@article {pmid40914542,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Q and Huang, J and Wu, S and Wang, J and Yu, T and Wei, W and Yang, T and Wu, X and Zhai, J and Zhang, X},
title = {Neuro-Immuno-Stromal Context in Colorectal Cancer: An Enteric Glial Cell-Driven Prognostic Model via Machine Learning Predicts Survival, Recurrence, and Therapy Response.},
journal = {Experimental cell research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {114733},
doi = {10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114733},
pmid = {40914542},
issn = {1090-2422},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Enteric glial cells (EGCs) have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model integrating EGC- and CRC-associated gene expression to predict patient survival, recurrence, metastasis, and therapy response.

METHODS: Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data were analyzed, and a machine learning-based model was constructed using the RSF random forest algorithm. The model's prognostic value was evaluated through survival analysis, pathway enrichment, immune profiling, and therapy response predictions.

RESULTS: The model effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups, with high-risk patients exhibiting significantly worse overall survival (OS) and an increased likelihood of recurrence and metastasis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified key pathways associated with tumor progression, immune regulation, and microenvironmental interactions. The model was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration and chemokine signaling. High-risk patients exhibited reduced immune therapy efficacy and distinct drug sensitivity profiles, suggesting its potential to guide personalized treatment strategies.

CONCLUSION: This model serves as a valuable tool for CRC prognosis and treatment stratification, with potential clinical applications pending further validation.},
}

@article {pmid40910488,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, DC and Alhamdani, Z and Papa, N and Shen, E and Kovaleva, N and Gao, M and Emmett, L and Hofman, MS and Ryan, A and Scott, AM and Lee, ST and Lawrentschuk, N and Perera, ML and Bolton, DM},
title = {The Blind Spot of PSMA-PET Staging? Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate Is Overrepresented in Patients With No Uptake Pattern on Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography and High-Grade Prostate Cancer.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101097JU0000000000004734},
doi = {10.1097/JU.0000000000004734},
pmid = {40910488},
issn = {1527-3792},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (PSMA PET) is increasingly used to diagnose and stage prostate cancer. A PRIMARY score uses anatomical localization and uptake patterns to improve diagnostic accuracy. We evaluated the histopathology of patients with no uptake pattern (PRIMARY score 1) and the prevalence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) in this subset compared with those with an uptake pattern (PRIMARY score ≥ 2).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 2-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted including consecutive patients imaged with intraprostatic [[68]Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 or [[18]F]DCFPyL PSMA PET before radical prostatectomy. All PSMA PET scans were centrally reviewed by nuclear medicine physicians, with PRIMARY scores and quantitative imaging parameters recorded. Perioperative characteristics, Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS), and histopathology were collected. The distribution of grade group and other histopathological findings, including IDC-P, were examined according to PSMA uptake patterns.

RESULTS: A total of 178 patients were analyzed. A PRIMARY score 1 finding on intraprostatic PSMA PET was seen in 30 (17%) patients. IDC-P in prostatectomy specimens was more frequent in these patients compared with PRIMARY score ≥ 2 patients (12/30, 40% vs 31/148, 21%; P = .026). In the PRIMARY score 1 subset, patients with IDC-P had considerably more pathological grade group ≥ 3 disease than those without IDC-P (100% vs 33%). Eighty-one percent of all patients had PI-RADS scores 4 or 5 on prebiopsy MRI. This study is potentially limited by the selection of patients with PRIMARY score 1 disease who subsequently proceeded to surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients who are being considered for radical prostatectomy because of adverse clinical, PI-RADS or biopsy features, a PSMA PET demonstrating no intraprostatic uptake pattern should not be considered inherently a marker or small volume or lesser grade disease. Some high-grade cancers, particularly those associated with IDC-P, may not be well visualized on PSMA PET.},
}

@article {pmid40909583,
year = {2025},
author = {Brown, AS and Llinás, M and Mahony, S},
title = {Chromatin state dynamics during the Plasmodium falciparum intraerythrocytic development cycle.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2025.08.22.671872},
pmid = {40909583},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {The interdependence of chromatin states and transcription factor (TF) binding in eukaryotic genomes is critical for the proper regulation of gene expression. In this study, we explore the connection between TFs and chromatin states in the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum , throughout its 48-hour asexual intraerythrocytic developmental cycle (IDC). Most P. falciparum genes are expressed in a periodic manner during the IDC, accompanied by dynamic shifts in histone modifications and chromatin accessibility. Leveraging genome-wide profiles of chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) occupancy, we characterize chromatin state dynamics during the IDC. Our results indicate that several chromatin states remain stable throughout the lifecycle, while others are dynamic and are linked to gene activation or repression. We further characterize chromatin state dynamics at the genome-wide DNA binding sites for a selection of Plasmodium TFs, allowing us to group TFs according to their chromatin preferences. By correlating changes in chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, and TF binding, we provide a global overview of the chromatin state dynamics that coordinate P. falciparum asexual blood stage development.},
}

@article {pmid40909459,
year = {2025},
author = {Albayrak, NE},
title = {Case Report: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast: a review of the literature and illustration of six cases.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1551309},
pmid = {40909459},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {"Primary neuroendocrine breast carcinoma (NEBC) is an underdiagnosed subtype of breast cancer, which includes small cell (SCNEC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC). Accurate diagnosis remains challenging given their low incidence; misclassification as invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (IBC-NST), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), or a metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma may occur. Cases with any component of adenocarcinoma and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors were excluded. A search of the pathology database (2012-2024) revealed six female patients (27-85 years) with a final pathologic diagnosis of NEBC (stages IA-IV), including four diagnosed with LCNEC and two with SCNEC. Even though most NEBC cases (5 of 6; 83%) were of the luminal subtype, five of six patients (83%) developed distant metastases within 4 years of the initial diagnosis. Molecular profiling of six cases revealed common alterations in the FGF/FGFR and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. In summary, primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast display aggressive behavior. However, they are more likely to harbor certain alterations, such as activating PIK3CA mutations and FGFR1 amplification, which can be of therapeutic value. The Ki-67 index, unlike in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract, is not suitable for grading neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the breast. However, it can still serve as a tool for risk stratification, similar to its use in luminal-type breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40904548,
year = {2025},
author = {Navaeipour, F and Sanderson, RW and Li, J and Rawlins, S and Hepburn, MS and Kennedy, BF},
title = {Development of breast-mimicking phantoms for use in optical coherence elastography.},
journal = {Journal of biomedical optics},
volume = {30},
number = {12},
pages = {124504},
pmid = {40904548},
issn = {1560-2281},
mesh = {*Phantoms, Imaging ; *Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods/instrumentation ; *Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods/instrumentation ; Humans ; Female ; *Breast/diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; },
abstract = {SIGNIFICANCE: Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is an emerging technique for mapping tissue mechanical properties into an image, known as an elastogram, with microscale resolution. Although system characterization phantoms are widely used in OCE development, there is a critical need for tissue-mimicking phantoms that can more accurately replicate the complex structural and mechanical properties of tissues, particularly for validating clinical applications, such as in breast cancer.

AIM: We aim to investigate the effects of tissue-like structures on elastogram formation in a controlled environment by developing and characterizing two types of breast tissue-mimicking phantoms, replicating invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) morphology and the other mimicking breast ductal networks.

APPROACH: We present a comprehensive methodology for fabricating breast-mimicking phantoms using optical coherence tomography and ductography images to provide information on tissue structure. The method employs 3D-printed molds, casting different silicone materials for IDC-mimicking phantoms and implementing a dissolving mold technique to create duct-mimicking phantoms, which can be tested in both empty and fluid-filled states.

RESULTS: The IDC-mimicking phantom successfully replicates structural features as small as 100    μ m , revealing complex mechanical behaviors at tissue interfaces, including strain concentrations where tissues of different stiffness interact. The duct-mimicking phantom demonstrates distinct mechanical responses between configurations, with hollow ducts creating sharp discontinuities at boundaries, whereas fluid-filled ducts exhibit more gradual transitions in mechanical properties.

CONCLUSIONS: Our methodology demonstrates the capability to fabricate breast tissue-mimicking phantoms that reproduce both the structural and mechanical properties of breast tissue, providing a controlled environment for investigating OCE performance and understanding how tissue architecture influences elastogram formation, particularly at interfaces among different tissue types.},
}

*Phantoms, Imaging
*Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods/instrumentation
*Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods/instrumentation
Humans
Female
*Breast/diagnostic imaging
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Printing, Three-Dimensional

@article {pmid40901930,
year = {2025},
author = {Jassim Ghrabat, MJ and Ghaib, AA and Al-Hossenat, A and Abduljabbar, ZA and Nyangaresi, VO and Ma, J and Aldarwish, AJY and Abduljaleel, IQ and Honi, DG and Neamah, HA},
title = {Effective SMOTE boost with deep learning for IDC identification in whole-slide images.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {9},
pages = {e0329078},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0329078},
pmid = {40901930},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Deep Learning ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging ; Neural Networks, Computer ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is highlighted in recent research as one of the most prevalent types of cancer. Timely identification is essential for enhancing patient results and decreasing fatality rates. Utilizing computer-assisted detection and diagnosis early on may greatly improve the chances of recovery by accurately predicting outcomes and developing suitable treatment plans. Grading breast cancer properly, especially evaluating nuclear atypia, is difficult owing to faults and inconsistencies in slide preparation and the intricate nature of tissue patterns. This work explores the capability of deep learning to extract characteristics from histopathology photos of breast cancer. The research introduces a new method called SMOTE-based Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technology to detect areas impacted by Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC) in whole slide pictures. The trials used a dataset of 162 individuals with IDC, split into training (113 photos) and testing (49 images) groups. Every model was subjected to individual testing. The SMO_CNN model we developed demonstrated exceptional testing and training accuracies of 98.95% and 99.20% respectively, surpassing CNN, VGG19, and ResNet50 models. The results highlight the effectiveness of the created model in properly detecting IDC-affected tissue areas, showing great promise for improving breast cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. We surpassing other models as such, CNN, VGG19, ResNet50.},
}

Humans
*Deep Learning
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging
Neural Networks, Computer
*Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods

@article {pmid40896954,
year = {2025},
author = {Ogita, M and Kumamaru, H and Kubo, M and Kinukawa, N and Niikura, N and Saji, S and Toi, M},
title = {Survival of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the breast compared with invasive ductal carcinoma by biological subtype: A matched analysis of the Japanese national clinical database-breast cancer registry.},
journal = {Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland)},
volume = {83},
number = {},
pages = {104567},
doi = {10.1016/j.breast.2025.104567},
pmid = {40896954},
issn = {1532-3080},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Owing to the rarity of primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast, the prognosis of SCC remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of breast SCC by subtype.

METHODS: A total of 350,977 patients with breast SCC or invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) were identified from the National Clinical Database-Breast Cancer Registry from 2004 to 2014. SCC and IDC patients with triple-negative and luminal subtypes were matched 1:1 via exact matching. Overall survival (OS), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared between patients with SCC and those with IDC. In-field area recurrence was analyzed among patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy.

RESULTS: The study included 452 SCC patients and 182,707 IDC patients. SCC patients were more likely than IDC patients to have advanced-stage disease. The crude 10-year OS, BCSS, and RFS were 70 %, 80 %, and 66 % for patients with SCC, and 88 %, 93 %, and 81 % for patients with IDC, respectively. After 204 patients with the triple-negative subtype and 68 patients with the luminal subtype in each group were matched, the 10-year BCSS was significantly worse for SCC (76.7 %) than for IDC (85.5 %) within the triple-negative subtype. There were no differences in OS, BCSS, or RFS for the luminal subtype. The rates of in-field area recurrence were similar between patients with SCC and those with IDC with either the triple-negative subtype or the luminal subtype.

CONCLUSIONS: Within the triple-negative subtype, SCC histology was associated with a significantly worse prognosis than IDC.},
}

@article {pmid40895939,
year = {2025},
author = {Correa Sandoval, DC and Guajardo Nieto, DA and Guzman Murguia, JL},
title = {Primary Breast Carcinoma in Ectopic Breast Tissue in the Suprapubic Region Presenting as a Subcutaneous Nodule: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e89015},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.89015},
pmid = {40895939},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Ectopic breast tissue (EBT) is an uncommon congenital condition resulting from incomplete involution of the milk line. Primary carcinomas arising in EBT have been reported in a small number of cases, most frequently in the axilla, but they may occur anywhere along the mammary line. Here, we present the case of a 69-year-old woman who presented with an asymptomatic subcutaneous nodule located at the end of a Pfanneistein's laparotomy scar in the suprapubic region. Histopathological examination revealed invasive ductal carcinoma, compatible with no special type, originating from EBT. The patient underwent wide local excision of the lesion with clear margins, followed by adjuvant treatment with letrozole. This case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and emphasizes the significance of recognizing the rare presentation of primary breast carcinoma in EBT. Early detection and appropriate treatment, including surgical intervention and targeted therapy, are essential for optimizing patient outcomes in such cases.},
}

@article {pmid40895660,
year = {2025},
author = {El Masadi, M and Elouaouch, S and Bouayed, FZ and BenSghier, A and Berhili, S and Moukhlissi, M and Mezouar, L},
title = {Apocrine Breast Carcinoma With an Atypical Immunohistochemical Profile: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {e89193},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.89193},
pmid = {40895660},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and encompasses a wide variety of histopathological subtypes. While invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) represents the most prevalent form, rare variants such as apocrine carcinoma (AC) also warrant particular attention. Classically, AC of the breast is defined by apocrine morphology, negativity for hormonal receptors (estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR)), and strong positivity for the androgen receptor (AR). However, the present case involving a 37-year-old woman who detected a nodule at the junction of the lower quadrants of the right breast illustrates an atypical variant of this tumor subtype. Histological examination revealed two lesions displaying typical apocrine carcinomatous proliferation but with an unusual immunohistochemical profile: ER expression at 80%, PR expression at 5%, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. This deviation from the classical apocrine profile highlights the biological heterogeneity of these tumors and underscores the importance of thorough characterization to optimize therapeutic management.},
}

@article {pmid40891975,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, HJ and Chae, EY and Eom, HJ and Choi, WJ and Shin, HJ and Cha, JH and Kim, HH},
title = {Node Reporting and Data System Evaluation of Axillary Nodes in Invasive Ductal and Lobular Carcinoma.},
journal = {Radiology},
volume = {316},
number = {3},
pages = {e243823},
doi = {10.1148/radiol.243823},
pmid = {40891975},
issn = {1527-1315},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Axilla ; Retrospective Studies ; *Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {Background Although the Node Reporting and Data System (Node-RADS) offers a standardized method for assessing lymph node metastasis, its performance may vary according to the histologic type of breast cancer. Purpose To evaluate the applicability of the Node-RADS score in assessing axillary lymph node involvement in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) or invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, data from consecutive women with pathologically confirmed IDC or ILC who underwent preoperative breast MRI between January 2017 and December 2018 were analyzed. Axillary nodal status was assessed using Node-RADS, in which nodal size and configuration criteria are combined into a final assessment score ranging from 1 (very low suspicion) to 5 (very high suspicion). The performance of the Node-RADS score for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis was compared between the two histologic types using the χ[2] test. Results A total of 1602 women (mean age, 50.6 years ± 9.8 [SD]), including 25 with bilateral cancers, were included, yielding 1627 breast cancers. Among these cancers, 1486 were IDC and 141 were ILC. The frequency of lymph node metastasis was 25% (377 of 1486) for IDC and 28% (40 of 141) for ILC (P = .44). A Node-RADS score of 3 or greater yielded the highest Youden index for predicting axillary lymph node metastasis for both histologic types. At this cutoff, the sensitivity and specificity were 71.1% (268 of 377) and 86.5% (959 of 1109) for IDC and 52.5% (21 of 40) and 85.1% (86 of 101) for ILC, respectively. Although there was no evidence of a difference in specificity between the histologic types, sensitivity was significantly lower for ILC (P = .02). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.83 for IDC and 0.74 for ILC (P = .08). Multivariable logistic regression analyses confirmed Node-RADS score as an independent predictor of axillary lymph node metastasis (odds ratio, 3.1; P < .001). Conclusion The Node-RADS score demonstrated comparable performance in terms of AUC in axillary nodal evaluation for IDC and ILC but lower sensitivity for ILC. © RSNA, 2025 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Freitas in this issue.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Middle Aged
Axilla
Retrospective Studies
*Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Adult
Aged
Sensitivity and Specificity

@article {pmid40888169,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, S and Xiang, H and Huang, Z and Teng, Y and Xing, W},
title = {Feasibility and Prognostic Analysis of Neoadjuvant Therapy Followed by Breast-Conserving Surgery for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Combined with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ.},
journal = {Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {2547226},
doi = {10.1080/08941939.2025.2547226},
pmid = {40888169},
issn = {1521-0553},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/mortality/pathology ; *Mastectomy, Segmental/adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects/methods ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy/mortality/pathology ; Feasibility Studies ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/mortality/pathology ; Prognosis ; Adult ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Aged ; Disease-Free Survival ; Treatment Outcome ; Breast/pathology/surgery ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aim to investigate the oncological safety of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) followed by breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients with the presence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) on pre-NAT biopsy.

METHODS: The data of women with IDC who underwent radical surgery between January 2013 and December 2021 were retrospectively reviewed from two institutions. The study endpoints were 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and local recurrence-fee survival (LRFS).

RESULTS: Overall, 994 eligible patients were enrolled. Patients with IDC with DCIS (n = 277) and patients undergoing BCS (n = 285) were selected separately for prognostic analysis. For patients with IDC with DCIS, the 5-year DFS (p = 0.517) and 5-year LRFS (p = 0.397) rates of the patients undergoing BCS were similar to those of patients undergoing mastectomy after propensity score matching. In addition, the 285 patients who underwent BCS were divided into the IDC + DCIS and IDC groups. The 5-year DFS (p = 0.394) and 5-year LRFS (p = 0.341) rates were similar between the IDC and IDC + DCIS groups.

CONCLUSION: NAT followed by BCS combined with adjuvant radiotherapy is a safe and feasible treatment option in patients with IDC with DCIS under the premise of strict adherence to the surgical indications and adequate incision margins.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/mortality/pathology
*Mastectomy, Segmental/adverse effects
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects/methods
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/therapy/mortality/pathology
Feasibility Studies
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/mortality/pathology
Prognosis
Adult
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology/prevention & control
Aged
Disease-Free Survival
Treatment Outcome
Breast/pathology/surgery

@article {pmid40881883,
year = {2025},
author = {Xing, C and Li, P and Yang, S and Man, Q and Zhang, X and Yuan, Q and Hu, M and Bai, Y and Zhang, K},
title = {Investigation of the efficacy and safety of lung biopsy plus microwave ablation for a solitary suspected malignant pulmonary nodule after radical mastectomy.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1525114},
doi = {10.3389/fonc.2025.1525114},
pmid = {40881883},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of CT-guided lung biopsy combined with microwave ablation (MWA) for solitary suspected malignant pulmonary nodules in post-radical surgery breast cancer patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 37 post-radical surgery breast cancer patients with solitary suspected malignant pulmonary nodules, treated with CT-guided lung biopsy and MWA between January 2014 and December 2018. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Clinical outcomes and complications were analyzed.

RESULTS: Pathological results identified primary lung cancer in 5 patients (13.5%, 5/37) and metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma (breast origin) in 30 patients (81.1%, 30/37). Major complications included pneumothorax (n=8, 21.6%), chest pain (n=6, 16.2%), and hemoptysis (n=4, 10.8%). For metastatic cases, 2-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 86.2%, 58.3%, and 35.3%, respectively. The median progression-free survival after MWA was 35 months (range: 4-72; 95% CI: 24.53-46.48), and median overall survival was 44 months (95% CI: 32.55-55.45).

CONCLUSION: CT-guided lung biopsy combined with MWA is a safe and effective approach for managing solitary suspected malignant pulmonary nodules in post-radical surgery breast cancer patients.},
}

@article {pmid40877724,
year = {2025},
author = {Chu, C and Goldman, J and Joung, H and Go, S and Jones, R and Stranix, JT},
title = {Breast Cancer Incidence Among Patients Undergoing Chest Masculinization Surgery: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40877724},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The incidence of breast cancer (BC) cases among transgender males undergoing gender-affirming mastectomy (GAM) and the future BC risk for this population are not well established. This scoping review aimed to explore breast cancer incidence rates before and after GAM in the United States.

METHODS: Following the Arskey and O'Malley framework, the search was conducted in Embase and PubMed using keywords "gender-affirming surgery" and "breast cancer." The initial search resulted in 405 articles, with 36 articles imported to Covidence for the screening and selection phase. The articles were limited to the United States alone and within the last 10 years.

RESULTS: For final inclusion, 13 articles were identified (11 observational/retrospective cohort studies and 2 case studies). Across all the studies, 42 cases of atypia, 6 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), 1 case of Paget's disease, and 10 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) were reported. Nine studies reviewed routine GAM surgical specimens (3869 cases), identifying 42 cases of atypia, 5 cases of DCIS, 1 case of Paget's disease, and 3 cases of IDC. Seven invasive carcinomas and one DCIS case were detected pre-GAM during screening and involved concurrent treatment from breast and plastic surgery teams.

CONCLUSIONS: Standardization and best-practice screening protocols, including breast imaging before GAM and pathology performed on specimens collected during GAM, are needed. A shared decision-making approach and clinical coordination, including breast and plastic surgery for patients who receive a breast cancer diagnosis while pursuing GAM, can help achieve oncologic and cosmetic goals.},
}

@article {pmid40875574,
year = {2025},
author = {Perez, A and Schaverien, MV and George-Palop, M and Chang, EI and Barcenas, CH and Viola, GM},
title = {The Impact of Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer in Reducing the Rate of Cellulitis in Patients with Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/PRS.0000000000012412},
pmid = {40875574},
issn = {1529-4242},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Poorly managed breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) may lead to recurrent cellulitis. Advances in the management of lymphedema have evolved beyond conservative decongestive therapy to include vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT). Herein, we analyzed the impact of VLNT in the reduction of upper extremity cellulitis in breast cancer survivors.

METHODS: We reviewed all patients at our institution who had breast cancer, underwent mastectomy, experienced upper extremity lymphedema, and proceeded with VLNT from 2017 to 2021. Patients were included if they had 1 or more episodes of cellulitis within the year prior to VLNT and were followed for at least 12 months.

RESULTS: We included 66 patients that fulfilled our strict inclusion criteria with a median age of 57 years (IQR, 23-76 years). All patients were female and most were White (88%), with a mean (± SD) body mass index of 29.4 ± 6.7 kg/m2. Many presented with invasive ductal carcinoma (82%), had axillary lymph node dissection (98%), received chemotherapy (94%) and radiation therapy (86%). VLNT was performed at a median of 92 months after mastectomy (IQR, 32-156 months). Overall, 58 (88%) patients remained infection-free with an infection rate decrease from an average of 2.27 before the index VLNT to 0.17 (P < .0001) after VLNT.

