@article {pmid42288681,
year = {2026},
author = {Heiranizadeh, N and Mohammad-Rezaei, M and Noroozbeygi, M and Armaki, SA and Aziminezhadan, P and Fard, SR and Amiri, BS and Nafissi, N and Safari, E and Kadivar, M},
title = {Collagen gene expression profiles predict recurrence and progression of DCIS to IDC.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-57339-y},
pmid = {42288681},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive precursor to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and understanding the molecular mechanisms driving this transition is critical. This study explores the role of collagen genes (COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A2) in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and tumor progression. Pathology samples were collected from patients at Rasoul Akram, Asia, and Khatam Al-Anbia Hospitals (2013-2023), including 42 cases (recurrent DCIS and IDC) and 32 controls (primary DCIS without recurrence). RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and analyzed via real-time PCR to assess collagen gene expression. Statistical analyses, including ROC curve analysis, were performed to evaluate the predictive performance of collagen gene expression. Results revealed significant upregulation of COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, and COL5A2 in the case group, with fold increases of 9.71, 5.38, 3.16, and 4.63, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Overexpression was most pronounced in ER-negative, PR-negative, and high Ki67 subtypes, indicating a link to aggressive tumor behavior. ROC analysis demonstrated the potential predictive utility of collagen gene expression profiles, with AUC values ranging from 0.765 to 0.859. These findings underscore the role of collagen genes in breast cancer progression, highlighting their potential as predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets.},
}

@article {pmid42299284,
year = {2026},
author = {Mao, J and Song, J and Liu, Y and Yang, S and Li, N and Yin, Y and Liu, K and Li, M and Wang, S and Zhao, Y and Yu, Z},
title = {Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging-derived three-dimensional tumor volume improves prognostic stratification in breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {Gland surgery},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {138},
pmid = {42299284},
issn = {2227-684X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer prognosis and treatment planning largely depend on the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system, with T category mainly based on maximum tumor diameter (TD). Irregular three-dimensional (3D) growth of most breast tumors means that a single linear measurement cannot fully reflect tumor burden. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) allows tumor volume (TV) assessment, yet its incremental prognostic value remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare MRI-derived TV and conventional TD-based T staging for prognostic stratification of breast cancer.

METHODS: This single-center retrospective cohort study included 574 consecutive women with non-metastatic invasive breast cancer who underwent surgery at The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2016 and June 2019. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma, preoperative 3.0-T breast MRI suitable for three-dimensional volumetric analysis, complete clinicopathological and follow-up data, no neoadjuvant therapy, and standardized treatment according to contemporaneous clinical practice guidelines. TV was measured using semi-automatic segmentation in 3D Slicer (version 5.5.0). Follow-up commenced at surgery and was conducted through outpatient visits, telephone interviews, and electronic medical record review until September 30, 2024. Disease-free survival (DFS) was defined as the interval from surgery to the first occurrence of local, regional, or distant recurrence, disease progression, or death from any cause; overall survival (OS) was defined as the interval from surgery to death from any cause. Cox regression and concordance index (C-index) analyses with 1,000 bootstrap resampling iterations were performed.

RESULTS: In the overall cohort, TV was strongly correlated with TD (r=0.781, 95% CI: 0.734-0.820, P<0.001), but this correlation weakened markedly when TD was >2.5 cm (r=0.341, 95% CI: 0.141-0.494, P<0.001). In multivariable Cox regression for DFS, compared with V1 (TV ≤2 cm[3]), V2 (>2-5 cm[3]) and V3 (>5 cm[3]) were independently associated with poorer DFS, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.721 (95% CI: 1.181-6.271, P=0.02) and 6.069 (95% CI: 2.640-13.950, P<0.001), respectively. In the TD-based model, compared with T1, the HRs were 2.227 (95% CI: 1.185-4.187, P=0.01) for T2 and 4.691 (95% CI: 1.424-15.457, P=0.01) for T3. The TV-based model had a C-index of 0.744, compared with 0.702 for the TD-based model; the corresponding bootstrap-corrected values were 0.749 (95% CI: 0.674-0.818) and 0.704 (95% CI: 0.619-0.795), respectively. In subgroup analyses, the TV-based model also showed higher discrimination in lymph node-positive disease (0.778 vs. 0.752, P=0.02), HER2- tumors (0.717 vs. 0.683, P=0.02), and Ki-67-high tumors (0.715 vs. 0.680, P=0.03).

CONCLUSIONS: MRI-derived three-dimensional TV may complement conventional diameter-based staging by providing additional prognostic information in non-metastatic breast cancer. TV-based models showed higher discrimination in this cohort, particularly in selected biologically aggressive subgroups, although further prospective multicenter validation is warranted.},
}

@article {pmid41910853,
year = {2026},
author = {Shrivastava, S and Szewczyk, C and Grelewicz, Z and Schelt, JV and Crowley, RW and Munich, S and Turian, J and Muñoz, L and Tatebe, K},
title = {Cesium-131 brachytherapy for central nervous system salvage therapy.},
journal = {Journal of neuro-oncology},
volume = {177},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {41910853},
issn = {1573-7373},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Salvage therapy for metastatic central nervous system (CNS) lesions remains challenging. Repeat stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is sometimes feasible, but subject to high radionecrosis rates. Cesium-131 (Cs-131) brachytherapy seeds packaged inside “tiles” of collagen spacer material may offer an alternative approach. We report a single institution’s experience with this modality. METHODS: Patients with metastatic lesions salvaged with Cs-131 brachytherapy were reviewed. Analyses included treatment characteristics and Kaplan–Meier estimates of overall survival (OS) and local control, while primary tumor outcomes were summarized descriptively. RESULTS: Sixteen patients with metastatic lesions (19 post-operative resection cavities, 17 cases) were reviewed. The most common primary histologies were non-small cell lung cancer (8 cavities, 42.1%) and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (3 cavities, 15.8%). One year OS was 70.8%. During follow-up, local failure occurred in 2 of 19 cavities (10.5%). Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 15 cavities (78.9%). All demonstrated local control at a median follow-up of 12 months (full range, 2–39 months). Subtotal or near-total resection (STR/NTR) was achieved in 4 cavities (21.1%). Follow-up data were available for 2 of these cavities (both NTR), and both experienced local failure at 5.3 months. Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurred in 2 patients (12.5%). Radionecrosis within the resection cavity was observed in 3 patients (18.8%) with symptomatic grade ≥ 2 radionecrosis occurring in 1 patient (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Salvage therapy with Cs-131 brachytherapy offers effective local control and an acceptable safety profile. Its utility may be greatest following GTR.},
}

@article {pmid41934598,
year = {2026},
author = {Ghilli, M and Mariniello, MD and Lisa, AVE and Montrone, S and Leonardi, MC and Mazzotta, D and Bottoni, M and Colizzi, L and Intra, M and Tamplenizza, M and Gerges, I and Diaz, I and Acea, B and Rietjens, M and Roncella, M},
title = {Safety of the use of an absorbable implant in breast-conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy: preplanned interim results from a prospective study.},
journal = {Updates in surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41934598},
issn = {2038-3312},
support = {812002//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; },
abstract = {Oncoplastic techniques aim to optimize cosmetic and oncologic results after BCS. Absorbable scaffolds may aid volume replacement while preserving radiotherapy (RT) planning and follow-up imaging, though clinical evidence remains limited. This interim analysis of a prospective, multicenter, single-arm trial (Tens-BBC/003/2021; NCT05941299) included 25 patients with 6 month follow-up after BCS and whole-breast RT. Outcomes were adverse events (AEs), device usability, pain (VAS), satisfaction, quality of life (BREAST-Q©), cosmetic and imaging results, and RT tolerance. Mean age was 53.6 years, BMI 24.8 kg/m2. Tumors were mainly in the upper-outer quadrant (52%); T1c in 56%, T1b in 20%, T2 in 24%. Histology was invasive ductal carcinoma in 72%, nodal status cN0 in 96%. Mean surgery time was 74.7 min; drains were used in 76%. REGENERA™ type A (70 mL) was implanted in 84%, type B (100 mL) in 16%. No major complications occurred. Of 94 AEs within 90 days, all were mild/moderate and unrelated to the device; four later AEs (in one patient) were possibly implant-related. Investigator satisfaction (VAS) improved from 8.4 at implantation to 9.2 at 6 months; usability targets were exceeded. Pain decreased from 2.3 to 1.56. BREAST-Q© showed higher breast satisfaction (+ 8.9, p = 0.041), reduced distress (–10.3, p = 0.006), and a modest decline in physical well-being (–11.6, p = 0.012). All patients completed RT; acute toxicity occurred in 44%, all grade 1–2. Cosmetic outcomes were good to excellent in 88%. Radiological integration was satisfactory, with no significant interference in MRI. REGENERA™ is safe, feasible, and biocompatible for volume replacement in BCS. It provides high satisfaction and favorable cosmetic results without compromising RT or follow-up imaging. Early results support its integration into oncoplastic practice, though long-term evaluation is required.},
}

@article {pmid42283164,
year = {2026},
author = {Toyota, PR and Hounjet, CD and Liu, E and Scott, JD and Auer, RN and Yip, S and Persad, AR and Hnenny, L},
title = {Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis Involving Vestibular Schwannoma: Case Report and Literature Review.},
journal = {Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42283164},
issn = {1537-4505},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To present a case of tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving vestibular schwannoma and review previously reported cases, with focus on histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics.

PATIENTS: Case report of a 55-year-old female with a history of invasive ductal breast carcinoma who presented with unilateral hearing loss and gait disturbance.

INTERVENTIONS: MRI demonstrated a right-sided extra-axial cerebellopontine angle lesion. Patient underwent surgical resection with histopathologic and immunohistochemical profiling of the tumor.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A near-total resection was achieved. Microscopic analysis demonstrated vestibular schwannoma with nests of glandular elements. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed metastasis of her known invasive ductal carcinoma to vestibular schwannoma. Subsequent staging imaging showed advanced oncologic spread.

CONCLUSIONS: Including the present case, there have been 11 reports of tumor-to-tumor metastasis involving vestibular schwannoma. The risk of tumor-to-tumor metastasis should be considered in patients with concomitant systemic malignancy and vestibular schwannoma. Cell-cell adhesion mechanisms may facilitate the spread of breast cancer to vestibular schwannoma. Further reports may help to better understand vestibular schwannoma by analyzing its interaction with other oncologic entities.},
}

@article {pmid42277140,
year = {2026},
author = {Ezzat, A and Zhu, Z and Roddan, A and Silvanto, A and Hou, Y and Mandal, N and Xu, J and Zhang, Z and Zhou, M and Darzi, A and Dryden, S and Leff, DR and Thompson, AJ},
title = {Label-free classification of breast cancer subtypes in ex vivo human tissues using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-54071-5},
pmid = {42277140},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Breast conserving surgery (BCS) aims to excise breast tumors whilst preserving breast-related quality of life, but is complicated by the challenge of accurately identifying the margin between healthy and cancerous tissue. Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been shown to distinguish between normal breast tissue and breast cancer. Thus, this study aimed to further evaluate the diagnostic performance of RS in ex vivo breast tissue subtype classification via investigation of signals from healthy tissues and three breast cancer subtypes (invasive ductal carcinoma, IDC; invasive lobular carcinoma, ILC; and ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS). A total of 80 tissue samples (46 normal and 34 cancerous) from 71 individuals were measured using a confocal Raman microscope. Spectral signatures were investigated, and supervised classification was performed for both two-class (healthy vs. cancer) and four-class (healthy vs. IDC vs. ILC vs. DCIS) classification tasks. RS successfully differentiated cancerous from normal breast tissue (97.84% sensitivity, 97.18% specificity). For four-class classification, RS achieved in-class sensitivity ranging from 83 to 96% and specificity from 93 to 99%. These findings demonstrate that RS can accurately distinguish normal from cancerous tissue and capture clinically relevant differences among histological subtypes, including invasive and pre-invasive disease, supporting its promise for intraoperative tissue characterization during BCS.},
}

@article {pmid42278907,
year = {2026},
author = {Sertesen Çamöz, E and Bayrak, A and Karaçin, C and Törenek, Ş and Deliktaş Onur, İ and Önder, T and Ateş, Ö},
title = {Local Ablative Therapy in Breast Cancer Liver Metastases: Survival Outcomes and Prognostic Factors-A Single-Center Retrospective Study.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15114045},
pmid = {42278907},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background: Liver metastases from breast cancer (BCLM) are associated with poor prognosis and represent a significant clinical challenge in the era of modern systemic therapies. Local ablative therapies (LATs), including microwave ablation (MWA) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), have emerged as potentially beneficial locoregional approaches in selected patients. However, data on survival outcomes and prognostic determinants of LAT in BCLM remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the survival outcomes and prognostic factors of LAT in patients with breast cancer liver metastases at a tertiary care center. Methods: Patients with de novo or metachronous breast cancer liver metastases who underwent LAT (MWA and/or TACE) between 2013 and October 2023 at a single tertiary center were retrospectively analyzed. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS), defined as the time from LAT initiation to death from any cause, and progression-free survival (PFS), defined as the time from LAT initiation to the first radiographically confirmed progression. Treatment response was assessed per RECIST 1.1 criteria. Results: A total of 20 female patients were included. Median age at diagnosis was 42 years (IQR: 37-53). The majority had invasive ductal carcinoma (90%) and grade 3 disease (60%). Hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative subtypes comprised 45%, 25%, and 30% of the cohort, respectively. MWA was performed in 16 patients (80%), TACE was performed in 2 patients (10%), and both modalities were performed in 2 patients (10%). Complete response per RECIST 1.1 was achieved in 40% of patients. No grade 3-4 adverse events were recorded. Median OS was 20 months (95% CI: 14.9-25.1), and median PFS was 6 months (95% CI: 0-17.5). In univariate analysis, factors associated with improved OS included LM size < 18 mm (23 vs. 11 months, p < 0.001), unilateral lobar involvement (23 vs. 5 months, p = 0.025), and LAT application during first-line therapy (48 vs. 19 months, p = 0.021). Factors associated with improved PFS included LM size < 18 mm (19 vs. 5 months, p < 0.001) and achievement of complete ablative response per RECIST 1.1 (18 vs. 5 months, p = 0.005). Conclusions: LAT is a safe and feasible treatment modality in selected BCLM patients. In univariate analysis, smaller lesion size, unilateral hepatic involvement, and early-line LAT applications are associated with improved OS, while complete ablative response is associated with improved PFS. These findings warrant validation in prospective studies with larger cohorts. Multidisciplinary patient selection is essential to optimize outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42279424,
year = {2026},
author = {Tsoti, SM and Kalles, V and Nikitaras, A and Papapanagiotou, I and Michalopoulos, N},
title = {Cryoablation in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Efficacy, Safety and Oncologic Outcomes.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18111842},
pmid = {42279424},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Background: Cryoablation is a minimally invasive technique that is being investigated as an alternative to surgery for early-stage breast cancer. Its potential advantages include outpatient treatment under local anaesthesia, favourable cosmetic outcomes, and possible immunologic synergy. However, its oncologic efficacy and long-term effectiveness are yet to be determined. Methods: We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and the Cochrane Handbook, registered on PROSPERO (CRD420251137549). Databases searched were PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and CENTRAL, from inception to August 2025. Eligible studies included women with unifocal, node-negative invasive ductal carcinoma ≤ 2 cm treated with percutaneous cryoablation. Outcomes of interest were residual disease, ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence, procedural and late complications, and cosmetic or patient-reported outcomes. Results: From 1074 records, 15 unique studies (17 reports) were included, comprising cryoablation-only studies (n = 7), treat-and-resect studies (n = 6), and comparative studies versus surgery (n = 2). Studies containing overlapping pathology validation and comparative components were classified within a single category to avoid duplication. Across treat-and-resect cohorts, complete tumour necrosis was reported in 88-95% of cases, with residual invasive carcinoma (RIC) ranging from 5% to 12%. In cryoablation-only cohorts, IBTR rates ranged from 0% to 4.3%, with follow-up durations spanning 2 months to 8 years. The largest study (ICE3, n = 194) reported a 5-year recurrence rate of 4.3%. Procedural complications were infrequent and self-limiting, most commonly bruising, oedema, or superficial frostbite. No major adverse events were reported. Validated quality-of-life instruments reported high patient satisfaction, with favourable results in selected comparative domains. Most included studies were of moderate methodological quality. Conclusions: Cryoablation appears technically feasible, safe, and cosmetically favourable in well-selected low-risk early-stage breast cancers. Oncologic outcomes are encouraging, with reported local recurrence rates in carefully selected low-risk populations being low, although direct comparison with breast-conserving surgery remains limited by the small number of comparative studies and substantial heterogeneity across the evidence base. Rigorous multicentre randomised trials with long-term follow-up and validated patient-reported outcomes are needed before cryoablation can be considered for routine clinical adoption.},
}

@article {pmid42279611,
year = {2026},
author = {Zafrakas, M and Argyriou, T and Papasozomenou, P and Emmanouilides, C},
title = {An Extreme Clinical Diagnosis: Primary Metastatic Breast Cancer with Complete Bilateral Breast Contour Elimination and Ulceration.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics16111744},
pmid = {42279611},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {A 51-year-old woman was admitted with a malodorous ulceration covering the whole area of both breasts, without visible breast contour or remnants of breast tissue. After excision of a skin nodule an invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed; grade-2, hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative, Ki-67 at 25%. Computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen showed pulmonary and osseous metastases. Six cycles of systemic chemotherapy with epirubicin and cyclophosphamide at three-week intervals were administered, followed by endocrine therapy with letrozole. Almost four years later, palbociclib became available and it was added to the patient's treatment. Loco-regional and distant disease control was achieved attaining maximum response at 11 months after initial diagnosis and since then the patient remains progression-free with good quality of life for more than eight years. This is to the best of our knowledge an extreme case of primary metastatic ulcerative breast cancer with complete local tissue destruction and markedly prolonged progression-free survival. As this is a single-case clinical observation, any conclusions have limited generalizability. Given the rarity of primary metastatic ulcerative breast cancer there are no specific evidence-based treatment guidelines available and published studies have high heterogeneity and low level of evidence, necessitating multidisciplinary approach on a case-by-case basis.},
}

@article {pmid42283097,
year = {2026},
author = {Jin, C and Roychoudhury, S},
title = {Malignant Adenomyoepithelioma Combined with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast: A Case Report.},
journal = {International journal of surgical pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {10668969261457929},
doi = {10.1177/10668969261457929},
pmid = {42283097},
issn = {1940-2465},
abstract = {Malignant adenomyoepithelioma is an adenomyoepithelioma in which the epithelial or myoepithelial components may undergo malignant transformation. Malignant adenomyoepithelioma of the breast is a rare tumor and often affects elderly women. We report an 85-year-old female patient who presented with 5.5 cm mass in the outer quadrant of the left breast. Biopsy of the mass showed metaplastic spindle cell carcinoma. The patient then underwent a total mastectomy. The final pathology found malignant adenomyoepithelioma and in addition, coexisted with well-differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma. The findings raised an interesting discussion of potential pathogenesis, the implications in clinical management and emphasized the importance of extensive tissue sampling in large breast tumors.},
}

@article {pmid42033578,
year = {2026},
author = {Sakhri, S and Ghazouani, A and Khemir, A and Ben Dhiab, T},
title = {Synchronous presentation of invasive ductal breast carcinoma metastasis and ovarian granulosa cell tumor with literature review.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42033578},
issn = {2730-6011},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Synchronous tumors involving the ovary are rare, particularly the coexistence of an ovarian granulosa cell tumor (GCT) and a metastatic ductal breast carcinoma within the same adnexa. While GCTs represent only 1–2% of all ovarian neoplasms, ovarian metastases from breast cancer account for up to 40% of secondary ovarian tumors, with a known predilection for invasive lobular subtypes. The synchronous occurrence of metastatic ductal carcinoma and a primary GCT remains exceptionally uncommon.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 45-year-old woman referred because of with a Luminal B invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, initially staged T3N1M0. She underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection, and adjuvant radiotherapy. A laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was subsequently performed for hormonal suppression. Histopathological analysis revealed the unexpected coexistence of two distinct tumors within the same adnexal specimen: (1) an ovarian and tubal metastasis from the previously diagnosed breast ductal carcinoma, and (2) an adult-type granulosa cell tumor of the ovary. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the dual origin of the lesions. The postoperative course was uneventful, and systemic imaging showed no other metastatic sites. A multidisciplinary team recommended close surveillance.

CONCLUSION: This case highlights the rare synchronous presentation of two histologically distinct neoplasms metastatic ductal breast carcinoma and a primary granulosa cell tumor within the same anatomical site. It underscores the importance of thorough histological evaluation in patients with a history of breast cancer undergoing therapeutic oophorectomy, even when ovaries appear macroscopically normal.},
}

@article {pmid42266668,
year = {2026},
author = {Ryu, HS and Abdellatef, AA and Kim, DS and Nikas, IP and Krupenko, SA},
title = {Clinical implications of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase expression in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1838093},
pmid = {42266668},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: ALDH1L1, a key enzyme in folate metabolism, has been implicated in various cancers, but the clinical significance of its expression in breast cancer remains unclear.

METHODS: We analyzed three cohorts from Seoul National University Hospital: (i) 41 non-matched patient samples (23 samples from normal mammary tissues and 18 samples from invasive carcinoma); (ii) 44 paired normal and invasive mammary carcinoma patient tissues; (iii) tissue microarray of 1,001 invasive ductal carcinoma patients. ALDH1L1 immunostaining was performed on 1,086 cases (combined samples from the three cohorts) using tissue microarrays or whole section slides with positive cytoplasmic and membranous reactivity. Clinical (tumor size, grade, lymphatic invasion, and lymph node metastasis) data were collected from patient records.

RESULTS: ALDH1L1 expression was higher in non-tumor tissues than cancer tissues (p=0.0014 and p=0.0282 for two datasets), and inversely correlated with increased tumor size, advanced stage, and lymphatic spread. Higher ALDH1L1 expression is associated with smaller tumor size, lower pT stage in luminal A and HER2+ subtypes, and lower nuclear grade in triple-negative breast cancer. ALDH1L1 expression was associated with improved overall and disease-free survival, particularly in hormone receptor-positive subtypes (p=0.0049 and p=0.0441). These findings were confirmed by METABRIC database analysis. In agreement with the association between ALDH1L1 expression and tumor aggressiveness, proliferation/clonogenic assays showed strong cytotoxic effects of lentivirus-delivered ALDH1L1 in MCF7 and T47D luminal breast cancer cells.

CONCLUSION: Reduced ALDH1L1 expression is associated with aggressive clinicopathologic features and poorer survival in breast cancer, with a particularly evident and clinically relevant prognostic impact in the luminal A subtype. These findings highlight ALDH1L1 as a subtype-specific favorable biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid42270040,
year = {2026},
author = {Fumo, AR and Dreher, SI and Morigny, P and Ji, H and Terron Exposito, R and Samanci, TF and More, T and Ruoff, L and Tissink, JJ and Paredes Yubero, C and Alfaro, AJ and von Törne, C and Hauck, S and Nusser, SHA and Czigany, Z and Dyar, KA and Herzig, S and Berriel Diaz, M and Zeigerer, A and Hiller, K and Wirtz, TH and Weigert, C and Rohm, M},
title = {Hepatokines lipocalin 2 and osteopontin drive muscle atrophy in MASH.},
journal = {Molecular metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102391},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102391},
pmid = {42270040},
issn = {2212-8778},
abstract = {A bidirectional relationship exists between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progressive inflammatory form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and sarcopenia, with each worsening the prevalence and prognosis of the other. Hepatokines have recently been shown to affect skeletal muscle metabolism and function, both in the context of MASLD and wasting diseases. We here explored the possibility of targeting hepatokines to counteract MASLD-induced sarcopenia. Integrating mouse and human liver transcriptomics with muscle proteomics from MCD- and GAN-diet induced murine MASH models with sarcopenia, we identified three MASH-induced hepatokines, namely LCN2, LGALS3 and OPN. These hepatokines were elevated in the circulation of mouse MASH models with sarcopenia and in sarcopenic patients with advanced chronic liver disease. C2C12 myotubes treated with liver-secreted proteins as well as recombinant LCN2 and LGALS3 exhibited atrophy. Stable isotope tracing and mitochondrial respiration showed that liver-secreted proteins altered mitochondrial metabolism in C2C12 myotubes, which was recapitulated in primary human myotubes. Human 3D skeletal muscle organoids treated with recombinant proteins exhibited functional impairment. Virus-mediated knockdown of LCN2 in liver of mice with MASH improved muscle function and myotube size, whereas virus-mediated overexpression of LCN2 in the liver aggravated MASH-induced myotube atrophy. Targeting hepatokines may therefore be a feasible future therapeutic strategy against sarcopenia.},
}

@article {pmid42270144,
year = {2026},
author = {Aljunied, I and Malima, T and Waters, C and Richards, K and Abd Elwahab, SM and Barry, K},
title = {Subcutaneous contralateral upper limb metastasis in invasive breast ductal carcinoma: a rare presentation.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2025-269666},
pmid = {42270144},
issn = {1757-790X},
abstract = {Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast is known to typically metastasise to the lungs, liver, bone and brain, with subcutaneous soft tissue involvement being rare, with only eight cases reported internationally. We report the case of a woman with a history of left-sided invasive ductal carcinoma treated with a mastectomy and adjuvant therapy, who presented 7 years later with a 2.8 cm subcutaneous lesion over the contralateral shoulder. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry confirmed metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma, displaying a morphological and receptor profile congruent with her primary tumour. This case highlights the potential for late and atypical metastatic presentations of breast cancer and underlines the importance of maintaining diagnostic vigilance in long-term survivors.},
}

@article {pmid42273668,
year = {2026},
author = {Tchabashvili, L and Leivaditis, V and Papadaki, H and Kitsou, KS and Zolota, V and Argentou, MI},
title = {Expression of visfatin, lipocalin-2, adiponectin, and chemerin in breast cancer and their association with clinicopathological parameters.},
journal = {Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {e1-e4},
pmid = {42273668},
issn = {2451-0629},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy in women worldwide, with prognosis influenced not only by tumor-intrinsic factors but also by the tumor microenvironment. Adipokines, including visfatin, lipocalin-2, adiponectin, and chemerin, have been increasingly implicated in breast cancer biology, influencing inflammation, metabolism, angiogenesis, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, their precise contribution to tumor progression and their association with common prognostic markers remain unclear. The expression patterns of these adipokines were evaluated in invasive ductal carcinoma and explored their relationship with established clinicopathological parameters.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Breast cancer diagnosed cases were analyzed in 2018 at the University General Hospital of Patras. Immunohistochemistry was performed for visfatin, lipocalin-2, adiponectin, and chemerin. Marker expression was correlated with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2/c-ERB2, Ki67, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI).

