@article {pmid41224411,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, E and Wen, HY},
title = {Special Subtypes of Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma.},
journal = {Surgical pathology clinics},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {665-673},
doi = {10.1016/j.path.2025.08.009},
pmid = {41224411},
issn = {1875-9157},
abstract = {Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) encompasses a diverse group of tumors lacking expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. While conventional TNBC of no special type (IDC-NST) is often aggressive, histologically special subtypes such as metaplastic carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, IDC-NST medullary pattern and secretory carcinoma display distinct morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular hallmarks that markedly influence prognosis and therapy. Several of these entities have favorable outcomes or actionable targets (eg, androgen-receptor antagonists or TRK inhibitors). This article summarizes current knowledge on their classification, diagnostics, and clinical management, emphasizing opportunities for precision medicine in TNBC.},
}

@article {pmid41223787,
year = {2025},
author = {Zweck, E and Piel, S and Schmidt, JW and Scheiber, D and Schön, M and Kahl, S and Burkart, V and Dewidar, B and Remus, R and Chadt, A and Al-Hasani, H and Mastrototaro, L and Aubin, H and Boeken, U and Lichtenberg, A and Distler, J and Polzin, A and Kelm, M and Westenfeld, R and Wagner, R and Schrauwen, P and Szendroedi, J and Roden, M and Granata, C},
title = {Impaired mitochondrial ketone body oxidation in insulin resistant states.},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
volume = {122},
number = {},
pages = {106007},
doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.106007},
pmid = {41223787},
issn = {2352-3964},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Reduced mitochondrial respiratory function has been implicated in metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), which are tightly linked to insulin resistance and impaired metabolic flexibility. However, the contribution of the ketone bodies (KBs) β-hydroxybutyrate (HBA) and acetoacetate (ACA) as substrates for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in these insulin resistant states remains unclear.

METHODS: Targeted high-resolution respirometry protocols were applied to detect the differential contribution of HBA and ACA to OXPHOS capacity in heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and liver of distinct human or murine cohorts with T2D, obesity, and MASLD.

FINDINGS: In humans with T2D, KB-driven mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity was ∼30% lower in the heart (p < 0.05) and skeletal muscle (p < 0.05) compared to non-diabetic controls. The relative contribution of KBs to maximal OXPHOS capacity in T2D was also lower in both the heart (∼25%, p < 0.05) and skeletal muscle (∼50%, p < 0.05). Similarly, in kidney cortex from high-fat diet-induced obese mice, both the absolute and relative contribution of KBs to OXPHOS capacity was ∼15% lower (p < 0.05). Finally, hepatic HBA-driven mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity was 29% lower (p < 0.05) in obese humans with hepatic steatosis compared to humans without.

INTERPRETATION: Mitochondrial KB-driven OXPHOS capacity is impaired in insulin resistant states in various organs in absolute and relative terms, likely reflecting impaired mitochondrial metabolic flexibility. Our data suggest that KB respirometry can provide a sensitive readout of impaired mitochondrial function in diabetes, obesity, and MASLD.

FUNDING: German Research Foundation, German Diabetes Center, German Federal Ministry of Health, Ministry of Culture and Science of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, German Center for Diabetes Research, German Heart Foundation, German Diabetes Society, Christiane-and-Claudia Hempel Foundation, European Community and Schmutzler Stiftung.},
}

@article {pmid41224957,
year = {2025},
author = {Ji, H and Rohm, M},
title = {Reawakening cAMP signalling in cancer cachexia.},
journal = {Nature metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41224957},
issn = {2522-5812},
}

@article {pmid41220400,
year = {2026},
author = {Fedai, NK and Koc, I and Kavgaci, G and Uner, M and Uner, A and Aksoy, S and Kertmen, N},
title = {Prognostic significance of ductal carcinoma in situ coexisting with invasive ductal carcinoma: Biological behavior, immune response and survival outcomes.},
journal = {Molecular and clinical oncology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {1},
pmid = {41220400},
issn = {2049-9469},
abstract = {Biological differences exist between invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and IDC + ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) tumors including variations in tumor grade, hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression, proliferative activity and molecular subtype. The present study evaluated the impact of the coexistence of IDC + DCIS on tumor microenvironment, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), clinical and pathological features, prognosis and survival. A total of 165 patients with IDC and 404 with IDC + DCIS were enrolled and treated in the outpatient clinic, Hacettepe University Department of Medical Oncology (Ankara, Turkey) between January 2014 and July 2021. Compared with IDC, patients with IDC + DCIS were more likely to be hormone receptor-positive and had a lower rate of mastectomy and Ki-67 index (both P<0.05). The co-existence of DCIS was associated with significantly improved overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (both P<0.05). Furthermore, patients with IDC had 2.14-fold higher odds of death and 2.44-fold higher odds of recurrence/distant metastasis/death than patients with IDC + DCIS. The present study supports the behavioral differences of IDC and IDC + DCIS and suggests these two groups of tumors may also behave differently in terms of antitumor immune response. As the DCIS component is positively associated with favorable prognostic features, the presence of the DCIS is associated with improved DFS and OS. DCIS accompaniment may have prognostic value for patients with breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid41216105,
year = {2025},
author = {Tweed, EK and Berman, AJ and Josey, M},
title = {Invasive Breast Carcinoma With a Multi-cystic Papillary Growth Pattern: A Unique Morphology of Invasion Not Currently Well Classified by the World Health Organization.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {e94223},
pmid = {41216105},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Papillary neoplasia of the breast is notoriously difficult to classify, even for seasoned pathologists and those subspecialized in breast pathology. Over the past few decades, the classification of these lesions has undergone multiple updates, and several newly recognized entities have been added. Multiple benign and malignant breast entities are characterized by the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite these categorizations, pathologists are sometimes presented with papillary morphologies and features that do not fit perfectly into any one of these classifications. We present a case of a 62-year-old female with an invasive breast carcinoma of a type that we believe is not currently well characterized by the WHO and that exhibits a papillary growth pattern, specifically invading as multi-cystic papillary structures.},
}

@article {pmid41212525,
year = {2025},
author = {Avidor, S and Shenkman, G and Shrira, A and Cohn-Schwartz, E and Palgi, Y and Greenblatt-Kimron, L},
title = {Views of Aging and Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Older Adult War Veterans in the Context of Renewed War.},
journal = {The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbaf226},
pmid = {41212525},
issn = {1758-5368},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: For aging combat veterans, experiencing renewed war in old age can exacerbate coping with age-related challenges. The present study sought to examine how past and current war-related stressors affect long-term trajectories of PTSD symptoms and views of aging (VoA) among a sample of older adult war veterans during wartime.

METHODS: The participants were 239 combat veterans of the 1973 Yom Kippur War (YKW), randomly selected to complete a longitudinal web-based survey, aged between 69 and 88 years (M = 73.76, SD = 3.66 in T3). The present study relied on data collected before the Israel-Hamas War (T1) and several months into the war (T2 and T3).

RESULTS: Controlling for chronological age and self-rated health, we conducted three path analyses predicting one of three VoA measures (attitudes toward own aging [ATOA], subjective accelerated aging, and subjective age), PTSD symptoms from the YKW, as well as PTSD symptoms from the Israel-Hamas War at T3. Cross-lagged effects revealed that higher PTSD symptoms from the YKW at T2 predicted higher PTSD symptoms from the Israel-Hamas War at T3, but not vice versa. T1 VoA predicted T2 PTSD symptoms from the YKW, and T2 VoA predicted T3 PTSD symptoms from both the current and the past wars, while PTSD symptoms in previous assessments did not predict subsequent VoA.

DISCUSSION: Present findings suggest that exposure to current trauma of war among older adult war veterans might uniquely shape the long-term trajectories of their VoA and PTSD symptoms, while contradicting the previously found PTSD symptoms-VoA directionality.},
}

@article {pmid41210442,
year = {2025},
author = {Alarfaj, L and Almass, AA and Takrouni, A and Alajmi, S},
title = {Rectus sternalis-a rare anatomical variation found during mastectomy: report of two cases and literature review.},
journal = {AME case reports},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {150},
pmid = {41210442},
issn = {2523-1995},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rectus sternalis (RS) is a rare normal variant of the anterior chest wall musculature; in humans, it is occasionally found while it is part of some animals' musculature. It was first reported in 1604, but it did not catch much attention and was only formally described in 1726. Many names have been used to refer to it, such as RS or musculus sternalis. It is mostly observed in Asians, and in Saudi Arabia, the prevalence was found to be 4%. It can be confused with tumors of the anterior chest wall during routine mammography. Also, it can affect the radiation field after surgery and can be utilized in reconstructive surgery. So, we believe that it is important for oncology surgeons, radiologists, radiation oncologists and reconstructive surgeons to have the knowledge of this rare anatomical variation.

CASE DESCRIPTION: We report two cases of RS muscle discovered in Saudi Arabian females during modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer, paying special attention to its correct identification, its clinical importance, and its impact on treatment of breast cancer. The first case is a 47-year-old female with bilateral RS who underwent mastectomy for inflammatory breast cancer, while the second is a 50-year-old female with a unilateral muscle who underwent mastectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons should be knowledgeable of such variation as the muscle can be a differential diagnosis, may affect the management of breast cancer, and can be used in reconstructive surgery.},
}

@article {pmid41210062,
year = {2025},
author = {Matsushima, T and Oura, S},
title = {Subnipple Cyst Formation Is an Important Diagnostic Clue for Mixed-Type Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Breast: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {e93978},
pmid = {41210062},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {It is well known that breast squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) have highly cystic components. It, however, is not yet known whether the location of cystic areas contributes to the diagnosis of breast SCCs. A 62-year-old woman with a right breast mass was referred to our hospital. Mammography showed an oval mass just under the right nipple and distortion of the adjacent mammary gland with pleomorphic calcifications. Ultrasound showed a subnipple large oval cystic lesion with solid parts, microcalcifications, and an adjacent polygonal mass, both with a high depth/width ratio and internal punctuate high echoes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the masses clarified the connection between the two masses at their deep borders and showed low signals on T1-weighted images and high and slightly high signals at the cyst and mass parts on T2-weighted images, respectively. Core needle biopsy of the solid mass pathologically showed atypical cells growing in tubular and cord-like fashions with connective tissue proliferation, leading to the diagnosis of scirrhous type invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). The patient, therefore, underwent mastectomy and sentinel node biopsy, showing pathological node negativity on frozen section. Postoperative pathological study showed that the scirrhous type IDC cells were connected to pleomorphic spindle cells and further tied up to SCC cells with central cystic structures. In addition to estrogen and progesterone receptor negativity, immunostaining showed human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) negativity in the IDC components and equivocality in the SCC components. Thereafter, fluorescence in situ hybridization clarified no amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) genes in the SCC components. The patient recovered uneventfully, received dose-dense chemotherapy, and is scheduled for long-term follow-up on an outpatient basis. Diagnostic physicians should consider mixed-type breast SCCs when breast tumors have cystic structures just under the nipple and an adjacent solid mass.},
}

@article {pmid41209903,
year = {2025},
author = {Nagata, Y and Kinoshita, I and Saeki, T and Uchiyama, D and Fujikawa, T},
title = {Intertumoral Heterogeneity in Multifocal Breast Cancer Mimicking a Collision Tumor on Imaging: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {e94235},
pmid = {41209903},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast cancer exhibits heterogeneity characterized by intertumor heterogeneity, where distinct lesions present different subtypes, and intratumor heterogeneity, where a single tumor evolves over time. We present a unique case of synchronous, adjacent multifocal breast cancers demonstrating histological findings of distinct molecular subtypes. A 72-year-old woman with a history of ovarian cancer and a family history of breast cancer presented with a right breast lump. Imaging showed two contiguous but distinct lesions. Core needle biopsy identified invasive ductal carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed luminal B and luminal B/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive subtypes. Total mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed, and pathology confirmed two partially fused tumors separated by fibrous stroma. The HER2-positive component demonstrated higher proliferative activity and nuclear grade. Postoperatively, the patient received chemotherapy, anti-HER2 therapy, and remains disease-free on endocrine therapy. This case highlights a rare breast cancer presentation with identical histology but different molecular subtypes mimicking a collision tumor on imaging. It underscores the clinical relevance of tumor heterogeneity and the importance of combining imaging, pathology, and molecular profiling for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment.},
}

@article {pmid41204507,
year = {2025},
author = {Tian, C and Wu, J and Wang, Z},
title = {Diagnostic value of automated breast volume scanner for breast ductal carcinoma in situ.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {45},
pages = {e45499},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000045499},
pmid = {41204507},
issn = {1536-5964},
support = {XZ2024ZR-ZY117(Z)//Xizang Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation Group Medical Aid Project/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis ; *Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; },
abstract = {This study explores the differential diagnostic value of conventional dimensional ultrasound (US) and automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) for breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients. A total of 986 female patients who underwent breast tumor surgery in our hospital from December 2019 to December 2022 were included. Clinical, US, ABVS, and pathological information were collected from all of the patients. Pathological results were used to separate patients into 3 groups: benign, DCIS, and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Single-factor and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the characteristics of DCIS. Of the 986 patients with breast tumors included in this study, 498, 193, and 295 were diagnosed with benign, DCIS, and IDC tumors, respectively. Compared with benign tumors, DCIS tumors were characterized by higher age at onset and breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) grades, together with high rates of extension to the nipple, microcalcification, convergence sign, abundant blood supply, and nipple discharge proportion. Relative to IDC patients, DCIS tumors exhibited lower BI-RADS grades, aspect ratio values, and Ki-67 index values together with lower rates of irregular morphology, unclear boundaries, posterior echo attenuation, convergence sign, enhanced peripheral echo, nipple discharge, and palpable masses, and higher rates of extension to the nipple. Higher microcalcification rates in DCIS tumors were observed than the proportion of non-calcification in IDC cases. Conventional US and ABVS images of DCIS tumors exhibit certain distinctive characteristics that can aid in the differential diagnosis of DCIS.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis
*Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods
Adult
Aged
Diagnosis, Differential
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Retrospective Studies
Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology

@article {pmid41203847,
year = {2025},
author = {Bernardino, RM and Lobo, J and Kaouk, J and van der Kwast, T and Prendeville, S and Zanotti, F and Bianchi, L and Martini, A and Rajwa, P and Kasivisvanathan, V and Marra, G and Fleshner, N and , },
title = {Atypical intraductal proliferation in prostate biopsy - a diagnostic grey zone with clinical implications.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41203847},
issn = {1759-4820},
abstract = {Atypical intraductal proliferation (AIP) is considered a borderline lesion, characterized by architectural complexity and cytological atypia greater than that seen in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, but insufficient to fulfil the diagnostic criteria for intraductal carcinoma (IDC). Consequently, AIP remains diagnostically challenging, and the clinical significance of this lesion is still uncertain. Emerging evidence suggests that AIP in prostate biopsy specimens is a strong predictor of unsampled IDC and other adverse pathological features, warranting reconsideration of the AIP role in prostate cancer risk stratification. Results from prospective and molecular studies indicate that AIP frequently coexists with intermediate-risk prostate cancer and shares molecular alterations with IDC, such as PTEN loss and ERG overexpression, reinforcing AIP potential as a marker of occult aggressive disease. Considering the growing emphasis on precision diagnostics and active surveillance in prostate cancer management, understanding the implications of AIP is particularly relevant.},
}

@article {pmid41202469,
year = {2025},
author = {Esposito, A and Corsaro, L and Delle Cave, I and Nicolella, V and Palladino, R and Affinito, G and Selvaggi, F and Petracca, M and Carotenuto, A and Lanzillo, R and Portella, G and Castaldo, G and Brescia Morra, V and Moccia, M},
title = {Anti-EBV antibody reduction during ocrelizumab treatment is not associated with multiple sclerosis outcomes.},
journal = {Multiple sclerosis and related disorders},
volume = {104},
number = {},
pages = {106830},
doi = {10.1016/j.msard.2025.106830},
pmid = {41202469},
issn = {2211-0356},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) involves genetic, environmental and immunological aspects. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is recognized as a major risk factor for MS, potentially contributing through infection and transformation of CD20 B cells. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD20, such as ocrelizumab, may exert therapeutic effects by depleting memory B cells harbouring latent EBV.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to evaluate changes in serum anti-EBV immunoglobulin G (IgG) titres and clinical correlates during ocrelizumab treatment.

METHODS: We analysed serum samples from 58 patients treated with ocrelizumab, with levels of total IgG, anti-CMV IgG, and anti-EBV IgG before treatment initiation and after mean follow-up of 4.8 ± 1.5 years. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests to evaluate longitudinal changes in antibody levels, and linear regression models to investigate associations between IgG changes and relapse occurrence, MRI activity, EDSS progression and their combination.

RESULTS: Over 4.8 ± 1.5 years, we observed significant reductions in anti-EBV IgG (percentage mean change -8.2%, p = 0.03), comparable to the decline in total IgG (-8.8%, p < 0.01) and anti-CMV IgG (-7.8%, p < 0.01). No significant associations were identified between changes in anti-EBV IgG and different outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Ocrelizumab treatment was associated with reductions in total, anti-EBV and anti-CMV IgGs. Antibody-mediated response to EBV was not associated with disease worsening.},
}

@article {pmid41201012,
year = {2025},
author = {Ozer, SP and Ozer, B and Aktas, G},
title = {Tumor budding in preoperative breast biopsies predicts sentinel lymph node metastasis.},
journal = {Biomolecules & biomedicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.17305/bb.2025.13323},
pmid = {41201012},
issn = {2831-090X},
abstract = {Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a pivotal technique employed to assess the necessity for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), evaluated during the preoperative phase through clinical and radiological findings. The preoperative identification of sentinel lymph node metastasis has gained paramount importance in the surgical management of breast cancer. Tumor budding (TB) has emerged as a significant prognostic marker across various cancers, including breast cancer, where it is instrumental in detecting lymph node metastasis. This study aims to investigate the role of tumor budding in predicting sentinel lymph node metastasis in preoperative breast biopsies. We included patients diagnosed with breast cancer, specifically those with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), who underwent preoperative needle biopsy and subsequent evaluation of postoperative surgical specimens, as well as SLNB at our medical center. The histological slides of these cases were reevaluated, and tumor cell clusters comprising up to four cells were classified as TB. Lymph nodes exhibiting tumor cell involvement, limited to macrometastasis, were classified as positive. A total of 65 patients were enrolled in the study. Among these, 36 patients exhibited TB in their preoperative biopsies, while 29 did not. The median tumor sizes were 20 mm (range: 6-50 mm) in the TB-positive group and 19 mm (range: 2-50 mm) in the TB-negative group (p=0.3). Sentinel lymph node metastasis was detected in 18 patients with TB, compared to only five patients without TB, a difference that was statistically significant (p=0.006). We conclude that evaluating tumor budding in breast tru-cut specimens, in conjunction with clinical and radiological findings, may enhance the preoperative assessment of breast cancer cases requiring SLNB.},
}

@article {pmid41199830,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, X and Li, M and Hong, J and Wu, Y and Fu, T and Song, D},
title = {Case Report: A rare case of thyroid metastasis from breast cancer.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1692891},
pmid = {41199830},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: To analyze the clinicopathological features, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for metastatic breast carcinoma to the thyroid (MBCT) to enhance clinical awareness of this rare condition.

METHODS: Analysis of clinical data from one MBCT patient and literature review.

RESULTS: A 41-year-old female with left breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) received neoadjuvant AC-T chemotherapy, breast-conserving surgery, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy. At eight years post-diagnosis, thyroid lesions were detected. Total thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection confirmed MBCT pathologically. No progression was observed at 16 months post-thyroidectomy.

CONCLUSIONS: MBCT is a rare clinical entity characterized by nonspecific clinical and radiological findings. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis is essential for a definitive diagnosis. In patients with a breast cancer history, MBCT should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of thyroid abnormalities.},
}

@article {pmid41199347,
year = {2025},
author = {Wounounou, G and Tiono, AB and Ogutu, B and Manyando, C and Sagara, I and Schneitter, S and Bassat, Q and Gaaloul, ME and Marrast, AC and Demin, I and Winnips, C and Risterucci, C and Hugot, S and Hofstetter, G and Qian, Z and Su, G and Zhang, J and Renner, KC and Cousin, M and Venishetty, VK and Sayyed, S and Gandhi, P and Kabore, B and , },
title = {Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of an optimized dose of artemether-lumefantrine in the treatment of acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in neonates and infants of less than 5 kg body weight: a multicentre, open-label, single-arm phase 2/3 study (CALINA).},
journal = {Tropical medicine and health},
volume = {53},
number = {1},
pages = {151},
pmid = {41199347},
issn = {1348-8945},
support = {EDCTP2 Grant number RIA2018SD-2306//Novartis, Medicines for Malaria Venture, PAMAfrica consortium, European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Treatment recommendations for malaria in infants of < 5 kg body weight (BW) are not evidence-based. Due to pharmacokinetic characteristics of this population, weight-based dose adjustments for antimalarials may be suboptimal. The 20 mg artemether:120 mg lumefantrine dispersible tablet, even with dose adjustment, may lead to artemether over-exposure and reduced lumefantrine exposure in patients < 5 kg. PBPK modelling predicted that a 1:12 artemether:lumefantrine ratio dispersible tablet should match efficacious and safe drug exposures in patients 5- < 15 kg treated with the current artemether-lumefantrine dispersible tablet: the CALINA study used an exposure-matching approach to confirm that drug exposures were comparable.

METHODS: Sequential age cohorts (Cohort 1: > 28 days; Cohort 2: 1-28 days) of patients < 5 kg with Plasmodium falciparum malaria received the new artemether-lumefantrine dispersible tablet (each dose 5 mg artemether: 60 mg lumefantrine) twice daily for 3 days. Artemether Cmax, and lumefantrine C168h and Cmax were compared with historical data from patients 5- < 15 kg treated with the current artemether-lumefantrine dispersible tablet. The primary endpoint was met if the 90% CI for artemether Cmax contained the LS mean value from historical data (101 ng/mL). PCR-corrected and uncorrected ACPR at Days 15, 29 and 43 and parasite clearance time were evaluated. Adverse events, laboratory evaluations, and developmental assessments were performed.