CONCLUSIONS: VLNT is associated with significantly decreased cellulitis rates and should be considered as part of the infectious diseases armamentarium for the treatment of recurrent upper extremity cellulitis due to BCRL without adequate clinical improvement to conservative management alone.},
}

@article {pmid40873579,
year = {2025},
author = {Baena, JC and Victoria, JS and Toro-Pedroza, A and Aragón, CC and Ortiz-Guzman, J and Garcia-Robledo, JE and Torres, D and Rios-Serna, LJ and Albornoz, L and Rosales, JD and Cañas, CA and Adolfo Cruz-Suarez, G and Osorio, FO and Fleitas, T and Laponogov, I and Loukanov, A and Veselkov, K},
title = {Smart CAR-T Nanosymbionts: archetypes and proto-models.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1635159},
pmid = {40873579},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods ; *Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology/genetics ; Animals ; *Nanoparticles ; Artificial Intelligence ; Precision Medicine/methods ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; Nanotechnology/methods ; },
abstract = {Personalized medicine has redefined cancer treatment by aligning therapies with each patient's unique biological profile. A key example is chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, in which a patient's own T cells are genetically modified to recognize and destroy cancer cells. This approach has delivered remarkable results in hematologic malignancies and is beginning to show promise in solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. However, its broader adoption is limited by major challenges, including complex manufacturing, high costs, limited efficacy in solid tumors, and potentially severe toxicities. Nanotechnology offers exciting possibilities to overcome many of these barriers. Engineered nanoparticles can improve gene delivery, target tumors more precisely, enhance immune cell function, and enable in vivo CAR-T production, reducing the need for labor-intensive ex vivo processes. However, despite this promise, translation into clinical settings remains difficult due to regulatory hurdles, scalability issues, and inconsistent reproducibility in human models. At the same time, artificial intelligence (AI), with its powerful algorithms for data analysis and predictive modeling, is transforming how we design, evaluate, and monitor advanced therapies, including the optimization of manufacturing processes. In the context of CAR-T, AI holds strong potential for better patient stratification, improved prediction of treatment response and toxicity, and faster, more precise design of CAR constructs and delivery systems. Leveraging these three technological pillars, this review introduces the concept of Smart CART Nanosymbionts, an integrated framework in which AI guides the design and deployment of nanotechnology-enhanced CAR-T therapies. We explore how this convergence enables optimization of lipid nanoparticle formulations for mRNA transfection, specific targeting and modification of the tumor microenvironment, real-time monitoring of CAR-T cell behavior and toxicity, and improved in vivo CAR-T generation and overcoming barriers in solid tumors. Finally, it's important we also address the ethical and regulatory considerations surrounding this emerging interface of living therapies and computational driven systems. The Smart CART Nanosymbionts framework (Figure 1:) represents a transformative step forward, promising to advance personalized cancer treatment toward greater precision, accessibility, and overall effectiveness.},
}

Humans
*Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
*Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology/genetics
Animals
*Nanoparticles
Artificial Intelligence
Precision Medicine/methods
*Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
Nanotechnology/methods

@article {pmid40870508,
year = {2025},
author = {Saray, S and Yılmaz, T and Kanmaz, H and İriağaç, Y},
title = {Androgen Receptor: Clinical Importance in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving CDK 4/6 Inhibitor Treatment.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {61},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/medicina61081464},
pmid = {40870508},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Receptors, Androgen/analysis ; Aged ; Adult ; *Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/antagonists & inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/antagonists & inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Retrospective Studies ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Estrogen/analysis ; ROC Curve ; Clinical Relevance ; },
abstract = {Background and Objectives: The effect of AR expression on prognosis in hormone receptor-positive her2-negative breast cancer is controversial. There are studies showing that AR is a treatment target, a mechanism of resistance to endocrine treatments, and a prognostic indicator in these patients whose standard treatment is a CDK 4/6 inhibitor added to endocrine treatment. We aimed to investigate the effect of AR, the AR/ER ratio, and the AR/PR ratio on CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment response in breast cancer, as well as their effects on PFS, and to validate the hypothesis that AR is a target for research. Materials and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with metastatic hormone receptor-positive her2-negative breast cancer and received cdk4/6 inhibitor + aromatase inhibitor in first-line therapy were included in this study conducted at Balıkesir Atatürk City Hospital. The tru-cut biopsy samples of the patients were evaluated immunohistochemically for AR, ER, and PR. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the estimated median survival in PFS analyses, and the variables were compared with the Log-Rank test. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to determine the ideal cut-off. Cox regression analysis was used in univariate survival models, and the multivariate model was established with the "Forward: Likelihood Ratio (LR)" method. Hazard ratios (HRs) were also calculated as 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). A p value below 0.05 was accepted for statistical significance. Results: In total, 41 patients were included in the study, and 73% (n = 30) of the patients were AR-positive. Increased AR (HR 1.014; 95% CI: 1.002-1.026; p = 0.023) was an unfavorable prognostic indicator. In our study, being ≥55 years old, being postmenopausal, not having visceral metastasis, having a non-IDC histology, having a low AR level (<50%), having an AR/ER ratio < 0.74, and having an AR/PR ratio < 1.00 were found to be associated with longer PFS. All factors were evaluated with univariate Cox regression analysis. Increasing AR (HR 1.014; 95% CI: 1.002-1.026; p = 0.023) was an unfavorable prognostic marker. Having an AR/ER ratio ≥ 0.74 (HR: 2.522; 95% CI: 1.004-6.336; p = 0.049) and having AR/PR ≥ 1 (HR: 2.659; 95% CI: 1.029-6.869; p = 0.043) were negative prognostic indicators. Conclusions: Our results were consistent with the literature and demonstrated the value of the androgen receptor as a therapeutic target, a mechanism explaining resistance to endocrine therapy, and an adverse prognostic indicator for creating resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
Middle Aged
*Receptors, Androgen/analysis
Aged
Adult
*Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/antagonists & inhibitors/therapeutic use
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/antagonists & inhibitors/therapeutic use
Prognosis
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Retrospective Studies
Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
ROC Curve
Clinical Relevance

@article {pmid40868386,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, F and Chen, W and Zhang, J and Zou, J and Gu, B and Yang, H and Hu, S and Liu, X and Song, S},
title = {2.5D Deep Learning and Machine Learning for Discriminative DLBCL and IDC with Radiomics on PET/CT.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bioengineering12080873},
pmid = {40868386},
issn = {2306-5354},
support = {U23A2046//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82272035//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 23DZ2291400//Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Projects/ ; 23TS1400800//Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Projects/ ; SACA-AX202316//Soaring Plan of the Anti-Cancer Association/ ; SHDC 12023103//Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center Project/ ; },
abstract = {We aimed to establish non-invasive diagnostic models comparable to pathology testing and explore reliable digital imaging biomarkers to classify diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Our study enrolled 386 breast nodules from 279 patients with DLBCL and IDC, which were pathologically confirmed and underwent [18]F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18]F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) examination. Patients from two centers were separated into internal and external cohorts. Notably, we introduced 2.5D deep learning and machine learning to extract features, develop models, and discover biomarkers. Performances were assessed using the area under curve (AUC) and confusion matrix. Additionally, the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) and local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) techniques were employed to interpret the model. On the internal cohort, the optimal model PT_TDC_SVM achieved an accuracy of 0.980 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.957-0.991) and an AUC of 0.992 (95% CI: 0.946-0.998), surpassing the other models. On the external cohort, the accuracy was 0.975 (95% CI: 0.913-0.993) and the AUC was 0.996 (95% CI: 0.972-0.999). The optimal imaging biomarker PET_LBP-2D_gldm_DependenceEntropy demonstrated an average accuracy of 0.923/0.937 on internal/external testing. Our study presented an innovative automated model for DLBCL and IDC, identifying reliable digital imaging biomarkers with significant potential.},
}

@article {pmid40868059,
year = {2025},
author = {Pérez-Rodríguez, ND and Martín-Ramírez, R and González-Fernández, R and Maeso, MDC and Ávila, J and Martín-Vasallo, P},
title = {Functional Disruption of IQGAP1 by Truncated PALB2 in Two Cases of Breast Cancer: Implications for Proliferation and Invasion.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines13081804},
pmid = {40868059},
issn = {2227-9059},
support = {FIISIC EMER24/02//Gobierno de Canarias/ ; 87406381//Pfizer (General Research Pre-clinical/Clinical)/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Truncating mutations in PALB2, a critical component of the BRCA1-PALB2-BRCA2 homologous recombination repair complex, are associated with increased risk and aggressiveness of breast cancer. The consequences of PALB2 truncation on the expression, localization, and functional dynamics of the scaffold protein IQGAP1 were investigated in this study based on two cases of truncated PALB2 human breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), specifically, c.1240C>T (p.Arg414*) and c.2257C>T (p.Arg753*). Methods: Using confocal microscopy, we examined co-expression patterns of IQGAP1 with PALB2, PCNA, CK7, and β-tubulin in tumor tissues from both control cancer and PALB2-mutated cases. Results: In PALB2-truncated tumors, IQGAP1 exhibited enhanced peripheral and plasma membrane localization with elevated co-localization levels compared to controls, suggesting altered cytoskeletal organization. PALB2 truncation increased nuclear and cytoplasmic N-terminal PALB2 immunoreactivity, indicating the presence of truncated isoforms disrupting the homologous recombination repair system. Co-expression analyses with PCNA revealed an inverse expression pattern between IQGAP1 and proliferation markers, suggesting S-phase cell cycle-dependent heterogeneity. Furthermore, the loss of IQGAP1 dominance over CK7 and β-tubulin in mutant tumors, along with persistent intercellular spacing, implied a loss of cell-cell cohesion and the acquisition of invasive traits. Conclusions: These data support a model where PALB2 truncation triggers a reorganization of IQGAP1 that disrupts its canonical structural functions and facilitates tumor progression via enhanced motility and impaired cell-cell interaction. IQGAP1 thus serves as both a functional effector and potential biomarker in PALB2-mutated IDC, opening novel paths for diagnosis and targeted therapeutic intervention.},
}

@article {pmid40865509,
year = {2025},
author = {Yoneyama, K and Nakagawa, M and Hara, A},
title = {A case report of male breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {135},
number = {},
pages = {111804},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.111804},
pmid = {40865509},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Male breast cancer is a rare disease that accounts for less than 1 % of all breast cancer cases. The most common surgical treatment for male breast cancer is mastectomy, but breast-conserving surgery has been performed increasingly in recent years. This report describes a case of male breast cancer that was treated by breast-conserving surgery.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old man visited our hospital complaining of a painless mass in his left breast. Imaging revealed a well-defined cystic mass, aspiration of which revealed bloody fluid. Cytology was inconclusive, but the findings were suggestive of malignancy. A left lumpectomy was performed for diagnostic purposes. Postoperative pathology revealed invasive ductal carcinoma with a predominant intraductal component. The surgical margins were negative. The patient declined adjuvant hormone therapy and radiotherapy and has been kept under follow-up in the year since surgery. There has been no recurrence during this time.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: As in women, the goals of treatment for breast cancer in men are oncological safety and satisfactory cosmetic results. In the absence of specific guidelines for the treatment of male breast cancer, mastectomy is currently the standard treatment. However, in recent years, breast-conserving surgery has been performed for tumors that are discovered early and do not invade the nipple and areola. If curability and safety can be guaranteed, breast-conserving surgery can be considered for male breast cancer.

CONCLUSION: Breast-conserving surgery can be an effective treatment option in men with breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40863403,
year = {2025},
author = {Roshan, M and Mudrack, C and Sulaj, A and von Rauchhaupt, E and Fleming, T and Schimpfle, L and Seebauer, L and Flegka, V and Longo, VD and Kliemank, E and Herzig, S and Hohneck, A and Kender, Z and Szendroedi, J and Kopf, S},
title = {Exploring the Relationship Between Insulin Resistance, Liver Health, and Restrictive Lung Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40863403},
issn = {2075-4426},
support = {Collaborative Research Center 1118 (CRC1118)//Federal Ministry for Research (BMBF)/German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)./ ; },
abstract = {Background: Restrictive lung disease (RLD) is a potential complication in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but its relationship with insulin resistance and liver-related metabolic dysfunction remains unclear. This study evaluated the association between lung function and metabolic markers in T2D and retrospectively assessed whether metabolic improvements from dietary intervention were accompanied by changes in lung function. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 184 individuals (101 with T2D, 33 with prediabetes, and 50 glucose-tolerant individuals). Lung function parameters-vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity by plethysmography (TLC-B), and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (TLCO)-were assessed alongside metabolic markers including HOMA2-IR, fatty liver index (FLI), NAFLD score, and Fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4). In a subset of 54 T2D participants, lung function was reassessed after six months following either a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD, n = 14), Mediterranean diet (n = 13), or no dietary intervention (n = 27). Results: T2D participants had significantly lower VC and TLC-B compared to glucose-tolerant and prediabetic individuals, with 18-21% falling below clinical thresholds for RLD. Lung volumes were negatively correlated with HOMA2-IR, FLI, NAFLD score, and FIB-4 across the cohort and within the T2D group. Although the FMD intervention led to significant improvements in HOMA2-IR and FLI, no corresponding changes in lung function were observed over the six-month period. Conclusions: Restrictive lung impairment in T2D is associated with insulin resistance and markers of liver steatosis and fibrosis. While short-term dietary interventions can improve metabolic parameters, their effect on lung function may require a longer duration or additional interventions and targeted follow-up. These findings highlight the relevance of pulmonary assessment in individuals with metabolic dysfunction.},
}

@article {pmid40863096,
year = {2025},
author = {Cioroianu, RA and Schenker, M and Rădulescu, VM and Berisha, TC and Cioroianu, GO and Popescu, M and Ciofiac, CM and Petrescu, AM and Mogoantă, SȘ},
title = {Therapeutic Patterns and Surgical Decision-Making in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Regional Cohort Study in Romania.},
journal = {Clinics and practice},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40863096},
issn = {2039-7275},
abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women globally. In Romania, it is the most frequent form of cancer affecting women, with approximately 12,000 new cases diagnosed annually, and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality, second only to lung cancer. Methods: This study looked at 79 breast cancer patients from Oltenia, concentrating on epidemiology, histology, diagnostic features, and treatments. Patients were chosen based on inclusion criteria such as histopathologically verified diagnosis, availability of clinical and treatment data, and follow-up information. The analyzed biological material consisted of tissue samples taken from the breast parenchyma and axillary lymph nodes. Even though not the primary subject of this paper, all patients underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation both preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: We found invasive ductal carcinoma to be the predominant type, while ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and mixed types were rare. We performed cross-tabulations of metastasis versus nodal status and age versus therapy type; none reached significance (all p > 0.05), suggesting observed differences were likely due to chance. A chi-square test comparing surgical interventions (breast-conserving vs. mastectomy) in patients who did or did not receive chemotherapy showed, χ[2] = 3.17, p = 0.367, indicating that chemotherapy did not significantly influence surgical choice. Importantly, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were used at similar rates across age groups, whereas neoadjuvant hormonal (endocrine) therapy was more common in older patients (but without statistical significance). Conclusions: Finally, we discussed the consequences of individualized care and early detection. Romania's shockingly low screening rate, which contributes to delayed diagnosis, emphasizes the importance of improved population medical examination and tailored treatment options. Also, the country has one of the lowest rates of mammography uptake in Europe and no systematic population screening program.},
}

@article {pmid40861718,
year = {2025},
author = {Kawthalkar, A and Nayak, S and Jaiswal, K},
title = {Cytology in Mucinous Breast Carcinoma: Diagnostic Insights and a Rare Bilateral Case.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e88670},
pmid = {40861718},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Introduction Cytological evaluation of breast lumps is often conducted as part of the triple test for breast carcinomas and provides a confirmation of the clinical and radiological diagnosis. Mucinous carcinomas of the breast, while a relatively rare entity, are important to recognize due to their favorable prognosis. The present research has been designed to study and highlight the specific cytological features of mucinous carcinoma of the breast as well as present a rare case of cytologically diagnosed bilateral breast mucinous carcinoma. Materials and methods A two-year retrospective analysis of cytologically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed cases of mucinous carcinoma of the breast was conducted. Relevant clinical and radiological details were noted and included in the study. All slides were assessed for specific features that assist in the final diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma based on cytology alone. Results A total of seven cases of mucinous carcinoma of the breast in a span of two years were identified on cytology. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) yielded mucoid material in all cases. Abundant extracellular mucin was observed in all cases. In all cases, there was abundant cellularity. Most of the epithelial cells were seen to be arranged predominantly in clusters. In all cases, cells were uniform and had a moderate amount of cytoplasm and a round nucleus showing mild atypia. Branching, delicate capillary fragments (chicken-wire vascularity) were noted in six (85%) cases. Histopathological correlation was available for all cases, confirming mucinous carcinoma. There was a single case of metachronous bilateral breast mucinous carcinomas, with the right and left breast lesions being palpable five and three years back, respectively, by the patient. Discussion The mean size, age group, and cytological features were consistent with the findings of previous studies. Typically, pure mucinous subtypes show abundant extracellular mucin with floating islands and isolated tumor cells within on histopathology. Mixed mucinous carcinomas often show more solid areas with an invasive ductal carcinoma component. In the present study, there was a single case of bilateral mucinous carcinoma of the breast, making it only the third case to be reported so far. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first case of mucinous carcinoma presenting in bilateral breasts to be reported on FNAC. Conclusion Strict adherence to the above diagnostic cytologic criteria, which includes abundant pools of mucin, tight clusters of epithelial cells exhibiting mild atypia, and branching capillaries, is the key to a confident diagnosis of mucinous carcinoma of the breast on cytology. Though extremely rare, bilateral mucinous carcinoma of the breast does occur and can be reliably diagnosed on cytology.},
}

@article {pmid40860639,
year = {2025},
author = {Jassim, GA and AlMohri, MA and AlAsoomi, HY and AlNooh, A and AlDoseri, SF},
title = {Performance Metrics of Mammography Screening Programmes in Primary Health Care Centres in Bahrain.},
journal = {International journal of women's health},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {2583-2593},
pmid = {40860639},
issn = {1179-1411},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mammography is the cornerstone of breast cancer screening. Its diagnostic performance, however, is influenced by population demographics such as age and breast density.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish contemporary performance benchmarks for mammography screening in Bahrain's primary health-care centres (PHCs) and to identify areas for quality improvement.

METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective analysis was performed on mammograms from asymptomatic women aged ≥40 years who were screened in 2020 at primary health care centres. Screening outcomes were cross-referenced with subsequent breast cancer diagnoses recorded in the Bahrain Cancer Registry (2021-2022). Mammographic findings were categorised using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), and performance metrics including the cancer detection rate (CDR), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated.

RESULTS: A total of 2196 screening mammograms were included, with a mean patient age of 56.1 years. The cancer detection rate was 12.3 per 1000 screens, and the recall rate was 30.6%. Sensitivity and specificity were 69.2% and 71.2%, respectively, and the interval cancer rate was 5.4 per 1000. The most common breast density category was "scattered fibroglandular" (61.8%). Recall rates were significantly associated with breast density (p < 0.001). Among the 39 patients diagnosed with breast cancer, invasive ductal carcinoma was the most prevalent subtype (71.8%).

CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the moderate utility of mammography screening in Bahrain, characterised by a relatively high recall rate and a need to optimise reporting standards and recall criteria. Tailored strategies such as supplemental imaging for women with dense or high-risk breasts, strict adherence to BI-RADS guidelines, and implementing double reading or single reading with computer-aided detection could improve screening outcomes. These results establish important regional performance benchmarks and can inform policies to enhance breast cancer detection and management in the Arabian Gulf region.},
}

@article {pmid40858478,
year = {2025},
author = {Garcia-Tejedor, A and Julià, C and Ciria, J and Guevara-Peralta, R and Ortega-Expósito, C and Ortega, R and Stradella, A and Pérez-Montero, H and Reyes-Juncan, G and Benitez, A and Guma, A and Azcarate, J and Campos, M and Plà, MJ and Martinez, E and Pernas, S and Ponce, J and Falo, C},
title = {Prognostic Outcomes by Axillary Approach in Lobular and Ductal Breast Cancer With Sentinel Node Macrometastases: A Retrospective Cohort Study.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2025.07.022},
pmid = {40858478},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To compare survival outcomes between patients with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma non-special type (NST) presenting with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB)-detected macrometastases in early-stage breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including 364 cN0 breast cancer patients with SLNB-detected macrometastases who underwent surgical treatment between July 2011 and December 2023. Patients were categorized as NST (n = 250) or ILC (n = 108). SLNB was the primary axillary staging procedure, with axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) performed according to predefined clinical criteria. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify predictors of pN2-pN3. Survival outcomes were assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared with log-rank tests.

RESULTS: ILC patients presented with larger tumors, higher rates of multifocality, and greater axillary nodal involvement compared to NST. Surgery was more frequently mastectomy and ALND. pN2-N3 was identified in 12% of cases, with pT3 stage, ILC histology, and lymphovascular invasion as independent predictors. After a median follow-up of 7.6 years, the ILC group exhibited higher overall mortality (19.4% vs. 9.6%) and deaths attributed to systemic progression (57% vs. 29%). Ten-year distant disease-free survival and breast cancer-specific survival were significantly lower in the ILC cohort (63% vs. 87% and 65% vs. 93%, respectively; P < .05). Although 10-year overall survival was lower in ILC (54% vs. 79%), statistical significance was only observed in patients with advanced nodal disease (pN2-N3).

CONCLUSIONS: ILC is associated with more advanced axillary burden and significantly worse long-term oncologic outcomes compared to NST carcinoma when macrometastases are present at SLNB.},
}

@article {pmid40852646,
year = {2025},
author = {Elias, TM and Desa, DE and Brown, EB and Paul, S and Ramirez, GA and Turner, BM and Madden, K and Gonzalez, RS and Weiss, A and Brown, EB},
title = {Exploring racial differences in second-harmonic-generation-based prognostic indicators of metastasis in breast and colon cancer.},
journal = {Biophotonics discovery},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {40852646},
issn = {3005-4745},
abstract = {SIGNIFICANCE: Second-harmonic generation (SHG) analysis of collagen internal structure and overall organization in the tumor microenvironment may enhance current metastasis prediction methods, which do not prognosticate with the same accuracy for patients of different races. For these optical tools to be clinically available, a multicenter trial is needed. We investigate if SHG-based prognostic signals vary with patient race, providing insight for designing such a trial.

AIM: SHG imaging was performed on colon adenocarcinoma (CRC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patient samples to derive two prognostic indicators. We assessed the association between these indicators and patient race.

APPROACH: SHG images were analyzed as previously described to determine the forward- to backward-SHG scattering ratio (F/B) and fiber angle variability (FAV). Both prognostic measurements were compared between Black and White patients.

RESULTS: In the IDC cohort, F/B from the tumor-stroma interface differed significantly between demographic groups. For the CRC cohort, a trend was observed in the tumor-stroma interface and tumor bulk. FAV did not vary by race in either cohort.

CONCLUSIONS: F/B variation with patient race suggests the relationship between F/B and metastatic outcome may vary with patient race. These findings highlight the potential need for race-specific prognostic algorithms to improve metastasis prediction for all patients.},
}

@article {pmid40849879,
year = {2025},
author = {Oolbekkink, S and Wolthaus, JWH and van Asselen, B and Stijnman, PRS and Raaymakers, BW},
title = {Development and demonstration of end-to-end testing for intra-fraction motion-managed workflows.},
journal = {Medical physics},
volume = {52},
number = {9},
pages = {e18042},
doi = {10.1002/mp.18042},
pmid = {40849879},
issn = {2473-4209},
support = {18495//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; },
mesh = {*Workflow ; Movement ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Humans ; Radiometry ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intra-fraction motion management techniques, including beam gating and intra-fraction drift correction (IDC), have recently been introduced on the Unity MR-linac (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) to mitigate the dosimetric impact of motion during treatment. However, residual motion (e.g., within the gating window) still affects the delivered dose, causing deviations from the statically planned dose. Conventional end-to-end (E2E) testing does not incorporate such (known) motion, hampering evaluation of motion managed workflows.

PURPOSE: This study develops and demonstrates novel methods that incorporate known motion before treatment delivery. Using such a reference dose distribution allows for E2E testing of intra-fraction motion-managed workflows.