RESULTS: Visfatin and adiponectin both showed significant associations between high Ki67 and LVI (p = 0.0049 and p = 0.00044, respectively). In addition, ER negativity was linked to LVI for these two adipokines (p = 0.0175 for both). By contrast, lipocalin-2 did not show significant correlations, although borderline values for ER and PR suggested a possible trend.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings point to visfatin and adiponectin as potential indicators of aggressive breast cancer phenotypes, while lipocalin-2 may follow a different biological trajectory. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to confirm these associations and clarify underlying mechanisms.},
}

@article {pmid42274065,
year = {2026},
author = {Bawazir, A and Alhalafi, S and Jazieh, A and Khan, WA and Khan, RA},
title = {Factors Influencing Breast Cancer Survival Outcomes in the Central Region of Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {The Gulf journal of oncology},
volume = {1},
number = {50},
pages = {56-64},
pmid = {42274065},
issn = {2521-3881},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Globally, breast cancer (BC) stands as the most common malignancy, predominantly affecting women, with observed trends of increasing incidence and mortality. Data concerning the survival of BC patients in Saudi Arabia (SA) is notably scarce. This study aims to pinpoint the specific factors that impact the survival rate (SR) among breast cancer patients in Saudi Arabia's central region.

METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data from 1405 breast cancer patients documented in the King Abdulaziz Medical City Cancer Registry from 2009 to 2018. The collected patient information included sociodemographic details and comprehensive tumor characteristics such as its location, histopathology, molecular subtypes, disease stage, and ultimate survival outcomes. To assess the relationship between these factors and patient survival, survival analyses were performed, incorporating Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models, which were adjusted for potential confounding variables.

RESULTS: Patients of older age (over 60 years) demonstrated a higher mortality risk from breast cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most frequently observed histopathologic subtype; however, invasive lobular carcinoma was linked to an elevated death risk. Adjusted Hazard Ratios from Cox regression indicated that BC patients with metastasis were six times (AHR=6.3; 95%CI=4.6-8.7, p<0.001) more likely to face a higher death risk compared to those with localized or regional tumors. Furthermore, patients diagnosed with triple-negative tumors were associated with twice the risk of death compared to other subtypes (AHR=2.1; 95%CI=1.4-2.9, p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Both patient age and the presence of distant cancer spread are critical predictors of survival for breast cancer patients residing in central Saudi Arabia. Emphasizing early diagnosis, timely treatment, and consistent follow-up is essential for enhancing patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42275575,
year = {2026},
author = {Turan, B and Sanli, AN and Karabulut, A and Tekcan Sanli, DE},
title = {Mammary Paget Disease is Not an Independent Prognostic Factor: A Contemporary SEER Analysis.},
journal = {The American surgeon},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {31348261457571},
doi = {10.1177/00031348261457571},
pmid = {42275575},
issn = {1555-9823},
abstract = {PurposeThis study aimed to provide an updated evaluation of the clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of mammary Paget disease by analyzing pure Paget, Paget + DCIS, and Paget + IDC subgroups within the contemporary SEER cohort, which includes consistent HER2 reporting and reflects the modern systemic therapy era.MethodsCases diagnosed in the SEER database between 2010 and 2021 were analyzed. Clinicopathological parameters were compared across subgroups. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analyses and multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsPaget-associated subgroups exhibited distinct biological profiles, characterized by lower hormone receptor positivity and markedly higher HER2 positivity compared with IDC. In unadjusted analyses, pure Paget and Paget + IDC groups demonstrated lower survival, whereas Paget + DCIS showed the most favorable outcomes (P < 0.001). However, after adjustment for key prognostic determinants, including age, stage, grade, nodal status, and treatment, histological subgroup was not an independent predictor of OS or CSS.ConclusionIn the modern therapeutic era, survival differences across the Paget spectrum appear to reflect the underlying carcinoma's biological and clinical characteristics rather than the presence of Paget disease itself. This study represents the most contemporary, comprehensively adjusted population-level analysis to date and clarifies that, when tumors are matched for stage and subtype, Paget disease does not independently worsen prognosis.},
}

@article {pmid42275722,
year = {2026},
author = {Urbano, MA and Martínez-Caicedo, AT and Nati-Castillo, HA and Lizarazo, F and Acosta, V and Ortiz, W and Martinez, JJ and Puello, IL and Obando, MA and Garcia-Robledo, JE and Gomez, R},
title = {A real-world analysis of polycythemia vera at two comprehensive cancer centers in Cali, Colombia.},
journal = {Blood cells, molecules & diseases},
volume = {120},
number = {},
pages = {103022},
doi = {10.1016/j.bcmd.2026.103022},
pmid = {42275722},
issn = {1096-0961},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells, primarily driven by JAK2 mutations. Even though there are established diagnostic and therapeutic standards, there is not a lot of information about the clinical and molecular features of PV in Latin America. Our aim was to characterize the demographic, clinical, hematological, and treatment characteristics of patients with polycythemia vera at a specialized hematology/oncology center in southern Colombia.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis involving patients aged 18 years and older diagnosed with polycythemia vera at Hemato Oncólogos S.A. and Clínica Imbanaco in Cali, Colombia, from July 2015 to July 2023. We looked at 59 consecutive medical records to get demographic information, JAK2 mutational status, hematologic parameters, initial treatment, relapse reasons, and outcomes. We used descriptive statistics and compared groups using the Chi-square/Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and the Student's t-test, ANOVA, or non-parametric alternatives for continuous variables. A p-value under 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: There were 59 patients in all, with a slight male majority (50.8%) and an average age of 70.1 ± 12.3 years; the average age at diagnosis was 60.1 ± 11.3 years. In 61.0% of patients, JAK2 mutations were found, and in 81.4% of patients, the risk was high. The average hemoglobin level upon diagnosis was 17.2 ± 2.9 g/dL, but by the last follow-up, it had dropped to 14.4 ± 2.6 g/dL. The main treatments were acetylsalicylic acid plus hydroxyurea (32.2%) or phlebotomy (28.8%). During the follow-up period (mean 0.9 ± 3.6 years), 37.3% of individuals experienced recurrence, sometimes requiring an increase in treatment to hydroxyurea or ruxolitinib. The overall death rate was 15.3%. No statistically significant differences were seen between patients who survived and those who died concerning baseline hemoglobin, age, JAK2 status, or therapeutic mode.

CONCLUSION: This study provides one of the first extensive characterizations of PV in southern Colombia, confirming internationally recognized clinical features, including advanced age at diagnosis, increased prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities, and a predominance of high-risk classification. The low rate of finding JAK2 mutations suggests that molecular testing may not be as easy to get as it could be. Even if the treatment followed the guidelines, the risk of recurrence and thrombosis remained, showing that PV is a long-term and worsening condition. These findings highlight the urgent need to expand access to molecular diagnostics, develop tailored risk-adapted medicines, and initiate prospective multicenter studies in Latin America to optimize outcomes and quality of life in PV.},
}

@article {pmid42261942,
year = {2026},
author = {Jeys, LM and Botello, E and Boyle, R and Ebeid, W and Hilton, T and Houdek, MT and Hosking, K and Kurisunkal, VJ and Laubscher, M and Morris, GV and Puri, A and Ruggieri, P and , and Laitinen, MK and Abdul Bari, Y and Abood, A and Abraham, JA and Acosta Marin, M and Agarwal, M and Agarwal, R and Aguirre, M and Ajit Singh, V and Akiyama, T and Al Farii, H and Alaqeel, M and Alaseem, A and Aldosari, O and Alexander, K and Alfaro, P and Aljuhani, W and Allison, DC and Almashahedi, M and Alotaibi, A and Alpan, B and Alshaygy, IS and Althunayan, T and Andreani, L and Andreou, D and Andriandi, A and Annabelle, L and Aponte-Tinao, L and Ardelt, M and Armas, S and Aston, W and Aycan, OE and Baad-Hansen, T and Baeza, P and Baird, C and Balach, T and Banse, X and Barriga, J and Barry, J and Basile, G and Bastoni, S and Basuki, MH and Bauer, HC and Baydar, S and Bayliss, L and Becker, R and Bedi, A and Benevenia, J and Bengoa, F and Berger, C and Bernthal, N and Binitie, O and Bird, J and Bobseit, A and Bodian, C and Boffano, M and Bonilla Huertas, P and Bramer, J and Broadhead, M and Broekhuis, D and Broida, SE and Brown, D and Bruschi, A and Budny, T and Buist, M and Burke, Z and Busse, T and Cabrolier, J and Calvo-Haro, JA and Campanacci, DA and Cardoso, R and Carey Smith, R and Carrasco, MG and Casales, N and Castan, A and Ceballos, O and Chan, CM and Chan, L and Chang, LZ and Charoenlap, C and Chaustre Florez, JF and Chin, J and Choong, P and Chrobok, A and Chung, YG and Ciechanowicz, D and Clara-Altamirano, MA and Consuegra Guzman, LA and Cornu, O and Coubeau, L and Courtot, L and Crawford, B and Cribb, G and Cuervo-Lozano, CE and Dammerer, D and de la Rosa, P and de Lima Corvino, D and De Paolis, M and De Santos de la Fuente, FJ and de Vaal, M and Deisenhofer, JM and Delgado Obando, J and Demir, E and Deo, S and Deventer, N and Di Bella, C and Dierselhuis, E and Docquier, PL and Domson, G and Donati, DM and Doshi, A and Duivenvoorden, MJC and Duran-Ciarrochi, R and Dürr, HR and Ehlers, PJ and El Ghoneimy, AM and El Motassime, A and Eloi Pinto, FF and Endo, M and Epstein, G and Eralp, L and Etaiwi, M and Eward, W and Fabbri, N and Faimali, M and Farman, U and Farooq, A and Farooque, K and Farris, C and Ferguson, P and Ferreira, N and Fiorenza, F and Flint, M and Forsberg, JA and Franks, D and Freitas, JP and Fuchs, B and Fujiwara, T and Funovics, PT and Fuzy, E and Galli Serra, M and Gamie, Z and Garcia-Carrasco, M and García-Huidobro, G and Gaston, CL and Gazendam, A and Georges, B and Ghert, M and Ghosh, KM and Giardina, FL and Gibbs, CP and Golovina, Y and Gomez Mier, LC and Gomez-Mascard, A and Gomez-Sierra, MA and González-Browne, C and Gonzalez-Saldivar, J and González-Motta, A and Gortzak, Y and Gosheger, G and Gouin, F and Goulding, K and Gracia, I and Graydon, A and Green, N and Griffin, A and Guedes, A and Gulia, A and Gupta, S and Guzman, M and Hardes, J and Hasan, YO and Hashim, AM and Havard, H and Haydon, R and Hegde, P and Hernandez Lopez, A and Herrera, D and Hesham, A and Hesla, A and Hess, M and Hirschmann, A and Hobusch, G and Hohensteiner, A and Hongsaprabhas, C and Hornicek, F and Hsu, M and Idowu, OK and Idulhaq, M and Igbinoba, B and Ippolito, JA and Iwata, S and Jagiello, J and Johan, MP and Johnson, L and Johnston, A and Joo, MW and Joyce, D and Jung, B and Jungels, C and Jutte, P and Jutte, W and Jääskeläinen, AS and Kaldas, K and Kapanci, B and Karaca, MO and Kawai, A and Kemp, A and Khal, AA and Khan, Z and Khan, ZA and Khaouam, N and Kim, HS and Klopper, S and Kobayashi, E and Kobayashi, H and Kontogeorgakos, V and Kotrych, D and Krebbekx, GGJ and Krishnamurthy, AV and Kunisada, T and Kyte, R and Lacroix, V and Lazarides, A and Le Nail, LR and Lee, FY and Lee, J and Lee, M and Legosz, P and Lehner, B and Leithner, A and Leone, G and Letson, D and Lewis, VO and Li, B and Liikanen, H and Lin, P and Linda, Z and Lindsay, S and Lozano Calderon, S and Lutomia Lumbasi, M and Macdonald, J and Machado, P and Majirija, E and Malina, M and Malyk, R and Marais, L and Mascard, E and Mattei, JC and McCullough, L and McMahon, S and Medellin Rincon, MR and Mediavilla Santos, L and Meijer, D and Meijer, JG and Miller, B and Molloy, A and Moriel Garcesco, DJ and Morris, CD and Morse-Sanyal, A and Mottard, S and Mthethwa, PG and Muñoz-Montecinos, C and Murcia, M and Müller, M and Nakayama, R and Narhari, P and Nasar, A and Nayak, P and Neugebauer, J and Nieminen, J and Ntombela, P and Nystrom, L and O'Reilly-Harbidge, S and O'Toole, G and Ogura, K and Oktayana, MD and Oliveira, V and Olivier, A and Olson, D and Olusunmade, O and Omar, M and Omran Hasan, Y and Ortiz-Cruz, EJ and Ozaki, S and Ozaki, T and Ozkan, K and Pala, E and Palmerini, E and Panchwagh, Y and Pang, G and Papagelopoulos, P and Papagelopoulos, DP and Paraliticci, G and Parizzia, W and Parry, M and Pate, M and Peiró, A and Perera, J and Petersen, MM and Phakathi, O and Phimolsarnti, R and Phiri, T and Pinheiro, R and Pinto Santander, N and Ploegmakers, J and Pollock, R and Powell, G and Prabowo, Y and Pruthi, M and Puhaindran, M and Quirion, J and Quirland, C and Rabin, E and Rachbauer, A and Radhakrishnan, S and Raja, A and Rajalbandi, R and Rajani, R and Rajasekaran, RB and Rajasekaran, S and Rajkovic, S and Ramirez, MT and Ramkumar, DB and Rankin, KS and Ras El Abiad, A and Rasappan, K and Redl, M and Rizzo, A and Rose, PS and Rosenberg, A and Russell, M and Salcedo Rodriguez, G and Saleh, A and Sambri, A and Samy, A and Sánchez-Maldonado, M and Saputra, RD and Scanferla, R and Scharschmidt, T and Schubert, T and Scoccianti, G and Segura, F and Sellevold, S and Shehadeh, A and Shreemal, B and Shumelinsky, F and Siddiqi, AM and Silveri, C and Sinnaeve, F and Smolle, MA and Snyman, F and Solomons, M and Sommerville, S and Sood, SS and Spense, ME and Spiegel, C and Spiguel, A and Staals, EL and Stavropoulos, NA and Steadman, P and Stern, S and Stevenson, J and Stoppiello, P and Stubbe, C and Sullivan, MH and Sundin, N and Suntaxi Basantes, FM and Szostakowski, B and Szostakowski, B and Tandon, N and Tang, X and Tepper, S and Terrarossa, B and Thippeswamy, PB and Thorkildsen, J and Tootsi, K and Torner-Rubies, F and Tosyali, K and Traub, F and Trent, J and Triganjananun, C and Trikoupis, I and Trullols, L and Tsagkozis, P and Tsoi, K and Tuntarattanapong, P and Ulrich, MN and Vainio, VM and Valencia, JD and van de Sande, M and van der Geest, I and van der Wal, RJ and van Langevelde, K and Velez, R and Verbeke, L and Verspoor, FGM and Versteeg, A and Vicatos, G and Virk, JS and Visgauss, J and Vyrva, O and Wafa, H and Wan Faisham, WI and Wang, PQ and Wei, R and Wennergren, D and Werier, J and Weschenfelder, W and Williams, N and Wunder, J and Yildiz, HY and Yonamine, ES and Yonezawa, H and Yousuf, M and Zaghloul, A and Zainul-Abidin, S and Zamora, T and Zuckerman, L and Zumarraga, JP and Özger, H},
title = {A modified Delphi consensus on tenosynovial giant cell tumour and giant cell tumour of bone : a report from the Birmingham Orthopaedic Oncology Meeting (BOOM).},
journal = {The bone & joint journal},
volume = {108-B},
number = {},
pages = {xxx},
doi = {10.1302/0301-620X.108B.BJJ-2026-0394},
pmid = {42261942},
issn = {2049-4408},
abstract = {AIMS: The aim of this study was to achieve consensus on important topics related to tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) and giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB), and to identify areas for future research.

METHODS: In January 2026, a consensus meeting, The Birmingham Orthopaedic Oncology Meeting (BOOM), held in Cape Town, South Africa, gathered 314 delegates from 59 countries to debate 21 consensus statements on tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) and giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) through a modified Delphi process.

RESULTS: Of the 21 statements, two achieved unanimous consensus, 18 strong consensus, and one moderate consensus. Unanimous consensus was reached for prioritizing joint-preserving intralesional curettage in GCTB when feasible, and for supporting non-surgical approaches in anatomically challenging cases, particularly sacral lesions. The statement addressing the role of denosumab in GCTB achieved only moderate consensus. The use of adjuvants in GCTB, as well as the management of recurrent and systemic GCTB, including long-term use of denosumab, reached strong consensus. Strong consensus was achieved in the surgical and non-surgical management for both primary and recurrent TGCT. Surveillance strategies for both TGCT and GCTB generated substantial discussion despite strong consensus, reflecting ongoing uncertainty and lack in evidence.

CONCLUSION: This international consensus provides practical guidance for the management of TGCT and GCTB while identifying important gaps in evidence. Joint-preserving surgery remains central to the treatment of GCTB, with selective integration of systemic therapies and individualized surveillance. The consensus framework highlights priorities for future collaborative research in orthopaedic oncology.},
}

@article {pmid42026555,
year = {2026},
author = {Al Achkar, Z and Gaspard, D and Iskandar, M},
title = {Diagnosis and management of pleural mesothelioma: three unique cases and review of the literature.},
journal = {BMC pulmonary medicine},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42026555},
issn = {1471-2466},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mesothelioma is a rare pleural tumor. Compared to diffuse pleural mesothelioma, localized pleural mesothelioma carries a better prognosis and may be managed with surgical resection. Among histologic subtypes, the sarcomatoid variant is the least common but is associated with the poorest outcome. Diagnosis remains challenging, with immunohistochemistry playing a central role in confirming the disease. While surgical resection is the cornerstone of management, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy are considered in unresectable cases. Overall, mesothelioma continues to carry a poor prognosis.

CASE PRESENTATION: We describe three cases of pleural mesothelioma that posed diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. The first case involved a rapidly progressive sarcomatoid mesothelioma, initially raising concern for Ewing’s sarcoma, which was excluded based on negative immunohistochemical markers. The second case was an epithelioid mesothelioma successfully treated with extrapleural pneumonectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy, resulting in prolonged survival. The third case, the only one with documented asbestos exposure, represents the first reported instance of synchronous epithelioid mesothelioma and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

CONCLUSION: Mesothelioma is a rare and complex pleural malignancy that may present in atypical ways, complicating both diagnosis and management. These cases underscore the importance of immunohistochemical profiling, highlight the value of multidisciplinary diagnostic approaches, and reaffirm the pivotal role of surgery within the therapeutic algorithm.},
}

@article {pmid42032484,
year = {2026},
author = {Albalawi, ES and Qayyum, J and Qayyum, J},
title = {Population-specific MicroRNA biomarker discovery in breast ductal carcinoma via explainable graph neural multi-omics modeling.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42032484},
issn = {1471-2407},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ductal carcinoma, including ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), represents a major global health burden, yet South Asian populations remain markedly under-represented in molecular oncology research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in tumor progression, immune regulation, and therapy response; however, their population-specific relevance remains unclear. This study characterizes miRNA dysregulation in South Asian breast ductal carcinoma and evaluates their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential using multi-omics integration, explainable machine learning, and functional validation.

METHODS: Tumor and matched adjacent-normal tissues from clinically confirmed ductal carcinoma patients (n = 800; 500 IDC, 300 DCIS) underwent miRNA-sequencing and clinical annotation. Differential expression, survival modeling, and pathway enrichment analyzes were performed. A Graph Attention Network (GAT) classifier with SHAP-based interpretability was developed for subtype prediction and treatment-response stratification. External validation was performed using the TCGA-BRCA dataset. Anti-miR-21 lipid nanoparticle (LNP) inhibition assays were conducted for functional assessment.

RESULTS: miR-21, miR-155, and miR-200b showed significant dysregulation in discovery cohort analysis, with diagnostic performance ranging from AUC 0.78–0.92. The GAT model achieved AUC = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–0.98), outperforming Random Forest (AUC = 0.94), and SHAP analysis highlighted miR-21 and miR-155 as the dominant contributors. Proof-of-concept anti-miR-21 LNP assays demonstrated 92% encapsulation efficiency, IC₅₀ = 21.4 nM, and ~ 45% tumor volume reduction in preclinical murine models.

CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the first large-scale characterization of miRNA dysregulation in South Asian breast ductal carcinoma and reveals distinct population-specific prognostic behavior, particularly for miR-155. The combined genomic profiling, explainable GNN-based prediction, and preclinical therapeutic validation support further investigation of miRNA biomarkers for clinical translation. Findings support development of region-tailored liquid biopsy panels and precision therapy strategies for South Asian breast cancer patients.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-026-16060-9.},
}

@article {pmid42257037,
year = {2026},
author = {Masuda, Y and Tanaka, M and Koga, Y and Eto, K and Watanabe, R and Yoshinaga, Y and Satou, T},
title = {Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Detected 20 Years after Occult Breast Cancer: A Diagnostic Challenge in Distinguishing New Primary Cancer from Late Recurrence.},
journal = {Case reports in oncology},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {647-655},
pmid = {42257037},
issn = {1662-6575},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Occult breast cancer (OBC) is defined as axillary lymph node metastasis without an identifiable primary breast tumor. Although advances in imaging have reduced the incidence of "true" OBC, long-term outcomes extending beyond a decade remain rarely reported. Recent literature has also suggested that a subset of OBC may originate from ectopic breast tissue located within axillary lymph nodes, suggesting biological heterogeneity within this rare entity.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old woman presented with right axillary lymphadenopathy. Comprehensive imaging showed no intramammary lesion, and surgical biopsy confirmed metastatic breast cancer, consistent with OBC. Axillary lymph node dissection revealed seven metastatic nodes (ER 50%, PR 0%, HER2 3+). She received adjuvant chemotherapy and a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor for 10 years without recurrence. Twenty years later, screening mammography identified a new spiculated mass in the ipsilateral breast. Core needle biopsy revealed HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma (ER <5%, PR 15%, HER2 3+, MIB-1 51%). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab resulted in a clinical complete response, and total mastectomy yielded a pathological complete response.

CONCLUSION: This case illustrates an exceptionally rare occurrence of an ipsilateral HER2-positive breast tumor appearing 20 years after treatment for OBC. The absence of MRI at the initial diagnosis, the long disease-free interval, and the discordant tumor biology highlight the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing a new primary cancer from a delayed manifestation of occult disease. Furthermore, considering emerging evidence that some OBC may arise from axillary ectopic breast tissue, the present case - lacking any pathological features of ectopic tissue - is more consistent with a metastatic origin than with an ectopic primary, although a definitive distinction cannot be established. Lifelong surveillance is essential for patients with OBC, even after prolonged remission.},
}

@article {pmid42247401,
year = {2026},
author = {Ndengue, CP and Atangana, PJA and Ateba, GR and Mandengue, SH and Mboudou, ET and Eboumbou Moukoko, CE},
title = {Pre-analytical variables affecting breast cancer biomarker expression: A controlled single-specimen study of fixation duration, cold ischemia time, and fixative preparation in a low-resource setting.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {6},
pages = {e0343185},
pmid = {42247401},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Optimal pre-analytical management of breast tissue specimens, particularly formalin fixation, is essential for accurate immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarker assessment in invasive breast cancer. Although international guidelines suggest using 4% neutral buffered formalin with controlled fixation time, many laboratories in low-resource settings deviate from these standards. This study aimed to determine whether three pre-analytical variables - fixation duration, cold ischemia time, and fixative preparation (4% neutral buffered versus 4% non-buffered formaldehyde) - impact the preservation and evaluation of tissue biomarkers in invasive breast cancer.

METHODS: We conducted an exploratory, proof-of-concept, experimental study using fresh mastectomy tissue from a 34-year-old patient with invasive ductal carcinoma (pT4, hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, Ki67 = 40%) who had not received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Fifty microsamples (5-15 mm in length, approximately 1 mm in diameter) were obtained using a 14-gauge core needle biopsy device and divided into four cohorts: (1) 19 samples fixed in 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde for 0.5 to 144 hours; (2) 19 samples fixed in 4% non-buffered formaldehyde for 0.5 to 144 hours; (3) 6 samples with delayed fixation (0.5 to 8 hours) then fixed in neutral buffered formaldehyde for 10 hours; (4) 6 samples with delayed fixation (0.5 to 8 hours) then fixed in non-buffered formaldehyde for 10 hours. Hormone receptors (estrogen receptor-ER, progesterone receptor-PR) and Ki67 expression were evaluated by IHC using the Allred scoring system and current international recommendations.