RESULTS: In Cohort 1 (N = 22), geometric mean artemether Cmax was 68.0 ng/mL (90% CI 45.1,103 ng/mL); therefore, Cmax was comparable to that in historical data, meeting the primary endpoint. In Cohort 2 (N = 6), there were too few patients for formal analysis, but geometric mean artemether Cmax was comparable to that in Cohort 1 (62.2 ng/mL, 90% CI 33.6,115 ng/mL). In both cohorts, lumefantrine C168h and Cmax were comparable to historical data. PCR-corrected Day 29 ACPR was 95.5% and 100% in Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Treatment was well-tolerated. Developmental assessments at 12 months of age were within the normal range.

CONCLUSIONS: The optimized dose of artemether-lumefantrine (5 mg/60 mg) achieves the exposures required for optimal efficacy and safety in patients < 5 kg body weight with P. falciparum malaria, consistent with those in patients 5- < 15 kg treated with the current dispersible tablet (20 mg/120 mg).

TRIAL REGISTRY: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04300309.},
}

@article {pmid41199300,
year = {2025},
author = {Mustafa, A and Armaghan, M and Shabbir, M and Badshah, Y and Khan, K and Meraj, L and Trembley, JH and Afsar, T and Almajwal, A and Razak, S},
title = {Role of PRKCZ non-synonymous genetic variants in breast cancer development.},
journal = {Cancer cell international},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {390},
pmid = {41199300},
issn = {1475-2867},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Non- synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) impact disease onset and progression. Protein kinase C zeta (PRKCZ) is involved in oncological, neurological, and diabetes pathogenesis. The goal of the research presented here was to investigate the role of nsSNPs in PRKCZ in breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis.

METHODS: Genotyping analysis was performed to determine the association of PRKCZ genetic variants rs1236161858 (G/T), rs367917640 (G/A/C), rs202071893(A/G), and rs757469768(G/A) with BC risk and clinicopathological variables through Tetra-ARMS PCR.

RESULTS: rs1236161858(G/T) was linked to higher BC risk in codominant (OR = 5.227, RR = 2.225), allele model, (OR = 4.701, and RR = 2.186) and log additive (OR = 2.564). rs367917640 (G/A) was associated with increased BC risk in codominant model (OR = 6.419, RR = 2.350), recessive model (OR = 12.09 and, RR = 4.772) and log additive (OR = 3.340). rs367917640(G/C) was linked to higher BC risk in dominant (OR = 4.892, RR = 2.208), recessive (OR = 1.859, RR = 1.34), over dominant (OR = 3.675, RR = 2.028) and log additive (1.579) models respectively. For rs202071893(A/G) codominant model (OR = 2.295 RR = 1.547), dominant model (OR = 5.943, and RR = 1.781) and over dominant model (OR = 3.433, and RR = 1.974) showed significantly higher BC association. rs757469768(G/A) was linked to higher BC risk in both dominant (OR = 0.1479, and RR = 0.4688) and over dominant (OR = 2.005, and RR = 1.455) models. However, rs757469768(G/A) was associated with reduced BC risk in log additive model (OR = 0.4956).rs1236161858 correlated with DCIS and IDC. rs367917640(G/A/C) correlated with early cancer stage, LCIS, DCIS, IDC, luminal A and post-menopause. rs202071893 was associated with HER2[+]and IDC. rs757469768 was not associated with clinicopathological features and risk factors.

CONCLUSION: All five nsSNPs exhibited potential as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for BC. However, the current study findings should be validated by conducting research on large cohorts with representation from diverse population. Furthermore, biological mechanism by which these nsSNPs cause BC pathogenesis could be explored in future studies.},
}

@article {pmid41190515,
year = {2025},
author = {Dupuis, R and Fort, N and Mousset, C and Bruyère, F and Fromont, G},
title = {Spatial Characteristics of Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate.},
journal = {The Prostate},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/pros.70091},
pmid = {41190515},
issn = {1097-0045},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is most often considered a retrograde spread of invasive prostate cancer (PCa) into prostatic ducts, and its presence is associated with a poor prognosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the differential expression between IDC-P and the associated invasive component and the heterogeneity of expression within IDC-P foci.

METHODS: We studied 79 cases of PCa with an intraductal component treated by prostatectomy. TMA blocks were constructed with the intraductal and invasive components and used for immunohistochemical analysis of markers involved in the cell cycle, androgen signaling, hypoxia, DNA repair, and immune checkpoints.

RESULTS: We found a good concordance of expression between both components for ERG, PTEN, p53, and MMR genes, which nevertheless show in some cases a loss restricted to the intraductal component. The expression of Ki67, PD-L1, and GLUT1 was increased in IDP-C compared to the invasive component. Furthermore, spatial heterogeneity was observed in the intraductal component: Ki67, ERG, androgen receptor and p53 were more expressed in the periphery of the lesion, while the expression of PD-L1 and GLUT1 was restricted to the center.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results support a relatedness between invasive PCa and IDC-P, and show increased expression of markers related to PCa aggressiveness in the intraductal component. The spatial heterogeneity within IDC-P suggests a higher degree of hypoxia in the center of the lesion. Increased PD-L1 expression and loss of expression of some MMR genes in IDC-P could lead to increased sensitivity to immunomodulatory treatments.},
}

@article {pmid41184956,
year = {2025},
author = {Kang, E and Shin, IB and Jung, JJ and Byeon, J and Choi, Y and Cheun, JH and Lee, HB and Han, W and Kim, HK and Moon, HG},
title = {Differential prognostic significance of tumor size and node in invasive lobular carcinoma of breast.},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {194},
pmid = {41184956},
issn = {1465-542X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histological type of breast cancer. Despite its distinct clinical and pathological characteristics, ILC shares the same prognostic classification system and adjuvant treatment strategies as invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

METHODS: We reviewed the data of the 16,365 IDC and ILC patients who were treated between 2005 and 2022 at Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH). Also, we conducted a parallel analysis using the data of 247,290 IDC and ILC treated between 2010 and 2015 from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database.

RESULTS: ILC patients were older at diagnosis, had larger tumors, and ILC tumors were predominantly HR-positive/HER2-negative. ILC exhibited unique prognostic implications of anatomic features. Unlike in IDC, the tumor size and nodal status showed differential prognostic impact on survival in ILC. While there was no significant survival difference for different T stages in ILC patients, the prognostic impact of nodal involvement was more pronounced for ILC in the SNUH dataset. Similar survival implication of tumor size and nodal involvement was observed for the ILC cases in the SEER dataset.

CONCLUSION: In ILC, tumor size may not be as strong a predictor of survival as in IDC, while advanced nodal involvement carries a particularly high risk for breast cancer-specific mortality.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13058-025-02141-3.},
}

@article {pmid40625130,
year = {2025},
author = {Grimaldi, L and Garcia-Uzquiano, R and de la Banda, MG and Oulhissane-Omar, A and Tard, C and Saugier-Veber, P and Laugel, V and Desguerre, I and Cintas, P and Vuillerot, C and Audic, F and Cances, C and Stojkovic, T and Urtizberea, JA and Attarian, S and Ropars, J and Quijano-Roy, S and , },
title = {REGISTRE SMA FRANCE: A nationwide observational registry of patients with spinal muscular atrophy in France.},
journal = {Journal of neuromuscular diseases},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {793-803},
doi = {10.1177/22143602251353446},
pmid = {40625130},
issn = {2214-3602},
mesh = {Humans ; *Registries ; France/epidemiology ; *Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/therapy/epidemiology/drug therapy ; Male ; Child ; Female ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Infant ; Oligonucleotides/therapeutic use ; Biological Products/therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Aged ; Azo Compounds ; Pyrimidines ; },
abstract = {BackgroundSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neurodegenerative disease affecting children. Three innovative disease-modifying therapies (DMTs)-nusinersen, risdiplam, and onasemnogene abeparvovec-are available for treatment.ObjectiveTo provide a descriptive overview of patients enrolled in the Registre SMA France until July 22, 2024.MethodsRegistre SMA France is a multicenter, national observational registry that includes patients with SMA-children and adults, treated or untreated. Data collection began retrospectively in 2016 and prospectively in 2020, with a 10-year follow-up plan. The coordinating center is the neuropediatric department of Garches Hospital (AP-HP), while methodological and, regulatory and operational management, are provided by the Clinical Research Unit of AP-HP Paris-Saclay. Financial support is provided through unrestricted grants from Biogen, Novartis, and Roche. Data on patient characteristics, medical and surgical follow-up, treatments, adverse events, and quality of life are recorded via structured forms, with additional modules developed as required (e.g., hematological monitoring post-gene therapy in 2021). Data quality is ensured through routine checks and periodic monitoring.ResultsBy July 22, 2024, 1299 patients from 59 centers were enrolled (299 SMA1, 502 SMA2, 469 SMA3, 19 SMA4, 10 presymptomatic). Of these, 76.2% received DMT (nusinersen: 46.1%, risdiplam: 23.2%, onasemnogene abeparvovec: 9.2%), with 21.5% undergoing sequential or combination therapy. Major complications included ventilatory support (SMA1: 69.9%, SMA2: 64.5%, SMA3: 18.1%), enteral feeding (SMA1: 56.2%SMA1), and spine surgery (SMA2: 24.5%). Survival was significantly higher in treated SMA1 and SMA2 cases.ConclusionThis registry serves as a key resource for understanding the clinical course and treatment outcomes of SMA in the real world, supporting future research and informing clinical and policy decisions in the era of DMTs.Trial registrationNCT04177134.},
}

Humans
*Registries
France/epidemiology
*Muscular Atrophy, Spinal/therapy/epidemiology/drug therapy
Male
Child
Female
Adult
Adolescent
Child, Preschool
Middle Aged
Young Adult
Retrospective Studies
Infant
Oligonucleotides/therapeutic use
Biological Products/therapeutic use
Quality of Life
Aged
Azo Compounds
Pyrimidines

@article {pmid41188210,
year = {2025},
author = {Shi, H and Wang, Y and Miyamoto, H},
title = {Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate With a Solid Nest Pattern May Be More Aggressive Than Gleason Grade 5 Conventional Prostatic Adenocarcinoma.},
journal = {The American journal of surgical pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/PAS.0000000000002480},
pmid = {41188210},
issn = {1532-0979},
abstract = {The grading of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) associated with conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma (CPA) remains controversial, particularly regarding whether IDC-P exhibiting a solid nest pattern is prognostically equivalent to Gleason grade 5 CPA. We retrospectively analyzed consecutive radical prostatectomy patients with grade 5 CPA as a primary, secondary, or tertiary pattern, as well as cribriform IDC-P, while excluding cases exhibiting comedonecrosis within IDC-P. We then compared clinicopathologic features and long-term oncologic outcomes between those with (n=28 [24.3%]) and without (n=87 [75.7%]) solid-pattern IDC-P. Solid IDC-P cases were significantly associated with a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis, larger estimated tumor volume, and more frequent administration of adjuvant therapy immediately after prostatectomy. No significant differences were observed in preoperative prostate-specific antigen, Grade Group, pT stage, or surgical margin status between the 2 groups. Univariate analysis revealed significantly worse biochemical recurrence-free survival (P=0.010) and cancer-specific survival (P=0.003) in patients with solid IDC-P. In multivariable Cox regression analyses, solid IDC-P remained significantly predictive of postoperative recurrence when adjusting for prognostic factors, including Grade Group (hazard ratio 1.902, P=0.039) or the percentage of pattern 5 (hazard ratio 1.986, P=0.028). Solid-pattern IDC-P was thus found to represent an independent adverse prognostic indicator in men undergoing radical prostatectomy, further suggesting that the clinical impact of solid IDC-P versus Gleason grade 5 CPA (or cribriform IDC-P) was not comparable. It might therefore be inadequate to simply translate solid IDC-P as a grade 5 pattern.},
}

@article {pmid41183358,
year = {2025},
author = {Jimenez Arranz, S and Pizarro, F and Fernandez Matamoros, MA and Torrens, J and Sotolongo, L and Fernandez, MT and Gonzalez, R and Delgado, M and Sanz, C and Ciruelos, E and Martinez, M and Martin Arriscado, C and Khan, AM and Nawaz, NE and Grobmyer, S and Albillos, JC},
title = {Vacuum-assisted Biopsy and Surgical Correlation in HER2-positive and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Subtypes in MRI Responders After Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy. BISUCO TRIAL.},
journal = {Journal of breast imaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jbi/wbaf036},
pmid = {41183358},
issn = {2631-6129},
support = {i12-AY12-2018//Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of 7G image-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) in predicting pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) in HER2+ or triple-negative (TN) breast cancer (BC) showing complete response (CR) or almost-CR on MRI.

METHODS: A prospective study was conducted from June 2018 to October 2022 on 25 HER2+ or TN operable BC patients who achieved CR or almost-CR on post-NST MRI. Presurgery, stereotactic or US-guided 7G VAB of the tumor bed was performed, and the pathological findings were compared with surgical results to evaluate the negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and specificity in predicting residual disease.

RESULTS: All tumors were invasive ductal carcinoma, with TN BC accounting for 52% (13/25) and HER2+ for 48% (12/25). MRI showed CR in 60% (15/25) of cases and almost-CR in 40% (10/25). Stereotactic VAB was performed in 84% (21/25) of cases and US-VAB in 16% (4/25), using 7G needles (average 10 samples) in all the cases. Posttreatment changes were demonstrated in all cases. Pathological CR was observed in 80% (20/25) of VAB cases and 84% (21/25) of surgical cases. Vacuum-assisted biopsy had a 100% NPV (95% CI, 83.2-100.0), 97.6% accuracy (95% CI, 92.9-100.0), 100% sensitivity (95% CI, 39.8-100.0), 80% PPV (95% CI, 28.4-99.5), and 95.2% specificity (95% CI, 76.2-99.9).

CONCLUSION: Image-guided VAB with 7G needles in HER2+ or TN BC with CR or almost-CR in post-NST MRI demonstrated a 100% NPV for detecting residual carcinoma when sample correlation and representativeness were ensured. Additional studies with larger patient cohorts are needed to confirm these promising results and to potentially omit surgery through image-guided VAB in selected TN BC and HER2+ BC cases.},
}

@article {pmid41181894,
year = {2025},
author = {Zainurin, NAA and Morphew, RM and Ganti, A and Ivanova, D and Gate, T and Tench, H and Phillips, H and Pennick, M and Mur, LAJ},
title = {The Urinary Proteome Differs with the Presence and Type of Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Journal of proteome research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jproteome.5c00229},
pmid = {41181894},
issn = {1535-3907},
abstract = {Despite advancements in screening and treatment, the incidence of breast cancer (BC) and associated mortality are projected to increase. Therefore, developing a companion diagnostic for BC remains important. Herein, we explore the urinary proteome for biomarkers of BC: 130 urine samples from (1) newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC), n = 46, (2) benign breast disease (BBD), n = 36, (3) symptom control (SC), n = 30, and (4) healthy control (HC), n = 18. The BC class included preinvasive: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n = 3), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (n = 23), and IDC accompanied by DCIS (n = 8) classes. Protein profiling was performed using ThermoScientific ProteomeDiscoverer and analyzed using MetaboAnalyst v6.0, DAVID, and STRING v12.0. Analyses identified 346 significantly (p < 0.05) differentially expressed proteins (DEP) across BC, BBD, SC, and HC. Multivariate Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (five proteins) suggested Area Under the Curve values of 0.985, 0.989, and 0.999 distinguishing BC from BBD, SC, and HC, respectively. DEP elevated in BC included beta-glucuronidase isoform 1, fibrinogen gamma chain, alpha-actinin-1, peptidase inhibitor 16, cysteine-rich C-terminal protein 1 isoform X1, guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1, vascular cell adhesion protein 1, ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1, and tumor protein p63-regulated gene 1 isoform X1. BC types were differentiated based on calpain-2 and cystatin-C expression (p < 0.05). Thus, BC has distinct urinary-protein profiles based on clinical diagnosis, which could be used in real-time noninvasive BC monitoring.},
}

@article {pmid41180847,
year = {2026},
author = {Xing, X and Li, J and Wang, Y and Zhang, S and Li, J and Wang, Y and Zhang, D and Liao, D},
title = {Advanced dual primary male breast cancer and lung cancer: A case report and literature review.},
journal = {Oncology letters},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {2},
pmid = {41180847},
issn = {1792-1082},
abstract = {The current report presents a unique case of advanced male invasive breast cancer coexisting with synchronous primary lung adenocarcinoma, a rare clinical manifestation. The case contributes to the limited literature on male breast cancer and its association with multiple primary malignancies. The patient, a 59-year-old man, presented with a large ulcerative mass in the left breast (14×10 cm) and ground-glass opacities with calcified nodules in the right lower lung lobe (14×14 mm). Imaging and pathology confirmed stage IIIB invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast [human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive, estrogen receptor-positive (80%) and progesterone receptor-positive (5%)] and minimally invasive lung adenocarcinoma. Treatment consisted of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (epirubicin + carboplatin + trastuzumab + pertuzumab), a modified radical mastectomy with latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction and a thoracoscopic lung wedge resection. The therapeutic approach resulted in partial remission of the breast cancer prior to surgery and a stable disease status in the lung, with no recurrence at the 1-year follow-up. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive, integrative strategies and long-term follow-up for managing rare, complex cancer cases.},
}

@article {pmid41179678,
year = {2025},
author = {Baracioli, LS and Rezende, CP and Dos Santos E Silva, L and Alves, DL and da Nóbrega, DF and Chuffa, LGA and Zuccari, DAPC},
title = {Immunohistochemical analysis of Enolase-1 sublocalization in benign and malignant breast tumors: potential implications for tumor progression and prognosis.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1636394},
pmid = {41179678},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Breast cancer is the second most common neoplasm in women and one of the main causes of premature mortality, with a high incidence before the age of seventy. Among its histological subtypes, invasive ductal carcinoma accounts for approximately 65% to 70% of cases and is characterized by significant molecular and prognostic heterogeneity. Although some molecular subtypes benefit from targeted therapies, triple-negative carcinomas remain a considerable clinical challenge, predominantly affecting young women who often subjected to highly aggressive and not always effective conventional treatments. The identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers is essential to optimize therapeutic choices and anticipate potential resistance mechanisms. Enolase-1 (ENO1), a glycolytic enzyme involved in cellular energy homeostasis, has been widely associated with tumor progression and metabolic adaptation in malignant neoplasms. In this study, we investigated ENO1 expression in benign and malignant breast tumors using immunohistochemistry, analyzing both the tissue distribution pattern and staining intensity. Our results suggest that ENO1 may play a predictive diagnostic role, aiding in more individualized therapeutic strategies and contributing to the advancement of precision medicine in breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid41176719,
year = {2025},
author = {Katai, Y and Kamitori, T and Saida, S and Uchihara, Y and Akazawa, R and Isobe, K and Mikami, T and Kubota, H and Kato, I and Umeda, K and Ueno, H and Takita, J},
title = {Clinical Impact of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Clonality in Pediatric B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {21},
pages = {e71336},
doi = {10.1002/cam4.71336},
pmid = {41176719},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {JP19ck0106468//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; 23ama221505//Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research/ ; JP24ama221236//Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research/ ; //Takeda Science Foundation/ ; //Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund/ ; JP17H04224//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JP18K19467//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JP20H00528//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JP21K19405//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JP23K18264//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; JP24H00628//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics ; *Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics/mortality/immunology/pathology ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Neoplasm, Residual/genetics ; Prognosis ; Adolescent ; Infant ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Recent advancements in risk stratification have greatly improved outcomes in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). Despite favorable prognostic indicators, including the absence of cytogenetic abnormalities and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity, relapse remains a major clinical concern.

METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated the clinical significance of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) clonality using RNA sequencing data in BCP-ALL. We analyzed IGH clonality from 136 patients. IGH abundance followed a power law distribution, which enabled us to identify disease clones as outliers based on read count. In total, 330 disease clones were detected, and patients were categorized into three clonotype groups: undetectable disease clone (UDC), incomplete disease clone (IDC), and complete disease clone (CDC). Clinical outcomes were compared across clonotypes, including in subgroups with high hyperdiploidy (HHD) and MRD negativity. Among patients with HHD, significant prognostic differences were observed across clonotypes (event-free survival [EFS], p = 0.01; overall survival [OS], p = 0.08), even among those who were MRD-negative (EFS, p = 0.01; OS, p = 0.03). Furthermore, comparisons of IGH sequences between diagnosis and relapse indicated that while initial disease clones often contributed to relapse, newly expanded clones frequently emerged, particularly in patients with HHD.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the importance of analyzing the IGH repertoire in refining risk stratification and underscore the need for advanced sequencing-based MRD monitoring.},
}

Humans
*Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
*Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics/mortality/immunology/pathology
Child
Male
Female
Child, Preschool
Neoplasm, Residual/genetics
Prognosis
Adolescent
Infant

@article {pmid41176437,
year = {2025},
author = {Kaba, E and Tören, M and Asan, B and Çubukçu, Y and Öztürk, G and Okcu, O and Öztürk, Ç and Çubukçu, SS and Cinoğlu, RS and Özer, E and Çeliker, FB and Hürsoy, N},
title = {Comparative Evaluation of Advanced Deep Learning, Image-to-Text Models, and Radiomics for Predicting Tumor Budding and Tumor-Stroma Ratio from Breast Ultrasound in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2025.10.020},
pmid = {41176437},
issn = {1878-4046},
abstract = {RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to predict tumor budding (TB) and tumor-stromal ratio (TSR), which are important parameters of the tumor microenvironment in invasive ductal carcinoma, from preoperative ultrasound images. To this end, image classification-based deep learning (DL), image-to-text-based DL, and radiomics-based machine learning (ML) approaches were compared.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 153 patients diagnosed with histopathologically invasive ductal carcinoma. TB and TSR were classified into two groups, "low" and "high," and separate models were developed for each dataset. Three different methodological approaches were applied: (1) advanced image classification DL models (YOLOv11x-cls, DINOv2, Vision Transformer [ViT]), (2) the Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training (BLIP-2) model that converts images to text, and (3) ML algorithms with radiomic features (KNN, SVM, XGBoost). All models were trained on the training set, and their performance was then evaluated on the validation and test sets.