METHODS: A novel approach was developed to assess the E2E accuracy for motion-managed delivery techniques by comparing the measured dose distribution to a reference dose distribution that incorporates the applied motion during the delivery. Two motion-included reference dose distributions were generated and evaluated: (1) A Priori Motion-Included (APriMI) dose distribution which uses the known (periodic) motion to estimate the influence of anatomical motion on the dose distribution, and incorporates this into a new dose distribution; and (2) the Posteriori Motion-Included (PostMI) dose distribution, which adds an external trigger to relate the beam-on/off time to the motion of the setup. This allows for evaluation of non-periodic motion, or a drift motion during IDC workflows. In addition to these, the conventionally used static treatment planning system (TPS) dose distribution was used as a reference dose distribution. Several scenarios were evaluated: static (no phantom motion), two unmanaged, and two motion-managed scenarios using the Comprehensive Motion Management (CMM) software (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) for gated and IDC workflows, with cos 4 $\mathrm{cos^4}$
and linear drift motion patterns. All measurements were performed on a clinical Unity MR-linac equipped with CMM software, using film dosimeters for high spatial resolution dose distribution assessment. The geometric and dosimetric E2E accuracy of the workflow were evaluated for all scenarios.

RESULTS: First, the static benchmark scenario was evaluated and showed high agreement between the measured dose distribution and all reference dose distributions (i.e., static, APriMI, and PostMI). For the motion-included scenarios, excellent agreement was observed between the measured and calculated dose distributions in both unmanaged and managed cases when using either APriMI or PostMI. The largest geometric shift in the motion included scenarios was 0.3 mm, comparable to the static scenario. Dosimetric accuracy, evaluated using a global gamma index (2%/2 mm), exceeded 95.5%. As expected, larger deviations occurred when the static dose distribution was used as a reference, with geometric shifts up to 9.0 mm and gamma pass rates as low as 17.8%.

CONCLUSIONS: E2E testing of intra-fraction motion-managed workflows is possible using APriMI and PostMI dose distributions. Strong agreement was observed with these motion-included distributions, while larger deviations were seen with the static dose distribution. These findings highlight the need for reference dose files that account for actual motion in the measurement setup to assess E2E accuracy of motion-included workflows.},
}

*Workflow
Movement
Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
Radiotherapy Dosage
Humans
Radiometry

@article {pmid40849199,
year = {2025},
author = {Tank, P and Vora, S and D'Souza, F and Kamble, SS and Rameshkumar, N},
title = {Advanced mass spectrometry techniques for monitoring biopharmaceutical host cell proteins.},
journal = {Trends in biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tibtech.2025.07.026},
pmid = {40849199},
issn = {1879-3096},
abstract = {Residual host cell proteins (HCPs) in biologic drug products can compromise safety or stability and must be carefully monitored. While traditional immunoassays remain essential, they often lack specificity or coverage. Mass spectrometry (MS) offers a complementary approach by enabling direct identification and quantification of individual HCPs throughout development. This review highlights recent advances in MS technologies and workflows relevant to HCP detection, including new data acquisition strategies, software tools, and artificial intelligence applications. We also discuss regulatory perspectives and considerations for implementing MS in controlled environments. By integrating analytical innovations with risk-based strategies, MS-based approaches are becoming key components of modern biopharmaceutical quality control.},
}

@article {pmid40841699,
year = {2025},
author = {SeyedForootan, F and Mahdavi, N and Koopaie, M},
title = {Mandibular metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {423},
pmid = {40841699},
issn = {1752-1947},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; *Mandibular Neoplasms/secondary/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology ; *Mandibular Fractures/etiology/diagnostic imaging ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Liver Neoplasms/secondary ; Fatal Outcome ; *Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metastasis of breast carcinoma to the oral cavity is an uncommon event, and mandibular involvement is even rarer. This case is notable owing to the delayed occurrence of mandibular metastasis 6 years after the primary diagnosis, highlighting its aggressive behavior, which resulted in a pathological mandibular fracture. Reporting such rare presentations can aid clinicians in identifying atypical metastatic patterns in breast cancer survivors.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 45 year-old Persian female with a history of invasive ductal breast carcinoma, diagnosed initially and treated 6 years earlier, presented with facial swelling and pain in the left lower jaw. She had been receiving bisphosphonate therapy for bone metastases. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed a radiolucent mandibular lesion with cortical bone perforation. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed metastasis from the primary breast cancer. Despite subsequent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the lesion progressed, resulting in a pathological mandibular fracture and further metastases to the lungs and liver.

CONCLUSION: This case underscores the importance of considering metastatic disease in diagnosing oral lesions in patients with a history of malignancy. Early recognition of atypical presentations such as mandibular metastasis may facilitate timely intervention, although prognosis remains poor in such advanced stages.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
*Mandibular Neoplasms/secondary/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology
*Mandibular Fractures/etiology/diagnostic imaging
Lung Neoplasms/secondary
Liver Neoplasms/secondary
Fatal Outcome
*Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology

@article {pmid40840868,
year = {2025},
author = {Chilumukuru, NS and Priyadarshini, P and Ezunkpe, Y},
title = {Deep Learning for the Early Detection of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma in Histopathological Images: Convolutional Neural Network Approach With Transfer Learning.},
journal = {JMIR formative research},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e62996},
doi = {10.2196/62996},
pmid = {40840868},
issn = {2561-326X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Deep Learning ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis/pathology ; *Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; *Neural Networks, Computer ; Convolutional Neural Networks ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is considered the most common form of breast cancer, accounting for a significant percentage of mortality worldwide. Therefore, its early detection is vital to further improve patients' outcomes and survival rates. However, conventional diagnostic methods in the form of manual histopathological examinations are time-consuming, subjective, and prone to errors. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop automated solutions for accurate IDC detection in histopathology images to assist pathologists in clinical decision-making.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to develop and validate a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for early detection of IDC by analyzing histopathological images. The specific objectives are designing a deep learning-based technique for automated detection of IDC, assessing its performance compared to traditional diagnostic methods, and evaluating its utility in a clinical setup for early breast cancer diagnosis. These methods will be available to practitioners in underdeveloped countries via an open-source application.

METHODS: The dataset for the research included 277,524 publicly available histopathological images from Kaggle, comprising both IDC-positive and IDC-negative images. About 71.6% of images were IDC-positive (class 0), while 28.4% were IDC-negative (class 1). Since our data are unbalanced, we created a weighted loss function to overcome the class imbalance problem. Further development was based on a CNN using the approach of transfer learning with a pretrained architecture called Visual Geometry Group to uplift feature extraction so that performance may improve; hence, images were preprocessed and normalized to perform augmentation with robustness. The model was developed using a split of 80% for training and 20% for testing. Model performance was measured for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, recall, and F1-score in the confusion matrix and classification report.

RESULTS: From our CNN base model, we obtained an accuracy of 89% on the test set. Later, the base model was used with a weighted loss function to balance the class weights, giving a lower accuracy of 86% on the test set. Data augmentation was performed but did not improve the results. To deal with the class imbalance effectively, we performed transfer learning with a pretrained model, which gave an accuracy of 90% on the test set.

CONCLUSIONS: The CNN-based model thus showed accuracy and reliability for early detection of IDC from histopathological images. This technique will potentially act as an efficient and accurate assistant tool for pathologists, contributing to the early diagnosis of breast cancer and improving clinical outcomes. This paper provides an important contribution toward refining the performance of this model and widening its applications in a clinical setting by integrating it with other diagnostic techniques for better outcomes.},
}

Humans
*Deep Learning
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis/pathology
*Early Detection of Cancer/methods
*Neural Networks, Computer
Convolutional Neural Networks

@article {pmid40836963,
year = {2025},
author = {Osman, H and Hassan, M and Alfaki, M and Haj-Ali, G},
title = {Association between VEGF gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk.},
journal = {Biochemistry and biophysics reports},
volume = {43},
number = {},
pages = {102202},
pmid = {40836963},
issn = {2405-5808},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer (BC) poses a significant global health challenge. In Sudan, the absence of a national cancer registry has resulted in an underestimation of BC incidence. BC is notably the most common cancer among Sudanese women, especially affecting those under 50, with many cases diagnosed at advanced stages. Angiogenesis, driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), plays a critical role in the progression and recurrence of BC. This study examines the relationship between the VEGF (rs699947) gene polymorphism and BC among Sudanese women in Khartoum State in 2022. Methodology: A case-control study was conducted with 30 BC patients, and tissue samples were collected for molecular analysis. DNA was extracted and genotyped for the VEGF (rs699947) polymorphism using allele-specific PCR.

RESULTS: No statistically significant association was found between the VEGF-2578 C > A polymorphism and BC risk in our study population. Although the A allele was more prevalent in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues, with no significant correlation with tumor stage or grade. The study revealed that BC in Sudanese women often presents at younger ages and is predominantly invasive ductal carcinoma, with stage II being the most common.

CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the necessity for continued research to explore additional genetic factors and improve our understanding of BC and associated risks. Advancing early detection and prevention methods is vital, particularly for underrepresented populations. However, the small sample size in this study may limit the statistical power to detect significant associations, and thus, findings should be interpreted with caution.},
}

@article {pmid40835571,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, W and Deng, S and Mao, G and Wang, N and Huang, Y and Zhang, C and Sa, G and Wu, S and An, Y},
title = {Differentiation of Suspicious Microcalcifications Using Deep Learning: DCIS or IDC.},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2025.07.062},
pmid = {40835571},
issn = {1878-4046},
abstract = {RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the value of a deep learning-based model in distinguishing between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) manifesting suspicious microcalcifications on mammography.

MATERIALS: A total of 294 breast cancer cases (106 DCIS and 188 IDC) from two centers were randomly allocated into training, internal validation and external validation sets in this retrospective study. Clinical variables differentiating DCIS from IDC were identified through univariate and multivariate analyses and used to build a clinical model. Deep learning features were extracted using Resnet101 and selected by minimum redundancy maximum correlation (mRMR) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). A deep learning model was developed using deep learning features, and a combined model was constructed by combining these features with clinical variables. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the performance of each model.

RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression identified lesion type and BI-RADS category as independent predictors for differentiating DCIS from IDC. The clinical model incorporating these factors achieved an AUC of 0.67, sensitivity of 0.53, specificity of 0.81, and accuracy of 0.63 in the external validation set. In comparison, the deep learning model showed an AUC of 0.97, sensitivity of 0.94 and specificity of 0.92, accuracy of 0.93. For the combined model, the AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 0.97, 0.96, 0.92 and 0.95, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the deep learning model and combined model was comparable (p>0.05), and both models outperformed the clinical model (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Deep learning provides an effective non-invasive approach to differentiate DCIS from IDC presenting as suspicious microcalcifications on mammography.},
}

@article {pmid40829155,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Huang, R and Huang, J and Feng, L and Zhang, W},
title = {Mandibular Osteosarcoma Mimicking Bisphosphonate-associated Osteonecrosis on 99mTc-MDP Bone Scan in a Patient With Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000006105},
pmid = {40829155},
issn = {1536-0229},
abstract = {We present the case of a 27-year-old woman with a history of left breast invasive ductal carcinoma who developed mandibular osteosarcoma, as documented by 2 MDP bone scans. She had undergone a radical mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and intravenous zoledronic acid therapy. An initial bone scan 1 year later showed increased MDP uptake in the right mandible, suggesting drug-related osteonecrosis, but concurrent CT scans were normal. A follow-up bone scan performed 16 months later demonstrated increased MDP uptake in both mandibles. Subsequent partial mandibulectomy confirmed conventional osteosarcoma.},
}

@article {pmid40826794,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, S and Zhang, S},
title = {A case report of Chinese medicine combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 breast cancer.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {33},
pages = {e43387},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000043387},
pmid = {40826794},
issn = {1536-5964},
abstract = {RATIONALE: According to Chinese medicine, surgical trauma and chemotherapy aggravate patients' qi and blood deficiency and damage to the veins and channels. The combination of Chinese medicine and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can not only improve the above symptoms, but also is expected to alleviate the adverse effects of breast cancer chemotherapy, such as nausea and vomiting, thereby improving patient compliance to achieve tumor reduction or even tumor-free, and providing a new diagnostic and therapeutic idea for the clinical treatment of breast cancer. This paper reported a case of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) invasive breast cancer treated with traditional Chinese medicine combined with NACT. The lesion disappeared after 2 months of treatment and effectively reduced nausea and the symptoms of loss of appetite during NACT.

PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient was a female, 54-year-old, unintentionally found a double breast lump with tingling pain over 1 year. During this period, the patient did not pay attention to any treatment, the mass increased progressively, hard texture, unclear boundary. Denied family genetic history of breast cancer. The patient was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of both breasts (multiple metastases in right axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes), T4N3M0 (tumour staging basis), stage IIC, HER-2 positive by breast needle biopsy. In the course of NACT, the patient complained of severe nausea and vomiting, which seriously affected the quality of life and chemotherapy confidence.

DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of both breasts (multiple metastases in right axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes), T4N3M0, stage IIC, HER-2 positive.

INTERVENTIONS: The patient was treated with NACT, and traditional Chinese medicine was taken orally.

OUTCOMES: After 2 months of combination therapy, the breast mass shrank, the symptoms of nausea and vomiting were significantly relieved, and the appetite became better. The biopsy of the breast tissue cut at the completion of NACT showed no upper, lower, internal, outer, and basal lesions.

LESSONS: Chinese medicine internal effect is remarkable and safe, new adjuvant chemotherapy combined with Chinese medicine internal effectively improve nausea, vomiting symptoms, and effectively inhibit tumor hyperplasia, shrink tumor lesions, this case allows us consider whether in breast cancer new adjuvant chemotherapy combined Chinese medicine internal effect can be better, and provide new ideas for clinical treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40824585,
year = {2025},
author = {Sakata, S and Hisa, T and Ito, Y and Nishiyama, S and Kudo, A and Yamada, T and Osera, S and Fukushima, H and Hamura, R and Shiozawa, S},
title = {Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma originating from focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy demonstrated by transabdominal ultrasonography.},
journal = {Clinical journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40824585},
issn = {1865-7265},
abstract = {In this report, we present an 80-year-old man referred for evaluation of a pancreatic mass detected by transabdominal ultrasonography during health screening. Additional examinations revealed severe, long-segment focal atrophy from the pancreatic head to the body, appearing as a cord-like hypoechoic lesion on transabdominal and endoscopic ultrasonography. Although cytological examination of pancreatic juice was recommended, the patient opted for a follow-up. Three years later, a hypoechoic mass with upstream main pancreatic duct dilatation developed in the atrophic region. Cytological examination of pancreatic juice revealed adenocarcinoma, and pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed Stage IIB invasive ductal carcinoma and carcinoma in situ within the atrophic region. Retrospective review showed that focal atrophy was present on transabdominal ultrasonography 11 years before the invasive carcinoma mass appeared, progressing without main pancreatic duct dilatation until its development. During follow-up of focal atrophy, early diagnosis of carcinoma in situ or microinvasive carcinoma before main pancreatic duct dilatation is crucial. The present case suggests that severe, long-segment focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy can be detected by transabdominal ultrasonography and that carcinoma in situ within the focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy may progress to invasive carcinoma.},
}

@article {pmid40821286,
year = {2025},
author = {Silva, MJ and Patel, J and Huang, A and Lo Gullo, R and Pinker-Domenig, K},
title = {Breast Plasmacytoma as the Initial Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma in a 36-Year-Old Woman.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e87929},
pmid = {40821286},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) of the breast are extremely rare and may present as the initial manifestation of multiple myeloma (MM). We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with a rapidly growing right breast mass. Mammography and ultrasound revealed an oval, circumscribed, heterogeneous, vascular mass, measuring up to 4.2 cm, categorized as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4. Core needle biopsy revealed a plasmablastic/plasmacytic neoplasm with strong CD138 expression, lambda light chain restriction, high Ki-67 index, and negative Epstein-Barr virus early RNA in situ hybridization (EBER-ISH), consistent with plasmablastic plasmacytoma. Systemic staging confirmed the diagnosis of MM, and the patient underwent chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation. This case illustrates how breast plasmacytoma (BP) can mimic primary breast malignancies on imaging, particularly triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma, lymphoma, or malignant phyllodes tumor. Although rare, it should be considered in younger patients with atypical breast masses. Diagnosis relies on biopsy with histopathological and immunophenotypic confirmation. Early recognition and biopsy are key, as BP may mimic aggressive breast malignancies and carry prognostic significance in MM.},
}

@article {pmid40821164,
year = {2025},
author = {Iwaisako, N and Oura, S},
title = {Bilateral Breast Reconstruction Using Extended Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous Flaps for Metachronous Bilateral Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e88024},
pmid = {40821164},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {A 49-year-old woman had undergone radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB), followed by radiation therapy for her right breast cancer at the age of 31. The patient had further undergone nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM), SNB, and immediate breast reconstruction using an extended latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap (eLDMCF) for her left breast cancer at the age of 43. Follow-up mammography further revealed widespread linear calcifications in the right breast. Core needle biopsy pathologically showed atypical cells growing in trabecular and tubular fashions with connective tissue proliferation, leading to the diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma. Due to the patient's strong preference for not using silicone prosthesis on right breast reconstruction, the patient underwent NSM and SNB, followed by immediate breast reconstruction using the right eLDMCF after obtaining full informed consent about the unknown bilateral eLDMCF harvesting effect on respiratory function. The patient recovered uneventfully and showed respiratory function as follows: preoperative 2.69 L to postoperative 2.46 L in vital capacity and preoperative 2.1 L to postoperative 1.83 L in forced expiratory volume in one second. The patient reported no respiratory symptoms and has been fully satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes of the reconstructed right breast. These results suggest that bilateral breast reconstruction using eLDMCFs can be a good therapeutic option for metachronous bilateral breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40814164,
year = {2025},
author = {Volfson, E and Moshkovich, M and Yakubov, R and Dalson, J and Kirshen, C},
title = {Dermatologic Mimickers of Paget's Disease of the Breast: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of cutaneous medicine and surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {12034754251364870},
doi = {10.1177/12034754251364870},
pmid = {40814164},
issn = {1615-7109},
abstract = {Mammary Paget disease (MPD) is a rare form of breast cancer that accounts for just 1% to 4% of all cases and is often associated with underlying malignancies such as ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma. Its clinical presentation frequently mimics benign dermatologic conditions or malignant melanoma, leading to diagnostic confusion and significant treatment delays. This review explores the diagnostic challenges and patterns of misdiagnosis in MPD, as well as the consequences of delayed recognition. A comprehensive search of Embase and MEDLINE identified 29 studies reporting on 32 cases of MPD, all of which were initially misdiagnosed-most commonly as melanoma (44.4%) and atopic dermatitis (25.0%). The average diagnostic delay was 2.3 years. Most lesions were unilateral (93.8%) and involved the nipple-areolar complex (87.5%). Imaging modalities demonstrated limited sensitivity, reinforcing the importance of early biopsy for timely diagnosis. Surgical intervention was the predominant treatment approach, employed in 75% of cases, and no recurrences were reported during a mean follow-up of 1.3 years. These findings underscore the urgent need for heightened clinical suspicion, earlier tissue sampling, and the development of standardized diagnostic pathways to reduce misdiagnosis and improve outcomes in patients with MPD.},
}

@article {pmid40812028,
year = {2025},
author = {Khesali, M and Yazdi, SAM},
title = {Spontaneous migration of a port catheter tip to the pulmonary vein: A case report of an uncommon complication.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {134},
number = {},
pages = {111777},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.111777},
pmid = {40812028},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Port catheters are commonly used for chemotherapy in cancer patients. However, complications such as spontaneous catheter tip migration can occur, leading to symptoms like pain, infection, or venous thrombosis, with factors like Changes in thoracic pressure potentially contributing to this rare phenomenon.

CASE PRESENTATION: This report details the case of a 44-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast who developed a cough following six chemotherapy sessions.

CLINICAL SISCUSSION: Imaging revealed that the catheter tip had migrated from the superior vena cava (SVC) to the right pulmonary vein.

CONCLUSION: The catheter was successfully removed using minimally invasive intravascular techniques under angiography guidance.},
}

@article {pmid40810087,
year = {2025},
author = {Suzuki, D and Oshi, M and Nishikawa, A and Kawashima, K and Sasamoto, M and Shibata, Y and Adachi, S and Narui, K and Takase, H and Yamada, A and Fujii, S and Endo, I},
title = {Breast Cancer With Airway Edema Caused by Metastatic Fracture of the Cervical Vertebra.},
journal = {World journal of oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {422-425},
pmid = {40810087},
issn = {1920-454X},
abstract = {Bone is a common site of breast cancer metastasis, with the spine showing a particularly high affinity. An 83-year-old Japanese woman with Alzheimer's disease presented with a palpable mass in her left breast. A needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, with lymph node metastasis. Chest dynamic computed tomography showed no distant metastases. She was diagnosed with luminal-type, stage IIB (T2N1M0) breast cancer and underwent surgery. During induction of general anesthesia, intubation was difficult due to airway edema, necessitating bronchoscopy. The day after surgery, she reported neck pain, and radiography revealed a compression fracture of the third cervical vertebra. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a metastatic lesion in the third cervical vertebra. Postoperatively, she received endocrine therapy with letrozole, radiation therapy with zoledronic acid, and a cervical collar for cervical metastases. Seven months later, the osteolytic lesion calcified, and her pain improved. This case is unique because solitary cervical vertebral metastases from breast cancer, leading to compression fractures and airway edema, are rare. The case highlights the importance of considering cervical metastases in patients with breast cancer who develop airway difficulties or unexplained neck pain, particularly in the perioperative setting. Early recognition and intervention are crucial for preventing complications and optimizing patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40807127,
year = {2025},
author = {McMahon, JE and Craig, A and Cameron, ID},
title = {Development of Cut Scores for Feigning Spectrum Behavior on the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale: A Simulation Study.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40807127},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Feigning spectrum behavior (FSB) is the exaggeration, fabrication, or false imputation of symptoms. It occurs in compensable injury with great cost to society by way of loss of productivity and excessive costs. The aim of this study is to identify feigning by developing cut scores on the long and short forms (SF) of the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (OMPSQ and OMPSQ-SF) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS and PSS-4). Methods: As part of pre-screening for a support program, 40 injured workers who had been certified unfit for work for more than 2 weeks were screened once with the OMPSQ and PSS by telephone by a mental health professional. A control sample comprised of 40 non-injured community members were screened by a mental health professional on four occasions under different aliases, twice responding genuinely and twice simulating an injury. Results: Differences between the workplace injured people and the community sample were compared using ANCOVA with age and gender as covariates, and then receiver operator characteristics (ROCs) were calculated. The OMPSQ and OMPSQ-SF discriminated (ρ < 0.001) between all conditions. All measures discriminated between the simulation condition and workplace injured people (ρ < 0.001). Intraclass correlation demonstrated the PSS, PSS-4, OMPSQ, and OMPSQ-SF were reliable (ρ < 0.001). Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.750 for OMPSQ and 0.835 for OMPSQ-SF for work-injured versus simulators. Conclusions: The measures discriminated between injured and non-injured people and non-injured people instructed to simulate injury. Non-injured simulators produced similar scores when they had multiple exposures to the test materials, showing the uniformity of feigning spectrum behavior on these measures. The OMPSQ-SF has adequate discriminant validity and sensitivity to feigning spectrum behavior, making it optimal for telephone screening in clinical practice.},
}

@article {pmid40805222,
year = {2025},
author = {Kwong, A and Ho, CYS and Au, CH and Ma, ESK},
title = {Germline BARD1 Mutation in High-Risk Chinese Breast and Ovarian Cancer Patients.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40805222},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {NA//Dr. Ellen Li Charitable Foundation/ ; NA//Kerry Kuok Foundation/ ; 03143406//Health and Medical Research Fund/ ; NA//Asian Fund for Cancer Research/ ; NA//Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of BARD1 mutations in breast and ovarian cancers varies across different ethnic groups. Evaluating the cancer risk and clinical significance of BARD1 mutations in the local Chinese patients with breast cancer, ovarian cancer, or both is clinically important for designing an appropriate surveillance scheme.

METHODS: This study used a 30 gene panel to identify BARD1 germline mutations in 2658 breast and ovarian cancer patients.

