age-based status of admitted patients.},
journal = {Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria},
volume = {39},
number = {2},
pages = {177-183},
doi = {10.54548/njps.v39i2.2},
pmid = {40156779},
issn = {0794-859X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/epidemiology ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Age Factors ; Female ; Male ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Sex Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; },
abstract = {When Severe Acute Respiratory human Coronavirus 2 (SARS-hCOV 2) infection began in December 2019, detailed knowledge about the virus was lacking. This included non-availability of anti-viral treatment or vaccine, no knowledge of virus-human interaction, and lack of prognostic factors for stages of illness among others. A publication in Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences (2020). 35: 20-25 titled "Immune Responses During Human Coronavirus Infection: Suggestions For Future Studies" adduced investigations into immune parameters of COVID-19 patients so as to throw more light on the immunopathogenesis of SAR-CoV-2 infection, in order to create avenue for the development of vaccines or herd immunity. This present publication is a review of studies carried out on COVID-19 patients in one Infectious Diseases Center (I.D.C), Ibadan, Nigeria as a response to the gaps in knowledge raised in above mentioned publication. Cummulatively, immune-metabolic studies from this IDC revealed mild, age- and sex-dependent status of COVID-19 in patients admitted into this center. Thus, explaining the basis for the effectiveness of adopted re-purposed drugs (chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, zinc, vitamins C and D and or antibiotics), physiotherapy and nutritional support used for the management of admitted COVID-19 patients. Also, this paper vindicated that inflammation was heightened during SARS-CoV 2 infection; therefore therapeutic interventions to control the inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, antibodies against structural and non-structural proteins or blocks receptor sites were proposed. In addition, development of herd immunity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines (Astrazeneca and Moderna) were elucidated in general population. However, study to determine host genetic factors in hCoV infection was lacking. This review concluded that interdisciplinary collaborative approach will be useful in the management of future emerging or re-emerging infection.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/epidemiology
Nigeria/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Age Factors
Female
Male
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Sex Factors
Severity of Illness Index

@article {pmid40151274,
year = {2025},
author = {Kondo, S and Oura, S and Honda, M},
title = {Breast cancer with medullary features shows a fast and plateau enhancement pattern on magnetic resonance images: A case report.},
journal = {Radiology case reports},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {2719-2722},
pmid = {40151274},
issn = {1930-0433},
abstract = {An 80-year-old woman with a left breast mass was referred to our department. Mammography showed an oval mass, 2.5cm in size, with circumscribed margins in her left breast. Ultrasound showed an oval tumor with circumscribed margins, heterogenous internal echoes including numerous punctate hyperechoic foci, and posterior echo enhancement. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the tumor showed low and high signal intensity on T1-weighted images and on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images, respectively. Kinetic curve assessment of the tumor showed a fast and plateau pattern. After the pathological confirmation of malignant cells, the patient underwent mastectomy and sentinel node biopsy. Postoperative pathological study showed that atypical cells formed irregularly arranged papillary nests and grew in a medullary fashion accompanied by massive lymphocyte infiltration, leading to the diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma with medullary features (IDCMF). Immunostaining showed that the tumor had a triple negative phenotype and a high Ki-67 labelling index of 52%. In conclusion, breast diagnostic physicians should note that IDCsMF show a fast and plateau enhancement pattern on MRI kinetic curve assessment. Furthermore, the presence of punctate hyperechoic foci in the tumor can be useful in distinguishing IDCsMF from medullary breast carcinomas.},
}

@article {pmid40150055,
year = {2025},
author = {Verzemnieks, K and Tumelkans, R and Strautmane, S and Kalejs, VR and Valeinis, E and Dolgopolova, J and Tone, T and Balodis, A},
title = {Ruptured Intracranial Dermoid Cyst with Fat Dissemination: A Clinical Case Mimicking an Epidermoid Cyst and Review of the Literature.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40150055},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Background and Clinical Significance: Intracranial dermoid cysts (IDCs) are rare benign congenital intracranial lesions. In the case of IDC rupture, these lesions may manifest clinically. Cysts may be visualized on non-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), facilitating discussions between clinicians and radiologists to determine cyst content and potential dissemination in cases of rupture. This case report describes an IDC rupture presenting as fat-containing lesions in the subarachnoid space and ventricular system, resembling a subarachnoid hemorrhage on MRI. Case Presentation: A thirty-two-year-old Caucasian male patient was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent headaches and visual impairment that began at the age of thirty-one. MRI revealed a lesion radiologically consistent with a ruptured dermoid or epidermoid cyst in the anterior fossa with a mass effect on the optic nerve intracranial segments, the chiasma opticum, and proximal optic tracts. The patient underwent a successful neurosurgical resection of the lesion, and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of a dermoid cyst. The postoperative period was uneventful. MRI follow-up revealed residual tissue of the IDC without any volume increase. Multiple punctate fat-containing lesions were noted, similar to previous MRIs. The patient reported no complaints at discharge. Follow-up MRI imaging demonstrated no recurrence or progression of the dermoid cyst at 4 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Conclusions: IDC rupture is a rare event that may present clinically and appear as a blooming artifact on MRI, mimicking subarachnoid hemorrhage. Fat-containing lesions in the subarachnoid space and ventricular system can demonstrate findings indicative of an IDC rupture. MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values may mimic an epidermoid cyst, a phenomenon rarely described in the literature, further complicating the diagnostic process.},
}

@article {pmid40149589,
year = {2025},
author = {Alanazi, F and Alsaleh, AA and Alamoudi, MK and Alasiri, A and Haymond, A and Matou-Nasri, S},
title = {Targeting p70S6K1 Inhibits Glycated Albumin-Induced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Invasion and Overexpression of Galectin-3, a Potential Prognostic Marker in Diabetic Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines13030612},
pmid = {40149589},
issn = {2227-9059},
support = {NRC23R/729/11//King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/ ; },
abstract = {Background: There is an urgent need to identify new biomarkers for early diagnosis and development of therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients who have invasive breast cancer (BC). We previously reported the increased activated form of 70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (phospho-p70S6K1) in a triple-negative BC (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231 exposed to glycated albumin (GA) and in invasive ductal carcinoma tissues from T2DM patients, compared to untreated cells and their non-diabetic counterparts, respectively. Objective: We aimed to explore the function of p70S6K1 in GA-promoted TNBC progression. Methods: By employing small interference (si)RNA technology or blocking its kinase activity using its specific pharmacological inhibitor, we monitored cell invasion using Transwell[®] inserts and the expression levels of activated signaling proteins and cancer-related proteins using Western blot. Results: In silico analysis revealed that high mRNA levels of p70S6K1 were associated with an unfavorable prognosis and progression to advanced stages of TNBC in DM patients. The downregulation/blockade of p70S6K1 inhibited GA-promoted MDA-MB-231 cell invasion and the phosphorylation of protein S6 and ERK1/2, the p70S6K1 downstream effector, and the key oncogenic signaling protein, respectively. The suppression of the expression of GA-upregulated cancer proteins, including enolase-2, capping protein CapG, galectin-3, and cathepsin D, was observed after p70S6K1 downregulation/blockade. Further in silico validation analyses revealed increased gene expression of galectin-3 in DM TNBC patients, resulting in poor overall survival and disease-free survival. Conclusions: Targeting p70S6K1 may present a valuable therapeutic strategy, while galectin-3 could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for invasive BC progression in DM patients.},
}

@article {pmid40149336,
year = {2025},
author = {Yoon, KH and Ahn, JH and Kim, JY and Park, HS and Kim, SI and Park, S},
title = {Impact of Axillary Burden on Survival: A Comparative Study of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma and Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in Early-Stage Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers17061002},
pmid = {40149336},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {2024-04-002//Boryung Pharma (South Korea)/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) are the most common breast cancer types. While they differ biologically and pathologically, their association with axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis and survival remains unclear. This study compares the clinical features of ILC and IDC to evaluate ALN surgery considerations for ILC patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 3543 patients who underwent upfront surgery for early breast cancer at Yonsei University Severance Hospital between January 2015 and December 2019. Multivariate logistic regression assessed factors linked to ALN metastasis, while Cox regression identified predictors of recurrence and survival.

RESULTS: Among the patients, 92.1% had IDC and 7.9% had ILC. T2-stage tumors were more prevalent in ILC (31.4% vs. 18.1%, p < 0.001). The rates of ALN metastasis were similar between the groups (IDC: 21.1%, ILC: 24.6%, p = 0.655); however, the presence of more than two metastatic ALNs was more frequent in ILC (9.6% vs. 5.0%, p = 0.004). Factors associated with having >2 metastatic ALNs included histology, suspicious axillary ultrasound, T stage, and lymphovascular invasion. The median follow-up period was 65 months, with no significant differences observed in 8-year recurrence-free survival (ILC: 95.2%, IDC: 94.1%, p = 0.134) or 5-year overall survival (ILC: 97.1%, IDC: 97.4%, p = 0.289).

CONCLUSIONS: ILC features larger tumors and a higher nodal burden but has similar survival rates to IDC with proper treatment. Caution is essential in axillary surgery to avoid underestimating the nodal burden.},
}

@article {pmid40144454,
year = {2025},
author = {Arcanjo, AM and de Souza, AF and de Souza Quedas, EP and de Menezes Correia-Deur, JE and Ferreira, DL and de Almeida Toledo, SP and Lourenço, DM},
title = {Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy: phenotypic variability and penetrance rate in heterozygotes for SLCO2A1 variants.},
journal = {JBMR plus},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {ziaf026},
pmid = {40144454},
issn = {2473-4039},
abstract = {Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHO) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by pathogenic variants (PVs) in HPGD and SLCO2A1 genes whose phenotypes are, respectively, designated as PHOAR1 and PHOAR2. Recently, a dominant inherited form (PHOAD) was identified in SLCO2A1 heterozygotes whose PHO penetrance is widely unknown, and data on phenotype are markedly limited. Our aim was to reveal the penetrance and extend/refine data on phenotype of SLCO2A1 heterozygotes. Both genes were sequenced using Sanger sequencing. The 4 probands had a typical complete form (CF) of PHO. Mean ages at symptom onset and clinical diagnosis were, respectively, 18.5 ± 2.7 (16-22) years and 22 ± 3.4 (18-26) years. They were homozygotes for SLCO2A1 (p.Q188R, p.C420F, p.A176T; p.G104[*]) PVs; 2 were novel variants. We focused on 14 SLCO2A1 heterozygous screened relatives from 3 families: 5 elderly individuals (mean age: 78 ± 6.7 [72-86] years) of the parental generation were affected, 2 by incomplete form (IF) and 3 with isolated digital clubbing (IDC). Combining our 14 carriers and 33 reported so far, the estimated overall PHO penetrance was 70%, being significantly higher in men (83% vs 50%; p = .024) and individuals carrying truncated SLCO2A1 PVs (88% vs 53%; p = .053). In turn, the periostosis penetrance rate in women was 28% (5/18), including our oldest patient (86 years). In the probands, the predominant phenotypes were CF (64%) and IF (36%). Among screened carriers, phenotypes were IDC (41%) followed by IF and fruste form (FF) (28%, each), whereas IDC and FF were the predominant phenotypes in screened men and women, respectively. As a novelty, we uncovered an incomplete penetrance of PHO in SLCO2A1 heterozygotes, with higher rates in elderly individuals, males, and those with truncated PVs. Regarding phenotype, PHO is more pronounced in males, periostosis is likely more frequent in females than previously documented in PHOAR2, and IDC may represent a distinct clinical feature in SLCO2A1 heterozygotes.},
}

@article {pmid40137849,
year = {2025},
author = {Albrecht, H and Herrmann, HJ and Jaensch, P and Zerth, J and Siebler, J and Neurath, MF and Konturek, PC and Zopf, Y},
title = {A national evaluation of the implementation of guideline recommendations towards antibiotic prophylaxis prior to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and jejunostomy tube placement.},
journal = {Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society},
volume = {76},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.26402/jpp.2025.1.06},
pmid = {40137849},
issn = {1899-1505},
mesh = {Humans ; *Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods/standards ; *Gastrostomy/methods/adverse effects ; *Jejunostomy/adverse effects/methods ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Germany ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Enteral Nutrition/methods ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Guideline Adherence ; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) tube placement are standard procedures for artificially administered nutrition support in malnourished patients. However, minor and major complications can occur. Peristomal infections are most common, potentially leading to severe inflammation, hospitalization, and PEG/PEJ removal. Antibiotic prophylaxis is effective in preventing peristomal infections and recommended by current guidelines but does not seem to be systematically used. The present study evaluated the implementation of prophylactic antibiosis in PEG/PEJ placement in clinical routine in Germany. A web-based survey was conducted among hospitals, ambulatory health care centers, and focus practice. In total, 107 participants have finalized the questionnaire. Most participants were from major regional and maximum care facilities (36.4%), basic and standard care facilities (28.0%), as well as university facilities (23.4%). Routine antibiotic prophylaxis for every PEG/PEJ procedure is performed by 42.6%, whereas 13.9% do not apply antibiotic prophylaxis in general, and 23.8% only use it in patients with risk factors for infectious complications. This decision is based on in-house guidelines in 34.0% of participants or national recommendations 20.2%, whereas international guidelines (8.5%) and other recommendations play a minor role (4.3%). Although prophylactic antibiosis in PEG/PEJ placement is effective and recommended by current guidelines, less than half of the sites reported to routinely apply it. Given that these recommendations are based on outdated evidence, updated data is needed, and guideline recommendations need to be re-evaluated accordingly and fully implemented.},
}

Humans
*Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods/standards
*Gastrostomy/methods/adverse effects
*Jejunostomy/adverse effects/methods
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Germany
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Enteral Nutrition/methods
Surveys and Questionnaires
Guideline Adherence
Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control

@article {pmid40134826,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, T and Zhang, Y and Cao, J and Tang, Q and Liang, Y and Zhang, S and Hu, M and Feng, B and Jin, J},
title = {Identification of immune infiltration-related ZNF480 for predicting prognosis in breast cancer.},
journal = {American journal of clinical and experimental immunology},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {1-13},
pmid = {40134826},
issn = {2164-7712},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women with high morbidity and mortality. ZNF480, a member of the KRAB-ZNFs family, correlates with cancer progression. However, its role in the development and progression of breast cancer remains unclear.