RESULTS: In TB prediction, the XGBoost model demonstrated the most superior performance (AUC: 0.87, accuracy: 0.87 on the validation set; AUC: 0.76, accuracy: 0.78 on the test set). In contrast, image classification-based DL models yielded lower AUC values ranging from 0.55 to 0.71 on the validation set, while the BLIP-2 model achieved an AUC value of 0.67. In the TSR prediction, XGBoost showed the highest discriminatory ability (AUC: 0.92, accuracy: 0.92 in the validation set; AUC: 0.84, accuracy: 0.85 in the test set). In contrast, image classification-based DL models exhibited AUC values ranging from 0.54 to 0.75 in the validation set, while the BLIP-2 model exhibited an AUC of 0.65.

CONCLUSION: The findings obtained indicate that radiomics-based ML models show promise in non-invasive TB and TSR prediction using ultrasound images in breast cancer. The clinical integration of these approaches could significantly contribute to the development of personalized treatment strategies for invasive ductal carcinoma and enhance patient management.},
}

@article {pmid41174672,
year = {2025},
author = {Dyer, SM and Kwok, WS and Dawson, R and Cameron, ID and Sherrington, C},
title = {Should whole body vibration be used for falls prevention in older people living in the community?.},
journal = {Systematic reviews},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {209},
pmid = {41174672},
issn = {2046-4053},
support = {1198371//NHMRC-funded Prevention of Falls Injuries Centre for Research Excellence/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Accidental Falls/prevention & control ; *Vibration/therapeutic use ; Aged ; Independent Living ; },
abstract = {The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care has recently published a systematic review and network meta-analysis that concludes that whole-body vibration (WBV) has moderate-certainty evidence for falls prevention for older people living in the community. However, as Cochrane Collaboration falls prevention review authors and clinicians, we suggest that when the range of possible effects captured with the 95% confidence intervals, the likelihood of adverse events and the lack of evidence for effectiveness in older people living in care facilities are taken into account, that this intervention should be implemented with caution in this population. Outside of the clinical trial setting, WBV in this population should only be implemented following an individually tailored assessment and with guidance from an appropriately trained health professional.},
}

Humans
*Accidental Falls/prevention & control
*Vibration/therapeutic use
Aged
Independent Living

@article {pmid41169604,
year = {2025},
author = {Zheng, M and Yao, L and Jing, N and Wang, Y and Wang, X and Yang, J},
title = {Personalized Treatment for Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma with Lung and Liver Metastases Based on Patient-Derived Organoids: A Case Report.},
journal = {OncoTargets and therapy},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {1189-1194},
pmid = {41169604},
issn = {1178-6930},
abstract = {Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are emerging as a potential preclinical tool in assessing cancer patients' responses to various therapies. Here, we first described a case of invasive ductal breast carcinoma with lung and liver metastases who obtained efficient response to the sensitive drugs identified by PDOs. A 54-year-old woman came to hospital with the chief complaint of an unpainful mass in the right breast. In combination with relevant examinations, she was diagnosed with cT3N1M0 breast cancer with HER2 amplification, but developed lung and liver metastases after use of multiple therapies. After treatment with erebulin, carboplatin and inetetamab sensitive revealed by the organoid drug sensitivity testing, partial response in lung metastasis and stable disease in liver metastasis were achieved. This typical case suggests that for the individual patients with advanced refractory breast cancer, especially those exhausting the standard treatment options, the PDOs may serve as an effective model for assessing individual drug sensitivity to optimize treatment decisions and improve treatment response.},
}

@article {pmid41162834,
year = {2025},
author = {Abdullah, HM and Boi-Dsane, NAA and Wepeba, G and Dakurah, T},
title = {Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Cord Metastasis of Breast Cancer in a Male: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)},
volume = {8},
number = {11},
pages = {e70382},
doi = {10.1002/cnr2.70382},
pmid = {41162834},
issn = {2573-8348},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/surgery ; Aged ; *Spinal Cord Neoplasms/secondary/diagnosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology/surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Fatal Outcome ; Mastectomy ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer in males is rare, accounting for just 0.5% to 1% according to World Health Organization data. This is the first reported case of IESCM from breast cancer in an African male, which makes it noteworthy. Furthermore, unlike previously reported cases in females, this case involved L1-L2 metastasis with sphincter dysfunction and a subsequent relapse leading to mortality, thereby expanding the documented spectrum of IESCM presentations and outcomes.

CASE PRESENTATION: This is a case of a 77-year-old male with invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast and intradural extramedullary spinal cord metastasis diagnosed via Magnetic Resonance Imaging after presenting with neurological symptoms 4 years post-mastectomy. He eventually passed away following a right Deep Venous Thrombosis, which led to bilateral pulmonary embolism after his second relapse.

CONCLUSION: Late presentation most likely contributed to the worsening of symptoms and poor prognosis. This report overstates the importance of prompt access to healthcare and the essence of thorough investigations, especially in breast cancer, where neurological symptoms may point to a metastatic diagnosis.},
}

Humans
Male
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/surgery
Aged
*Spinal Cord Neoplasms/secondary/diagnosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology/surgery
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Fatal Outcome
Mastectomy

@article {pmid41155877,
year = {2025},
author = {Kobayakawa, S and Matsunaga, T and Otake, H and Hino, S and Ogata, F and Misra, M and Kanai, K and Kawasaki, N and Nagai, N},
title = {Solid Tranilast Nanocrystal-Loaded Cationic Contact Lenses for Sustained Ocular Drug Delivery.},
journal = {Pharmaceutics},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pharmaceutics17101240},
pmid = {41155877},
issn = {1999-4923},
abstract = {Background/Objectives Conventional eye drops are the primary therapeutic option for ocular diseases; however, their clinical utility is hindered by several drawbacks, including limited bioavailability and suboptimal patient compliance. To overcome these challenges, we designed a sustained-release contact lens (CL) device loaded with tranilast (TRA) and determined whether the TRA-laden CL could provide sustained drug delivery to the lacrimal fluid and aqueous humor. Methods TRA nanocrystals were prepared using the bead-milling approach. Using three types of CLs (nonionic, anionic, and cationic), we prepared TRA-laden CLs by employing a combination of solid TRA nanocrystals and soaking methods under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in an autoclave (the hThP method). Male Japanese albino rabbits (2-3 kg) were used to evaluate the CLs. Results Bead milling reduced the size of the solid TRA nanoparticles (STNs) to approximately 35-180 nm. The TRA-laden cationic CLs prepared using STNs and the hThP method contained a higher amount of TRA than those prepared using the corresponding conventional soaking method. The CLs prepared using the hThP method remained transparent after drug loading. Compared with nonionic and anionic CLs, cationic CLs had the highest drug-loading capacity and allowed for sustained drug release. Moreover, STNs were observed in the released TRA, with no corneal damage or light scattering detected in the rabbits' eyes. TRA-laden cationic CLs prepared using the hThP method achieved sustained and higher drug delivery into the lacrimal fluid and aqueous humor than those prepared using the conventional soaking method. Conclusions Our findings suggest that TRA-laden cationic CLs prepared using STNs and the hThP method can overcome the challenges associated with the conventional soaking method, including low drug uptake and high burst release.},
}

@article {pmid41151888,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, M and Han, J and Won, H and Chae, SW and Kim, HS and DO, SI},
title = {Automated Prediction of Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Carcinoma Using Deep Learning on Pretreatment Core Needle Biopsy Samples.},
journal = {Anticancer research},
volume = {45},
number = {11},
pages = {5167-5176},
doi = {10.21873/anticanres.17856},
pmid = {41151888},
issn = {1791-7530},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Middle Aged ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; *Deep Learning ; Adult ; Aged ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: Early prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is essential for personalized treatment planning in breast carcinoma. Previous studies have relied on human-annotated regions of interest for digital pathology analysis rather than directly leveraging whole-slide images (WSIs). This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of pretreatment core needle biopsy (CNB) WSIs for pathological complete response (pCR) to NAC using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based approach.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 130 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma who underwent anthracycline- or taxane-based NAC followed by surgery. From each pretreatment CNB WSI, five regions with the highest cellular density were selected to extract image patches. A fusion-based classification model was developed, integrating image data with clinical metadata, including age, hormone receptor status, and Ki-67 labeling index.

RESULTS: The model achieved an accuracy of 92.3%, comparable to those using expert annotations. Omitting either image or clinical data significantly reduced performance, underscoring their complementary roles. Optimal performance was achieved using five image patches of 1,000×1,000 pixels, balancing histological detail and computational efficiency.

CONCLUSION: Our AI-based model accurately predicted pCR to NAC in breast carcinoma using only a limited number of high-cellularity image patches and basic clinical metadata, without requiring expert annotation. This approach may facilitate earlier treatment decisions and improve preoperative outcome prediction.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
Middle Aged
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
*Deep Learning
Adult
Aged
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid41151718,
year = {2025},
author = {Palatella, M and Kruse, F and Ji, H and Loriani Fard, AK and Becker, M and Daniel, C and Rohm, M and Huehn, J},
title = {Acsbg1 maintains intestinal immune homeostasis and controls inflammation by regulating ST2[+] Tregs.},
journal = {Mucosal immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.mucimm.2025.10.009},
pmid = {41151718},
issn = {1935-3456},
abstract = {The immune balance in mucosal tissues depends on a delicate interplay between inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells and immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). But what happens when this balance is disturbed? In this study, we uncovered a critical role for acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1 (Acsbg1) in shaping Th17and Treg dynamics. Using Acsbg1-deficient mice, we show that while its absence does not disrupt homeostasis under steady-state conditions, it significantly alters Treg populations, particularly in gut-associated tissues. Under high-fat diet-induced metabolic stress, Acsbg1-deficient mice display mild metabolic changes but maintain systemic immune and metabolic function, indicating that Acsbg1 is dispensable for metabolic adaptation in vivo. However, upon infection with Citrobacter rodentium, these mice exhibit excessive Th1/Th17-driven inflammation and impaired resolution, accompanied by a strong reduction in IL-10-producing and ST2[+] Treg subsets. The impact is even more striking in an adoptive transfer colitis model, where Acsbg1-deficient Tregs fail to control inflammation, resulting in severe colitis and tissue damage. Our findings identify Acsbg1 as a key regulator of ST2[+] Treg function and a central player in mucosal immune homeostasis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.},
}

@article {pmid41150812,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhong, M and Zheng, S and Wen, Y and Zhang, J and Zhang, J and Wang, H and Mo, C and Xu, S and Chen, X},
title = {Integrating Multiple Methods to Validate Key Genes Driving the Progression of Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ.},
journal = {Current issues in molecular biology},
volume = {47},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cimb47100864},
pmid = {41150812},
issn = {1467-3045},
support = {2020B010//Fujian Provincial Finance Project/ ; 2021J01703//Natural Science Fundation of Fujian Province/ ; Joint Funds for the innovation of science and Technology, Fujian province//Joint Funds for the innovation of science and Technology, Fujian province/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a precursor to breast cancer. The mechanisms by which the stroma of DCIS affects disease progression remain elusive. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify key stroma genes that affect DCIS progression and to define high-risk DCIS cases.

METHOD: Gene expression matrix files from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were selected to identify candidate genes associated with the stromal transition from DCIS to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). An integrative approach was employed to identify and functionally characterize driver genes of DCIS progression. In vitro experiments were performed to validate the role of these genes.

RESULTS: We identified 13 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 5 were selected as candidate drivers. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed the biological functions of RAMP2 and ADM2, while in vitro functional assays demonstrated that ADM2 knockdown and RAMP2 overexpression in breast cancer cell lines significantly suppressed cellular proliferation and invasion.

CONCLUSION: This study identified and validated the roles and functions of ADM2 and RAMP2 and revealed their function as key driver genes in the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Collectively, our findings elucidate critical genetic mechanisms underlying DCIS progression and provide novel insights for the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41147213,
year = {2025},
author = {Kono, K and Shibayama, R and Murakami, H and Masumoto, T and Maehara, K and Imamura, T and Okubo, S and Hashimoto, M and Fujii, T and Takazawa, Y},
title = {Progressive Estrogen Receptor Acquisition During Malignant Transformation: Insights From MCN-Derived Anaplastic Pancreatic Carcinoma.},
journal = {Pathology international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pin.70061},
pmid = {41147213},
issn = {1440-1827},
abstract = {Anaplastic pancreatic carcinoma (APC) arising from mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) is rare, with only 12 cases reported. The relationship between pregnancy-associaed hormonal changes and MCN progression remains poorly understood, particularly regarding hormone receptor expression patterns during malignant transformation. A 34-year-old woman presented with persistent abdominal pain 9 months post-delivery. Imaging revealed an 11 cm multilocular cystic mass in the pancreatic body and tail with mural nodules showing blood flow signals. Laboratory findings demonstrated normal. She underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy and no recurrence at 6-month follow-up. Histopathological examination revealed MCN with ovarian-type stroma progressing from low-to-high grade dysplasia, invasive ductal carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. Immunohistochemically, estrogen receptor (ER) expression showed stepwise pattern: negative in low-grade dysplasia, strongly positive in high-grade dysplasia and anaplastic components. Progesterone receptor positivity was observed in stromal and epithelial components, with elevated Ki-67 correlating with ER expression. This represents first documentation of progressive ER acquisition during MCN malignant transformation, suggesting autonomous hormone production by ovarian‑type stroma may help sustain tumor growth beyond pregnancy. Stepwise ER expression may serve as a biomarker for risk stratification and a potential target for therapy in hormone-sensitive pancreatic neoplasms.},
}

@article {pmid41146811,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohamed, EH and Anass, EA and Ayoub, K and Bouhout, T and Serji, B},
title = {A Scalp Tumor Revealing Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {e93299},
pmid = {41146811},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Scalp metastases in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast are extremely rare, occurring in less than 1% of patients. In large retrospective studies of cutaneous metastases, only a small proportion of patients with solid tumors develop skin involvement, with breast cancer being the most common source. We report a case of a patient who developed a single metastatic lesion involving the subcutaneous scalp tissue and the median frontal bone, with intracranial extension reaching the right temporo-occipital region, detected 11 years after the initial diagnosis and treatment of the primary breast tumor. This case highlights the importance of considering atypical metastatic sites during long-term follow-up of breast cancer survivors. It discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by such unusual presentations.},
}

@article {pmid41142038,
year = {2025},
author = {Bernardino, RM and Yin, LB and Lajkosz, K and Winquist, E and Cockburn, JG and Jenjitranant, P and Veloso, R and ÓConnell, C and Benitez, AM and Nguyen, DD and Matthiesen, R and Henrique, R and Joshua, AM and van der Kwast, T and Fleshner, NE},
title = {Intraductal Carcinoma Predicts Poor Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in High-risk Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of a Prospective Trial.},
journal = {European urology open science},
volume = {82},
number = {},
pages = {52-58},
pmid = {41142038},
issn = {2666-1683},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: High-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa) patients may require neoadjuvant treatment (androgen deprivation therapy [ADT] plus abiraterone with or without taxane-based chemotherapy) before radical prostatectomy (RP). Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC) is an aggressive histological variant of prostate adenocarcinoma. This study aims to evaluate the association of IDC on biopsy with pathological response in such PCa patients.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the prospective trial data from 75 patients with high-risk localized/locally advanced PCa treated with 24 wk of neoadjuvant therapy comprising ADT and abiraterone, with or without taxane-based chemotherapy, followed by RP. Pathological responses, including pathological complete response (pCR), minimal residual disease (MRD), and adverse pathology outcomes (ypN1 or ≥ypT3b), were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression identified the predictors of poor pathological response.

KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: Among 75 patients, 35 (47%) had IDC on biopsy. Patients with IDC had worse pathological outcomes: 32 of 35 (91%) failed to achieve a favorable response (pCR or MRD) compared with 26 of 40 (65%) in those without IDC. IDC was also associated with higher rates of adverse pathology at RP, occurring in 27 of 35 patients (77%) versus nine of 40 patients (22%) without IDC. IDC independently predicted poor response (odds ratio 6.18, 95% confidence interval 1.16-32.8; p = 0.032) after adjusting for tumor volume, Gleason grade, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In contrast, cribriform (Crib) pattern at biopsy did not impact response significantly. Metastatic progression and survival data were unavailable.

IDC, but not Crib, on biopsy predicts poor pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy (ADT plus abiraterone with or without taxane-based chemotherapy) in high-risk PCa after adjusting for tumor volume and PSA. An understanding of this treatment-resistant phenotype will improve PCa biology insights and guide novel therapeutic strategies.

PATIENT SUMMARY: Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) is a more aggressive form of prostate cancer that does not respond well to treatment. In our study, we found that 91% of patients who had IDC detected in their biopsy before surgery did not show a good response to presurgery therapy.},
}

@article {pmid41140000,
year = {2025},
author = {Shakuf, V and Ben-David, N and Abergil, H and Sa'adon, Y and Mezler, M and Ben-David, BM},
title = {Emotion through cognition: the role of cognitive limitations in shaping emotional speech identification among adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.},
journal = {Cognition & emotion},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-18},
doi = {10.1080/02699931.2025.2568561},
pmid = {41140000},
issn = {1464-0600},
abstract = {Recognising emotions in speech is vital for social interactions. Adults with intellectual disabilities (AwID) often experience difficulties with emotion perception, affecting integration. However, less is known about spoken-emotion processing among AwID. The current research examines whether difficulties stem from a primary impairment in emotional processing associated with intellectual disability (ID) or a secondary impairment due to cognitive limitations associated with ID. Using an AwID-adapted version of the Test for Rating Emotions in Speech (T-RES), we assessed emotion identification in two studies. Study 1 examined spoken-emotion recognition across different levels of ID severity, focusing on lexical (semantic) and prosodic (tone of voice) cues separately. Results indicated that as ID severity increased, emotion recognition declined. Study 2 investigated the effects of task complexity on spoken-emotion perception among adults with mild ID. Findings revealed that while emotion identification was intact in simple (congruent, lexical and prosodic emotional cues match) conditions, performance deteriorated significantly in complex (incongruent, cues mismatch) conditions, suggesting a cognitive load effect. Additionally, unlike typically developed adults, AwID did not show prosodic bias. These findings support the secondary cognitive account, suggesting that spoken-emotion processing difficulties in AwID may stem from broader cognitive limitations, rather than specific impairments in emotional perception.},
}

@article {pmid41139216,
year = {2025},
author = {Ishii, K and Torii, M and Yoshibayashi, H and Matsumoto, Y and Matsutani, Y},
title = {Oral Tamoxifen and Abemaciclib in Postoperative Therapy for Male Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {e949005},
doi = {10.12659/AJCR.949005},
pmid = {41139216},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Benzimidazoles/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/therapy/drug therapy/pathology ; *Tamoxifen/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Adult ; *Aminopyridines/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/pathology/drug therapy ; Mastectomy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Administration, Oral ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND Abemaciclib is a selective cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that has been approved as an adjuvant treatment for advanced hormone-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer and is usually used in combination with an aromatase inhibitor. This report describes the case of a 43-year-old man with a grade 2, stage IIIc, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast successfully managed with left mastectomy, radiation therapy, and postoperative oral tamoxifen and abemaciclib. CASE REPORT A 43-year-old man presented to our Dermatology Department with a primary concern of non-healing erosion in the left areola that persisted despite 3 months of topical ointment application. Tissue diagnosis confirmed breast cancer, and the patient was referred to the Breast Surgery Department. Imaging studies and detailed tissue analysis revealed a grade 2, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. The preoperative stage was cT4bN1aM0 (tumor with skin involvement, limited axillary node metastases, no distant spread), corresponding to stage IIIB. The patient underwent surgery (left mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection; levels I-III). The pathological stage was IIIC (pT4bN3aM0: skin involvement with extensive nodal metastases and no distant disease). We administered postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with sequential administration of anthracycline and taxane, and postoperative radiation therapy, followed by postoperative adjuvant endocrine therapy with tamoxifen and abemaciclib. To date, no signs of recurrence have been observed. CONCLUSIONS This report describes a rare case of advanced male breast cancer and a successful outcome following postoperative treatment that included abemaciclib.},
}

Humans
Male
*Benzimidazoles/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/therapy/drug therapy/pathology
*Tamoxifen/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Adult
*Aminopyridines/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/pathology/drug therapy
Mastectomy
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Administration, Oral

@article {pmid41127273,
year = {2025},
author = {Celi, CV and Peshin, S and Dharia, A and Bashir, F and Erica, L},
title = {Exceptional Response to Pembrolizumab in Metastatic ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer With Liver Metastases: A Case Report and Literature Review.},
journal = {Case reports in oncological medicine},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {7970572},
pmid = {41127273},
issn = {2090-6706},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and HER2-negative breast cancer is the most common subtype in women, particularly in the postmenopausal setting. Unlike triple-negative breast cancer, the benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in HR+/HER2- disease remains uncertain because of low tumor immunogenicity and limited PD-L1 expression.

CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of a 70-year-old woman who presented with severe anemia and was incidentally found to have a bleeding left breast mass. Biopsy confirmed Grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (ER+/PR+ > 95%, HER2-) with nodal involvement but no distant metastases, consistent with Stage IIIc disease. She was treated with neoadjuvant anastrozole, modified radical mastectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation, and continued endocrine therapy. After 3 years, she developed extensive hepatic metastases. Biopsy revealed ER+/PR-/HER2- disease with striking PD-L1 expression (CPS 95%). The disease progressed on fulvestrant and palbociclib, but switching to carboplatin, gemcitabine, and pembrolizumab led to rapid improvement: liver function normalized and imaging showed near-complete response within 3 months. This remission lasted about 10 months before disease progression and transition to hospice care.

CONCLUSION: This case explains the potential role of ICIs in HR+/HER2- breast cancer with unusually high PD-L1 expression. It underscores the importance of biomarker-driven treatment and supports expanding PD-L1 testing to better identify patients who may benefit from immunotherapy in this traditionally resistant subtype.},
}

@article {pmid41125144,
year = {2025},
author = {Hinrichs, A and Pafili, K and Sancar, G and Laane, L and Zettler, S and Torgeman, M and Kessler, B and Nono, JL and Kunz, S and Rathkolb, B and Barosa, C and Prehn, C and Cecil, A and Renner, S and Kemter, E and Kahl, S and Szendroedi, J and Bidlingmaier, M and Jones, JG and Hrabĕ de Angelis, M and Roden, M and Wolf, E},
title = {Transient juvenile hypoglycemia in GH insensitive Laron syndrome pigs is associated with insulin hypersensitivity.},
journal = {Molecular metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102273},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102273},
pmid = {41125144},
issn = {2212-8778},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Fasting hypoglycemia has clinical implications for children with growth hormone (GH)-insensitivity syndrome. This study investigates the pathophysiology of juvenile hypoglycemia in a large animal model for GH receptor (GHR) deficiency (the GHR-KO pig) and elucidates mechanisms underlying the transition to normoglycemia in adulthood.