RESULTS: Among this cohort, the BARD1 mutation prevalence was 0.45% for breast cancer and 0.29% for ovarian cancer. In our 12 mutation carriers, we identified eight types of mutation variants, including three novel mutations. BARD1 mutation carriers were more likely to have a family history of liver, prostate, and cervical cancers (p-values = 0.004, 0.018, and 0.037, respectively) than patients who tested negative for mutations. Among the BARD1 mutants, the majority of the breast tumors were invasive ductal carcinoma (NOS type) (10/11, 90.9%) of high-grade disease (9/9, 100%) and half of them were triple-negative breast cancer (5/10, 50%).

CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of BARD1 mutations is low and the penetrance is incomplete, we recommend including BARD1 in the test panel for breast cancer patients. Our data suggest that more comprehensive surveillance management may be considered in mutation carriers due to the familial aggregation of a relatively wide spectrum of cancers.},
}

@article {pmid40804747,
year = {2025},
author = {Awan, UA and Bashir, S and Hassan, U and Khan, SN and Awan, FM and Jabbar, A and Khan, S and Guo, X},
title = {HPV-driven breast carcinogenesis: associations with tumor severity, Ki67 expression and metastasis.},
journal = {Infectious agents and cancer},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {55},
pmid = {40804747},
issn = {1750-9378},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer (BC) poses a significant global health challenge, and its potential link to HPV warrants investigation. This study investigates the prevalence, genotype distribution, and clinicopathological associations of human papillomavirus (HPV) in breast cancer patients from Pakistan.

METHODS: This single-institutional cross-sectional study included 501 FFPE BC specimens from female patients and 110 benign controls, collected between January 2019 and December 2023. High-risk (HR) HPV DNA was detected via highly sensitive real-time PCR, with genotyping conducted using the INNO-LiPA Genotyping Extra II assay. Clinicopathological data, including tumor grade, size, lymph node metastasis, and receptor status, were analyzed for associations with HPV infection. Statistical analyses employed the Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact or chi-square tests for categorical variables, as appropriate (p < 0.05).

RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 10.5% of BC cases (n = 53/501) compared to other statuses, with HR genotypes predominating (91%). HPV-16 (26%) and HPV-18 (15%) were the most frequent genotypes. HPV-positive cases exhibited aggressive tumor characteristics, including 58.5% grade III tumors, a mean tumor size of 65.6 ± 46.4 mm, and 32.1% N3 disease, with an increasing prevalence of HR-HPV associated with tumor stage and significance (p < 0.05). Invasive ductal carcinoma (34%) and invasive lobular carcinoma (28.3%) were the most common histological subtypes. Metaplastic carcinomas, with the largest mean tumor size (86.4 ± 74.6 mm), showed the highest HPV-16 prevalence (28.6%) and were linked to HR-HPV infection. Peak HPV incidence occurred in patients aged 51-60 years (37.7%). Geographically, HPV-16 predominated in Lahore (50%) and Peshawar (60%).

CONCLUSION: This study links HR-HPV to aggressive BC, with HPV-16 and -18 predominating in urban areas. Additionally, it highlights the importance of targeted vaccination and research into subtype-specific oncogenesis.},
}

@article {pmid40796089,
year = {2025},
author = {Tassot, J and Ahlstrom, A and Capalbo, A and Cheong, Y and Coticchio, G and Delbaere, I and Fadler, C and Gameiro, S and Goddijn, M and Kirkman-Brown, J and Laganà, AS and Moura-Ramos, M and Nordhoff, V and Orlić, A and Pinborg, A and Rives, N and Sousa-Leite, M and Nielsen, HS and Thorn, P and Vermeulen, N and Viville, S and Sermon, K},
title = {ESHRE's key research priorities in infertility: maximizing impact on science, people and society†.},
journal = {Human reproduction (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/humrep/deaf150},
pmid = {40796089},
issn = {1460-2350},
support = {//ESHRE/ ; },
abstract = {STUDY QUESTION: Which research topics in the area of infertility should be prioritized in the allocation of research resources?

SUMMARY ANSWER: Twelve research priorities were formulated, spanning the following areas: preventing infertility and preserving fertility, gynaecological diseases, male infertility, optimizing fertility treatments, optimizing psychosocial support and deepening knowledge on preimplantation development and early pregnancy.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Many research gaps related to infertility and its management remain understudied and underfunded, making it important to set priorities to ensure appropriate allocation of research resources.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: The European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) appointed a multidisciplinary working group, including a patient representative, to develop a list of research priorities related to infertility, which are relevant to researchers and institutions that fund research.

A list of research topics was collated based on the recommendations for future research formulated in ESHRE's evidence-based guidelines and suggestions submitted by ESHRE's Special Interest Groups as call topics for the ESHRE research grants. A scoring tool was developed to assess the expected impact of research on each topic on individuals, society and scientific advancement. Topics were scored independently by the working group members and the 12 topics with the highest scores were selected for presentation in this paper.

Using our newly developed scoring tool, we have identified 12 research priorities that broadly fall under six areas. These are preventing infertility and preserving fertility, gynaecological diseases, male infertility, optimizing fertility treatments (two priorities per area selected), optimizing psychosocial support (one priority selected) and deepening knowledge on preimplantation development and early pregnancy (three priorities selected).

The impact scoring tool would benefit from further testing and refinement in future projects. The scoring of some impact indicators is heavily based on the judgment and expertise of the scorers, which was accounted for by ensuring representation of knowledge and experience from all relevant disciplines and subject areas as well as the patient perspective within the working group.

This paper may serve to stimulate further thought and discussion within the infertility research community on the potential impact of proposed and ongoing research. It will furthermore inform and encourage policy makers involved in research funding allocation and contribute to a more efficient and purposeful allocation of research resources towards infertility research.

The technical support for this project was provided by ESHRE. A.C. reports employment at Juno Genetics. Y.C. reports a grant from Guerbet and honoraria from Ferring, Merck, Abbot, Nordic Pharma and Organon. G.C. reports consulting fees from Gedeon Richter and honoraria from Cooper Surgical. S.G. reports the development of www.myjourney.pt licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. J.K.-B. reports grants from the NIHR Evaluation and Studies Coordinating Centre, the Gates Foundation, the Economic and Social Research Council, BAYER Consumer Health and MRC Confidence in Concept; honoraria from Ferring and Cooper Surgical; travel support from Ferring, Cooper Surgical, Congressworks LLP, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Andrologie e. V., BAYER, University of Munster and ESHRE; a patent for microchannel sperm cell preparation; and a leadership or fiduciary role in the Association of Clinical and Reproductive Scientists. A.P. reports grants (to her institution) and consulting fees from Gedeon Richter, Ferring, Merck A/S and Cryos; honoraria from Gedeon Richter, Ferring, Merck A/S and Organon; and travel support (to her institution) from Gedeon Richter. H.S.N. reports grants from Freya Biosciences ApS, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, BioInnovation Institute, Ministry of Education, Novo Nordic Foundation, Augustinus Fonden, Oda og Hans Svenningsens Fond, Demant Fonden, Ole Kirks Fond and the Independent Research Fund Denmark; speaker's fees from Ferring, Merck A/S, Astra Zeneca, Cook Medical, Gedeon Richter, Ibsa Nordic, Novo Nordisk A/S; co-development of an app with the Maternity Foundation; and co-founding a project with Lulu Health. The remaining authors (J.T., A.A., I.D., C.F., M.G., A.S.L., M.M.-R., V.N., A.O., N.R., M.S.-L., P.T., N.V., S.V. and K.S.) have nothing to declare.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.},
}

@article {pmid40791519,
year = {2025},
author = {Hoffmann, RJ and Bensen, A and Dane, M and Arterberry, J and Smith, R and Korkola, J and Schedin, P},
title = {S-Nitrosylated COX-2 is a TME-regulated breast cancer biomarker of mesenchymal phenotypes.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2025.07.15.664474},
pmid = {40791519},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {COX-2 is an inducible enzyme key to the production of inflammatory prostaglandins. COX-2 also has tumor intrinsic oncogenic activity in mouse models of breast cancer. Previously, we reported increased expression of Cys-526-nitrosylated COX-2 (SNO-COX-2), but not non-nitrosylated COX-2, with progression of early-stage human breast cancer to invasive ductal carcinoma. Here, we used a 3D culture model of early-stage human breast cancer (MCF10DCIS cells) to investigate the relationship between SNO-COX-2 expression and mesenchymal/invasive tumor cell morphology. We find that SNO-COX-2, but not non-nitrosylated COX-2, closely associated with mesenchymal phenotypes induced by fibrillar type I collagen. Interestingly, invasive phenotypes did not associate with induction of the classic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers SNAIL , CDH2 (N-cadherin), and VIM (vimentin). By contrast TGFβ-1 strongly induced EMT-related transcripts, but not SNO-COX-2 protein expression or mesenchymal phenotypes. These observations suggest that in MCF10DCIS cells, SNO-COX-2 associates with mesenchymal phenotypes more strongly than non-nitrosylated COX-2 protein, or expression of classic EMT transcripts. In a mouse model with breast tumor heterogeneity, mesenchymal tumor regions also have increased SNO-COX-2 expression. Testing 300 distinct tumor microenvironment conditions, we find SNO-COX-2 protein expression is driven by inflammation, wound resolution, and cancer-associated factors, especially TNC, SPP1, decorin, fibrillar type I and III collagens, INF-γ, and IL-4/13, with evidence for specific extracellular matrix-ligand interactions driving both high and low SNO-COX-2 expression. In sum, in MCF10DCIS cells, expression of SNO-COX-2 is highly microenvironment-dependent and strongly associated with invasive/mesenchymal growth, indicating potential for SNO-COX-2 as a biomarker to assess risk of early-stage breast cancer progression.},
}

@article {pmid40332918,
year = {2025},
author = {Basik, M and Cecchini, RS and De Los Santos, JF and Umphrey, HR and Julian, TB and Mamounas, EP and White, JR and Lucas, PC and Balanoff, CR and Tan, AR and Weber, JJ and Edmonson, DA and Brown-Glaberman, UA and Diego, EJ and Teshome, M and Matsen, CB and Seaward, SA and Wapnir, IL and Wagner, JL and Tjoe, JA and Thompson, AM and Wolmark, N},
title = {Breast Tumor-Bed Biopsy for Pathological Complete Response Prediction: The NRG-BR005 Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.},
journal = {JAMA surgery},
volume = {160},
number = {7},
pages = {723-731},
pmid = {40332918},
issn = {2168-6262},
support = {U10 CA180822/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U10 CA180868/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U24 CA196067/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/diagnostic imaging ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Aged ; Adult ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology ; Mammography ; *Breast/pathology ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Use of modern neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) regimens has markedly increased rates of pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer, raising the question of whether surgical removal of the primary tumor is required for patients with pCR. For surgery to be omitted, one must be able to accurately predict pCR before surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if adding post-NAC core needle biopsy of the tumor bed to trimodality imaging in patients who have clinical complete response (cCR) will predict pCR (resolution of both invasive disease and ductal carcinoma in situ) in 90% or more cases.

This was a phase 2, prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. Patients were enrolled from August 2017 to June 2019. This is the final analysis, which was completed in December 2023. The setting included academic and community hospital center members of NRG (ie, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and the Gynecologic Oncology Group) in the US and Canada. Patients with operable (T1-T3, stage I-III) invasive ductal carcinoma who completed NAC and achieved cCR and radiological complete response (rCR) or near rCR by mammography (mass ≤1 cm and no malignant microcalcifications), ultrasound (mass ≤2 cm), and magnetic resonance imaging (no mass with rapid rise or washout kinetics).

INTERVENTIONS: Patients underwent marker-directed stereotactic multiple-core needle biopsy of the tumor bed with marker placement before breast-conservation surgery.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: End points were negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity of the biopsy.

RESULTS: A total of 105 patients were enrolled with 101 evaluable (mean [SD] age, 52.8 [10.5] years); 77 patients (76.2%) were younger than 60 years, and all breast cancer subtypes were represented with 32 (31.7%) triple-negative breast cancer, 21 (20.8%) hormone receptor-positive/epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2; formerly HER2)-negative (ERBB2-) breast cancer, and 46 (45.5%) ERBB2-positive (ERBB2+) breast cancer. In 101 evaluable patients, 36 had residual disease at surgery (pCR = 64%). With imaging criteria, NPV of the biopsy was 78.3% (95% CI, 67.9%-86.6%), and the sensitivity of the biopsy was 50% (95% CI, 32.9%-67.1%). In an exploratory subset analysis, the NPV in patients with ERBB2+ breast cancer was 90% (95% CI, 76.3%-97.2%). On retrospective central review, 62 of 101 enrolled patients met imaging eligibility criteria. In this exploratory post hoc analysis, NPV in these patients was 86.8% (95% CI, 74.7%-94.5%).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings do not support breast conservation treatment without surgery based on the study criteria for cCR and rCR/near rCR by trimodality imaging and negative tumor-bed biopsy. Strict adherence to imaging criteria may be required to achieve acceptable predictive values.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03188393.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/diagnostic imaging
Prospective Studies
Middle Aged
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
Aged
Adult
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
Mammography
*Breast/pathology

@article {pmid40314623,
year = {2025},
author = {Poppe, MM and Boucher, K and Gaffney, DK and Brownson, KE and Smith, G and Howell, JN and Ticona, FF and Kim, J and Burt, L and Cannon, D and Kokeny, K},
title = {NOVEMBER, A Phase 2 Trial of a 9-Day Course of Whole Breast Radiation Therapy With a Simultaneous Lumpectomy Boost for Early-Stage Breast Cancer.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {123},
number = {1},
pages = {141-149},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.03.078},
pmid = {40314623},
issn = {1879-355X},
abstract = {PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: A phase 2 prospective noninferiority trial evaluating a novel 9 fraction course of whole breast radiation and simultaneous lumpectomy boost.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Tis and T1-3N0 patients enrolled to receive 3420 cGy radiation to the breast with 3960 cGy to the lumpectomy cavity. The primary endpoint was averaged photographic cosmetic scores at 24 months with a hypothesis of >70% good to excellent cosmetic breast scoring 24 months after completing radiation, assuming a baseline excellent/good cosmetic scoring of 80% with an 80% power, α = 0.1.

RESULTS: From 2018 to 2020, with institutional review board approval, 103 patients were enrolled. Patients had mostly invasive ductal carcinoma (75%), tumor size ≤ 2cm (88%), negative margins (92%), no lympho-vascular invasion (80%), and estrogen receptor positive (85%). Patients had a mean age of 59.5 years (33-82). With a mean follow-up of 51 months, there were no local recurrences and 1 patient with both regional (axilla) and distant (brain) recurrence. Twenty-four-month post-radiation therapy (RT) cosmetic photos were 68% excellent/good, and 32% fair/poor. The null hypothesis was not rejected with one-sided 95% exact binomial confidence interval of 59.1% (59.1%-100%). There were no reported late ≥grade 3 radiation toxicity events and only 4 patients with late grade 2 events. Patient-reported outcomes utilizing the Breast-Q survey revealed breast satisfaction in 85% of women.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate an effective novel 9 fraction whole breast + lumpectomy boost radiation schedule. This trial uses one of the shortest published radiation schedules for a lumpectomy boost. Although we did not meet our prespecified cosmetic endpoint, no significant cosmetic change from baseline was seen in 80% of patients. We demonstrate excellent local control, and patient-reported satisfaction with low RT-related toxicity. We hope to move this concept forward in a randomized trial against the 5-day United Kingdom (UK) Fast Forward regimen, inclusive of a simultaneous lumpectomy cavity boost.},
}

@article {pmid40108012,
year = {2025},
author = {Eom, HJ and Choi, WJ and Sun, YJ and Kim, HJ and Chae, EY and Shin, HJ and Cha, JH and Kim, HH},
title = {Preoperative breast MRI in HER2-positive/hormone receptor-negative breast cancer: surgical outcomes using propensity score matching.},
journal = {European radiology},
volume = {35},
number = {9},
pages = {5648-5657},
pmid = {40108012},
issn = {1432-1084},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical outcomes in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive/hormone receptor (HR)-negative breast cancer through a propensity score (PS)-matched analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with HER2-positive/HR-negative invasive ductal carcinoma between 2007 and 2014 were retrospectively assessed and compared according to whether they underwent preoperative MRI. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) analysis and PS matching were used to adjust 17 covariates to control between the MRI and no-MRI groups. Surgical outcomes were compared between two groups and clinicopathologic variables were evaluated to determine who benefited from MRI.

RESULTS: Among 965 women (mean age ± standard deviation, 52 years ± 10), 423 (44%) underwent preoperative MRI and 542 (56%) did not. In the MRI group, a change in surgical management occurred in 48 patients (11%), and the change was appropriate in 31 of those patients (65%). The MRI group had a lower odds of initial mastectomy (odds ratio [OR], 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.47, 0.84; p = 0.002 and OR, 0.67; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.92; p = 0.01 for IPW and PS matching, respectively) and overall mastectomy (OR, 0.60; 95% [CI]: 0.45, 0.80; p = 0.001 and OR, 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.93; p = 0.02 for IPW and PS matching, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, asymptomatic patients or those with multifocal or multicentric lesions benefited more from MRI (61% vs 36%, p = 0.006 and 52% vs 31%, p = 0.02, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Patients with HER2-positive/HR-negative breast cancer who received preoperative MRI had a lower likelihood of undergoing mastectomy.

KEY POINTS: Question The role of preoperative MRI in predicting surgical outcomes in patients with HER2-positive/HR-negative breast cancer remains uncertain. Findings Preoperative MRI in HER2-positive/HR-negative breast cancer reduces mastectomy rates without increasing the positive resection margin or reoperation rate. Clinical relevance Preoperative MRI is beneficial in reducing mastectomy rates in women with HER2-positive/HR-negative breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40098503,
year = {2025},
author = {Jha, A and Regmi, PR and Pradhan, H and Thakur, M and Joshi, BR},
title = {Sonography as an Adjunct to Digital Mammography in Patients with Dense Breasts.},
journal = {Journal of Nepal Health Research Council},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {670-677},
doi = {10.33314/jnhrc.v22i04.4735},
pmid = {40098503},
issn = {1999-6217},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Mammography/methods ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis ; Adult ; *Breast Density ; Aged ; *Ultrasonography, Mammary ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Nepal ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Dense breasts are associated with an increased risk of cancer and also mask lesions on mammograms. In our study, we evaluated the role of sonography as an adjunct to digital mammography in patients with dense breasts.

METHODS: Sonography of 676 female patients with American College of Radiology category C or D mammographic density was done in this prospective cross-sectional analytical study in the Department of Radiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. The final imaging diagnosis was classified as per the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System categories. Tissue diagnosis was obtained in patients with sonographic category 3 solid lesions larger than 3 cm, category 4 and 5 lesions. The data were tabulated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Service (SPSS) for Windows version 22.

RESULTS: Additional sonography confirmed all BIRADS 1 mammograms as normal or benign, 95.7 % (112) of inconclusive, and 82.8% (n=135) of BIRADS 3 ones as benign. It had higher sensitivity and negative predictive value (100%) than mammography with similar accuracy. Most patients (479, 70.9%) had diagnostic indications. There were 540 (79.9%) cases in ACR BIRADS category c. A final diagnosis of benign (316, 46.7%) was most common, followed by normal (293, 43.4%) and malignant (67, 9.9%). The majority of the malignant lesions were Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (59, 88%).

CONCLUSIONS: Additional sonography confirmed mammography findings as normal, benign, or suspicious for malignancy, definitely described morphology and extent of mass, and also guided biopsy. It had higher sensitivity than mammography in dense breasts.},
}

Humans
Female
Cross-Sectional Studies
*Mammography/methods
Prospective Studies
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis
Adult
*Breast Density
Aged
*Ultrasonography, Mammary
Sensitivity and Specificity
Nepal
Young Adult

@article {pmid39909175,
year = {2025},
author = {Jean, J and Jochelson, MS and Moo, TA and Solomon, SB and Bryce, Y},
title = {Breast Cancer Recurrence after Cryoablation in Patients Who Are Poor Surgical Candidates or Who Refuse Surgery.},
journal = {Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR},
volume = {36},
number = {6},
pages = {971-978},
doi = {10.1016/j.jvir.2025.01.048},
pmid = {39909175},
issn = {1535-7732},
support = {P30 CA 008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Cryosurgery/adverse effects ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Time Factors ; Risk Factors ; *Treatment Refusal ; Adult ; Risk Assessment ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology ; Patient Selection ; Tumor Burden ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery/pathology ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate in-breast recurrence rates after cryoablation in patients with primary breast cancer who were poor surgical candidates or refused surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with primary breast cancer who were poor surgical candidates or who refused surgery and were treated with cryoablation at a single academic cancer center between October 2018 and June 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 60 treated patients, 45 had invasive ductal carcinoma, 6 had invasive lobular carcinoma, 2 had multicentric ductal carcinoma in situ, and 7 had other histology. Tumor size ranged from 0.3 to 9 cm, with a mean of 2.7 cm. Recurrence was defined as new tumor or regrowth of residual tumor in the ipsilateral breast.

RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 21 months and median follow-up of 9.8 months, there was a recurrence rate of 10% (6 of 60 patients). Patients in the recurrence group had more poorly differentiated disease than those in the nonrecurrence group (66.7% vs 22.2%; P = .038). Tumor size did not differ between nonrecurrence and recurrence groups (nonrecurrence group mean, 2.7 cm [SD ± 2.6]; recurrence group mean, 2.5 cm [SD ± 1.0]; P = .506). Patients who were treated with palliative intent rather than curative intent were significantly older (79.7 years [SD ± 12.2] vs 72.5 years [SD ± 11.3]; P = .032).

CONCLUSIONS: Cryoablation can be considered a treatment option in patients who are poor surgical candidates or who refuse surgery, with a 10% recurrence rate at a mean follow-up of 21 months in this retrospective review that included patients with tumors up to 9 cm, unfavorable pathology, and multicentric disease.},
}

Humans
*Cryosurgery/adverse effects
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Retrospective Studies
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Middle Aged
Aged
Treatment Outcome
Time Factors
Risk Factors
*Treatment Refusal
Adult
Risk Assessment
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology
Aged, 80 and over
*Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology
Patient Selection
Tumor Burden
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery/pathology

@article {pmid39701843,
year = {2025},
author = {Kayadibi, Y and Karagoz, SH and Kurt, SA and Kargin, OA and Guneren, C and Sahin, OE and Hamid, R and Yilmaz, MH},
title = {Diagnostic Characteristics and Clinical Relevance of Incidental Hypermetabolic Breast Lesions Detected on [18]F-FDG PET-CT: A Retrospective Evaluation.},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {1806-1815},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2024.11.031},
pmid = {39701843},
issn = {1878-4046},
mesh = {Humans ; *Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Female ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Incidental Findings ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/metabolism/pathology ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast/diagnostic imaging ; Clinical Relevance ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate demographic and radiological characteristics of breast incidentalomas found on 18-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography ([18]F-FDG PET-CT) performed for extramammary indications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12633 [18]F-FDG PET-CT scans performed between January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed. Breast incidentalomas that had undergone breast imaging, tissue diagnosis, or at least 2-year radiological follow-up were included. Demographic data and lesion size were recorded. Maximum and average standardized uptake values (SUVmax-SUVavg) and SUV corrected for lean body mass (SUL) were calculated using region of interest (ROI).

RESULTS: The inclusion criteria were met in 101 lesions (81 benign and 20 malignant). The most common benign lesion was fibroadenoma (n = 21), followed by stable lesions during follow-up (n = 18) and benign breast parenchyma (n = 11). The most common malignant lesion was invasive ductal carcinoma (n = 11). The diagnostic characteristics of SUVmax≥ 3, SULmax≥ 2, SUVavg≥ 0.735, SULavg≥ 0.48, and BI-RADS≥ 4 were 75%, 70%, 75%, 70% and 100% for sensitivity, 69%, 69%, 62%, 62% and 67% for specificity, and 69.3%, 68.3%, 62.4%, 61.4% and 73.3% for accuracy, respectively. The highest negative predictive values (NPV) were obtained with BI-RADS and SUVmax (100% and 92%, respectively). No significant difference in malignancy rate was observed for the lesion size and age of the patients (p > 0.05).