RESULTS: Fixative preparation had a statistically significant, yet small, impact on biomarker evaluation. The mean percentage of ER-positive cells was 96.89 ± 0.74% with neutral buffered formaldehyde compared to 94.32 ± 1.51% with non-buffered formaldehyde (p = 0.011). Similar trends were seen for PR (94.89 ± 0.95% vs. 92.63 ± 1.67%, p = 0.027) and staining intensity. However, Allred scores remained unchanged. Fixation duration was significantly correlated with biomarker expression (Spearman ρ between -0.60 and -0.83, p ≤ 0.007), with stable values from 0.5 to 48 h and a significant decline beyond 72 h (one-way ANOVA across fixation windows: all p < 0.01). Cold ischemia time was strongly correlated with decreased biomarker expression regardless of fixative preparation. Hormone receptor expression and Ki67 remained stable with minimal Allred score changes for up to 2 hours of cold ischemia, but significantly decreased after 2 hours, with scores decreasing in proportion to the duration of ischemia (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: In this single-specimen controlled experiment, non-buffered formaldehyde preserved tissue biomarkers with small but measurable differences relative to neutral buffered formaldehyde for IHC analysis, although these findings require validation in multi-patient studies. Consistent with current guidelines, a cold ischemia time of up to 1 hour maintained adequate biomarker preservation. These preliminary results may be relevant for pathology laboratories in resource-limited settings where neutral buffered formalin may not be easily accessible, and warrant further investigation across diverse tumor types and baseline expression levels, particularly tumors with ER-low-positive (1-10%) or heterogeneous expression.},
}

@article {pmid42253649,
year = {2026},
author = {Amini, H and Yavari, A and Rezaei, O},
title = {Osteoradionecrosis of the chest wall in a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {138},
number = {6},
pages = {2178-2182},
pmid = {42253649},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Osteoradionecrosis following radiotherapy is quite rare in locations other than the jaw. In this case report, we described a patient with breast cancer who developed osteoradionecrosis of the chest wall following radiotherapy treatment for breast cancer.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old woman with a history of right breast invasive ductal carcinoma treated with mastectomy and radiotherapy presented with extensive soft tissue and rib necrosis on the right chest wall. Due to the severity of the necrosis, she underwent surgical debridement and reconstruction, including resection of five anterior ribs and part of the lateral sternum. Part of the defect was covered using a latissimus dorsi and serratus anterior myocutaneous flap, while the remaining area was managed with negative-pressure wound therapy and later skin grafting, achieving full healing within 2 weeks.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Osteoradionecrosis of the chest wall can present with ulcers, infection, hemorrhage, rib pain, or even pathological fractures, sometimes presenting up to a year after radiotherapy. Early recognition is often delayed, especially outside the jaw, but timely diagnosis and management can reduce necrosis and improve outcomes, including aesthetic results. Imaging, such as positron emission tomography or contrast-enhanced computed tomography, may aid in early differentiation from other conditions like metastasis.

CONCLUSION: Osteoradionecrosis can develop in any area of the body exposed to radiotherapy and may occur in unusual sites such as the chest. Early diagnosis and management are crucial, as delayed intervention may lead to extensive necrosis and poor aesthetic outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42253653,
year = {2026},
author = {Hosseinpour, R and Negahdari, T and Moradi, S and Azizi, M},
title = {Invasive ductal carcinoma arising in a recurrent phyllodes tumor of the breast: a case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {138},
number = {6},
pages = {2173-2177},
pmid = {42253653},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast is the most common subtype of breast cancer, yet its presentation following benign breast lesions such as fibroadenoma or phyllodes tumor is rare.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old Iranian woman with a history of hypothyroidism, who underwent IVF and fertility medications, with 4-year history of contralateral fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor, underwent excision at 2023. During follow-up, the left breast phyllodes tumor recurred and, upon core biopsy, demonstrated high-grade IDC. Axillary fine-needle aspiration revealed metastatic carcinoma. The patient received systemic chemotherapy followed by left mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection; final pathology confirmed IDC, with negative margins and no residual nodal involvement.

DISCUSSION: Carcinoma arising within phyllodes tumor is rare, and careful histopathologic evaluation is essential to identify coexisting or evolving carcinoma. Management should follow standard breast cancer protocols, including axillary evaluation and adjuvant therapy, while ensuring complete excision of the fibroepithelial component. Patient-specific risk factors, such as IVF history and occupational radiation exposure, may contribute to breast oncogenesis and underscore the importance of vigilant surveillance.

CONCLUSION: Patients with prior benign breast tumors, including fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor, should undergo regular clinical and radiologic follow-up. Early identification of malignant changes enables timely intervention and improves prognosis. This case highlights the need for vigilance even years after excision of benign breast lesions.},
}

@article {pmid42243746,
year = {2026},
author = {Joshua, D and Seni, J and Rahimi, H and Ally, MS and Omar, M and Ali, FS and Joshi, J and Ali, SM and Poulsen, A and Lund, S and , },
title = {Effectiveness of serial C-reactive protein point-of-care testing in optimizing antibiotic treatment in neonates and children in Zanzibar: an open-label, individual randomized controlled clinical trial protocol.},
journal = {BMC pediatrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12887-026-07096-8},
pmid = {42243746},
issn = {1471-2431},
support = {100021//International Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Solutions (ICARS)/ ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Antimicrobial resistance is increasing globally. Children are disproportionately affected due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics which is linked to lack of prompt diagnostics for suspected bacterial infections, limited access to health care facilities and financial constraints. The C-reactive protein (CRP) point-of-care test (POCT) presents an opportunity for quick and cost-effective diagnosis to establish the likelihood of a bacterial infection. However, information on the effectiveness of point-of-care CRP testing in hospitalized children in Zanzibar, Tanzania is limited.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This multicenter, open-label, individual randomized controlled trial with 28 days follow-up is conducted at four hospitals in Zanzibar. Well-appearing neonates at risk of early onset sepsis, neonates (0 - 28 days) with clinical signs of infection on admission and children (6 months - 12 years) with febrile illness and/or diarrhea on admission are eligible for participation if their caretakers provide informed consent. The hospitals are supplied with CRP POCT equipment as well as a training session on CRP interpretation to aid in the clinical evaluation and antibiotic management of neonates and children. The primary outcome is the duration of antibiotic treatment within 14 days of the admittance of included neonates and children in each study arm and days to relapse of infection (defined as reinstitution of antibiotics within 72 h after completion of treatment).

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study is approved by the Zanzibar Health Research Ethics Committee Ref. No. ZAHREC/04/AMEND/DEC/2023/11. The findings from this study will be used to generate policy briefs and technical reports to inform rational antimicrobial prescriptions' clinical practices and guide future research. Findings will be presented at global conferences and published in peer-reviewed medical journals to foster access to wider communities within Tanzania and beyond.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered with ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN25937092) on 22/01/2024.},
}

@article {pmid42245710,
year = {2026},
author = {Baba, S and Koketsu, M and Kuroda, H and Suzuki, M and Nishihara, H and Kato, Y and Kawami, H and Harada, O},
title = {Case Report: response of HER2-positive ductal carcinoma in situ to osimertinib with supporting in vitro evidence.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1845658},
pmid = {42245710},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) carries a risk of progression to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and local treatments such as mastectomy and radiation therapy are commonly used. This case report describes a 74-year-old Japanese woman with concurrent HER2-positive DCIS and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation who showed a remarkable response to osimertinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor used to treat NSCLC. At initial presentation, the breast lesion measured 28 × 11 × 29 mm. Biopsy revealed high-grade DCIS with a HER2-immunohistochemistry score of 3+ and a Ki-67 index of 20-30%. The NSCLC was subsequently resected, and adjuvant osimertinib therapy was initiated postoperatively. Two months after treatment initiation, a right mastectomy was performed. Postoperative pathological examination showed a marked reduction in tumor size to 8 × 3 mm and a marked decrease in Ki-67 to 1%. These findings indicated multiple post-chemotherapy changes, with only a small amount of high-grade DCIS remaining, suggesting a therapeutic effect of the lung cancer treatment. Assessment of the inhibitory effect of osimertinib on HER2 in vitro demonstrated that osimertinib inhibited cell proliferation in a HER2 expression-dependent way. Western blotting also suggested the inhibition of HER2 phosphorylation. Therefore, these findings suggest that the remarkable response of HER2-positive DCIS in this case may be attributable to the HER2-inhibitory effect of osimertinib. Further research is warranted to determine whether osimertinib could serve as a potential treatment option for HER2-positive breast cancer, including DCIS.},
}

@article {pmid42236150,
year = {2026},
author = {Harikumar, H and de Waard-van Baardwijk, M and de Haan, M and van Beek, G and Lila, K and van Royen, ME and van den Bosch, TP and Sanders, MA and Bindels, E and Stubbs, A and van Leenders, GJ},
title = {Spatial transcriptomics reveals clonal relationships between intraductal carcinoma and adjacent invasive prostate cancer.},
journal = {Histopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/his.70188},
pmid = {42236150},
issn = {1365-2559},
support = {//Jaap Schouten Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {AIMS: The pathogenesis of intraductal carcinoma (IDC) is still controversial. Contrary to current opinion, where IDC represents retrograde spread of invasive prostate cancer (PCa), we recently presented an alternative, unifying hypothesis named 'Repetitive Invasion, Precursor Progression' (RIPP). Little is known about genomic alterations in high-grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HGPIN), IDC and adjacent invasive PCa. Our objective was to clarify the mutual clonal relationships among HGPIN, IDC, and adjacent PCa using spatial transcriptomics.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Regions of interest containing HGPIN, IDC and adjacent invasive PCa were selected from six Gleason score 3 + 4 = 7 radical prostatectomy specimens. Spatial transcriptomic profiling and library preparation were executed according to the Visium workflow. Pathologist-guided manual annotations were utilized to delineate regions of interest for the integrated analysis of chromosomal copy number variants (CNV) and spatiotemporal trajectories. Adjacent HGPIN, IDC and invasive PCa shared common CNV signatures across all samples, with various subclonal events. Unsupervised clonal analysis revealed that across three samples, the adjacent invasive subclone had acquired additional genomic alterations. In two samples, HGPIN, IDC and adjacent invasive PCa had identical CNVs. Finally, in one sample, IDC had additional CNVs compared with HGPIN and invasive glands. Supervised trajectory analysis consistently placed adjacent invasive PCa as the final step in the trajectory, after HGPIN and/or IDC.

CONCLUSIONS: Spatial transcriptomics revealed strong clonal relationships among adjacent HGPIN, IDC and invasive PCa. Supervised trajectory analysis did not support retrograde spread in this limited number of samples, while unsupervised analysis revealed a complex mutual relationship among HGPIN, IDC and adjacent PCa.},
}

@article {pmid42238014,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, T and Zang, S and Chen, B},
title = {Orbital Metastases of Breast Cancer: Case Report and Review of the Literature.},
journal = {Oncology research},
volume = {34},
number = {6},
pages = {32},
pmid = {42238014},
issn = {1555-3906},
abstract = {Background: Orbital metastases are rare in breast cancer, representing only 3-10% of ocular metastases. This report highlights a case where orbital involvement was the first indicator of systemic metastatic spread. Case Presentation: A 72-year-old woman with a history of Estrogen Receptor (ER)-positive (5%), Progesterone Receptor (PR)-negative, Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer (diagnosed 3 years prior) presented with right orbital pain, diplopia, and periorbital swelling. Imaging revealed multiple myositis of the extraocular muscles, compressive displacement of the optic nerve, and right periorbital edema. Bone scintigraphy identified multifocal skeletal metastases. A navigation-assisted biopsy confirmed metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma, immunohistochemically consistent with the primary tumor (ER/PR-negative, HER2-negative). A systematic analysis using next-generation sequencing indicated aberrant activation of the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy and bisphosphonate therapy were initiated, with planned radiotherapy for symptomatic progression. Conclusion: Orbital symptoms in breast cancer survivors, even subtle ones, necessitate prompt evaluation for metastatic disease. Multimodal imaging (e.g., Computed Tomography (CT)/Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)) combined with image-guided biopsy is critical for diagnosis. Early detection enables multidisciplinary palliative strategies to optimize quality of life while addressing systemic dissemination.},
}

@article {pmid42238505,
year = {2026},
author = {Suzuki, G and Masui, K and Ikeda, S and Hirano-Tobo, S and Yamaguchi, T and Kawabata, K and Kato, C and Yamazaki, H and Yamada, K and Aibe, N},
title = {Radiotherapy Targeting the Causative Lesion of Horner's Syndrome in Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review.},
journal = {Case reports in oncology},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {621-630},
pmid = {42238505},
issn = {1662-6575},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Horner's syndrome (HS) is a rare manifestation of metastatic breast cancer resulting from disruption of the sympathetic pathway. Only 6 cases have previously been reported in the literature, almost all of which were managed with systemic therapy. Detailed reports focusing on the role of local treatment, such as radiotherapy directed at the causative lesion of HS in breast cancer, are lacking.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 60-year-old Japanese woman with HER2-positive, hormone receptor-positive invasive ductal carcinoma who developed left-sided HS due to lymph node metastasis. Five months after stereotactic body radiotherapy for cervical spine metastasis, she presented with left ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a cervicothoracic lymph node metastasis adjacent to the first thoracic vertebra, compressing the cervicothoracic sympathetic trunk. Palliative radiotherapy was delivered to the enlarged lymph node. Despite radiological tumor response on follow-up MRI, no improvement in HS was observed.

CONCLUSION: This is the first reported case of radiotherapy directly targeting the lesion responsible for HS in metastatic breast cancer. No neurological improvement was observed despite radiological tumor response. This clinical course is consistent with previous reports involving systemic therapy and suggests that neurological recovery in breast cancer-associated HS may be limited, even when tumor response is achieved.},
}

@article {pmid42238800,
year = {2026},
author = {Abass Eltaib Ahmed, H and Gorish, BMT and Mahjaf, GM and Abdelmula, WIY and Elimam, AA and Altayb, HN and Dawood, M and Zeen, AAM and Altaher, TAA and Ahmed, EBA and Abdalla, RE},
title = {Low Frequency of Pathogenic Variants in BRCA1 Exons 11/20 and BRCA2 Exon 11 Suggests Divergent Mutational Hotspots in Sudanese Breast Cancer Patients: A Case-Control Study.},
journal = {Breast cancer : basic and clinical research},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {11782234261455512},
pmid = {42238800},
issn = {1178-2234},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancers represent a heterogeneous group of diseases; approximately 7% may be attributed to inherited pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2, with exon 11 of BRCA1 representing the most frequently mutated region globally.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the frequency and nature of sequence variants in BRCA1 exons 11 and 20 and BRCA2 exon 11 in a Sudanese cohort, and to determine whether these established mutational hotspots harbor recurrent pathogenic variants in this underrepresented population.

DESIGN: This was a case-control study conducted at Shendi's Tumor Treatment and Cancer Research Center in Northern Sudan.

METHODS: The study included fifty-two female breast cancer patients and thirty healthy female controls aged at least 18 years. Demographic data and blood samples were collected for genomic DNA extraction. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing were performed for BRCA1 (exons 11 and 20) and BRCA2 (exon 11). Variants were classified using ACMG/AMP criteria and analyzed using bioinformatics tools and SPSS.

RESULTS: Invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant histological type, significantly associated with grade II tumors (P = 0.0001). Non-hereditary breast cancers were more prevalent (55.8%), with second-degree relatives most commonly affected in hereditary cases (69.6%). Three BRCA1 sequence variants were identified, all classified as benign or likely benign. These variants were found at comparable frequencies in cases (13/52, 25.0%) and controls (8/30, 26.7%; P = 0.863). Variant presence was significantly associated with Jaalia ethnicity (P = 0.047) and observed exclusively in IDC cases, though these associations did not reach statistical significance for tumor characteristics.

CONCLUSION: No pathogenic variants were identified in BRCA1 exons 11 and 20 or BRCA2 exon 11 in this Sudanese cohort. Given that BRCA1 exon 11 constitutes approximately 60% of the coding sequence and harbors the majority of pathogenic variants in other African populations, these findings suggest that mutational hotspots may differ in this population. Expanded genomic studies encompassing complete coding regions are warranted.},
}

@article {pmid42243365,
year = {2026},
author = {Deng, Y and Wang, C and Hu, Y and Cao, H},
title = {Network toxicology and molecular docking identify BRCA1 as a functional target of the dietary carcinogen PhIP in colorectal cancer.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12672-026-05334-0},
pmid = {42243365},
issn = {2730-6011},
support = {2025JC021//Southwest Medical University Institutional Project/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To clarify the molecular mechanism of PhIP-induced colorectal cancer and identify the potential of core regulatory targets as biomarkers for colorectal cancer.

METHODS: The chemical structure of PhIP was obtained through the PubChem database and ProTox-3.0 platform, and its physicochemical properties and toxic effects were clarified. PhIP action targets were screened from the ChEMBL, STITCH, and SwissTargetPrediction databases, and pathogenic targets for colorectal cancer were acquired from the GeneCards, OMIM, and TTD databases. Intersection targets of PhIP and colorectal cancer were further screened. A compound-target regulatory network was constructed and subjected to functional enrichment analysis and PPI analysis. Core targets were further identified via CytoHubba, their expression differences in colorectal cancer were clarified, and their diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value were evaluated using ROC curves and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Subsequently, the expression of core targets was validated through immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, and immune infiltration analysis was performed to clarify their correlation with immune cells. Finally, the interaction mechanism between PhIP and core targets was revealed at the molecular structural level through molecular docking technology.

RESULTS: A total of 1088 PhIP action targets and 281 colorectal cancer-associated targets were screened, containing 35 intersection targets. Functional enrichment analysis found that these intersection targets were associated with biological processes or signaling pathways such as protein phosphorylation, regulation of cell cycle process, pathways in cancer, and estrogen signaling pathway. Target proteins like BRCA1, ESR1, and BCL2 were located at the center of the PPI network, and BRCA1 was identified as the core regulatory target based on Degree value. Expression difference analysis and immunohistochemistry results showed that BRCA1 was significantly highly expressed in colorectal cancer and had good diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value. Immune infiltration results indicated that BRCA1 was closely related to immune cells such as Th2 cells, T helper cells, Tcm, and iDC. Simultaneously, the gene mutation landscape suggested that mutations in genes like APC and TP53 also participated in colorectal cancer development. Finally, molecular docking results indicated strong binding activity between PhIP and BRCA1.

CONCLUSION: PhIP acts on the core target BRCA1 and participates in colorectal cancer development through mechanisms affecting immune cells, gene mutations, etc. BRCA1 has good diagnostic efficacy and prognostic value in colorectal cancer and is expected to become a new diagnostic and prognostic target for colorectal cancer.},
}

@article {pmid42230175,
year = {2026},
author = {Tank, P and D'Souza, F and Kayalvizhi, N and Rameshkumar, N},
title = {Redefining biologics safety through advanced analytics: MS-based host cell protein profiling.},
journal = {Trends in biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tibtech.2026.05.011},
pmid = {42230175},
issn = {1879-3096},
abstract = {Recent regulatory and pharmacopeial guidance highlights attention to host cell protein (HCP) impurities in biologics. Advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) enable molecular-level characterization of HCPs beyond immunoassay measurements. This article examines how LC-MS-based HCP profiling strengthens impurity risk assessment, improves process understanding, and supports analytical strategies for biologics quality and safety.},
}

@article {pmid42224832,
year = {2026},
author = {Lazar, S and Golan, O and Menes, TS and Freitas, VAR and Neeman, R and Mauda-Havakuk, M and Broitman, S and Stav, D and Nechyporenko, Y and Mercer, D and Amitai, Y},
title = {Factors associated with histological outcomes of MRI-guided biopsy in the lumpectomy bed.},
journal = {Clinical imaging},
volume = {136},
number = {},
pages = {110854},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2026.110854},
pmid = {42224832},
issn = {1873-4499},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between clinical and MRI characteristics and histological outcomes of MRI-guided vacuum-assisted biopsies (MVAB) performed in the lumpectomy bed after malignant breast-conserving surgery (BCT).

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed all MVABs performed in malignant lumpectomy beds between 2016 and 2022, evaluating the relationship between demographic and imaging characteristics and pathological outcomes (benign vs. malignant) using appropriate statistical methods.

RESULTS: Malignancy was diagnosed in 14 of 72 biopsies (19%), most commonly invasive ductal carcinoma (50%). Fat necrosis was the predominant benign finding (38%). On univariate analysis, benign outcomes were more frequent in younger patients (median 60 vs. 69 years), those with prior radiation therapy (90% vs. 69%, P = 0.048), lesions adjacent to a postoperative cavity (28% vs. 7%, P = 0.1), and when coarse calcifications were present on mammography (43% vs. 0%, P = 0.011). Benign results were also more common for biopsies performed within one year or beyond six years after lumpectomy (97%, P = 0.087). No MRI morphological or kinetic features reliably distinguished benign from malignant lesions.

CONCLUSION: MVAB of lumpectomy bed lesions yielded a 19% malignancy rate, with benign outcomes often associated with specific clinical and imaging features. Larger studies are warranted to validate these findings and refine patient selection.},
}

@article {pmid42226429,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, X and Ren, H and Deng, Y and Li, Y and Hu, F},
title = {Integration of Raman Spectroscopy and Metabolomics for Early Breast Cancer Detection and Classification.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {e71861},
doi = {10.1002/cam4.71861},
pmid = {42226429},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {82503839//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer, now the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, necessitates early detection for improved clinical outcomes. Conventional histopathology, though widely used, is invasive and subjective, limiting its utility in early-stage diagnosis. Here, we integrated confocal Raman spectroscopy with metabolomics to analyze biochemical and morphological features of breast tissues, including normal, fibroadenoma, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Using spectral analysis and spectral unmixing, we mapped key biochemical components-proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids-across distinct tissue types. Cancerous tissues displayed heightened signals for proteins and nucleic acids but reduced lipids and carotenoids, reflecting profound metabolic alterations. Validation through metabolomic profiling revealed upregulated glycolytic and lipid synthesis pathways in tumor regions. Raman imaging further enabled precise classification of breast cancer subtypes, such as mucinous carcinoma and phyllodes tumors. These findings underscore the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive diagnostic modality for early detection and classification of breast cancer. The integration of Raman imaging with machine learning presents a promising avenue for advancing precision oncology.},
}

@article {pmid42227505,
year = {2026},
author = {Haddad, D and Shamir, SB and Baig, Z and Zhang, M and Sadinski, M and Bae, MS and Martinez, DF and Gibbs, P and Morris, EA and Sutton, EJ},
title = {Contralateral Breast Background Parenchymal Enhancement: A Physiologic Marker, not a Predictor of ER Status.},
journal = {Current medical imaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0115734056457319260515073941},
pmid = {42227505},
issn = {1573-4056},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast MRI, specifically background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), plays a crucial role in evaluating breast cancer risk and tumor biology. BPE, influenced by vascularity, permeability, and hormonal status, reflects the physiological state of the breast tissue. This study investigates the relationship between quantitative BPE in the contralateral, non-tumor breast and estrogen receptor (ER) status in early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), alongside factors like age, breast density, and menopausal status. It also compares quantitative BPE to qualitative BI-RADS assessments.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 233 women with pathologically confirmed early-stage IDC undergoing preoperative breast MRI. BPE was quantitatively assessed using MATLAB-based segmentation techniques, measuring initial, overall, late enhancement, and area under the enhancement curve (AUC). The data were compared to qualitative BI-RADS BPE categories (minimal, mild, moderate, marked). Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman's rank correlation and Kruskal-Wallis tests, with significance set at p<0.05.

RESULTS: Out of 233 patients, 187 (median age 49.6, range 43.1-57.3) had ER+ cancer, while the remaining 46 (median age 52.4, range 46.9-60.6) had early-stage ER- cancer. Significant correlation between quantitative BPE values and qualitative BPE categories was observed; specifically, increasing median values of BPE enhancement curve parameters (p<0.001) and mean values of the top 10% of pixels (p<0.02) were observed across qualitative BPE categories from minimal to marked BPE. Quantitative BPE was independent of breast density (p>0.11), while qualitative BPE was influenced by breast density, with an increase from minimal (median=0.33, IQR=0.21-0.41) compared with marked BPE (median=0.39, IQR=0.28-0.55) (p=0.04). Quantitative BPE values decreased with age and menopausal status (p<0.02). Quantitative BPE was not associated with ER status, even when stratified by age.

DISCUSSION: The study found that quantitative BPE of the contralateral breast increased across qualitative BI-RADS BPE categories, independent of breast density, and decreased with age and post-menopausal status, but did not distinguish ER+ from ER- cancers. Published literature demonstrates age and hormone-associated effects on BPE, whereas the correlations with molecular subtype, cancer risk, and treatment response are not clear, highlighting its potential and limitations as a biomarker.