METHODS: Insulin sensitivity was assessed in juvenile and adult GHR-KO pigs and wild-type (WT) controls via hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HEC) tests. Glucose turnover was measured using D-[6,6-[2]H2] glucose and [2]H2O. Clinical chemical and targeted metabolomics parameters in blood serum were correlated with qPCR and western blot analyses of liver and adipose tissue.

RESULTS: GHR-KO pigs showed increased insulin sensitivity (p=0.0019), especially at young age (M-value +34% vs. WT), insignificantly reduced insulin levels, and reduced endogenous glucose production (p=0.0007), leading to fasting hypoglycemia with depleted liver glycogen, elevated β-hydroxybutyrate, but no increase in NEFA levels. Low hormone-sensitive lipase phosphorylation in adipose tissue suggested impaired lipolysis in young GHR-KO pigs. Metabolomics indicated enhanced fatty acid beta-oxidation and use of glucogenic amino acids, likely serving as compensatory pathways to maintain energy homeostasis. In adulthood, insulin sensitivity remained elevated but less pronounced (M-value +20%), while insulin levels were significantly reduced, enabling normoglycemia and improved NEFA availability. Increased fat mass, not sex hormones, appeared key to this metabolic transition, as early castration had no effect.

CONCLUSION: Juvenile hypoglycemia in GH insensitivity results from excessive insulin sensitivity, reduced glucose production, and impaired lipolysis. Normoglycemia in adulthood emerges through increased adiposity and moderated insulin sensitivity, independently of sex hormones. These findings elucidate the age-dependent metabolic adaptations in GH insensitivity.},
}

@article {pmid41122452,
year = {2025},
author = {Makino, M and Kusama, H and Hagiwara, M and Horimoto, Y and Sato, E and Ikeda, N and Ishikawa, T},
title = {A Case of Occult Breast Cancer Diagnosed during Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment for Recurrent Metastatic Lung Cancer.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41122452},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Occult breast cancer (OBC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer, typically presenting as axillary lymph node metastasis without an identifiable primary tumor in the breast. Axillary lymphadenopathy requires differential diagnosis, including OBC. However, in patients undergoing treatment for another malignancy, distinguishing OBC from axillary metastasis of the known primary cancer can be challenging. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have extended survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), potentially allowing time for 2nd primary cancers to develop and be detected.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 71-year-old woman underwent right upper lobectomy for stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma. Four months postoperatively, CT revealed a right chest wall mass and right axillary lymphadenopathy, which was interpreted as recurrence. Systemic therapy was administered, and third-line atezolizumab monotherapy led to complete remission of the chest wall mass; however, progressive enlargement of the axillary lymph nodes was subsequently observed. Imaging showed no detectable lesion in the breast, but core needle biopsy of the axillary node revealed metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma, negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) with a Ki-67 index of 80%. Immunohistochemistry was positive for GATA3 and negative for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), consistent with OBC. The patient underwent axillary lymph node dissection, and postoperative observation without additional treatment was selected due to comorbidities. She has remained disease-free for 1 year.

CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates that axillary lymphadenopathy during treatment for another malignancy may represent a 2nd primary cancer such as OBC. As ICI therapy prolongs survival, clinicians should pay attention for new malignancies, including breast cancer, even in the absence of breast lesions.},
}

@article {pmid41114418,
year = {2025},
author = {Tchabashvili, L and Leivaditis, V and Kitsou, KS and Mulita, F and Papadaki, H and Argentou, MI},
title = {The association between chemerin expression in breast cancer cells and aggressiveness.},
journal = {Przeglad menopauzalny = Menopause review},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {183-190},
pmid = {41114418},
issn = {1643-8876},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer (BC), the most prevalent cancer amongst women globally, exhibits a complex relationship with obesity and its associated factors. Chemerin, an adipokine linked to both inflammatory and metabolic processes, has emerged as a potential player in tumor development and progression. This study delves into the potential role of chemerin in breast cancer by analyzing its expression patterns in tumor cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes alongside corresponding clinico-pathological parameters.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Encompassing 77 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, the study revealed an interesting interplay between chemerin and disease characteristics.

RESULTS: While chemerin expression itself did not associate with established markers like BC stage, oestrogen receptor, or progesterone receptor status, its presence is elevated in patients with lymph node metastasis. Despite these insightful findings, the study acknowledges limitations inherent to its design. The absence of a healthy control group necessitates further controlled studies to solidify the observed associations. Additionally, external factors like diet and exercise, known to influence chemerin levels, were not accounted for, requiring more comprehensive patient history and examination data in future investigations.

CONCLUSIONS: While chemerin expression did not correlate with traditional BC markers, its apparent associations with lymph node metastasis, c-ERB2 expression, and involvement within the tumour microenvironment warrant further exploration. This study paves the way for future research to elucidate the precise role of chemerin in BC development and progression, potentially paving the path for the development of novel diagnostic and prognostic tools.},
}

@article {pmid41111766,
year = {2025},
author = {Khan, A and King, C and Patel, NB and Patel, A and Irani, Z and Thompson, J},
title = {A Case of Necrotic Metastases Imitating Hepatic Abscesses in a Patient With Multiple Primary Cancers.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {e92466},
pmid = {41111766},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {This case report highlights the diagnostic challenges in a 72-year-old female with a complex medical history, including metastatic stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the right lung, invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast, and recent acute illnesses. Initially, imaging studies suggested metastatic disease in the liver, but subsequent findings raised suspicion for a hepatic abscess. However, further investigations ultimately confirmed necrotic metastatic disease rather than infection. This case underscores the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and advanced imaging in differentiating metastatic disease from an infectious process.},
}

@article {pmid41107956,
year = {2025},
author = {Ostaszkiewicz, J and Gilbert, AS and Tay, C and Watt, E and Barry, D and Taylor, W and Cecil, J and Cockerell, R and Crowe, H and Lau, L and Murray, M and Nakrem, S and Paterson, C and Peters, M and Sahay, A and Sweeney, A and Thompson, J and Westaway, J and Bower, W and Christina, J and Zana, A and Batchelor, F},
title = {IDC-IMPROVE: protocol for a cluster randomised feasibility trial of a care bundle to improve indwelling catheter care (IDC) in residential aged care homes in Australia.},
journal = {Pilot and feasibility studies},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {123},
pmid = {41107956},
issn = {2055-5784},
support = {MRFF2023825//Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Indwelling urinary catheters (IDCs) are used by approximately 8% of Australian aged care residents. IDC use is often warranted but entails numerous risks, particularly if used longterm. Risks include catheter-associated urinary tract infections, catheter blockage, catheter leakage, bladder spasm, pain, urethral trauma and haematuria, and increased risk of hospitalisation. The Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety identified poor quality, unsafe practices related to IDCs in aged care homes. Enhancing the knowledge, confidence, and skills of aged care staff to deliver catheter care for residents with IDCs is fundamentally important. The IDC-IMPROVE project is supporting aged care providers to meet the care needs of people with IDCs in Australian aged care homes, by designing and validating a suite of resources titled the IDC-IMPROVE Catheter Care Bundle.

AIMS: This study aims to establish the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised control trial to evaluate the effects of the IDC-IMPROVE Catheter Care Bundle in aged care homes in Australia.

METHOD: A multi-centre, facility-level clustered randomised control (cRCT) feasibility trial in 24 aged care homes across Victoria, Queensland, and South Australia. Twelve homes will receive the intervention and 12 will continue usual care. The IDC-IMPROVE Catheter Care Bundle intervention comprises principles for person-centred catheter care, online training for nurses and personal care workers, a practical skills workshop for nurses, a toolkit for managers, and an evidence-to-practice support model. The feasibility of the intervention will be assessed through a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys, interviews, and audits. Feasibility outcomes are: (i) The acceptability of the Bundle, (ii) The fidelity of the implementation, (iii) The compatibility of the Bundle with standard aged care home IDC care.

DISCUSSION: By enhancing the knowledge, confidence and skills of the aged care workforce, IDCIMPROVE aims to reduce IDC-related complications. This study will provide insights into the acceptability and implementation of the intervention, informing future large-scale trials and potential policy changes.

ETHICS: The study has been approved by Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee (reg: HREC/107165/Austin-2024) and is registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (reg: ACTRN12624001178538p).},
}

@article {pmid41106127,
year = {2025},
author = {Sabeti, S and Adl Parvar, T and Metanat, P and Larson, NB and Fazzio, RT and Fatemi, M and Alizad, A},
title = {Quantitative angiogenesis-based ultrasound biomarkers for differentiating radiologically challenging breast lesions: Radial scar vs invasive ductal carcinoma.},
journal = {Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)},
volume = {84},
number = {},
pages = {104614},
doi = {10.1016/j.breast.2025.104614},
pmid = {41106127},
issn = {1532-3080},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of quantitative biomarkers derived from quantitative high-definition microvasculature imaging (qHDMI) for differentiation of radial scar (RS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

METHODS: A total of 64 breast lesions from 62 participants were analyzed using breast pathology as the gold standard. Ultrasound data were processed with the qHDMI framework to visualize tumor microvessel networks and extract eight morphological biomarkers. Biomarker distributions were compared between groups using a two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and ROC AUC values with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. P-values were adjusted for multiple testing using the Benjamini-Hochberg FDR method at a 5 % threshold.

RESULTS: Seventeen lesions were pathologically confirmed as RS and 47 as IDC. qHDMI biomarkers revealed distinct microvascular differences between the two groups. Overall, IDC lesions showed denser, thicker, and more complex microvessels. Five biomarkers demonstrated statistically significant distribution differences: vessel density (p-value: 0.016, adjusted p-value: 0.0288), number of vessel segments (p-value: 0.0055, adjusted p-value: 0.0288), number of branch points (p-value: 0.0098, adjusted p-value: 0.0288), maximum diameter (p-value: 0.014, adjusted p-value: 0.0288), and microvessel fractal dimension (p-value: 0.018, adjusted p-value: 0.0288). The AUC and CIs for these five biomarkers were 0.70, [0.56, 0.82] for vessel density, 0.73, [0.60, 0.86] for number of vessel segments, 0.71, [0.58, 0.83] for number of branch points, 0.70, [0.57, 0.82] for maximum diameter, and 0.70, [0.54, 0.82] for fractal dimension.

CONCLUSION: Distributions of qHDMI-derived biomarkers revealed distinct microvascular structural differences between RS and IDC, suggesting qHDMI may enhance diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing the two.},
}

@article {pmid41105173,
year = {2025},
author = {Chang, RC and Ehyaee, V and Wattar, R and Braun, A and Gattuso, P and Ahmed, A},
title = {Evaluation of PRAME Expression in Cases of Breast Carcinoma Metastatic to Skin.},
journal = {The American Journal of dermatopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/DAD.0000000000003159},
pmid = {41105173},
issn = {1533-0311},
abstract = {Cutaneous metastases of breast neoplasms indicate advanced disease with poor prognosis. The role of Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) expression in breast cancer skin metastases remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigate PRAME expression in breast carcinoma metastatic to the skin, particularly triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). A retrospective review of breast cancer cases with skin metastasis was conducted from January 2005 to March 2023. PRAME immunostaining was performed on skin metastatic lesions and corresponding primary tumors. A comparison group of noncutaneous metastases (n = 11) was included. Thirty patients with cutaneous metastasis were identified (29 women, 1 man; mean age 63 years). The most common site of skin metastasis was chest (25 cases, 83%). Histologically, 25 cases (83%) were invasive ductal carcinoma. Eleven cases (37%) were TNBC. PRAME positivity was observed in 10 skin metastases (33%) with 70% being triple negative. Among 20 available primary samples, only 3 were PRAME positive with corresponding positive metastases. Comparison group showed minimal PRAME expression. In total, 40% of patients died, with TNBC associated with higher mortality (P = 0.04). All PRAME-positive TNBC patients with follow-up were deceased. In conclusion, PRAME expression occurred in approximately one-third of breast cancer skin metastases, with predominance in triple-negative breast cancer. These findings warrant further investigation of PRAME's role in cutaneous metastasis and its diagnostic implications.},
}

@article {pmid41091344,
year = {2025},
author = {Sturz-Ellis, JL and Vetter, CD and Day, CN and Boughey, JC},
title = {A Systematic Review of Occult Malignancy and Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis at the Time of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41091344},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Occult malignancy (OM) identified in contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) presents a challenge for axillary management.

METHODS: This meta-analysis identified retrospective studies using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Reviews with the keywords OM and CPM. In this study, OM was defined as invasive disease only. To determine the proportion of OM and node positivity rates, MedCalc software was used.

RESULTS: The 27 studies in this meta-analysis included 5728 patients who underwent CPM, with OM identified in 87 patients. The pooled incidence of OM was 1.55%. Of the 73 patients with axillary staging details available, 41 patients with OM (56%) underwent surgical axillary staging. Of these 41 patients, 8 had a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) (20%), and 4 of the 8 patients had subsequent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) with no additional positive lymph nodes identified. For 64 of the 87 patients with OM, T category was available. Of these 64 patients, 62 (97%) had pT1 and 2 (3%) had pT2 carcinoma. Histologic subtype was available for 52 OMs. Of these, 39 (75%) were ductal, 8 (15%) were lobular, and 5 (10%) were other. Biomarkers were available for 33 OMs, of which 21 (64%) were luminal A, 3 (9%) were luminal B, 3 (9%) were luminal human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and 6 (18%) were triple-negative.

CONCLUSIONS: Occult malignancy in CPM is uncommon (1.55%), and when it occurs, it is predominantly pT1, luminal A, or invasive ductal carcinoma. Occult malignancy with SLN metastasis occurs in only 0.1% of CPMs, and when present, SLN metastasis is low volume (≤2 nodes). This supports the current guideline recommendations against routine SLN surgery at the time of CPM.},
}

@article {pmid41089733,
year = {2025},
author = {Gil, DG and Zaixso, HE},
title = {First Insights into the Vertical Patterns of Size Distribution, Abundance, and Spatial Aggregation of the Sea Urchin Pseudechinus magellanicus on a Wave-exposed Rocky Shore in San Jorge Gulf, Argentina.},
journal = {Zoological studies},
volume = {64},
number = {},
pages = {e8},
pmid = {41089733},
issn = {1810-522X},
abstract = {The sea urchin Pseudechinus magellanicus is a dominant species in coastal habitats of southern Argentina and Chile. This study investigates its size distribution, abundance, and spatial arrangement in relation to coastal environmental gradients and habitat complexity along a depth gradient in central Patagonia (Argentina) during the austral spring. P. magellanicus exhibited a unimodal response to depth, with lower densities observed at intertidal levels and depths greater than 12 m. Size distribution showed depth-related patterns, with larger individuals prevalent at subtidal levels, intermediate sizes more common in intertidal and shallow depths, and recruits and juveniles most abundant at the infralittoral fringe and subtidal zones. A positive relationship between structural complexity and sea urchin densities was found, especially for smaller size classes. Conversely, larger individuals tended to inhabit areas with lower structural complexity and higher food availability. Sedimentation impacted the vertical distribution, particularly affecting recruits, juveniles, and young adults. Spatial arrangement analysis showed that aggregation is the predominant pattern along the coastal depth gradient. However, at depths of 3-5 m, where the kelp forest (Macrocystis pyrifera) dominates, recruits, juveniles, and intermediate-sized sea urchins displayed a less aggregated, more random distribution. These findings reveal the critical role of habitat complexity and depth in shaping the population dynamics of P. magellanicus and highlight the adaptability of this species to varying habitat conditions and its potential as an indicator of coastal ecosystem health.},
}

@article {pmid41089145,
year = {2025},
author = {Ahmad, A and Mehmood Qadri, H and Rasool, N and Bashir, A},
title = {Patient Plan Customization in Hypofractionated CyberKnife Radiosurgery for Extensive Brain Metastases Within a Resource-Constrained Low-Middle-Income Country.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {e92163},
pmid = {41089145},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Brain metastasis (BM) carries a dismal prognosis. In the setting of advanced breast cancer, BM has a formidable outcome, yet radiosurgery has played a pivotal role in palliating patients. Here, we present the case of a 62-year-old hypertensive female with biopsy-proven, triple-negative, invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast (stage IV disease). Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) failed to achieve radiological and clinical response for 60 intracranial metastatic space-occupying lesions. Her presenting complaint of intractable headache was accompanied by a normal neurological examination. A customized plan for stereotactic radiosurgery via CyberKnife S7 was utilized with a 2,200 cGy dose and 68% isocurve over five fractions on alternate days. Redo WBRT was not performed owing to the patient's comorbidities, age, and risk of cognitive deficits. Radiological remission of 81% and 88% with no neurological deficits was achieved at the fourth and eighth months of follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first case of 60 secondaries in the human brain from a breast primary successfully managed with CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery, achieving remarkable radiological regression while preserving clinical function. A customized plan considering the patient's factors and risk versus benefit assessment is advisable in all cases of metastatic brain disease.},
}

@article {pmid41089131,
year = {2025},
author = {Kannappalli, K and Raju, K and Kamisetty, KP},
title = {Immunohistochemical Expression of Laminin 332 in Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma: A Cross-Sectional Study.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {e92206},
pmid = {41089131},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma (BC) is the most common malignancy among women and is the leading cause of mortality among females. Triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) is a diverse disease based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) and is estrogen receptor (ER) negative, progesterone receptor (PR) negative, and human epidermal growth factor (HER2) negative. TNBC has a distinct molecular profile, is more aggressive, lacks targeted therapies, and has a worse prognosis than other types of breast cancer. Laminin is a glycoprotein that plays several roles in cancer progression, including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of laminin 332 in TNBCs and to study the association of laminin 332 expression with clinicopathological parameters of TNBCs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the cases of TNBC received from the Department of Surgery at RL Jalappa Hospital and Research Institute to the Department of Pathology attached to Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Karnataka, from January 2019 to September 2024 were considered for the study. Both prospective and retrospective cases were considered. The data and paraffin blocks were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Pathology. Histopathological parameters of TNBC cases were studied, and laminin 332 IHC was performed. The association of IHC expression of laminin 332 and histopathological parameters was evaluated.

RESULTS: Among 50 TNBC cases, 26 (56%) were elderly patients above 50 years of age. A higher proportion of cases, i.e., 23 (46%), were grade 3 tumors; 46 (92%) cases had infiltrating ductal carcinomas (IDC); 39 (78%) had lymphovascular invasion (LVI); 46 (92%) were without perineural invasion (PNI); and 22 (44%) had high-grade tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILS). All the TNBC cases exhibited positivity for either a laminin 332 IHC score of 5 (64%) or a laminin 332 IHC score of 6 (36%). Laminin 332 IHC score of 5 (71.8%) was associated with the presence of LVI, and laminin IHC scores of 6 (p-value 0.041) and 7 (63.6%) were associated with the absence of LVI, which has a statistically significant association with p-value 0.041.

CONCLUSIONS: All the TNBC patients were positive for laminin 322, but there was a statistically significant association only with lymphovascular invasion. TNBC, hence, exhibits aggressive behavior and is associated with unfavorable clinicopathological outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41088701,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Y and Li, Q and Sun, D and Yang, N and Kong, Y and Shen, Y and Zhang, F},
title = {m6A RNA methylation regulator heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C: A prognostic biomarker for invasive ductal carcinoma validated through Mendelian randomization and transcriptome analyses.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {41},
pages = {e44733},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000044733},
pmid = {41088701},
issn = {1536-5964},
support = {2021A1515010040//Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China/ ; 2023A1515010829//Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China/ ; 20242BAB25448//Jiangxi Province natural science Foundation project/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group C/genetics/metabolism ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality/metabolism ; Prognosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism ; *Adenosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/mortality/pathology/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Methylation ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; RNA Splicing Factors/genetics ; RNA Methylation ; },
abstract = {Although aberrant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation has been linked to oncogenesis and tumor progression, the association between the deregulation of m6A regulators and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), the predominant subtype of breast cancer, remains unclear. In this study, we sought to determine the function of m6A RNA methylation regulators in IDC, with a particular focus on assessing their potential as prognostic biomarkers. To identify dysregulated m6A RNA methylation regulators, we systematically analyzed 656 samples from patients with IDC and 81 normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and Cox univariate, LASSO-Cox regression, and stepwise regression analyses were conducted to construct a risk-prediction model for determining patient prognosis. Subsequently, we evaluated the prognostic value of the risk signature in IDC and assessed potential biological associations based on clinical survival analyses, examination of publicly available immunohistochemical staining data from the Human Protein Atlas, and two-sample Mendelian randomization. Among the IDC samples, we identified 12 m6A RNA methylation regulators characterized by significant dysregulation. Subsequently, a 4-gene signature comprising heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (HNRNPC), YTH domain-containing family proteins 2 and 3 (YTHDF2/3), and RNA-binding motif protein 15B (RBM15B) was constructed using machine learning algorithms. This signature was established to be an independent prognostic factor, particularly in patients with early stage IDC, and within the signature, HNRNPC was identified as a pivotal gene, the expression levels of which were demonstrated to be causally associated with the risk of IDC. On the basis of our findings in this study, we established a prognostic signature for IDC and identified a causal association between the expression of the signature gene HNRNPC and IDC risk. These findings indicate that m6A RNA methylation regulators could serve as molecular biomarkers for IDC and contribute to guiding therapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
Female
*Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group C/genetics/metabolism
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality/metabolism
Prognosis
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism
*Adenosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/mortality/pathology/metabolism
Gene Expression Profiling
Methylation
RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Middle Aged
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
RNA Splicing Factors/genetics
RNA Methylation

@article {pmid41084011,
year = {2025},
author = {Vignaroli, K and Perez, K and Lee, M and Raju, S and Nguyen, A and Malkoc, A and Martinetto, E and Burbank, R and Ibrahim, A and Ko, E and Ramiscal, JAB},
title = {Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with gallbladder metastasis: a rare case report.},
journal = {World journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {367},
pmid = {41084011},
issn = {1477-7819},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/surgery ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/therapy/pathology ; Adult ; *Gallbladder Neoplasms/secondary/therapy ; Prognosis ; Fatal Outcome ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast most commonly metastasizes to bone, lung, liver, and central nervous system. Breast cancer metastasis to the gallbladder is exceptionally rare, especially when it is secondary to breast cancer of ductal origin.

CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a pre-menopausal 43-year-old female with a history of major depressive disorder and no prior mammograms who was diagnosed with ER+/PR+/HER2+ invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast. She developed late metastasis to the gallbladder, liver, lung and bone detected four years after breast conserving surgery with delayed neoadjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant radiation, incomplete adjuvant biologic and hormone therapy, and lack of surveillance. The patient died three years and ten months after her lumpectomy.

CONCLUSIONS: Though rare, adequate suspicion should be maintained when evaluating patients with a history of breast cancer who present with symptoms of cholecystitis or biliary colic in order to promptly identify breast cancer metastasis to the gallbladder, as well as to more common metastatic sites.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/surgery
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/therapy/pathology
Adult
*Gallbladder Neoplasms/secondary/therapy
Prognosis
Fatal Outcome
Mastectomy, Segmental

@article {pmid41081190,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Liu, H and Feng, H and Xu, Q and Grimm, R and Gao, L and Wang, M and Wang, Q and Wang, L},
title = {The value of breast ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing axillary lymph node metastasis in mass-type invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {9043-9054},
pmid = {41081190},
issn = {2223-4292},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignant tumor among women worldwide, significantly impacting women's health and lives. The accurate assessment of axillary lymph node (ALN) status is critical for BC staging, treatment planning, and the evaluation of overall survival outcomes. This study aimed to explore the relationship between preoperative ultrafast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (UF-DCE MRI) parameters and ALN metastasis in patients with mass-type invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast, and to construct a nomogram model for predicting ALN metastasis.

METHODS: Preoperative UF-DCE MRI images and medical records of 96 breast IDC patients (38 with ALN metastasis, 58 without) confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Conventional MRI features, UF-DCE MRI parameters, DCE parameters, and clinical features were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and nomograms for univariate parameters and combined diagnostic efficiency were constructed.

RESULTS: Time-to-enhancement (TTE), time-to-peak (TTP) after enhancement, and time to center of maximum slope (TTMS) were significantly lower in the ALN metastasis group (10.05±4.91 vs. 15.59±15.04 s, 85.89±33.93 vs. 208.27±102.28 s, 19.05±22.25 vs. 19.81±9.29 s; all P<0.05), whereas tumor size was significantly smaller in the non-ALN metastasis group (2.2±1.1 vs. 3.0±1.5 cm, P<0.001). No other clinical or imaging parameters showed significant differences between groups. TTP had the best diagnostic efficacy for ALN metastasis, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.865 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.794-0.937]. The combined parameter prediction model improved the diagnostic efficacy, with an AUC of 0.919 (95% CI: 0.864-0.974). The nomogram indicated that TTP had the greatest impact on lymph node metastasis, followed by tumor size and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). The nomogram indicated that metastasis probability = e[score]/1 + e[score], with score = 0.70 * tumor size - 2.49 * ADC - 0.03 * TTP + 3.78.

CONCLUSIONS: Multiple UF-DCE MRI parameters can predict ALN metastasis in patients with mass-like breast IDC before operation. The nomogram model combined with clinical and UF-DCE MRI parameters can better assist clinicians in making personalized treatment plans for patients.},
}

@article {pmid41081182,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhan, T and Tang, X and Dai, J and Deng, Y and Lu, C},
title = {Multiparametric MRI-based radiomics nomogram for noninvasive stratification of HER2 expression status in breast cancer.},
journal = {Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {10215-10237},
pmid = {41081182},
issn = {2223-4292},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Accurate assessment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, particularly HER2-low (formerly HER2-negative), is critical for guiding optimal HER2-targeted therapeutic decisions, as these patients may now be eligible for novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates. This study aimed to develop a radiomic nomogram based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived radiomic features combined with clinical characteristics for distinguishing HER2-positive and HER2-low breast cancer (BC) from HER2-negative BC (Task 1) and HER2-low from HER2-negative BC (Task 2).

METHODS: A total of 364 patients from two centers with invasive ductal carcinoma of BC were retrospectively enrolled from September 2022 to March 2024 and divided into two tasks. Patients from Center 1 (The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University) were randomly assigned to training cohort (Task 1: n=165; Task 2: n=112) and internal validation cohort (Task 1: n=71; Task 2: n=48). Patients from Center 2 (Ganzhou Cancer Hospital) were used as an external validation cohort (Task 1: n=78; Task 2: n=52). Radiomics signatures (RS) models were established using features from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE), T2-weighted image (T2WI), and combination (RS-Com). A clinical characteristic model was established through univariate and multivariate analyses, and a radiomics nomogram was developed by integrating radiomics score (Rad-score) with clinically significant characteristics. Its performance was evaluated through metrics such as the area under the curve (AUC), calibration assessment, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

RESULTS: For Task 1, RS-Com yielded a greater AUC for training, internal, and external validation of (0.861, 0.784, and 0.794, respectively) than did RS-DCE (AUC =0.743, 0.732, and 0.629, respectively) and RS-T2WI (AUC =0.741, 0.663, and 0.652 respectively). For Task 2, compared with RS-DCE (AUC =0.774/0.668/0.738) and RS-T2WI (AUC =0.771/0.677/0.637), RS-Com also exhibited greater AUCs for training, internal, and external validation (0.822/0.725/0.773). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) statuses were independent predictors for distinguishing HER2 status. For both Tasks 1 and 2, the radiomic nomogram demonstrated the best performance with AUCs of 0.916/0.940/0.820 and 0.863/0.892/0.833, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: The multiparametric MRI-based radiomic nomogram can more accurately categorize the levels of HER2 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma patients, especially for those with HER2-low expression, serving as an early-stage aid for clinicians to devise tailored and precise therapeutic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41079065,
year = {2025},
author = {Yu, B and Yan, L and Wang, H and Yang, J and Yang, J},
title = {Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: metastatic patterns and treatment modalities-a review.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1631670},
pmid = {41079065},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Compared with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) exhibits distinct histologic, molecular, and clinical characteristics, including unique metastatic patterns. This review focuses on three major aspects: (1) an analysis of metastatic behavior across different ILC histologic subtypes, with a preliminary exploration of potential correlations with molecular features; (2) a synthesis of current treatment strategies, highlighting challenges such as endocrine resistance, limited tailored protocols, and emerging immunotherapeutic opportunities; and (3) a review of clinical trials from 2022 to 2024 to identify evolving strategies and future directions for individualized therapy. By integrating pathology, molecular profiling, and clinical data, this review emphasizes ILC's distinctive metastatic behavior and unmet clinical needs, providing a conceptual framework to guide future translational research and therapeutic development.},
}

@article {pmid41074005,
year = {2025},
author = {Fathima, ZS and Suresh, TNR and Kattepur, AK},
title = {Immunohistochemical expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes CD8 and FOXP3 in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1550},
pmid = {41074005},
issn = {1471-2407},
}

@article {pmid41072531,
year = {2025},
author = {Hassan, M and Al-Askeri, M and Jawad, N},
title = {PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF EGFR2 AND KI-67 OVEREXPRESSION WITH DOWNREGULATION OF MIR-17 AND MIR-1307 IN FEMALE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS.},
journal = {Georgian medical news},
volume = {},
number = {364-365},
pages = {303-313},
pmid = {41072531},
issn = {1512-0112},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/diagnosis/metabolism ; *Ki-67 Antigen/genetics/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Down-Regulation ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics/metabolism ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/diagnosis ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/pathology/diagnosis ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has distinct epidemiological patterns and heterogeneity. EGFR2 and Ki-67 are significant in determining the progression and therapeutic response in breast cancer. Additionally, miR-17 and miR-1307 are critical regulators of tumorigenesis. Our research investigates the function of these biomarkers across breast cancer progression, diagnostic and treatment response.

METHODS: Fifty-Three women with breast cancer and 25 healthy women were analyzed. ELISA was used to evaluate the concentrations of EGFR2 and Ki-67. For gene expression, qPCR was used to analyze the gene expression of miR-17 and miR-1307. The diagnostic value of the proteins and miRNAs, with significance set at a p-value <0.001 for all tests.

RESULTS: The study found a significant increase in EGFR2 and Ki-67 proteins in patients compared to controls. The concentration of EGFR2 in lobular carcinoma showed a significantly higher concentration compared to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) and Mixed carcinoma, with a p-value of 0.001. Regarding Ki-67, Lobular carcinoma had significantly higher levels compared to IDC, with a p-value of 0.03. ROC curve analysis revealed excellent diagnostic accuracy for EGFR2 and Ki-67. Positive correlation was shown between EGFR2 and Ki-67 with each other, also miR-17 and miR-1307 showed a positive correlation with other. On the other hand, a negative correlation was seen between the protein level and gene expression.

CONCLUSION: This study found elevated EGFR2 and Ki-67 levels in breast cancer patients, indicating tumor aggressiveness, while the downregulation of miR-17 and miR-1307 suggests reduced tumor-suppressive activity. Their inverse correlation supports their use in diagnostic and treatment monitoring.},
}

Humans
Female
*MicroRNAs/genetics/metabolism
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/diagnosis/metabolism
*Ki-67 Antigen/genetics/metabolism
Middle Aged
Prognosis
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Down-Regulation
*Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics/metabolism
Adult
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/diagnosis
*Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/pathology/diagnosis
Aged
Case-Control Studies

@article {pmid41072030,
year = {2025},
author = {Vignaroli, KA and Malkoc, A and Perez, K and Daoud, A and Mamoun, L and Kim, SU and Guan, A and Ramiscal, JAB},
title = {Factors Associated with Positive Margin Requiring Re-Excision after Oncoplastic Breast-Conserving Surgery.},
journal = {Southern medical journal},
volume = {118},
number = {10},
pages = {663-666},
doi = {10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001887},
pmid = {41072030},
issn = {1541-8243},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; *Mastectomy, Segmental/methods/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; *Margins of Excision ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology ; *Reoperation/statistics & numerical data ; Aged ; Adult ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology ; Risk Factors ; Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Multiple factors are associated with re-excision after breast-conserving surgery (BCS), however there is minimal literature discussing factors associated with re-excision after oncoplastic BCS (OBCS). This retrospective study aimed to identify factors associated with positive margins requiring re-excision after OBCS.

METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent OBCS between October 2021 and May 2024. Subjects were divided into those who required re-excision and those who did not. Factors were evaluated including patient age, body mass index, smoking status, presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, tumor multifocality, microcalcifications, tumor size, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2[+] (HER2[+]) status, triple negative (estrogen receptor[-]/progesterone receptor[-]/HER2[-]) status, and tumor pathologies including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and invasive lobular carcinoma.

RESULTS: The need for re-excision was significantly associated with a DCIS pathology (50% of patients, P = 0.021), and the lack of need for re-excision was associated with an IDC pathology (12.5% of patients, P = 0.005). There was no significant correlation in the need for margin re-excision based on age, body mass index, smoking status, the presence of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, tumor size, the presence of invasive lobular carcinoma, triple negative status, presence of HER2 or triple negative status, microcalcifications, or tumor multifocality.

CONCLUSIONS: Most factors associated with re-excision after BCS were not associated with re-excision after OBCS in our study. Similar to data published for BCS, however, our results show that DCIS pathology was significantly associated with re-excision in patients who undergo OBCS. In addition, the presence of IDC seemed to be negatively associated with re-excision after OBCS.},
}

Humans
Female
Retrospective Studies
*Mastectomy, Segmental/methods/statistics & numerical data
Middle Aged
*Margins of Excision
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology
*Reoperation/statistics & numerical data
Aged
Adult
Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology
Risk Factors
Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology

@article {pmid41069925,
year = {2025},
author = {Sajid, J and Qureshi, R and Ahmad, H and Qureshi, AUR and Shafiq, A},
title = {Multi-modal Malignancies in Cowden Syndrome: Diagnostic Challenges in a Suspected Case From a Low-Resource Setting.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {e91827},
pmid = {41069925},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Cowden syndrome (CS), a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene, predisposes individuals to a wide range of malignancies, including breast, thyroid, endometrial, and renal cancers. This report presents a case of a 69-year-old woman with a history of papillary thyroid carcinoma, recently diagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, and incidental clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) - clinically pointing toward the diagnosis of CS. Genetic testing and endoscopic evaluations were not possible, as the case occurred in the setting of a developing country, with limited resources and financial constraints. This case underscores the importance of early recognition of hereditary cancer syndromes in patients with multiple malignancies, as well as the need for comprehensive genetic counseling, surveillance, and tailored treatment strategies. A multidisciplinary approach involving oncology, surgery, radiology, and genetics is crucial in managing the complex clinical presentation of patients with CS. The case also highlights the challenges faced when establishing a formal diagnosis in resource-constrained settings. These challenges are related not only to limited resources, but also to patient compliance, health literacy, and access to healthcare services.},
}

@article {pmid41069807,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, H and Zhang, R and Gao, X and Jing, R and Zhang, Z and Miao, X},
title = {Exploring the impact of emergency risk information on construction workers' emergency information behavior: insights from confirmatory and exploratory PLS-SEM analyses.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1670767},
pmid = {41069807},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *Construction Industry ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Male ; Adult ; Self Efficacy ; Female ; China ; *Emergencies/psychology ; *Information Dissemination/methods ; Middle Aged ; Latent Class Analysis ; Least-Squares Analysis ; },
abstract = {Drawing on risk perception and information adoption theories, this study develops a structural equation model to examine the factors influencing emergency information behavior (EIB). The model includes risk information characteristics (RIC) and information dissemination channels (IDC) as independent variables, risk perception (RP) and information self-efficacy (ISE) as mediating variables, and EIB as the dependent variable. Data were collected from a questionnaire survey of 569 construction workers in Hangzhou and analyzed using Partial Least Squares SEM (PLS-SEM). The results indicate that RIC and IDC have a significant positive influence on RP, ISE, and EIB. Risk perception directly promotes EIB and indirectly influences it by enhancing information self-efficacy. Information self-efficacy, in turn, is also a significant driver of EIB, with the complete model explaining 55.5% of its variance (R [2] = 0.555). This study concludes that delivering high-quality risk information through multiple channels effectively enhances workers' ability to retrieve and use information during emergencies. This is achieved by improving their risk perception and information self-efficacy. The findings provide valuable empirical evidence and strategic recommendations for emergency management in the construction industry.},
}

Humans
*Construction Industry
Surveys and Questionnaires
Male
Adult
Self Efficacy
Female
China
*Emergencies/psychology
*Information Dissemination/methods
Middle Aged
Latent Class Analysis
Least-Squares Analysis

@article {pmid41068866,
year = {2025},
author = {Nganou-Gnindjio, CN and Okobalemba, EA and Tasong, LA and Zende, AM and Elong, JT and Tumtchou, P and Mapoko, BE and Metogo, JA and Essiben, F and Hamadou, B},
title = {Evaluation of the cardiotoxicity risk based on the HFA-ICOS score in a group of sub-Saharan African women before breast cancer treatment by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy: a cross-sectional study in a group of Cameroonian women.},
journal = {Cardio-oncology (London, England)},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {89},
pmid = {41068866},
issn = {2057-3804},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Treatment of breast cancer by chemotherapy or radiotherapy exposes the patient to the risk of cardiotoxicity, which can be assessed pre-therapeutically using scores such as the Heart Failure Association and International Cardio-Oncology Society (HFA-ICOS) score. We aimed to evaluate the risk of cardiotoxicity using the HFA-ICOS score in a group of Cameroonian women before treatment of breast cancer by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analytic study using retrospective data collected from the Cardiology and Oncology departments at Yaounde Central Hospital and the Internal Medicine department at Yaounde General Hospital over an eight-year period, from 2017 to 2024, with a focus on the nine months from November 2023 to June 2024. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. We performed a multivariate analysis to determine the factors associated with moderate and high risk of cardiotoxicity, with a significance threshold of p ≤ 0.05.

RESULTS: Of the 130 patients recruited, the median age was 46.5 years (interquartile range, IQR, 36.75-58.00), with extremes of 21 and 76 years. Comorbidities mainly were overweight/obesity in 92 (70.7%) cases and arterial hypertension in 32 (24.6%) cases. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the main histological type, accounting for 126 (96.9%) cases, and triple-negative carcinoma was the most frequent molecular subtype, comprising 55 (42.3%) cases. Treatment consisted of exclusive chemotherapy in 96 (73.8%) cases and radiotherapy associated with chemotherapy in 27 (20.8%) cases. Based on the HFA-ICOS score, the cardiotoxicity risk was low in 93 (71.5%) patients. The independent factors associated with the risk of moderate to severe cardiotoxicity were age ≥ 60 years (adjusted OR: 5.97; 95% CI 1.73-20.60; adjusted p = 0.005), obesity (adjusted OR: 5.81; 95% CI 1.78-18.91; p = 0.003) and hypertension (adjusted OR: 27.10; 95% CI 7.51-97.76; p < 0.001). Exclusive chemotherapy was a protective factor (adjusted OR: 0.24; 95% CI 0.07-0.81; adjusted p = 0.021).

CONCLUSION: Women with breast cancer in Cameroon tend to be relatively young and present a low risk of cardiotoxicity before starting anti-cancer treatment.},
}

@article {pmid41068218,
year = {2025},
author = {Giorello, MB and Borzone, FR and Padin, MDR and Mora, MF and Wernicke, A and Labovsky, V and Chasseing, NA},
title = {Breast microcalcifications as indicators of bone metastasis risk in early-stage breast cancer.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {35311},
pmid = {41068218},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/mortality ; *Calcinosis/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; *Bone Neoplasms/secondary ; Prognosis ; Adult ; Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {Bone metastasis is a leading cause of reduced survival in patients with advanced breast cancer. Therefore, identifying prognostic markers for bone metastasis at early disease stages is crucial. Microcalcifications are common findings in mammographic imaging and often serve as early diagnostic indicators. Certain types of microcalcifications have been linked to unfavorable genetic and molecular tumor profiles and are associated with poor prognosis. In particular, calcifications located within large ducts-such as casting-type, duct-centric patterns-have been described as independent markers of adverse outcome when compared to tumors with other calcification types or without calcifications. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of anarchic microcalcifications, defined as calcifications with irregular borders and/or disorganized patterns, in patients with early-stage breast cancer. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess the presence of these microcalcifications in invasive ductal carcinoma samples (n = 350). Their association with clinical and pathological characteristics was analyzed, including local relapse and bone metastasis occurrence. The presence of tumor microcalcifications was significantly associated with an increased risk of local relapse (p = 0.0360) and bone metastasis (p = 0.0020). Moreover, patients with microcalcifications exhibited shorter local relapse-free survival and bone metastasis-free survival (p = 0.0080 and p = 0.0020, respectively). Importantly, multivariate analysis confirmed that microcalcifications were an independent prognostic factor for both outcomes (p = 0.0150 and p = 0.0020, respectively). These findings suggest that the presence of tumor microcalcifications may serve as an independent prognostic marker for bone metastasis in early-stage breast cancer. Incorporating the evaluation of microcalcifications into routine pathological assessments could improve prognostic precision and support personalized treatment strategies. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the association between tumor microcalcifications and breast cancer progression.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/mortality
*Calcinosis/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Middle Aged
*Bone Neoplasms/secondary
Prognosis
Adult
Aged
Neoplasm Staging
Risk Factors

@article {pmid41068186,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, Z and Wang, B and Peng, S and Fu, Y and Yang, F and Ai, S and Wang, F and Zhuang, J and Guo, H and Qiu, X},
title = {The expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen in intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {35326},
pmid = {41068186},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {BE2020622//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; 82172639, 81972388//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZDXKB2016014//The Project of Invigorating Health Care through Science, Technology and Education, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory)/ ; QRX17128//Nanjing Medical Science and Technique Development Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; Aged ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; *Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; *Antigens, Surface/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Gallium Radioisotopes ; Immunohistochemistry ; Prostatectomy ; Gallium Isotopes ; },
abstract = {To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and radiological parameters of [[68]Ga]Ga-PSMA-11-PET/CT of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P). Seventy men with prostate cancer who had preoperative [[68]Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan and following radical prostatectomy were retrospectively included. Radiological parameters including maximal tumor diameter, mean standard uptake value (SUVmean), and maximal standard uptake value (SUVmax) were derived from PET/CT images. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the PSMA expression of IDC-P. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed for continuous variables and the chi-squared test for categorical variables. Logistic regression model was used for univariate analysis to compare the correlation between IDC-P and different preoperative variables. A total of 93 lesions were identified in 70 patients. Of these lesions, 21 (22.6%) in 20 patients (28.6%) were found to accompany IDC-P. The immune response score (IRS) of IDC-P lesions was significantly lower than that of prostate adenocarcinoma (P = 0.004).In multivariate analysis, SUVmean was found to be significantly lower in patients/lesions with IDC-P (P = 0.011, OR: 0.797 [95% CI 0.669-0.948] in the per-patient analysis and P = 0.028, OR: 0.829 [95% CI0.701-0.980] in the per-lesion analysis, respectively). SUVmean showed considerable AUC value of 0.71 (95% CI 0.589-0.839) in the per-patient analysis. Our results indicated lower histopathological PSMA expression and reduced [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 uptake in IDC-P compared to conventional prostate adenocarcinoma, suggesting that IDC-P may exhibit distinct biological features and could offer new insights for the radiological detection of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate in clinical practice.},
}

Humans
Male
*Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
Aged
Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
*Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II/metabolism
Middle Aged
*Antigens, Surface/metabolism
Retrospective Studies
Gallium Radioisotopes
Immunohistochemistry
Prostatectomy
Gallium Isotopes

@article {pmid41065768,
year = {2025},
author = {Wante, M and Reddy, ASS and Nirhale, DS and Jeughale, K and Kavya, A},
title = {Study the Changing Trends of Age at Diagnosis of Breast Carcinoma in Correlation with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Obesity, and Nutritional Status.},
journal = {Annals of African medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4103/aam.aam_203_25},
pmid = {41065768},
issn = {0975-5764},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hormonal factors, metabolic conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, and nutritional deficiencies, influence the risk and prognosis of breast cancer risk. Understanding the interplay among these factors helps in identifying potential targets for prevention and treatment strategies.