CONCLUSION: There is a risk of detecting malignancy in incidental lesions showing [18]F-FDG uptake. Radiological workup must be done, but SUVmax, with a high NPV value, can be used in conjunction with BI-RADS assessment for appropriate patient selection and effective management of resources.},
}

Humans
*Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
Female
*Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
Retrospective Studies
Incidental Findings
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/metabolism/pathology
Radiopharmaceuticals
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Breast/diagnostic imaging
Clinical Relevance

@article {pmid39644404,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, M and Huang, Q and Zhang, L and Liu, Y and Zeng, M and Xie, C},
title = {Apo10 and TKTL1 in blood macrophages as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of operable breast cancer.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {210},
number = {2},
pages = {337-345},
pmid = {39644404},
issn = {1573-7217},
support = {A2022465//the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province of China/ ; 2022A1515011329//the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/blood/surgery/pathology ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Middle Aged ; *Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; *Macrophages/metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; ROC Curve ; Retrospective Studies ; Case-Control Studies ; Neoplasm Staging ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Blood macrophage Apo10 and TKTL1 detection is a novel, noninvasive cancer screening approach, but its relevance in breast cancer remains uncertain. We compared the potential diagnostic value of Apo10 and TKTL1 with commonly used tumor markers in differentiating breast cancer patients.

METHODS: Physical examination and blood sample data from breast cancer patients who did not receive surgery or chemotherapy (retrospective; breast cancer group) and those with benign breast nodules and completely healthy subjects (prospective; control group) were collected from October 2020 to July 2022 at Sun Yat-sen University. Descriptive statistics and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated. The area under the ROC curve (AUROC) was calculated to compare the diagnostic efficiency of Apo10 and TKTL1 with conventional biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], cancer antigens [CA-125, CA-199, CA-153]) in differentiating breast cancer from healthy breasts and benign breast nodules.

RESULTS: From October 2020 to July 2022, 153 breast cancer patients (primarily early-stage disease: n = 113 (73.9%) stage I/II) and 153 control participants (benign breast nodules, n = 56; healthy, n = 97) were included in this study. The breast cancer subtypes were mainly invasive ductal carcinoma (92.8%), with a few cases of DCIS (5.9%), infiltrating lobular carcinoma (0.7%), and mucinous carcinoma (0.7%). Notably, Apo10, TKTL1, and Apo10 + TKTL1 (APT) levels were significantly greater in the cancer group than in the control group (P < 0.001), demonstrating high diagnostic value (AUC = 0.901, 0.871, 0.938) that surpassed CA-125, CA-199, CA-153, and CEA. In a subgroup analysis excluding stage III patients, APT-based breast cancer screening was minimally affected, with the AUROC (0.933-0.938) varying by ≤ 1%.

CONCLUSION: Compared with conventional biomarkers, Apo10, TKTL1, and APT showed superior early-stage breast cancer screening efficacy, potentially emerging as a promising marker for discriminating breast cancer from healthy breasts and nontumoral lesions.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/blood/surgery/pathology
*Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
Middle Aged
*Early Detection of Cancer/methods
*Macrophages/metabolism
Adult
Aged
ROC Curve
Retrospective Studies
Case-Control Studies
Neoplasm Staging

@article {pmid39207921,
year = {2024},
author = {Oriakhi, S and Nwashilli, NJ and Ohanaka, CE and Osifo, OD},
title = {Diagnostic Accuracy of Mammographic Findings in Patients 35 Years and Older Presenting with Palpable Breast Lump in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City.},
journal = {West African journal of medicine},
volume = {41},
number = {5},
pages = {548-554},
pmid = {39207921},
issn = {0189-160X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Mammography/methods ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; *Hospitals, Teaching ; *Sensitivity and Specificity ; Nigeria ; Breast Diseases/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis/pathology ; Aged ; Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Predictive Value of Tests ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mammography has become an invaluable tool for diagnosing breast lesions and detecting early breast cancer in women of 35 years and above.

AIMS: To correlate the mammography Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories with the histology in breast lesions and to determine the predictive values, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mammography.

PATIENTS AND METHOD: This was a one- year prospective study carried out from March 2015 to February 2016. Consecutive female patients of 35 years and above with breast lesions at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City were recruited. Patients with fungating breast lesions and those who declined recruitment were excluded. All patients had mammography and core biopsy of the breast lesion which was examined histologically.

RESULTS: A total of 101 patients were studied. Five patients had bilateral breast lesions making a total of 106 biopsies that were performed. The mean age of patients with benign breast disease was 47.0 ± 4.9 years while those with malignant breast disease was 49.9 ± 8.5 years; P-value was 0.080 which was not statistically significant. Fibrocystic disease 6 (5.6%) was the most common benign disease while invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common malignant breast disease 84(79.2%). BI-RADS 5 correlated mostly with malignant breast disease (97.0%); P value < 0.001 and was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: This study showed that mammography is useful in the diagnosis of breast lesions in women who are 35 years and older. Patients with BI-RADS category 3, 4 and 5 had an increasing correlation with malignant breast disease.},
}

Humans
Female
*Mammography/methods
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/pathology/diagnosis
Adult
Prospective Studies
*Hospitals, Teaching
*Sensitivity and Specificity
Nigeria
Breast Diseases/diagnostic imaging/diagnosis/pathology
Aged
Breast/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Predictive Value of Tests

@article {pmid38609794,
year = {2024},
author = {Weed, C and Wang, T and Mohan, SC and Wang, X and Tseng, J and Hu, T and Jaswinder, J and Boyle, MK and Amersi, F and Giuliano, A and Chung, A},
title = {Comparison of Clinical Breast Exam to Breast MRI Surveillance in Patients Following Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {457-462},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2024.03.011},
pmid = {38609794},
issn = {1938-0666},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging/pathology/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Adult ; *Nipples/surgery/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/methods ; Follow-Up Studies ; Physical Examination ; Prospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nipple sparing mastectomy (NSM) is increasingly being performed for patients with breast cancer. However, optimal postoperative surveillance has not been defined.

METHODS: A prospectively maintained database identified patients with in-situ and invasive cancer who underwent NSM between 2007-2021. Clinical data on postoperative breast surveillance and interventions were collected. Patients who had MRI surveillance versus clinical breast exam (CBE) alone were compared with respect to tumor characteristics, recurrence, and survival.

RESULTS: A total of 483 NSMs were performed on 399 patients. 255 (63.9%) patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, 31 (7.8%) invasive lobular carcinoma, 92 (23.1%) DCIS, 6 (1.5%) mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma, 9 (2.3%) others, and 6 (1.5%) unknown. Postoperatively, 265 (66.4%) patients were followed with CBE alone and 134 (33.6%) had surveillance MRIs. At a median follow-up of 33 months, 20 patients (5.0%) developed in-breast recurrence, 6 patients had (1.5%) an axillary recurrence, and 28 with (7.0%) distant recurrence. 14 (53.8%) LRR were detected in the CBE group and 12 (46.2%) were detected in the MRI group (P = .16). Overall survival (OS) was 99%, with no difference in OS between patients who had CBE alone versus MRI (P = .46). MRI was associated with higher biopsy rates compared to CBE alone (15.8% vs. 7.8%, P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS: Compared to CBE alone, the use of screening MRI following NSM results in higher rate of biopsy and no difference in overall survival.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Middle Aged
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnostic imaging/pathology/epidemiology/prevention & control
Adult
*Nipples/surgery/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Aged
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Mastectomy, Subcutaneous/methods
Follow-Up Studies
Physical Examination
Prospective Studies

@article {pmid38376280,
year = {2023},
author = {Bhatia, M and Ahmed, R and Nagarajakumar, A and Alani, A and Doddi, S and Metafa, A},
title = {Measurement of malignant spiculated mass lesions on mammogram: Do we include the length of the spicules?.},
journal = {Journal of cancer research and therapeutics},
volume = {19},
number = {7},
pages = {1794-1796},
doi = {10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2052_21},
pmid = {38376280},
issn = {1998-4138},
mesh = {Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; *Mammography ; Biopsy ; },
abstract = {AIM: The aim of this study is to determine if the core size or size with spicules has a better correlation with the final histologic size of spiculated mass lesions.

METHODS: A retrospective study of 48-month duration from January 2014 to December 2017 of biopsy-proven invasive ductal carcinoma presenting as spiculated mass lesions on mammogram was conducted.

RESULTS: There were 195 patients in the study. The mean of the core size was 16.6 mm; when spicules were included the mean size was 27.4mm and final histologic size 21.1 mm. Using unpaired Student 't' test difference in the means was statistically significant (p<0.0001). Pearson number (R) core size versus final histologic size was 0.535 (P < 0.001) and for size with spicules versus final histologic size was 0.495 (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that the core size has a stronger positive correlation to final histologic size and should be used preoperatively in decision-making about surgery.},
}

Humans
Retrospective Studies
*Mammography
Biopsy

@article {pmid38075206,
year = {2024},
author = {Sakurai, K and Yamada, S and Ito, R and Ochiai, M and Ando, T and Sakai, Y and Kato, T and Ito, H},
title = {Chromogenic in situ hybridization reveals specific expression pattern of long non-coding RNA DRAIC in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimen.},
journal = {Non-coding RNA research},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {76-83},
pmid = {38075206},
issn = {2468-0540},
abstract = {Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression in normal and cancer cells. We previously discovered a novel tumor-suppressive lncRNA, DRAIC, in prostate cancer cells. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that DRAIC is dysregulated in various malignancies and exhibits a tumor-suppressive or pro-oncogenic function. However, details regarding its expression pattern in normal and cancerous tissues remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) using RNAscope technology to assess DRAIC expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens. In the neuroendocrine-differentiated cancer cell line VMRC-LCD, CISH revealed a diffuse localization of DRAIC in the cytoplasm as well as specific accumulation in the nuclear compartment. DRAIC expression was comprehensively analyzed using tissue microarrays containing 89 normal and 155 tumor tissue samples. DRAIC was weakly expressed in normal epithelial cells of the colon, bronchiole, kidney, prostate, and testis. Conversely, DRAIC was moderately to highly expressed in some cancer tissues, including prostate adenocarcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, neuroendocrine carcinoma of the esophagus, lung adenocarcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma. While DRAIC knockdown did not affect VMRC-LCD cellular viability and invasive ability, gene expression related to the neuroendocrine and cancer-related pathways was altered. Our expression analysis revealed the specific expression pattern of DRAIC in normal and cancerous FFPE tissues. The results presented here may lead to the elucidation of additional novel functions of DRAIC.},
}

@article {pmid37124528,
year = {2023},
author = {Zhang, N and Xiang, Y and Shao, Q and Wu, J and Liu, Y and Long, H and Tao, D and Zeng, X},
title = {Different risk and prognostic factors for liver metastasis of breast cancer patients with de novo and relapsed distant metastasis in a Chinese population.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1102853},
pmid = {37124528},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The present study aimed to identify clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM) as well as to characterize the risk and prognostic factors for the liver metastasis (LM) of breast cancer patients with de novo and relapsed distant metastasis in a Chinese population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who were hospitalized in the Breast Cancer Center at Chongqing University between January 2011 and December 2019 were included in the present study. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for the presence of BCLM. Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to determine the prognostic factors for the survival of BCLM patients. The correlation between LM and overall survival was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS: In total, 1,228 eligible MBC patients, including 325 cases (26.5%) with de novo metastasis (cohort A) and 903 cases (73.5%) with relapsed metastasis (cohort B), were enrolled in the present study. In cohort A and cohort B, 81 (24.9%) and 226 (25.0%) patients had BCLM, respectively. Patients in these two cohorts had different clinicopathological features. Logistic regression analysis identified that the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status in cohort A as well as the HER2 status and invasive ductal carcinoma histology in cohort B were risk factors for BCLM. The median OS of patients with LM was inferior to that of non-LM patients (17.1 vs. 37.7 months, P = 0.0004 and 47.6 vs. 84.0 months, P < 0.0001, respectively). Cox analysis identified that the primary T stage, Ki67 level, and breast surgery history were independent prognostic factors for cohorts A and B, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: De novo and relapsed MBC patients have different risk and prognostic factors for LM. Patients with BCLM have an unfavorable prognosis.},
}

@article {pmid36931261,
year = {2023},
author = {Cardona Barberán, A and Bonte, D and Boel, A and Thys, V and Paredis, R and Machtelinckx, F and De Sutter, P and De Croo, I and Leybaert, L and Stoop, D and Coucke, P and Vanden Meerschaut, F and Heindryckx, B},
title = {Assisted oocyte activation does not overcome recurrent embryo developmental problems.},
journal = {Human reproduction (Oxford, England)},
volume = {38},
number = {5},
pages = {872-885},
doi = {10.1093/humrep/dead051},
pmid = {36931261},
issn = {1460-2350},
mesh = {Pregnancy ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; *Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic/methods ; *Calcium ; Ionomycin ; Calcimycin ; Prospective Studies ; Semen ; Pregnancy Rate ; Oocytes ; Embryonic Development ; Retrospective Studies ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; },
abstract = {STUDY QUESTION: Can recurrent embryo developmental problems after ICSI be overcome by assisted oocyte activation (AOA)?

SUMMARY ANSWER: AOA did not improve blastocyst formation in our patient cohort with recurrent embryo developmental problems after ICSI.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The use of AOA to artificially induce calcium (Ca2+) rises by using Ca2+ ionophores (mainly calcimycin and ionomycin) has been reported as very effective in overcoming fertilization failure after ICSI, especially in patients whose Ca2+ dynamics during fertilization are deficient. However, there is only scarce and contradictory literature on the use of AOA to overcome embryo developmental problems after ICSI, and it is not clear whether abnormal Ca2+ patterns during fertilization disturb human preimplantation embryo development. Moreover, poor embryo development after ICSI has also been linked to genetic defects in the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) genes.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This prospective cohort single-center study compared ICSI-AOA cycles and previous ICSI cycles in couples with normal fertilization rates (≥60%) but impaired embryonic development (≤15% blastocyst formation) in at least two previous ICSI cycles. In total, 42 couples with embryo developmental problems were included in this study from January 2018 to January 2021.

Of the 42 couples included, 17 underwent an ICSI-AOA cycle consisting of CaCl2 injection and double ionomycin exposure. Fertilization, blastocyst development, pregnancy, and live birth rates after ICSI-AOA were compared to previous ICSI cycles. In addition, the calcium pattern induced by the male patient's sperm was investigated by mouse oocyte calcium analysis. Furthermore, all 42 couples underwent genetic screening. Female patients were screened for SCMC genes (TLE6, PADI6, NLRP2, NLRP5, NLRP7, and KHDC3L) and male patients were screened for the sperm-oocyte-activating factor PLCZ1.

We compared 17 AOA cycles to 44 previous ICSI cycles from the same patient cohort. After AOA, a total fertilization rate of 68.95% (131/190), a blastocyst development rate of 13.74% (18/131), a pregnancy rate of 29.41% (5/17), and a live birth rate of 23.53% (4/17) were achieved, which was not different from the previous ICSI cycles (76.25% (321/421, P-value = 0.06); 9.35% (30/321, P-value = 0.18), 25.00% (11/44, P-value = 0.75), and 15.91% (7/44, P-value = 0.48), respectively). Calcium analysis showed that patient's sperm induced calcium patterns similar to control sperm samples displaying normal embryo developmental potential. Genetic screening revealed 10 unique heterozygous variants (in NLRP2, NLRP5, NLRP7, TLE6, and PADI6) of uncertain significance (VUS) in 14 females. Variant NLRP5 c.623-12_623-11insTTC (p.?) was identified in two unrelated individuals and variant NLRP2 c.1572T>C (p.Asp524=) was identified in four females. Interestingly, we identified a previously reported homozygous mutation PLCZ1, c.1499C>T (p.Ser500Leu), in a male patient displaying impaired embryonic development, but not showing typical fertilization failure.

Our strict inclusion criteria, requiring at least two ICSI cycles with impaired embryo development, reduced cycle-to-cycle variability, while the requirement of a lower blastocyst development not influenced by a poor fertilization excluded couples who otherwise would be selective cases for AOA; however, these criteria limited the sample size of this study. Targeted genetic screening might be too restricted to identify a genetic cause underlying the phenotype of poor embryo development for all patients. Moreover, causality of the identified VUS should be further determined.

Strong evidence for AOA overcoming impaired embryonic development is still lacking in the literature. Thus far, only one article has reported a beneficial effect of AOA (using calcimycin) compared to previous ICSI cycles in this patient population, whilst two more recent sibling-oocyte control studies (one using calcimycin and the other ionomycin) and our research (using ionomycin) could not corroborate these findings. Although no major abnormalities have been found in children born after AOA, this technique should be reserved for couples with a clear Ca2+-release deficiency. Finally, genetic screening by whole-exome sequencing may reveal novel genes and variants linked to embryo developmental problems and allow the design of more personalized treatment options, such as wild-type complementary RNA or recombinant protein injection.

This study was supported by the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (grant FWO.OPR.2015.0032.01 to B.H. and grant no. 1298722N to A.B.). A.C.B., D.B., A.B., V.T., R.P., F.M., I.D.C., L.L., D.S., P.D.S., P.C., and F.V.M. have nothing to disclose. B.H. reports a research grant from the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research and reports being a board member of the Belgian Society for Reproductive Medicine and the Belgian Ethical Committee on embryo research.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03354013.},
}

Pregnancy
Child
Humans
Male
Female
Animals
Mice
*Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic/methods
*Calcium
Ionomycin
Calcimycin
Prospective Studies
Semen
Pregnancy Rate
Oocytes
Embryonic Development
Retrospective Studies
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins

@article {pmid36753450,
year = {2023},
author = {Taylor, DB and Burrows, S and Dessauvagie, BF and Saunders, CM and Ives, A},
title = {Accuracy and precision of contrast enhanced mammography versus MRI for predicting breast cancer size: how "good" are they really?.},
journal = {The British journal of radiology},
volume = {96},
number = {1144},
pages = {20211172},
pmid = {36753450},
issn = {1748-880X},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Prospective Studies ; Contrast Media ; Mammography/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the accuracy and precision of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) vs MRI to predict the size of biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer.

METHODS: Prospective study, 59 women with invasive breast cancer on needle biopsy underwent CEM and breast MRI. Two breast radiologists read each patient's study, with access limited to one modality. CEM lesion size was measured using low-energy and recombined images and on MRI, the first post-contrast series. Extent of abnormality per quadrant was measured for multifocal lesions. Reference standards were size of largest invasive malignant lesion, invasive (PathInvasive) and whole (PathTotal). Pre-defined clinical concordance ±10 mm.

RESULTS: Mean patient age 56 years, 42 (71%) asymptomatic. Lesions were invasive ductal carcinoma 40 (68%) with ductal carcinoma in situ (31/40) in 78%, multifocal in 12 (20%). Median lesion size was 17 mm (invasive) and 27 mm (total), range (5-125 mm). Lin's concordance correlation coefficients for PathTotal 0.75 (95% CI 0.6, 0.84) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.56, 0.82) for MRI and contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) respectively. Mean difference for total size, 3% underestimated and 4% overestimated, and for invasive 41% and 50% overestimate on MRI and CESM respectively. LOAs for PathTotal varied from 60% under to a 2.4 or almost threefold over estimation. MRI was concordant with PathTotal in 36 (64%) cases compared with 32 (57%) for CESM. Both modalities concordant in 26 (46%) cases respectively.

CONCLUSION: Neither CEM nor MRI have sufficient accuracy to direct changes in planned treatment without needle biopsy confirmation.

ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Despite small mean differences in lesion size estimates using CEM or MRI, the 95% limits of agreement do not meet clinically acceptable levels.},
}

Female
Humans
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Prospective Studies
Contrast Media
Mammography/methods
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods

@article {pmid36729856,
year = {2023},
author = {Li, J and Lu, Q and Zhou, H and Xu, F and Huang, J and Hong, R and Wang, S},
title = {Significant response to margetuximab in Chinese HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patient who progressed after second-line targeted therapy.},
journal = {Anti-cancer drugs},
volume = {34},
number = {7},
pages = {892-895},
pmid = {36729856},
issn = {1473-5741},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; *Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; East Asian People ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; Trastuzumab ; },
abstract = {Activation of the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is one of the key mechanisms of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) monoclonal antibody treatment. Margetuximab is a fragment C (Fc)-modified chimeric anti-HER2 immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that shares epitope specificity with trastuzumab. In this case, we reported that margetuximab plus chemotherapy was effective as later-line therapy in a postmenopausal Chinese woman with metastatic diseases, who was diagnosed with estrogen receptor -, progesterone receptor (PR)-, HER2+ invasive ductal carcinoma. This patient used paclitaxel-albumin plus trastuzumab and pertuzumab as the first-line therapy with progression-free survival (PFS) of 14 months, and pyrotinib in combined with vinorelbine as the second-line therapy with a PFS of 17 months. Then she received margetuximab plus capecitabine as the third-line treatment, the metastatic lesions in the liver were obviously shrunk, indicating clinical partial response and the PFS was 7 months. This case revealed that margetuximab plus chemotherapy may be an appropriate option for the patients who progressed after treating with anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies and pyrotinib.},
}

Female
Humans
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
*Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
East Asian People
Receptor, ErbB-2
Trastuzumab

@article {pmid34984130,
year = {2021},
author = {Betlloch-Mas, I and Soriano-García, T and Boira, I and Palazón, JC and Juan-Carpena, G and Sancho-Chust, JN and Chiner, E},
title = {Cutaneous Metastases of Solid Tumors: Demographic, Clinical, and Survival Characteristics.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {e19970},
pmid = {34984130},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cutaneous metastasis (CM), while uncommon, is usually an indicator of poor prognosis. With cancer patients living longer, the incidence of CM has increased, which justifies its analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to carry out a descriptive study of CM diagnosed for 18 years in a dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital and to assess the epidemiological, clinical, and histological variables that condition them, as well as data on their survival and prognosis.

METHODS: We performed a descriptive study of cases of CM diagnosed over 18 years in the dermatology department of a tertiary referral hospital analyzing the following variables: patient age and sex, site of primary neoplasm, pathochronology, survival time, histological findings, immunohistochemical markers, the anatomical area affected, the clinical appearance of the metastasis, therapeutic plan, and existence of metastases in other regions. We checked normal distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and then compared the quantitative variables using the Student's t-test (unpaired samples), Mann-Whitney test (non-normal distribution), analysis of variance (ANOVA; for more than two groups), and categorical variables using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test.

RESULTS: We included 37 cases (20 men and 17 women), of whom 32 had died. The mean age was 62 ± 15 years. CM detection was defined early in 8% of cases, synchronous in 32%, and metachronous in 60%. The most frequent primary tumor sites were lungs (24%), breasts (21%), and bladders (11%). Most metastases were solitary. The most frequent locations for CM were the scalp, trunk, armpits, and groin. Most lesions had a nodular presentation (81%). Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma showed the same frequency in lung cancer CM. Breast cancer leading to CM was the most common invasive ductal carcinoma. The most aggressive cases, with the worst survival, originated in lung neoplasms. Therapeutic management for most patients involved surgery in combination with other procedures. The only difference detected between the lung and breast cancer CM was the predominance of lung tumors in men (89%) and breast tumors in women compared with metastases from other sites; breast cancer CM manifested more frequently as plaques and less frequently as nodules (p < 0.05) and was less frequently associated with multisystemic metastasis. In lung cancer CM, time from tumor diagnosis to CM occurrence was shorter (p < 0.01) and multisystemic metastasis was more frequent than in CM of other tumors.