METHODS: We utilized transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases of breast cancer patients to investigate the potential pro-cancer role of ZNF480, including differential expression of ZNF480 in breast cancer, prognostic value, clinicopathological features, immune cell infiltration relevance and function enrichment analysis.

RESULTS: Our results indicate that ZNF480 is upregulated in breast cancer and is correlations with survival, clinical stage, race and tumor subtype in breast cancer patients. Additionally, immune infiltration analysis revealed significant negative correlations between ZNF480 expression and multiple tumor infiltrating immune cells, including aDC, B cells, CD8 T cells, Cytotoxic cells, DC, iDC, Macrophages, Neutrophils, NK CD56bright cells, NK CD56dim cells, NK cells, pDC, T cells, Tem, TFH and Th1 cells, whereas a significant positive correlation was observed with the infiltration of T helper cells, Tcm, Tgd and Th2 cells. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis indicated that ZNF480 may be involved in Angiogenesis, Allograft rejection, TNFα signaling via NFκB, Coagulation, IL6 Jak STAT3 signaling, Inflammatory response, Interferon gamma response and other processes.

CONCLUSION: ZNF480 is highly expressed in breast cancer and correlates with immune cell infiltration, and may be a candidate prognostic biomarker, which may assist in breast cancer treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40133928,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, S and Liang, L and Huang, Z and Teng, Y and Xing, W},
title = {Does concomitant ductal carcinoma in situ influence the prognostic outcome after neoadjuvant therapy in triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma?.},
journal = {World journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {101},
pmid = {40133928},
issn = {1477-7819},
support = {2024SF57//Peking University First Hospital Research Seed Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods/mortality ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/mortality ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy/mortality ; Prognosis ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/therapy/mortality/surgery ; Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Survival Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Mastectomy ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is considered a precursor to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and the coexistence of DCIS with IDC is often observed during the diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of study is to investigated the clinicopathological features and prognosis of triple-negative IDC with DCIS following neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). Additionally, we explored the risk factors for residual DCIS in these patients post-NAT.

METHODS: This study included patients with stages II-III triple-negative breast cancer with histologically confirmed IDC who underwent radical surgery after NAT between January 2011 and December 2021. Baseline data, clinical features, pathological outcomes, and prognostic information were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS: A total of 315 patients were enrolled and categorized into the IDC + DCIS (n = 67) and IDC groups (n = 248) according to the composition of the pre-NAT biopsy. The proportion of patients with histological grade G3 (78.2% vs. 61.2%, p = 0.004) and a Ki-67 index > 20% (98.4% vs. 86.6%, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in the IDC group than in the IDC + DCIS group. Although no significant difference was observed in the 5-year overall survival (OS) (93.4% vs. 90.8%, p = 0.298) between the two groups, the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) (90.6% vs. 83.5%, p = 0.041) of the IDC + DCIS group was significantly better than that in the IDC group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that IDC + DCIS (HR: 0.502; 95% CI, 0.284-0.952; p = 0.048) was an independent prognostic factor for DFS. In addition, the clinical T3-T4 stage (OR = 3.891; 95% CI, 1.320-15.219, p = 0.040) and clinical N1-N3 (OR = 4.500; 95% CI, 1.495-13.564, p = 0.012) were independent preoperative predictors of residual DCIS after NAT in patients with IDC and DCIS components.

CONCLUSION: The presence of DCIS component in patients with triple-negative IDC is associated with lower tumor aggressiveness and improved DFS after NAT compared to patients without DCIS. Additionally, clinical T and N stages are risk factors for residual DCIS after NAT in patients with triple-negative IDC and a DCIS component.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods/mortality
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/mortality
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy/mortality
Prognosis
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/therapy/mortality/surgery
Adult
Follow-Up Studies
Survival Rate
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Mastectomy

@article {pmid40125138,
year = {2025},
author = {Debellotte, O and Dookie, RL and Rinkoo, F and Kar, A and Salazar González, JF and Saraf, P and Aflahe Iqbal, M and Ghazaryan, L and Mukunde, AC and Khalid, A and Olumuyiwa, T},
title = {Artificial Intelligence and Early Detection of Breast, Lung, and Colon Cancer: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {e79199},
pmid = {40125138},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing early cancer detection by enhancing the sensitivity, efficiency, and precision of screening programs for breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Deep learning algorithms, such as convolutional neural networks, are pivotal in improving diagnostic accuracy by identifying patterns in imaging data that may elude human radiologists. AI has shown remarkable advancements in breast cancer detection, including risk stratification and treatment planning, with models achieving high specificity and precision in identifying invasive ductal carcinoma. In colorectal cancer screening, AI-powered systems significantly enhance polyp detection rates during colonoscopies, optimizing the adenoma detection rate and improving diagnostic workflows. Similarly, low-dose CT scans integrated with AI algorithms are transforming lung cancer screening by increasing the sensitivity and specificity of early-stage cancer detection, while aiding in accurate lesion segmentation and classification. This review highlights the potential of AI to streamline cancer diagnosis and treatment by analyzing vast datasets and reducing diagnostic variability. Despite these advancements, challenges such as data standardization, model generalization, and integration into clinical workflows remain. Addressing these issues through collaborative research, enhanced dataset diversity, and improved explainability of AI models will be critical for widespread adoption. The findings underscore AI's potential to significantly impact patient outcomes and reduce cancer-related mortality, emphasizing the need for further validation and optimization in diverse healthcare settings.},
}

@article {pmid40129601,
year = {2024},
author = {Harryman, WL and Hinton, JP and Sainz, R and Gard, JMC and Ryniawec, JM and Rogers, GC and Warfel, NA and Knudsen, BS and Nagle, RB and Chipollini, JJ and Lee, BR and Sun, BL and Cress, AE},
title = {Intermediate risk prostate tumors contain lethal subtypes.},
journal = {Frontiers in urology},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40129601},
issn = {2673-9828},
support = {P30 CA023074/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA242226/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {In 2024, prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most common non-skin cancer in males within the United States, with an estimated 299,010 new cases, the highest increase incident trend rate (3.8%) of all cancers, and one of the eight deadliest. PCa cases are projected to double from 1.8 million to 2.9 million per year between 2020 and 2040. According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) treatment guidelines, most cases (65%) are intermediate risk (Gleason sum score <7 [3 + 4, 4 + 3], prostate organ-confined, and PSA < 20) with treatment options limited to active surveillance, external beam radiation, and/or surgery to prevent metastasis in the long term (>10 years). It is increasingly recognized that the two most common subtypes of intermediate risk PCa are cribriform architecture (CA) and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), which can occur together, and both are associated with increased metastatic risk, biochemical recurrence, and disease-specific mortality. Both subtypes display hypoxia, genomic instability, and are identified as Gleason 4 in pathology reports. However, since false negatives are common (up to 50%) in these subtypes on biopsy, more research is needed to reliably detect these subtypes that have an increased risk for invasive disease. We note that even with mpMRI-guided biopsies, the sensitivity is 54% for cribriform architecture and only 37% for IDC-P. The presence of these PCa subtypes in biopsy or radical prostatectomy (RP) tissue can exclude patients from active surveillance and from designation as intermediate risk disease, further underscoring the need for increased molecular understanding of these subtypes for diagnostic purposes. Understanding the heterogeneity of intermediate risk primary PCa phenotypes, using computational pathology approaches to evaluate the fixed biopsy specimen, or video microscopy of the surgical specimen with AI-driven analysis is now achievable. New research associating the resulting phenotypes with the different therapeutic choices and vulnerabilities will likely prevent extracapsular extension, the definition of high-risk disease, and upstaging of the final pathologic stage.},
}

@article {pmid40124964,
year = {2025},
author = {Pan, H and Zhu, L and Xu, J and Ding, M and Lin, H and Chen, Y and Sun, X and He, C and Wei, Q},
title = {Bladder Emptying Strategies, Active Follow-up Adherence and Barriers in Post-Discharge Spinal Cord Injury individuals: A Multiple Center Cross-Sectional Study.},
journal = {Patient preference and adherence},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {623-633},
pmid = {40124964},
issn = {1177-889X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adherence plays a crucial role in the long-term management of chronic conditions, including neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Poor adherence can lead to complications, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare costs.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the post-discharge bladder-emptying practices and adherence to follow-up in SCI individuals with NLUTD, identifying key factors influencing adherence to improve long-term care strategies.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Southwest China from May 1 to September 30, 2023. Online questionnaires were employed to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, bladder emptying methods, active follow-up adherence and related barriers.

RESULTS: Out of 412 fully completed questionnaires, as for bladder-emptying method, 70.15% of respondents opted for clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) as their primary or preferred mode. CIC usage was more prevalent among participants with thoracic and lumbar SCI, while those with cervical SCI demonstrated a higher reliance on indwelling catheterization (IDC) and cystostomy. A significant 63.55% did not engage in regular hospital follow-ups participants with thoracic SCI had the lowest adherence rate (49.79%), followed by lumbar (72.62%) and cervical (77.59%) groups. Preferences for medical consultation were highest for rehabilitation physicians at 65.68%, with neurourologists following at 33.83%. Key barriers to follow-up adherence were identified as the more severity of SCI, lack of disease knowledge, increasing age, and reliance on adult children for care. In contrast, positive predictors of follow-up adherence were ample financial support and previous medical consultation experiences.

CONCLUSION: This study revealed insufficient follow-up adherence among SCI individuals with NLUTD, with CIC emerging as the preferred method for bladder emptying strategy. Age and injury level significantly influenced adherence. To improve long-term management of NLUTD, future initiatives should focus on enhancing health education accessibility, optimizing healthcare services, and providing comprehensive financial support to high-risk groups.},
}

@article {pmid40124702,
year = {2025},
author = {Sahoo, AS and Salman, M and Singh, B and Weston-Petrides, G and Ragad, L and Elayyan, R},
title = {Scout In, Scout out: Savi scout reflector traversing a dilated duct to the nipple in breast cancer localisation-a case report.},
journal = {Oxford medical case reports},
volume = {2025},
number = {3},
pages = {omae196},
doi = {10.1093/omcr/omae196},
pmid = {40124702},
issn = {2053-8855},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Savi scout system is being widely used for localising and excising breast tumours. While the migration of scout reflectors has been documented, this is the first case of a Savi Scout reflector migrating through a dilated duct near the lesion and coming out of the nipple.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old postmenopausal woman with a history of right breast intraductal papilloma which transformed to Grade II Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) has a Savi Scout reflector placed in the tumour. However, it migrated through a dilated duct and emerged at the nipple, causing severe pain. The reflector was then surgically removed, and the patient subsequently underwent wide local excision with skin marker localisation.

CONCLUSION: Anatomical variations such as presence of dilated ducts need to be considered before placing scout reflectors. Appropriate positioning would prevent them from migrating through such ducts avoiding patient discomfort and further procedures for localisation.},
}

@article {pmid40124148,
year = {2025},
author = {Manimaran, P and Shah, A and Gami, A and Gandhi, J and Kakoty, S and Rai, V and Trivedi, PP},
title = {Tumor Budding: A Novel Prognostic Marker in Breast Carcinoma with Correlation of Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Parameters.},
journal = {South Asian journal of cancer},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {38-44},
doi = {10.1055/s-0044-1789582},
pmid = {40124148},
issn = {2278-330X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is a highly heterogenous tumor with different subtypes showing varying prognosis. Tumor budding is an unfavorable histological feature of many epithelial cancers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between tumor bud density with various histological and immunohistochemical characteristics and to explore its prognostic role in breast carcinoma.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 100 patients of breast cancer diagnosed in our institute from January to December 2017. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides from tumors and immunohistochemical slides were reviewed independently by two pathologists, and clinical data were acquired from computerized records. Patients on neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded from the study.

RESULTS: The study comprised 100 patients of invasive breast carcinoma. The median age was 52 years, and 96% were invasive ductal carcinoma. The median follow-up was 34 months. High tumor bud density was substantially correlated with primary tumor staging (T3, T4; 73% [11/15] cases) and lymph node staging (N2, N3; 68% [13/19] cases) with p -values of 0.017 and 0.023, respectively. Systemic metastasis (85% [6/7] cases) was significantly associated with high tumor bud density (p =0.025) but lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and perineural invasion (PNI) were not significantly associated with tumor bud density (p  = 0.762 and 0.862, respectively). Patients with N2 nodal stage had low event-free survival rate than N0/N1 nodal stage irrespective of tumor bud status. Grade 3 tumors with high tumor bud density had worse event-free survival than any other grades. There was no association of tumor bud density with tumor staging, necrosis, PNI, LVI, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and Her2/neu , and event-free survival.

CONCLUSION: Strong relationships have been found between tumor bud density and poor prognostic variables such as primary tumor staging and lymph node staging. These results provide credence to the idea that tumor bud density can be an assessable prognostic feature that should be taken into account while reporting breast cancer cases. Tumor bud density evaluation has to be standardized nevertheless if it is to be widely adopted.},
}

@article {pmid40124146,
year = {2025},
author = {Singh, SP and Thakur, CS and Makhaik, S and Thakur, S and Jhobta, A and Kapila, S and Sharma, N and Aggarwal, N},
title = {Role of Image-Guided Biopsy in Nonpalpable Breast Lesions: A Study in the Sub-Himalayan Region of North India.},
journal = {South Asian journal of cancer},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {53-61},
doi = {10.1055/s-0044-1792007},
pmid = {40124146},
issn = {2278-330X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nonpalpable breast lesions pose a challenge in their early diagnosis. Image-guided biopsy is preferred in these cases so that a pathological diagnosis of breast carcinoma is reached timely for a better prognosis as the disease has an increased chance of successful outcome with early identification and treatment.