AIM: The study aims to examine the shifting patterns in the age of breast cancer diagnosis and explore their associations with PCOS, obesity, and nutritional status.

METHODS: The prospective observational study included patients with histopathologically confirmed breast carcinoma. Detailed demographic and clinical data, including age at diagnosis, parity, menopausal status, and body mass index (used to classify obesity) were collected. Symptoms suggestive of PCOS and nutritional deficiencies (Vitamin D, iron, and iodine) were evaluated using laboratory and radiological findings. Histopathological findings and hormone receptor status were also noted.

RESULTS: Most women diagnosed with breast carcinoma were between 29 and 50 years (46.7%), postmenopausal (53.3%), overweight (58.7%), had PCOS (20.0%), and Vitamin D deficiency (68.0%). Invasive ductal carcinoma (90.7%) was the most common histopathological subtype, and most tumors were estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, especially ER + PR + Her2- (41.3%). None of the factors - PCOS, obesity, and nutritional status - were associated with histopathological subtypes (P > 0.05). However, PCOS was more common in ER-positive cases than ER-negative cases (P = 0.04), whereas obesity and nutritional status showed no association with hormone receptor status (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: High prevalence of breast carcinoma cases in women aged 31-50 years highlights shifting trend in its diagnosis. Nearly 80% of breast cancer patients had PCOS, suggesting its influence on tumor biology. Notable prevalence of nutritional deficiency (Vitamin D, serum iron, serum iodine, and folic acid deficiency) warrants further investigation into their role in breast cancer pathogenesis.},
}

@article {pmid41064227,
year = {2025},
author = {Singareddy, CTR and Nagaraj, C and Lakshmi, VVV and Vashishta, G and Malipatel, R},
title = {Unusual Gastric Metastasis from Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Breast Mimicking as Metachronous Primary on [18]F-FDG PET/CT.},
journal = {Indian journal of nuclear medicine : IJNM : the official journal of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, India},
volume = {40},
number = {4},
pages = {236-239},
pmid = {41064227},
issn = {0972-3919},
abstract = {The most common metastatic sites from carcinoma breast include the bones, lungs, liver, and brain. Breast cancer metastasizing to the gastrointestinal tract is very rare. This case report is about a compliant woman who was a known treated case of right breast cancer, in whom [18]F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed a focal FDG avid mural thickening in the body of stomach 4 years later, for which suspicion of a second primary of gastric origin was raised, considering the rarity of being metastatic. However, histopathology confirmed it as metastasis of breast origin. This case highlights the importance of considering gastric metastasis as a differential diagnosis in patients who present with a gastric lesion and a history of breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid41064097,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, C and Li, Y and Ma, X and Zhao, Z and Li, L and Liu, D and Li, B and Zhao, B},
title = {Clinical characteristics and prognosis of breast cancer patients with ovarian metastases.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1640067},
pmid = {41064097},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics, overall survival (OS), and prognostic factors associated with breast cancer patients who have ovarian metastasis (OM).

MATERIALS & METHODS: This retrospective single-center study analyzed 41 breast cancer patients with pathologically confirmed OM who underwent bilateral oophorectomy between 2011 and 2022. Data on clinical-pathological characteristics, molecular subtypes, detection methods, and survival were collected. The survival times were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Prognostic factors were assessed through Cox regression models.

RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 33 (80.5%) invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 8 (19.5%) invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) cases. Most patients (87.8%) were hormone receptor-positive. Patients with ILC were significantly older at initial diagnosis than IDC patients (median 45 vs. 37 years, P = 0.014). OM was detected earlier in IDC, often incidentally during ablation surgery (54.5% vs. 12.5% for ILC, P = 0.032), whereas ILC patients typically presented with symptoms. For the entire cohort, the median OS was 85.0 months, while the median OS after OM was 28 months. Notably, patients with ILC exhibited a significantly shorter OS after OM (11.5 months) compared to those with IDC (30 months; P = 0.01). Furthermore, the interval from the initial diagnosis of breast cancer to the emergence of OM was significantly associated with the OS of these patients (P < 0.05), serving as an independent prognostic indicator.

CONCLUSIONS: OM, which may not exhibit overt clinical manifestations in the early stage, significantly affects the survival of BC patients. The ILC histological type is associated with a particularly unfavorable post-OM prognosis, and the interval from initial diagnosis to OM is a key prognostic indicator. These findings may guide clinical management in these patients.},
}

@article {pmid41063895,
year = {2025},
author = {Pavithran, S and Pavithran, K and Raj, M and Kumar, AA and Gopinath, S},
title = {Health-Related Quality of Life in Women With Invasive Ductal Carcinoma After Chemotherapy: Insight From the FACT-B+4 Questionnaire.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {e91785},
pmid = {41063895},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Introduction Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common form of breast cancer in females, often treated with chemotherapy, either in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting. Malignancy as well as chemotherapy have a profound impact on the quality of life (QOL), with prognosis and survival largely dependent on early identification and treatment. Understanding the determinants of QOL is crucial to addressing its impact on physical, emotional, and social well-being. Aim This study aimed to determine the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma after receiving chemotherapy and to explore factors contributing to a reduction in their HRQOL. Methods This was a prospective cohort study conducted among 294 women aged between 30 and 70 years who were histopathologically diagnosed with IDC and received chemotherapy from a Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Kerala. QOL was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast+4 (FACT-B+4) questionnaire version 4.0, and sociodemographic and clinical data were collected through questionnaires, direct measurements, and from electronic medical records (EMR). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the reduction (change) in QOL, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors contributing to the reduction in QOL after chemotherapy. Results The patients had a mean age of 51.56 ± 10.06 years, with the majority being 50 years and above (56.4%). Of 294 women who received chemotherapy, 228 (77.6%) developed chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) of mild to moderate grades. Emotional well-being (EWB) had the lowest mean score before starting chemotherapy (those who developed CIPN: 14.46 ± 5.07 and those who did not develop CIPN: 13.72 ± 4.73). After chemotherapy, the maximum reduction in QOL occurred in physical well-being (PWB), with mean scores of 9.49 ± 5.57 and 3.49 ± 5.62, respectively, for those who developed and did not develop CIPN. Furthermore, in all domains, the reduction in QOL was greater in patients who developed CIPN than in those who did not. However, the difference in QOL change between the two groups was significant only for two domains: PWB (p < 0.001) and EWB (p = 0.013). The breast cancer subscale (BCS) (p < 0.001), arm (ARM) subscale (p = 0.033), and total scores (FACT-B TOI, FACT-G Total, and FACT-B Total) were also significantly lower in women who developed CIPN than in those who did not (p < 0.001). The factors contributing to the reduction in QOL were the presence of CIPN (OR = 3.623, 95% CI: 1.072-12.228, p = 0.038), age <50 years (OR = 4.016, CI: 1.236-12.987, p = 0.007), a higher number of chemotherapy cycles (eight cycles - OR = 38.488, 95% CI: 2.086-710.055, p = 0.053 and 12 cycles - OR = 70.655, 95% CI: 2.067-2415.638, p = 0.018), metastasis in the ipsilateral lymph nodes (OR = 3.623, CI: 1.204-10.902, p = 0.022), use of statins (OR = 7.608, CI: 1.269-45.617, p = 0.026), endocrine drugs (OR = 14.073, CI: 2.180-90.864, p = 0.005), and anaemia (OR = 30.606, CI: 1.867-15.001, p = 0.008). Conclusion The study highlights the significant impact of CIPN on the QOL of patients, along with factors such as age, number of chemotherapy cycles, presence of regional metastasis, histopathological subtypes, and anaemia. The study findings suggest the need for risk stratification and tailoring treatment strategies appropriately to minimise the risk of CIPN and optimise the QOL.},
}

@article {pmid41063822,
year = {2025},
author = {Ramos-Bartolomei, S and López-Fontanet, J and Muns-Aponte, S and Montes, JR and Noy, M},
title = {Metastasis of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Masquerading as a Chalazion.},
journal = {Case reports in ophthalmology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {628-632},
pmid = {41063822},
issn = {1663-2699},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Nonhealing or rapidly growing lesions should raise suspicion for malignancy, especially in a patient with a prior history of cancer. The purpose of this case was to highlight the importance of a thorough clinical history. A high index of suspicion and low threshold for biopsy are important, as is a fast diagnosis, as they can make a difference in adequate treatment and prognosis.

CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 46-year-old female with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast presenting with a rapidly growing painless right lower eyelid lesion with biopsy remarkable for a high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma suspected to be a result of metastasis with rare transformation of breast ductal carcinoma.

CONCLUSION: She had an eyelid lesion recurrence less than 2 months after biopsy and excision, demonstrating the importance of early detection and biopsy with immunohistochemistry to target malignant cells and improve life quality and expectancy.},
}

@article {pmid41063546,
year = {2025},
author = {Okubo, Y and Kasajima, R and Sato, S and Yamamoto, Y and Suzuki, A and Aigase, T and Yuguchi, S and Hasegawa, C and Yoshioka, E and Washimi, K and Matsuyama, R and Hiroshima, Y and Nakaigawa, N and Narimatsu, H and Kishida, T and Yokose, T and Miyagi, Y},
title = {Cribriform pattern and IDC-P in prostate biopsies: prognostic relevance and reporting in metastatic disease.},
journal = {The journal of pathology. Clinical research},
volume = {11},
number = {6},
pages = {e70052},
doi = {10.1002/2056-4538.70052},
pmid = {41063546},
issn = {2056-4538},
support = {25K10294//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Prognosis ; Biopsy ; *Prostate/pathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Aged, 80 and over ; Neoplasm Grading ; },
abstract = {Cribriform pattern and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate are recognized adverse histological features, yet their prognostic value in treatment-naïve metastatic disease remains uncertain. We conducted a single-center retrospective study of 183 biopsy-proven prostate carcinomas (105 with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate carcinoma and 78 non-metastatic high-grade cases) diagnosed between 2017 and 2024. Cribriform pattern, intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, and coagulative tumor necrosis were recorded per core and summarized as patient-level binary status and as semiquantitative proportions per cancer-positive core. Two multivariable logistic regression models (binary and semiquantitative) were fitted, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis evaluated the discriminatory performance of the cribriform proportion. Cribriform pattern and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate were more frequent in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate carcinoma. In the semiquantitative model, the cribriform proportion remained independently associated with metastatic status [odds ratio (OR) 1.29, 95% CI 1.07-1.55, p = 0.008; per 1.0 increase in the proportion, equivalent to OR 1.03 per 10%-point increase], whereas necrosis remained significant only in the binary model. The cancer-positive core rate and a lower total number of biopsy cores were predictive in both models, whereas prostate-specific antigen, intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, and Grade Group composition were not independent predictors. ROC analysis for the cribriform proportion yielded an area under the curve of 0.704, with a Youden Index cut-off of 0.445 (approximately half of cancer-positive cores), corresponding to a sensitivity of 57.1% and a specificity of 75.6%. These findings indicate that semiquantitative reporting of cribriform pattern - expressed as the proportion of cancer-positive cores - adds discriminatory information for metastatic status at presentation and could complement binary reporting in high-grade disease. From a clinical perspective, such evaluation may refine risk stratification at diagnosis and support treatment intensification strategies in very-high-risk patients.},
}

Humans
Male
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Middle Aged
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
Prognosis
Biopsy
*Prostate/pathology
Neoplasm Metastasis
Aged, 80 and over
Neoplasm Grading

@article {pmid41063232,
year = {2025},
author = {Teng, L and Du, J and Dong, Y and Li, K and Tao, W},
title = {Survival analysis of metachronous bilateral ectopic breast cancer utilizing the SEER database and the pioneering construction of a nomogram model.},
journal = {European journal of medical research},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {934},
pmid = {41063232},
issn = {2047-783X},
support = {2021J17//First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Fund for Distinguished Young Medical Scholars/ ; YXJL-2021-0302-0287//BEIJING MEDICAL AWARD FOUNDATION/ ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Metachronous bilateral ectopic breast cancer (MBEBC) is clinically rare, but the incidence has been increasing in recent years and no clear therapeutic guidance or prognostic assessment is available.

METHODS: Data on MBEBC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were gathered and randomly split into a training set and a validation set at a 7:3 ratio. Independent prognostic risk factors were identified through both univariate and multivariate analyses, and a nomogram was constructed based on these factors to predict survival outcomes.

RESULTS: From the SEER database, we collected data on a total of 8240 patients spanning the years 2005-2015. These patients were then randomly divided into a training set (5768) and a validation set (2472) for analysis. The clinicopathological features indicated that Grade 2 tumors were the most prevalent, with invasive ductal carcinoma comprising 71.2% of the cases. Additionally, the majority of MBEBC patients were classified as N0, and only a small fraction (4.2%) exhibited distant metastases. A multivariate COX regression model was developed to identify independent prognostic risk factors for patients whose first and second tumors were both invasive ductal carcinomas, as well as those with more extensive pathological types. Nomograms were also constructed for survival prediction of overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-special survival (BCSS) at 3, 5, and 10 years. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated. The AUC was greater than 0.7 in all models, with a 10-year OS of 78.0 (76.0-80.0) and a BCSS of 77.6 (76.0-79.3) in all patients. The calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrate that the nomogram possesses strong clinical predictive capability and high predictive accuracy.

CONCLUSION: This study detailed the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with the clinically rare MBEBC and identified independent prognostic risk factors across various pathology types. Additionally, a nomogram was developed for individualized prediction of patients' BCSS and OS, offering a new adjunctive tool for the clinical management of MBEBC patients.},
}

@article {pmid41054366,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohammed Mahmoud, M and Abdulla Kamil Abdulla, and Dler Omar Mohammed, },
title = {Molecular detection of Epstein-Barr virus in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a case-control study.},
journal = {Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)},
volume = {71},
number = {9},
pages = {105-110},
doi = {10.14715/cmb/2025.71.9.13},
pmid = {41054366},
issn = {1165-158X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Case-Control Studies ; *Breast Neoplasms/virology/pathology ; *Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/virology/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; *Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology/complications ; Aged ; Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The uncertain contribution of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to the etiological processes underlying invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the mammary gland, especially in relation to its molecular interactions within inflamed histological contexts, remains to be elucidated. This case-control research assessed the link between EBV infection and mammary IDC in a population of Iraqi females from Kirkuk. A total of 300 breast tissue specimens preserved in paraffin blocks were evaluated, including 150 samples diagnosed with IDC and 150 samples classified as fibroadenoma serving as controls. EBV latent membrane protein-1 expression was identified through the application of immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction methodologies. EBV positivity, defined as detection by both IHC and PCR, was observed in 7.3% of IDC cases and 4% of controls, with no statistically significant difference between groups (P=0.996). No significant association was found between EBV presence and estrogen or progesterone receptor status, while Her-2 expression differed significantly between EBV-positive and EBV-negative patients (P<0.001). EBV was more frequently detected in grade I tumors and stage II breast cancers, and older patients showed a higher prevalence of EBV infection. The results indicate that although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is identifiable in a fraction of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) breast specimens, a definitive causative relationship between EBV presence and IDC occurrence within this demographic is not established. Nonetheless, EBV detection appears to exhibit higher frequency in specific histopathological grades, clinical stages, and patient age categories.},
}

Humans
Female
Case-Control Studies
*Breast Neoplasms/virology/pathology
*Herpesvirus 4, Human/genetics/isolation & purification
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/virology/pathology
Middle Aged
Adult
*Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology/complications
Aged
Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism

@article {pmid41054106,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, Y and Chen, H and Wang, K and Liu, Y},
title = {Clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes in spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) of the breast: A SEER population-based study.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {40},
pages = {e44851},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000044851},
pmid = {41054106},
issn = {1536-5964},
support = {Grant No. 82204721//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; SEER Program ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/mortality ; Aged ; Prognosis ; Adult ; Propensity Score ; *Carcinoma/pathology/mortality ; Neoplasm Staging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/mortality ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {Spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) of the breast is a rare entity. The aim of this study was to provide more information for understanding this disease and to improve the management of it in the clinic. Patients with SpCC and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast were identified through the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database (2001-2018). 227 patients with SpCC and 565,388 patients with breast IDC were enrolled in the present cohort study. Comparative analyses were performed to investigate the heterogeneity in the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes between these 2 groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the influences of baseline clinicopathological differences. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was carried out to identify potential prognostic factors of SpCC. Compared with IDC, patients with SpCC had a higher proportion of older patients and white individuals, a higher tumor grade, a lower tumor stage, a larger tumor size, a higher incidence of distant metastasis, a lower rate of lymph node involvement, a higher proportion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and less access to therapeutics. The prognosis of SpCC was profoundly poorer than that of IDC, whether before or after PSM. Subgroup analysis further showed that SpCC-TNBC had a worse clinical outcome than IDC-TNBC. Finally, we found that older age, advanced T stage, N stage and M stage were all risk factors for SpCC. SpCC of the breast presented with increasing aggressive behavior in comparison with IDC and inferior clinical outcome than IDC for both the whole group and the TNBC subgroup. Distinguishing SpCC from IDC is critical for improving treatment efficacy; therefore, further research must focus on this rare but aggressive disease.},
}

Humans
Female
SEER Program
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/mortality
Aged
Prognosis
Adult
Propensity Score
*Carcinoma/pathology/mortality
Neoplasm Staging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/mortality
Proportional Hazards Models
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid41052010,
year = {2025},
author = {Icht, M and Meirzada, A and Ben-David, BM},
title = {Little ears, literal emotions: the developmental pattern of emotional speech processing in elementary school-age children and the mediating role of expressive lexicon.},
journal = {Cognition & emotion},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1080/02699931.2025.2568550},
pmid = {41052010},
issn = {1464-0600},
abstract = {Processing spoken emotions, a critical skill for social interactions, develops from birth to adulthood. It relies on processing information in two auditory channels: semantics and prosody, and their integration. The current study examined the developmental pattern of emotional speech processing, comparing 8- and 12-year-old elementary school children (ES-Juniors and ES-Seniors, respectively). This age-range reflects developmental stages in emotional processing, social understanding, lexical development, and executive functions. Three basic abilities were tested: (1) Identifying semantic/prosodic emotions, (2) Selectively attending to a single channel, and (3) Integrating the two channels. Sixty participants rated how much they agreed that a spoken sentence expressed a specific emotion (happiness, sadness, or anger), in one or both channels. The ES-Senior group outperformed the ES-Junior group in semantic identification and selective attention. No significant differences were found for prosody. ES-Seniors showed better channel integration: While ES-Juniors performed with semantic dominance, ES-Seniors showed no significant dominance, approaching adult-like performance. Finally, expressive lexicon moderated group differences in semantic identification and prosody-semantics integration. The ES-Seniors' advantage over ES-Junior in these measures disappears for individuals with higher language scores. Findings may inform interventions for ES children experiencing emotional processing challenges.},
}

@article {pmid41051950,
year = {2025},
author = {Elverici, E and Gündoğdu, S and Gunbey Karabekmez, L and Kayaçetin, S and Altun Özdemir, B and Gökhan, MB and Özsoy, A},
title = {Diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in the evaluation of suspicious microcalcifications without associated mass.},
journal = {Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {2841851251380868},
doi = {10.1177/02841851251380868},
pmid = {41051950},
issn = {1600-0455},
abstract = {BackgroundContrast-enhancing magnetic resonance imaging is an expensive examination compared to contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) and cannot show microcalcifications.PurposeTo investigate the diagnostic performance of CESM for malignancy with microcalcifications alone and the relationship between tumor immunohistochemistry findings and tumor grade.Material and MethodsA total of 117 patients with suspected microcalcification at CESM were applied to our hospital between January 2022 and May 2024. Patients with accompanying mass and architectural distortion (n = 9) and the ones lacking pathology results (n = 11) were excluded. Patients with CESM and histopathological diagnosis (n = 97) were evaluated retrospectively. Mammography images were analyzed according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System lexicon.ResultsIn our study, the diagnostic value of the presence of contrast enhancement in CESM was high in the evaluation of suspicious breast microcalcifications. Malignant pathology was detected in all of the microcalcifications with high-risk morphology. In addition, all of the microcalcifications that enhanced in solid and ground-glass form were invasive ductal carcinoma. However, no significant relationship was found between immunohistochemical parameters (ER, PR, CerB2, Ki-67 and grade) and enhancement in CESM. The highest enhancement rate among malignant subtypes was detected in the luminal B group.ConclusionCESM is useful to reduce the number of unnecessary benign biopsies with suspicious microcalcifications in the breast, and provides an important contribution to the radiologist's biopsy decision by simultaneously showing the morphological features of the microcalcification and the contrast enhancement information.},
}

@article {pmid41050877,
year = {2025},
author = {Stover, CS and Meshberg-Cohen, S and Portnoy, GA and Char, S and McCaskill, CW and Do, QA and Dziura, J and Martino, S},
title = {Efficacy of an integrated treatment for fathers with Co-occurring substance misuse and family violence.},
journal = {Contemporary clinical trials communications},
volume = {48},
number = {},
pages = {101555},
pmid = {41050877},
issn = {2451-8654},
abstract = {Substance Use (SU) and Family Violence (FV) are both critical public health concerns and often occur together. However, most existing interventions target only one of these problems, without consideration of the other, and fail to address when individuals with these issues are parents. The current Stage II randomized clinical trial (RCT) aims to compare two individually delivered interventions, Fathers for Change (F4C) and Individual Drug Counseling (IDC) in 280 fathers who have used physical or psychological violence towards a partner, have a substance use disorder, and have a biological child between the ages of 3 months and 12 years. They will be recruited from two locations (Department of Veteran Affairs [VA] and community substance use treatment clinic). This efficacy study aims to demonstrate that F4C can achieve comparable SU reductions to IDC, while also reducing FV, with increases in emotion regulation meditating the relationship between the intervention group and reduced SU and FV. Findings from this study have large scale clinical and public health implications that can help target and address co-occurring SU and FV and mitigate negative outcomes for affected children and families.},
}

@article {pmid41049938,
year = {2025},
author = {Patel, RM and Korsunsky, S and El-Gazzaz, G and Abdulla, A},
title = {Robotic-Assisted Adrenalectomy for Presumed Metastasis in a Male Patient With Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {e91583},
pmid = {41049938},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {We report the case of a 57-year-old male with T1N1M0, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), progesterone receptor-positive (PR+), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-), corresponding to American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IIA (AJCC Stage IIA) invasive ductal cell carcinoma of the left breast, who underwent a radical mastectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy. CT and MRI imaging demonstrated an adrenal nodule that persisted even after the patient's chemotherapy regimen was completed. Subsequent PET imaging detected a hypermetabolic left adrenal mass concerning for distant metastasis. Ultimately, the patient and care team decided that a robotic-assisted left adrenalectomy was likely the best course of action. Intraoperative frozen and final pathology both confirmed a benign adrenal fibroadenoma. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges faced when distinguishing adrenal metastasis from benign lesions in patients with a history of malignancy, especially when imaging findings are nonspecific. The case emphasized the sheer importance of multidisciplinary evaluation and potential surgical intervention in rare malignancies, such as male breast cancer, where existing guidelines are often extrapolated from female populations.},
}

@article {pmid41048698,
year = {2025},
author = {Dharia, A and Yan, K and Mammen, SV and Myers, M and Ahn, J and Jaiswal, G},
title = {Metastatic Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Presenting as Unilateral Adrenal Incidentaloma.},
journal = {AACE endocrinology and diabetes},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {169-173},
pmid = {41048698},
issn = {3050-9157},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The widespread use of cross-sectional imaging has led to increased detection of adrenal incidentalomas (AI), most of which are benign. However, a small fraction of AIs are malignant, with a significantly higher risk in patients with a history of cancer.