CONCLUSIONS: CM tends to affect patients aged above 60 years and arises predominantly from lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women. The most typical locations are the chest and scalp, and the appearance is usually nodular. Survival after CM detection is low, particularly in lung cancer CM.},
}

@article {pmid34703931,
year = {2021},
author = {Molaei Ramshe, S and Ghaedi, H and Omrani, MD and Geranpayeh, L and Alipour, B and Ghafouri-Fard, S},
title = {Up-regulation of FOXN3-AS1 in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast cancer patients.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {7},
number = {10},
pages = {e08179},
pmid = {34703931},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of long non-coding RNA make them an appropriate target for expression analysis in cancer studies. In this study, we selected two lncRNAs (EMX2OS and FOXN3-AS1) that are resided near the GWAS-identified SNPs for breast cancer (rs2901157 and rs141061110). These transcripts have been identified in different cancer types as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In the present investigation, we aimed to quantify the expression level of EMX2OS and FOXN3-AS1 in 44 breast cancer samples and normal adjacent tissues (ANCTs). The FOXN3-AS1 expression level was significantly increased in breast cancer samples compared with ANCTs (P value = 0.02), Also its amounts could distinguish two sets of samples with an accuracy of 70% (P value = 0.009). We have found an association between FOXN3-AS1 expression and tumor size (P value = 0.02). On the other hand, no significant differences were found in the EMX2OS expression level between two sets of samples (P value = 0.44); however, EMX2OS expression level has a significant association with the age of the patients (P value = 0.03). According to our result, FOXN3-AS1 can be demonstrated as a probable diagnostic marker in breast cancer so we suggest further functional studies to find the precise role of these lncRNAs in breast cancer progression.},
}

@article {pmid34439348,
year = {2021},
author = {Kwong, A and Shin, VY and Ho, CYS and Khalid, A and Au, CH and Chan, KKL and Ngan, HYS and Chan, TL and Ma, ESK},
title = {Germline PALB2 Mutation in High-Risk Chinese Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer Patients.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {13},
number = {16},
pages = {},
pmid = {34439348},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {03143406//Health and Medical Research Fund/ ; },
abstract = {The prevalence of the PALB2 mutation in breast cancer varies across different ethnic groups; hence, it is of intense interest to evaluate the cancer risk and clinical association of the PALB2 mutation in Chinese breast and/or ovarian cancer patients. We performed sequencing with a 6-gene test panel (BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, PTEN, PALB2, and CDH1) to identify the prevalence of the PALB2 germline mutation among 2631 patients with breast and/or ovarian cancer. In this cohort, 39 mutations were identified with 24 types of mutation variants, where the majority of the mutations were frame-shift mutations and resulted in early termination. We also identified seven novel PALB2 mutations. Most of the PALB2 mutation carriers had breast cancer (36, 92.3%) and were more likely to have family history of breast cancer (19, 48.7%). The majority of the breast tumors were invasive ductal carcinoma (NOS type) (34, 81.0%) and hormonal positive (ER: 32, 84.2%; PR: 23, 60.5%). Pathogenic mutations of PALB2 were found in 39 probands with a mutation frequency of 1.6% and 1% in breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients, respectively. PALB2 mutation carriers were more likely have hormonal positive tumors and were likely to have familial aggregation of breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid34399237,
year = {2021},
author = {Salih, AM and Hammood, ZD and Pshtiwan, LRA and Kakamad, FH and Salih, RQ and Ali, BS},
title = {Intermammary breast cancer; the first reported case.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {86},
number = {},
pages = {106223},
pmid = {34399237},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Cancer of the breast is the most common cancer among females. The current study aims to report and discuss a rare case of breast cancer in the intermammary region.

CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old lady presented with intermammary swelling for three months. Ultrasound examination showed a hypoechoic micro lobulated mass with internal vascularity seated on the chest wall. There was pathological lymphnodes in the right axilla. Core needle biopsy suspected invasive ductal carcinoma of no specific type. The patient was referred to an oncology center receiving 21 cycles of radiotherapy and hormonal therapy.

DISCUSSION: The most common site of the occurrence of breast cancer is the upper outer quadrant (found in one-third of patients), followed by the upper inner quadrant (9.4%)-both lower outer and inner quadrants (5.2%) and rarely in the central portion. Intermammary breast cancer is an infrequent finding.

CONCLUSION: Although it is extremely rare, breast cancer could occur in the intermammary region. It has the same management strategy as breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid34316107,
year = {2021},
author = {Ramani, SK and Rastogi, A and Nair, N and Shet, TM and Thakur, MH},
title = {Hyperechoic Lesions on Breast Ultrasound: All Things Bright and Beautiful?.},
journal = {The Indian journal of radiology & imaging},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {18-23},
pmid = {34316107},
issn = {0971-3026},
abstract = {Ultrasound (US) lexicon of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) defines an echogenic breast mass as a lesion that is hyperechoic in comparison with subcutaneous adipose tissue. However, at sonography, only 0.6 to 5.6% of breast masses are echogenic and the majority of these lesions are benign. approximately, 0.5% of malignant breast lesions appear hyperechoic. The various benign pathologic entities that appear echogenic on US are lipoma, hematoma, seroma, fat necrosis, abscess, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, galactocele, etc. The malignant diagnoses that may present as hyperechoic lesions on breast US are invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, metastasis, lymphoma, and angiosarcoma. Echogenic breast masses need to be correlated with mammographic findings and clinical history. Lesions with worrisome features such as a spiculated margin, interval enlargement, interval vascularity, or association with suspicious microcalcifications on mammography require biopsy. In this article, we would like to present a pictorial review of patients who presented to our department with echogenic breast masses and were subsequently found to have various malignant as well as benign etiologies on histopathology.},
}

@article {pmid34035435,
year = {2021},
author = {Vaidya, JS and Bulsara, M and Baum, M and Wenz, F and Massarut, S and Pigorsch, S and Alvarado, M and Douek, M and Saunders, C and Flyger, H and Eiermann, W and Brew-Graves, C and Williams, NR and Potyka, I and Roberts, N and Bernstein, M and Brown, D and Sperk, E and Laws, S and Sütterlin, M and Corica, T and Lundgren, S and Holmes, D and Vinante, L and Bozza, F and Pazos, M and Blanc-Onfroy, ML and Gruber, G and Polkowski, W and Dedes, KJ and Niewald, M and Blohmer, J and McReady, D and Hoefer, R and Kelemen, P and Petralia, G and Falzon, M and Joseph, D and Tobias, JS},
title = {New clinical and biological insights from the international TARGIT-A randomised trial of targeted intraoperative radiotherapy during lumpectomy for breast cancer.},
journal = {British journal of cancer},
volume = {125},
number = {3},
pages = {380-389},
pmid = {34035435},
issn = {1532-1827},
support = {07/60/49/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom ; 10/104/07/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom ; 14/49/13/DH_/Department of Health/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Intraoperative Care ; Mastectomy, Segmental/*methods ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome ; Tumor Burden ; Whole-Body Irradiation ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The TARGIT-A trial reported risk-adapted targeted intraoperative radiotherapy (TARGIT-IORT) during lumpectomy for breast cancer to be as effective as whole-breast external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). Here, we present further detailed analyses.

METHODS: In total, 2298 women (≥45 years, invasive ductal carcinoma ≤3.5 cm, cN0-N1) were randomised. We investigated the impact of tumour size, grade, ER, PgR, HER2 and lymph node status on local recurrence-free survival, and of local recurrence on distant relapse and mortality. We analysed the predictive factors for recommending supplemental EBRT after TARGIT-IORT as part of the risk-adapted approach, using regression modelling. Non-breast cancer mortality was compared between TARGIT-IORT plus EBRT vs. EBRT.

RESULTS: Local recurrence-free survival was no different between TARGIT-IORT and EBRT, in every tumour subgroup. Unlike in the EBRT arm, local recurrence in the TARGIT-IORT arm was not a predictor of a higher risk of distant relapse or death. Our new predictive tool for recommending supplemental EBRT after TARGIT-IORT is at https://targit.org.uk/addrt . Non-breast cancer mortality was significantly lower in the TARGIT-IORT arm, even when patients received supplemental EBRT, HR 0.38 (95% CI 0.17-0.88) P = 0.0091.

CONCLUSION: TARGIT-IORT is as effective as EBRT in all subgroups. Local recurrence after TARGIT-IORT, unlike after EBRT, has a good prognosis. TARGIT-IORT might have a beneficial abscopal effect.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN34086741 (21/7/2004), NCT00983684 (24/9/2009).},
}

Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Breast Neoplasms/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/*radiotherapy/*surgery
Combined Modality Therapy
Female
Humans
Intraoperative Care
Mastectomy, Segmental/*methods
Middle Aged
Prognosis
Survival Analysis
Treatment Outcome
Tumor Burden
Whole-Body Irradiation

@article {pmid32416485,
year = {2020},
author = {Yokoyama, Y and Sakata, H and Uekusa, T and Tajima, Y and Ishimaru, M},
title = {Solitary pancreatic metastasis of gastric cancer with synchronous pancreatic ductal carcinoma: A case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {70},
number = {},
pages = {164-167},
pmid = {32416485},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There have been a few reports on solitary pancreatic metastases of gastric cancer. We present a case of solitary pancreatic metastasis of gastric cancer with synchronous primary pancreatic ductal carcinoma.

PRESENTATION OF CASE: An 86-year-old man who had undergone total gastrectomy two and half years prior presented with a poorly enhanced tumor in the pancreatic body. We diagnosed pancreatic ductal carcinoma and performed distal pancreatosplenectomy. Histopathologically, the tumor comprised poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells mixed with moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma cells that were compatible with metastasis of gastric cancer. There was also invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. The postoperative course was uneventful. Six months after surgery, computed tomography revealed peritoneal dissemination, and he died of recurrence 10 months after surgery.

CONCLUSION: Pancreatic metastasis of gastric cancer with synchronous primary pancreatic cancer can occur and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid31836680,
year = {2020},
author = {McDonald, ES and Doot, RK and Young, AJ and Schubert, EK and Tchou, J and Pryma, DA and Farwell, MD and Nayak, A and Ziober, A and Feldman, MD and DeMichele, A and Clark, AS and Shah, PD and Lee, H and Carlin, SD and Mach, RH and Mankoff, DA},
title = {Breast Cancer [18]F-ISO-1 Uptake as a Marker of Proliferation Status.},
journal = {Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine},
volume = {61},
number = {5},
pages = {665-670},
pmid = {31836680},
issn = {1535-5667},
support = {K01 DA040023/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA016520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR000003/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Biological Transport ; Biomarkers, Tumor/*metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; },
abstract = {The σ2 receptor is a potential in vivo target for measuring proliferative status in cancer. The feasibility of using N-(4-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)butyl)-2-(2-[18]F-fluoroethoxy)-5-methylbenzamide ([18]F-ISO-1) to image solid tumors in lymphoma, breast cancer, and head and neck cancer has been previously established. Here, we report the results of the first dedicated clinical trial of [18]F-ISO-1 in women with primary breast cancer. Our study objective was to determine whether [18]F-ISO-1 PET could provide an in vivo measure of tumor proliferative status, and we hypothesized that uptake would correlate with a tissue-based assay of proliferation, namely Ki-67 expression. Methods: Twenty-eight women with 29 primary invasive breast cancers were prospectively enrolled in a clinical trial (NCT02284919) between March 2015 and January 2017. Each received an injection of 278-527 MBq of [18]F-ISO-1 and then underwent PET/CT imaging of the breasts 50-55 min later. In vivo uptake of [18]F-ISO-1 was quantitated by SUVmax and distribution volume ratios and was compared with ex vivo immunohistochemistry for Ki-67. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests assessed uptake differences across Ki-67 thresholds, and Spearman correlation tested associations between uptake and Ki-67. Results: Tumor SUVmax (median, 2.0 g/mL; range, 1.3-3.3 g/mL), partial-volume-corrected SUVmax, and SUV ratios were tested against Ki-67. Tumors stratified into the high-Ki-67 (≥20%) group had SUVmax greater than the low-Ki-67 (<20%) group (P = 0.02). SUVmax exhibited a positive correlation with Ki-67 across all breast cancer subtypes (ρ = 0.46, P = 0.01, n = 29). Partial-volume-corrected SUVmax was positively correlated with Ki-67 for invasive ductal carcinoma (ρ = 0.51, P = 0.02, n = 21). Tumor-to-normal-tissue ratios and tumor distribution volume ratio did not correlate with Ki-67 (P > 0.05). Conclusion:[18]F-ISO-1 uptake in breast cancer modestly correlates with an in vitro assay of proliferation.},
}

Adult
Aged
Biological Transport
Biomarkers, Tumor/*metabolism
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*metabolism/*pathology
Cell Proliferation
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Positron-Emission Tomography

@article {pmid31164526,
year = {2019},
author = {Yamamoto, K and Hayashi, K and Waraya, M and Habiro, T and Hosoya, S and Kosaka, Y and Sengoku, N and Hayakawa, K and Inukai, M and Watanabe, M},
title = {[A Patient with Breast Cancer Who Achieved Continued Clinical Complete Response after Systemic Therapy Alone].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {46},
number = {4},
pages = {757-759},
pmid = {31164526},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {A 53-year-old woman presented at our hospital because of a mass in the left breast. A mass measuring 2 cm in diameter was palpated in the upper outer region(C region)of the left breast. Mammography showed a mass with calcification. Mammary ultrasonography showed a mass measuring 18×16×14mm and enlarged lymph nodes in the left axillary region. Core needle biopsy revealed Luminal B invasive ductal carcinoma(scirrhous type). The estrogen receptor(ER)positivity was 95%, progesterone receptor(PgR)positivity was 60%, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2(HER2)score was 2+, fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)showed no amplification, and Ki-67 index was 60%. Clinical T1N1M0, StageⅡA cancer was thus diagnosed. As preoperative chemotherapy, the patient received 4 courses of treatment containing epirubicin (100mg/m2), 5-fluorouracil(500mg/m2), and cyclophosphamide(500mg/m2; FEC100), and 4 courses of treatment containing docetaxel and cyclophosphamide(TC). Clinical complete response(cCR)was confirmed on imaging studies. The patient was explained about the need for surgery, but she refused to undergo surgery. The patient is being followed up while receiving endocrine therapy, and there has been no recurrence or metastasis as of 2 years. We described our encounter with a patient with breast cancer who refused surgery after preoperative chemotherapy and has had no recurrence or metastasis during follow-up.},
}

*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
Female
Humans
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
Middle Aged

@article {pmid30855389,
year = {2019},
author = {Myers, PL and Park, RH and Mitchell, DC and Nghiem, BT and Amalfi, AN},
title = {Would Plastic Surgeons Choose Breast Conservation Therapy?.},
journal = {Annals of plastic surgery},
volume = {82},
number = {4S Suppl 3},
pages = {S202-S207},
doi = {10.1097/SAP.0000000000001922},
pmid = {30855389},
issn = {1536-3708},
mesh = {Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; *Choice Behavior ; *Clinical Decision-Making ; Health Care Surveys ; *Mastectomy, Segmental ; Surgeons/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast conservation therapy is defined as partial mastectomy with subsequent radiation therapy and is the treatment for early-stage breast cancer. However, the unwanted risks of radiation must be considered as well as the impact on future breast reconstruction options. The purpose of this study was to assess the preference of plastic surgeons when given the hypothetical diagnosis of breast cancer.

METHODS: A survey assessing treatment preference of 3 hypothetical breast cancer diagnosis scenarios was designed and distributed by American Society of Plastic Surgeons via e-mail invite to its members.

RESULTS: The risk of cancer recurrence was the most common reason for treatment preferences of all three choices. However, for ductal carcinoma in situ, unilateral mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction is the preferred option with the second most influential reason of avoiding the risks of radiation therapy. For invasive ductal carcinoma node negative, unilateral mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction was the preferred option also due to risks of radiation therapy and anxiety of future surveillance. For invasive ductal carcinoma node positive, bilateral mastectomy with implant-based reconstruction was the preferred choice because of anxiety of future surveillance and also risks of radiation therapy.

CONCLUSIONS: In general, plastic surgeons did not prefer breast conservation therapy for in situ and early-stage breast cancer. Although the most common rationale for total mastectomy was risk of cancer recurrence for all disease severity, risks of radiation therapy are real and play an integral role in the decision-making process. In understanding our own biases, we can help better empathize with patients in consultation for breast reconstruction.},
}

Adult
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Attitude of Health Personnel
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery
*Choice Behavior
*Clinical Decision-Making
Health Care Surveys
*Mastectomy, Segmental
Surgeons/psychology/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid28607685,
year = {2017},
author = {Agosto-Arroyo, E and Rosa, M and Chau, A and Khazai, L},
title = {Concurrent BRAF and PTEN mutations in melanoma of unknown origin presenting as a breast mass.},
journal = {SAGE open medical case reports},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {2050313X17711064},
pmid = {28607685},
issn = {2050-313X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metastases represent a small percentage of the malignancies affecting the breast, and only 5% of melanomas originate from non-cutaneous sites. Multiple genetic aberrations have been associated with the development of melanocytic lesions, including BRAF V600E mutation. Mutations in PTEN gene have also been related to the pathogenesis of multiple malignancies.

PURPOSE/METHOD: This is the case of a 28-year-old female who presented with a tender, palpable mass in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Ultrasound showed a 1-cm solid mass, initially diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma on biopsy. During pre-operative workup, a second mass was identified and biopsied. Immunohistochemical stains performed on the second mass biopsy demonstrated that the neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin AE1/3, pan-melanoma, tyrosinase, and SOX-10 and negative for CK7, CAM5.2, and GATA-3. Subsequent workup showed widespread metastatic disease involving the liver, lungs, bones, and brain. The brain metastasis tested positive for BRAF p.V600E and PTEN p.R130Efs*4 mutations. Thorough skin and eye examination did not reveal a primary melanoma.

CONCLUSION: Only few reports have been published of melanoma presenting as a breast mass. This is an interesting case due to the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and genetic mutations profile.},
}

@article {pmid28580881,
year = {2017},
author = {Wander, SA and Mayer, EL and Burstein, HJ},
title = {Blocking the Cycle: Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Metastatic, Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},
volume = {35},
number = {25},
pages = {2866-2870},
doi = {10.1200/JCO.2017.73.9482},
pmid = {28580881},
issn = {1527-7755},
support = {T32 CA009172/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Aged ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*enzymology/metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Female ; Humans ; Peptide Fragments ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Estrogen/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis ; },
abstract = {The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. A 68-year-old postmenopausal woman was diagnosed with breast cancer 6 years ago when she presented with a stage II (T2N1), right-sided, invasive ductal carcinoma considered grade 2 of 3 on core biopsy, with a positive fine-needle aspiration of a palpable, ipsilateral axillary lymph node. Immunohistochemical analysis was positive for estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. She received neoadjuvant dose-dense doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and paclitaxel chemotherapy, followed by breast-conserving surgery and axillary lymph node dissection, which revealed residual disease in three of 11 nodes. She received adjuvant radiation therapy and initiated letrozole, with excellent compliance during the interval 6-year period. While receiving adjuvant letrozole therapy, she reported 3 months of worsening back pain. Skeletal scintigraphy and cross-sectional imaging confirmed widespread osseous metastatic disease and right supraclavicular lymph node enlargement (Fig 1). Core biopsy of the involved lymph node confirmed estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (90%), progesterone receptor-negative, HER2-negative recurrent metastatic breast cancer. The patient reported mild pain that was adequately controlled with over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications. She has remained active with an excellent performance status.},
}

Aged
Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*enzymology/metabolism
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/*antagonists & inhibitors
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/*antagonists & inhibitors
Female
Humans
Peptide Fragments
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Receptor, ErbB-2/biosynthesis
Receptors, Estrogen/biosynthesis
Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis

@article {pmid27900579,
year = {2017},
author = {Saito, R and Miki, Y and Hata, S and Ishida, T and Suzuki, T and Ohuchi, N and Sasano, H},
title = {Aryl hydrocarbon receptor induced intratumoral aromatase in breast cancer.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {161},
number = {3},
pages = {399-407},
doi = {10.1007/s10549-016-4063-x},
pmid = {27900579},
issn = {1573-7217},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aromatase/genetics/*metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Estrogens/biosynthesis ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ligands ; MCF-7 Cells ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibits estrogen receptor (ER) pathway, which may suppress estrogen-dependent cell proliferation. However, the correlation between AhR stimulation and intratumoral estrogen synthesis, especially through aromatase, has not been reported to date. In the present study, we examined this correlation in breast cancer cells.

METHODS: We examined AhR and aromatase immunoreactivity in 29 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. We performed in vitro studies using three breast carcinoma cell lines, MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231.

RESULTS: AhR stimulation induced the mRNA expression of the aromatase gene in vitro in three breast carcinoma cell lines, and increased estrogen synthesis in MCF-7 cell line. Results of microarray analysis showed that AhR-induced aromatase expression was associated with BRCA1 induction. Analysis of patients with breast cancer showed a significant positive correlation between intratumoral AhR and aromatase status. We also compared the effects of AhR stimulation on the induction of intratumoral estrogen synthesis and inhibition of the ER signaling pathway, because AhR exerts contradictory effects on estrogen action in breast carcinoma cells. AhR-induced aromatase expression persisted for a significantly longer duration than AhR-induced ER pathway inhibition. Moreover, breast carcinoma cells treated with an AhR agonist tended to show earlier cell proliferation after removing the agonist than cells not treated with the AhR agonist.

CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that AhR stimulates estrogen-dependent progression of breast carcinoma by inducing aromatase expression under some conditions. These results provide new insights on the possible roles of environmental toxins in breast cancer development.},
}

Adult
Aged
Aromatase/genetics/*metabolism
Breast Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/pathology
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation
Estrogens/biosynthesis
Female
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Ligands
MCF-7 Cells
Middle Aged
Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/*metabolism

@article {pmid27800068,
year = {2016},
author = {Ziyadi, M and Boujoual, M and Raiteb, H and Babahabib, MA and Kouach, J and Moussaoui, DR and Dehayni, M},
title = {[Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast: report of a case and review of the literature].},
journal = {The Pan African medical journal},
volume = {24},
number = {},
pages = {213},
pmid = {27800068},
issn = {1937-8688},
mesh = {Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/*pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare tumour of metaplasic origin; etiopathogeny is controversial; diagnosis is based on histological examination after eliminating the primary tumor; clinical and radiological examination is not specific; treatment is the same as for invasive ductal carcinoma; prognisis is poor due to tumor size and lymph node involvement. We report a case of breast squamous cell carcinoma in a 39 years old patient who was examined in the obstetrics and gynecology department of the military hospital in Rabat. Patient observation allowed us to specify the clinical characteristics of this entity which remains rare.},
}

Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/*pathology
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis/*pathology
Female
Humans
Lymphatic Metastasis
Middle Aged
Prognosis

@article {pmid27431459,
year = {2016},
author = {Bufi, E and Belli, P and Di Matteo, M and Giuliani, M and Tumino, M and Rinaldi, P and Nardone, L and Franceschini, G and Mulé, A and Bonomo, L},
title = {Hypervascularity Predicts Complete Pathologic Response to Chemotherapy and Late Outcomes in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e193-e201},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2016.06.007},
pmid = {27431459},
issn = {1938-0666},
mesh = {Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast/*blood supply/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/*blood supply/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*blood supply/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology ; Contrast Media/administration & dosage ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood supply/*epidemiology/pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Our objective was to investigate the relationship between asymmetric increase in breast vascularity (AIBV) and pathologic profiles of breast cancer. We also addressed the prognostic performance of AIBV and of vascular maps reduction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) at surgery and outcome at follow-up.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred nineteen patients with unilateral locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and after NAC. Axial, sagittal, and coronal maximum intensity projections were obtained in a subjective comparative evaluation. Asymmetrical versus symmetrical breast vascularity was defined through number of vessels, diameter, and signal intensity. Kaplan-Meier methodology was employed for late survival (31.4 ± 18 months follow-up).