OBJECTIVE: The study aims at evaluating the role of stereotactic core needle biopsy (CNB) and percutaneous ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (US-CNB) in diagnosing suspicious nonpalpable breast lesions.

METHODS: Our study included 35 patients with nonpalpable breast lesions and having a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) risk assessment category IV or V on mammography or sonography. These 35 lesions were subjected to percutaneous image-guided (stereotactic or US) biopsy for histopathological analysis.

RESULTS: Out of a total of 35 cases, 17 were pathologically malignant (48.6%), with the most common subtype being invasive ductal carcinoma (82.3%). Twenty-nine cases underwent US-CNB, 16 (55.1%) of which were malignant and 13 (44.8%) were benign on histopathological evaluation (HPE). The remaining six cases, which on mammography showed no mass but suspicious malignant calcification only, were subjected to stereotactic CNB, out of which one (16.6%) was malignant and five (83.3%) were benign on HPE. Hence, the lesions visible on sonography were more likely to be malignant.

CONCLUSION: Sonography and mammography play a complimentary role in detecting breast carcinoma. Percutaneous biopsy under image guidance can be used as an accurate diagnostic alternative to open surgical excisional biopsy to avoid diagnostic delay.},
}

@article {pmid40121795,
year = {2025},
author = {Manti, F and Di Carlo, E and Santagata, S and Giovanniello, T and Angeloni, A and Pisani, F and Pascucci, T and Nardecchia, F and Carducci, C and Leuzzi, V},
title = {The clinical value of peripheral biogenic amine metabolites in early-treated phenylketonuria.},
journal = {Molecular genetics and metabolism},
volume = {145},
number = {1},
pages = {109088},
doi = {10.1016/j.ymgme.2025.109088},
pmid = {40121795},
issn = {1096-7206},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Brain monoamine depletion is a well-established biochemical consequence of phenylketonuria (PKU). Similar alterations are expected in the peripheral biogenic amines (PBA), which share the same metabolic pathway with the brain. The present cross-sectional study explored the potential prognostic value of PBA by examining their relationship with blood Phe and clinical outcomes in early-treated adult PKU patients (ETPKU).

METHOD: 53 ETPKU (age 27.14 ± 8.22 years; 35 female) and 60 age-matched control subjects (age 43 ± 13 years; 43 female) were enrolled in the study. A UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based method was developed to assess 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyhyndolacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD) in different blood-derived matrices. Life-long Index of Dietary Control (IDC), concurrent Phe, and Tyr were other parameters included in the analysis. Clinical outcome measures included IQ, executive functions (BRIEF), and psychiatric morbidity (CBCL/ASR and DSM-5-TR).

RESULTS: 5-HTP, 5-HIAA, and 3-OMD were significantly lower in PKU patients than in controls. 5-HIAA and 3-OMD were negatively correlated with concurrent Phe levels. Concerning outcome measures, IDC influenced IQ and BRIEF-Shift subscale, 5-HIAA BRIEF-Emotional Control, 3-OMD BRIEF-Initiate subscale, and Tyr BRIEF-Control subscale. In contrast, concurrent plasma Phe did not affect any outcome measures.

CONCLUSION: While confirming the negative influence of Phe on PBA in adult ETPKU, mimicking what happens in the brain, we also found an effect of PBA depletion on clinical outcome measures independent of Phe level. This suggests that PBA could serve as new candidate biomarkers for treatment monitoring in adult ETPKU patients.},
}

@article {pmid40119428,
year = {2025},
author = {Fortunato, A and Mallo, D and Cisneros, L and King, LM and Khan, A and Curtis, C and Ryser, MD and Lo, JY and Hall, A and Marks, JR and Hwang, ES and Maley, CC},
title = {Evolutionary measures show that recurrence of DCIS is distinct from progression to breast cancer.},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {43},
pmid = {40119428},
issn = {1465-542X},
support = {U54 CA217376/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; U2C CA233254/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; U54 CA217376/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; BC132057//Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs/ ; ADHS18-198847//Arizona Biomedical Research Commission/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics/pathology ; *Disease Progression ; Middle Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Exome Sequencing ; Adult ; Longitudinal Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Progression from pre-cancers like ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive disease (cancer) is driven by somatic evolution and is altered by clinical interventions. We hypothesized that genetic and/or phenotypic intra-tumor heterogeneity would predict clinical outcomes for DCIS since it serves as the substrate for natural selection among cells.

METHODS: We profiled two samples from two geographically distinct foci from each DCIS in both cross-sectional (n = 119) and longitudinal cohorts (n = 224), with whole exome sequencing, low-pass whole genome sequencing, and a panel of immunohistochemical markers.

RESULTS: In the longitudinal cohorts, the only statistically significant associations with time to non-invasive DCIS recurrence were the combination of treatment (lumpectomy only vs mastectomy or lumpectomy with radiation, HR 12.13, p = 0.003, Wald test with FDR correction), ER status (HR 0.16 for ER+ compared to ER-, p = 0.0045), and divergence in SNVs between the two samples (HR 1.33 per 10% divergence, p = 0.018). SNV divergence also distinguished between pure DCIS and DCIS synchronous with invasive disease in the cross-sectional cohort. In contrast, the only statistically significant associations with time to progression to invasive disease were the combination of the width of the surgical margin (HR 0.67 per mm, p = 0.043) and the number of mutations that were detectable at high allele frequencies (HR 1.30 per 10 SNVs, p = 0.02). No predictors were significantly associated with both DCIS recurrence and progression to invasive disease, suggesting that the evolutionary scenarios that lead to these clinical outcomes are markedly different.

CONCLUSIONS: These results imply that recurrence with DCIS is a clinical and biological process different from invasive progression.},
}

Humans
Female
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics/pathology
*Disease Progression
Middle Aged
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Aged
Cross-Sectional Studies
Exome Sequencing
Adult
Longitudinal Studies

@article {pmid40117386,
year = {2025},
author = {Yamshchikov, AV and Burgoyne, C and Calisir, N and Goins, P and Heffer, T and Munsiff, SS},
title = {Quantifying and Financing the Non-billable Workload of Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy (OPAT) - a Model for Assessing and Supporting Staffing Needs for OPAT Programs.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaf146},
pmid = {40117386},
issn = {1537-6591},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy(OPAT) patients require complex multidisciplinary coordination outside billable visits. Predicting and funding sufficient staff capacity for OPAT programs is poorly understood.

METHODS: OPAT episodes at our center from January 1,2019-December 31,2020 were identified and categorized as requiring therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) or non-TDM. Electronic health record(EHR) ambulatory encounters by Infectious Diseases clinic(IDC) staff from OPAT start to 14 days post-completion, or until study cessation, were extracted and categorized as billable, or non-billable. Weekly registered nurse(RN) time for non-billable tasks, stratified by monitoring acuity, was quantified using time-in-motion studies. RN overextension beyond a 40 hour-week was used to calculate optimal staffing ratios. OPAT monitoring days were converted into projected profit margin attributable to hospitalization avoidance through OPAT program operations.

RESULTS: During 2019-2020, 1,645 OPAT courses were associated with 17,476 EHR IDC encounters; 15,163(87%) were non-billable. TDM episodes were 24.9% by volume, but generated significantly more EHR encounters and workload hours than non-TDM episodes. An optimal ratio of 1 RN to support 436 OPAT episodes per year was derived within local context and monitoring acuity mix. An estimated $83,379,292 in cost savings, or $11,757,596 net revenue from admissions turnover, were attributable to 49,350 hospital bed-days avoided through OPAT.

CONCLUSIONS: A program staffing model was derived from multimethod evaluation of billable and non-billable OPAT activities. Programs seeking to delineate and fund optimal staffing levels may perform similar analyses based on total volume, monitoring acuity of their OPAT panel, alongside a holistic assessment of financial benefits of OPAT to their organization.},
}

@article {pmid40114993,
year = {2025},
author = {Salar, H and Anns, KM and Salar, M and Khan, F and Aman, M and Zafar, U and Ahmad, I and Basharat, S and Murad, R and Salar, K and Anwar, SSM},
title = {From Gut to Gray Matter: A Case Report of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in a Pediatric Patient With Celiac Disease.},
journal = {Clinical case reports},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {e70260},
pmid = {40114993},
issn = {2050-0904},
abstract = {Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a rare neurological condition characterized by vasogenic edema, primarily affecting the posterior cerebral hemispheres. Although typically reversible with prompt treatment, PRES can lead to severe complications if not recognized early. This report presents an unusual and fatal case of PRES in a pediatric patient with celiac disease, a combination that is rarely documented in medical literature. A 9-year-old child with a history of celiac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis presented to the Emergency Room with a two-month history of vomiting and loose stools, accompanied by a recent 20-min seizure. Initial examination revealed pallor, emaciation, drowsiness, and a generalized rash. The patient was tachycardic, hypertensive (blood pressure 150/100 mmHg), and had an oxygen saturation of 65%. Neurological examination showed a glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of 10/15, increased muscle tone, and heightened reflexes. CT and MRI scans revealed intraparenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhages. Despite aggressive management including intubation, antihypertensive therapy, anticonvulsants, and broad-spectrum antibiotics, the patient's condition deteriorated rapidly. Complications included pneumoperitoneum and eventual cardiac arrest, leading to the patient's death. This case highlights the potential for severe, life-threatening complications of PRES in pediatric patients with underlying autoimmune conditions such as celiac disease. It underscores the importance of considering PRES in the differential diagnosis for children with celiac disease presenting with neurological symptoms, even in the absence of typical radiological findings. The case also illustrates the need for further research into the relationship between celiac disease and PRES to improve outcomes in similar cases.},
}

@article {pmid40114895,
year = {2025},
author = {Ahuja, S and Ahluwalia, C},
title = {Comprehensive Analysis of Disease Spectrum in Mastectomy Cases Over a 1-Year Period: An Observational Study.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {159-164},
pmid = {40114895},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy requiring mastectomy for various indications. Understanding the disease spectrum in mastectomy cases is essential for improving patient outcomes and treatment strategies. This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from April 2023 to April 2024. We analyzed records of all patients who underwent mastectomy during this period. Data on demographics, clinical indications, and histopathological findings were extracted and analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative variables, and qualitative variables were presented as numbers and percentages. A total of 184 mastectomy cases were included, with 182 (98.9%) females and two (1.1%) males. The mean age was 42.5 ± 18.8 years. Among the cases, 107 (58.2%) received neoadjuvant therapy. Pathologies included invasive breast carcinoma (65.8%), ductal carcinoma in situ (7.6%), phyllodes tumor (6.5%), and no residual tumor post-neoadjuvant therapy (20.1%). Most invasive breast carcinomas were grade 2 (69.4%) and T2 stage (47.1%), with 69.4% showing nodal involvement. The predominant histological subtype was invasive ductal carcinoma (92.6%). Molecular classifications were luminal B (42.9%), Her2 enriched (26.5%), and triple-negative (16.5%). Phyllodes tumors were benign (33.3%), borderline (25%), and malignant (41.7%). DCIS cases were mostly high nuclear grade (64.3%). This study highlights the diverse spectrum of breast diseases necessitating mastectomy, emphasizing the need for improved screening, early detection, and personalized treatment. Future research should focus on tracking outcomes and exploring factors contributing to this disease spectrum.},
}

@article {pmid40112548,
year = {2025},
author = {Moustakas, A and Zemah-Shamir, S and Tase, M and Zotos, S and Demirel, N and Zoumides, C and Christoforidi, I and Dindaroglu, T and Albayrak, T and Ayhan, CK and Fois, M and Manolaki, P and Sandor, AD and Sieber, I and Stamatiadou, V and Tzirkalli, E and Vogiatzakis, IN and Zemah-Shamir, Z and Zittis, G},
title = {Climate land use and other drivers' impacts on island ecosystem services: A global review.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {973},
number = {},
pages = {179147},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179147},
pmid = {40112548},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Islands are diversity hotspots and vulnerable to environmental degradation, climate variations, land use changes and societal crises. These factors can exhibit interactive impacts on ecosystem services. The study reviewed a large number of papers on the climate change-islands-ecosystem services topic worldwide. Potential inclusion of land use changes and other drivers of impacts on ecosystem services were sequentially also recorded. The study sought to investigate the impacts of climate change, land use change, and other non-climatic driver changes on island ecosystem services. Explanatory variables examined were divided into two categories: environmental variables and methodological ones. Environmental variables include sea zone geographic location, ecosystem, ecosystem services, climate, land use, other driver variables, Methodological variables include consideration of policy interventions, uncertainty assessment, cumulative effects of climate change, synergistic effects of climate change with land use change and other anthropogenic and environmental drivers, and the diversity of variables used in the analysis. Machine learning and statistical methods were used to analyze their effects on island ecosystem services. Negative climate change impacts on ecosystem services are better quantified by land use change or other non-climatic driver variables than by climate variables. The synergy of land use together with climate changes is modulating the impact outcome and critical for a better impact assessment. Analyzed together, there is little evidence of more pronounced effects for a specific sea zone, ecosystem, or ecosystem service. Climate change impacts may be underestimated due to the use of a single climate variable deployed in most studies. Policy interventions exhibit low classification accuracy in quantifying impacts indicating insufficient efficacy or integration in the studies.},
}

@article {pmid40110252,
year = {2025},
author = {Zaiter, M and Naccour, J and Khalil, F and El-Helou, E},
title = {Metaplastic breast carcinoma: a rare and aggressive entity.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {87},
number = {2},
pages = {985-990},
pmid = {40110252},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent malignancy among women globally, encompassing a variety of tumor subtypes with differing biological behaviors, prognoses, and responses to treatment. Among these, invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common, followed by other subtypes such as lobular carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MpBC) is a rare and highly aggressive form of BC, representing less than 2% of cases. Characterized by its heterogeneous nature and poorer prognosis compared to other BC subtypes, MpBC often presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

CASE DESCRIPTION: We present the case of a 70-year-old woman who presented to our breast care clinic with right mastodynia following a recent trauma. She reported a palpable retro-areolar mass in the right breast that had increased in size over several years and was associated with calcifications. Imaging studies, including mammography and ultrasound, revealed a 3-cm irregular, heavily calcified mass with indistinct borders. Histological analysis of a biopsy confirmed metaplastic carcinoma with chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma elements, high histological grade, and lymphovascular involvement. The patient underwent successful tumor excision with sentinel lymph node removal. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were planned based on a multidisciplinary team's recommendations.