CONCLUSION: While BPE reflects hormonal influences, its role in predicting tumor ER expression in early-stage cancer is limited. However, it provides a reproducible method for assessing breast tissue physiology, with potential utility in evaluating treatment response and hormonal effects. Furthermore, the study also delineates the need for larger, multicenter investigations to explore BPE's potential as a complementary biomarker for breast cancer characterization and treatment response.},
}

@article {pmid42219227,
year = {2026},
author = {Smolle, MA and Wenzl, FA and Laitinen, MK and Jeys, LM and , and Leithner, A and Abdul Bari, Y and Abood, A and Abraham, J and Acosta, M and Agarwal, R and Agarwal, M and Ajit Singh, V and Akiyama, T and Al Farii, H and Aldosari Omar, A and Alfaro, P and Aljuhani, W and Allison, D and Almashahedi, M and Alotaibi, A and Alpan, B and Alshaygy Ibrahim, S and Althunayan, T and Andreani, L and Andreou, D and Andriandi, A and Annabell, L and Aponte-Tinao, L and Armas, S and Aston, W and Aycan Osman, E and Baad-Hansen, T and Baird, C and Balach, T and Barriga Juan, A and Barry, J and Basile, G and Bastoni, S and Basuki Mohammad, H and Bauer, H and Bayliss, L and Becker, R and Bedi, A and Benevenia, J and Bengoa, F and Berger, C and Bernthal, N and Binitie, O and Bird, JE and Bobseit, A and Bodian, C and Boffano, M and Bonilla Huertas, P and Botello, E and Boyle, R and Bramer, J and Broekhuis, D and Broida, SE and Brown, D and Budny, T and Burke, Z and Cabrolier, J and Calvo Haro Jose, A and Campanacci, DA and Cardoso, R and Carey Smith, R and Casales Fresenga, N and Ceballos, O and Chan Chung, M and Chan, L and Choong, P and Chrobok, A and Chung, YG and Ciechanowicz, D and Clara-Altamirano Miguel, A and Consuegra, L and Courtot, L and Crawford, B and Cribb, G and Cuervo-Lozano Carlos, E and Dammerer, D and de la Rosa, P and De Paolis, M and De Santos de la Fuente Francisco, J and de Vaal, M and Deisenhofer, J and Delgado, J and Deo, S and Deventer, N and Di Bella, C and Dierselhuis, E and Domson, G and Donati, DM and Duran-Ciarrochi, R and Durr Hans, R and Ebeid, W and Ehlers, P and El Ghoneimy Ahmed, M and El Motassime, A and Eloi Pinto Fabio, F and Endo, M and Epstein, G and Eralp, L and Etaiwi, M and Eward, W and Fabbri, N and Faimali, M and Farooq, A and Farooque, K and Ferguson, P and Ferreira, N and Fiorenza, F and Fonseca de Freitas, J and Forsberg Jonathan, A and Fuchs, B and Fujiwara, T and Funovics Philipp, T and Fuzy, E and Galli Serra, M and Gamie, Z and Garcia Carrasco, M and Gaston Czar, L and Georges, B and Ghert, M and Ghert, M and Ghosh, K and Giardina Fabio, L and Gomez Mier Luis, C and Gomez-Mascard, A and Gomez-Sierra, MA and Goodman Mthethwa, P and Gortzak, Y and Goulding, K and Gracia, I and Green, N and Griffin, A and Guedes, A and Gulia, A and Gupta, S and Guzman, M and Hardes, J and Hasan Yusuf, O and Havard, H and Haydon, R and Hegde, P and Hernandez Lopez, A and Herrera, D and Hesla, A and Hess, M and Hilton, T and Hirschmann, A and Hobusch, G and Hongsaprabhas, C and Hornicek, F and Hosking, K and Houdek, MT and Hsu, M and Idowu, O and Idulhaq, M and Ippolito, J and Iwata, S and Jagiello, J and Jeys, L and Johan, MP and Johnson, L and Johnston, A and Joo Min, W and Jutte, P and Jääskeläinen, AS and Kaldas, K and Kapanci, B and Karaca Mustafa, O and Kawai, A and Kemp, A and Khal Adyb-, A and Khan, Z and Khan Zainab, A and Kim, HS and Klopper, S and Kobayashi, E and Kobayashi, H and Kontogeorgakos, V and Kotrych, D and Krishnamurthy Anjan, V and Kunisada, T and Kurisunkal, V and Kyte, R and Laitinen, M and Laubscher, M and Lazarides, A and Le Nail, LR and Lee Francis, Y and Legosz, P and Lehner, B and Leithner, A and Leone, G and Lewis Valerae, O and Li, B and Liikanen, H and Lin, P and Linda, Z and Lindsay, S and Lozano Calderon, S and Lutomia Lumbasi, M and MacDonald, J and Malina, M and Marais, L and Mascard, E and Mattei, JC and McCullough, L and McMahon, S and Medellin Rincon Manuel, R and Mediavilla Santos, L and Meijer, D and Meijer Johannes, G and Miller, B and Molloy, A and Moriel Garcesco Diego, J and Morris, G and Morris Carol, D and Morse-Sanyal, A and Mottard, S and Munir Hashim, A and Murcia, M and Müller, M and Nakayama, R and Narhari, P and Nasar, A and Nayak, P and Neugebauer, J and Nieminen, J and Ntombela, P and Nystrom, L and O'Toole, G and Ogura, K and Oliveira, V and Olivier, A and Omar, M and Omran Hasan, Y and Ortiz-Cruz, E and Ozaki, S and Ozaki, T and Pala, E and Palmerini, E and Panchwagh, Y and Papagelopoulos, P and Papagelopoulos, D and Paraliticci, G and Gibbs C, P and Parry, M and Peiró, A and Perera, J and Petersen, MM and Phakathi, O and Phimolsarnti, R and Phiri, T and Pinto Santander, N and Ploegmakers, J and Pollock, R and Powell, G and Pruthi, M and Puhaindran, M and Puri, A and Quirion, J and Rabin, E and Rachbauer, A and Radhakrishnan, S and Raja, A and Rajalbandi, R and Rajani, R and Rajasekaran Raja, B and Rajkovic, S and Ramkumar, D and Rankin, K and Ras El Abiad Mejia, A and Rasappan, K and Redl, M and Rose Peter, S and Rosenberg, A and Ruggieri, P and Russell, M and Salcedo, G and Saleh, A and Sambri, A and Saputra Rhyan, D and Scanferia, R and Scharschmidt, T and Schubert, T and Scoccianti, G and Segura, F and Sellevold, S and Rajasekaran, S and Shehadeh, A and Shreemal, B and Shumelinsky, F and Siddiqi Muhammad, A and Silveri, C and Sinnaeve, F and Smolle, MA and Snyman, F and Solomons, M and Sommerville, S and Sood Sahil, S and Spense Mariel, E and Spiegel, C and Spiguel, A and Staals, E and Stavropoulos, N and Steadman, P and Stern, S and Stevenson, J and Stoppiello, P and Sullivan Mikaela, H and Szostakowski, B and Szostakowski, B and Tang, X and Thippesamy Pushpa, B and Thorkildsen, J and Tootsi, K and Torner Rubies, F and Tosyali, K and Traub, F and Trent Jonathan, C and Trikoupis, I and Tsagkozis, P and Tuntarattanapong, P and Ullah, F and Ulrich, MN and Vainio, VM and Valencia, J and van de Sande, M and Van Der Geest, I and van der Wal, R and Velez Villa, R and Verbeke, L and Verspoor Floortje, GM and Versteeg, A and Vicatos, G and Virk Jagandeep, S and Visgauss, J and Vyrva, O and Wafa, H and Wan Faisham Numan Wan, I and Wang Patrick, Q and Wei, R and Wennergren, D and Werier, J and Weschenfelder, W and Williams, N and Wunder, J and Yildiz Huseyin, Y and Yonamine, E and Yonezawa, H and Yousuf, M and Zainul Abidin, S and Zamora, T and Zuckerman, L and Zumarraga Juan, P and Özger, H and Özkan, K and Triganjananun, C and Aguirre, M and Alaqeel, M and Alaseem, A and Alexander, K and Ardelt, M and Baeza, P and Banse, X and Franks, D and Baydar, S and Doshi, A and Bruschi, A and Buist, M and Busse, T and Carrasco, M and Castan, A and Chang, L and Charoenlap, C and Chaustre, F and Chin, J and Pate, M and Olson, D and Cornu, O and Farris, C and de, L and Demir, E and Docquier, PL and Duivenvoorden, M and Farman, U and Flint, M and García-Huidobro, G and Gazendam, A and Golovina, Y and Gomez M Luis, C and González-Browne, C and Gonzalez-Saldivar, JC and González-Motta, A and Gosheger, G and Gouin, F and Graydon, A and Hesham, A and Hohensteiner, A and Igbinoba, B and Joyce, D and Letson, D and Tepper, S and Jung, B and Jungels, C and Jutte, W and Khan Zainab, A and Khaouam, N and Krebbekx, G and Lacroix, V and Lee, J and Lee, M and Machado, P and Majirija, E and Malyk, R and Mthethwa Phakamani, G and Muñoz-Montecinos, C and Quirland, C and Ramirez, M and O'Reilly-Harbidge, S and Oktayana, MD and Olusunmade, O and Pang, G and Stubbe, C and Parizzia, W and Pinheiro, R and Prabowo, Y and Ramkumar Dipak, B and Rizzo, A and Samy, A and Sánchez-Maldonado, M and Sundin, N and Suntaxi, B and Tandon, N and Terrarossa, B and Trullols, L and Tsoi, K and Zaghloul, A},
title = {Complications of PI to PIII hemipelvic resections for intermediate and malignant tumours : a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Bone & joint open},
volume = {7},
number = {6},
pages = {713-723},
pmid = {42219227},
issn = {2633-1462},
abstract = {AIMS: Surgical management of intermediate and malignant tumours in the pelvis is complex. Complications are frequent and either related to the surgery itself or to post-surgical failure of the reconstruction technique. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims at analyzing all reported complications following PI to PIII pelvic resections for intermediate and malignant tumours.

METHODS: Based on a systematic literature search on PubMed adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, 1,683 study records were identified, of which we included 90 original studies published until 22 July 2025. Overall complication rates were assessed with random-effects meta-analysis. Differences in complication rates between reconstruction types (i.e. megaprosthetic, mostly biological, none) were evaluated with meta regression analysis.

RESULTS: Data on 2,199 patients (1,250 males (57%)) with mainly PI to PIII pelvic resections were analyzed. The most common reconstruction types were custom-made implants (21%; n = 451) and ice-cream cone prostheses (14%; n = 312). Pooled rates of infections, wound healing problems, nerve injuries, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) amounted to 15% (95% CI 12% to 18%), 13% (95% CI 10% to 15%), 7% (95% CI 5% to 9%), and 4% (95% CI 2% to 6%), respectively. Further, pooled implant revision/removal and secondary external hemipelvectomy rates were 14% (95% CI 11% to 17%) and 4% (95% CI 3% to 5%). Mostly biological reconstructions were associated with higher rates of nerve injuries (p < 0.001), construct failures (p = 0.010), and secondary implant revision/removal (p = 0.003) compared to megaprosthetic reconstruction. Further, biological reconstructions were associated with increased secondary external hemipelvectomy rates compared to megaprosthetic reconstructions (p = 0.005) or no reconstructions (p = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Treatment of pelvic malignancies is challenging, with technically demanding resections and complex reconstructions. Across all reconstruction techniques following sacrum-sparing pelvic resections, infections and wound healing problems are the most common complications, yet there is also a considerable proportion of patients with neurovascular complications and DVTs.},
}

@article {pmid42220707,
year = {2026},
author = {Jain, R and Jain, A and Saumya, },
title = {Immunohistochemical Expression of Vimentin in Breast Carcinoma and Its Correlation With Histopathological Prognostic Factors.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {e107767},
pmid = {42220707},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vimentin is a mesenchymal intermediate filament protein and an important marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which has been implicated in tumor invasion, progression, and aggressive biological behavior in breast carcinoma. Its expression in invasive breast carcinoma may correlate with established pathological prognostic factors and thereby provide additional prognostic information.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the expression of vimentin in invasive breast carcinoma of female patients and to determine its correlation with markers associated with adverse histopathological features.

METHODOLOGY: This retrospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 70 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, not otherwise specified (IDC-NOS), were included. Histopathological evaluation was performed on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, and tumor grading was done according to the Modified Bloom-Richardson grading system. Tumor size and lymph node status were categorized according to standard pathological criteria. Immunohistochemical staining for vimentin was performed on representative paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Vimentin expression was assessed as positive or negative based on cytoplasmic staining in invasive tumor cells.

RESULTS: Vimentin expression was observed in 17 of 70 cases (24.28%). An increasing trend of vimentin positivity was seen with increasing tumor size, with positivity in 0 of 3 cases (0.0%) in tumors measuring ≤2 cm, 5 of 28 cases (17.85%) in tumors measuring >2 to ≤5 cm, and 12 of 39 cases (30.76%) in tumors measuring >5 cm. Vimentin positivity also increased with nodal involvement and was seen in 4 of 32 node-negative tumors (12.50%), 3 of 17 N1 tumors (17.64%), 8 of 18 N2 tumors (44.44%), and 2 of 3 N3 tumors (66.66%), although the association was not statistically significant (p = 0.06). A strong association was observed with histological grade: none of the Grade I tumors [0 of 19 cases (0.0%)] were positive, whereas positivity was present in 7 of 38 Grade II tumors (18.42%) and 10 of 13 Grade III tumors (76.92%).

CONCLUSIONS: Vimentin expression in invasive breast carcinoma is associated with adverse pathological features, particularly larger tumor size, higher nodal burden, and most strongly, higher histological grade. Its marked expression in poorly differentiated tumors suggests that vimentin may serve as a useful adjunct prognostic marker of aggressive tumor biology in invasive breast carcinoma.},
}

@article {pmid42220808,
year = {2026},
author = {Yamaoka, A and Nishino, T and Saito, R and Komatsu, K and Mikuni, N},
title = {Incidental Detection of a Small, Non-spiculated Breast Cancer During Preoperative Evaluation for an Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm With Gradual Enlargement Over 16 Years: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {e107905},
pmid = {42220808},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {In older patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms that have been followed over long periods, careful assessment of operative tolerance and comorbidities becomes an important component of treatment decision-making. Although cross-sectional imaging performed for procedural planning may occasionally reveal extracranial incidental findings, neurosurgical evaluation is typically focused on intracranial pathology. We report a case of an asymptomatic, small, non-spiculated breast cancer incidentally detected during preoperative evaluation for a middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm that had demonstrated gradual enlargement over 16 years. A woman in her 70s was diagnosed with an unruptured cerebral aneurysm at the bifurcation of the right MCA during routine brain screening. Serial magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) demonstrated a gradual increase in aneurysm height, with the development of blebs, prompting surgical intervention. To determine the appropriate treatment strategy, head computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed. Given the potential for endovascular therapy, whole-body computed tomography (CT) was additionally performed to assess the feasibility of vascular access. This imaging incidentally revealed a 1.0-cm, well-circumscribed, non-spiculated mass in the right breast. Subsequent mammography, ultrasonography, and core needle biopsy confirmed estrogen receptor-positive invasive ductal carcinoma. The aneurysm was treated first with microsurgical clipping, followed by breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant therapy. The postoperative course was uneventful, and no recurrence of either condition was observed at one-year follow-up. In postmenopausal women with aneurysms that gradually enlarge over many years, careful attention to extracranial regions on available imaging becomes particularly important, as clinically relevant disease can arise silently during long-term surveillance. Systematic evaluation of extracranial regions on preoperative imaging may influence both treatment planning and overall patient management.},
}

@article {pmid42221240,
year = {2026},
author = {Shojaee, L and Shakeriastani, K and Amraji, EH},
title = {Gross Margin Examination or Frozen Section in Women Who are Candidates for Breast-Conserving Surgery.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {1107-1113},
pmid = {42221240},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {Breast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, making optimal treatment approaches like breast-conserving surgery (BCS) critically important. Gross margin examination (GME) serves as a valuable intraoperative technique to achieve tumor-free margins-a fundamental objective of BCS. This practical method offers multiple advantages, including reduced reoperation rates, shorter surgical duration, and lower healthcare costs compared to frozen section analysis. In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 172 women with palpable tumors eligible for BCS through gradual sampling. Margin assessment incorporated dual verification: intraoperative visual and manual evaluation by surgeons to identify tumor-free margins, and final pathological confirmation. We additionally evaluated operative duration, cost reduction, and reoperation rates. All analyses were performed using STATA software (version 14). The cohort demonstrated a predominance of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC, 69.2%), with GME showing excellent performance for this subtype (sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 96%). Overall, GME exhibited moderate sensitivity (45%) but high specificity (95%) compared to final pathology, with positive and negative predictive values of 59% and 92% respectively. Notably, the use of intraoperative frozen tissue section excision significantly reduced operative time. Our results support GME as an effective margin assessment method in BCS candidates. The technique demonstrates particular strength in IDC cases while offering the practical benefits of reduced surgical duration and healthcare costs. These findings suggest GME represents a viable alternative to more resource-intensive margin evaluation approaches, especially in settings with limited pathology support. Excision of frozen tissue sections during surgery significantly reduces operative duration.},
}

@article {pmid42221254,
year = {2026},
author = {Maghsoudi, LH and Assarian, A and Assarian, B and Pourriahi, R},
title = {Migration of Preoperative Breast Localization Wire: A Case Report.},
journal = {Indian journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {1114-1117},
pmid = {42221254},
issn = {0975-7651},
abstract = {In this case report, we present a rare occurrence of wire migration to the pectoralis muscle in the axillary region. A 49-year-old woman with a biopsy-proven left breast invasive ductal carcinoma underwent wire localization prior to surgery; however, the procedure was delayed due to cardiac evaluation, during which the wire migrated. The wire was eventually found embedded in the pectoralis muscle and successfully removed under ultrasound guidance by an interventional radiologist. This case highlights the need for vigilance and preparedness for unexpected wire migrations during breast localization procedures. It underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between radiologists, surgeons, and interventional specialists to address such complications effectively. The successful wire removal procedure performed by the interventional radiologist demonstrates the value of utilizing advanced imaging techniques for precise localization and retrieval of migrated wires. By presenting this unique case, we contribute to the existing literature on wire localization and its potential complications.},
}

@article {pmid42221593,
year = {2026},
author = {Kivuyo, N and Misidai, M and Kitua, D and Chibwae, A and Bakari, R and Akoko, L},
title = {Male breast cancer: experience from a quaternary hospital in Tanzania.},
journal = {The Pan African medical journal},
volume = {53},
number = {},
pages = {149},
pmid = {42221593},
issn = {1937-8688},
mesh = {Humans ; Tanzania ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/therapy/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Mastectomy/methods/statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Aged ; Adult ; Cohort Studies ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/epidemiology/therapy ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical/methods/statistics & numerical data ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/epidemiology/therapy ; Survival Rate ; Neoplasm Staging ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: male breast cancer (MBC) is rare, but its incidence is increasing globally. In sub-Saharan Africa, breast cancer care has primarily focused on women, creating a gap in understanding MBC outcomes. This study aimed to examine the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of MBC patients at Tanzania´s National Hospital.

METHODS: this retrospective cohort study, conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital, included male patients aged 18 years and above with histologically confirmed breast cancer diagnosed between January 2018 and December 2024. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from treatment records and presented as frequencies, proportions, and means. Survival status, obtained from case notes or patient/next-of-kin interviews, was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS: fifty-six MBC patients were identified, with a mean age of 60.6 ± 12.9 years. Most patients (71.1%) had T4 disease, and 26.8% had metastasis, primarily pulmonary (73%). Invasive ductal carcinoma accounted for 83.9% of cases. The most common molecular subtype was Luminal A (61.8%), followed by triple negative (20%). Nearly all patients (97%) underwent surgery, with modified radical mastectomy and simple mastectomy performed in 48% and 45%, respectively. Over 60% of patients treated with curative intent had recurrence within 15 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 11.2%.

CONCLUSION: advanced disease presentation was common among MBC patients, corresponding to poor overall survival. Additionally, early disease progression was noted among those treated with curative intent. These findings underscore gaps in healthcare-seeking behavior, screening, and referral systems. Addressing these challenges and optimizing treatment protocols are crucial for improving outcomes.},
}

Humans
Tanzania
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology/therapy/epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
*Mastectomy/methods/statistics & numerical data
Male
Aged
Adult
Cohort Studies
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/epidemiology/therapy
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Mastectomy, Modified Radical/methods/statistics & numerical data
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/epidemiology/therapy
Survival Rate
Neoplasm Staging

@article {pmid42205778,
year = {2026},
author = {Yadav, A and Banerjee, A and Roy, D},
title = {Differential role of beta band activity in a dual-task working memory paradigm under internally vs. externally directed cognition.},
journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {1791453},
pmid = {42205778},
issn = {1662-5161},
abstract = {Internally directed cognition (IDC), whether spontaneous or intentional, has been associated with impaired performance in cognitive tasks. Yet, the neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning this disruption remain poorly understood. In the present study, we characterized the neural correlates of IDC and identified how they impact on performance in a color-recall working memory task using electroencephalography (EEG). Participants performed a novel dual-task paradigm involving either self-referential (IDC) or perceptual processing of adjectives, involving externally directed cognition (EDC) followed by a color-recall task. IDC enhanced late frontal positivity in EEG over medial-frontal electrodes as a marker of sustained self-referential processing. Time-frequency analyses further revealed increased event-related desynchronization in alpha and beta bands during stimulus encoding in the IDC condition, as well as increased alpha synchronization during the delay period, consistent with internal attention maintenance. To capture trial-level variability in task performance, we applied conditional quantile regression to individual trial-level observations. Results showed that beta desynchronization in interaction with condition type during encoding influenced performance significantly in trials with low errors, whereas trials with high error in color recall were better explained by increased reaction times. These findings provide converging electrophysiological evidence for distinct neural signatures of internally directed cognition and highlight their behavioral consequences in working memory performance.},
}

@article {pmid42201432,
year = {2026},
author = {Fengfu, C and Hua, X and Chen, X and Liu, M and Chen, A and Wan, B and Sun, H and Liang, H and Du, S and Xie, DH},
title = {Association between allostatic load and risk of breast carcinoma in situ in the UK biobank.},
journal = {Cancer causes & control : CCC},
volume = {37},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {42201432},
issn = {1573-7225},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology/etiology ; Middle Aged ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; *Allostasis/physiology ; Aged ; Adult ; *Breast Carcinoma In Situ/epidemiology/pathology/etiology ; Risk Factors ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; UK Biobank ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The association between allostatic load (AL) and breast carcinoma in situ (BCIS) remains unclear. We investigated this relationship in the UK Biobank while also assessing its role in invasive breast cancer (IDC) for comparison.

METHODS: Using data from the UK Biobank, we included 159,240 women (40-69 years). AL was derived from 12 biomarkers. Cox proportional hazards models, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and time-dependent ROC curves were used to assess associations with BCIS and IDC.

RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 13.65 years, 1,320 BCIS and 7,197 IDC cases occurred. In fully adjusted models, AL was not associated with BCIS (HR per 1-point increase = 1.004; 95% CI: 0.966-1.042; p  = 0.854). RCS confirmed no non-linear relationship (p = 0.605). Conversely, AL was significantly associated with IDC (HR = 1.018; 95% CI: 1.002-1.035; p  = 0.026), indicating a 1.8% increased risk per unit increase. Predictive utility was minimal (AUC < 0.58), and sensitivity analyses using quintile-based AL scoring validated these findings.

