@article {pmid42184254,
year = {2026},
author = {Alaukally, MNN and Ilyas, M and Oleiwi, TA},
title = {Fabrication and Testing of an Optically Controlled Microwave Sensor for Urea Level Detection in Urine.},
journal = {Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE},
volume = {},
number = {231},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3791/70483},
pmid = {42184254},
issn = {1940-087X},
mesh = {*Microwaves ; *Urea/urine ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Monitoring urea levels in urine is crucial for assessing renal function and hydration status. Current methods often rely on intrusive, costly, or time-consuming biochemical assays, which are not ideal for point-of-care or continuous monitoring. This protocol describes the fabrication and testing of a novel, low-cost, and highly sensitive microwave sensor designed for urea level detection. The sensor integrates a circular spiral inductor (CSI), an interdigital capacitor (IDC), and a light-dependent resistor (LDR) on an FR4 substrate, operating at a resonance frequency of 1.22 GHz. The key innovation is the optical control via the LDR, which, when exposed to a fixed light source through a urine sample, modulates the sensor's insertion loss (S21) in a linear and quantifiable manner relative to urea concentration. The design incorporates a back-loop trace and Hilbert fractal stubs to minimize diffraction effects and enhance impedance matching, thereby improving measurement accuracy. We detail the sensor's numerical simulation using CST Microwave Studio, its fabrication via chemical etching, and its experimental validation using human urine samples. The results demonstrate a consistent and repeatable shift in the S21 parameter with varying urea levels, confirmed by a neural network model for data classification. This sensor presents a promising tool for non-invasive, real-time biomedical diagnostics.},
}

*Microwaves
*Urea/urine
Humans

@article {pmid42176994,
year = {2026},
author = {Podany, P and Zhan, H and Colón-Cartagena, L and Ai, D and Du, J and Krishnamurti, U and Liang, Y},
title = {Histomorphologic analysis and clinical correlation of atypical apocrine lesions in breast pathology.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {175},
number = {},
pages = {106158},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106158},
pmid = {42176994},
issn = {1532-8392},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Apocrine change is common in breast pathology, yet atypical apocrine lesions remain poorly defined and diagnostically challenging. This study aimed to clarify the terminology of atypical apocrine proliferations and assess their clinical significance by correlating histologic features with clinical outcomes.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 59 specimens initially diagnosed as atypical apocrine adenosis (AAA) or atypical apocrine hyperplasia (AAH), including apocrine atypical ductal hyperplasia, from 2014 to 2024. Cases with coexisting in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma were excluded. Histologic features and clinical follow-up data were reviewed.

RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between AAA and AAH with respect to patient age, lesional size, most architectural patterns, lobular involvement, nuclear features, necrosis, calcifications, or carcinoma upstaging on subsequent excision. Cribriform architecture was significantly more frequent in AAH than AAA (63% vs. 33%, p = 0.047). Lesions upstaged to in situ or invasive ductal carcinoma demonstrated a significantly larger extent of atypia on biopsy (1.3 cm vs. 0.8 cm, p = 0.043), higher frequencies of marked nuclear enlargement (≥3-fold compared with background epithelium; 92% vs. 54%, p = 0.027), nuclear irregularity (54% vs. 17%, p = 0.028), and necrosis (23% vs. 0%, p = 0.037). Lesional extent, nuclear irregularity, and necrosis were independently associated with carcinoma upstaging (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Cribriform architecture supports classification as AAH, though AAA and AAH show no significant clinical differences. Marked nuclear enlargement, nuclear irregularity, and necrosis in larger atypical apocrine lesions are strongly associated with carcinoma upstaging and should prompt consideration of apocrine DCIS.},
}

@article {pmid42178602,
year = {2026},
author = {Hirata, Y and Nakaguro, M and Tsukamoto, R and Jimbo, N and Itoh, T},
title = {Oncocytic Intraductal Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland With the BRAF p.V600E Variant.},
journal = {Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cyt.70085},
pmid = {42178602},
issn = {1365-2303},
abstract = {Oncocytic intraductal carcinoma (IDC) is a rare subtype of salivary IDC characterized by an oncocytic cell proliferation surrounded by a p63-positive myoepithelial rim. We presented a case of oncocytic IDC: a 70s-year-old male with a swelling in the right parotid gland. Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed complex papillary cell clusters with an abundant granular cytoplasm and a small number of myoepithelial cells. The cytologic features corresponded to the histological features of oncocytic IDC. The oncocytic cells were positive for S-100, mammaglobin, anti-mitochondrial antibody, and BRAF V600E. Sanger sequencing further confirmed BRAF p.V600E variant. Because a definite preoperative cytological diagnosis of oncocytic IDC is challenging, ancillary tests using cell blocks can aid in the diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid42179715,
year = {2026},
author = {Mathan, PJ and Gandhirajan, K and Bose, JC and Arumugam, S and Manivasagam, P and Kamaldeen, S},
title = {Endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate DIEP flap reconstruction following neoadjuvant chemotherapy for multifocal HER2-positive breast cancer: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of surgical case reports},
volume = {2026},
number = {5},
pages = {rjag344},
pmid = {42179715},
issn = {2042-8812},
abstract = {Endoscopic nipple-sparing mastectomy (E-NSM) is a minimally invasive approach that enables oncologically sound breast resection whilst minimizing visible scarring. Its application following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), particularly in combination with immediate autologous reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, remains infrequently reported. We describe a 38-year-old woman with multifocal HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast who achieved an excellent clinical and radiological response to HER2-directed neoadjuvant chemotherapy. She subsequently underwent E-NSM through a single axillary incision with intraoperative retroareolar frozen section assessment, followed by immediate DIEP flap reconstruction. Final histopathology demonstrated a pathological complete response (ypT0 ypN0; RCB-0). The postoperative course was uneventful, with full nipple-areolar complex viability and a satisfactory aesthetic outcome. This case demonstrates the feasibility and safety of this combined approach in carefully selected patients.},
}