DISCUSSION: MpBC typically presents as a palpable, irregular mass that may exhibit rapid growth or changes, often complicating its differentiation from other breast malignancies. Standard imaging techniques like mammography and ultrasound may fail to clearly distinguish MpBC from other tumors, leading to potential misdiagnosis. The heterogeneous nature of MpBC, with both epithelial and mesenchymal components, poses additional challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Although MpBC is generally more aggressive and less responsive to conventional therapies compared to IDC, recent analyses suggest that, when adjusted for confounding factors, survival outcomes for MpBC may align more closely with those of aggressive IDC subtypes. Current treatment strategies include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, with emerging targeted therapies offering potential for improved outcomes.

CONCLUSION: MpBC remains a rare and challenging BC subtype with a typically poor prognosis. Our case highlights the diagnostic difficulties and the aggressive nature of MpBC. Despite its severe clinical features and histological grades, survival outcomes for MpBC may be comparable to those of aggressive IDC subtypes when appropriate treatment adjustments are made. Continued research into targeted therapies and novel treatment approaches is essential to enhance management strategies and improve outcomes for patients with MpBC.},
}

@article {pmid40109539,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, J and Arroyo, J and Lediju Bell, MA},
title = {Multispectral photoacoustic imaging of breast cancer tissue with histopathology validation.},
journal = {Biomedical optics express},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {995-1005},
pmid = {40109539},
issn = {2156-7085},
abstract = {Intraoperative multispectral photoacoustic pathology assessment presents a promising approach to guide biopsy resection. In this study, we developed and validated a novel photoacoustic technique to differentiate between healthy and cancerous tissues. Our method consisted of photoacoustic contrast calculations as a function of wavelength, followed by projections of the resulting spectra from training data into a two-dimensional space using principal component analysis to create representative spectra, then calculation of the average cosine similarity between the spectrum of each pixel in test data and the representative spectra. The test healthy tissue region had a 0.967 mean correlation with the representative healthy tissue spectrum and a lower mean correlation (0.801) with the cancer tissue spectrum. The test cancer tissue region had a 0.954 mean correlation with the cancer tissue spectrum and a lower mean correlation (0.762) with the healthy tissue spectrum. Our method was further validated through qualitative comparison with high-resolution hematoxylin and eosin histopathology scans. Healthy tissue was primarily correlated with the optical absorption of blood (i.e., deoxyhemoglobin), while invasive ductal carcinoma breast cancer tissue was primarily correlated with the optical absorption of lipids. Our label-free histopathology approach utilizing multispectral photoacoustic imaging has the potential to enable real-time tumor margin determination during biopsy or surgery.},
}

@article {pmid40108012,
year = {2025},
author = {Eom, HJ and Choi, WJ and Sun, YJ and Kim, HJ and Chae, EY and Shin, HJ and Cha, JH and Kim, HH},
title = {Preoperative breast MRI in HER2-positive/hormone receptor-negative breast cancer: surgical outcomes using propensity score matching.},
journal = {European radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40108012},
issn = {1432-1084},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical outcomes in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive/hormone receptor (HR)-negative breast cancer through a propensity score (PS)-matched analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with HER2-positive/HR-negative invasive ductal carcinoma between 2007 and 2014 were retrospectively assessed and compared according to whether they underwent preoperative MRI. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) analysis and PS matching were used to adjust 17 covariates to control between the MRI and no-MRI groups. Surgical outcomes were compared between two groups and clinicopathologic variables were evaluated to determine who benefited from MRI.

RESULTS: Among 965 women (mean age ± standard deviation, 52 years ± 10), 423 (44%) underwent preoperative MRI and 542 (56%) did not. In the MRI group, a change in surgical management occurred in 48 patients (11%), and the change was appropriate in 31 of those patients (65%). The MRI group had a lower odds of initial mastectomy (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47, 0.84; p = 0.002 and OR, 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.92; p = 0.01 for IPW and PS matching, respectively) and overall mastectomy (OR, 0.60; 95% [CI]: 0.45, 0.80; p = 0.001 and OR, 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.93; p = 0.02 for IPW and PS matching, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, asymptomatic patients or those with multifocal or multicentric lesions benefited more from MRI (61% vs 36%, p = 0.006 and 52% vs 31%, p = 0.02, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Patients with HER2-positive/HR-negative breast cancer who received preoperative MRI had a lower likelihood of undergoing mastectomy.

KEY POINTS: Question The role of preoperative MRI in predicting surgical outcomes in patients with HER2-positive/HR-negative breast cancer remains uncertain. Findings Preoperative MRI in HER2-positive/HR-negative breast cancer reduces mastectomy rates without increasing the positive resection margin or reoperation rate. Clinical relevance Preoperative MRI is beneficial in reducing mastectomy rates in women with HER2-positive/HR-negative breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40104919,
year = {2025},
author = {Sheikh, F and Fineberg, S and Laurini, J and Lanjewar, S},
title = {Loss of Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) Expression Can be Seen in Significant Proportion of Solid Papillary Carcinoma of Breast and Associated Invasive Component.},
journal = {Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/PAI.0000000000001256},
pmid = {40104919},
issn = {1533-4058},
support = {N/A//None/ ; },
abstract = {ABSTRACT: Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) is a marker of epithelial differentiation and is positive in >90% of breast carcinomas. In the right clinical setting, coexpression of CK7 and GATA3 is considered as strong evidence of breast origin, which can be further confirmed by positive expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Pathologists use CK7 in the breast to confirm epithelial differentiation and highlight foci of invasion, and outside the breast it is often used as a marker to support breast origin of metastatic tumors. Few studies have reported loss of CK7 in invasive breast carcinoma, however, association of CK7 loss with any histopathologic subtype has not been well documented in the literature. We stained a series of solid papillary carcinoma of the breast (SPC) and associated invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with CK7 to document that CK7 loss can occur in both SPC and associated IDC. Archived breast tumor tissue specimens with a diagnosis of SPC with IDC were identified from our Department of Pathology database from January 2019 to January 2023. Blocks with tumors were initially evaluated on Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) slides, and subsequently with CK7, synaptophysin, and chromogranin immunostains. The results of these immunohistochemical markers were tabulated in an Excel sheet. Expression of CK7 was entered as negative, marked loss of CK7 (weak positive staining in <1% of tumor), and positive (diffuse expression >1% to 100% of tumor cells). Out of 26 tumors of SPC, 15 showed negative to a marked loss of expression for CK7 in both in-situ and invasive components (57.7%), while 11 were diffusely positive (42.3%). Neuroendocrine differentiation was present in 57.7% of tumors of which 60% were CK7 negative. However, there was no significant association between neuroendocrine differentiation in SPC and associated IDC with CK7 loss (P=1). In addition, histologic parameters, biomarkers expression, Ki-67 expression, and clinical follow-up were studied in detail.

CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of solid papillary carcinoma of the breast and the associated invasive component can show loss of CK7.},
}

@article {pmid40103629,
year = {2024},
author = {Vani, P and Patel, A and Abhishek, K and Goyal, K},
title = {Clinical performance and safety of the Vector® percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty balloon catheter: A single-arm, multicenter, retrospective post-marketing clinical study.},
journal = {ARYA atherosclerosis},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {17-26},
pmid = {40103629},
issn = {1735-3955},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The present post-marketing clinical study was conducted over a 12-month follow-up period to monitor the clinical outcomes of patients treated with the Vector® Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) Balloon Catheter for the dilatation of coronary lesions. The semi-compliant balloon improves balloon-to-vessel wall apposition and minimizes balloon slippage during PTCA, which could reduce complications and improve clinical outcomes. This investigation aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of the Vector® PTCA Balloon Catheter in real-world settings.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of the Vector® PTCA Balloon Catheter in 125 patients who underwent pre-dilatation and post-dilatation. The primary outcome of the study was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite endpoint encompassing target-lesion revascularization (TLR), cardiac death, and myocardial infarction (MI).

RESULTS: The Vector® PTCA Balloon Catheter has shown promising results in a small group of patients undergoing dilatation of normal and intricate coronary artery lesions, reflecting a 100% procedural success rate. The successful delivery to the target lesion, deployment, and subsequent retrieval of the device during the index procedure led to a 100% device success rate without any technical issues. A total of 3.2% (4) patients experienced MACE during the 12-month follow-up, with 1.6% (2) MI, 1.6% (2) TLR, and no cardiovascular deaths..

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the favorable safety and reliability of the Vector® PTCA Balloon Catheter in patients with angina, MI, and a history of coronary artery disease in a real-world setting.},
}

@article {pmid40098503,
year = {2025},
author = {Jha, A and Regmi, PR and Pradhan, H and Thakur, M and Joshi, BR},
title = {Sonography as an Adjunct to Digital Mammography in Patients with Dense Breasts.},
journal = {Journal of Nepal Health Research Council},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {670-677},
doi = {10.33314/jnhrc.v22i04.4735},
pmid = {40098503},
issn = {1999-6217},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Mammography/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Adult ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Breast Density ; Aged ; Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods ; Nepal ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dense breasts are associated with an increased risk of cancer and also mask lesions on mammograms. In our study, we evaluated the role of sonography as an adjunct to digital mammography in patients with dense breasts.

METHODS: Sonography of 676 female patients with American College of Radiology category C or D mammographic density was done in this prospective cross-sectional analytical study in the Department of Radiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. The final imaging diagnosis was classified as per the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories. Tissue diagnosis was obtained in patients with sonographic category 3 solid lesions larger than 3 cm, category 4 and 5 lesions. The data were tabulated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Service (SPSS) for Windows version 22.

RESULTS: Additional sonography confirmed all BIRADS 1 mammograms as normal or benign, 95.7 % (112) of inconclusive, and 82.8% (n=135) of BIRADS 3 ones as benign. It had higher sensitivity and negative predictive value (100%) than mammography with similar accuracy. Most patients (479, 70.9%) had diagnostic indications. There were 540 (79.9%) cases in ACR BIRADS category c. A final diagnosis of benign (316, 46.7%) was most common, followed by normal (293, 43.4%) and malignant (67, 9.9%). The majority of the malignant lesions were Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (59, 88%).

CONCLUSIONS: Additional sonography confirmed mammography findings as normal, benign, or suspicious for malignancy, definitely described morphology and extent of mass, and also guided biopsy. It had higher sensitivity than mammography in dense breasts.},
}

Humans
Female
Cross-Sectional Studies
Middle Aged
*Mammography/methods
Prospective Studies
Adult
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Breast Density
Aged
Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods
Nepal
Sensitivity and Specificity
Young Adult

@article {pmid40081589,
year = {2025},
author = {Podoly, TY and Even-Ezra, H and Doron, G},
title = {A randomized controlled trial evaluating an mHealth intervention for anger-related cognitions in misophonia.},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
volume = {379},
number = {},
pages = {350-361},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2025.03.060},
pmid = {40081589},
issn = {1573-2517},
abstract = {Misophonia is a condition characterized by strong, aversive reactions to specific sounds produced by others, often manifesting as intense negative emotions like anger or rage in response to nearby noises. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an mHealth app in reducing misophonia symptoms and related cognitions. In this study, 85 participants were randomly assigned to an immediate app use (iApp) or delayed app use (dApp) group and completed measures at baseline (T0), after 15 days of app use (T1 for iApp, T2 for dApp), and at 1-month follow-up (T3). Intention-to-treat analyses at T1 revealed significant interaction effects; compared with the dApp group, the iApp group exhibited lower misophonia symptoms on select measures (interaction effect sizes ranging from d = 0.06 to 0.52) as well as reductions in anger ruminations and anger-related metacognitions (interaction effect sizes of d = 0.47). Within-group analyses demonstrated substantial reductions in misophonia symptoms from baseline to follow-up (iApp: d = 0.62-1.51; dApp: d = 0.89-1.75) with similar decreases in anger-related outcomes (iApp: d = 0.89-0.92; dApp: d = 0.85-0.90). Mediation analyses, however, did not support an indirect effect of the intervention on misophonia symptoms via changes in rumination or anger-related metacognitions. mHealth applications show promise in alleviating misophonia symptoms and related cognitive processes. Further research is needed to elucidate the roles of anger rumination and metacognitions in misophonia.},
}

@article {pmid31032548,
year = {2019},
author = {Caterson, ID and Alfadda, AA and Auerbach, P and Coutinho, W and Cuevas, A and Dicker, D and Hughes, C and Iwabu, M and Kang, JH and Nawar, R and Reynoso, R and Rhee, N and Rigas, G and Salvador, J and Sbraccia, P and Vázquez-Velázquez, V and Halford, JCG},
title = {Gaps to bridge: Misalignment between perception, reality and actions in obesity.},
journal = {Diabetes, obesity & metabolism},
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {1914-1924},
pmid = {31032548},
issn = {1463-1326},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; *Attitude to Health ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Personnel/*psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motivation ; Obesity/*psychology ; Perception ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {AIMS: Despite increased recognition as a chronic disease, obesity remains greatly underdiagnosed and undertreated. We aimed to identify international perceptions, attitudes, behaviours and barriers to effective obesity care in people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online survey was conducted in 11 countries. Participants were adults with obesity and HCPs who were primarily concerned with direct patient care.