CONCLUSION: While AL is an independent risk factor for IDC, it shows no association with BCIS. These findings suggest that the biological drivers of in-situ lesions differ from those of invasive progression, highlighting AL as an etiologic factor for malignancy rather than a screening tool for early-stage localization.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology/etiology
Middle Aged
United Kingdom/epidemiology
*Allostasis/physiology
Aged
Adult
*Breast Carcinoma In Situ/epidemiology/pathology/etiology
Risk Factors
Biological Specimen Banks
Biomarkers, Tumor
UK Biobank

@article {pmid42186108,
year = {2026},
author = {Csaky, WL and Coombe, AH and Kruse, M},
title = {Invasive lobular carcinoma: Shining a light on the second most prevalent type of breast cancer.},
journal = {The Nurse practitioner},
volume = {51},
number = {6},
pages = {26-32},
doi = {10.1097/01.NPR.0000000000000442},
pmid = {42186108},
issn = {1538-8662},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/nursing/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology/nursing/pathology ; Prevalence ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology/pathology/nursing ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer affecting women. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common type of breast cancer behind invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Historically, breast cancer research has studied IDC and ILC together, although the pathophysiology differs. This article highlights the differences between ILC and IDC.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/nursing/pathology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/epidemiology/nursing/pathology
Prevalence
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/epidemiology/pathology/nursing

@article {pmid42192900,
year = {2026},
author = {Asai, K and Hasebe, T and Ohara, M and Hirasaki, M and Matsuura, K and Ishiguro, H and Osaki, A and Saeki, T},
title = {Compartment-Specific CD138 Expression Defines an Aggressive Breast Cancer Phenotype with Distinct Transcriptomic Features.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18101539},
pmid = {42192900},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {05D107//Hidaka Project (2023)/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: CD138 (syndecan-1) is a cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan involved in cell-matrix interactions and growth factor signaling, and it has been implicated in tumor progression. However, the clinical significance of compartment-specific CD138 expression in breast cancer remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the prognostic and transcriptomic features of compartment-specific CD138 expression in invasive breast cancer. Methods: We performed an integrated analysis of immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing of 111 invasive ductal carcinoma specimens. Tumors were classified into four groups according to CD138 expression in the tumor and stromal compartments. Clinicopathological data and survival outcomes were obtained from medical records, and transcriptomic profiles were analyzed using RNA sequencing. Results: The tumor-positive/stroma-negative phenotype (Group 1) was associated with poorer recurrence-free survival than the other phenotypes. According to multivariable Cox regression analysis, Group 1 remained an independent prognostic factor after adjustment for age, lymph node status, and Ki-67 index (hazard ratio, 5.493; p = 0.0028). Group 1 was also associated with lymph node metastasis and HER2 expression. All brain metastases occurred in Group 1, although the number of events was low. Transcriptomic profiling identified the upregulation of small nucleolar RNAs in Group 1 tumors, with the enrichment of pathways related to ribosome biogenesis, RNA processing, and translational regulation. Conclusions: Compartment-specific CD138 expression identifies an aggressive breast cancer phenotype with distinct transcriptomic features. This phenotype may have prognostic value and warrants validation using larger, independent cohorts.},
}

@article {pmid42194941,
year = {2026},
author = {Alsaleh, N and Alduraywish, S and Arafah, MA and Maghdi, SA and Alghamdi, M and Alrammah, T},
title = {Breast Cancer Patterns in Saudi Arabia (2007-2022): A Nationwide Cancer Registry Surveillance Study.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15103983},
pmid = {42194941},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background: Population-based cancer registry surveillance is essential for monitoring breast cancer burden and guiding cancer control planning; however, national surveillance evidence from Saudi Arabia remains limited. Using the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR), we describe the distribution of age at diagnosis, geographic location, registry stage, histology, and grade among Saudi women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2007 and 2022. Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive study of all Saudi female breast cancer cases registered in the SCR from 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2022 (N = 40,755). Variables were coded according to SEER guidelines; STATA 16 was used for analyses. Results: The average age at diagnosis among 40,755 cases was 51.85 years. The highest case volume was from Makkah (25.5%), Riyadh (23.6%), and the Eastern Province (15.9%). The national age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) increased from 18.2 to 49.7 per 100,000 women between 2007 and 2022. Invasive ductal carcinoma (no special type) was the most common histology (76.7%). Overall, 42.7% of cases were localized, 36.5% regional, 14.2% distant, and 6.6% unstaged. Stage distribution differed significantly by age group (χ[2] = 98.1, p < 0.001) and by region (χ[2] = 312.6, p < 0.001). Conclusions: National cancer registry data show marked regional differences in breast cancer incidence and a persistent proportion of late-stage diagnoses. These findings may inform early detection planning and region-specific cancer control strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42197455,
year = {2026},
author = {Güler, M},
title = {Effects of the IAA-Producing Endophytic Bacillus spp. on the Growth of Hordeum vulgare L.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms14051069},
pmid = {42197455},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Endophytic bacteria are beneficial microbes that live within plant tissues and promote growth through nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and phytohormone production. Two endophytic isolates from bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) root were identified based on their morphology and biochemical properties using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Winter barley seeds were inoculated with two PGP (plant growth-promoting) bacterial strains (C-14 and C-27), previously characterized for indole-derived compound (IDC) production, and evaluated in a pot experiment with four treatments: Treatment A1 (C-14), Treatment A2 (C-27), Treatment A3 Consortium (C-14 + C-27), and Treatment A4 (non-inoculated control). The results indicated that root and stem lengths increased in plants inoculated with bacteria compared to the uninoculated control. Among treatments, A2 produced the greatest root and shoot lengths (17.23 and 26.2 cm), while A3 showed the lowest (15.8 and 21.5 cm). SPAD values also increased by 6%, 10%, and 3.2% in Treatments A1, A2, and A3, respectively. This study clearly demonstrated that the endophytic isolates (C-14 and C-27) obtained from bell pepper roots significantly enhanced the growth of barley due to their ability of IDC production, thereby offering a promising alternate to chemical fertilizers.},
}

@article {pmid42184254,
year = {2026},
author = {Alaukally, MNN and Ilyas, M and Oleiwi, TA},
title = {Fabrication and Testing of an Optically Controlled Microwave Sensor for Urea Level Detection in Urine.},
journal = {Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE},
volume = {},
number = {231},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3791/70483},
pmid = {42184254},
issn = {1940-087X},
mesh = {*Microwaves ; *Urea/urine ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Monitoring urea levels in urine is crucial for assessing renal function and hydration status. Current methods often rely on intrusive, costly, or time-consuming biochemical assays, which are not ideal for point-of-care or continuous monitoring. This protocol describes the fabrication and testing of a novel, low-cost, and highly sensitive microwave sensor designed for urea level detection. The sensor integrates a circular spiral inductor (CSI), an interdigital capacitor (IDC), and a light-dependent resistor (LDR) on an FR4 substrate, operating at a resonance frequency of 1.22 GHz. The key innovation is the optical control via the LDR, which, when exposed to a fixed light source through a urine sample, modulates the sensor's insertion loss (S21) in a linear and quantifiable manner relative to urea concentration. The design incorporates a back-loop trace and Hilbert fractal stubs to minimize diffraction effects and enhance impedance matching, thereby improving measurement accuracy. We detail the sensor's numerical simulation using CST Microwave Studio, its fabrication via chemical etching, and its experimental validation using human urine samples. The results demonstrate a consistent and repeatable shift in the S21 parameter with varying urea levels, confirmed by a neural network model for data classification. This sensor presents a promising tool for non-invasive, real-time biomedical diagnostics.},
}

*Microwaves
*Urea/urine
Humans

@article {pmid42176994,
year = {2026},
author = {Podany, P and Zhan, H and Colón-Cartagena, L and Ai, D and Du, J and Krishnamurti, U and Liang, Y},
title = {Histomorphologic analysis and clinical correlation of atypical apocrine lesions in breast pathology.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {175},
number = {},
pages = {106158},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106158},
pmid = {42176994},
issn = {1532-8392},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Apocrine change is common in breast pathology, yet atypical apocrine lesions remain poorly defined and diagnostically challenging. This study aimed to clarify the terminology of atypical apocrine proliferations and assess their clinical significance by correlating histologic features with clinical outcomes.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 59 specimens initially diagnosed as atypical apocrine adenosis (AAA) or atypical apocrine hyperplasia (AAH), including apocrine atypical ductal hyperplasia, from 2014 to 2024. Cases with coexisting in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma were excluded. Histologic features and clinical follow-up data were reviewed.

RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between AAA and AAH with respect to patient age, lesional size, most architectural patterns, lobular involvement, nuclear features, necrosis, calcifications, or carcinoma upstaging on subsequent excision. Cribriform architecture was significantly more frequent in AAH than AAA (63% vs. 33%, p = 0.047). Lesions upstaged to in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma demonstrated a significantly larger extent of atypia on biopsy (1.3 cm vs. 0.8 cm, p = 0.043), higher frequencies of marked nuclear enlargement (≥3-fold compared with background epithelium; 92% vs. 54%, p = 0.027), nuclear irregularity (54% vs. 17%, p = 0.028), and necrosis (23% vs. 0%, p = 0.037). Lesional extent, nuclear irregularity, and necrosis were independently associated with carcinoma upstaging (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Cribriform architecture supports classification as AAH, though AAA and AAH show no significant clinical differences. Marked nuclear enlargement, nuclear irregularity, and necrosis in larger atypical apocrine lesions are strongly associated with carcinoma upstaging and should prompt consideration of apocrine DCIS.},
}

@article {pmid42178602,
year = {2026},
author = {Hirata, Y and Nakaguro, M and Tsukamoto, R and Jimbo, N and Itoh, T},
title = {Oncocytic Intraductal Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland With the BRAF p.V600E Variant.},
journal = {Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cyt.70085},
pmid = {42178602},
issn = {1365-2303},
abstract = {Oncocytic intraductal carcinoma (IDC) is a rare subtype of salivary IDC characterized by an oncocytic cell proliferation surrounded by a p63-positive myoepithelial rim. We presented a case of oncocytic IDC: a 70s-year-old male with a swelling in the right parotid gland. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed complex papillary cell clusters with an abundant granular cytoplasm and a small number of myoepithelial cells. The cytologic features corresponded to the histological features of oncocytic IDC. The oncocytic cells were positive for S-100, mammaglobin, anti-mitochondrial antibody, and BRAF V600E. Sanger sequencing further confirmed BRAF p.V600E variant. Because a definite preoperative cytological diagnosis of oncocytic IDC is challenging, ancillary tests using cell blocks can aid in the diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid42179715,
year = {2026},
author = {Mathan, PJ and Gandhirajan, K and Bose, JC and Arumugam, S and Manivasagam, P and Kamaldeen, S},
title = {Endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate DIEP flap reconstruction following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for multifocal HER2-positive breast cancer: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of surgical case reports},
volume = {2026},
number = {5},
pages = {rjag344},
pmid = {42179715},
issn = {2042-8812},
abstract = {Endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy (E-NSM) is a minimally invasive approach that enables oncologically sound breast resection whilst minimizing visible scarring. Its application following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), particularly in combination with immediate autologous reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, remains infrequently reported. We describe a 38-year-old woman with multifocal HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast who achieved an excellent clinical and radiological response to HER2-directed neoadjuvant chemotherapy. She subsequently underwent E-NSM through a single axillary incision with intraoperative retroareolar frozen section assessment, followed by immediate DIEP flap reconstruction. Final histopathology demonstrated a pathological complete response (ypT0 ypN0; RCB-0). The postoperative course was uneventful, with full nipple-areolar complex viability and a satisfactory aesthetic outcome. This case demonstrates the feasibility and safety of this combined approach in carefully selected patients.},
}

@article {pmid42179716,
year = {2026},
author = {Kruithoff, BC and Cox, D and Cripe, M},
title = {Indocyanine green focused near-infrared fluorescence lymphography localization in treatment of chyle leak after mastectomy with targeted left axillary sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer.},
journal = {Journal of surgical case reports},
volume = {2026},
number = {5},
pages = {rjag359},
pmid = {42179716},
issn = {2042-8812},
abstract = {We present a woman in her 60s who underwent bilateral mastectomy with left axillary targeted lymph node biopsy in the setting of high grade invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast with metastasis to a left axillary lymph node. Her postoperative course was complicated by high output milky drainage from her left axillary surgical drain, consistent with a chyle leak, after confirmatory testing demonstrated drain fluid with high triglyceride content. The patient failed non-operative management consisting of low-fat diet and compressive measures. Ultimately, the patient returned to the operating room where indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence lymphography was used to localized damaged lymphatic channels, which were then ligated to resolve the leak. This report outlines a unique identification method of an unusual complication and serves to inform breast surgeons who may encounter this complication.},
}

@article {pmid42180954,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, H and Zhang, L and Zeng, Y and Zhang, Y and Ye, Z},
title = {Magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics analysis: predicting vascular invasion in breast invasive ductal carcinoma using different machine learning models.},
journal = {Translational cancer research},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {282},
pmid = {42180954},
issn = {2219-6803},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an adverse prognostic factor; preoperative prediction by imaging is difficult, but radiomics extracts quantitative tumor biology features. Investigating the value of combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics features with multiple machine learning (ML) models in predicting LVI status in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 678 female patients with pathologically confirmed IDC of the breast was collected from June 2021 to June 2025. All patients underwent preoperative MRI. Based on postoperative pathology, patients were categorized into LVI-positive (n=258) and LVI-negative (n=420) groups. Using ITK-SNAP software, regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated in phase-3 dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI images to extract radiomics features. Feature selection and dimensionality reduction were performed using redundancy analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Data were randomly split into an 8:2 ratio for training (n=542) and testing (n=136) sets. Eight ML models were then constructed: logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest, extreme random trees (ExtraTrees), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Univariate and multivariate LR analyses were performed to screen clinical and radiological features for establishing clinical models. Concurrently, a combined model integrating radiomics features with clinical characteristics was developed. The discriminatory power of each model was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC). AUC values for the radiological model, clinical model, and combined model underwent statistical comparison via Delong's test. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was employed to assess their clinical utility.

RESULTS: A total of 1,197 radiomics features were extracted, and after dimensionality reduction, 23 features with the highest predictive value were selected. The clinical prediction model constructed based on multifactorial analysis results indicated that LVI positivity was more likely to occur in postmenopausal patients [odds ratio (OR) =1.690; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.174-2.433], those with higher histological grade (OR =1.527; 95% CI: 1.107-2.107), sentinel lymph node metastasis (OR =0.198; 95% CI: 0.137-0.285), distinct molecular subtypes (OR =0.740; 95% CI: 0.567-0.965), and MRI maximum diameter ≥2 cm (OR =2.059; 95% CI: 1.362-3.113). Among radiomics models, the XGBoost model demonstrated optimal performance with a training set AUC of 0.912 and a validation set AUC of 0.706. The combined model exhibited the highest discriminatory ability in the training set (AUC =0.956) and a validation set AUC of 0.778. DCA indicated the combined model provided higher clinical net benefit.

CONCLUSIONS: A combined model incorporating MRI radiomics features and clinical factors demonstrates predictive value for the presence or absence of LVI in IDC of the breast, serving as a reference for individualized treatment decisions.},
}

@article {pmid42182462,
year = {2026},
author = {Schueddig, E and Kochat, V and Arslan, E and Dallas, Y and Yang, P and Padron, W and Li, Z and Henry, R and Lin, J and Mattohti, M and Madan, R and Fields, T and Golem, S and Khan, SA and Wagner, JL and Larson, KE and Balanoff, C and Aripoli, A and Huppe, A and Winblad, O and Peterson, J and Hill, M and Smith, C and Jeffers, EJ and Kilgore, LJ and Zang, C and Wei, P and Navin, N and Fabian, C and Lewis, MT and Zhu, Q and Thompson, A and Godwin, AK and Koestler, DC and Rai, K and Behbod, F},
title = {Cellular stemness identifies high-risk ductal carcinoma in situ and offers a therapeutic interception opportunity.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.64898/2026.05.13.724882},
pmid = {42182462},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) exhibits substantial heterogeneity in its risk of progression to invasive breast cancer, yet the cellular and molecular determinants of high-risk lesions remain incompletely defined. Using spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of 43 patient-derived DCIS and DCIS/invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) samples, we delineate cellular programs, spatial organization, and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms associated with invasive potential. We identify an epithelial population with stemness features within luminal hormone-responsive (LumHR) cells that progressively expands from benign tissue to DCIS and IDC, and is strongly associated with invasive progression and recurrence-linked transcriptional programs. Spatial mapping reveals discrete DCIS niches enriched for stem-like LumHR cells, characterized by elevated CEACAM6 expression and enhanced ligand-receptor interactions, including CEACAM6-EGFR signaling between epithelial and stromal compartments, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages (APOC1 -positive) and perivascular cells. These niches define a microenvironmental context that supports stemness and invasive potential. Epigenomic analyses implicate FOXA1 as a key regulator of these stem-like transcriptional states. Pharmacologic disruption of FOXA1-regulatory network using LSD1 inhibition suppresses stemness-associated transcriptional programs in vitro and significantly restrains tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, these findings define high-risk DCIS as a stemness-driven disease embedded within specialized microenvironments, and identify associated regulatory networks as candidate biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities.},
}

@article {pmid42183989,
year = {2026},
author = {Hanafy, MM and Kamal, RM and Khater, SHSA and Kirollus, MMG and Moustafa, AFI},
title = {Patterns of positron emission mammography uptake by benign and malignant breast lesions: radiopathological correlation with malignant histopathological subtypes, histological grades, and molecular subtypes.},
journal = {Annals of nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42183989},
issn = {1864-6433},
abstract = {PURPOSE: In the new era of nuclear breast imaging, differentiating benign from malignant uptake in the breast is essential in guiding clinical management. Accordingly, we aimed to assess the pattern of PEM uptake in benign and malignant breast lesions and to investigate its correlation with different histopathological subtypes, histological tumor grades, and molecular subtypes.

METHODS: This was a prospective study comprised of 337 women with 465 breast lesions, of whom 128 patients had bilateral breast lesions. All patients performed Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) from March 2022 to February 2024. Any abnormality was evaluated qualitatively (mass and non-mass enhancement) and quantitatively (PUVmax and LTB ratio). The PEM readings were correlated with final pathology to differentiate benign from malignant lesions, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the discriminant ability of PUVmax and LTB ratio in distinguishing histopathological groups, histological grades, and molecular subtypes.

RESULTS: According to the final pathology, 330 (71%) lesions were malignant, and 135 (29%) were benign. The ROC curve analysis showed cutoff values of 1.92 and 3.145 for PUVmax and the LTB ratio, respectively, to discriminate between benign and malignant breast lesions. Significant differences in PUVmax and LTB ratio were detected between benign lesions and histopathological types, grades, and molecular malignant subtypes. The cutoff values for PUVmax and LTB ratio from benign were 1.81 and 3.165 for Ductal carcinoma in situ, 2.09 and 3.55 for invasive duct carcinoma (IDC) 1.62 and 2.8 for invasive lobular carcinoma,1.92 & 3.165 for grade I, 1.935 & 3.145 for grade II & III tumors, 1.92 and 3.145 for luminal molecular subtype, 1.95 and 3.45 for HER 2 subtype, and 2.28 and 4.27 for the triple-negative subtype respectively. The lesions with irregular shapes, uncircumscribed margins, and segmental non-mass distribution have higher PUVmax and LTB ratios.

CONCLUSIONS: PEM is a valuable imaging modality for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions. PEM may enable stratification of malignant lesions by histopathological subtype, tumour grade, and molecular subtypes. The highest metabolic activity was observed in invasive duct carcinoma, grade III, and the triple-negative molecular subtype. Overall, PEM can provide in vivo evaluation of breast lesion metabolic activity, leading to better lesion characterization and individualized patient management. However, due to methodological constraints, subgroup sample size, and radiation exposure, PEM should be regarded as an adjunct to sonomammography rather than a primary screening imaging modality.},
}

@article {pmid42174492,
year = {2026},
author = {Çelik, Ö and Özgül, H and Kulaksızoğlu, S and Öner, OZ and Karakaş, BR and Çakır, RC and Arslan Onuk, ZA and Bilge, U},
title = {New biomarker in the early diagnosis of breast cancer: adiponectin, asprosin, adropin, and resistin.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12885-026-16183-z},
pmid = {42174492},
issn = {1471-2407},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of breast cancer remains difficult despite advances in imaging because false-positive and false-negative findings still occur. Circulating biomarkers reflecting metabolic and inflammatory changes may provide complementary information. Adiponectin, adropin, asprosin, and resistin have been suggested as candidates, yet their comparative diagnostic performance in breast cancer has not been adequately defined.

METHODS: This study included ninety women aged 18-60 years allocated to malignant breast cancer, benign breast disease, and healthy control groups (n = 30 each). All malignant cases were invasive ductal carcinoma. Serum adiponectin, adropin, asprosin, and resistin concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Group comparisons used parametric or non-parametric tests as appropriate. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis, optimal cut-off values by the Youden index. When appropriate, post hoc pairwise comparisons were performed following overall group comparisons to identify between-group differences.

RESULTS: Adiponectin levels were significantly lower, whereas adropin, asprosin, and resistin levels were significantly higher in malignant cases than in benign disease and controls (all p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed good to excellent discrimination for adropin (AUC 0.893), asprosin (AUC 0.906), and resistin (AUC 0.908), while adiponectin demonstrated moderate accuracy (AUC 0.786). Adropin, asprosin, and resistin correlated strongly with each other and showed moderate relationships with tumor size and stage; adiponectin displayed weaker correlations.

CONCLUSION: Adropin, asprosin, and resistin show promising diagnostic value for early breast cancer and outperform adiponectin. These biomarkers may complement imaging in clinical evaluation, although larger prospective studies are needed to confirm clinical applicability and to establish standardized thresholds for routine clinical practice across diverse patient populations.},
}

@article {pmid42175825,
year = {2026},
author = {Gurav, M and Shetty, O and Joshi, S and Gulia, S and Chaubal, R and Gupta, S and Shet, T},
title = {Establishment and Molecular Characterization of a Short-Term Primary Culture Derived From Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast.},
journal = {Cell biology international},
volume = {50},
number = {6},
pages = {e70167},
doi = {10.1002/cbin.70167},
pmid = {42175825},
issn = {1095-8355},
support = {//Institutional Ethics Committee of Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics ; Middle Aged ; *Primary Cell Culture/methods ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Aged ; },
abstract = {Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast, a rare and aggressive subtype, represents a unique morphology of reversed polarity with higher metastatic propensity. Due to the limited availability of experimental models, understanding distinct molecular pathways and potential therapeutic targets remains challenging. This study aimed to establish patient-derived cell cultures (PDCs) from IMPC to generate viable models for in-vitro studies. Tissue samples from five IMPC cases were enzymatically disaggregated using five different cell disaggregation protocols. These cells were characterized using immunofluorescence, short tandem repeats profiling, and real-time assays for tumor marker expression profiles. RNA sequencing was performed and compared with invasive ductal carcinoma, no special type (IDC-NST), to study differential gene expression and cell polarity markers. Two short-term PDCs were successfully established from IMPC samples with an optimized collagenase-based protocol. These cultures showed an immunohistochemical profile consistent with the original tumor tissues and maintained hormone receptor and MUC1 expression status. RNA sequencing of PDCs revealed similar gene expression patterns with matched tumor tissue and revealed upregulated RAP1, MAPK, and PI3K-AKT pathways, when compared with ER/PR-matched IDC. These PDCs also showed different gene expression patterns in cell-polarity associated genes, such as cadherins CDH2, tight junction gene MARVELD2, PAR complex gene PARD6B, and downregulation of the cell polarity CRB2 gene. This study indicated the need for an optimization of cell culture conditions and the feasibility of establishing patient-derived cell cultures from IMPC. These models provide a great tool to study molecular insights, cell polarity, and therapeutic research in a rare breast cancer subtype.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/metabolism
Female
*Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology/genetics/metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics
Middle Aged
*Primary Cell Culture/methods
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/genetics/metabolism
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Aged

@article {pmid42159767,
year = {2026},
author = {Kemna, MM and Aris-Meijer, JL and Verhagen, AAE and Teunissen, SCCM and Engel, M and Kars, MC},
title = {Interdisciplinary collaboration in pediatric palliative care: a qualitative study on barriers and facilitators as perceived by parents and healthcare professionals.},
journal = {European journal of pediatrics},
volume = {185},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {42159767},
issn = {1432-1076},
mesh = {Humans ; *Palliative Care/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; *Parents/psychology ; Female ; Child ; Male ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; *Patient Care Team/organization & administration ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Professional-Family Relations ; Cooperative Behavior ; *Interdisciplinary Communication ; Interviews as Topic ; Infant ; Pediatrics ; Adult ; Adolescent ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Pediatric palliative care (PPC) requires involvement of various healthcare professionals (HCPs) across home and hospital settings to address the complex needs of children and families. Interdisciplinary collaboration (IDC) among HCPs and parents is crucial for the coordination, continuation, and quality of PPC. Yet, IDC remains difficult to achieve in practice. We aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to IDC in PPC as experienced by expert parents and HCPs in order to strengthen PPC. An exploratory multiple-case study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Cases consisted of (non-)bereaved parents of a child qualifying for PPC and their involved HCPs. Data was thematically analyzed using the QUAGOL method. Nine cases, representing nine children, were included, comprising interviews with 14 parents and 39 HCPs. Barriers and facilitators to IDC were context-dependent and spanned seven domains: network, interdependence, goals of care, roles and tasks, added value, responsibility, and urgency. IDC typically developed slowly after diagnosis due to barriers such as negative perceptions on collaborative partners or IDC. Collaboration intensified during crisis and the terminal phase due to facilitators such as awareness of being a network.

CONCLUSION:  IDC in PPC cases is best understood as occurring in situational care networks (SCNs): temporary, child-specific constellations of parents and fluctuating non-standard and transmural collaborating HCPs. This conceptualization exposes vulnerabilities, but also opportunities of support and complementary HCP expertise in PPC collaboration. Early initiation of SCNs seems to better strengthen structural IDC than reactive reliance on parental coordination or crisis-driven senses in PPC.

WHAT IS KNOWN: • Interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals and parents is crucial for coordination, continuation, and quality of pediatric palliative care. • Parents and healthcare professionals report challenges regarding collaboration in pediatric palliative care.

WHAT IS NEW: • Besides facilitators and barriers in interpersonal interactions, individual attitudes and perceptions affect interdisciplinary collaboration in pediatric palliative care. • Conceptualizing collaboration as situational care networks of non-standard, transmural collaboration between healthcare professionals and parents may strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration.},
}

Humans
*Palliative Care/psychology
Qualitative Research
*Parents/psychology
Female
Child
Male
*Attitude of Health Personnel
*Patient Care Team/organization & administration
*Health Personnel/psychology
Child, Preschool
Professional-Family Relations
Cooperative Behavior
*Interdisciplinary Communication
Interviews as Topic
Infant
Pediatrics
Adult
Adolescent

@article {pmid42162424,
year = {2026},
author = {Kaltenecker, D and Horvath, I and Al-Maskari, R and Chen, Y and Kolabas, ZI and Hoeher, L and Todorov, M and Minde, DP and Kapoor, S and Turhan, SG and Kuemmerle, LB and Steinke, H and Wohlgemuth, T and Ali, M and Kofler, F and Morigny, P and Geppert, J and Jeridi, D and Wittmann, B and Luo, J and Shit, S and Cigankova, C and Kolenic, VM and Gür, N and Aydeniz, E and Yücecan, A and Ertürk, M and Simons, LHA and Pan, C and Piraud, M and Rueckert, D and Rohm, M and Hellal, F and Elsner, M and Bhatia, HS and Bechmann, I and Menze, BH and Herzig, S and Paetzold, JC and Diaz, MB and Ertürk, A},
title = {A deep-learning framework reveals whole-body perturbations at cell level.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42162424},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {Many diseases, including obesity, have systemic effects that perturb multiple organ systems throughout the body[1,2]. However, tools for comprehensive, high-resolution analysis of disease-associated changes at the whole-body scale have been lacking. Here we developed MouseMapper, a suite of foundation-model-based deep-learning algorithms enabling multi-system analysis of disease across the entire mouse body. MouseMapper enables whole-body quantitative analysis of nerves and immune cells, resolving fine axonal branches and immune-cell clusters while automatically segmenting 31 organs and tissues. We used MouseMapper to study diet-induced obesity, and identified structural alterations of the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal ganglia. This structural impairment in infraorbital nerves was associated with functional sensory deficits in whisker sensing. Furthermore, we identified proteomic changes in the trigeminal ganglion affecting axon remodelling and complement pathways both in mice and humans. MouseMapper also generated detailed three-dimensional inflammation maps by characterizing immune cell cluster compositions across tissues. The MouseMapper framework demonstrates robust generalizability across different imaging resolutions and datasets. Our study provides a powerful, scalable approach for identifying and quantifying systemic pathologies, bridging molecular insights from animal models to human conditions.},
}

@article {pmid42163683,
year = {2026},
author = {Abbas, FF and Kamil, S and Khan, N and Shahid, R and Kamil, N and Ghazi Haider, M and Ali, R},
title = {Integrated Histopathological and Molecular Classification of Breast Cancer Using Immunohistochemistry (ER, PR, HER2) and KI-67.},
journal = {Current molecular medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0115665240451765260424052126},
pmid = {42163683},
issn = {1875-5666},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Molecular classification of breast cancer based on Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), and Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2 (HER2) expression has improved therapeutic decision-making; however, accurate differentiation between luminal subtypes remains challenging. The Ki-67 proliferation index is a valuable biomarker for assessing tumor aggressiveness and guiding treatment strategies. This study aimed to determine the frequency of molecular subtypes in breast cancer biopsies and evaluate their association with clinicopathologic parameters.

METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Histopathology Section of the Dow Diagnostic Research and Referral Laboratory (DDRRL), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, from January to December 2024. A total of 913 breast cancer biopsy specimens were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67. Tumors were classified into Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2- enriched, and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Ethical approval was obtained from the DUHS Institutional Review Board (IRB-3423/DUHS/Approval/2024/93).

RESULTS: Among 913 patients, middle-aged adults [41-60 years] were most commonly affected. Luminal A [41%] was the predominant subtype, and invasive ductal carcinoma was the most frequent histological pattern. Molecular subtypes showed significant associations with tumor grade, histology, and laterality, with TNBC exhibiting a higher frequency of Grade III tumors.

DISCUSSION: Luminal A tumors were predominantly Grade II and hormone receptor- positive, whereas TNBC demonstrated higher grades and aggressive behavior. An inverse relationship between ER/PR and HER2 expression was observed. High Ki-67 index correlated with higher tumor grade and ER/PR negativity.

CONCLUSION: Combined histopathological and molecular classification provides important prognostic information and supports individualized breast cancer management.},
}

@article {pmid42164201,
year = {2026},
author = {Patel, R and Khan, F and Brahamane, AK and Chhipa, O},
title = {Cross-Sectional Study to Compare Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy vs. Complete Axillary Lymph Node Dissection for the Evaluation of Lymph Node Metastasis in Females With Locally Advanced Breast Carcinoma Post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {e107344},
pmid = {42164201},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background Accurate axillary staging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in locally advanced breast cancer is essential for treatment planning. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) offers a less morbid alternative to complete axillary lymph node dissection (CALND), but its diagnostic performance after NACT requires evaluation. Aim To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, specifically the sensitivity and false-negative rate, of SLNB compared to CALND in identifying residual axillary metastasis among females with locally advanced breast carcinoma who achieve a clinically node-negative (cN0) status following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a tertiary care setting. Materials and methods This prospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based observational study was conducted over one year at a tertiary care teaching hospital in central India. Forty-five consenting females (≥18 years) with cytologically or histologically proven locally advanced breast cancer, who were clinically node-negative after NACT, underwent intraoperative dye-guided SLNB with lower axillary sampling followed by completion axillary lymph node dissection. Histopathology from SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) specimens was compared. Diagnostic indices (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and accuracy) were calculated using ALND as the reference standard. Results Among 45 subjects, 64.44% were younger than 50 years, and tumors were more often left-sided (60.0%). Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most common histologic type (64.4%), and no residual tumor (NRT) was reported in 24.4% of patients. Mean tumor size was 2.15 ± 1.00 cm. SLNB was positive in 18 cases and negative in 27 cases; remaining axillary nodes were positive in 11 and negative in 34 subjects. SLNB demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.89%, specificity of 72.22%, false-negative rate of 11.11%, false-positive rate of 27.77%, positive predictive value of 44.44%, negative predictive value of 96.30%, and overall accuracy of 75.56%. Conclusion SLNB showed high sensitivity and a very high negative predictive value as compared with CALND for post-NACT axillary evaluation in clinically node-negative locally advanced breast cancer. The present findings support SLNB as a preliminary and hypothesis-generating alternative to CALND in the post-NACT setting for clinically node-negative LABC in resource-limited settings, while emphasizing that careful patient selection and adherence to best-practice technical standards are essential to maintain diagnostic reliability.},
}

@article {pmid42166521,
year = {2026},
author = {Tokura, M and Nakayama, J and Suzuki, H and Ochi, M and Umemori, M and Shiino, S and Yoshida, M and Takayama, S and Yatabe, Y and Yamamoto, Y},
title = {Spatial Transcriptomics and Bulk RNA-Seq Analysis Revealed Molecular Classification of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.},
journal = {Cancer science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cas.70413},
pmid = {42166521},
issn = {1349-7006},
support = {JP256f0137008//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; 23K06665//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 21H02721//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; //MSD Life Sciences Foundation, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation/ ; 23812437//New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization/ ; //Kanzawa Medical Research Foundation/ ; //Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute/ ; //Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research/ ; //Takeda Science Foundation/ ; //SGH Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a special type of breast cancer. The histological subtypes of ILC exhibit diverse morphological features, and the prognosis differs accordingly. Compared with patients with classic-ILC (C-ILC), patients with pleomorphic-ILC (P-ILC) have a worse prognosis, owing to high-grade nuclear atypia and mitotic cells. However, the molecular differences between C-ILC and P-ILC remain unclear. To address this gap, we performed spatial transcriptomic profiling on four fresh-frozen C-ILC samples and four fresh-frozen P-ILC samples, followed by confirmation of reproducibility in bulk RNA-seq datasets. We identified significant enrichment of cellular response to heat stress in P-ILC. Furthermore, molecular clustering analysis using genes differentially expressed across ILC samples in spatial transcriptome revealed that ILC has three molecular subtypes: proliferative (PR), immunoreactive (IM), and stroma-rich (ST), associated with distinct prognostic outcomes. Although these molecular subtypes did not completely correspond to C-ILC or P-ILC, PR tended to include P-ILC, and ST tended to include C-ILC. These molecular clusters exhibited features comparable to previously reported subtypes. Despite these phenotypic features, ILC is generally treated similarly to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), with limited consideration of molecular subtype classification. Our findings suggest that molecular profiling may more accurately reflect prognosis than conventional histological classification and may provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.},
}

@article {pmid42168377,
year = {2026},
author = {Al-Khafiz, KMF and Kartini, R and Tanty, RHM and Farhana, F and Izza, RF and Ng, KH and Aishah, MTN and Wong, JHD},
title = {Apparent diffusion coefficient and intravoxel incoherent motion-derived true diffusion serve as early non-contrast longitudinal biomarkers of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-51568-x},
pmid = {42168377},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {Grant code: RP008D-13HTM//University of Malaya/ ; Grant code: RP008D-13HTM//University of Malaya/ ; FRGS/1/2019/SKK03/UM/01/1//Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)/ ; FRGS/1/2019/SKK03/UM/01/1//Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)/ ; },
abstract = {Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) frequently requires neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and early, non-contrast imaging biomarkers are of increasing clinical interest for monitoring treatment response. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI provide quantitative measures of tumour microstructure without gadolinium administration. To evaluate whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and true diffusion (Dt) derived from IVIM can serve as early non-contrast imaging biomarkers of NAC response in patients with LABC. Fourteen women with biopsy-proven LABC underwent MRI at baseline (T0), after the first NAC cycle (T1), and after the third cycle (T2). ADC was calculated from b = 0 and 1000 s/mm[2], while Dt, Dp, and f were obtained using a full bi-exponential IVIM model incorporating all b-values (0-1000 s/mm[2]). Only four patients completed all three MRI timepoints. Tumour diameter and diffusion parameters were compared across time. At baseline, ADC and Dt were significantly lower in malignant lesions compared with contralateral fibroglandular tissue (p < 0.01). Following NAC, mean tumour ADC increased by 27.2% at T1 and 39.5% at T2, accompanied by progressive tumour size reduction (50.9% at T2). Dt demonstrated a similar upward trend. Perfusion-related IVIM parameters (Dp and f) showed no consistent differences. ROC analysis demonstrated high discriminatory performance of ADC for differentiating invasive ductal carcinoma from normal tissue (AUC = 1.00), although this finding must be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size. ADC and Dt showed early increases following NAC that paralleled reductions in tumour size, supporting their potential as practical, contrast-free imaging biomarkers of treatment-related microstructural changes. However, the limited number of complete longitudinal datasets (n = 4) and the pilot nature of the study require cautious interpretation. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.},
}

@article {pmid42155479,
year = {2026},
author = {Fernández Brillet, C and Thomas, WM and Mueller, KN and Roberts, DC and Graham, CJC and Lehar, MY and Della Santina, CC and Fridman, GY},
title = {Vestibular peripheral function remains robust after two weeks of continuous ionic direct current stimulation.},
journal = {Journal of neural engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/1741-2552/ae6ff3},
pmid = {42155479},
issn = {1741-2552},
abstract = {Conventional neural prostheses use brief charge-balanced pulses to minimize the risk of electrode polarization and irreversible electrochemistry at the electrode-electrolyte interface, constraining the waveforms that can be delivered long-term. Direct current (DC) stimulation has shown advantages, such as direct excitation and inhibition of tissue, but prior in vivo reports have been largely limited to acute durations. This study explores the physiological and histological effects of prolonged DC stimulation at amplitudes effective for neuromodulation while isolating tissue from the electrode-electrolyte interface. Approach: We developed a separated interface nerve electrode (SINE) device for long-term ionic direct current (iDC) stimulation in free-roaming rodents. Using our device, we applied 14 days of continuous iDC targeting the vestibular periphery in nine chinchillas. We measured vestibulo-ocular reflex responses to iDC before and after stimulation. Postmortem, we performed a histological comparison of stimulated ears and implanted but unstimulated controls. Main results: All chinchillas retained robust vestibular reflex function after 14 days of continuous iDC at up to 30 µA. Histological exam found no differences associated with iDC stimulation between the stimulated ears and the implanted but unstimulated ears. Significance: Decoupling the metal-electrolyte interface from the target tissue enables prolonged delivery of iDC at amplitudes effective for neuromodulation without causing a loss of physiologic responses or histologic signs of structural damage. .},
}

@article {pmid42157146,
year = {2026},
author = {Lima, ADN and Millen, EC and Cavalcante, FP and Zerwes, FP and Mattar, A and Antonini, M and Kraft, MBPL and de Alencar, AFO and Queiroz Germano, A and Torres, DP and Goulart Carneiro, E and de Lima, CFF and Torresan, RZ and Brenelli, FP and Lichtenfels, M and Bines, J and Frasson, AL},
title = {Reoperation rates following breast-conserving surgery in a contemporary cohort.},
journal = {BMC surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12893-026-03812-4},
pmid = {42157146},
issn = {1471-2482},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by adjuvant radiotherapy is the standard of care for early-stage breast cancer. However, reoperations after BCS may compromise aesthetic outcomes, increase surgical complications, and cause psychological distress. This study aimed to determine the reoperation rate after BCS in a multi-institutional cohort from Brazil and to identify predictive factors associated with reoperation.

METHODS: This retrospective multicenter cohort study included female breast cancer patients (AJCC clinical stage 0-III) who underwent BCS followed by adjuvant radiotherapy at six treatment centers in Brazil between January 2016 and December 2022. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between potential risk factors and reoperation.

RESULTS: The overall reoperation rate was 5.2%, with a higher rate in the public hospital (9.9%) than in private hospitals (4.8%). Patients had a mean age of 58.2 years, with 70.5% aged over 50; 58.3% were White, and 89.8% were treated in private settings. The most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (67.0%), with AJCC stage I (49.3%) and hormone receptor-positive tumors (54.6%) predominating. Logistic regression showed that ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was significantly associated with an increased risk of reoperation (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.08-5.76, p = 0.024), whereas the absence of multifocal tumors was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.98, p = 0.031).

CONCLUSION: Reoperation after BCS was infrequent in this cohort. DCIS was associated with an increased risk of reoperation, whereas the absence of multifocal disease was associated with a reduced risk. Higher reoperation rates observed in the public hospital should be interpreted with caution given the limited representation of this setting.},
}

@article {pmid42157433,
year = {2026},
author = {Rima, XY and Majumder, S and Patel, DS and Hu, C and Li, H and Huang, X and Nguyen, KT and Doon-Ralls, J and Nagaraj, CK and Hade, MD and Magaña, SM and Shankar, E and Zhang, X and Stover, DG and Ramaswamy, B and Reátegui, E},
title = {Multidimensional Cellular Micro-Compartments to Model Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Dormancy.},
journal = {Advanced healthcare materials},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e04981},
doi = {10.1002/adhm.202504981},
pmid = {42157433},
issn = {2192-2659},
support = {//U.S. National Institutes of Health/ ; UG3/UH3TR002884/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; U18TR003807/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; T32HL149637/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; P30CA016058/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; 1285320//Burroughs Wellcome Fund/ ; //President's Research Excellence Program at The Ohio State University/ ; //Translational Therapeutics Seed Award at The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center/ ; //W.K. Kellogg Foundation Postdoctoral Recruitment and Onboarding Supplement/ ; //Sigma Xi Grants in Aid of Research/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for 10-15% of breast cancers. Despite favorable responses to anti-estrogen therapy, the dissemination of cancer cells and resistance to therapies are significant risks for patients with ILC. Late recurrences are prevalent in ILC, suggesting that disseminated tumor cell (DTC) dormancy may be a mechanism preceding their late overt growth into metastatic lesions. Herein, we investigated the relationship between anti-estrogen resistance and dormancy through multidimensional, micro-compartmentalized in vitro models. The bioengineered platforms recapitulated the morphological characteristics of ILC and highlighted its distinction from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Inducing a reversible dormant phenotype revealed epigenetic changes and enhanced chemical and mechanical sensing of anti-estrogen-resistant ILC cells to the substrate surface, with p27[Kip1] signaling playing a central role. We propose this platform as a high-throughput method for investigating ILC dormancy and its manifestation using a simplified, expedited approach.},
}

@article {pmid42151694,
year = {2026},
author = {Liskiewicz, D and Novikoff, A and Khalil, A and Akindehin, S and Campbell, JE and Candela, P and Castelino, RL and Coupland, C and Culot, M and Dodson, WS and Douros, JD and Embring, H and Feuchtinger, A and Finan, B and Garcia-Caceres, C and Gao, XB and Gosselet, F and Grandl, G and Gutgesell, RM and Haas, DT and Jastroch, M and Karaoglu, E and Kakimoto, P and Kaltenbach, AC and Keuper, M and Kusminski, CM and Leander, DC and Liskiewicz, A and Liu, X and Maity-Kumar, G and Martinez, SM and Mowery, SA and Nogueiras, R and Paisley, M and Perez-Tilve, D and Petersen, PSS and Pfluger, PT and Prakash, S and Steffens, S and Cebrian-Serrano, A and Tost, M and Wean, J and Weber, C and Yoshida, J and Gerhart-Hines, Z and Horvath, TL and Scherer, PE and Seeley, RJ and DiMarchi, RD and Tschöp, MH and Krahmer, N and Knerr, PJ and Müller, TD},
title = {Publisher Correction: GLP-1R-GIPR-PPARα/γ/δ quintuple agonism corrects obesity and diabetes in mice.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-026-10619-z},
pmid = {42151694},
issn = {1476-4687},
}

@article {pmid42139905,
year = {2026},
author = {Balar, S and Joshi, E and Rawal, R and Saiyad, H and Haque, M and Desai, U},
title = {Multimodal molecular profiling of invasive ductal carcinoma: High concordance of qPCR with FISH in HER2 assessment and exomic landscape of high-risk subtypes.},
journal = {Pathology, research and practice},
volume = {284},
number = {},
pages = {156523},
doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2026.156523},
pmid = {42139905},
issn = {1618-0631},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Accurate evaluation of HER2 status is critical for the targeted management of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast; however, resolving equivocal immunohistochemistry (IHC) results remains a significant clinical challenge. This study aims to comparatively evaluate IHC, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for precise HER2 assessment, while mapping the broader genetic landscape of aggressive IDC subtypes using whole-exome sequencing (WES).

METHODS: We comprehensively analyzed 160 histopathologically confirmed IDC samples using IHC, FISH, and qPCR to evaluate hormone receptor and HER2 amplification status. Furthermore, targeted biomarker profiling (Androgen Receptor [AR] and Ki-67) and exploratory WES were performed on a high-risk subset of 10 HER2-positive (IHC 3 +) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases to identify underlying somatic mutations and structural variations.

RESULTS: qPCR demonstrated a high diagnostic concordance with gold-standard FISH for detecting HER2 gene amplification across all ASCO/CAP classification groups (sensitivity 96.4%, κ = 0.94; p < 0.05). Notably, qPCR successfully resolved the clinically ambiguous IHC 2 + cohort, identifying definitive HER2 amplification in 41.3% of these cases. Biomarker profiling identified AR expression within the TNBC cohort, suggesting the presence of the clinically actionable Luminal Androgen Receptor (LAR) subtype. Furthermore, exploratory genomic profiling via WES revealed profound intratumoral heterogeneity: TNBC samples frequently harbored pathogenic variants in TP53, BRCA1, and MYCN, whereas the HER2 3 + cohort exhibited prominent mutations in PAK1, CUL3, and TP53.

CONCLUSION: Our findings establish qPCR as a highly robust and accurate diagnostic adjunct for resolving clinically equivocal HER2 cases in IDC. Furthermore, while restricted to a limited exploratory subset, the integration of targeted genomic profiling identified complex mutational hubs driving aggressive breast cancer phenotypes. These hypothesis-generating insights provide a vital framework for bridging accurate diagnostic stratification with future precision oncology strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42147594,
year = {2026},
author = {Xanthopoulou, G and Barkolias, C and Theodorolea, K and Spyrou, I and Tasis, NP},
title = {Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma of the Breast Presenting 40 Years After Breast-Conserving Therapy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {e107037},
pmid = {42147594},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast-conserving surgery combined with radiotherapy has been established as a standard therapeutic option for the management of early-stage breast cancer. Although radiation-associated tumors most frequently include sarcomas, lung cancer, and contralateral breast carcinoma, lymphoid malignancies arising within previously irradiated breast tissue are rarely reported. Breast lymphoma is a rare entity, and its occurrence following prior treatment for breast cancer may pose a diagnostic challenge as it can mimic recurrence of the primary malignancy. We report a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the breast in an 88-year-old woman presenting approximately 40 years after breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy for invasive ductal carcinoma. The lesion was initially suspected to represent recurrent breast cancer based on clinical and imaging findings; however, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation confirmed lymphoma. Although the tumor arose within a previously irradiated field, a causal relationship with prior radiotherapy could be established and should be interpreted with caution. This case highlights the importance of considering alternative diagnoses in patients presenting with new breast lesions long after initial cancer treatment, particularly in elderly individuals.},
}

@article {pmid42148455,
year = {2026},
author = {Jimbo, K and Tsuji, T},
title = {A Case of Abscess Formation after Radiofrequency Ablation for Early Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42148455},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast-conserving surgery with whole-breast irradiation is the standard local treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Recently, less invasive approaches have gained attention with advances in imaging and ablative technologies. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) induces thermal coagulative necrosis and has been explored as a potential alternative for selected small breast tumors, with favorable oncological and cosmetic outcomes reported. However, data regarding infectious complications remain limited. Because RFA creates devitalized tissue, secondary infection and abscess formation may occur. We report a rare case of delayed abscess formation after breast RFA that required surgical management.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old woman with cT1bN0M0 invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast underwent RFA combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy. Adjuvant endocrine therapy and whole-breast irradiation were subsequently administered. Four months after RFA, MRI and vacuum-assisted biopsy confirmed complete tumor ablation. Six months after the procedure, the patient developed progressive swelling, erythema, and tenderness of the left breast. Despite systemic antibiotic therapy, symptoms persisted. Contrast-enhanced CT and ultrasonography revealed fluid accumulation within the ablation zone, consistent with abscess formation. Surgical incision and drainage with debridement were performed. The patient recovered gradually, and complete wound healing was achieved 2 months after the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case of delayed abscess formation following breast RFA that required surgical management. As RFA becomes more widely implemented, awareness of potential late infectious complications and prompt intervention are essential for ensuring patient safety.},
}

@article {pmid42150208,
year = {2026},
author = {Nazarli, S and Bircan, T and Bozkurt, SU and Dolek, R and Guclu, DG},
title = {Synchronous tumor-to-tumor metastasis of breast carcinoma to intracranial meningioma: illustrative case.},
journal = {Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons},
volume = {11},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3171/CASE26157},
pmid = {42150208},
issn = {2694-1902},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Tumor-to-tumor metastasis (TTM) is a rare pathological phenomenon that most frequently involves intracranial meningiomas as recipient tumors and breast carcinoma as donor malignancy. Despite this known association, synchronous diagnosis of both tumors during the same diagnostic workup is exceptionally uncommon.

OBSERVATIONS: A 70-year-old woman presented with progressive left lower extremity weakness and loss of smell. Neuroimaging revealed a right frontal extra-axial mass, initially interpreted as a metastatic lesion. Concurrent physical examination revealed an ulcerated mass in the right breast. Given her rapid neurological deterioration, surgical intervention was planned, and the patient underwent craniotomy with gross-total resection, along with a same-day biopsy of the breast lesion. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a meningioma harboring metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, confirming TTM. Postoperative systemic staging revealed widespread metastatic disease, which prompted the initiation of systemic oncological therapy.

LESSONS: TTM should not be regarded merely as a pathological curiosity but as a clinically relevant entity. Synchronous presentation, particularly in the setting of aggressive systemic disease, necessitates integrated surgical, pathological, and molecularly guided multidisciplinary decision-making to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE26157.},
}

@article {pmid42151560,
year = {2026},
author = {Kahounová, Z and Hrušková, M and Drápela, S and Naar, O and Víchová, R and Navrátil, J and Fabian, P and Kokáš, FZ and Hampl, A and Bouchal, J and Souček, K},
title = {Circulating tumour cell-derived xenograft as a preclinical platform for metastatic breast cancer.},
journal = {British journal of cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42151560},
issn = {1532-1827},
support = {Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5102//Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)/ ; Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5102//Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)/ ; NU21-08-00023//Agentura Pro Zdravotnický Výzkum České Republiky (Czech Health Research Council)/ ; NU21-08-00023//Agentura Pro Zdravotnický Výzkum České Republiky (Czech Health Research Council)/ ; NU21-08-00023//Agentura Pro Zdravotnický Výzkum České Republiky (Czech Health Research Council)/ ; MMCI 00209805//Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky (Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic)/ ; MMCI 00209805//Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky (Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are mediators of cancer dissemination and the formation of metastasis, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Experimental models derived from CTCs contribute to understanding the biology of CTCs, their role in dissemination, and the discovery of potential drugs targeting CTCs.

METHODS: A xenograft was derived from CTCs isolated from a patient diagnosed with metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. The characterisation of the CTCs-derived xenograft (CDX) was conducted through in vivo experimental metastatic assays, RNA-Seq, spectral flow cytometry, and drug sensitivity tests.

RESULTS: The CTCs-enriched fraction formed a CDX within 6 months, and its metastatic potential was confirmed. CDX cells were propagated in vitro, where the enrichment of CD44[+]/CD24[-] breast cancer stem cells was confirmed. An RNA-Seq-based comparison of CDX with the primary tumour from the same patient unravelled substantial changes in genes related to cell growth, metabolism, and extracellular signalling. CDX and in vitro cell culture showed sensitivity to carboplatin. A partial response was also observed for vandetanib, which was selected through in silico analysis of transcriptomic data.

CONCLUSIONS: We present and characterise a novel model derived from CTCs for understanding the plasticity and behaviour of CTCs and advanced breast cancer. CDX_IBP_01 was established from the CTC-enriched fraction obtained from the patient with progressing breast cancer. Once stably re-transplanted and growing in vivo, the transcriptomes of CDX and archived primary BCa1 samples were compared. 2D and 3D in vitro cell cultures were established from sorted human cancer cells from an in vivo xenograft. Phenotypes of established models and their stability were characterised using spectral flow cytometry. The metastatic potential of CDX was evaluated in an in vivo assay. Finally, the applicability of the established model for in vivo and in vitro drug screening was evaluated. Created in https://BioRender.com .},
}

@article {pmid42135779,
year = {2026},
author = {Abu Elnga, NE and Safina, MK and Shehata, MR and Ayoub, MT and Soliman, A},
title = {Reliability and oncological safety of pedicled skin island therapeutic mammoplasty as an alternative to Grisotti mastopexy for centrally located breast cancer patients.},
journal = {World journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12957-026-04399-z},
pmid = {42135779},
issn = {1477-7819},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Centrally located breast cancers (CLBC) involving the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) pose a significant challenge for breast-conserving surgery, often necessitating mastectomy. The Grisotti flap, while a valuable oncoplastic technique, has limitations in vascular reliability and applicability, especially post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We introduce a novel "Pedicled Skin Island Therapeutic Mammoplasty" (PSI-TM) as an alternative.

METHODS: This single-center retrospective study analyzed 23 consecutive patients with CLBC infiltrating or fixed to the NAC who underwent PSI-TM between April 2018 and June 2023. All patients had medium-to-large breast volumes (Cup C/D). Data on demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical outcomes, complications, aesthetic results, and oncological safety were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS: The cohort was predominantly premenopausal (82.6%) with invasive ductal carcinoma (87.0%). Most patients (73.9%) were treated post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The overall complication rate was 21.7% (5/23), all Clavien-Dindo Grade I-II, with no returns to the operating room. The combined ratings from the surgeon and independent observer were 'Good' or 'Very Good' in 73.9% of cases (17/23). Over a median follow-up of 50 months, there were no instances of positive margins, local recurrence, or distant metastasis.