@article {pmid42179716,
year = {2026},
author = {Kruithoff, BC and Cox, D and Cripe, M},
title = {Indocyanine green focused near-infrared fluorescence lymphography localization in treatment of chyle leak after mastectomy with targeted left axillary sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer.},
journal = {Journal of surgical case reports},
volume = {2026},
number = {5},
pages = {rjag359},
pmid = {42179716},
issn = {2042-8812},
abstract = {We present a woman in her 60s who underwent bilateral mastectomy with left axillary targeted lymph node biopsy in the setting of high grade invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast with metastasis to a left axillary lymph node. Her postoperative course was complicated by high output milky drainage from her left axillary surgical drain, consistent with a chyle leak, after confirmatory testing demonstrated drain fluid with high triglyceride content. The patient failed non-operative management consisting of low-fat diet and compressive measures. Ultimately, the patient returned to the operating room where indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence lymphography was used to localized damaged lymphatic channels, which were then ligated to resolve the leak. This report outlines a unique identification method of an unusual complication and serves to inform breast surgeons who may encounter this complication.},
}

@article {pmid42180954,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, H and Zhang, L and Zeng, Y and Zhang, Y and Ye, Z},
title = {Magnetic resonance imaging-based radiomics analysis: predicting vascular invasion in breast invasive ductal carcinoma using different machine learning models.},
journal = {Translational cancer research},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {282},
pmid = {42180954},
issn = {2219-6803},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an adverse prognostic factor; preoperative prediction by imaging is difficult, but radiomics extracts quantitative tumor biology features. Investigating the value of combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics features with multiple machine learning (ML) models in predicting LVI status in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 678 female patients with pathologically confirmed IDC of the breast was collected from June 2021 to June 2025. All patients underwent preoperative MRI. Based on postoperative pathology, patients were categorized into LVI-positive (n=258) and LVI-negative (n=420) groups. Using ITK-SNAP software, regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated in phase-3 dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI images to extract radiomics features. Feature selection and dimensionality reduction were performed using redundancy analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Data were randomly split into an 8:2 ratio for training (n=542) and testing (n=136) sets. Eight ML models were then constructed: logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest, extreme random trees (ExtraTrees), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). Univariate and multivariate LR analyses were performed to screen clinical and radiological features for establishing clinical models. Concurrently, a combined model integrating radiomics features with clinical characteristics was developed. The discriminatory power of each model was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC). AUC values for the radiological model, clinical model, and combined model underwent statistical comparison via Delong's test. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was employed to assess their clinical utility.

RESULTS: A total of 1,197 radiomics features were extracted, and after dimensionality reduction, 23 features with the highest predictive value were selected. The clinical prediction model constructed based on multifactorial analysis results indicated that LVI positivity was more likely to occur in postmenopausal patients [odds ratio (OR) =1.690; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.174-2.433], those with higher histological grade (OR =1.527; 95% CI: 1.107-2.107), sentinel lymph node metastasis (OR =0.198; 95% CI: 0.137-0.285), distinct molecular subtypes (OR =0.740; 95% CI: 0.567-0.965), and MRI maximum diameter ≥2 cm (OR =2.059; 95% CI: 1.362-3.113). Among radiomics models, the XGBoost model demonstrated optimal performance with a training set AUC of 0.912 and a validation set AUC of 0.706. The combined model exhibited the highest discriminatory ability in the training set (AUC =0.956) and a validation set AUC of 0.778. DCA indicated the combined model provided higher clinical net benefit.

CONCLUSIONS: A combined model incorporating MRI radiomics features and clinical factors demonstrates predictive value for the presence or absence of LVI in IDC of the breast, serving as a reference for individualized treatment decisions.},
}

@article {pmid42182462,
year = {2026},
author = {Schueddig, E and Kochat, V and Arslan, E and Dallas, Y and Yang, P and Padron, W and Li, Z and Henry, R and Lin, J and Mattohti, M and Madan, R and Fields, T and Golem, S and Khan, SA and Wagner, JL and Larson, KE and Balanoff, C and Aripoli, A and Huppe, A and Winblad, O and Peterson, J and Hill, M and Smith, C and Jeffers, EJ and Kilgore, LJ and Zang, C and Wei, P and Navin, N and Fabian, C and Lewis, MT and Zhu, Q and Thompson, A and Godwin, AK and Koestler, DC and Rai, K and Behbod, F},
title = {Cellular stemness identifies high-risk ductal carcinoma in situ and offers a therapeutic interception opportunity.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.64898/2026.05.13.724882},
pmid = {42182462},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) exhibits substantial heterogeneity in its risk of progression to invasive breast cancer, yet the cellular and molecular determinants of high-risk lesions remain incompletely defined. Using spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of 43 patient-derived DCIS and DCIS/invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) samples, we delineate cellular programs, spatial organization, and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms associated with invasive potential. We identify an epithelial population with stemness features within luminal hormone-responsive (LumHR) cells that progressively expands from benign tissue to DCIS and IDC, and is strongly associated with invasive progression and recurrence-linked transcriptional programs. Spatial mapping reveals discrete DCIS niches enriched for stem-like LumHR cells, characterized by elevated CEACAM6 expression and enhanced ligand-receptor interactions, including CEACAM6-EGFR signaling between epithelial and stromal compartments, including cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages (APOC1 -positive) and perivascular cells. These niches define a microenvironmental context that supports stemness and invasive potential. Epigenomic analyses implicate FOXA1 as a key regulator of these stem-like transcriptional states. Pharmacologic disruption of FOXA1-regulatory network using LSD1 inhibition suppresses stemness-associated transcriptional programs in vitro and significantly restrains tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, these findings define high-risk DCIS as a stemness-driven disease embedded within specialized microenvironments, and identify associated regulatory networks as candidate biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities.},
}

@article {pmid42183989,
year = {2026},
author = {Hanafy, MM and Kamal, RM and Khater, SHSA and Kirollus, MMG and Moustafa, AFI},
title = {Patterns of positron emission mammography uptake by benign and malignant breast lesions: radiopathological correlation with malignant histopathological subtypes, histological grades, and molecular subtypes.},
journal = {Annals of nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42183989},
issn = {1864-6433},
abstract = {PURPOSE: In the new era of nuclear breast imaging, differentiating benign from malignant uptake in the breast is essential in guiding clinical management. Accordingly, we aimed to assess the pattern of PEM uptake in benign and malignant breast lesions and to investigate its correlation with different histopathological subtypes, histological tumor grades, and molecular subtypes.