RESULTS: AIBV ipsilateral to LABC occurred in 62.5% (P < .001). AIBV was significantly associated with invasive ductal carcinoma, G3, triple-negative, HER2+, and hybrid phenotypes (P < .001). pCR was more frequent among patients with AIBV (24%) (P = .001). After NAC, the vascular map was significantly reduced, particularly in patients with pCR (P < .001). At follow-up, the recurrence rate was 22% (6.1% mortality). AIBV after NAC was associated with worse late survival (P = .036). A trend towards worse late survival existed among patients with AIBV before NAC. We did not observe statistically different survival according to the variation of vascularity after NAC.

CONCLUSION: LABC with ipsilateral AIBV before NAC is associated with more aggressive pathologic profiles. Nonetheless, it is more sensitive to NAC and shows a higher frequency of pCR. The persistence of AIBV after NAC entails a worse late prognosis and should prompt more aggressive therapeutic strategies.},
}

Adult
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
Breast/*blood supply/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Breast Neoplasms/*blood supply/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*blood supply/*drug therapy/mortality/pathology
Contrast Media/administration & dosage
Disease-Free Survival
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Middle Aged
Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood supply/*epidemiology/pathology
Neoplasm Staging
Prognosis
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Retrospective Studies
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid27306813,
year = {2016},
author = {Terasawa, R and Iwamoto, M and Tanaka, S and Kimura, K and Takahashi, Y and Fujioka, H and Sato, N and Kawaguchi, K and Ikari, A and Maezawa, S and Tominaga, T and Matsuda, J and Umezaki, N and Uchiyama, K},
title = {[A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {43},
number = {6},
pages = {749-752},
pmid = {27306813},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*diagnosis/therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Thoracic Wall/*pathology ; },
abstract = {Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the breast is a rare disease. We encountered a case of SCC of the breast that relapsed in the early postoperative period and rapidly progressed thereafter. A 38-year-old woman visited our hospital presenting with a tumor in the left breast consisting of a 5-cm mass with an irregularly sharped wall. Fine needle biopsy examination showed squamous cell carcinoma. A modified radical mastectomy by Auchincloss's method was performed on the left breast. SCC was confirmed by histological examination. Two months later, local recurrence on the chest wall was found during adjuvant chemotherapy. Thereafter, the disease rapidly progressed, and finally, the patient died of respiratory failure caused by lung metastasis. The prognosis of SCC of the breast is recognized as being more unfavorable than that of invasive ductal carcinoma. We should develop an effective chemotherapeutic strategy for this disease.},
}

Adult
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Biopsy, Fine-Needle
Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*diagnosis/therapy
Chemoradiotherapy
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Fatal Outcome
Female
Humans
Recurrence
Thoracic Wall/*pathology

@article {pmid27160778,
year = {2016},
author = {Han, Y and Wang, S and Hibshoosh, H and Taback, B and Konofagou, E},
title = {Tumor characterization and treatment monitoring of postsurgical human breast specimens using harmonic motion imaging (HMI).},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {46},
pmid = {27160778},
issn = {1465-542X},
support = {R01 EB014496/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/*therapy ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/therapy ; Female ; Fibroadenoma/diagnostic imaging/pathology/therapy ; *High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation/methods ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Care ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive technique used in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer and benign tumors. To facilitate its translation to the clinic, there is a need for a simple, cost-effective device that can reliably monitor HIFU treatment. We have developed harmonic motion imaging (HMI), which can be used seamlessly in conjunction with HIFU for tumor ablation monitoring, namely harmonic motion imaging for focused ultrasound (HMIFU). The overall objective of this study was to develop an all ultrasound-based system for real-time imaging and ablation monitoring in the human breast in vivo.

METHODS: HMI was performed in 36 specimens (19 normal, 15 invasive ductal carcinomas, and 2 fibroadenomas) immediately after surgical removal. The specimens were securely embedded in a tissue-mimicking agar gel matrix and submerged in degassed phosphate-buffered saline to mimic in vivo environment. The HMI setup consisted of a HIFU transducer confocally aligned with an imaging transducer to induce an oscillatory radiation force and estimate the resulting displacement.

RESULTS: 3D HMI displacement maps were reconstructed to represent the relative tissue stiffness in 3D. The average peak-to-peak displacement was found to be significantly different (p = 0.003) between normal breast tissue and invasive ductal carcinoma. There were also significant differences before and after HMIFU ablation in both the normal (53.84 % decrease) and invasive ductal carcinoma (44.69 % decrease) specimens.

CONCLUSIONS: HMI can be used to map and differentiate relative stiffness in postsurgical normal and pathological breast tissues. HMIFU can also successfully monitor thermal ablations in normal and pathological human breast specimens. This HMI technique may lead to a new clinical tool for breast tumor imaging and HIFU treatment monitoring.},
}

Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Breast Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/*therapy
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/pathology/therapy
Female
Fibroadenoma/diagnostic imaging/pathology/therapy
*High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation/methods
Humans
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Middle Aged
Postoperative Care
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult

@article {pmid26329944,
year = {2015},
author = {Islam, A and Khondker, NS and Rahman, S and Reza, E and Mahamud, MM and Shaon, SA and Mariam, L and Pathan, FH},
title = {A Comparative Study between FNAC and Histopathology in Diagnosis of Breast Lump.},
journal = {Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {486-491},
pmid = {26329944},
issn = {1022-4742},
mesh = {Adult ; Bangladesh ; *Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast/*pathology ; Breast Diseases/diagnosis/pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {Worldwide a large number of patients have been suffering from breast lump and this trend is gradually increasing. It is difficult to determine whether a lump is benign or malignant from clinical assessment. Thus the need for microscopic tissue analysis arises. This study was designed to determine the value of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of breast lumps and to compare the result of FNAC with histopathological diagnosis to assess its accuracy. A prospective study in the period of January 2009 to December 2010 was done. One hundred and ten (110) patients who came to the Department of Surgery in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh in two years for their palpable breast masses were chosen for the study. There were 70(63.63%) benign, 33(30.00%) malignant and 07(6.36%) suspicious smears in FNAC. Inadequate samples were repeated. The number of repeats increased the diagnostic accuracy of aspirates which is statistically significant when compared with histopathology. In histopathology Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most commonly reported lesion with maximum incidence in the 4th, 5th, and 6th decades followed by invasive lobular carcinoma and other malignant lesions. FNAC serves as a rapid, economical and reliable tool for the diagnosis of palpable breast lesions and its reliability is influenced by the skillness of the aspirator. So physician should use this tool with clinical experience.},
}

Adult
Bangladesh
*Biopsy, Fine-Needle
Breast/*pathology
Breast Diseases/diagnosis/pathology
Breast Neoplasms/*diagnosis/pathology
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Prospective Studies
Reproducibility of Results
Sensitivity and Specificity

@article {pmid25585381,
year = {2015},
author = {Yang, M and Tang, M and Ma, X and Yang, L and He, J and Peng, X and Guo, G and Zhou, L and Luo, N and Yuan, Z and Tong, A},
title = {AP-57/C10orf99 is a new type of multifunctional antimicrobial peptide.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {457},
number = {3},
pages = {347-352},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.115},
pmid = {25585381},
issn = {1090-2104},
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Tissue Distribution ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response that provides host defence at skin and mucosal surfaces. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a new type human AMPs, termed AP-57 (Antimicrobial Peptide with 57 amino acid residues), which is also known as C10orf99 (chromosome 10 open reading frame 99). AP-57 is a short basic amphiphilic peptide with four cysteines and a net charge +14 (MW = 6.52, PI = 11.28). The highest expression of AP-57 were detected in the mucosa of stomach and colon through immunohistochemical assay. Epithelium of skin and esophagus show obvious positive staining and strong positive staining were also observed in some tumor and/or their adjacent tissues, such as esophagus cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma. AP-57 exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Actinomyce, and Fungi Aspergillus niger as well as mycoplasma and lentivirus. AP-57 also exhibited DNA binding capacity and specific cytotoxic effects against human B-cell lymphoma Raji. Compared with other human AMPs, AP-57 has its distinct characteristics, including longer sequence length, four cysteines, highly cationic character, cell-specific toxicity, DNA binding and tissue-specific expressing patterns. Together, AP-57 is a new type of multifunctional AMPs worthy further investigation.},
}

Amino Acid Sequence
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
Cell Line
Cell Line, Tumor
Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology
Conserved Sequence
DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
Humans
Molecular Sequence Data
Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Tissue Distribution
Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid24936496,
year = {2014},
author = {Myong, JH and Choi, BG and Kim, SH and Kang, BJ and Lee, A and Song, BJ},
title = {Imaging features of complex sclerosing lesions of the breast.},
journal = {Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea)},
volume = {33},
number = {1},
pages = {58-64},
pmid = {24936496},
issn = {2288-5919},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the imaging features of complex sclerosing lesions of the breast and to assess the rate of upgrade to breast cancer.

METHODS: From March 2008 to May 2012, seven lesions were confirmed as complex sclerosing lesions by ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy. Final results by either surgical excision or follow-up imaging studies were reviewed to assess the rate of upgrade to breast cancer. Two radiologists retrospectively analyzed the imaging findings according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification.

RESULTS: Five lesions underwent subsequent surgical excision and two of them revealed ductal carcinoma in situ (n=1) and invasive ductal carcinoma (n=1). Our study showed a breast cancer upgrade rate of 28.6% (2 of 7 lesions). Two lesions were stable on imaging follow-up beyond 1 year. The mammographic features included masses (n=4, 57.1%), architectural distortion (n=2, 28.6%), and focal asymmetry (n=1, 14.3%). Common B-mode ultrasonographic features were irregular shape (n=6, 85.7%), spiculated margin (n=5, 71.4 %), and hypoechogenicity (n=7, 100%). The final assessment categories were category 4 (n=6, 85.7%) and category 5 (n=1, 14.3%).

CONCLUSION: The complex sclerosing lesions were commonly mass-like on mammography and showed the suspicious ultrasonographic features of category 4. Due to a high underestimation rate, all complex sclerosing lesions by core needle biopsy should be excised.},
}

@article {pmid24577164,
year = {2016},
author = {Makhoul, I and Griffin, RJ and Siegel, E and Lee, J and Dhakal, I and Raj, V and Jamshidi-Parsian, A and Klimberg, S and Hutchins, LF and Kadlubar, S},
title = {High-circulating Tie2 Is Associated With Pathologic Complete Response to Chemotherapy and Antiangiogenic Therapy in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {American journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {248-254},
pmid = {24577164},
issn = {1537-453X},
support = {UL1 RR029884/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Angiopoietin-1/blood ; Angiopoietin-2/blood ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use ; Becaplermin ; Bevacizumab/administration & dosage ; Biomarkers, Tumor/blood ; Breast Neoplasms/chemistry/*drug therapy/surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry/*drug therapy/surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage ; Docetaxel ; Doxorubicin/administration & dosage ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/blood ; Humans ; Interleukin-1alpha/blood ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/blood ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/blood ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism ; Prospective Studies ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/blood ; Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis ; Receptor, TIE-2/*blood ; Receptors, Estrogen/analysis ; Receptors, Progesterone/analysis ; Taxoids/administration & dosage ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/blood ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a central mediator of angiogenesis in breast cancer. Research in antiangiogenic cancer treatment has been marked by the development of the monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, which targets VEGF in many solid tumors. As patients do not equally benefit from bevacizumab, it has become necessary to define the profile of patients who will benefit from the drug.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have conducted a prospective phase II study in 39 patients using bevacizumab in breast cancer in the neoadjuvant setting, and found improved pathologic complete response (pCR) when bevacizumab was added to chemotherapy in patients with hormone receptor negative and invasive ductal carcinoma. Blood samples were collected at baseline and serially while patients were on treatment. Circulating angiogenesis-related proteins angiopoietin (ANG)1, ANG2, basic fibroblast growth factor, IL-1a, matrix metalloproteinase 9, platelet derived growth factor - BB, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule -1, Tie2, VEGF, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 were measured at baseline and during treatment. This correlative study was conducted to identify specific serum angiogenic factor profiles that might be associated with pCR in the neoadjuvant setting in breast cancer patients receiving bevacizumab and chemotherapy.

RESULTS: Elevated baseline serum Tie2 and basic fibroblast growth factor were associated with pCR in response to this combination. Changes in serum levels of these proteins were seen during treatment but were not significantly different between the pCR and non-pCR groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Baseline-circulating Tie2 levels may help distinguish patients who will have pCR from those who will not and may form the basis for future development of antiangiogenic therapy in breast cancer. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00203502.},
}

Angiopoietin-1/blood
Angiopoietin-2/blood
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use
Becaplermin
Bevacizumab/administration & dosage
Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
Breast Neoplasms/chemistry/*drug therapy/surgery
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/chemistry/*drug therapy/surgery
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
Docetaxel
Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
Female
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2/blood
Humans
Interleukin-1alpha/blood
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/blood
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy
Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/blood
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
Prospective Studies
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/blood
Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
Receptor, TIE-2/*blood
Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
Taxoids/administration & dosage
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/blood
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/blood

@article {pmid24525089,
year = {2014},
author = {Jalaguier-Coudray, A and Thomassin-Piana, J},
title = {Solid masses: what are the underlying histopathological lesions?.},
journal = {Diagnostic and interventional imaging},
volume = {95},
number = {2},
pages = {153-168},
doi = {10.1016/j.diii.2013.12.014},
pmid = {24525089},
issn = {2211-5684},
mesh = {Breast Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/*pathology ; Female ; Fibroadenoma/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Humans ; Ultrasonography ; },
abstract = {The ultrasound signs of breast masses are explained by the histopathological data. Ultrasound masses are classified according to their shape and margin. Round or oval masses are benign when their margins are circumscribed (fibroadenoma, intramammary lymph node); on the other hand, with non-circumscribed margins (microlobulated or irregular), masses that are round or oval may be cancers. Seven histological types of round cancers have been identified: grade III invasive ductal carcinoma, colloid or mucinous carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, intramammary metastases, intracystic papillary carcinoma, lymphoma and high-grade phyllodes tumors. Irregularly shaped ultrasound masses with non-circumscribed margins are predominantly cancers but may in some cases be benign lesions such as sclerosing adenosis, a radial scar, fibroadenoma or phyllodes tumor.},
}

Breast Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/*pathology
Female
Fibroadenoma/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Humans
Ultrasonography

@article {pmid24394122,
year = {2013},
author = {Hagino, S and Iwata, K and Nakura, M and Yoshizumi, T and Tsuneda, A and Kiriyama, M},
title = {[A case of recurrent breast cancer that responded to bevacizumab].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {40},
number = {12},
pages = {2390-2392},
pmid = {24394122},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/*therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology/surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*drug therapy/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {We report a case of a 59-year-old woman who was forced to undergo mastectomy of the right breast (Rt Bt) plus axillary lymph node (Ax) dissection for right breast cancer at another hospital. The pathological diagnosis was invasive ductal carcinoma(scirrhou[s sci], pT2N2M0, Stage IIIA, estrogen recepto[r ER[]+], progesterone recepto[r PgR[]+], human epidermal growth factor receptor-2[HER2][2+]). Although no recurrence was observed after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, skin metastasis on the left back and pleuritis carcinomatosa were detected at our hospital 9 years and 6 months after the operation. Thereafter, bone metastasis, contralateral lymph node metastasis, and frequent occurrence of hepatic metastasis were sequentially detected. The patient was treated with chemotherapy (a total of 4 regimens) and endocrine therapy in addition to radiation therapy for lymph node metastasis over a period of approximately 2 years and 3 months; however, disease control was poor. Therefore, combined chemotherapy with paclitaxel and bevacizumab was initiated from February 2012. Soon after the initiation of combination therapy, the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level gradually reduced and computed tomography (CT) revealed that the multiple-organ metastases had remarkably reduced in size. The response was classified as a clinical partial response (cPR). Although adverse events such as peripheral neuropathy, nose bleeding, and high blood pressure were observed, these were all of lesser that Grade 2 severity. The efficacy of chemotherapy was noted for 11 months.},
}

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/*therapeutic use
Bevacizumab
Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology/surgery
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*drug therapy/surgery
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Metastasis
Neoplasm Staging
Recurrence

@article {pmid23267970,
year = {2012},
author = {Aomatsu, N and Kashiwagi, S and Asano, Y and Morisaki, T and Nakamura, M and Kawajiri, H and Takashima, T and Onoda, N and Ishikawa, T and Hirakawa, K},
title = {[A successful case of a super-elderly breast cancer patient treated with hormone therapy].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {39},
number = {12},
pages = {2042-2044},
pmid = {23267970},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Aged, 80 and over ; Anastrozole ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/*therapeutic use ; Biopsy, Large-Core Needle ; Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nitriles/*therapeutic use ; Quality of Life ; Triazoles/*therapeutic use ; Ultrasonography ; },
abstract = {A 104-year-old female patient with a left breast mass was admitted to our hospital. Ultrasonography showed an irregular and low-echoic mass of about 2.4×2.4×1.4 cm size in the left breast EAC area. Core needle biopsy examination indicated invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: ER (+), PR (+), and HER2 (-). An overall examination did not show a distant metastasis. We diagnosed her with left breast cancer(luminal A type) T2N0M0, stage IIA. We administered anastrozole at a dose of 1 mg/day. After 6 months, the primary tumor diameter was reduced to 2.1 cm, and the effect of anastrozole was considered a clinical partial response. The patient did not experience any adverse events during treatment. The partial response was maintained for about 2 years. We experienced a successful case of a super-elderly breast cancer patient treated with anastrozole. We conclude that hormone therapy is a useful treatment for super-elderly postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.},
}

Aged, 80 and over
Anastrozole
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/*therapeutic use
Biopsy, Large-Core Needle
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/pathology
Female
Humans
Neoplasm Staging
Nitriles/*therapeutic use
Quality of Life
Triazoles/*therapeutic use
Ultrasonography

@article {pmid23047180,
year = {2012},
author = {Warbrick-Smith, J and Cawthorn, SJ},
title = {Sentinel lymph node biopsy following prior augmentation mammaplasty and implant rupture.},
journal = {Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS},
volume = {65},
number = {12},
pages = {e348-50},
doi = {10.1016/j.bjps.2012.09.004},
pmid = {23047180},
issn = {1878-0539},
mesh = {Adult ; Axilla ; *Breast Implants ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology ; Female ; Granuloma, Foreign-Body/diagnosis/*pathology/surgery ; Humans ; Mammography ; Mastectomy ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prosthesis Failure ; *Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Silicones/adverse effects ; Tissue Expansion ; },
abstract = {We report the case of a 44 year old lady with bilateral cosmetic silicone breast implants who had previously undergone a change of her right implant following extracapsular rupture. She presented 4 years later with a new lump in her right breast and underwent subcutaneous mastectomy for a grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma. Sentinel lymph node biopsy demonstrated axillary silicone lymphadenopathy but nil evidence of metastatic disease. We present this as the first described case of successful sentinel lymph node biopsy in the context of prior augmentation mammaplasty and ipsilateral implant rupture with silicone lymphadenopathy.},
}

Adult
Axilla
*Breast Implants
Breast Neoplasms/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
Female
Granuloma, Foreign-Body/diagnosis/*pathology/surgery
Humans
Mammography
Mastectomy
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Prosthesis Failure
*Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Silicones/adverse effects
Tissue Expansion

@article {pmid22562451,
year = {2012},
author = {Yamamoto, Y and Shimada, K and Takeuchi, Y and Sofue, K and Shibamoto, K and Nara, S and Esaki, M and Sakamoto, Y and Kosuge, T and Hiraoka, N},
title = {Assessment of the interface between retroperitoneal fat infiltration of pancreatic ductal carcinoma and the major artery by multidetector-row computed tomography: surgical outcomes and correlation with histopathological extension.},
journal = {World journal of surgery},
volume = {36},
number = {9},
pages = {2192-2201},
pmid = {22562451},
issn = {1432-2323},
mesh = {Aged ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; Female ; Hepatic Artery/*diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat/*diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Male ; Mesenteric Arteries/*diagnostic imaging ; Mesenteric Veins/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; *Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/secondary/surgery ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Precise assessment of retroperitoneal invasion is clinically important to allow the achievement of negative margin resections.

METHODS: The clinical records of 132 patients who underwent macroscopic curative pancreaticoduodenectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas between 2004 and 2008 were retrospectively examined. The clinicopathological factors, including retroperitoneal fat infiltration classified into four groups by multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT), were analyzed. The relationship between the grade of retroperitoneal fat infiltration and surgical outcomes, as well as various histopathological factors, was also investigated.

RESULTS: The 5 year survival rate was 55.6 % for grade 0 infiltration (n = 8), 38.7 % for grade 1 (n = 54), 16.4 % for grade 2 (n = 49), and 0 % for grade 3 (n = 21). There were significant differences in survival in each group. Extrapancreatic nerve invasion and the surgical margin status were significantly associated with retroperitoneal fat infiltration demonstrated on MDCT. According to the grading classification among the 43 patients with pathological portal vein invasion, the 5 year survival rate was 45.9 % for patients with grade 1, which was significantly better survival that those with grade 2 (P = 0.007).

CONCLUSION: The grading criteria for retroperitoneal fat infiltration may be useful as a predictor of survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma. Pancreaticoduodenectomy with portal vein resection could provide favorable survival in patients with grade 1 retroperitoneal fat infiltration, even if histopathological portal vein invasion is present.},
}

Aged
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
Female
Hepatic Artery/*diagnostic imaging
Humans
Intra-Abdominal Fat/*diagnostic imaging/pathology
Male
Mesenteric Arteries/*diagnostic imaging
Mesenteric Veins/diagnostic imaging
Middle Aged
*Multidetector Computed Tomography
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Pancreatic Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging
Retrospective Studies
Survival Analysis
Treatment Outcome
Vascular Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/secondary/surgery

@article {pmid22020211,
year = {2011},
author = {Ghosn, M and Hajj, C and Kattan, J and Farhat, F and El Karak, F and Nasr, F and Abadjian, G and Chahine, G},
title = {Triple-negative breast cancer in Lebanon: a case series.},
journal = {The oncologist},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {1552-1556},
pmid = {22020211},
issn = {1549-490X},
mesh = {Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*metabolism/mortality/therapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lebanon/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Survival Analysis ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence, characteristics, and survival outcomes of triple-negative breast cancer patients in a medical oncology practice in Lebanon.

METHODS: The pathology reports of all breast cancer cases diagnosed or treated in 1997-2008 were reviewed.

RESULTS: One hundred seventy breast cancer cases (9.3%) of the 1,834 cases that were identified in this practice over a 10-year span had a triple-negative phenotype, with a median age at diagnosis of 52 years. The pathology distribution of those cases was as follows: invasive ductal carcinoma, 85%; medullary carcinoma, 5%; invasive lobular carcinoma, 5%; 95 cases (63%) were grade III. At diagnosis, 17% presented with stage I, 47% had stage II, 24% had stage III, and 12% had stage IV disease, whereas 11% had an inflammatory component. After a median follow-up of 17 months, 43 patients (25.3%) had relapsed and the most common sites of relapse were the brain (19%), lungs (19%), and bones (12%). The risk for recurrence peaked at 1.5 years and became almost nil after 3 years. Twenty patients received induction chemotherapy, among whom six (42.9%) had a complete response and six (42.9%) had a partial response to treatment. None of the patients progressed on neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 75% for stage I, 58% for stage II, and 40% for stage III patients, whereas the 5-year overall survival rate was 88% for stage I, 72% for stage II, and 63% for stage III patients. Adjuvant therapy was administered to 96% of patients, using a taxane-based regimen in 38% of cases. The median survival time for stage IV patients was 19 months, with a first line taxane-based regimen used in 50% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of triple-negative breast cancer in Lebanon is similar to that described in the literature. In order to determine targets for future therapeutic options, it is essential to understand the biology of this particular breast cancer subtype.},
}

Adult
Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*metabolism/mortality/therapy
Disease-Free Survival
Female
Humans
Incidence
Lebanon/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Survival Analysis
Young Adult

@article {pmid19999196,
year = {2008},
author = {Naeem, M and Khan, N and Aman, Z and Nasir, A and Samad, A and Khattak, A},
title = {Pattern of breast cancer: experience at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar.},
journal = {Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {22-25},
pmid = {19999196},
issn = {1025-9589},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*pathology ; Female ; Hospitals, Teaching/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast Cancer is the commonest malignancy of females all over the world and second leading cause of death due to cancer among females. The aim of this Descriptive study was to see the various features of breast cancer in order to know the pattern of disease in the recent time. The study was conducted from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2007 in Surgical C Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.