RESULTS: A total of 14 502 PwO and 2785 HCPs completed the survey. Most PwO (68%) and HCPs (88%) agreed that obesity is a disease. However, 81% of PwO assumed complete responsibility for their own weight loss and only 44% of HCPs agreed that genetics were a barrier. There was a median of three (mean, six) years between the time PwO began struggling with excess weight or obesity and when they first discussed their weight with an HCP. Many PwO were concerned about the impact of excess weight on health (46%) and were motivated to lose weight (48%). Most PwO (68%) would like their HCP to initiate a conversation about weight and only 3% were offended by such a conversation. Among HCPs, belief that patients have little interest in or motivation for weight management may constitute a barrier for weight management conversations. When discussed, HCPs typically recommended lifestyle changes; however, more referrals and follow-up appointments are required.

CONCLUSIONS: Our international dataset reveals a need to increase understanding of obesity and improve education concerning its physiological basis and clinical management. Realization that PwO are motivated to lose weight offers an opportunity for HCPs to initiate earlier weight management conversations.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
*Attitude of Health Personnel
*Attitude to Health
Chronic Disease
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Health Personnel/*psychology
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Motivation
Obesity/*psychology
Perception
Surveys and Questionnaires
Young Adult

@article {pmid30817241,
year = {2019},
author = {Muglia, VF and Reis, RB},
title = {Re: Long-Term Surveillance of Complex Cystic Renal Masses and Heterogeneity of Bosniak 3 LesionsD. K. Pruthi, Q. Liu, I. D. C. Kirkpatrick, J. Gelfond and D. E. Drachenberg J Urol 2018; 200: 1192-1199.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {202},
number = {1},
pages = {171-172},
doi = {10.1097/JU.0000000000000201},
pmid = {30817241},
issn = {1527-3792},
mesh = {Humans ; *Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; *Kidney Neoplasms ; },
}

Humans
*Kidney Diseases, Cystic
*Kidney Neoplasms

@article {pmid30747875,
year = {2019},
author = {Kaundal, P and Sharma, AP and Mavuduru, R and Devana, SK and Bora, GS},
title = {Re: Long-Term Surveillance of Complex Cystic Renal Masses and Heterogeneity of Bosniak 3 LesionsD. K. Pruthi, Q. Liu, I. D. C. Kirkpatrick, J. Gelfond and D. E. Drachenberg J Urol 2018; 200: 1192-1199.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {201},
number = {6},
pages = {1206-1207},
doi = {10.1097/JU.0000000000000143},
pmid = {30747875},
issn = {1527-3792},
mesh = {Humans ; *Kidney Diseases, Cystic ; *Kidney Neoplasms ; },
}

Humans
*Kidney Diseases, Cystic
*Kidney Neoplasms

@article {pmid21872255,
year = {2011},
author = {Gutiérrez Valencia, TM and García de Llasera, MP},
title = {Determination of organophosphorus pesticides in bovine tissue by an on-line coupled matrix solid-phase dispersion-solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection method.},
journal = {Journal of chromatography. A},
volume = {1218},
number = {39},
pages = {6869-6877},
doi = {10.1016/j.chroma.2011.08.011},
pmid = {21872255},
issn = {1873-3778},
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/instrumentation/*methods ; Liver/chemistry ; Lung/chemistry ; Methanol/chemistry ; Miniaturization ; Muscles/chemistry ; Organothiophosphorus Compounds/*analysis/isolation & purification ; Pesticide Residues/*analysis/isolation & purification ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Solid Phase Extraction/*methods ; Tissue Distribution ; },
abstract = {A miniaturized method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion coupled to solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (MSPD-SPE-HPLC/DAD) was developed for the trace simultaneous determination of the following organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in bovine tissue: parathion-methyl, fenitrothion, parathion, chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, ethion, fenchlorphos, chlorpyrifos and carbophenothion. To perform the coupling between MSPD and SPE, 0.05 g of sample was dispersed with 0.2 g of C(18) silica sorbent and packed into a stainless steel cartridge containing 0.05 g of silica gel in the bottom. After a clean-up of high and medium polarity interferences with water and an acetonitrile:water mixture, the OPPs were desorbed from the MSPD cartridge with pure acetonitrile and directly transferred to a dynamic mixing chamber for dilution with water and preconcentration into an SPE 20 mm × 2.0 mm I.D. C(18) silica column. Subsequently, the OPPs were eluted on-line with the chromatographic mobile phase to the analytical column and the diode array detector for their separation and detection, respectively. The method was validated and yielded recovery values between 91% and 101% and precision values, expressed as relative standard deviations (RSD), which were less than or equal to 12%. Linearity was good and ranged from 0.5 to 10 μg g(-1), and the limits of detection of the OPPs were in the range of 0.04-0.25 μg g(-1). The method was satisfactorily applied to the analysis of real samples and is recommended for food control, research efforts when sample amounts are limited, and laboratories that have ordinary chromatographic instrumentation.},
}

Animals
Cattle
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/instrumentation/*methods
Liver/chemistry
Lung/chemistry
Methanol/chemistry
Miniaturization
Muscles/chemistry
Organothiophosphorus Compounds/*analysis/isolation & purification
Pesticide Residues/*analysis/isolation & purification
Reproducibility of Results
Sensitivity and Specificity
Solid Phase Extraction/*methods
Tissue Distribution

@article {pmid21567184,
year = {2012},
author = {Shin, SJ and Jung, M and Jeung, HC and Kim, HR and Rha, SY and Roh, JK and Chung, HC and Ahn, JB},
title = {A phase I pharmacokinetic study of TSU-68 (a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR-2, FGF and PDFG) in combination with S-1 and oxaliplatin in metastatic colorectal cancer patients previously treated with chemotherapy.},
journal = {Investigational new drugs},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {1501-1510},
pmid = {21567184},
issn = {1573-0646},
mesh = {Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use ; Colorectal Neoplasms/blood/*drug therapy/pathology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Humans ; Indoles/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Organoplatinum Compounds/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Oxaliplatin ; Oxindoles ; Oxonic Acid/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Propionates/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use ; Pyrroles ; Tegafur/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; },
abstract = {TSU-68 is a novel multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits VEGFR-2, FGF and PDGF receptors. We conducted a phase I study to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic of TSU-68 when used with S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Patients with mCRC were treated with TSU-68 200 mg (Level 1) or 400 mg (Level 2) b.i.d. daily, S-1 35 mg/m(2) b.i.d. on Days 1-14 and oxaliplatin 130 mg/m(2) i.v. on Day 1 repeatedly every 3 weeks. Of eleven patients enrolled, two patients were excluded from dose limiting toxicity (DLT) assessment. Six patients at Level 1 experienced no DLT. Of three patients at Level 2, two patients experienced DLTs (one patient: grade 3 hiccup and palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome, another one: grade 2 neutropenia which prevented the initiation of next cycle within 14 days). The maximal tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose (RD) of TSU-68 was 200 mg b.i.d. C(max) and AUC(0-t) of TSU-68 at Level 2 were higher than those at Level 1, but doubling the dose of TSU-68 increased C(max) and AUC(0-t) less than two-fold. There was no appreciable difference in the PK of S-1 components (FT, CDHP and Oxo), 5-FU and oxaliplatin-derived platinum between Levels 1 and 2. A significant decrease in PDGF after TSU-68 treatment was identified and it might serve as pharmacodynamic marker of TSU-68. Administration of TSU-68 in combination with SOX is generally well tolerated. The MTD and RD of TSU-68 in this study was 200 mg b.i.d. daily.},
}

Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
Colorectal Neoplasms/blood/*drug therapy/pathology
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Drug Combinations
Female
Fibroblast Growth Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
Humans
Indoles/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
Male
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Metastasis
Organoplatinum Compounds/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
Oxaliplatin
Oxindoles
Oxonic Acid/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
Propionates/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
Pyrroles
Tegafur/administration & dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
Treatment Outcome
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism

@article {pmid14640991,
year = {2003},
author = {Segerlantz, M and Bramnert, M and Manhem, P and Laurila, E and Groop, LC},
title = {Inhibition of lipolysis during acute GH exposure increases insulin sensitivity in previously untreated GH-deficient adults.},
journal = {European journal of endocrinology},
volume = {149},
number = {6},
pages = {511-519},
doi = {10.1530/eje.0.1490511},
pmid = {14640991},
issn = {0804-4643},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Analysis of Variance ; Blood Glucose/drug effects ; Double-Blind Method ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ; Human Growth Hormone/*deficiency/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents/*pharmacology ; Insulin/*metabolism ; Lipolysis/*drug effects/physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyrazines/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Previous studies evaluating the lipolytic effect of GH have in general been performed in subjects on chronic GH therapy. In this study we assessed the lipolytic effect of GH in previously untreated patients and examined whether the negative effect of enhanced lipolysis on glucose metabolism could be counteracted by acute antilipolysis achieved with acipimox.

METHODS: Ten GH-deficient (GHD) adults participated in four experiments each, during which they received in a double-blind manner: placebo (A); GH (0.88+/-0.13 mg) (B); GH+acipimox 250 mg b.i.d. (C); and acipimox b.i.d. (no GH) (D), where GH was given the night before a 2 h euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with infusion of [3-(3)H]glucose and indirect calorimetry.

RESULTS: GH increased basal free fatty acid (FFA) levels by 74% (P=0.0051) and insulin levels by 93% (P=0.0051). This resulted in a non-significant decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose uptakes (16.61+/-8.03 vs 12.74+/-5.50 micromol/kg per min (s.d.), P=0.07 for A vs B). The rates of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake correlated negatively with the FFA concentrations (r=-0.638, P<0.0001). However, acipimox caused a significant improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the GH-treated patients (17.35+/-5.65 vs 12.74+/-5.50 micromol/kg per min, P=0.012 for C vs B). The acipimox-induced enhancement of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was mainly due to an enhanced rate of glucose oxidation (8.32+/-3.00 vs 5.88+/-2.39 micromol/kg per min, P=0.07 for C vs B). The enhanced rates of glucose oxidation induced by acipimox correlated negatively with the rate of lipid oxidation in GH-treated subjects both in basal (r=-0.867, P=0.0093) and during insulin-stimulated (r=-0.927, P=0.0054) conditions. GH did not significantly impair non-oxidative glucose metabolism (6.86+/-5.22 vs 8.67+/-6.65 micromol/kg per min, P=NS for B vs A). The fasting rate of endogenous glucose production was unaffected by GH and acipimox administration (10.99+/-1.98 vs 11.73+/-2.38 micromol/kg per min, P=NS for B vs A and 11.55+/-2.7 vs 10.99+/-1.98 micromol/kg per min, P=NS for C vs B). On the other hand, acipimox alone improved glucose uptake in the untreated GHD patients (24.14+/-8.74 vs 16.61+/-8.03 micromol/kg per min, P=0.0077 for D vs A) and this was again due to enhanced fasting (7.90+/-2.68 vs 5.16+/-2.28 micromol/kg per min, P=0.01 for D vs A) and insulin-stimulated (9.78+/-3.68 vs 7.95+/-2.64 micromol/kg per min, P=0.07 for D vs A) glucose oxidation.

CONCLUSION: The study of acute administration of GH to previously untreated GHD patients provides compelling evidence that (i) GH-induced insulin resistance is mainly due to induction of lipolysis by GH; and (ii) inhibition of lipolysis can prevent the deterioration of insulin sensitivity. The question remains whether GH replacement therapy should, at least at the beginning of therapy, be combined with means to prevent an excessive stimulation of lipolysis by GH.},
}

Adult
Aged
Analysis of Variance
Blood Glucose/drug effects
Double-Blind Method
Energy Metabolism/drug effects
Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
Female
Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects
Human Growth Hormone/*deficiency/*therapeutic use
Humans
Hypolipidemic Agents/*pharmacology
Insulin/*metabolism
Lipolysis/*drug effects/physiology
Male
Middle Aged
Pyrazines/*pharmacology

@article {pmid12485722,
year = {2003},
author = {Nakashima, K and Yamamoto, K and Al-Dirbashi, OY and Kaddoumi, A and Nakashima, MN},
title = {Semi-micro column HPLC of triazolam in rat plasma and brain microdialysate and its application to drug interaction study with itraconazole.},
journal = {Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis},
volume = {30},
number = {6},
pages = {1809-1816},
doi = {10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00523-x},
pmid = {12485722},
issn = {0731-7085},
mesh = {Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Drug Interactions/physiology ; Itraconazole/blood/*metabolism ; Male ; Microdialysis/*methods ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Triazolam/blood/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Semi-micro column high-performance liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection for the determination of triazolam (TZ) in rat plasma and brain microdialysate is described. The separation was achieved on a 250 x 1.5 mm, i.d. C(18) column and the column effluent was monitored at 222 nm. The detection limits at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 obtained using spiked plasma and artificial cerebrospinal fluid were 2.1 and 0.7 ng/ml, respectively. The method was applied to drug-drug interaction study of TZ with itraconazole (ITZ). The peak concentration (C(max)) and the area under the curve (AUC) of TZ in brain microdialysate after simultaneous administration of TZ (2.5 mg/kg, intravenously (i.v.)) and ITZ (25 mg/kg, p.o.) to rats increased 3.4-folds (P<0.001) and 2.9-folds (P<0.001), respectively, compared to those of TZ alone. Also, the AUC of TZ in plasma increased 2.6-folds and remarkable delay in its elimination half-life (t(1/2)) was observed. The concentrations of TZ in brain microdialysate and plasma were also measured after single administration of TZ (2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) to rats pretreated with daily administration of ITZ (25 mg/kg, p.o.) once a day for a week. There was no significant difference in TZ's C(max) in both ITZ treatments (P>0.2) however its t(1/2) after the daily pretreatment with ITZ was significantly increased (P<0.05). In plasma, the AUC of TZ after daily pretreatment of ITZ was lower than the single combined treatment, but significantly different from TZ's AUC in the absence of ITZ (P<0.05). As a result, single simultaneous administration of TZ with ITZ and single administration of TZ after daily pretreatment with ITZ to rats, ITZ seriously interfered with the pharmacokinetic parameters of TZ in plasma and brain micodialysate.},
}