METHODS: This was a prospective study comprised of 337 women with 465 breast lesions, of whom 128 patients had bilateral breast lesions. All patients performed Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) from March 2022 to February 2024. Any abnormality was evaluated qualitatively (mass and non-mass enhancement) and quantitatively (PUVmax and LTB ratio). The PEM readings were correlated with final pathology to differentiate benign from malignant lesions, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the discriminant ability of PUVmax and LTB ratio in distinguishing histopathological groups, histological grades, and molecular subtypes.

RESULTS: According to the final pathology, 330 (71%) lesions were malignant, and 135 (29%) were benign. The ROC curve analysis showed cutoff values of 1.92 and 3.145 for PUVmax and the LTB ratio, respectively, to discriminate between benign and malignant breast lesions. Significant differences in PUVmax and LTB ratio were detected between benign lesions and histopathological types, grades, and molecular malignant subtypes. The cutoff values for PUVmax and LTB ratio from benign were 1.81 and 3.165 for Ductal carcinoma in situ, 2.09 and 3.55 for invasive duct carcinoma (IDC) 1.62 and 2.8 for invasive lobular carcinoma,1.92 & 3.165 for grade I, 1.935 & 3.145 for grade II & III tumors, 1.92 and 3.145 for luminal molecular subtype, 1.95 and 3.45 for HER 2 subtype, and 2.28 and 4.27 for the triple-negative subtype respectively. The lesions with irregular shapes, uncircumscribed margins, and segmental non-mass distribution have higher PUVmax and LTB ratios.

CONCLUSIONS: PEM is a valuable imaging modality for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions. PEM may enable stratification of malignant lesions by histopathological subtype, tumour grade, and molecular subtypes. The highest metabolic activity was observed in invasive duct carcinoma, grade III, and the triple-negative molecular subtype. Overall, PEM can provide in vivo evaluation of breast lesion metabolic activity, leading to better lesion characterization and individualized patient management. However, due to methodological constraints, subgroup sample size, and radiation exposure, PEM should be regarded as an adjunct to sonomammography rather than a primary screening imaging modality.},
}

@article {pmid42174492,
year = {2026},
author = {Çelik, Ö and Özgül, H and Kulaksızoğlu, S and Öner, OZ and Karakaş, BR and Çakır, RC and Arslan Onuk, ZA and Bilge, U},
title = {New biomarker in the early diagnosis of breast cancer: adiponectin, asprosin, adropin, and resistin.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12885-026-16183-z},
pmid = {42174492},
issn = {1471-2407},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of breast cancer remains difficult despite advances in imaging because false-positive and false-negative findings still occur. Circulating biomarkers reflecting metabolic and inflammatory changes may provide complementary information. Adiponectin, adropin, asprosin, and resistin have been suggested as candidates, yet their comparative diagnostic performance in breast cancer has not been adequately defined.

METHODS: This study included ninety women aged 18-60 years allocated to malignant breast cancer, benign breast disease, and healthy control groups (n = 30 each). All malignant cases were invasive ductal carcinoma. Serum adiponectin, adropin, asprosin, and resistin concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Group comparisons used parametric or non-parametric tests as appropriate. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis, optimal cut-off values by the Youden index. When appropriate, post hoc pairwise comparisons were performed following overall group comparisons to identify between-group differences.

RESULTS: Adiponectin levels were significantly lower, whereas adropin, asprosin, and resistin levels were significantly higher in malignant cases than in benign disease and controls (all p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed good to excellent discrimination for adropin (AUC 0.893), asprosin (AUC 0.906), and resistin (AUC 0.908), while adiponectin demonstrated moderate accuracy (AUC 0.786). Adropin, asprosin, and resistin correlated strongly with each other and showed moderate relationships with tumor size and stage; adiponectin displayed weaker correlations.

CONCLUSION: Adropin, asprosin, and resistin show promising diagnostic value for early breast cancer and outperform adiponectin. These biomarkers may complement imaging in clinical evaluation, although larger prospective studies are needed to confirm clinical applicability and to establish standardized thresholds for routine clinical practice across diverse patient populations.},
}

@article {pmid42175825,
year = {2026},
author = {Gurav, M and Shetty, O and Joshi, S and Gulia, S and Chaubal, R and Gupta, S and Shet, T},
title = {Establishment and Molecular Characterization of a Short-Term Primary Culture Derived From Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast.},
journal = {Cell biology international},
volume = {50},
number = {6},
pages = {e70167},
doi = {10.1002/cbin.70167},
pmid = {42175825},
issn = {1095-8355},
support = {//Institutional Ethics Committee of Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics ; Middle Aged ; *Primary Cell Culture/methods ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Aged ; },
abstract = {Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast, a rare and aggressive subtype, represents a unique morphology of reversed polarity with higher metastatic propensity. Due to the limited availability of experimental models, understanding distinct molecular pathways and potential therapeutic targets remains challenging. This study aimed to establish patient-derived cell cultures (PDCs) from IMPC to generate viable models for in-vitro studies. Tissue samples from five IMPC cases were enzymatically disaggregated using five different cell disaggregation protocols. These cells were characterized using immunofluorescence, short tandem repeats profiling, and real-time assays for tumor marker expression profiles. RNA sequencing was performed and compared with invasive ductal carcinoma, no special type (IDC-NST), to study differential gene expression and cell polarity markers. Two short-term PDCs were successfully established from IMPC samples with an optimized collagenase-based protocol. These cultures showed an immunohistochemical profile consistent with the original tumor tissues and maintained hormone receptor and MUC1 expression status. RNA sequencing of PDCs revealed similar gene expression patterns with matched tumor tissue and revealed upregulated RAP1, MAPK, and PI3K-AKT pathways, when compared with ER/PR-matched IDC. These PDCs also showed different gene expression patterns in cell-polarity associated genes, such as cadherins CDH2, tight junction gene MARVELD2, PAR complex gene PARD6B, and downregulation of the cell polarity CRB2 gene. This study indicated the need for an optimization of cell culture conditions and the feasibility of establishing patient-derived cell cultures from IMPC. These models provide a great tool to study molecular insights, cell polarity, and therapeutic research in a rare breast cancer subtype.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/metabolism
Female
*Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology/genetics/metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics
Middle Aged
*Primary Cell Culture/methods
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/genetics/metabolism
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Aged