CASE REPORT: Sixty-nine-year-old woman with a remote history of invasive ductal breast carcinoma and thyroid carcinoma in remission presented with chronic abdominal pain. Imaging revealed 2 enlarging, right adrenal nodules with indeterminate features and no uptake on PET-CT. Hormonal tests indicated a nonfunctioning adrenal mass. Due to continued growth, she underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Histopathology revealed metastatic breast carcinoma, and she subsequently initiated systemic chemotherapy.

DISCUSSION: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges posed by AIs in patients with known cancer and provides valuable insights into the detection and management of adrenal metastases.

CONCLUSION: Timely surgical intervention allowed for definitive diagnosis and appropriate oncologic management, highlighting the importance of individualized evaluation and multidisciplinary decision-making in cases of AIs.},
}

@article {pmid41046212,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, Z and Sun, Z and Zhao, F and Jin, Y and Chen, Y and Zhu, L and Guo, Y and Wang, W},
title = {Predictive Value of Nomogram-Based Clinicopathological Biomarkers Combined with Multiparametric MRI for Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Expression in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2025.09.017},
pmid = {41046212},
issn = {1878-4046},
abstract = {RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the value of clinicopathological features and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels in breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 171 patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma who underwent preoperative MRI (2023-2025) were included. The analysis focused on the clinicopathological characteristics alongside conventional MRI features and a range of quantitative parameters. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified independent predictors of high and low TIL levels. A nomogram was constructed based on the multivariable logistic regression model results.

RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis identified histological grade, D, D*, Ktrans, and Kep as independent factors in the training cohort. The nomogram's C-index was 0.944 in the training cohort and 0.964 in the validation cohort. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram model was 0.954 (85.1% sensitivity, 91.1% specificity, and 87.4% accuracy) in the training cohort and 0.974 (96.7% sensitivity, 92.1% specificity, and 92.6% accuracy) in the validation cohort, both significantly higher than those of the individual models in the corresponding cohorts (Z=3.018-6.653, all P<0.05 and Z=2.546-5.668, all P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Combining clinicopathological characteristics with multiparametric MRI parameters significantly improves prediction accuracy for TIL levels in breast cancer. This integrated model holds considerable clinical potential, providing robust support for personalised treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41035082,
year = {2025},
author = {Sarmadi, A and Javanmard, SH and Zeinalian, M and Hosseinzadeh, M and Tabatabaiefar, MA},
title = {Mono-allelic MUTYH mutation as the likely inherited etiology of hereditary breast cancer in a patient from a multi-cancer family- report of a family and literature review.},
journal = {BMC medical genomics},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {146},
pmid = {41035082},
issn = {1755-8794},
mesh = {Humans ; *DNA Glycosylases/genetics ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Pedigree ; *Alleles ; *Mutation ; Middle Aged ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Adult ; Exome Sequencing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer globally. Carriers of pathogenic variants in high- or moderate-penetrance genes, have an increased risk of developing hereditary BC (HBC). While, MUTYH is known to be associated with hereditary colonic polyposis and colorectal carcinoma, its role in BC is controversial. This study investigated the genetic cause of HBC in an Iranian family with a history of multiple cancer cases.

METHODS: Clinical examination and exome sequencing (ES) was performed in a patient suffering from invasive ductal carcinoma from a family with several cases of different types of cancer. The pathogenicity of detected variants was done based on American Collage of Medical Genetics (ACMG) and Sanger sequencing was carried out for its validation. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive review of the literature.

RESULTS: Here, a pathogenic variant (p. A287Pfs*32) was identified in the MUTYH gene in mono-allelic status in four BC patients. However, this variant was previously reported as the cause of MutYH-associated polyposis (MAP) in homozygous status. The review of literature showed that the frequency of MUTYH mutation in BC patients population is in a range of 0.3-5.6%.

CONCLUSION: In this study, a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the MUTYH gene was identified as the possible cause of BC in a multi-cancer family using ES. While the potential association between mono-allelic MUTYH mutations and an elevated risk of BC remains controversial, these findings highlight the necessity for a careful interpretation when assessing the role of MUTYH mutations in BC risk.},
}

Humans
*DNA Glycosylases/genetics
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
Pedigree
*Alleles
*Mutation
Middle Aged
*Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Adult
Exome Sequencing

@article {pmid41030644,
year = {2025},
author = {Yee, G and Wu, R and Ishikawa, T and Takabe, K},
title = {Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Has Higher Immune Response Than Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in Estrogen Receptor-Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Breast Cancers.},
journal = {World journal of oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {446-456},
pmid = {41030644},
issn = {1920-454X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) are two major pathological diagnoses of breast cancer, but few studies have described their differences within luminal (estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative) subtypes at the molecular level.

METHODS: Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n = 584) and the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) (n = 1,355) cohorts, we analyzed luminal ILC and IDC, excluding mixed type, in patients with stage I-III breast cancer.

RESULTS: ILC was associated with Nottingham histological grade 2, larger tumor size and more stage III disease than IDC (all P < 0.01) but no difference in lymph node nor distant metastasis in both cohorts. There was no survival difference between ILC and IDC. ILC had less aggressive genomic features compared to IDC, and the cell proliferation score and Ki67 gene expression were significantly lower in ILC in TCGA (P < 0.001); however, these findings were not validated in METABRIC. Hallmark cell proliferation-related gene sets (E2F targets, G2M checkpoint, MYC targets V1, and MTORC1 signaling) were significantly less enriched in ILC in both cohorts (all normalized enrichment score (NES) > 1.4, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.12). While ILC appeared to have a lower trend of pathological complete response (pCR) in the GSE20194 and GSE1140494 cohorts, ILC was infiltrated with significantly more CD4[+] cells and dendritic cells and significantly less T helper type I (Th1) cells, regulatory T cells and M1 and M2 macrophages in both cohorts (all P < 0.05). Stromal cells, adipocytes and lymphatic endothelial cells were highly infiltrated in ILC, and cytolytic activity that represented the global anti-tumor immunity was significantly elevated in ILC in TCGA and subsequently validated in METABRIC.

CONCLUSIONS: ILC has higher immune response and immune cell infiltration than IDC in the luminal subtype.},
}

@article {pmid41026283,
year = {2025},
author = {Hawkins, KN and Dillard, J and Ye, Y and Wang, J and Hoffman, RM and Mcphail, K and Barsky, SH},
title = {Natural and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition results in epigenetic silencing of HER2 overexpression.},
journal = {Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {15},
pmid = {41026283},
issn = {1573-7039},
support = {BC990959, BC024258, BC053405//Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program Grants/ ; U54CA163069//Pathology Shared Resource Core, supported by NIH/ ; },
mesh = {*Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics ; Humans ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *Gene Silencing ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Animals ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; },
abstract = {Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-known phenomenon that has been implicated in diverse biological processes ranging from embryonal development to cancer invasion and metastasis. In epithelial-derived cancers which both invade and metastasize as epithelial clumps or clusters, EMT would have to be followed by MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition) since both the initial cancer and the metastasis appear epithelial in nature. There is a rare subset of breast carcinomas, however, that exhibit biphasic epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation, so-called metaplastic carcinomas. Our initial studies were designed to examine whether EMT was indeed occurring in this unique subset of metaplastic breast carcinomas. Based on both RT-PCR and immunocytochemical studies, EMT was naturally occurring. Once this was confirmed, we wanted to investigate the effects of EMT beyond the immediate gene expression pattern that traditionally defined it. Although approximately 90% of metaplastic breast carcinomas are triple negative, 5-10% amplify and overexpress HER2. We then conducted both observational studies in these biphasic HER2 overexpressing metaplastic breast carcinomas and experimental studies with a HER2 overexpressing cell line, the HTB20, where TGFβ1 induced EMT. In the observational studies, HER2 gene amplification was equally present in both the epithelial and mesenchymal phases but both HER2 mRNA and protein levels were essentially silenced in the areas having undergone EMT. Similarly in the experimental studies where TGFβ1 induced EMT, HER2 gene amplification persisted but HER2 mRNA and protein levels were similarly silenced. These studies provide direct evidence that both naturally occurring and induced EMT results in epigenetically silencing of HER2 overexpression.},
}

*Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
Humans
*Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics/metabolism
Female
*Epigenesis, Genetic
*Gene Silencing
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism
Cell Line, Tumor
Animals
Transforming Growth Factor beta1

@article {pmid41025061,
year = {2025},
author = {Singla, V and Bhatia, H and Garg, D and Bal, A and Sekar, A},
title = {A compendium of male breast imaging: The road less traveled.},
journal = {World journal of radiology},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {110906},
pmid = {41025061},
issn = {1949-8470},
abstract = {Male breast disorders, though less prevalent, present unique diagnostic challenges that differ significantly from their female counterparts. While benign entities such as gynecomastia are predominant, the risk of underlying malignancy, often diagnosed at an advanced stage, highlights the need for a systematic, image-guided assessment. Ultrasound and mammography are the first-line complementary tools, with magnetic resonance imaging reserved for problem-solving. This review outlines the anatomical, pathological, and radiological nuances of the male breast, describing crucial red flag signs, sonographic pitfalls, and mammographic mimics that aid in distinguishing benign entities from sinister pathologies such as invasive ductal carcinoma. Given the increasing visibility of transgender individuals, this review also addresses imaging considerations and screening recommendations tailored to this population. By integrating clinical insights with radiologic imaging, this review offers a comprehensive approach to both common and not-so-common male breast lesions, with an emphasis on an algorithmic stepwise diagnostic approach.},
}

@article {pmid41024216,
year = {2025},
author = {Kitagawa, Y and Nassiri, M and Mesa, H and Prakash, J and Popnikolov, N},
title = {Possible role of anastrozole-induced hormonal alterations in pathogenesis of mammary apocrine carcinoma and follicular lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {465},
pmid = {41024216},
issn = {1752-1947},
mesh = {Humans ; *Anastrozole/adverse effects ; Female ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced/pathology/surgery ; *Aromatase Inhibitors/adverse effects ; *Nitriles/adverse effects ; *Lymphoma, Follicular/chemically induced/pathology ; *Triazoles/adverse effects ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/chemically induced/surgery ; *Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects ; Paget's Disease, Mammary ; Mammography ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In postmenopausal women, aromatase inhibitors decrease estrogen levels and increase local dihydrotestosterone concentrations. In this case report, we describe interesting associations between aromatase-inhibitor-induced hormonal changes and the development of apocrine mammary carcinoma and follicular lymphoma.

CASE PRESENTATION: Here we report an 83-year-old Caucasian female patient who initially presented with Paget's disease of the right nipple and associated small focus of invasive ductal carcinoma (ERα + PR + HER2-). The patient did not pursue surgical resection and was treated only with anastrozole, and 5 years later, she was diagnosed with a 1.1 cm ipsilateral periareolar apocrine mammary carcinoma (ERα-ERβ + PR - AR + HER2-) that was detected during surveillance mammography. In addition to this tumor, the subsequent mastectomy specimen revealed an adjacent residual focus of the original invasive ductal carcinoma (ERα + ERβ + PR + AR + HER2-) within the nipple and a focus of follicular lymphoma (ERα-ERβ + AR[low]) in the retroareolar area. Sentinel lymph nodes and imaging studies were negative for malignancy. The patient was continued on observation. Anastrozole was stopped after 10 months, and 2 months later, during a routine screening, a 1.8 cm invasive apocrine carcinoma (ERα-ERβ + PR-AR + HER2-) was detected in the patient's contralateral breast and she underwent simple mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. The sentinel lymph node was negative. No chemotherapy or radiation therapy was recommended. All carcinomas exposed to anastrozole expressed androgen-responsive molecules (GCDFP-15, NKX3.1). Germline genetic testing for 19 genes associated with hereditary breast cancer syndromes was negative, and 3 years later, the patient is still alive with no recurrences.

CONCLUSION: Our case suggests that unopposed local androgen exposure and loss of ERβ-mediated suppressive effect of estrogens may be involved in development of apocrine mammary tumors and lymphomas, respectively. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the roles of steroid hormones in pathogenesis of apocrine carcinoma and follicular lymphoma. This case also illustrates the importance of patient follow-up during and after aromatase inhibitor therapy. Appropriate surveillance for lymphoma may also be considered for those patients. Finally, when lymphoid aggregates are encountered in specimens from patients with breast cancer, a clinical history of hormonal therapy should alert the pathologist for a possibility of lymphoma.},
}

Humans
*Anastrozole/adverse effects
Female
Aged, 80 and over
*Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced/pathology/surgery
*Aromatase Inhibitors/adverse effects
*Nitriles/adverse effects
*Lymphoma, Follicular/chemically induced/pathology
*Triazoles/adverse effects
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/chemically induced/surgery
*Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects
Paget's Disease, Mammary
Mammography

@article {pmid41023513,
year = {2025},
author = {Aponte-Rueda, ME and Gómez-González, FM and Merck, B},
title = {Breast Cancer Heterogeneity in Latin America: A Scoping Review of Clinical-Pathological Characteristics, Molecular Subtypes, and Survival.},
journal = {World journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/wjs.70096},
pmid = {41023513},
issn = {1432-2323},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer in Latin America (LATAM) exhibits distinct clinical-pathological and molecular features, shaped by genetic diversity and healthcare disparities. This scoping review evaluates these characteristics, focusing on histopathological, molecular subtype, and survival patterns and their implications for future research and public health initiatives.

METHODS: A systematic search across MEDLINE (via PubMed), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and Web of Science identified 54 studies across 19 Latin American countries. Data were extracted on histological grading, molecular subtypes, staging, and survival outcomes. Findings were analyzed in the context of regional and global trends.

RESULTS: Fifty-four studies involving 49,223 women from 19 countries were analyzed. The mean age at diagnosis was 54.3 years. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common (79.2%). Advanced-stage disease (Stages III/IV) was identified in 36.1% of cases. Luminal subtypes were most prevalent (Luminal A: 36.95% and Luminal B: 28.72%), whereas triple-negative (TNBC) and HER2-enriched subtypes accounted for 17.45% and 12.69%, respectively. Subtype prevalence varied by country, age, and tumor grade. Five-year survival rates ranged from 50.5% to 92.5%, with worse outcomes linked to advanced stage, high grade, and TNBC or HER2-enriched tumors.

CONCLUSION: Breast cancer in LATAM is characterized by significant heterogeneity in biological subtypes and clinical presentation, often diagnosed at advanced stages, with limited capacity for molecular testing. These findings highlight the urgent need for standardized diagnostic protocols, equitable access to treatment, and region-specific cancer control strategies to improve outcomes for Latin American women.},
}

@article {pmid41021136,
year = {2025},
author = {Larionesi, E and Pilet, ON and Sotiriou, C},
title = {Case report: metachronous male metastatic breast and colon cancer in a BRCA2 mutation carrier.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1751},
doi = {10.1007/s12672-025-03555-3},
pmid = {41021136},
issn = {2730-6011},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare and typically diagnosed at later stages, often in older men. Pathogenic BRCA2 mutations are implicated in a significant proportion of MBC cases and may confer increased risk for other cancers.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 66-year-old male presented with right upper limb edema and back soreness. Imaging and biopsy confirmed stage IV invasive ductal carcinoma, Luminal B HER2-negative. Genetic testing revealed a germline BRCA2 mutation. During routine imaging, a second primary colon cancer was discovered and resected.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: MBC represents less than 1% of all male cancers and is frequently associated with delayed diagnosis. BRCA2 mutations significantly increase the risk for male breast and gastrointestinal cancers. This patient underwent endocrine and CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy and followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for the colon carcinoma. Disease remained stable on follow-up.

CONCLUSION: This case highlights the importance of genetic testing, vigilance for second primary malignancies in BRCA2 carriers, and the value of multidisciplinary care for MBC patients. The co-occurrence of these malignancies in a male BRCA2 carrier is rare and underscores the need for broader surveillance in such patients.},
}

@article {pmid41018463,
year = {2025},
author = {Douligeris, CC and Boptsi, E and Theocharopoulos, C and Foteinou, D and Batis, A and Lampropoulos, P and Manolakos, O},
title = {A Rare Cause of Intestinal Obstruction: Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma Metastasizing to the Ileocecal Valve.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {e90985},
pmid = {41018463},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has a higher propensity for gastrointestinal metastases compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We present the case of a 65-year-old woman with metastatic ILC who developed intestinal obstruction due to ileocecal metastases 30 months after undergoing total mastectomy and adjuvant therapy for left-sided breast cancer (BC). Abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a transition point at the ileocecal valve. Surgical resection was performed to relieve the small bowel obstruction, and histopathology confirmed metastatic ILC with receptor discordance compared to the primary tumor. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of intestinal metastases from BC, including receptor conversion and resistance to therapy. Molecular profiling and tailored treatment are crucial for optimal management of complex metastatic disease.},
}

@article {pmid41018083,
year = {2025},
author = {Sołek, J and Zielińska, A and Kordek, R and Romańska, H and Braun, M},
title = {FGFR2 expression relates to subtype-specific tumour microenvironment (TIME) during luminal breast cancer evolution.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1655438},
pmid = {41018083},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is an oncogenic driver in luminal breast cancer (BCa), with emerging evidence linking it to tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) modulation. While FGFR2's role in endocrine resistance is established, its potential involvement in shaping immune infiltration-particularly in the transition from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)-remains underexplored.

METHODS: This retrospective study analysed 99 BCa specimens collected between 2004-2019. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess FGFR2 expression and immune markers (CD8, CD68, CD163, FOXP3). Clinical and pathological variables were evaluated, and immune cell densities were compared across disease stages and BCa subtypes (luminal vs. non-luminal). Correlations between FGFR2 expression and immune markers were assessed using non-parametric statistical tests.

RESULTS: Progression from DCIS to IDC was associated with increased infiltration by CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages. FGFR2 expression showed differences between DCIS and IDC with an extensive DCIS component and was positively correlated with CD8+, CD163+, and FOXP3+ cell densities. The latter associations were exclusive to luminal A tumours, with no such correlations observed in non-luminal subtypes.

CONCLUSIONS: FGFR2 expression in luminal A BCa correlates with markers of immunosuppressive TIME, particularly CD163+ macrophages and FOXP3+ T cells. These subtype-specific interactions suggest a synergistic role of FGFR2 and estrogen receptor signalling in immune evasion and tumour progression, warranting further mechanistic and therapeutic investigation. However, the small number of cases in certain subgroups, particularly DCIS and non-luminal tumours, limits the generalizability of these findings and warrants cautious interpretation.},
}

@article {pmid41006264,
year = {2025},
author = {De Crem, AS and Tummers, P and Depypere, H and Braems, G and Salihi, R and Vergauwen, G and Cisternino, G and Van de Vijver, K and De Visschere, P and De Man, K and Van den Broeck, B and Hendrickx, S and Veldeman, L and Monten, C and Debacker, JM and Denys, H and Göker, M},
title = {Breast cancer Intraoperative Margin Assessment using specimen PET-CT (BIMAP).},
journal = {NPJ breast cancer},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {101},
pmid = {41006264},
issn = {2374-4677},
support = {HPC.2017.0515//Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie, Belgium (IM-IWT)/ ; },
abstract = {Positive surgical margins in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for breast cancer occur in 20% of cases, making intraoperative margin assessment (IMA) crucial to avoid re-operations. This study evaluated specimen PET-CT imaging for IMA in 41 patients undergoing BCS. Specimen PET-CT imaging was performed with the ß-CUBE/X-CUBE (MOLECUBES) or the AURA 10 (XEOS). Seven physicians, with varying experience, assessed margin status postoperatively as positive, close (≤1 mm), or negative using PET-CT images at 10 min acquisition time and low reconstructed [[18]F]FDG dose (0.8MBq/kg). Close margins on PET-CT were analyzed once as positive and once as negative. Histopathology was the gold standard. The proposed technique showed 91% sensitivity and 86% specificity for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Histopathology identified 9 positive margins in 31 IDC cases; 88% were detected by all physicians on specimen PET-CT whereas standard of care identified 44%. Therefore, specimen PET-CT will improve IMA in BCS and potentially reduce re-operation rates. The trial is registered since 20/01/2020 on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04343079) with the title: "Intra-operative PET-CT: a Novel Approach to Determine Excision Margins in Lumpectomy Breast Cancer".},
}

@article {pmid41005725,
year = {2025},
author = {Sulaj, A and Nguyen, PBH and Poschet, G and Kliemank, E and Fleming, T and Henke, L and Neibig, W and Kopf, S and Hell, R and Longo, VD and Herzig, S and Nawroth, PP and Menden, MP and Szendroedi, J},
title = {Periodic fasting induced reconstitution of metabolic flexibility improves albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes.},
journal = {Molecular metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102257},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmet.2025.102257},
pmid = {41005725},
issn = {2212-8778},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Metabolic inflexibility has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, data are lacking, proving that reconstitution of metabolic flexibility by using a 6-month periodic fasting (PF) regimen may improve albuminuria.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this post hoc analysis of a randomized-controlled trial, we investigated whether the PF regimen enhanced metabolic flexibility in individuals with T2D and DN showing improvement of albuminuria (responders) compared to non-responders. Participants followed every month either a 5-day fasting-mimicking diet or a Mediterranean diet for 6 months. LC-MS/MS-based comprehensive metabolic profiling was performed in plasma samples before, during, and after the intervention. Changes in metabolomic patterns and enriched signalling pathways were analysed between study groups.