Animals
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
Drug Interactions/physiology
Itraconazole/blood/*metabolism
Male
Microdialysis/*methods
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Triazolam/blood/*metabolism

@article {pmid11920948,
year = {2002},
author = {Nakashima, K and Yamamoto, K and Al-Dirbashi, OY and Nakashima, MN},
title = {Disposition of triazolam in the rat by brain microdialysis and semi-micro column high-performance liquid chromatography with UV absorbance detection.},
journal = {Biomedical chromatography : BMC},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {219-223},
doi = {10.1002/bmc.128},
pmid = {11920948},
issn = {0269-3879},
mesh = {Animals ; Anti-Anxiety Agents/blood/*pharmacokinetics ; Brain/*metabolism ; Calibration ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Male ; Microdialysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Triazolam/blood/*pharmacokinetics ; },
abstract = {A semi-micro column high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for the determination of triazolam is described. The method was applied to determine plasma and brain microdialysate concentrations of triazolam after single intravenous bolus of 2.5 mg/kg to rat. The separation was achieved on a 250 x 1.5 mm i.d. C(18) column and the column effluent was monitored at 222 nm. The detection limits at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 obtained using spiked plasma and artificial cerebrospinal fluid were 2.1 and 0.7 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day reproducibility of the present method were satisfactory with the highest relative standard deviation of 9.1 (n > or = 5). The present method was successfully applied to study the disposition of triazolam in rat (n = 5) by analyzing plasma and brain microdialysate samples.},
}

Animals
Anti-Anxiety Agents/blood/*pharmacokinetics
Brain/*metabolism
Calibration
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Male
Microdialysis
Rats
Rats, Wistar
Reproducibility of Results
Sensitivity and Specificity
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Triazolam/blood/*pharmacokinetics

@article {pmid11177649,
year = {2000},
author = {Jamali, F and Sattari, S},
title = {High performance liquid chromatographic determination of cyclooxygenase II inhibitor rofecoxib in rat and human plasma.},
journal = {Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {312-317},
pmid = {11177649},
issn = {1482-1826},
mesh = {Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/*methods ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/*blood ; Drug Stability ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors ; Lactones/*blood ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sulfones ; },
abstract = {Rofecoxib is a relatively new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with high selectivity in cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitory activity. There is only one assay reported for determination of the drug in biological samples. The assay requires a post-column UV reactor for photocyclization before detection with fluorescence detector. In addition, the internal standard (IS) used in the assay in not commercially available. We developed a new assay for determination of rofecoxib. Rat blank plasma (200 microL) or human blank plasma (500 microL) was spiked with rofecoxib to make final concentrations of 10 to 3000 ng/mL, and 100 microl of a 2 microg/mL of ketoprofen as IS, 100 microl of a pH 4.5 acetate buffer, and 6 mL of ethyl acetate were added. The resultant was vortex-mixed for 90 seconds and centrifuged at 2500 g for 3 min. The organic layer was separated and evaporated to dryness under vacuum. The residues were reconstituted in 170 microL of mobile phase and 150 microL was injected into an HPLC consisting of an autoinjector, an isocratic pump, a 10 cm 4.6 i.d. C(18) analytical column packed with 5 microm reversed phase particles, a variable UV spectrophotometer detector set at 272 nm, and an integrator. The mobile phase consisted of water (77%), acetonitrile (23%), acetic acid (0.1%), and triethylamine (0.03%) and was pumped at 1 mL/min at ambient temperature. The drug and IS were eluted at 13 and 24 min, respectively. The peak drug/IS area ratio versus drug concentrations relationship was linear (r>0.99). The extraction efficiency was >87%. The minimum quantifiable concentration was set at 10 ng/mL (correlation coefficient of <10%). This convenient, sensitive, and simple method is suitable to pharmacokinetic studies of rofecoxib in rats and humans.},
}

Animals
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/*methods
Cyclooxygenase 2
Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/*blood
Drug Stability
Humans
Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
Lactones/*blood
Male
Membrane Proteins
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Reference Standards
Reproducibility of Results
Sulfones

@article {pmid9060066,
year = {1996},
author = {Stotzer, PO and Blomberg, L and Conway, PL and Henriksson, A and Abrahamsson, H},
title = {Probiotic treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth by Lactobacillus fermentum KLD.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {28},
number = {6},
pages = {615-619},
doi = {10.3109/00365549609037970},
pmid = {9060066},
issn = {0036-5548},
mesh = {Aged ; Breath Tests ; Chronic Disease ; Cross-Over Studies ; Double-Blind Method ; Feces/microbiology ; Humans ; Hydrogen/analysis ; Intestinal Diseases/*microbiology/*therapy ; *Lactobacillus ; },
abstract = {The principle of using harmless bacteria for conquering pathogens has been used for many years. It has been used prophylactically against travellers' diarrhoea and for protection of recurrent pseudomembranous colitis. The aim of this study was to treat a chronic infectious condition, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, by oral administration of a certain strain of Lactobacillus. 17 patients with long-standing bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine were included. The study was designed as a double-blind cross-over, where the patients were their own controls. The study was divided into 4 parts. (A) For the first 2 weeks placebo was given b.i.d. (B) For the next 4 weeks patients received either placebo or 10(10) Lactobacillus fermentum KLD b.i.d. (C) A wash-out period of 4 weeks followed. (D) Finally, for the second 4 week treatment period patients were crossed over to receive either lactobacilli or placebo. A hydrogen breath test with 50 g glucose was performed at the start and at the end of each period. Symptom scores were recorded on the last week of each period. The study was completed by 14 patients. Lactobacillus treatment showed no significant difference compared to placebo with respect to the results of the hydrogen breath test: 29 (3-95) vs 14 (3-129) ppm, (median and 10th and 90th percentiles), stool frequency: 14 (8-40) vs 12 (7-31) defecations/week. or symptom score: 12 (5-46) vs 17 (6-42) scores/week). High numbers of L. fermentum KLD in faecal samples were only seen in 2 patients. In conclusion, dosage with L. fermentum KLD in this study did not significantly alter the parameters investigated.},
}

Aged
Breath Tests
Chronic Disease
Cross-Over Studies
Double-Blind Method
Feces/microbiology
Humans
Hydrogen/analysis
Intestinal Diseases/*microbiology/*therapy
*Lactobacillus

@article {pmid8409300,
year = {1993},
author = {Testoni, PA and Bagnolo, F and Buizza, M and Masci, E and Toti, GL and Spinelli, A and Manzi, G},
title = {Effectiveness of cisapride in gastric ulcer. Results of a double-blind randomized trial versus ranitidine and versus cisapride plus ranitidine.},
journal = {Journal of clinical gastroenterology},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {5-9},
doi = {10.1097/00004836-199307000-00003},
pmid = {8409300},
issn = {0192-0790},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Ulcer Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Cisapride ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Piperidines/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Ranitidine/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Stomach Ulcer/*drug therapy ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Among the factors involved in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer, the reduced clearing capacity of the stomach seems to play an important role. On this basis, cisapride, which improves gastrointestinal motility, enhances gastric emptying, and prevents duodenogastric reflux, may be effective in the treatment of the gastric ulcer. We randomly allocated 60 consecutive patients, with uncomplicated antral gastric ulcer (diameter 5-25 mm), into three groups of treatment: cisapride 20 mg b.i.d. (C), ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. (R), cisapride 20 mg b.i.d. + ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. (C+R). Endoscopic examination with biopsy specimens was performed on admission, after 4 weeks and (if ulcer not healed) after 8 weeks of therapy. Three patients were lost to follow-up (two in C and one in C+R), and three were withdrawn, due to malignant ulcer (one case in R) or to side effects (one case of diarrhea in C, one case of headache in C+R). Healing rates at 4 weeks were 41.1% in C, 52.6% in R, and 50.0% in C+R; at 8 weeks they were 88.2% in C, 89.4% in R, and 94.4% in C+R. Though the lack of a placebo arm makes final considerations difficult, the results were similar in all three groups, with no evident differences. In conclusion, therapy with cisapride appears as effective as H2-blocker alone or combined treatments in healing benign gastric ulcer.},
}

Adult
Aged
Anti-Ulcer Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
Cisapride
Double-Blind Method
Drug Therapy, Combination
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Piperidines/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
Ranitidine/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
Stomach Ulcer/*drug therapy
Time Factors

@article {pmid1618839,
year = {1992},
author = {Carr, DW and Hausken, ZE and Fraser, ID and Stofko-Hahn, RE and Scott, JD},
title = {Association of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase with a human thyroid RII-anchoring protein. Cloning and characterization of the RII-binding domain.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {267},
number = {19},
pages = {13376-13382},
pmid = {1618839},
issn = {0021-9258},
support = {DK 08767/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK 44239/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; GM 44427/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {A Kinase Anchor Proteins ; *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Autoradiography ; Base Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Circular Dichroism ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Thyroid Gland/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is localized to specific subcellular environments through binding of the dimeric regulatory subunit (RII) to anchoring proteins. Subcellular localization is likely to influence which substrates are most accessible to the catalytic subunit upon activation. We have previously shown that the RII-binding domains of four anchoring proteins contain sequences which exhibit a high probability of amphipathic helix formation (Carr, D. W., Stofko-Hahn, R. E., Fraser, I. D. C., Bishop, S. M., Acott, T. E., Brennan, R. G., and Scott J. D. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 14188-14192). In the present study we describe the cloning of a cDNA which encodes a 1015-amino acid segment of Ht 31. A synthetic peptide (Asp-Leu-Ile-Glu-Glu-Ala-Ala-Ser-Arg-Ile-Val-Asp-Ala-Val-Ile-Glu-Gln-Val -Lys-Ala-Ala-Tyr) representing residues 493-515 encompasses the minimum region of Ht 31 required for RII binding and blocks anchoring protein interaction with RII as detected by band-shift analysis. Structural analysis by circular dichroism suggests that this peptide can adopt an alpha-helical conformation. Both Ht 31 (493-515) peptide and its parent protein bind RII alpha or the type II PKA holoenzyme with high affinity. Equilibrium dialysis was used to calculate dissociation constants of 4.0 and 3.8 nM for Ht 31 peptide interaction with RII alpha and the type II PKA, respectively. A survey of nine different bovine tissues was conducted to identify RII binding proteins. Several bands were detected in each tissues using a 32P-RII overlay method. Addition of 0.4 microM Ht 31 (493-515) peptide to the reaction mixture blocked all RII binding. These data suggest that all anchoring proteins bind RII alpha at the same site as the Ht 31 peptide. The nanomolar affinity constant and the different patterns of RII-anchoring proteins in each tissue suggest that the type II alpha PKA holoenzyme may be specifically targeted to different locations in each type of cell.},
}

A Kinase Anchor Proteins
*Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Amino Acid Sequence
Autoradiography
Base Sequence
Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
Circular Dichroism
Cloning, Molecular
DNA
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Humans
Molecular Sequence Data
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Phosphorylation
Protein Conformation
Protein Kinases/*metabolism
Thyroid Gland/*metabolism

@article {pmid40079036,
year = {2025},
author = {Bui, J and Chalom, T and Nathanson, SD and Schwartz, TL and Hunt, K and Alkhoory, W and Xu, Z},
title = {Invasive ductal carcinoma at the site of a cosmetic nipple piercing.},
journal = {Journal of surgical case reports},
volume = {2025},
number = {3},
pages = {rjaf132},
pmid = {40079036},
issn = {2042-8812},
abstract = {We report a young female patient diagnosed with an invasive ductal carcinoma at the site of a prior cosmetic nipple piercing. She had no significant familial, genetic, or other carcinogenic risk factors to account for her presentation. A review of the literature confirms that trauma can occasionally be associated with invasive breast cancer, but such a connection has not previously been related to nipple piercing procedures.},
}

@article {pmid40078045,
year = {2025},
author = {Shenkman, G and Ifrah, K and Shaia, Y},
title = {Predictors for desire, intention, and likelihood for more children among LGB parents through assisted reproduction.},
journal = {Journal of reproductive and infant psychology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1080/02646838.2025.2478398},
pmid = {40078045},
issn = {1469-672X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The global increase in families headed by lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) parents via assisted reproduction was accompanied by increased research on the parenthood aspirations of childfree LGB individuals. However, limited attention has been given to the aspirations of LGB parents for more children. This study explored the multifaceted factors associating with aspirations for additional children among Israeli LGB parents through assisted reproduction, investigating the contribution of sociodemographic variables, parental experiences, as well as social and cultural factors to these aspirations.

METHODS: A survey involving 234 cisgender LGB parents in Israel (aged 24-55; M = 40.23, SD = 6.59) was conducted from November 2022 to February 2024. Participants completed questionnaires assessing their desire, intention, and estimated likelihood to have more children alongside various sociodemographic, parental experience, social, and cultural variables.

RESULTS: Hierarchical regressions revealed that sociodemographic variables, namely younger parent age, fewer current children, higher importance of religious values, and better economic status, were associated with stronger aspirations for additional children. Social (discrimination, enacted stigma, social support) and cultural (pronatalism) factors did not significantly contribute beyond sociodemographic factors.