@article {pmid42159767,
year = {2026},
author = {Kemna, MM and Aris-Meijer, JL and Verhagen, AAE and Teunissen, SCCM and Engel, M and Kars, MC},
title = {Interdisciplinary collaboration in pediatric palliative care: a qualitative study on barriers and facilitators as perceived by parents and healthcare professionals.},
journal = {European journal of pediatrics},
volume = {185},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {42159767},
issn = {1432-1076},
mesh = {Humans ; *Palliative Care/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; *Parents/psychology ; Female ; Child ; Male ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; *Patient Care Team/organization & administration ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; Child, Preschool ; Professional-Family Relations ; Cooperative Behavior ; *Interdisciplinary Communication ; Interviews as Topic ; Infant ; Pediatrics ; Adult ; Adolescent ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Pediatric palliative care (PPC) requires involvement of various healthcare professionals (HCPs) across home and hospital settings to address the complex needs of children and families. Interdisciplinary collaboration (IDC) among HCPs and parents is crucial for the coordination, continuation, and quality of PPC. Yet, IDC remains difficult to achieve in practice. We aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to IDC in PPC as experienced by expert parents and HCPs in order to strengthen PPC. An exploratory multiple-case study was conducted using semi-structured interviews. Cases consisted of (non-)bereaved parents of a child qualifying for PPC and their involved HCPs. Data was thematically analyzed using the QUAGOL method. Nine cases, representing nine children, were included, comprising interviews with 14 parents and 39 HCPs. Barriers and facilitators to IDC were context-dependent and spanned seven domains: network, interdependence, goals of care, roles and tasks, added value, responsibility, and urgency. IDC typically developed slowly after diagnosis due to barriers such as negative perceptions on collaborative partners or IDC. Collaboration intensified during crisis and the terminal phase due to facilitators such as awareness of being a network.

CONCLUSION:  IDC in PPC cases is best understood as occurring in situational care networks (SCNs): temporary, child-specific constellations of parents and fluctuating non-standard and transmural collaborating HCPs. This conceptualization exposes vulnerabilities, but also opportunities of support and complementary HCP expertise in PPC collaboration. Early initiation of SCNs seems to better strengthen structural IDC than reactive reliance on parental coordination or crisis-driven senses in PPC.

WHAT IS KNOWN: • Interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals and parents is crucial for coordination, continuation, and quality of pediatric palliative care. • Parents and healthcare professionals report challenges regarding collaboration in pediatric palliative care.

WHAT IS NEW: • Besides facilitators and barriers in interpersonal interactions, individual attitudes and perceptions affect interdisciplinary collaboration in pediatric palliative care. • Conceptualizing collaboration as situational care networks of non-standard, transmural collaboration between healthcare professionals and parents may strengthen interdisciplinary collaboration.},
}

Humans
*Palliative Care/psychology
Qualitative Research
*Parents/psychology
Female
Child
Male
*Attitude of Health Personnel
*Patient Care Team/organization & administration
*Health Personnel/psychology
Child, Preschool
Professional-Family Relations
Cooperative Behavior
*Interdisciplinary Communication
Interviews as Topic
Infant
Pediatrics
Adult
Adolescent

@article {pmid42162424,
year = {2026},
author = {Kaltenecker, D and Horvath, I and Al-Maskari, R and Chen, Y and Kolabas, ZI and Hoeher, L and Todorov, M and Minde, DP and Kapoor, S and Turhan, SG and Kuemmerle, LB and Steinke, H and Wohlgemuth, T and Ali, M and Kofler, F and Morigny, P and Geppert, J and Jeridi, D and Wittmann, B and Luo, J and Shit, S and Cigankova, C and Kolenic, VM and Gür, N and Aydeniz, E and Yücecan, A and Ertürk, M and Simons, LHA and Pan, C and Piraud, M and Rueckert, D and Rohm, M and Hellal, F and Elsner, M and Bhatia, HS and Bechmann, I and Menze, BH and Herzig, S and Paetzold, JC and Diaz, MB and Ertürk, A},
title = {A deep-learning framework reveals whole-body perturbations at cell level.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42162424},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {Many diseases, including obesity, have systemic effects that perturb multiple organ systems throughout the body[1,2]. However, tools for comprehensive, high-resolution analysis of disease-associated changes at the whole-body scale have been lacking. Here we developed MouseMapper, a suite of foundation-model-based deep-learning algorithms enabling multi-system analysis of disease across the entire mouse body. MouseMapper enables whole-body quantitative analysis of nerves and immune cells, resolving fine axonal branches and immune-cell clusters while automatically segmenting 31 organs and tissues. We used MouseMapper to study diet-induced obesity, and identified structural alterations of the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal ganglia. This structural impairment in infraorbital nerves was associated with functional sensory deficits in whisker sensing. Furthermore, we identified proteomic changes in the trigeminal ganglion affecting axon remodelling and complement pathways both in mice and humans. MouseMapper also generated detailed three-dimensional inflammation maps by characterizing immune cell cluster compositions across tissues. The MouseMapper framework demonstrates robust generalizability across different imaging resolutions and datasets. Our study provides a powerful, scalable approach for identifying and quantifying systemic pathologies, bridging molecular insights from animal models to human conditions.},
}