CONCLUSION: PSI-TM is a feasible and safe oncoplastic technique for CLBC with NAC involvement. It may offer improved vascular security compared to the traditional Grisotti flap based on theoretical anatomical advantages, leading to low complication rates, excellent aesthetic results, and encouraging early oncological outcomes, even in a post-neoadjuvant setting.},
}

@article {pmid42138073,
year = {2026},
author = {Morigny, P and Ji, H and Cussonneau, L and Zorzato, S and Kwon, Y and Riols, F and Kaltenecker, D and Maier, A and Karthikaisamy, V and Corrà, S and Krauss, T and Seeliger, C and Gillani, SQ and Tissink, JJ and Lacas-Gervais, S and Samanci, TF and Maida, A and Terron-Exposito, R and Trinca, A and von Toerne, C and Nogara, L and Claussnitzer, M and Prokopchuk, O and Bachmann, J and Berriel Diaz, M and Bindels, LB and Kuda, O and Hauner, H and Haid, M and Herzig, S and Viscomi, CF and Gilleron, J and Zeigerer, A and Blaauw, B and Rohm, M},
title = {Inhibition of ceramide synthesis ameliorates body wasting in a cancer cachexia model.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {136},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1172/JCI194687},
pmid = {42138073},
issn = {1558-8238},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ceramides/biosynthesis/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics ; *Cachexia/metabolism/pathology/etiology/drug therapy/genetics ; Mice ; Male ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology ; Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/complications ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; },
abstract = {Cachexia is a metabolic wasting syndrome affecting many patients with cancer, with poor survival outcomes. Disturbed lipid metabolism is a hallmark of cachexia, and our previous work has identified increased levels of circulating ceramides, which are bioactive lipids with adverse effects in metabolic diseases, as biomarkers for cachexia in mouse models and patients. Here, we investigated the role of ceramides on cachexia development using the well-established C26 colon carcinoma model. We demonstrated that elevated ceramides in cachexia arose from increased liver synthesis. We showed that ceramides directly contributed to impaired mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis in cachexia target tissues. Targeting ceramide synthesis using miRNA interference, or myriocin, an approved compound targeting the key synthesis enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), improved markers of muscle atrophy in cachectic male mice. Importantly, we demonstrated that key enzymes involved in ceramide production were also elevated in livers, but not in other organs, of patients with cancer cachexia, correlating with disease severity. Our data place ceramides as contributors to metabolic dysfunction in cachexia and highlight the suitability of the ceramide synthesis pathway for therapeutic targeting.},
}

Animals
*Ceramides/biosynthesis/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics
*Cachexia/metabolism/pathology/etiology/drug therapy/genetics
Mice
Male
Humans
Liver/metabolism/pathology
Disease Models, Animal
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology
Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics
Cell Line, Tumor
*Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/complications
Mice, Inbred C57BL

@article {pmid42121358,
year = {2026},
author = {Qu, L and Li, J and Ding, S and Long, Q and Yi, W},
title = {Exploring key biomarkers associated with axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer using single-cell RNA sequencing and Mendelian randomization.},
journal = {The International journal of biological markers},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {3936155261443650},
doi = {10.1177/03936155261443650},
pmid = {42121358},
issn = {1724-6008},
abstract = {BackgroundAxillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) serves as a critical prognostic determinant in breast cancer, yet the molecular drivers governing lymphatic dissemination remain poorly characterized. Integrating single-cell transcriptomic profiling with Mendelian-randomization (MR)-based genetic prioritization may help reveal cell type-specific mechanisms underlying metastatic progression.MethodsWe analyzed the GSE195861 single-cell RNA sequencing dataset encompassing six invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) samples and paired ALNM specimens. t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding-based clustering and SingleR annotation delineated cellular heterogeneity, while differential expression analysis identified metastasis-associated genes in epithelial compartments. MR analysis employing five robust methods (inverse variance-weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, simple/weighted mode) integrated genome-wide association study data (GCST90018799) to establish causal gene-breast cancer associations. CellChat reconstructed ligand-receptor networks across nine annotated cell types.ResultsUnsupervised clustering resolved 27 cell clusters into nine lineages, revealing ALNM-specific expansion of monocytes, pre-B cells, and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Epithelial cells exhibited 2421 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IDC and ALNM, including 12 genes whose genetically predicted expression showed significant associations with breast cancer risk in MR analysis (P < 0.05). CD53 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.110, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.019-1.209, P = 0.017) and TCDD-inducible poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (TIPARP) (OR = 1.153, 95% CI = 1.032-1.288, P = 0.012) were prioritized as candidate genes, as their genetically predicted expression was associated with increased breast cancer risk in weighted median MR. Cell-cell communication analysis implicated macrophage-derived midkine-nucleolin signaling and B-cell-orchestrated macrophage migration inhibitory factor-(CD74 + CXCR4) axis in metastatic crosstalk. Functional enrichment linked DEGs to extracellular matrix remodeling and MAPK/PI3K-Akt activation.ConclusionThis multi-omics integration prioritizes CD53 and TIPARP as ALNM-associated candidate genes with genetically supported associations with breast cancer risk, with macrophage-epithelial and B-cell-HSC interactions serving as potential therapeutic targets. Our findings provide a roadmap for developing metastasis-interceptive strategies through precision targeting of the ALNM-associated tumor microenvironment.},
}

@article {pmid42131880,
year = {2026},
author = {Mapoko, BSE and Atenguena, E and Moun, ANN and Bell, ED and Tabola, L and Anaba, D and Sango, A and Tayou, R},
title = {Clinical, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of de novo metastatic breast cancer in Cameroon.},
journal = {Ecancermedicalscience},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {2092},
pmid = {42131880},
issn = {1754-6605},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The dilemma of the incurability of metastatic breast cancer has driven therapeutic advances aimed at prolonging survival. However, access to these innovative treatments remains a significant challenge in low-income countries. Consequently, a diagnosis of de novo metastatic breast cancer (dnMBC) may be perceived as a diagnosis of imminent death. We aimed to analyse the clinical, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of dnMBC in a Cameroonian context.

METHODOLOGY: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study with retrospective data collection from 116 patients with dnMBC followed in two cancer reference hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon, between 2020 and 2022. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25 and Excel 2019.

RESULTS: Of 1,006 confirmed breast cancer cases, 116 were dnMBC (prevalence: 11.53%). The mean age was 47.4 ± 12.1 years, and males accounted for 1.72% of the sample. Pathologically, the predominant subtype was invasive ductal carcinoma (92.2%; n = 83), with hormone-sensitive hormone receptor+/HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 - tumours being the most frequent among those with available immunohistochemistry (IHC) (58%; n = 18). The disease was often polymetastatic (69.8%), with the most common sites being the lungs (72.4%) and liver (40.5%). Treatments were mainly systemic (53.2%), sometimes combined with surgery (43%). The median overall survival was estimated at 24 months (95% CI = 14.21-33.78).

CONCLUSION: Survival outcomes for dnMBC remain poor, limited by the lack of full access to optimal care, including systematic IHC testing. A more effective multidisciplinary approach to the disease and the factors affecting survival is needed for optimal utilisation of available therapeutic regimens.},
}

@article {pmid42135205,
year = {2026},
author = {Schiebl, M and Trnková, P and Heilemann, G and Jindráková, M and Tögl, S and Georg, D and Lechner, W},
title = {A probabilistic framework for risk-bounded patient-specific quality assurance in volumetric modulated arc therapy based on measured and calculated gamma pass rates.},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur medizinische Physik},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.zemedi.2026.04.003},
pmid = {42135205},
issn = {1876-4436},
abstract = {This study introduces a probabilistic framework for patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), using gamma pass rates obtained from both measurement-based and independent calculation-based PSQA. The model quantifies the probability that treatment plans classified as acceptable by an independent dose calculation (IDC) algorithm would nevertheless fail measurement-based verification. This probability, referred to as the false omission rate, represents the residual risk of skipping measurements for plans classified as unproblematic by the calculation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated limited discriminative performance of the IDC, underscoring that reliance on calculation alone entails non-negligible miss probabilities. In a retrospective cohort of 1346 clinical VMAT plans across multiple anatomical sites, false omission rates ranged from below 1% in well-represented groups such as prostate to above 20% for sparsely represented treatment regions. Based on these empirically derived miss probabilities, the framework allows the definition of measurement intervals that constrain the cumulative probability of undetected plan failure below a predefined institutional threshold. In this way, PSQA strategies involving reduced measurement schedules for selected plans can be quantitatively assessed and constrained within explicit probabilistic safety limits. The proposed method is transparent, independent of complex machine learning models, and directly applicable to empirical QA datasets. By making the risk of undetected failure explicit and quantifiable, it enables structured, risk-informed PSQA policies grounded in defined safety constraints.},
}

@article {pmid42135608,
year = {2026},
author = {Dy, A and Lennerz, JK},
title = {Ki-67 as a Treatment Decision Modifier in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {The oncologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/oncolo/oyag183},
pmid = {42135608},
issn = {1549-490X},
abstract = {Ki-67 is widely used in breast cancer; however, the fraction of patients in whom it meaningfully alters treatment decisions is not well established. Using a guideline-based approach anchored in National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommendations (v2.2026), we identified clinical scenarios in which Ki-67 directly modifies adjuvant therapy decisions and estimated their prevalence using population-level data and complementary datasets, recognizing that fully annotated datasets capturing all relevant clinicopathological variables remain limited. A back-of-the-envelope model suggests that only a small fraction of patients meet the combined criteria of HR+/HER2- subtype, T2 stage, grade 2 histology, and Ki-67 ≥ 20%. This estimate, compared to population-scale (n = 117,990 patients) and curated datasets (n = 1,356 patients), indicates that the clinically relevant subset remains in the low single digits (3-5%). Ki-67 meaningfully impacts care only in specific decision settings, particularly near clinically relevant thresholds where small analytic variation may translate into treatment changes; outside these contexts, its routine use has limited evidence for clinical utility. Its application should therefore be selective, context-dependent, and focused on scenarios in which threshold-adjacent precision is clinically consequential.},
}

@article {pmid42120740,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, C and Liu, X and Wu, S and Lin, SX and Feldman, AS and Wu, CL and Dahl, DM},
title = {Cribriform/Intraductal carcinoma exhibits superior prognostic value over Gleason pattern 4 percentage and tertiary pattern 5 in Gleason pattern 4 prostate cancer.},
journal = {World journal of urology},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42120740},
issn = {1433-8726},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/surgery ; Neoplasm Grading ; Retrospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Prostatectomy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the absence of primary or secondary pattern 5, Gleason pattern 4 encompasses Gleason scores 3 + 4, 4 + 3, and 4 + 4 at radical prostatectomy (RP). The associated adverse pathological features, including Gleason pattern 4% (%GP4), cribriform/intraductal carcinoma (Crib/IDC), and tertiary pattern 5 (TP5), have become particularly important factors for improving postoperative risk stratification. However, few studies have simultaneously evaluated the prognostic significance of %GP4, Crib/IDC, and TP5 specifically within Gleason pattern 4 disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic significance of %GP4, Crib/IDC and TP5 for biochemical recurrence (BCR) and metastasis in RP patients with Gleason pattern 4 disease.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort of RP patients with Gleason pattern 4 disease was identified from 2008 to 2014 at Massachusetts General Hospital. Pathological variables included %GP4, Crib/IDC, and TP5. Patients were stratified by these features to assess their prognostic impact. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to evaluate their prognostic associations with BCR and metastasis.

RESULTS: Among 559 RP patients with Gleason pattern 4 disease, 55.1% had %GP4 ≥ 50%, 49.0% were Crib/IDC-positive, and 12.3% exhibited TP5, with these three variables exhibiting clear interrelationships. All three adverse morphological features were associated with significantly worse BCR-free survival and metastasis-free survival (log-rank P < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression, Crib/IDC demonstrated the strongest prognostic association, independently predicting an 80% increased risk of BCR (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.35-2.40) and 90% increased risk of metastasis (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.19-3.03). %GP4 remained a significant continuous predictor of both endpoints (HR 1.009 per 1% increase for BCR; HR 1.016 for metastasis), whereas TP5 retained significance as a predictor only for BCR (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.04-2.06) but not for metastasis (HR 1.31, P = 0.298).

CONCLUSION: %GP4, Crib/IDC, and TP5 were correlated and adverse features in RP patients with Gleason pattern 4 disease and were associated with worse oncologic outcomes. Crib/IDC demonstrated the strongest prognostic relevance, supporting consideration of standardized reporting beyond Gleason score alone.},
}

Humans
Male
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/surgery
Neoplasm Grading
Retrospective Studies
Prognosis
Middle Aged
Aged
Prostatectomy
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology

@article {pmid42115324,
year = {2026},
author = {Munari, E and Antonini, P and Cima, L and Polati, R and Caliò, A and Gobbo, STM and Colecchia, M and Netto, GJ and Antonelli, A and Bertolo, RG and Grisi, C and Litjens, G and Brunelli, M},
title = {The evolution of prostate cancer grading: from Gleason score to risk taxonomy and the artificial intelligence revolution.},
journal = {Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42115324},
issn = {1432-2307},
abstract = {Histopathological grading remains the cornerstone of risk stratification in prostate cancer, yet conventional Gleason-based assessment is limited by interobserver variability and by the biological heterogeneity concealed within Gleason pattern 4. This review examines the evolution of prostate cancer grading from the original Gleason system to contemporary Grade Groups and to newer morphology-based frameworks that seek to refine prognostic stratification. Particular attention is given to the distinction between patterns 3 and 4, which remains clinically pivotal but diagnostically challenging, especially in the setting of poorly formed glands. By contrast, cribriform architecture has emerged as one of the most reproducible and prognostically adverse components of pattern 4. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), which often overlaps morphologically and biologically with cribriform carcinoma, is similarly associated with aggressive disease and is now addressed within a more unified diagnostic and grading framework following the recent joint GUPS/ISUP recommendations. Outcome-based morphometric studies further suggest that a diameter threshold of approximately 0.25 mm can identify large cribriform glands with particularly adverse behavior, although standardization remains incomplete. These observations have contributed to the development of a risk-oriented taxonomy in which adverse architectural features may carry greater prognostic weight than numerical grade alone. Finally, we discuss how digital pathology and artificial intelligence are extending this conceptual shift by improving diagnostic reproducibility, enabling quantitative detection of cribriform morphology and supporting outcome-oriented histology-based risk prediction. Together, these developments suggest that prostate cancer grading is moving from a purely descriptive system toward a more integrated and biologically informed model of risk assessment.},
}

@article {pmid42117483,
year = {2026},
author = {Haq, MM and Benson, C and Kunz, M and Cheung, EYL},
title = {Unraveling myoepithelial cell plasticity in breast cancer: a transcriptomic approach.},
journal = {Journal of histotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1080/01478885.2026.2655881},
pmid = {42117483},
issn = {2046-0236},
abstract = {Myoepithelial cells (MECs) are integral to mammary gland physiology, classically serving a structural and tumor-suppressive role. While their function in normal breast tissue and ductal carcinoma in situ is well characterized, their behavior in human invasive breast cancer has not been previously examined. In this study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of MECs isolated from seven archived human breast cancer specimens, directly comparing them with MECs from adjacent normal tissue to define gene expression changes associated with invasive progression. The analysis revealed marked transcriptomic reprogramming across three key domains: extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cellular signaling. Notable findings include stromal remodeling characterized by overexpression of 17 distinct collagen genes; compromise of the basement membrane through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs 2, 9, 11, and 14); and dysregulation of epithelial markers (KRT5, KRT7, KRT14), consistent with a phenotypic shift toward a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-like state. In addition, increased expression of pro-tumorigenic mediators such as SPARC, POSTN, and integrin subunits was observed. Despite the limited sample size, these results indicate substantial molecular plasticity in MECs, suggesting a transition from a tumor-suppressive to a tumor-promoting phenotype during invasive disease. Overall, this study identifies a fundamental shift in myoepithelial identity and provides a critical framework for future investigations into the role of MEC plasticity in driving breast cancer progression.},
}

@article {pmid42107952,
year = {2026},
author = {Hassan, M and Al-Askeri, M},
title = {INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF ERΑ, TP53, AND PGR PROTEINS WITH MIR-372, MIR-373, AND MIR-519D DYSREGULATION IN FEMALE BREAST CANCER.},
journal = {Georgian medical news},
volume = {},
number = {372},
pages = {171-179},
pmid = {42107952},
issn = {1512-0112},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *MicroRNAs/genetics/blood ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/blood/pathology/diagnosis ; *Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics/blood ; *Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/blood ; Middle Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Receptors, Progesterone/genetics/blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood ; Adult ; ROC Curve ; Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women in the world and is one of the causes of mortality due to cancer. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PGR), as well as tumor suppressor protein TP53, are the hormone receptors that are of critical importance in tumor progression and response to treatment. There is emerging evidence that miRNAs (miR-372, miR-373 and miR-519d) have a role to play in breast cancer pathogenesis by post-transcriptionally regulating genes. Nevertheless, the joint analysis of these protein markers and miRNAs is not studied thoroughly.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate serum levels of ERα, TP53, and PGR proteins and assess the expression of miR-372, miR-373, and miR-519d in breast cancer patients compared with healthy controls, and to determine their diagnostic and clinicopathological significance.

METHODS: This case-control study included 53 female breast cancer patients and 25 healthy controls. Serum protein concentrations of ERα, TP53, and PGR were measured using sandwich ELISA. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and miRNA expression was quantified using RT-qPCR with the 2^-ΔΔCT method. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, including independent t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and ROC curve analysis. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.

RESULTS: ERα and TP53 levels in serum were extremely high in patients with breast cancer as compared to controls (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in PGR levels between the stage III and IV disease (p=0.01). Invasion ductal carcinoma (IDC) had significantly higher ERα levels than lobular carcinoma (p=0.03), whereas lobular carcinoma had significantly higher TP53 levels (p=0.05). The miR-372, miR-373 and miR-519d levels of expression were found significantly lower in the patients than in the controls (p<0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that ERα (AUC=0.99), TP53 (AUC=1.0) and PGR (AUC=0.98) had excellent diagnostic results, whereas miRNAs under study had inverse discriminatory performance. There was strong positive association between ERα, TP53 and PGR (p=0.001) as well as there was strong positive association between the miRNAs being studied (p=0.001). Interestingly, there were significant negative relationships between the level of proteins and the level of miRNA (p=0.001).

CONCLUSION: High levels of serum ERα, TP53 and PGR have a close correlation with the presence of breast cancer and its subtype variation and have high diagnostic specificity. The down regulation of miR-372, miR-373 and miR-519d may indicate a possible tumor-suppressive effect and regulatory interplay with hormone and tumor suppressor pathways. These results show that protein and miRNA biomarkers are both useful in relation to breast cancer diagnosis, and possibly in determining individual therapeutic approaches.},
}

Humans
Female
*MicroRNAs/genetics/blood
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/blood/pathology/diagnosis
*Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics/blood
*Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/blood
Middle Aged
Case-Control Studies
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Receptors, Progesterone/genetics/blood
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood
Adult
ROC Curve
Aged

@article {pmid42108880,
year = {2026},
author = {Okonogi, N and Karasawa, K and Murata, K and Omatsu, T and Murata, H and Wakatsuki, M and Ishikawa, H},
title = {Carbon-Ion Radiation Therapy as Nonsurgical Treatment for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: 5-Year Results From the Phase 2 Part of the First Prospective Clinical Trial.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {124},
number = {4},
pages = {971-976},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.10.020},
pmid = {42108880},
issn = {1879-355X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy/mortality/drug therapy/chemistry ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/radiotherapy/mortality/drug therapy/chemistry ; *Heavy Ion Radiotherapy/adverse effects/methods ; Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Disease-Free Survival ; Neoplasm Staging ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety, and cosmetic outcomes of carbon-ion radiation therapy (C-ion RT) as a nonsurgical treatment option for patients with early-stage breast cancer.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: This single-center, prospective phase 1/2 trial enrolled women aged ≥60 years with stage I (cT1N0M0), estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-negative invasive ductal carcinoma, ≤2 cm in diameter. Patients received C-ion RT at a total dose of 60 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 4 fractions, followed by adjuvant aromatase inhibitors. The primary endpoint was 5-year local control. Secondary endpoints included complete response (CR) rate, adverse events (AEs), cosmetic outcomes, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Imaging was used for evaluating tumor response, and follow-up was conducted for a median of 73 months.

RESULTS: Twelve patients were treated in the phase 2 component of the trial. The CR rate was 100%, with a median time to CR of 12 months (range, 4-36 months). The 5-year local control and disease-free survival rates were both 92%, and the overall survival rate was 100%. One case of in-field recurrence occurred in a patient with a high Ki-67 index. Acute grade 1 dermatitis was observed in 6 patients. No grade ≥2 acute AEs were reported. Regarding late AEs, grade 1 rib fractures (n = 2) and grade 1 mastitis-related pain (n = 3) were managed conservatively. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed subclinical pectoral muscle inflammation in 7 cases. All patients except one (who underwent mastectomy due to recurrence) maintained excellent cosmetic outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: C-ion RT demonstrated excellent long-term tumor control with minimal toxicity and favorable cosmetic outcomes in selected patients with early-stage breast cancer. These findings support its potential as a nonsurgical alternative for patients who are medically inoperable or decline surgery, warranting further investigation in larger, controlled trials.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy/mortality/drug therapy/chemistry
Middle Aged
Aged
Prospective Studies
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/radiotherapy/mortality/drug therapy/chemistry
*Heavy Ion Radiotherapy/adverse effects/methods
Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Disease-Free Survival
Neoplasm Staging
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid42110080,
year = {2026},
author = {Gumbs, S and Kwentoh, I and Atiku, ES and Donaldson, B},
title = {A Race Against Time: Endovascular Removal of an Intracardiac Foreign Body.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {e106718},
pmid = {42110080},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Endovascular foreign body fragmentation, migration, and embolization to the right heart is a rare and late complication of the central venous port systems. The MediPort (Bard Medsystems, Reading, Massachusetts, USA) device consists of a port chamber attached to a central catheter implanted into the central venous system and used in patients with cancer for the administration of chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, or blood transfusions. Interval radiologic survey, both intraoperatively and post-procedure, is crucial for investigating the possibility of both early and late complications, such as fracture and migration of the catheter, and for planning intervention. We detail a case of a 51-year-old woman with a background of estrogen receptor-positive invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast, status post lumpectomy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy via right subclavian vein MediPort, and beam radiation. She presented for the removal of the MediPort device following completion of chemotherapy. However, intraoperatively, the catheter was noted to be 9 cm shorter in length, with an irregular tip, appearing incomplete from the original length, indicating fragmentation. Chest X-ray demonstrated a fractured catheter approximately 9 cm in length coursing from the right atrium to the right ventricle from its original tip at the distal superior vena cava. Vascular surgery emergently completed intracardiac foreign body retrieval from the right heart using the Bard 30 mm loop snare catheter system successfully.},
}

@article {pmid42111276,
year = {2026},
author = {Jadhav, AR and Fong, BL and Schwartz, MR and Deavers, MT and Pandya, D and Kamat, AA},
title = {Rare extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the vulva: a case report.},
journal = {Gynecologic oncology reports},
volume = {65},
number = {},
pages = {102096},
pmid = {42111276},
issn = {2352-5789},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that originate outside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and share histologic and immunohistochemical features with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Occurrence in the vulva is exceptionally uncommon, with limited reports describing their clinical course and management. Recognition is critical due to potential for local recurrence and malignant behavior.

METHODS: We present the case of a 53-year-old woman with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who developed a recurrent vulvar mass. Clinical evaluation, imaging, surgical excision, and pathologic evaluation with immunohistochemistry were performed. Molecular testing guided clinical management.

RESULTS: Initial excision of a 4 cm left labial mass demonstrated a spindle cell neoplasm with strong immunoreactivity for c-KIT, DOG-1, and CD34; and negative immunostaining for other markers. Next-generation sequencing showed a KIT exon 11 mutation. Surgical margins were positive, and MRI revealed a recurrent perineal lesion without metastasis. GI workup including endoscopy and colonoscopy was negative. The patient subsequently underwent radical vulvar excision with partial anal sphincter excision, followed by sphincter repair with colorectal surgery and labial flap reconstruction with plastic surgery. Pathology confirmed vulvar EGIST with spindle cell morphology and diffuse c-KIT/DOG-1 positivity. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and was treated with adjuvant imatinib.

CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS: This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of vulvar EGISTs, an exceedingly rare entity that can mimic more common vulvar lesions. Comprehensive workup, wide excision with negative margins, and targeted therapy are essential. Increased awareness and reporting are needed to guide management.},
}

@article {pmid42100430,
year = {2026},
author = {Slocum, AK and Tastekin, D and Duraj, T and Seyfried, TN},
title = {Management of advanced HR-positive breast cancer using metabolically supported chemotherapy and repurposed drugs: a case report.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1795402},
pmid = {42100430},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer is largely incurable once resistance to conventional treatments occurs. Emerging evidence suggests that progression free and overall survival can improve by targeting the distinct metabolic phenotype of cancer cells (Warburg effect). We report a durable response in a patient with advanced metastatic breast cancer treated with a multimodal "press-pulse" metabolic strategy.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old female from Torino, Italy presented with Stage IV (cT4N1M1) invasive ductal carcinoma (HR+/HER2-, grade 3) with extensive osseous and lymph node metastases, poor performance status (ECOG 3) and severe, debilitating pain. She underwent a combinatorial protocol at ChemoThermia Oncology Center (Istanbul, Turkey) comprising of Metabolically Supported Chemotherapy (MSCT) consisting of docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide administered following a 14-hour fast and low dose insulin-induced mild hypoglycemia, alongside a strict ketogenic diet (GKI < 2.0). Adjunctive therapies included local and whole-body hyperthermia, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), and a combination of repurposed drugs (metformin, aspirin, doxycycline, mebendazole, ivermectin, and famotidine) designed to target metabolic, inflammatory, and survival pathways.