CONCLUSION: Unlike research on parenthood aspirations among childfree LGB individuals, social and cultural factors played a less significant role in shaping aspirations for more children among LGB individuals who are already parents. The findings offer essential insights for reproductive and family researchers, as well as policymakers, by shedding light on the factors associated with LGB parents' aspiration for additional children through assisted reproduction.},
}

@article {pmid40073896,
year = {2025},
author = {Kinoshita, M and Takeda, Y and Iwagami, Y and Shinke, G and Ohmura, Y and Yukawa, Y and Arita, A and Yanagisawa, K and Katsuyama, S and Ikeshima, R and Hiraki, M and Sugimura, K and Masuzawa, T and Hata, T and Murata, K},
title = {[A Case of Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and Neuroendocrine Tumor].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {2},
pages = {164-166},
pmid = {40073896},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/surgery/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/surgery/pathology ; *Neuroendocrine Tumors/surgery/pathology ; *Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; },
abstract = {A 50-year-old female presented with abdominal pain. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a 30 mm ulcerative lesion extending from the duodenal bulb to the descending portion, and biopsy confirmed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Abdominal contrast-enhanced CT scan showed an hypovascular tumor in the pancreatic head with suspected invasion into the duodenum, along with enlarged #8 lymph node. PET-CT revealed abnormal uptake in the pancreatic head and #8 lymph node. She underwent robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy for a diagnosis of pancreatic head cancer with lymph node metastasis. Histopathological examination revealed proliferation of atypical cells in acinar, trabecular, ribbon-like anastomosing, and tubular structures. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity for Bcl10(60%), INSM1(20%), Ki-67 index of 45%, and coexistence of invasive ductal adenocarcinoma(20%). Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as predominantly acinar cell carcinoma with invasive ductal adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor. Lymph node metastasis was positive showing Bcl10-positive acinar cell carcinoma. Four months postoperatively, recurrence was detected in the para-aortic lymph nodes, confirmed by biopsy to be acinar cell carcinoma. Chemotherapy was initiated but discontinued due to tumor progression leading to best supportive care.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery/pathology
*Carcinoma, Acinar Cell/surgery/pathology
*Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/surgery/pathology
*Neuroendocrine Tumors/surgery/pathology
*Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Lymphatic Metastasis
Neoplasm Invasiveness

@article {pmid40061778,
year = {2024},
author = {Helena, V and Suresh, A and Muninathan, N and Baskaran, K and Khan, SA},
title = {Association of Triglycerides and HbA1c Levels with Stages of Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study.},
journal = {Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences},
volume = {16},
number = {Suppl 5},
pages = {S4559-S4562},
pmid = {40061778},
issn = {0976-4879},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This prospective study investigates the association between triglyceride (TG) levels and HbA1c values with different stages of invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC) in female patients. Metabolic alterations, including dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, are increasingly recognized as potential factors associated with cancer progression.

METHODS: A total of 150 female patients diagnosed with IDC were included in the study, categorized into four stages of the disease. Triglyceride levels were measured using colorimetry, and HbA1c values were determined using the ion exchange resin method. Descriptive statistics and distributions of TG and HbA1c values were analyzed across the cancer stages.

RESULTS: In Stage 1, patients had a mean TG level of 347.5 mg/dL and a mean HbA1c of 10.2%. These values declined in subsequent stages, with Stage 4 patients showing a mean TG level of 208.6 mg/dL and a mean HbA1c of 6.9%. A majority of Stage 1 patients (n = 35) had TG levels between 200 and 499 mg/dL, while Stage 4 had the highest number of patients with TG levels below 150 mg/dL (n = 6). Additionally, a significant proportion of Stage 1 patients had HbA1c values ≥10% (n = 17), indicating poor glycemic control. As the disease progressed, this proportion decreased, with only two patients in Stage 4 having HbA1c levels ≥10%.

CONCLUSION: This study suggests a correlation between lower TG and HbA1c levels and more advanced stages of IDC. These findings highlight the importance of metabolic factors in IDC progression and may inform future research on potential therapeutic targets.},
}

@article {pmid40055309,
year = {2025},
author = {El Bounkari, O and Zan, C and Yang, B and Ebert, S and Wagner, J and Bugar, E and Kramer, N and Bourilhon, P and Kontos, C and Zarwel, M and Sinitski, D and Milic, J and Jansen, Y and Kempf, WE and Sachs, N and Maegdefessel, L and Ji, H and Gokce, O and Riols, F and Haid, M and Gerra, S and Hoffmann, A and Brandhofer, M and Avdic, M and Bucala, R and Megens, RTA and Willemsen, N and Messerer, D and Schulz, C and Bartelt, A and Harm, T and Rath, D and Döring, Y and Gawaz, M and Weber, C and Kapurniotu, A and Bernhagen, J},
title = {An atypical atherogenic chemokine that promotes advanced atherosclerosis and hepatic lipogenesis.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2297},
pmid = {40055309},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Animals ; *Lipogenesis/genetics ; *Atherosclerosis/metabolism/pathology/genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; *Liver/metabolism/pathology ; *Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/metabolism/genetics ; Male ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism/genetics ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Hepatocytes/metabolism/pathology ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/metabolism/genetics ; Mice, Knockout ; Female ; Signal Transduction ; Foam Cells/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. It is a lipid-triggered and cytokine/chemokine-driven arterial inflammatory condition. We identify D-dopachrome tautomerase/macrophage migration-inhibitory factor-2 (MIF-2), a paralog of the cytokine MIF, as an atypical chemokine promoting both atherosclerosis and hepatic lipid accumulation. In hyperlipidemic Apoe[-/-] mice, Mif-2-deficiency and pharmacological MIF-2-blockade protect against lesion formation and vascular inflammation in early and advanced atherogenesis. MIF-2 promotes leukocyte migration, endothelial arrest, and foam-cell formation, and we identify CXCR4 as a receptor for MIF-2. Mif-2-deficiency in Apoe[-/-] mice leads to decreased plasma lipid levels and suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation, characterized by reductions in lipogenesis-related pathways, tri-/diacylglycerides, and cholesterol-esters, as revealed by hepatic transcriptomics/lipidomics. Hepatocyte cultures and FLIM-FRET-microscopy suggest that MIF-2 activates SREBP-driven lipogenic genes, mechanistically involving MIF-2-inducible CD74/CXCR4 complexes and PI3K/AKT but not AMPK signaling. MIF-2 is upregulated in unstable carotid plaques from atherosclerotic patients and its plasma concentration correlates with disease severity in patients with coronary artery disease. These findings establish MIF-2 as an atypical chemokine linking vascular inflammation to metabolic dysfunction in atherosclerosis.},
}

Animals
*Lipogenesis/genetics
*Atherosclerosis/metabolism/pathology/genetics
Humans
Mice
*Liver/metabolism/pathology
*Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/metabolism/genetics
Male
Chemokines/metabolism
Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism/genetics
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Hepatocytes/metabolism/pathology
Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/metabolism/genetics
Mice, Knockout
Female
Signal Transduction
Foam Cells/metabolism

@article {pmid40053423,
year = {2025},
author = {Pecora, V and Samynathan, A and Rosenfeld, A and Tariq, Z and Saardi, K},
title = {Cutaneous metastases mimicking hidradenitis suppurativa: a diagnostic challenge.},
journal = {Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {63-67},
pmid = {40053423},
issn = {1943-2704},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hidradenitis Suppurativa/diagnosis ; Female ; *Skin Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis/secondary ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, and debilitating inflammatory condition characterized by abscesses, comedones, and nodules. The heterogeneous presentation of HS often leads to diagnostic challenges, with clinical mimics such as cutaneous metastases (CMs) being of particular importance. CMs can present as initial manifestations of metastatic disease, necessitating accurate identification to guide potentially lifesaving treatment. However, the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for HS and CMs differ significantly, underscoring the need for prompt and accurate differentiation.

CASE REPORT: This report presents 3 cases of primary malignancies in which CMs mimicked HS. Case 1 had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; case 2 had a history of right breast atypical ductal hyperplasia and borderline low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, along with triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast with extensive metastasis to the iliac bone and lung; and case 3 had invasive mammary carcinoma of the right breast with axillary lymph node involvement. All 3 patients presented with nodular lesions resembling HS, but further investigation, including molecular testing, confirmed the diagnosis of CMs.

CONCLUSION: The clinical overlap between HS and CMs, which can present with similar features such as nodules, abscesses, and draining lesions, underscores the critical importance of distinguishing these entities. Despite their similar clinical appearance, HS and CMs have vastly different management protocols. Accurate diagnosis of CMs enables timely and appropriate intervention, which in turn aids in optimizing clinical outcomes and ensuring the use of effective treatment strategies for affected patients.},
}

Humans
*Hidradenitis Suppurativa/diagnosis
Female
*Skin Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis/secondary
Diagnosis, Differential
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis
Middle Aged
Adult
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology/diagnosis

@article {pmid40050715,
year = {2025},
author = {Ong, SC and Tay, LX and Ong, HM and Tiong, IK and Ch'ng, ASH and Parumasivam, T},
title = {Annual societal cost of Alzheimer's disease in Malaysia: a micro-costing approach.},
journal = {BMC geriatrics},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {154},
pmid = {40050715},
issn = {1471-2318},
mesh = {Humans ; *Alzheimer Disease/economics/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; Malaysia/epidemiology ; Aged ; *Cost of Illness ; *Caregivers/economics ; Aged, 80 and over ; Health Care Costs ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is expected to have a significant impact on resource use and economic consequences along with population aging. This study aims to investigate the annual economic burden of Alzheimer's disease along with underlying cost drivers.

METHODOLOGY: Patients with AD aged 65 and above accompanied with primary caregivers were recruited in 6 tertiary care hospitals. A structured interview was conducted to collect sociodemographic, clinical and resource use information using an adapted questionnaire. Direct medical cost, direct non-medical cost and indirect cost were annualised and categorised by severity level. Generalised linear models were applied to investigate predictors of costs.

RESULTS: Among 135 patient-caregiver dyads, the annual economic burden of AD from a societal perspective was USD 8618.83 ± USD 6740.79 per capita. The societal cost of severe AD patients (USD11943.19 ± USD6954.17) almost doubled those in mild AD (USD6281.10 ± USD6879.83). IDC was the primary cost driver (77.7%) which represented the impact of productivity loss due to informal care. Besides disease severity, time spent in informal care, caregivers' employment and use of special accommodation were predictors of AD cost. This neurodegenerative disorder is estimated to impose a burden of USD1.9 billion in 2022, which represents 0.47% of Malaysia's GDP.

CONCLUSION: This study provided real-world empirical cost estimates of AD burden in Malaysia. Informal care is a significant contributor to the societal cost of AD. Optimal healthcare resource allocation is essential in the decision making of healthcare stakeholders to address rising demands.},
}

Humans
*Alzheimer Disease/economics/epidemiology
Male
Female
Malaysia/epidemiology
Aged
*Cost of Illness
*Caregivers/economics
Aged, 80 and over
Health Care Costs

@article {pmid40046312,
year = {2025},
author = {Rotbart, N and Kaminsky, O and Aranovich, D and Shochat, T and Atar, E and Grubstein, A},
title = {Revisiting the Need for Breast Imaging in Young Women with Clinically Significant Breast Pain and a Normal Physical Breast Examination.},
journal = {Breast care (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {8-15},
pmid = {40046312},
issn = {1661-3791},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although breast pain as a sole symptom is very rarely associated with cancer, national guidelines recommend that all women with a complaint of breast pain have to be referred for ultrasound evaluation. This study sought to investigate the necessity of this practice.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in consecutive women aged between 17 and 39 years, at average risk of breast cancer who presented at a major tertiary breast clinic with clinically significant breast pain (unilateral, unifocal, and noncyclic) in 2017-2023. Data on background, physical examination, imaging, and pathology were collected from the electronic medical records and analyzed by outcome.

RESULTS: The cohort included 814 women. Among the 574 women (70%) with a normal physical breast examination, ultrasound revealed normal findings or BI-RADS 1-2 lesions in 499 (87%), BI-RADS 3 lesions in 59 (10%), and BI-RADS 4 lesions in 16 (3%). Biopsies, performed in 30 BI-RADS 3 lesions and all BI-RADS 4 lesions, were benign. Half of the 337 patients with available follow-up data continued to attend the breast clinic (mean 3.5 ± 2.2 years). Among the 240 women (30%) with a palpable abnormality on breast examination, ultrasound revealed normal or benign BI-RADS 2 findings in 112 (47%), BI-RADS 3 lesions in 69 (29%), and BI-RADS 4-5 lesions in 59 (25%). Biopsies performed in BI-RADS 3 lesions (12%) were all benign. Biopsies, performed in all BI-RADS 4-5 lesions, yielded malignant pathology in 16 lesions (7%) (including IDC, DCIS, or angiosarcoma). The overall breast cancer risk was 2%. Ultrasound sensitivity was 94%, specificity 85%, and negative predictive value 99%. The negative predictive value for dedicated physical examination without imaging was 100%. The biopsy-proven positive predictive value was 0 in patients with a normal breast examination compared to 18% in patients with a palpable finding on breast examination (p = 0.0017).

CONCLUSION: A subset of women <40 years old with average breast cancer risk and breast pain, who would normally be referred for imaging, can be triaged by a dedicated physical examination. Limiting ultrasound evaluation to those with palpable findings will spare patients and the healthcare system unnecessary radiology and biopsy studies.},
}

@article {pmid40042344,
year = {2025},
author = {Raeisi, N and Saber Tanha, A and Aryana, K and Akbari Oryani, M and Barashki, S},
title = {99mTc-FAPI-46 Uptake in Simultaneous Occurrence of Benign Thyroid Nodule and Mixed-Mucinous-Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000005729},
pmid = {40042344},
issn = {1536-0229},
abstract = {We present a case of a 65-year-old woman diagnosed with mixed mucinous-invasive ductal carcinoma, a rare subtype of breast cancer. Utilizing 99mTc-FAPI-46 scintigraphy, we observed a high target-to-background ratio in the breast mass and metastatic axillary lymph nodes. Notably, a benign follicular nodule was also detected in the thyroid which showed absent 99mTc-FAPI uptake. Our findings suggest that 99mTc-FAPI-46 shares similar characteristics with 68Ga-FAPI and may outperform 18F-FDG PET/CT in mucinous breast cancer. This case highlights the potential of FAPI as a predictive biomarker for malignancy and its role in benign findings.},
}

@article {pmid40042161,
year = {2025},
author = {Kayadibi, Y and Kargin, OA and Aladag Kurt, S and Ozturk, T and Yilmaz, MH},
title = {Pilot Study to Evaluate the Association Between Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) and Histologic Markers of Angiogenesis in Patients With Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jum.16674},
pmid = {40042161},
issn = {1550-9613},
support = {TSA-2021-35724//Scientific Research Coordination Unit of Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Increasing microvessel density and angiogenesis are linked to a poor prognosis in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. This study aims to investigate intratumoral and peritumoral microvascular flow using superb microvascular imaging (SMI) in patients with IDC and explore its association with histologic markers of tumoral angiogenesis.