@article {pmid42163683,
year = {2026},
author = {Abbas, FF and Kamil, S and Khan, N and Shahid, R and Kamil, N and Ghazi Haider, M and Ali, R},
title = {Integrated Histopathological and Molecular Classification of Breast Cancer Using Immunohistochemistry (ER, PR, HER2) and KI-67.},
journal = {Current molecular medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/0115665240451765260424052126},
pmid = {42163683},
issn = {1875-5666},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Molecular classification of breast cancer based on Estrogen Receptor (ER), Progesterone Receptor (PR), and Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2 (HER2) expression has improved therapeutic decision-making; however, accurate differentiation between luminal subtypes remains challenging. The Ki-67 proliferation index is a valuable biomarker for assessing tumor aggressiveness and guiding treatment strategies. This study aimed to determine the frequency of molecular subtypes in breast cancer biopsies and evaluate their association with clinicopathologic parameters.

METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Histopathology Section of the Dow Diagnostic Research and Referral Laboratory (DDRRL), Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, from January to December 2024. A total of 913 breast cancer biopsy specimens were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67. Tumors were classified into Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2- enriched, and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Ethical approval was obtained from the DUHS Institutional Review Board (IRB-3423/DUHS/Approval/2024/93).

RESULTS: Among 913 patients, middle-aged adults [41-60 years] were most commonly affected. Luminal A [41%] was the predominant subtype, and invasive ductal carcinoma was the most frequent histological pattern. Molecular subtypes showed significant associations with tumor grade, histology, and laterality, with TNBC exhibiting a higher frequency of Grade III tumors.

DISCUSSION: Luminal A tumors were predominantly Grade II and hormone receptor- positive, whereas TNBC demonstrated higher grades and aggressive behavior. An inverse relationship between ER/PR and HER2 expression was observed. High Ki-67 index correlated with higher tumor grade and ER/PR negativity.

CONCLUSION: Combined histopathological and molecular classification provides important prognostic information and supports individualized breast cancer management.},
}

@article {pmid42164201,
year = {2026},
author = {Patel, R and Khan, F and Brahamane, AK and Chhipa, O},
title = {Cross-Sectional Study to Compare Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy vs. Complete Axillary Lymph Node Dissection for the Evaluation of Lymph Node Metastasis in Females With Locally Advanced Breast Carcinoma Post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {e107344},
pmid = {42164201},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background Accurate axillary staging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in locally advanced breast cancer is essential for treatment planning. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) offers a less morbid alternative to complete axillary lymph node dissection (CALND), but its diagnostic performance after NACT requires evaluation. Aim To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, specifically the sensitivity and false-negative rate, of SLNB compared to CALND in identifying residual axillary metastasis among females with locally advanced breast carcinoma who achieve a clinically node-negative (cN0) status following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a tertiary care setting. Materials and methods This prospective, cross-sectional, hospital-based observational study was conducted over one year at a tertiary care teaching hospital in central India. Forty-five consenting females (≥18 years) with cytologically or histologically proven locally advanced breast cancer, who were clinically node-negative after NACT, underwent intraoperative dye-guided SLNB with lower axillary sampling followed by completion axillary lymph node dissection. Histopathology from SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) specimens was compared. Diagnostic indices (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and accuracy) were calculated using ALND as the reference standard. Results Among 45 subjects, 64.44% were younger than 50 years, and tumors were more often left-sided (60.0%). Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most common histologic type (64.4%), and no residual tumor (NRT) was reported in 24.4% of patients. Mean tumor size was 2.15 ± 1.00 cm. SLNB was positive in 18 cases and negative in 27 cases; remaining axillary nodes were positive in 11 and negative in 34 subjects. SLNB demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.89%, specificity of 72.22%, false-negative rate of 11.11%, false-positive rate of 27.77%, positive predictive value of 44.44%, negative predictive value of 96.30%, and overall accuracy of 75.56%. Conclusion SLNB showed high sensitivity and a very high negative predictive value as compared with CALND for post-NACT axillary evaluation in clinically node-negative locally advanced breast cancer. The present findings support SLNB as a preliminary and hypothesis-generating alternative to CALND in the post-NACT setting for clinically node-negative LABC in resource-limited settings, while emphasizing that careful patient selection and adherence to best-practice technical standards are essential to maintain diagnostic reliability.},
}

@article {pmid42166521,
year = {2026},
author = {Tokura, M and Nakayama, J and Suzuki, H and Ochi, M and Umemori, M and Shiino, S and Yoshida, M and Takayama, S and Yatabe, Y and Yamamoto, Y},
title = {Spatial Transcriptomics and Bulk RNA-Seq Analysis Revealed Molecular Classification of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma.},
journal = {Cancer science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cas.70413},
pmid = {42166521},
issn = {1349-7006},
support = {JP256f0137008//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; 23K06665//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 21H02721//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; //MSD Life Sciences Foundation, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation/ ; 23812437//New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization/ ; //Kanzawa Medical Research Foundation/ ; //Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute/ ; //Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research/ ; //Takeda Science Foundation/ ; //SGH Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a special type of breast cancer. The histological subtypes of ILC exhibit diverse morphological features, and the prognosis differs accordingly. Compared with patients with classic-ILC (C-ILC), patients with pleomorphic-ILC (P-ILC) have a worse prognosis, owing to high-grade nuclear atypia and mitotic cells. However, the molecular differences between C-ILC and P-ILC remain unclear. To address this gap, we performed spatial transcriptomic profiling on four fresh-frozen C-ILC samples and four fresh-frozen P-ILC samples, followed by confirmation of reproducibility in bulk RNA-seq datasets. We identified significant enrichment of cellular response to heat stress in P-ILC. Furthermore, molecular clustering analysis using genes differentially expressed across ILC samples in spatial transcriptome revealed that ILC has three molecular subtypes: proliferative (PR), immunoreactive (IM), and stroma-rich (ST), associated with distinct prognostic outcomes. Although these molecular subtypes did not completely correspond to C-ILC or P-ILC, PR tended to include P-ILC, and ST tended to include C-ILC. These molecular clusters exhibited features comparable to previously reported subtypes. Despite these phenotypic features, ILC is generally treated similarly to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), with limited consideration of molecular subtype classification. Our findings suggest that molecular profiling may more accurately reflect prognosis than conventional histological classification and may provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.},
}