RESULTS: This multimodal treatment protocol was well tolerated, and grade 3/4 adverse events were not observed. The patient noticed symptomatic improvement and functional recovery shortly following the onset of therapy. Follow-up PET-CT scan conducted at 3 months revealed reduced tumor burden. At 6 months, the patient was reported to have a near complete response with the resolution of active bone metastases. On a maintenance schedule, the patient remains in sustained remission as of January 2026, over three years following diagnosis, with a full return to normal daily activities (ECOG 0).

CONCLUSION: This case highlights the potential of a comprehensive metabolic approach to cancer treatment that combines therapeutic ketosis, metabolically supported chemotherapy, physical modalities (hyperthermia/HBOT), and repurposed drugs. A durable response in a patient with otherwise poor prognosis was achieved after systematically targeting cancer cell bioenergetics and the tumor microenvironment. These findings support further clinical investigation into multimodal metabolic therapies for advanced HR+ breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid42107075,
year = {2026},
author = {Das, J and Bhui, U and Chakraborty, GS and Mazumder, D and Shil, S and Sah, AK and Akter, B and Hossain, J and Nayak, S and Basak, S and Debnath, B and Nath, R and Belagodu Sridhar, S and Panigrahy, UP},
title = {Comparative oncology of male and female breast cancer: diagnostic paradigms and machine learning approaches in treatment.},
journal = {Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42107075},
issn = {2191-0286},
abstract = {Breast cancer is associated mostly with women; however, breast cancer also appears in men, which dictates the need to know about gender-specific differences in the pathology and treatment. Male breast cancer constitutes less than 1 % of all cases and is usually diagnosed when the patient is older, with bigger tumors and at later stages than breast cancer in women. The most widespread subtype in both genders is invasive ductal carcinoma. The effect of hormone receptor positivity is very prominent in the treatment of men, and the risk factors include the BRCA2 mutations and the hormonal imbalance. The management approach, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy, is like that of women, and it may vary in treatment effectiveness because of hormonal and biological differences. The prognostic data in males are scarce, with generally worse outcomes, most likely because of delayed diagnosis and low rates of clinical trial representation. Men with breast cancer also face special psychosocial obstacles with regard to stigma and support. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are emerging options that have the potential to improve detectability and personalized treatment in both genders. The current review draws similarities between breast cancer in males and females to promote gender-specific interventions and better outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42096037,
year = {2026},
author = {Okawa, S and Ogiyama, H and Amano, T and Saiki, H and Yamaguchi, Y and Fukutake, N and Furuta, K and Ishida, H and Azama, T and Oshita, M},
title = {Simultaneous gastric and colonic metastasis of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Clinical journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42096037},
issn = {1865-7265},
abstract = {Breast cancer commonly metastasizes to the lungs, bones, liver, and brain; however, gastrointestinal involvement is uncommon. Simultaneous metastases to both the stomach and colon are extremely rare. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with bilateral breast cancer (right invasive ductal carcinoma and left invasive lobular carcinoma [ILC]) who developed gastric and colonic metastases, presenting with rare endoscopic findings characterized by multiple polypoid lesions, along with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow. Biopsies from the stomach and colon revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas that were estrogen receptor-positive and negative for E-cadherin in the colon, consistent with ILC metastases. Endocrine therapy with letrozole led to systemic improvement. However, diarrhea and abdominal pain persisted until palbociclib was initiated, after which both symptoms markedly improved. Follow-up endoscopy demonstrated regression of the gastric and colonic lesions. This case is of educational value because it demonstrates, with high-quality images, subtle mucosal changes with a polypoid appearance that are not widely recognized as typical findings of colonic metastasis from ILC, and includes a review of previously reported cases. In patients with breast cancer, particularly ILC, persistent gastrointestinal symptoms may suggest metastasis. Careful endoscopic evaluation with biopsy is essential for diagnosis and monitoring the treatment response.},
}

@article {pmid42090880,
year = {2026},
author = {Sharma, S and Tamang, J and Nepal, B and Gupta, S},
title = {Diagnostic accuracy of sonomammography in the evaluation of palpable breast masses: Correlation with histopathology.},
journal = {Radiography (London, England : 1995)},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {103426},
doi = {10.1016/j.radi.2026.103426},
pmid = {42090880},
issn = {1532-2831},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Ultrasonography plays an important role in evaluating palpable breast masses, particularly in women with dense breast tissue. Although the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System has standardized ultrasound reporting. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sonomammography in differentiating benign and malignant breast masses and to correlate specific ultrasound features with histopathological findings, including differentiation between invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

METHODS: This prospective observational study included patients presenting with palpable breast masses who underwent sonomammographic evaluation between January 2019 and December 2022. A total of 98 patients with lesions categorized as BI-RADS 4 or 5 on ultrasonography were included. High-resolution ultrasound examinations were performed using a 3-12 MHz linear transducer, and lesions were characterized according to the BI-RADS lexicon. Histopathological examination served as the reference standard. Statistical analysis included the Chi-square test, univariate, and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS: A total of 98 lesions, including 57 malignant and 41 benign lesions. Sonomammography demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy of 84.69%, with a sensitivity of 92.98% and a specificity of 73.17%. Significant sonographic predictors of malignancy (p<0.05) included irregular shape, non-circumscribed margins, non-parallel orientation, and hypoechoic or complex echotexture. Irregular lesion shape and non-circumscribed margins showed a significant association with invasive ductal carcinoma compared with DCIS (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: BI-RADS-based sonomammographic evaluation provides valuable diagnostic information in the assessment of palpable breast masses. Specific ultrasound features demonstrate significant correlation with histopathological outcomes and may assist in differentiating benign from malignant lesions.

IMPLICATION OF PRACTICE: The findings highlight the clinical value of BI-RADS-guided breast ultrasound in improving lesion characterization and supporting appropriate biopsy decisions in patients presenting with palpable breast masses.},
}

@article {pmid42095654,
year = {2026},
author = {Birnbaum, GE and Zholtack, K},
title = {They Are Just Not That Into You: Does Sexual Arousal Impair Perception of Rejection Cues?.},
journal = {Personality & social psychology bulletin},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1461672261439417},
doi = {10.1177/01461672261439417},
pmid = {42095654},
issn = {1552-7433},
abstract = {Sexual arousal elicits approach-oriented motivation. In early romantic encounters, however, this desire to pursue a connection must be balanced against the risk of rejection. Across four studies, we investigated whether sexual priming affects risk regulation, causing people to perceive potential partners as romantically interested despite ambiguous cues. Unpartnered participants watched either sexual or nonsexual videos before engaging in an online chat with a confederate who conveyed mixed signals across different interaction phases. Participants rated the confederate's desirability as a partner and perceived interest. Independent raters also coded participants' written impressions for perceived romantic interest. Results showed that sexual priming increased participants' perceptions of the confederate's desirability, which, in turn, predicted both self-reported and coded perceptions of the confederate's interest. These findings suggest that sexual arousal creates "tunnel vision," leading people to interpret ambiguity in ways that prioritize approach goals over self-protective concerns, with implications for misunderstandings in early romantic encounters.},
}

@article {pmid42086345,
year = {2026},
author = {Tammaro, S and Di Fiore, F and Crocetto, F and Manfredi, C and Ruvolo, CC and Califano, G and Barone, B and Arcaniolo, D and Spirito, L and Calace, FP and Reccia, P and Fusco, F and De Sio, M and Balsamo, R},
title = {Urodynamic de-obstruction and symptom improvement after thulium laser vaporization (ThuVAP): evidence from a prospective paired study.},
journal = {The Canadian journal of urology},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
pages = {249-259},
pmid = {42086345},
issn = {1488-5581},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; *Urodynamics ; Aged ; *Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/surgery/etiology/physiopathology ; *Thulium/therapeutic use ; *Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery/complications ; Middle Aged ; *Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use ; *Laser Therapy/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Thulium laser vaporization of the prostate (ThuVAP) is an established treatment for benign prostatic obstruction, but its impact on urodynamic parameters remains poorly defined. This study aimed to quantify the de-obstructive efficacy of ThuVAP through pre- and postoperative urodynamic comparisons and to assess the relationship between urodynamic improvement and symptom relief.

METHODS: In a prospective single-center cohort (June 2022-June 2024), men with urodynamically confirmed obstruction underwent standardized ThuVAP with a 200-W thulium:YAG system. Baseline and 6-month invasive urodynamics and 12-month clinical follow-up were performed. The primary endpoint was the change in the bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI); secondary endpoints included Qmax, postvoid residual volume (PVR), bladder voiding efficiency (BVE), detrusor pressures, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS).

RESULTS: Sixty-four patients (mean age 67 years; prostate volume 52 mL) were analyzed. BOOI decreased from 55.9 ± 17.2 to 21.3 ± 11.2 (p < 0.001), with obstructed cases dropping from 79.7% to 7.8%. Schäfer grade fell from 3.6 to 0.3 (p < 0.001). Detrusor pressure halved, Qmax rose from 7.9 to 20.8 mL/s, PVR declined from 121 to 22 mL, and BVE improved from 64% to 94% (all p < 0.001). Low compliance and involuntary detrusor contractions (IDC) decreased notably. IPSS improved from 26.2 to 3.4 (p < 0.001) and correlated with the magnitude of urodynamic de-obstruction.

CONCLUSIONS: ThuVAP provides substantial, objectively verified relief of bladder outlet obstruction with consistent improvements in voiding efficiency and symptoms. The correlation between urodynamic and clinical outcomes underscores the procedure's efficacy and the utility of urodynamics in documenting therapeutic benefit.},
}

Humans
Male
Prospective Studies
*Urodynamics
Aged
*Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/surgery/etiology/physiopathology
*Thulium/therapeutic use
*Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery/complications
Middle Aged
*Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use
*Laser Therapy/methods
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid42089011,
year = {2026},
author = {Ojo, T and Cablay, K and Emara, N and Meyer, A},
title = {Pulmonary Hypertension Following the Use of Trastuzumab Biosimilars.},
journal = {Case reports in pulmonology},
volume = {2026},
number = {},
pages = {1076907},
pmid = {42089011},
issn = {2090-6846},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: HER2-positive breast cancer comprises 14%-20% of breast cancer cases and was previously linked with aggressive progression. Trastuzumab and its biosimilars have improved survival significantly, but their pulmonary toxicities remain underrecognized. While left ventricular dysfunction is a well-documented adverse effect, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and right heart failure are rarely reported.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with Stage IV HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma and well-controlled HIV who presented with shortness of breath, edema, and weakness. She previously completed five cycles of trastuzumab biosimilars (trastuzumab-anns or trastuzumab-dttb), Perjeta (pertuzumab), and Taxotere (docetaxel) and then transitioned to maintenance therapy with just trastuzumab-anns and pertuzumab for one cycle due to neuropathy. Pretreatment and interim echocardiograms showed preserved left ventricular and right ventricular function. Shortly after her last trastuzumab dose, she was hospitalized with severe anasarca, bilateral pleural effusions, and respiratory failure. Right heart catheterization revealed severe precapillary pulmonary hypertension (mPAP 40 mmHg [normal < 20 mmHg], PAWP 8 mmHg [normal ≤ 15 mmHg]), consistent with WHO Group I PAH. Despite aggressive diuresis and respiratory support, her condition deteriorated, and she elected for comfort-focused care.

DISCUSSION: Although rare, pulmonary vascular complications such as PAH have been linked to HER2-targeted therapies. Reports from clinical trials, FAERS data, and national registries have documented cases of trastuzumab-associated PAH, suggesting a possible vascular mechanism, potentially through ACVRL1 pathway involvement. This case highlights the importance of considering pulmonary hypertension as a potential adverse event in patients on trastuzumab, particularly those with pulmonary metastases.

CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of pulmonary complications in patients receiving HER2-targeted therapies, even when left ventricular function is preserved. Early recognition and monitoring of right-sided pressures in high-risk patients may improve outcomes. This case adds to emerging evidence on trastuzumab's pulmonary risks.},
}

@article {pmid42090312,
year = {2026},
author = {Lippy, RD and Bayer, MJ},
title = {Mental health support for Naval Surface Forces in LSCO.},
journal = {Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1080/08995605.2026.2664981},
pmid = {42090312},
issn = {1532-7876},
abstract = {U.S. Navy ships have not engaged in heavy combat operations since World War II. Although naval warfare and navy ships have advanced technologically since that time, the fundamental violence of combat and resultant human factors of war have not. This article discusses how the Navy is not fully prepared for the expected large number of combat stress casualties likely to occur in any maritime large-scale combat operations (LSCO) such as the threat by China to invade Taiwan by 2027. U.S. Naval Surface Forces began assigning mental health providers to support Navy surface combatant ships in 2019. These mental health professionals provide psychological support to shipboard Sailors but do not deploy with these ships. Rather, Navy surface combatant ships are supported by a single Independent Duty Corpsman (IDC) paraprofessional with limited training in mental health. Therefore, in any LSCO scenario, the acute psychological needs of these shipboard Sailors will be provided by these medical assets. The article discusses how U.S. Naval Surface Forces is preparing shipboard Sailors for combat stress reactions as well as training organic shipboard resources (i.e. IDCs, chaplains) in applying psychological first aid and legacy combat psychiatry principles (i.e. PIES - Proximity to the frontline, Immediacy of treatment, Expectancy of recovery, Simple interventions). The article concludes with a discussion of future directions for closing the current gaps in training needed to enhance psychological support to Naval Surface Forces ships/Sailors in preparation for future LSCO scenarios.},
}

@article {pmid42082151,
year = {2026},
author = {Sachdev, V and van Loon, NM and Kingma, J and Ottenhoff, R and Tan, JME and van den Berg, M and Duijst, S and Jongejan, A and Levels, JHM and Rensen, PCN and Kooijman, S and de Boer, JF and Kuipers, F and Kuentzel, KB and Kratky, D and Kwon, Y and Zeigerer, A and Hendrix, S and Zelcer, N},
title = {Loss of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCHF6 alters hepatic lipid metabolism and drives spontaneous hepatosteatosis.},
journal = {Molecular metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102379},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102379},
pmid = {42082151},
issn = {2212-8778},
abstract = {Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progressive form, steatohepatitis (MASH), feature excessive hepatic fat accumulation, yet the relative contributions of dietary vs. endogenous fats and their interactions has remained enigmatic. Here, we identify the endoplasmic reticulum-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCHF6 as a pivotal regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism. Global or hepatocyte-specific deletion of Marchf6 induced spontaneous accumulation of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters under chow-fed conditions, revealing a cell-autonomous hepatic defect independent of caloric excess. Loss of MARCHF6 stabilized its substrate squalene epoxidase (SQLE), enhancing sterol pathway flux while concomitantly activating the SREBP1-associated lipogenic transcriptional program and increasing lipoprotein clearance. Accordingly, lipidomic analyses demonstrated remodeling of the hepatic lipidome towards polyunsaturated, long-chain neutral lipids, consistent with increased lipogenesis-driven NADPH consumption. In line with this, pharmacological inhibition of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway reduced lipid accumulation in MARCHF6-deficient human hepatocytes. Congruently, transcriptomic data from human MASLD/MASH patients revealed reduced hepatic MARCHF6 expression alongside an increase in that of the lipogenic genes SREBF1, FASN, and SCD1. Overall, these data establish MARCHF6 as a multifaceted gatekeeper that integrates sterol turnover, NADPH usage, and lipogenesis to maintain hepatic lipid homeostasis.},
}

@article {pmid42069142,
year = {2026},
author = {Hladik, C and Sekhri, M and Cen, HH and Elayapillai, SP and Lee, S and Gao, B and Dooley, W and Milligan, T and Hill, H and Filatenkov, A and Wellberg, EA and Hannafon, BN},
title = {Spatially Resolved Obesity-Driven Molecular Changes in Early Breast Cancer.},
journal = {The American journal of pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajpath.2026.03.016},
pmid = {42069142},
issn = {1525-2191},
abstract = {Obesity is an established risk factor for invasive breast cancer; however, the specific molecular heterogeneity distinguishing invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) within the obese tumor microenvironment is not well defined. In the current study, spatially resolved transcriptomics was utilized to profile the epithelial, stromal, and immune compartments of DCIS and IDC lesions stratified by host body mass index, categorized as non-obese (≤29.9 kg/m[2]) or obese (≥30 kg/m[2]). These analyses reveal that the transcriptional signatures defining the invasive state differ significantly across BMI categories. In non-obese patients, IDC lesions exhibited canonical profiles driven by proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, compared with DCIS. Conversely, the obese setting was characterized by a distinct "stress-adaptive" phenotype, enriched for metabolic adjustment, oxidative stress response, and inflammatory signaling. The epithelial component was accompanied by a fibro-inflammatory stromal signature and an immunosuppressive niche characterized by B cell depletion and M2 macrophage enrichment. Furthermore, SULF2, an extracellular endosulfatase involved in extracellular matrix organization and signaling, was consistently upregulated within the obese epithelium, providing a plausible link between metabolic stress and structural remodeling. Collectively, these data indicate obesity-associated differences consistent with an alternative invasive transcriptional program that is less dominated by classical proliferative drivers in this cohort. Consequently, standard prognostic markers may be context-dependent, highlighting the need to integrate metabolic health into precision risk stratification.},
}

@article {pmid42072229,
year = {2026},
author = {Neri, I and Gallivanone, F and Venturini, E and Canevari, C and Caleri, C and Rotmensz, N and Ghezzo, S and Bezzi, C and Mapelli, P and Panizza, P and Picchio, M and Di Micco, R and Chiti, A and Gentilini, OD and Scifo, P},
title = {Hybrid [[18]F]FDG PET/MR Imaging Parameters for the Prediction of Tissue Biomarkers in Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bioengineering13040435},
pmid = {42072229},
issn = {2306-5354},
support = {RF-2018-12368096//Ministero della Salute/ ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer (BC) requires the evaluation of tumor aggressiveness features to guide treatment decisions. Biopsy-derived prognostic information may differ from surgical histopathology due to tumor heterogeneity. Hybrid PET/MRI can provide additional information for tumor characterization, supporting initial therapy planning and prognosis. In this work, we acquired 157 BC patients using a hybrid PET/MRI scanner. The PET data were combined with ADC and semi-quantitative DCE-MRI metrics to derive "hybrid PET/MRI parameters." Pathological data such as tumor grade, hormone receptors, proliferation index (Ki67), and surrogate molecular subtype were collected, and we evaluated their associations with hybrid imaging, also comparing with the PET and MRI data analyzed separately. Ki67 showed moderate correlations with PET, ADCmin, and most hybrid parameters. The PET and hybrid data differentiate histopathological factors, while ADCmin differentiates G1 vs. G2 and luminal A vs. luminal B. In the ROC analysis, hybrid SUVmax/ADCmin shows better performance to predict luminal B from luminal A (AUC 0.720, sensitivity 73.1%, specificity 63.2%, PPV 54.3%, NPV 79.7%) than SUVmean alone. Our findings suggest that these novel hybrid PET/MRI parameters may help the characterization of tumor tissue in IDC. However, a multivariate analysis is needed to confirm our preliminary results.},
}

@article {pmid42072243,
year = {2026},
author = {Comert, RG and Yilmaz, R and Cingoz, E and Bayramoglu, Z and Bayram, A and Mollavelioglu, B and Muslumanoglu, M and Bagci, U},
title = {Evaluating the Predictive Value of Post-Treatment Superb Microvascular Imaging for Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Invasive Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bioengineering13040449},
pmid = {42072243},
issn = {2306-5354},
abstract = {Purpose: To compare the efficacy of Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) with grayscale ultrasound (US) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in predicting pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in invasive breast cancer. Methods: A total of 115 patients included in the study were evaluated based on their pre-treatment imaging findings (US, mammography, and MRI). Following completion of NAC, all patients underwent grayscale US and SMI examinations. In patients with available post-NAC MRI, treatment response was additionally assessed by comparing MRI findings. Imaging results were correlated with postoperative pathological outcomes, which served as the reference standard. pCR was defined as the absence of residual invasive carcinoma, regardless of ductal carcinoma in situ. Molecular subtype, Ki-67, and axillary status were recorded. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and stepwise multiple logistic regression. Significance was set at p < 0.05 (95% CI). Results: The median age was 51 years (range: 30-75). Most tumors were high-grade (55%) and invasive ductal carcinoma (95%). Breast-pCR was achieved in 43% of patients. Significant predictors of pCR included hormone receptor negativity, HER-2 positivity, high Ki-67 expression (≥40%), non-luminal subtype, and complete radiologic response on US and MRI (p < 0.05). Lower SMI index values were strongly associated with pCR (p < 0.001), with an optimal cut-off of 1.8 demonstrating good diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.804, 95% CI: 0.721-0.887). In multivariate analysis, the combined model including US, SMI, HER-2 status, and MRI showed the highest predictive performance (AUC = 0.890, 95% CI: 0.829-0.950), explaining 55.1% of the variance in pCR. Conclusions: An SMI index < 1.8, HER-2 positivity, and complete response on US and MRI are independent predictors of pCR after NAC. Combining SMI with multimodal imaging significantly improves predictive accuracy.},
}

@article {pmid42073582,
year = {2026},
author = {Akkoc Mustafayev, FN and Fountzilas, E and Munsell, MF and Layman, RM and Yam, C and Gutierrez, AM and Albarracin, CT and Ahmed, Z and Schlacher, K and Tainer, JA and Arun, BK},
title = {Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of BRCA Germline Mutation Carriers with Advanced Breast Cancer Treated with PARP (Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase) Inhibitors: A Single-Institution Experience.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18081258},
pmid = {42073582},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {RP180813//Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas/ ; NCI Grant P30CA016672//Cancer Center Support Grant/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Several trials have highlighted the importance of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in the treatment of BRCA-associated breast cancers (BC), initiating changes in practice. However, data on the real-life outcomes of PARPi therapy is limited. In this study, we characterized the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with advanced BC and germline BRCA pathogenic variants (PVs) who received PARPi therapy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-institution cohort study of patients with advanced BC and germline BRCA1/2 PVs treated with PARPi. Outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and prognostic factors were evaluated using Cox regression analysis. Results: Of the 107 patients treated with PARPi, 48 (44.9%) and 59 (55.1%) had BRCA1 and BRCA2 PVs, respectively. Ninety-seven patients (90.7%) had invasive ductal carcinoma and 42 (39.3%) had triple-negative BC. Nineteen (17.8%) patients had de novo metastatic BC. Sixty-two (57.9%) patients received at least one line of systemic therapy before PARPi; 24 (22.4%) patients received prior platinum. ORR was 62.6%, and the median duration of response (DoR) was 7 months (range, 2.1-96.2). The median PFS was 9 months (95% CI, 6.9-10.5) and median OS was 25.8 months (95% CI, 18.7-31.5). In multivariable models for PFS, bone metastases (HR = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.40-3.61; p = 0.0008) and lung metastases (HR = 2.40; 95% CI, 1.45-3.98; p = 0.0007) were independently associated with increased risk of progression or death. In multivariable models for OS, brain metastases (HR = 3.54; 95% CI, 1.59-7.90; p = 0.0020), bone metastases (HR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.27-3.88; p = 0.0050), and lung metastases (HR = 2.38; 95% CI, 1.38-4.11; p = 0.0018), were independently associated with increased risk of death. Conclusions: The clinical outcomes of our real-world patients are similar to those reported in previous clinical trials. In addition, metastatic site distribution was independently prognostic for survival outcomes and may support baseline risk stratification at the time of PARPi initiation. Further studies of predictive markers of response and resistance, as well as sequencing with platinums and combinations with other targeted agents, are needed to optimize the benefits of PARPi in this patient population.},
}

@article {pmid42074728,
year = {2026},
author = {Kaviani, A and Bruyninx, G and Patocskai, E},
title = {Posterior Approach Partial Mastectomy (MAPP): Early Clinical Experience with a Novel Oncoplastic Technique.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15082925},
pmid = {42074728},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background: Oncoplastic breast surgery aims to combine oncologic safety with optimal cosmetic outcomes. However, many established techniques require visible anterior breast incisions or substantial tissue rearrangement, which may compromise cosmetic results in selected patients. Posterior access to the breast through the retromammary space may allow tumor excision while preserving the anterior breast envelope. Methods: We report an early clinical experience with Posterior Approach Partial Mastectomy (MAPP), a breast-conserving technique that accesses the lesion through a concealed inframammary or lateral breast crease incision. This single-center retrospective case series included consecutive patients undergoing excision using this approach. Patient selection, surgical technique, and early outcomes-including margin status, complications, and need for re-excision-were evaluated. Results: Eight patients underwent breast-conserving excision using the MAPP technique. Six patients had malignant lesions (invasive ductal carcinoma with or without ductal carcinoma in situ or pure DCIS), while two benign lesions were included for technical completeness. Tumor size ranged from 9 to 78 mm. All malignant cases achieved negative surgical margins (R0), and no patient required re-excision. Posterior access was successfully achieved in all cases using concealed inframammary or lateral crease incisions. One patient experienced minor wound discharge that resolved with conservative management, and no major postoperative complications were observed. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 12 months. Conclusions: Posterior Approach Partial Mastectomy appears to be a feasible oncoplastic approach with encouraging early oncologic outcomes in carefully selected patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery. By preserving the anterior skin envelope and concealing the surgical incision, this technique may offer cosmetic advantages while maintaining oncologic adequacy. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to further define its role in oncoplastic breast surgery.},
}