RESULTS: PF induced a sustained shift toward enhanced fatty acid oxidation, lipid utilization, and amino acids turnover, particularly in responders. Responders exhibited persistent elevations in short-chain acylcarnitines and cholesteryl esters, indicating more efficient lipid oxidation and tighter integration of lipid metabolism with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Increased glycine and serine levels suggested enhanced cellular maintenance, a protein-sparing effect, and a metabolic shift favouring lipid over carbohydrate. In contrast, non-responders demonstrated only transient and limited metabolic shifts. Unsupervised clustering identified distinct metabolic response patterns, reinforcing the potential of personalized dietary interventions.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that diet-induced restoration of metabolic flexibility is associated with improved albuminuria in T2D, suggesting broader implications for precise nutritional strategies in diabetes management.},
}

@article {pmid40999310,
year = {2025},
author = {Fedko, VA and Artamonova, EV and Stroganova, AM and Mileyko, VA and Lisitsa, TS and Novikov, AK and Kovalenko, EI},
title = {Clinical and Morphological Features of gPALB2-Associated Breast Cancer in the Russian Population.},
journal = {Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40999310},
issn = {1573-8221},
abstract = {The analysis included 3,800 cases of breast cancer. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes revealed mutations in the gPALB2 gene in 39 (1.03%) patients. The most frequent mutations were c.509_510del (25.64%), c.1592del (20.51%), and c.172_175del (10.26%). The predominant histological variant was invasive ductal carcinoma (84.62%) with moderate differentiation (G2) (48.72%). In most cases, luminal HER2[-] subtype (69.23%) was revealed, HER2[+] and triple-negative were less frequent (12.82 and 17.95%, respectively). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 9 patients; a clinical response observed in 100% of cases. RCB-0 (pCR) was noted in 33.3%; RCB-I in 11.1%, RCB-II in 44.4%, and RCB-III in 11.1% of observations. All recorded cases of contralateral breast cancer (10.26%) were metachronous and presented as estrogen receptor-positive HER2[-] tumors.},
}

@article {pmid40997111,
year = {2025},
author = {Benmussa, C and Sanfeliu, E and Martínez-Romero, A and González-Farré, B and Pascual, T and Gavilá, J and Levy-Jurgenson, A and Shamir, A and Brasó-Maristany, F and Prat, A and Yakhini, Z},
title = {Latent representation of H&E images retains biological information in a breast cancer cohort.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {9},
pages = {e0329221},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0329221},
pmid = {40997111},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Machine Learning ; Cohort Studies ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism ; Hematoxylin ; },
abstract = {Imaging technologies and staining based pathology are important components of common practice cancer care. Specifically, H&E imaging is standard for almost all cancer patients. Traditionally, H&E images can serve, when used by experienced trained pathologists, to infer important biological properties of the samples. Recent work demonstrated that machine learning and machine vision analysis of H&E images can further expand the scope of the inference. However, H&E images are high-resolution, making them difficult to analyze and possibly noisy. In this work, we propose an autoencoder-based pipeline that greatly reduces the dimension of the data representation while maintaining valuable properties. In particular, we investigate how different latent space dimensions affect bulk label predictions from H&E. We use autoencoders applied to image tiles as a tool in this investigation and also examine other information that may be inferred from image tiles. For example, we show classification results for tiles, such as Luminal A versus Luminal B, with an F1 score larger than 0.85. We also show that Ki67 levels can be inferred from H&E tiles, as shown before on other cohorts, and that inference is still possible when working with lower dimensional latent representations. The two main contributions of this paper are as follows. First, demonstrating that the use of image tiles can be informative, both at the global classification level, and, more importantly, to support the assessment of heterogeneity. Second, reasonably accurate inference can be performed with lower dimensional latent representations of the H&E images.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Female
Machine Learning
Cohort Studies
*Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
Hematoxylin

@article {pmid40995394,
year = {2025},
author = {Satomi, H and Ryu, A and Murayama, S and Morimoto, Y and Kubo, C and Nagata, S and Tanada, S and Honma, K},
title = {Radiation-Associated Breast Angiosarcoma Versus Recurrent Invasive Ductal Carcinoma After Partial Mastectomy: A Diagnostic Dilemma.},
journal = {Clinical case reports},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {e70967},
pmid = {40995394},
issn = {2050-0904},
abstract = {Postradiation angiosarcoma (PRAS) of the breast occurs after irradiation. It is categorized separately from primary angiosarcoma (PAS) in the 2019 World Health Organization classification of tumors. PRAS diagnosis is challenging owing to its occurrence in circumstances similar to breast cancer recurrence, thus complicating cytomorphological analysis. In Japan, breast-conserving therapy is prevalent, with postoperative radiation therapy often employed to mitigate recurrence risk. Given that the number of PRAS cases is anticipated to increase, further research and understanding of this tumor are imperative. Although cytomorphological studies have provided some insights into PAS, similar comprehensive data for PRAS are lacking. In this case study, we report a case of a female in her 50s with a mass detected 8 years postradiotherapy for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) initially suggested IDC recurrence; however, histological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed PRAS. This case highlights the challenge of distinguishing PRAS from IDC owing to overlapping cytomorphological features. Notably, the absence of benign components and distinctive endothelial wrapping observed on FNAC and imprinting cytology were crucial for accurate diagnosis. These findings highlight key cytomorphological features for PRAS differentiation: high-grade tumor features with monotonous appearance and abundant stromal component, which are essential given its poor response to conventional treatments and increasing incidence owing to standard breast-conserving therapies. Furthermore, recognizing PRAS as a differential diagnosis for neoplasms emerging postradiotherapy is crucial.},
}

@article {pmid40994479,
year = {2025},
author = {Altowairki, RS and Abubaker Mohammed, M and Aljalsi, MI},
title = {Thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with pecs 2 block for modified radical mastectomy: A safe and effective alternative to general anesthesia in high-risk patients.},
journal = {Saudi journal of anaesthesia},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {646-648},
pmid = {40994479},
issn = {1658-354X},
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among Saudi women, with Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) as a standard treatment, typically performed under general anesthesia (GA). However, GA poses significant risks to patients with multiple comorbidities. We present a 66-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma, complicated by scleroderma with interstitial lung disease, chemotherapy-induced heart failure, and hypertension, making GA a high-risk option. To optimize perioperative safety, thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) combined with a pectoralis nerve block (PECS2) was used instead. This approach provided effective surgical anesthesia, hemodynamic stability, and minimized opioid use. The patient tolerated the procedure well, with intraoperative hypotension managed by vasopressor support. She resumed oral intake within 6 hours, required minimal postoperative opioids, and was discharged on the third postoperative day without complications. This case highlights the feasibility and advantages of TEA with PECS2 block as a safe and effective alternative to GA in high-risk MRM patients. By reducing GA-related pulmonary and cardiac risks, improving postoperative pain control, and shortening hospital stays, this technique may enhance perioperative outcomes in select patients. Further studies are warranted to support the wider adoption of regional anesthesia in oncologic breast surgeries.},
}

@article {pmid40993962,
year = {2025},
author = {Aptaker Ben-Dori, S and Atzaba-Poria, N and Frenkel, TI},
title = {Individual differences in infants' expectations and preferences for responsive vs. unresponsive parent-puppets and their associations with early maternal behavior.},
journal = {Attachment & human development},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-25},
doi = {10.1080/14616734.2025.2562511},
pmid = {40993962},
issn = {1469-2988},
abstract = {Infants' mental representations of attachment are thought to develop across the first year. Due to methodological challenges, empirical attempts to assess these representations are scarce. The study presents a preliminary attempt to validate a measure of infants' attachment representations. Seventy-two mother-infant dyads (34 girls) were assessed. At 4-months, 60 dyads were observed during free-play interactions. At 10-months, 72 infants viewed a puppet-show depicting a responsive vs. an unresponsive parent-puppet. Looking-time patterns indexed infants' expectations, and puppet choice indexed infants' preference for parent-puppets' responsiveness. Infants generally expected (d = 0.42) and preferred (66%) parent-puppet-responsiveness. Moreover, maternal "responsive secure-base" behavior at 4-months was associated with infants' expectations (r = .29, p = .025) and preference (d = 0.6) for responsiveness at 10-months. Findings support theoretical concepts, providing preliminary evidence for infants' preverbal attachment representations and their roots in early social experience with their attachment figures. Future research using larger samples and standard attachment assessments is needed to validate this measure.},
}

@article {pmid40993701,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheng, X and Zeng, W and Yin, B and Gui, J and Zhang, H and Lv, Z and Zhang, S and Zhou, Y},
title = {Spatiotemporal microenvironment landscape and malignant epithelial pattern transition in breast ductal carcinoma progression.},
journal = {Journal of translational medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {996},
pmid = {40993701},
issn = {1479-5876},
support = {Grant nos. 2020-133-11, 2020-133-16//Science and Technology Bureau of Nanchang Municipality/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Owing to the complexity of TME components and the heterogeneity of cancer cells, the relationship between the niches of TME and prognosis in breast ductal carcinoma remains unknown. The staged characteristics of corresponding cancer cell behaviors are unclear. Our study aims to reveal spatial structures and specific cellular information of TME and cancer cells subgroups during the progression from DCIS to IDC and lymph node metastasis.

METHODS: Single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, bulk RNA sequencing datasets were used to explore the changes in microenvironmental components and transcriptional programs of tumor cells during the progression of breast ductal carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry, multiplex immunofluorescence, flow cytometry cell cycle detection, invasion migration experiments, and WB imprinting were employed for validation.

RESULTS: Analysis of TME cell type subsets revealed the accumulation of TEX, iTreg, and stress-phenotype TAM in the mammary gland in situ during the invasion process. Lymphatic metastases exhibited enrichment of nTregs and a more naïve-like CD8 T cell population. Spatial analysis and survival analysis showed that the spatial niches of CD4 TN and phagocytic-phenotype macrophages were associated with a favorable prognosis, and these niches were lost during disease progression. The proliferative subpopulation of breast ductal carcinoma was enriched in lymphatic metastatic tissues, expressing high levels of FAM111B and exhibiting intense TCA and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Silencing FAM111B led to cell cycle arrest, decreased invasion and migration abilities, and downregulation of core mediator genes for cuproptosis and disulfidptosis.

CONCLUSIONS: The stage-specific microenvironmental characteristics of breast ductal carcinoma correspond to some extent to the behavior of tumor cells. During the progression of ductal carcinoma in breast tissue, the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment occurs. The microenvironmental spectrum at lymph node metastases differs somewhat, corresponding to a more enriched turnover of cancer cell proliferation and death. Inhibitors of FAM111B and inducers of cuproptosis and disulfidptosis may serve as potential therapeutic targets for proliferative subgroups.},
}

@article {pmid40990786,
year = {2025},
author = {Tabassum, S and Saeed, U and Tahir, R and Khalid, Z and Piracha, ZZ and Uppal, R and Khan, AA and Ozsahin, DU and Waheed, Y and Ngozi, AJI and Ashraf, M},
title = {Estimating high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) single nucleotide polymorphisms among hepatitis B virus infected patients of Pakistan origin.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {85},
number = {},
pages = {e284560},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.284560},
pmid = {40990786},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {Humans ; Pakistan ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; *HMGB1 Protein/genetics ; Male ; Female ; Genotype ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Hepatitis B/genetics ; Young Adult ; Gene Frequency ; *Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics ; },
abstract = {HMGB1 is nuclear non-histone protein and unique member of cytokines. In viral hepatitis infection HMGB1 serum level increases and translocates towards cytoplasm and extracellular spaces where it activates single stimulating hepatic stellate cell proliferation which induces fibrogenic protein expression and causes hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, total 150 subjects were recruited to assess the association between HMGB1 SNPs and HBV. Three types of genotypes were found visible in rs3742305 of HMGB1; wild type homozygous GG with 65%, homozygous minor type CC with 6% and heterozygous minor type GC with 26% frequency distribution. High prevalence of GG genotype in the selected population presenting that GG genotype may have higher risk for susceptibility to HBV infection. Our results showed significant correlation of HMGB1 polymorphism with HBV infection in the selected Pakistani population.},
}

Humans
Pakistan
*Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
*HMGB1 Protein/genetics
Male
Female
Genotype
Adult
Middle Aged
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
*Hepatitis B/genetics
Young Adult
Gene Frequency
*Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics

@article {pmid40990784,
year = {2025},
author = {Uppal, R and Saeed, U and Tahir, R and Uppal, MR and Khan, AA and Rahman, C and Uppal, MS and Ozsahin, DU and Gilani, SS and Waheed, Y and Piracha, ZZ},
title = {Lymphopenia as a diagnostic biomarker in clinical COVID-19: insights from a comprehensive study on SARS-CoV-2 variants.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {85},
number = {},
pages = {e284362},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.284362},
pmid = {40990784},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/blood/complications ; *Lymphopenia/virology/blood/diagnosis ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Male ; Female ; Biomarkers/blood ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Lymphocyte Count ; },
abstract = {The enduring SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitates robust tools for severity assessment. This study, conducted at Islamabad Diagnostic Center across Pakistan from January 2021 to August 2022, aimed to investigate hematological abnormalities among suspected SARS-CoV-2 subjects. Initial enrollment included 130,347 cases, with 53,078 confirmed positive and 77,269 negative. An additional 11,786 samples expanded the dataset to 142,133. The Omicron and Centaurus variants, in confirmed positive patients, exhibited a slightly higher frequency of hematological abnormalities (30.42%) than negative participants (27.01%). Notably, lymphocyte count reduction (40.95%) suggested its potential as an alternative diagnostic parameter for clinical COVID-19. Decreased levels of NA (37.99%), HGB (26.17%), MCV (20.60%), PLT (6.15%), and ALB (2.28%) were observed. Abnormally elevated NEU, CR, MONO, RBCs, WBC, and EOS levels affected 26.00%, 24.28%, 30.79%, 22.02%, 6.28%, and 5.53% of subjects, respectively. Comparatively, positive patients exhibited higher abnormal blood parameters-LYMP count (57.40%), NEU count (46.08%), EOS count (62.48%), MONO count (31.61%), RBC count (30.32%), ALC count (43.60%), CR count (30.91%), NA count (40.53%), CRP count (68.46%), and DD (63.08%) than negative counterparts. The study underscores lymphocytopenia's potential as a cost-effective, early diagnostic biomarker for clinical COVID-19, preceding real-time PCR diagnosis. This supports its consideration in resource-limited settings for strategic screening and policy-making in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 battle.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/blood/complications
*Lymphopenia/virology/blood/diagnosis
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Male
Female
Biomarkers/blood
Adult
Middle Aged
Pakistan/epidemiology
Young Adult
Aged
Adolescent
Lymphocyte Count

@article {pmid40990674,
year = {2025},
author = {Vera-Tizatl, CE and Vera-Hernández, A and Leija-Salas, L and Vega-López, MA and Ramírez-Estudillo, MDC and Fariña, GIG and Vera-Tizatl, AL},
title = {The Vietnamese swine as a translational model of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Animal models and experimental medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ame2.70074},
pmid = {40990674},
issn = {2576-2095},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Vietnamese swine represents a promising animal model due to its anatomical, physiological, and pathophysiological similarities to humans. Notably, the arrangement of lobes and ducts in the mammary glands is highly comparable to that of humans and is histologically indistinguishable. Leveraging these advantages through the chemical induction of carcinogenesis in this model offers a robust approach to mimic human exposure to carcinogenic compounds.

METHODS: This study elaborates on a protocol for developing a representative model of MNU-induced invasive breast carcinoma in three Vietnamese swine, validated histologically and immunologically. It evaluates not only the tissue similarity with humans, but also the development of chemically induced mammary tumors in an immunologically competent animal. Moreover, this study addresses the existing gap in histological knowledge regarding mammary tissue in the porcine model.

RESULTS: Our findings suggest that this model encompasses the full spectrum of cancer. It incorporates the key elements of a tumor microenvironment that enable tumor growth and propagation, such as immune cells, blood vessels, fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, fatty acids, and signaling molecules.

CONCLUSIONS: This model offers significant potential to advance the understanding of cancer pathogenesis and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic strategies by closely replicating human tumor biology.},
}

@article {pmid40985344,
year = {2025},
author = {Hausmann, O and Schobert, PP and Ose, J and Himbert, C and Pletneva, M and Jedrzkiewicz, J and Nguyen, A and Lin, T and Warby, CA and Hardikar, S and Peoples, AR and Strehli, I and Huang, LC and Cohan, JN and Pickron, B and Scaife, C and Li, CI and Grady, WM and Shibata, D and Toriola, AT and Schneider, M and Figueiredo, JC and Siegel, EM and Gigic, B and Herzig, S and Ilozumba, MN and Ulrich, CM},
title = {Associations of Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Cell-to-Cell Adhesion With Tumor Budding Among Early-Onset and Later-Onset Colorectal Cancer Patients.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {e71267},
doi = {10.1002/cam4.71267},
pmid = {40985344},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {//Stiftung LebensBlicke/ ; P30CA042014/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; K07222060/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA189184/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA207371/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA254108/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R03CA270473/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; U01CA206110/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Male ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology/blood ; Middle Aged ; Cell Adhesion ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic/blood/pathology ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Aged ; *Inflammation/blood ; Age of Onset ; Neoplasm Staging ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood ; Prognosis ; Angiogenesis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High tumor budding and elevated systemic inflammation are adverse prognostic indicators in colorectal cancer. Its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. It is unclear whether systemic inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell-to-cell adhesion influence tumor budding.

METHODS: We investigated n = 132 stage I-III colorectal cancer patients recruited at Huntsman Cancer Institute enrolled in the ColoCare Study. Tumor budding was evaluated using an evidence-based scoring system, and patient sera were analyzed for nine circulating biomarkers using the Meso Scale Discovery platform. We examined associations between biomarkers and tumor budding using multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, neoadjuvant treatment, stage, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use.

RESULTS: The study population was predominantly non-Hispanic White (95%), with a mean age of 61 years; 56% were male. Most tumors were stage III (47%), located in the colon (64%), and exhibited low-grade tumor budding (58%). Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 was inversely associated with tumor budding overall (M1: β = -0.57, p = 0.03), among females (M1: β = -0.81, p-value = 0.03) and later-onset (≥ 50 years) colorectal cancer (M1: β = -0.71, p-value = 0.008). C-reactive protein was positively associated with tumor budding in males (M1: β = 0.23, p = 0.001), while interleukin-8 (M1: β = 0.96, p-value = 0.01) and soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1 (M2: β = 1.48, p-value = 0.04) were positively associated with tumor budding in early-onset patients. However, these associations did not remain statistically significant after correction for multiple testing.

CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings do not provide evidence of a significant association between biomarkers of systemic inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell-to-cell adhesion with tumor budding count. We observed patterns for some biomarkers, yet none remained statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. These findings provide preliminary insights for future studies.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02328677.},
}

Humans
Female
Male
*Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology/blood
Middle Aged
Cell Adhesion
*Neovascularization, Pathologic/blood/pathology
*Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
Aged
*Inflammation/blood
Age of Onset
Neoplasm Staging
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/blood
Prognosis
Angiogenesis

@article {pmid40984893,
year = {2025},
author = {Imran, M and Majeed, MA and Bin Naeem, S and Jamil, MA and Shahzad, M and Akhtar, F and Karim, A and Ahmad, A and Bano, S and Aqib, B and Abdullah Javaid Bukhari, S},
title = {Treatment Outcomes of HER2-Directed Therapy in Patients With HER2-Positive Non-metastatic Breast Cancer in Low-Resource Settings.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {e90634},
pmid = {40984893},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Introduction This study aimed to evaluate treatment outcomes of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed therapies in patients with non-metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer treated in a low-resource setting. Specifically, we assessed the impact of dual blockade (trastuzumab and pertuzumab), trastuzumab alone, or no HER2-targeted therapy on rates of residual disease, pathological complete response (pCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, including 299 patients with non-metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and either dual HER2 blockade, trastuzumab alone, or no HER2-targeted therapy due to financial constraints. Patient demographics, clinical features, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results The median age at diagnosis was 45.7 years (standard deviation±8.9). A majority of patients were premenopausal (n=222; 74.2%), and the majority presented with a palpable lump (n=275; 91.9%). Tumors were mainly located in the left (n=149; 49.8%) or right breast (n=147; 49.2%), with bilateral involvement in 3 (1.0%) cases. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant histology (n=275; 91.9%), with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positivity observed in 185 (61.9%) and 179 (59.9%) patients, respectively. Grade III tumors were observed in 156 (52.2%) cases, and most tumors were T2 stage (n=236; 78.9%) with axillary nodal involvement in 232 (77.6%). Patients receiving dual HER2 blockade achieved a pCR in 45 (54.9%) of 82 cases, compared to 51 (45.9%) of 111 with trastuzumab alone, and 39 (36.8%) of 106 with no HER2 therapy (p=0.046). The docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab, and pertuzumab (TCHP) regimen had the highest pCR rate in 19 (65.5%) of 29 patients (p<0.001). Grade III tumors were associated with higher pCR than Grade II (n=96; 56.5% vs. n=39; 30.2%; p<0.001). At 60 months, PFS was 236 (79.0%) overall, highest in the dual blockade group (n=73; 89.0%), followed by trastuzumab (n=96; 86.5%) and no HER2 therapy (n=69; 65.1%). OS at 60 months was 271 (90.6%), highest in the dual blockade group (n=78; 95.1%), then trastuzumab (n=102; 91.9%) and no HER2 therapy (n=79; 74.5%). Achieving pCR was associated with improved PFS and OS. Differences in both outcomes across groups were statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion Dual HER2 blockade significantly improved pCR, PFS, and OS in non-metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. These findings support the inclusion of HER2-targeted agents in standard neoadjuvant treatment, even in resource-limited settings. Addressing barriers to access remains essential to improving global outcomes in breast cancer care.},
}