@article {pmid42168377,
year = {2026},
author = {Al-Khafiz, KMF and Kartini, R and Tanty, RHM and Farhana, F and Izza, RF and Ng, KH and Aishah, MTN and Wong, JHD},
title = {Apparent diffusion coefficient and intravoxel incoherent motion-derived true diffusion serve as early non-contrast longitudinal biomarkers of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-51568-x},
pmid = {42168377},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {Grant code: RP008D-13HTM//University of Malaya/ ; Grant code: RP008D-13HTM//University of Malaya/ ; FRGS/1/2019/SKK03/UM/01/1//Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)/ ; FRGS/1/2019/SKK03/UM/01/1//Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)/ ; },
abstract = {Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) frequently requires neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and early, non-contrast imaging biomarkers are of increasing clinical interest for monitoring treatment response. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MRI provide quantitative measures of tumour microstructure without gadolinium administration. To evaluate whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and true diffusion (Dt) derived from IVIM can serve as early non-contrast imaging biomarkers of NAC response in patients with LABC. Fourteen women with biopsy-proven LABC underwent MRI at baseline (T0), after the first NAC cycle (T1), and after the third cycle (T2). ADC was calculated from b = 0 and 1000 s/mm[2], while Dt, Dp, and f were obtained using a full bi-exponential IVIM model incorporating all b-values (0-1000 s/mm[2]). Only four patients completed all three MRI timepoints. Tumour diameter and diffusion parameters were compared across time. At baseline, ADC and Dt were significantly lower in malignant lesions compared with contralateral fibroglandular tissue (p < 0.01). Following NAC, mean tumour ADC increased by 27.2% at T1 and 39.5% at T2, accompanied by progressive tumour size reduction (50.9% at T2). Dt demonstrated a similar upward trend. Perfusion-related IVIM parameters (Dp and f) showed no consistent differences. ROC analysis demonstrated high discriminatory performance of ADC for differentiating invasive ductal carcinoma from normal tissue (AUC = 1.00), although this finding must be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size. ADC and Dt showed early increases following NAC that paralleled reductions in tumour size, supporting their potential as practical, contrast-free imaging biomarkers of treatment-related microstructural changes. However, the limited number of complete longitudinal datasets (n = 4) and the pilot nature of the study require cautious interpretation. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.},
}

@article {pmid42155479,
year = {2026},
author = {Fernández Brillet, C and Thomas, WM and Mueller, KN and Roberts, DC and Graham, CJC and Lehar, MY and Della Santina, CC and Fridman, GY},
title = {Vestibular peripheral function remains robust after two weeks of continuous ionic direct current stimulation.},
journal = {Journal of neural engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/1741-2552/ae6ff3},
pmid = {42155479},
issn = {1741-2552},
abstract = {Conventional neural prostheses use brief charge-balanced pulses to minimize the risk of electrode polarization and irreversible electrochemistry at the electrode-electrolyte interface, constraining the waveforms that can be delivered long-term. Direct current (DC) stimulation has shown advantages, such as direct excitation and inhibition of tissue, but prior in vivo reports have been largely limited to acute durations. This study explores the physiological and histological effects of prolonged DC stimulation at amplitudes effective for neuromodulation while isolating tissue from the electrode-electrolyte interface. Approach: We developed a separated interface nerve electrode (SINE) device for long-term ionic direct current (iDC) stimulation in free-roaming rodents. Using our device, we applied 14 days of continuous iDC targeting the vestibular periphery in nine chinchillas. We measured vestibulo-ocular reflex responses to iDC before and after stimulation. Postmortem, we performed a histological comparison of stimulated ears and implanted but unstimulated controls. Main results: All chinchillas retained robust vestibular reflex function after 14 days of continuous iDC at up to 30 µA. Histological exam found no differences associated with iDC stimulation between the stimulated ears and the implanted but unstimulated ears. Significance: Decoupling the metal-electrolyte interface from the target tissue enables prolonged delivery of iDC at amplitudes effective for neuromodulation without causing a loss of physiologic responses or histologic signs of structural damage. .},
}

@article {pmid42157146,
year = {2026},
author = {Lima, ADN and Millen, EC and Cavalcante, FP and Zerwes, FP and Mattar, A and Antonini, M and Kraft, MBPL and de Alencar, AFO and Queiroz Germano, A and Torres, DP and Goulart Carneiro, E and de Lima, CFF and Torresan, RZ and Brenelli, FP and Lichtenfels, M and Bines, J and Frasson, AL},
title = {Reoperation rates following breast-conserving surgery in a contemporary cohort.},
journal = {BMC surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12893-026-03812-4},
pmid = {42157146},
issn = {1471-2482},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast-conserving surgery (BCS) followed by adjuvant radiotherapy is the standard of care for early-stage breast cancer. However, reoperations after BCS may compromise aesthetic outcomes, increase surgical complications, and cause psychological distress. This study aimed to determine the reoperation rate after BCS in a multi-institutional cohort from Brazil and to identify predictive factors associated with reoperation.

METHODS: This retrospective multicenter cohort study included female breast cancer patients (AJCC clinical stage 0-III) who underwent BCS followed by adjuvant radiotherapy at six treatment centers in Brazil between January 2016 and December 2022. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between potential risk factors and reoperation.