METHODS: Study included all patients presenting to and admitted in Surgical C Unit LRH, with carcinoma of breast during the above mentioned period. Name, age, sex, other relevant data, history and examination findings and results of histopathology and other investigations were recorded.

RESULTS: Total of 46 patients was included in the study, out of which there were 46 female and 1 male patients. Most common age group was 40-49 years with 14 patients, followed by 50-59 years with 12 patients. Most common type of carcinoma was infiltrating ductal carcinoma with no specific features with 38 patients. Other types included 2 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of papillary type, 1 mucinous type and 1 medullary type; 3 invasive lobular carcinomas, and 1 mixed lobular and ductal carcinoma. The disease was left sided in 24 cases, right sided in 20 cases while it was bilateral in 2 cases. Upper outer quadrant of the breast was most commonly involved (n = 26). There were 2 cases of stage I, 16 stage II, 20 stage III and 08 cases of stage IV disease. There were 2 cases of grade I, 16 grade II, and 28 cases of grade III.

CONCLUSION: Carcinoma breast is still a common problem presenting at a young to middle age group with invasive ductal carcinoma being the commonest variant with a high grade and a late stage of presentation due to lack of screening and awareness programs.},
}

Adult
Age Distribution
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*pathology
Female
Hospitals, Teaching/*statistics & numerical data
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Pakistan/epidemiology
Young Adult

@article {pmid18408445,
year = {2008},
author = {Sugie, T and Nagai, T and Ohgaki, K},
title = {[A case of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer responding to trastuzumab plus gemcitabine combination therapy].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {683-686},
pmid = {18408445},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology/*therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Deoxycytidine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiography ; Receptor, ErbB-2/*immunology/*metabolism ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Trastuzumab ; Gemcitabine ; },
abstract = {A 60-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with left thigh pain. She had undergone mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection for right breast cancer (T3N2M0) five years and two months earlier. The pathological diagnosis then was invasive ductal carcinoma with axillaryly mph node metastases. Hormone receptors and HER2 status were negative and positive (3+), respectively. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but bone metastases appeared 18 months after surgery. Although trastuzumab-combination chemotherapy with taxane and/or capecitabine was given, bone metastases in thoracic vertebra resulted in incomplete paralysis in both legs. She underwent thoraco-lumbar vertebral fixation 10 months before admission. A PET/CT revealed multiple bone metastases in the left femur as well as vertebrae, and CEA rose markedly. She received radiotherapy and trastuzumab monotherapy in addition to bisphosphonate. Temporarily, CEA decreased, but because recurrence nests were recognized in the supraclavicle and mediastinum after the eight-month treatment, trastuzumab monotherapy was followed by trastuzumab plus vinorelbine combined therapy. This regimen markedly reduced CEA after three months, but it rose again over the following three months. As S-1-combined therapy was not effective, trastuzumab+gemcitabine (1 g/week and two weeks on/one week off) combined therapy was started. CEA decreased markedly after 4 cycles, and FDG accumulation in the recurrence region was markedly improved. The adverse event during this treatment was minor, and PS was sufficiently maintained. These results suggest that trastuzumab plus gemcitabine combination therapy is effective for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.},
}

Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology/*therapeutic use
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*immunology/metabolism/pathology
Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood
Combined Modality Therapy
Deoxycytidine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
Female
Humans
Immunotherapy
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Positron-Emission Tomography
Radiography
Receptor, ErbB-2/*immunology/*metabolism
Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed
Trastuzumab
Gemcitabine

@article {pmid16264937,
year = {2005},
author = {Katz, MS and Schapira, L and Harisinghani, MG and Hughes, KS},
title = {Palpable right breast mass in a pregnant woman.},
journal = {Nature clinical practice. Oncology},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {218-21; quiz 1 p following 222},
doi = {10.1038/ncponc0135},
pmid = {16264937},
issn = {1743-4254},
mesh = {Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*secondary/therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mastectomy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/*pathology/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A 29-year-old female presented with a palpable right breast mass at a 12-week prenatal visit. She had no family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Ultrasound revealed a 3 cm lobulated mass, which was confirmed to be malignant by a core biopsy. Postmastectomy pathology at 15 weeks' gestation demonstrated this mass to be a stage T2N0M0 high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma with 0/20 axillary nodes involved. A staging CT scan postpartum showed an enlarged right internal mammary lymph node, confirmed by MRI as suspicious for malignancy.

INVESTIGATIONS: Physical examination, breast ultrasound, core biopsy, mastectomy, CT scan, MRI.

DIAGNOSIS: Pregnancy-associated breast carcinoma.

MANAGEMENT: Mastectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.},
}

Adult
Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*secondary/therapy
Combined Modality Therapy
Diagnosis, Differential
Female
Gestational Age
Humans
Lymphatic Metastasis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Mastectomy
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/*pathology/therapy
Tomography, X-Ray Computed

@article {pmid15995634,
year = {2005},
author = {Tokatli, F and Altaner, S and Uzal, C and Ture, M and Kocak, Z and Uygun, K and Bilgi, S},
title = {Association of HER-2/neu overexpression with the number of involved axillary lymph nodes in hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients.},
journal = {Experimental oncology},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {145-149},
pmid = {15995634},
issn = {1812-9269},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/*metabolism/secondary ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Lymph Nodes/*metabolism/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2/*metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; },
abstract = {AIM: To evaluate the prognostic significance of HER-2/neu overexpression in hormone receptor and axillary lymph node positive breast cancer patients treated in a single institution.

METHODS: Paraffin-embedded primary breast cancers from 40 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma were studied immunohistochemically. HER-2/neu staining was classified as negative (0, 1+), weak/moderate positive (2+), or moderate/strong positive (3+) and was assessed for effectiveness as a predictor of outcome in univariate and Cox model multivariate analyses.

RESULTS: 20% of patients were positive for HER-2/neu. Significant associations were observed between HER-2/neu and increasing number of involved nodes (p = 0.014), p53 positivity (p = 0.039), the presence of vascular invasion (p = 0.029) and metastases (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HER-2/neu overexpression (p = 0.016) and age (p = 0.005) were independent predictors for disease-free survival (DFS) where the number of involved nodes (p = 0.032) was shown to be independent predictor for overall survival. In the HER-2/neu positively stained tumors, significant number of patients developed distant metastases than the patients with HER-2/neu negatively stained tumors (87.5% vs 34.4%, p = 0.01).

CONCLUSION: For node positive patients, HER-2/neu overexpression was a significant predictor of DFS.},
}

Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Axilla
Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/*metabolism/secondary
Female
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Lymph Nodes/*metabolism/pathology
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Prognosis
Receptor, ErbB-2/*metabolism
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Survival Rate
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism

@article {pmid15832647,
year = {2005},
author = {Gogo-Abite, M and Nwosu, SO},
title = {Histopathological characteristics of female breast carcinomas seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt Nigeria.},
journal = {Nigerian journal of medicine : journal of the National Association of Resident Doctors of Nigeria},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {72-76},
doi = {10.4314/njm.v14i1.37139},
pmid = {15832647},
issn = {1115-2613},
mesh = {Biopsy, Needle ; Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*pathology ; Carcinoma/*epidemiology/*pathology ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/*pathology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Prognosis ; Registries ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma is an unpredictable disease in the sense that some patients may present with relatively early disease and die of widespread metastases within six months to one year, while others present with fairy advanced disease and yet survive longer. The aim of this study was to characterize breast carcinomas into prognostic groups using histological features.

METHODOLOGY: A total of 269 breast carcinomas in females received during a five-year period (January 1991 to December 1995 inclusive) were analyzed. Archive records (request forms and microscopic slides) of all breast malignancies diagnosed in the department of Anatomical Pathology of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital were retrieved and evaluated with respect to histological type, histological grades, and mononuclear cell infiltration within the primary tumour. The modified Bloom-Richardson system of microscopic grading of breast carcinoma was used.

RESULTS: The majority of carcinomas showed scanty or absent tubule formation (43.1%) and 59% of cases showed numerous mitotic figures. Forty-nine percent of carcinomas show poorly differentiated or anaplastic nuclei. The final tumour grade (FG) which is the summation of tubular pattern, nuclear pleomorphism and mitotic grades of each of the tumours reveals that 53% fall in FG3, 26% in FG2while only 21% fall in FG1. The majority of the breast carcinomas in this study, 58%, show scanty or absent mononuclear infiltration.

CONCLUSION: The majority of breast carcinomas in this study are poorly differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma, "not otherwise specified" which exhibit high proliferation ratio and are associated with poor host cellular immune reaction. These attributes translate to poor prognosis.},
}

Biopsy, Needle
Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*pathology
Carcinoma/*epidemiology/*pathology
Developing Countries
Female
Hospitals, Teaching
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Incidence
Neoplasm Invasiveness/*pathology
Neoplasm Staging
Nigeria/epidemiology
Prognosis
Registries
Retrospective Studies
Survival Analysis

@article {pmid12138231,
year = {2002},
author = {Shimizu, Y and Yasui, K and Yamao, K and Ohhashi, K and Kato, T and Yamamura, Y and Hirai, T and Kodera, Y and Kanemitsu, Y and Ito, S and Yanagisawa, A},
title = {Possible oncogenesis of mucinous cystic tumors of the pancreas lacking ovarian-like stroma.},
journal = {Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.]},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {413-420},
doi = {10.1159/000065090},
pmid = {12138231},
issn = {1424-3903},
mesh = {Adenoma/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology ; Aged ; Carcinoma/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucins/*metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Ovary/pathology ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology ; Stromal Cells/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: Clinicopathological features and postoperative results from mucinous cystic tumors of the pancreas (MCTs) were reviewed. MCTs with ovarian-like stroma (MCTs-OLS+; n = 6) and those lacking ovarian-like stroma (MCTs-OLS-; n = 4) were compared to elucidate the oncogenesis of MCT without OLS.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ten patients with MCT were studied.

RESULTS: The 6 MCTs-OLS+ cases occurred in females and were located in the body and tail of the pancreas. The mean tumor size was 6.5 cm (range 2-11 cm). The majority (5/6) of MCTs-OLS+ were multilocular and exhibited tiny loculi on the cyst wall and septum characteristic of MCTs-OLS+. Pathological classifications were adenoma in 4 patients and noninvasive adenocarcinoma in 2 patients. All 6 patients were alive without tumor recurrence 6-124 months after tumor resection. Of the 4 MCTs-OLS- cases, 2 were males and 2 females; MCTs- OLS- were located in the tail of the pancreas. The mean tumor size was 6.9 cm (range 4-8.4 cm). Invasive cancer in the pancreatic parenchyma or extrapancreatic tissue was recognized in all 4 patients, and the pathological classification of epithelia of the cyst wall were adenocarcinomas. These findings were also compatible with common invasive ductal carcinomas of the pancreas with secondary retention cyst on pseudocyst. All patients died of the disease (15, 27, 31 and 80 months after resection, respectively). Whether or not OLS is specific for MCTs of the pancreas should be clarified in future studies.

CONCLUSION: The results of our study led to three hypotheses regarding the oncogenesis of MCTs-OLS-: (1) MCTs in which OLS disappears during the development of invasive carcinoma; (2) advanced cancer derived from intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas, and (3) invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas with secondary cyst.},
}

Adenoma/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology
Aged
Carcinoma/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology
Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Mucins/*metabolism
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Ovary/pathology
Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/*metabolism/*pathology
Stromal Cells/pathology
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Ultrasonography

@article {pmid10939434,
year = {2000},
author = {Rokutanda, N and Iino, Y and Yokoe, T and Maemura, M and Horiguchi, J and Takei, H and Koibuchi, Y and Iijima, K and Oyama, T and Morishita, Y},
title = {Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast during lactation: a case report.},
journal = {Japanese journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {30},
number = {6},
pages = {279-282},
doi = {10.1093/jjco/hyd069},
pmid = {10939434},
issn = {0368-2811},
mesh = {Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology/physiopathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*etiology/physiopathology/secondary ; Female ; Humans ; *Lactation ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; },
abstract = {A case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast during lactation is reported. The patient was a 32-year-old woman, in post-partum lactating 18 months after delivery, who was referred to our hospital following detection of a lump in her left breast during physical examination in mass screening for breast cancer. The tumor, palpated in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast, was firm, well-defined and 2.8 x 2.6 cm in size. Ultrasonograms identified an irregular-shaped hypoechoic lesion and mammograms revealed a well-defined, circumscribed tumor. Based on these findings, breast cancer was suspected and an excisional biopsy was performed. The resected specimen was a firm, solid and circumscribed tumor with central hemorrhage. Microscopic findings demonstrated that the tumor consisted of an invasive ductal carcinoma with marked squamous metaplasia, such as keratinization and squamo-columnar junction. Breast-conserving surgery was performed and no lymph node involvement was noted. Both estrogen and progesterone receptors of the tumor were negative. Generally, the size of both squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma during the lactation period tends to be larger than ordinary carcinomas. In this case, the cancerous lesion was detected at a relatively early stage. Although the cancerous lesion was detected at a relatively early stage and no lymph node involvement was noted, lung metastases occurred within 12 months of the surgery. Malignant potential is generally considered to be high in cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast with lactation and thus intensive treatment potentially resulting in severe side effects was considered to be necessary for this patient.},
}

Adult
Breast Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology/physiopathology
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*etiology/physiopathology/secondary
Female
Humans
*Lactation
Lung Neoplasms/secondary

@article {pmid8090928,
year = {1994},
author = {Orel, SG and Schnall, MD and Newman, RW and Powell, CM and Torosian, MH and Rosato, EF},
title = {MR imaging-guided localization and biopsy of breast lesions: initial experience.},
journal = {Radiology},
volume = {193},
number = {1},
pages = {97-102},
doi = {10.1148/radiology.193.1.8090928},
pmid = {8090928},
issn = {0033-8419},
support = {R01CA583580/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Biopsy, Needle/instrumentation/*methods ; Breast/*pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation/*methods ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stereotaxic Techniques/instrumentation ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided system for localization and biopsy of mammographically and clinically occult breast lesions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 11 needle localizations and one cyst aspiration were performed with MR imaging guidance in 11 patients with breast lesions. Two MR systems were tested; both required the patient to lie prone with the breast compressed between medial and lateral plates. One system used a grid with 18-gauge holes placed at 5-mm intervals and two reference markers to position the needle; the other, a stereotaxic external needle guide and a software system to calculate coordinates.

RESULTS: Fibroadenoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, atypical ductal hyperplasia, fat necrosis, and sclerosing adenosis were found at histologic examination. In two cases, biopsies revealed multi-focal breast cancer where mammographic and clinical findings had indicated a single lesion.

CONCLUSION: MR imaging-guided needle localizations may be performed in a clinical setting with the systems described. Accurate localization of mammographically and clinically occult lesions will allow MR imaging to achieve a clinically significant role.},
}

Biopsy, Needle/instrumentation/*methods
Breast/*pathology
Breast Neoplasms/*pathology
Female
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging/instrumentation/*methods
Middle Aged
Sensitivity and Specificity
Stereotaxic Techniques/instrumentation

@article {pmid6548366,
year = {1984},
author = {Shousha, S and James, AH and Fernandez, MD and Bull, TB},
title = {Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine},
volume = {108},
number = {11},
pages = {893-896},
pmid = {6548366},
issn = {0003-9985},
mesh = {Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/immunology/metabolism/pathology/*ultrastructure ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism/pathology/*ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mucins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {We saw two cases of pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast, one of which is associated with dermatomyositis. Electron microscopy of appropriately fixed tissue obtained from one tumor confirmed the squamous nature of the polyhedral and spindle-shaped tumor cells. One tumor was assayed for estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins and was found to be lacking both. Test results for mucin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were negative in both tumors. In contrast, a similarly examined case of invasive ductal carcinoma with areas of squamous metaplasia had slightly elevated concentrations of estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins, and test results for mucin and CEA were positive.},
}

Adult
Breast Neoplasms/immunology/metabolism/pathology/*ultrastructure
Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism/pathology/*ultrastructure
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Mucins/metabolism

@article {pmid40824984,
year = {2025},
author = {An, T and Dong, X and Dong, B and Jiang, H and Liu, L and Ma, B},
title = {Event-Triggered Mixed Nonzero-Sum Game Optimal Control for Modular Robotic Manipulator Performing Coordinated Operation Tasks.},
journal = {IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/TNNLS.2025.3595563},
pmid = {40824984},
issn = {2162-2388},
abstract = {Taking advantage of high-performance intelligent robots to solve the coordination control problem such as assembly, handling, and installation, transportation is gradually becoming a kind of frontier subject with great scientific research value in the field of robotics. However, due to possible conflicts and inconsistencies between the manipulator and the operating object, it is challenging to design the optimal coordination control scheme between human and robot. This article presents an event-triggered mixed nonzero-sum game optimal control method, which considers both nonzero-sum game and cooperative game cases, for modular robotic manipulator (MRM) systems performing coordinated operation tasks. First, the joint torque feedback technique and joint task assignment method are employed to establish the dynamic model of MRM subsystem, and then, the global state-space description is deduced. For the unknown information containing interconnected dynamic coupling (IDC) terms and friction modeling errors, an adaptive neural network (NN) identifier is established by utilizing the measured input-output data of each joint module. The adaptive updating law guarantees that the NN weight error finally converged to a minimum neighborhood of zero. To ensure the optimality of system overall performance, the corresponding value functions reflecting the interconnectedness among each joint subsystem and manipulated object are constructed. Based on the idea of differential game, the coordination control problem of MRM system is transformed into a mixed nonzero-sum game problem among each joint module and the operated object. Next, by constructing a single critic NN with learning structure, the optimal value function is approximated to solve the event-based Hamiltonian equations, and then, the optimal control strategy of each player is obtained. Finally, the Lyapunov theory is used to analyze system stability, and the effectiveness of the presented method is reinforced by experimental results.},
}

@article {pmid40823661,
year = {2025},
author = {van Veen, FEE and Scheepe, JR and Blok, BFM},
title = {[Regional variation in urinary catheter use in the Netherlands: a population-based cohort from 2012 to 2021].},
journal = {Tijdschrift voor urologie},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {88-96},
doi = {10.1007/s13629-024-00458-w},
pmid = {40823661},
issn = {2211-4718},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is often preferred over indwelling catheters (IDC) due to fewer complications and improved quality of life. This study investigated trends and regional differences in CIC and IDC use in the Netherlands between 2012 and 2021.

METHODS: Data were collected from the Drug and Medical Devices Information System and regional differences were assessed using negative binomial regression (NBR).

RESULTS: The number of CIC users increased by 27.3%, from 34,204 to 43,528 and the number of ID users by 44.6%, from 41,619 to 60,172. The most significant increases were among male CIC users > 65 years and IDC users > 85 years. NBR showed significant regional variations, with higher CIC use in the northern Netherlands and variable IDC use across the country.

CONCLUSION: There is a growing number of catheter users in the Netherlands and there are regional differences, which may be explained by variations in patient populations, healthcare provider preferences, and adherence to guidelines.},
}

@article {pmid40809963,
year = {2025},
author = {Bellesini, JA and Foo, KY and Li, J and Sanderson, RW and Zilkens, R and Gale, L and Hardie, M and Hamza, S and Rijhumal, A and Saunders, CM and Kennedy, BF},
title = {Three-dimensional dynamic optical coherence tomography for breast tumor margin assessment.},
journal = {Biomedical optics express},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {3061-3074},
pmid = {40809963},
issn = {2156-7085},
abstract = {Intraoperative margin assessment techniques are needed to reduce the re-excision rate in breast-conserving surgery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique capable of rapid three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of the internal microstructure of tissues. However, there is often low contrast between morphological features in breast tissue. Dynamic OCT (d-OCT), which provides additional contrast derived from the temporal variance of the OCT signal caused by intrinsic motion within the tissue, may provide a solution. However, few studies have applied it to breast tumor margin assessment. In this study, we acquired 3-D d-OCT images of ten human mastectomy specimens and three wide local excisions from breast-conserving surgery (BCS) procedures and, in each case, performed co-registered histology for validation. To optimize the trade-off between spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and acquisition time, we considered a range of acquisition settings. Several methods for visualizing d-OCT images were investigated, including Fourier weighted mean frequency, Fourier power spectral analysis, using red-green-blue (RGB) and hue-saturation-value (HSV) color spaces, and phase variance. We present d-OCT images of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), and show that the contrast between malignant and benign regions is consistently higher with d-OCT than using OCT intensity alone. The improved contrast may derive from increased proliferation rates and collagen deposition in cancerous tissue compared to benign tissue. We believe that our results demonstrate that d-OCT has the potential to improve intraoperative tumor margin assessment during breast-conserving surgery.},
}

@article {pmid40809661,
year = {2025},
author = {Vulasala, SR and Louviere, CD and Navarro, F and Adler, GA and Gopireddy, DR and Hatch, P and Abu Hana, R},
title = {Systemic Sarcoidosis Mimicking Metastatic Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e87860},
pmid = {40809661},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous inflammatory disorder of uncertain etiology that can closely mimic metastatic malignancies, particularly when it presents with multi-organ involvement. In patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cancer, to avoid misdiagnosis and subsequent inappropriate treatment, distinguishing between sarcoidosis and metastatic disease is essential. Histologic confirmation through tissue sampling and correlation with tumor markers are critical tools in this process. We report a case of a 36-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who presented with suspicious findings that indicated metastatic disease involving her lungs, liver, and bones. However, tumor marker levels and histopathology revealed systemic sarcoidosis, not metastatic spread.},
}

@article {pmid40805194,
year = {2025},
author = {Tsai, MY and Yu, ZH and Chou, CP},
title = {AI-Based Ultrasound Nomogram for Differentiating Invasive from Non-Invasive Breast Cancer Masses.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {40805194},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {KSVGH112-108//Kaohsiung Veterans Hospital/ ; },
abstract = {Purpose: This study aimed to develop a predictive nomogram integrating AI-based BI-RADS lexicons and lesion-to-nipple distance (LND) ultrasound features to differentiate mass-type ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) visible on ultrasound. Methods: The final study cohort consisted of 170 women with 175 pathologically confirmed malignant breast lesions, including 26 cases of DCIS and 149 cases of IDC. LND and AI-based features from the S-Detect system (BI-RADS lexicons) were analyzed. Rare features were consolidated into broader categories to enhance model stability. Data were split into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets. Logistic regression identified key predictors for an LND nomogram. Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, 1000 bootstrap resamples, and calibration curves to assess discrimination and calibration. Results: Multivariate logistic regression identified smaller lesion size, irregular shape, LND ≤ 3 cm, and non-hypoechoic echogenicity as independent predictors of DCIS. These variables were integrated into the LND nomogram, which demonstrated strong discriminative performance (AUC = 0.851 training; AUC = 0.842 validation). Calibration was excellent, with non-significant Hosmer-Lemeshow tests (p = 0.127 training, p = 0.972 validation) and low mean absolute errors (MAE = 0.016 and 0.034, respectively), supporting the model's accuracy and reliability. Conclusions: The AI-based comprehensive nomogram demonstrates strong reliability in distinguishing mass-type DCIS from IDC, offering a practical tool to enhance non-invasive breast cancer diagnosis and inform preoperative planning.},
}