METHODS: Fifty-four female patients with IDC (mean age 49.5 ± 14.8 years) were evaluated using SMI before biopsy. The quantitative and qualitative vascular parameters on SMI (Adler's classification, vascular index, morphology, distribution, and penetration) were assessed. Histologic markers of angiogenesis (VEGF, ERG, and CD34) were analyzed via immunohistochemical staining in both intratumoral and peritumoral compartments of biopsy specimens. The expression levels were categorized semi-quantitatively as low or high groups based on the Allred scoring system. The association between histological and SMI parameters was analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed according to lesion size, axillary lymph node metastasis, and histological grade.

RESULTS: IDCs with higher expression of VEGF in the peritumoral region showed a higher vascular index (7 ± 6.4 [95% CI 5.2-8.8] versus 3.7 ± 0.9 [95% CI 2.3-5.2], P = .003) on SMI. Likewise, high peritumoral ERG expression was linked to a higher vascular index (7.2 ± 6.3 [95% CI 5.4-9.0] versus 2.4 ± 1 [95% CI 1.1-3.8], P < .001), complex vessel morphology (66.7% versus 20%, P = .024), penetrating vessels (63% versus 20%, P = .037), and central vascularity (77.6% versus 20%, P = .006). Tumors with higher intratumoral ERG expression demonstrated a more complex vessel morphology on SMI (85.7% versus 60%, P = .047). The presence of axillary lymph node metastasis was associated with a higher vascular index (10 ± 7.6 [95%CI 6.7-13.2] versus 4.2 ± 3 [95%CI 3.1-5.3], < .001), complex morphology (83.3% versus 53.3%, P = .020), and penetrating vessels (63.2% versus 50%, P = .027) on SMI, as well as higher peritumoral ERG expression (100% versus 83.3%, P = .045).

CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, tumors with higher neo-angiogenic activity based on histological markers correlate with increased vascular index, complex vessel morphology, penetrating vessels, and central vascularity on SMI. Larger studies are needed to assess the diagnostic accuracy and utility of risk stratification of patients.},
}

@article {pmid40039929,
year = {2024},
author = {Rukhsana, and Khan, WA and Conway, M and Lee, YJ and Khattak, AM},
title = {BCAT2 Expression in IDC Breast Cancer subtypes: A Weighted Feature-Based Approach to Identify and Rank Associated Genes Across Public Datasets.},
journal = {Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference},
volume = {2024},
number = {},
pages = {1-4},
doi = {10.1109/EMBC53108.2024.10782766},
pmid = {40039929},
issn = {2694-0604},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism ; *Transaminases/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/metabolism ; Databases, Genetic ; Prognosis ; Gene Expression Profiling ; },
abstract = {It has been observed that breast cancer is associated with dysregulation of several metabolic pathways that produce metabolite addiction, such as the dependence on glutamine for tumor development. These discoveries might be applied to personalized treatment of this heterogeneous illness by employing specific gene expression or metabolites in cancer therapy. BCAT1 and BCAT2 encode the human branched-chain aminotransferase proteins (hBCAT) involved in cellular metabolism process. Here BCAT2 is exploited through weighted feature-based approach to identify and rank associated genes across public datasets of breast cancer invasive ductal carcinoma patients. BCAT2 lower expression was observed to have the worst prognosis, and BCAT2 gene expression which might be associated with triggering the risk, are ranked, and visualized in different subtypes of breast cancer. These findings give a strong clue to further investigate through experimental approach.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism
*Transaminases/genetics/metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/metabolism
Databases, Genetic
Prognosis
Gene Expression Profiling

@article {pmid40038709,
year = {2025},
author = {Reunanen, VLJ and Jokinen, TS and Lilja-Maula, L and Hytönen, MK and Lappalainen, AK},
title = {Allelic frequency of 12-FGF4RG and the association between the genotype with number of calcified intervertebral discs visible on radiographs in Coton de Tuléar and French Bulldog breeds.},
journal = {BMC veterinary research},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {140},
pmid = {40038709},
issn = {1746-6148},
mesh = {Animals ; Dogs ; *Dog Diseases/genetics/diagnostic imaging ; *Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/veterinary/genetics/diagnostic imaging ; *Genotype ; *Gene Frequency ; *Calcinosis/veterinary/genetics/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Intervertebral Disc/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Radiography/veterinary ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 4/genetics ; Prospective Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a major welfare issue in chondrodystrophic dogs. It is a consequence of chondroid metaplasia of the nucleus pulposus, leading to premature degeneration and calcification of the intervertebral discs (IVDs). Radiographic grading based on the number of calcified discs visible on radiograph (CDVR) between the ages of 24-48 months is an established method for selective breeding against IVDD in dogs. Premature IVD degeneration has a genetic background, and a FGF4 retrogene insertion on chromosome 12 (12-FGF4RG) has been shown to be involved. The aim of this study was to determine the 12-FGF4RG allele frequency and genotype proportions, and the influence of the 12-FGF4RG genotype on number of CDVR in a study population of young adult Coton de Tuléars and French Bulldogs. In this combined prospective and retrospective analytical study, we investigated dogs radiographically screened at 24-48 months of age. The first dataset consisted of 12-FGF4RG genotyping results of 465 Coton de Tuléars and intervertebral disc calcification (IDC) grading results (no, mild, moderate, or severe) for 222 of them. The second dataset included 12-FGF4RG genotypes and IDC grading results (no or severe) of 81 French Bulldogs.

RESULTS: We observed 12-FGF4RG homozygous, heterozygous and wildtype individuals in both studied breeds. The 12-FGF4RG allele frequencies were also lower than previously reported in the studied breeds and Coton de Tuléars had lower allele frequency (0.35) than French Bulldogs (0.85). The distribution of IDC grading results were 59% no, 16% mild, 9% moderate and 16% severe in Coton de Tuléars and 59% no and 41% severe in French Bulldogs. In both breeds, every copy of the 12-FGF4RG allele significantly increased the risk for a higher number of CDVR, indicating incomplete dominance.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the significant association between the 12-FGF4RG allele and the number of CDVR and IDC grade in two different chondrodystrophic breeds in age-controlled cohorts of young adult dogs. Our results also suggest that radiographic screening of CDVR and genetic testing of 12-FGF4RG could be used to breed against IVD degeneration predisposing to IVDD.},
}

Animals
Dogs
*Dog Diseases/genetics/diagnostic imaging
*Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/veterinary/genetics/diagnostic imaging
*Genotype
*Gene Frequency
*Calcinosis/veterinary/genetics/diagnostic imaging
Female
Male
Retrospective Studies
Intervertebral Disc/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Radiography/veterinary
Fibroblast Growth Factor 4/genetics
Prospective Studies
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Intervertebral Disc Displacement

@article {pmid40037930,
year = {2025},
author = {Shaikh, K and Arif, A and Mooghal, M and Mushtaque Vohra, L},
title = {Promoting Oncological Safety: Extreme Oncoplasty as an Alternative to Mastectomy-Insights From a Single-Center Experience in Low and Middle-Income Country.},
journal = {World journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/wjs.12521},
pmid = {40037930},
issn = {1432-2323},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Extreme oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (eOBCS), euphemism for radical conservation, expands the indications of breast conservation for tumor that typically requires a mastectomy. Existing data show no discernible survival differences between mastectomy and breast-conserving surgery; however, limited evidence exists regarding local recurrences between these groups. We report the oncological outcomes of eOBCS in terms of margin safety and disease recurrence at our institute. Median surgical margin was 0.68 (0.2-2) cm away. Two patients (4.3%) required re-excision of positive margins. One locoregional and four distant disease recurrences were encountered with 5-year local recurrence free, distant recurrence free, and overall survivals estimated to be 91%, 73%, and 78%, respectively. Satisfactory cosmesis was attained in all patients without significant perioperative complications.

METHODOLOGY: 47 patients underwent eOBCS between July'17 and June'22. Mean follow-up was 54 (24-84) months. Primary endpoints were the resection margin status and need for reoperation. Secondary endpoints were 5-year local and distant recurrence free and overall survivals. Median surgical margin was 0.68 (0.2-2) cm away. Two patients (4.3%) required re-excision of positive margins. One locoregional and four distant disease recurrences were encountered with 5-year local recurrence free, distant recurrence free, and overall survivals estimated to be 91%, 73%, and 78%, respectively. Satisfactory cosmesis was attained in all patients without significant perioperative complications.

RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis was 46.8 (±13.2) years. IDC (70.2%) was the commonest histological type. 32% of cancers were >5 cm in size, 30% were multifocal, and 40.4% were node positive. 25% were triple negative whereas, 7% were Her2Neu positive. Therapeutic mammoplasty (44.4%) was the frequently performed surgical procedure followed by local rotational flaps (27.6%). Mean pretreatment mammographic tumor size was 50 mm (±7.5) mm. 40.4% of the patients qualified for neoadjuvant therapies and 91.5% received radiation. Median surgical margin was 0.68 (0.2-2) cm away. Two patients (4.3%) required re-excision of positive margins. One locoregional and four distant disease recurrences were encountered with 5-year local recurrence free, distant recurrence free, and overall survivals estimated to be 91%, 73%, and 78%, respectively. Satisfactory cosmesis was attained in all patients without significant perioperative complications.

CONCLUSION: eOBCS is an innovative and aesthetically promising surgical technique enabling successful breast conservation in patients necessitating mastectomy. Our data substantiate the oncological safety of eOBCS; however, it requires appropriate patient selection and multidisciplinary planning.},
}

@article {pmid40037859,
year = {2025},
author = {DE Sarkar, S and Banerjee, S and Ismail, A and Mavadia, A and Choi, S and Ghose, A and Boussios, S},
title = {Male Breast Cancer: A Single Institutional Clinicopathological Profiling.},
journal = {Anticancer research},
volume = {45},
number = {3},
pages = {1097-1104},
doi = {10.21873/anticanres.17497},
pmid = {40037859},
issn = {1791-7530},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/therapy/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy/genetics ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: Male breast cancer (MBC) is an infrequent occurrence accounting for <1% of overall breast cancers. With limited data, MBC remains a therapeutic challenge, warranting the need for meticulous recording of all cases encountered.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study in an Indian tertiary public hospital where 29 MBC cases registered between August 2020 and July 2023 were recorded and their epidemiological data, clinical profile, treatment history and survival data were analyzed.

RESULTS: MBC was 3% of all breast cancer cases reported in three years, and the most common age group affected was between 41 and 60 years. Most cases presented at Stage IIIB, with the majority showing axillary nodal involvement. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most frequent histology with luminal B and triple-negative variants having the highest incidence. Most patients underwent upfront surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. At the end of one year, 50% of patients were found to survive with no disease progression.

CONCLUSION: Our results corroborate with previously recorded experience with MBC in terms of age distribution, stage of presentation, histology and treatment offered. However, our results demonstrated a higher proportion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases, as compared to previous literature. The increment of TNBC cases among males, therefore, reassures the need for breast cancer (BRCA) gene testing among all males afflicted with breast cancer.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/therapy/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Male
Adult
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Neoplasm Staging
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy/genetics
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant

@article {pmid40037052,
year = {2025},
author = {Qayyum, MA and Mahmood, S and Bahadur, A and Iqbal, S and Zidan, A and Saad, M and Mahmood, MH and Farooq, T and Batool, M and Atif, M and Jaber, F and Rahman, KM and Farooq, Z and Asiri, YA and Farouk, AE and Aloufi, S},
title = {Study of toxic and essential elemental imbalances at more advance stage of breast carcinoma patients.},
journal = {Pathology, research and practice},
volume = {269},
number = {},
pages = {155866},
doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2025.155866},
pmid = {40037052},
issn = {1618-0631},
abstract = {Delayed diagnosis and limited access to healthcare resources are leading to advanced stage breast carcinoma posing a formidable health challenge to modern medical science. Avoiding the occurrence of breast carcinoma is only possible by ascertaining the risk factors contributing to the progression of this fatal malignancy. Among other factors, exposure to trace elements plays a decisive role in progression of breast carcinoma development. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the harmful traces and vital components (Pb, Ca, Mn, Cd, Na, Cr, Cu, Mg, Sr, K, Fe, Zn, Co, Li, Se, Ag, Hg, As, Al and Ni) contents in the blood (n = 161), scalp hair (n = 149) and nails (n = 135) of stage IV breast carcinoma patients and female controls by atomic absorption spectrometry. The results revealed that mean Cr, Cu, Pb and Cd levels were elevated significantly (p < 0.05) in the nails and blood, while Ni, Co, Cr, Pb and Cd levels (p < 0.05) were elevated in the scalp hair of stage IV breast carcinoma patients than the female controls. Based on pathological breast cancer types, Pb and Cd were elevated in invasive ductal carcinoma, while Cu and Co were higher in invasive lobular carcinoma patients. Multivariate analysis was applied for the source of identification and apportionment of toxic trace elements in both donor groups. Most of the factors showed significant differences between the malignant and control groups' dietary, housing, and tobacco use/nonuse behaviors. The correlation analysis revealed significantly different association patterns for toxic trace elements in patients and controls and has an influential effect on cancer risk. Overall, the current study indicates a potential role of toxic trace elements in the development of breast carcinoma and these findings could be significant in the predicting diagnosis/prognosis of breast malignancy.},
}