RESULTS: The overall reoperation rate was 5.2%, with a higher rate in the public hospital (9.9%) than in private hospitals (4.8%). Patients had a mean age of 58.2 years, with 70.5% aged over 50; 58.3% were White, and 89.8% were treated in private settings. The most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (67.0%), with AJCC stage I (49.3%) and hormone receptor-positive tumors (54.6%) predominating. Logistic regression showed that ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was significantly associated with an increased risk of reoperation (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.08-5.76, p = 0.024), whereas the absence of multifocal tumors was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.16-0.98, p = 0.031).

CONCLUSION: Reoperation after BCS was infrequent in this cohort. DCIS was associated with an increased risk of reoperation, whereas the absence of multifocal disease was associated with a reduced risk. Higher reoperation rates observed in the public hospital should be interpreted with caution given the limited representation of this setting.},
}

@article {pmid42157433,
year = {2026},
author = {Rima, XY and Majumder, S and Patel, DS and Hu, C and Li, H and Huang, X and Nguyen, KT and Doon-Ralls, J and Nagaraj, CK and Hade, MD and Magaña, SM and Shankar, E and Zhang, X and Stover, DG and Ramaswamy, B and Reátegui, E},
title = {Multidimensional Cellular Micro-Compartments to Model Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Dormancy.},
journal = {Advanced healthcare materials},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e04981},
doi = {10.1002/adhm.202504981},
pmid = {42157433},
issn = {2192-2659},
support = {//U.S. National Institutes of Health/ ; UG3/UH3TR002884/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; U18TR003807/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; T32HL149637/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; P30CA016058/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; 1285320//Burroughs Wellcome Fund/ ; //President's Research Excellence Program at The Ohio State University/ ; //Translational Therapeutics Seed Award at The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center/ ; //W.K. Kellogg Foundation Postdoctoral Recruitment and Onboarding Supplement/ ; //Sigma Xi Grants in Aid of Research/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for 10-15% of breast cancers. Despite favorable responses to anti-estrogen therapy, the dissemination of cancer cells and resistance to therapies are significant risks for patients with ILC. Late recurrences are prevalent in ILC, suggesting that disseminated tumor cell (DTC) dormancy may be a mechanism preceding their late overt growth into metastatic lesions. Herein, we investigated the relationship between anti-estrogen resistance and dormancy through multidimensional, micro-compartmentalized in vitro models. The bioengineered platforms recapitulated the morphological characteristics of ILC and highlighted its distinction from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Inducing a reversible dormant phenotype revealed epigenetic changes and enhanced chemical and mechanical sensing of anti-estrogen-resistant ILC cells to the substrate surface, with p27[Kip1] signaling playing a central role. We propose this platform as a high-throughput method for investigating ILC dormancy and its manifestation using a simplified, expedited approach.},
}

@article {pmid42151694,
year = {2026},
author = {Liskiewicz, D and Novikoff, A and Khalil, A and Akindehin, S and Campbell, JE and Candela, P and Castelino, RL and Coupland, C and Culot, M and Dodson, WS and Douros, JD and Embring, H and Feuchtinger, A and Finan, B and Garcia-Caceres, C and Gao, XB and Gosselet, F and Grandl, G and Gutgesell, RM and Haas, DT and Jastroch, M and Karaoglu, E and Kakimoto, P and Kaltenbach, AC and Keuper, M and Kusminski, CM and Leander, DC and Liskiewicz, A and Liu, X and Maity-Kumar, G and Martinez, SM and Mowery, SA and Nogueiras, R and Paisley, M and Perez-Tilve, D and Petersen, PSS and Pfluger, PT and Prakash, S and Steffens, S and Cebrian-Serrano, A and Tost, M and Wean, J and Weber, C and Yoshida, J and Gerhart-Hines, Z and Horvath, TL and Scherer, PE and Seeley, RJ and DiMarchi, RD and Tschöp, MH and Krahmer, N and Knerr, PJ and Müller, TD},
title = {Publisher Correction: GLP-1R-GIPR-PPARα/γ/δ quintuple agonism corrects obesity and diabetes in mice.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-026-10619-z},
pmid = {42151694},
issn = {1476-4687},
}

@article {pmid42139905,
year = {2026},
author = {Balar, S and Joshi, E and Rawal, R and Saiyad, H and Haque, M and Desai, U},
title = {Multimodal molecular profiling of invasive ductal carcinoma: High concordance of qPCR with FISH in HER2 assessment and exomic landscape of high-risk subtypes.},
journal = {Pathology, research and practice},
volume = {284},
number = {},
pages = {156523},
doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2026.156523},
pmid = {42139905},
issn = {1618-0631},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Accurate evaluation of HER2 status is critical for the targeted management of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast; however, resolving equivocal immunohistochemistry (IHC) results remains a significant clinical challenge. This study aims to comparatively evaluate IHC, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for precise HER2 assessment, while mapping the broader genetic landscape of aggressive IDC subtypes using whole-exome sequencing (WES).

METHODS: We comprehensively analyzed 160 histopathologically confirmed IDC samples using IHC, FISH, and qPCR to evaluate hormone receptor and HER2 amplification status. Furthermore, targeted biomarker profiling (Androgen Receptor [AR] and Ki-67) and exploratory WES were performed on a high-risk subset of 10 HER2-positive (IHC 3 +) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases to identify underlying somatic mutations and structural variations.

RESULTS: qPCR demonstrated a high diagnostic concordance with gold-standard FISH for detecting HER2 gene amplification across all ASCO/CAP classification groups (sensitivity 96.4%, κ = 0.94; p < 0.05). Notably, qPCR successfully resolved the clinically ambiguous IHC 2 + cohort, identifying definitive HER2 amplification in 41.3% of these cases. Biomarker profiling identified AR expression within the TNBC cohort, suggesting the presence of the clinically actionable Luminal Androgen Receptor (LAR) subtype. Furthermore, exploratory genomic profiling via WES revealed profound intratumoral heterogeneity: TNBC samples frequently harbored pathogenic variants in TP53, BRCA1, and MYCN, whereas the HER2 3 + cohort exhibited prominent mutations in PAK1, CUL3, and TP53.

CONCLUSION: Our findings establish qPCR as a highly robust and accurate diagnostic adjunct for resolving clinically equivocal HER2 cases in IDC. Furthermore, while restricted to a limited exploratory subset, the integration of targeted genomic profiling identified complex mutational hubs driving aggressive breast cancer phenotypes. These hypothesis-generating insights provide a vital framework for bridging accurate diagnostic stratification with future precision oncology strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42147594,
year = {2026},
author = {Xanthopoulou, G and Barkolias, C and Theodorolea, K and Spyrou, I and Tasis, NP},
title = {Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma of the Breast Presenting 40 Years After Breast-Conserving Therapy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {e107037},
pmid = {42147594},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast-conserving surgery combined with radiotherapy has been established as a standard therapeutic option for the management of early-stage breast cancer. Although radiation-associated tumors most frequently include sarcomas, lung cancer, and contralateral breast carcinoma, lymphoid malignancies arising within previously irradiated breast tissue are rarely reported. Breast lymphoma is a rare entity, and its occurrence following prior treatment for breast cancer may pose a diagnostic challenge as it can mimic recurrence of the primary malignancy. We report a case of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the breast in an 88-year-old woman presenting approximately 40 years after breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy for invasive ductal carcinoma. The lesion was initially suspected to represent recurrent breast cancer based on clinical and imaging findings; however, histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation confirmed lymphoma. Although the tumor arose within a previously irradiated field, a causal relationship with prior radiotherapy could be established and should be interpreted with caution. This case highlights the importance of considering alternative diagnoses in patients presenting with new breast lesions long after initial cancer treatment, particularly in elderly individuals.},
}

@article {pmid42148455,
year = {2026},
author = {Jimbo, K and Tsuji, T},
title = {A Case of Abscess Formation after Radiofrequency Ablation for Early Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42148455},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast-conserving surgery with whole-breast irradiation is the standard local treatment for early-stage breast cancer. Recently, less invasive approaches have gained attention with advances in imaging and ablative technologies. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) induces thermal coagulative necrosis and has been explored as a potential alternative for selected small breast tumors, with favorable oncological and cosmetic outcomes reported. However, data regarding infectious complications remain limited. Because RFA creates devitalized tissue, secondary infection and abscess formation may occur. We report a rare case of delayed abscess formation after breast RFA that required surgical management.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old woman with cT1bN0M0 invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast underwent RFA combined with sentinel lymph node biopsy. Adjuvant endocrine therapy and whole-breast irradiation were subsequently administered. Four months after RFA, MRI and vacuum-assisted biopsy confirmed complete tumor ablation. Six months after the procedure, the patient developed progressive swelling, erythema, and tenderness of the left breast. Despite systemic antibiotic therapy, symptoms persisted. Contrast-enhanced CT and ultrasonography revealed fluid accumulation within the ablation zone, consistent with abscess formation. Surgical incision and drainage with debridement were performed. The patient recovered gradually, and complete wound healing was achieved 2 months after the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case of delayed abscess formation following breast RFA that required surgical management. As RFA becomes more widely implemented, awareness of potential late infectious complications and prompt intervention are essential for ensuring patient safety.},
}

@article {pmid42150208,
year = {2026},
author = {Nazarli, S and Bircan, T and Bozkurt, SU and Dolek, R and Guclu, DG},
title = {Synchronous tumor-to-tumor metastasis of breast carcinoma to intracranial meningioma: illustrative case.},
journal = {Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons},
volume = {11},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3171/CASE26157},
pmid = {42150208},
issn = {2694-1902},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Tumor-to-tumor metastasis (TTM) is a rare pathological phenomenon that most frequently involves intracranial meningiomas as recipient tumors and breast carcinoma as donor malignancy. Despite this known association, synchronous diagnosis of both tumors during the same diagnostic workup is exceptionally uncommon.

OBSERVATIONS: A 70-year-old woman presented with progressive left lower extremity weakness and loss of smell. Neuroimaging revealed a right frontal extra-axial mass, initially interpreted as a metastatic lesion. Concurrent physical examination revealed an ulcerated mass in the right breast. Given her rapid neurological deterioration, surgical intervention was planned, and the patient underwent craniotomy with gross-total resection, along with a same-day biopsy of the breast lesion. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses revealed a meningioma harboring metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, confirming TTM. Postoperative systemic staging revealed widespread metastatic disease, which prompted the initiation of systemic oncological therapy.

LESSONS: TTM should not be regarded merely as a pathological curiosity but as a clinically relevant entity. Synchronous presentation, particularly in the setting of aggressive systemic disease, necessitates integrated surgical, pathological, and molecularly guided multidisciplinary decision-making to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE26157.},
}

@article {pmid42151560,
year = {2026},
author = {Kahounová, Z and Hrušková, M and Drápela, S and Naar, O and Víchová, R and Navrátil, J and Fabian, P and Kokáš, FZ and Hampl, A and Bouchal, J and Souček, K},
title = {Circulating tumour cell-derived xenograft as a preclinical platform for metastatic breast cancer.},
journal = {British journal of cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42151560},
issn = {1532-1827},
support = {Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5102//Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)/ ; Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5102//Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)/ ; NU21-08-00023//Agentura Pro Zdravotnický Výzkum České Republiky (Czech Health Research Council)/ ; NU21-08-00023//Agentura Pro Zdravotnický Výzkum České Republiky (Czech Health Research Council)/ ; NU21-08-00023//Agentura Pro Zdravotnický Výzkum České Republiky (Czech Health Research Council)/ ; MMCI 00209805//Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky (Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic)/ ; MMCI 00209805//Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky (Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are mediators of cancer dissemination and the formation of metastasis, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Experimental models derived from CTCs contribute to understanding the biology of CTCs, their role in dissemination, and the discovery of potential drugs targeting CTCs.

METHODS: A xenograft was derived from CTCs isolated from a patient diagnosed with metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. The characterisation of the CTCs-derived xenograft (CDX) was conducted through in vivo experimental metastatic assays, RNA-Seq, spectral flow cytometry, and drug sensitivity tests.

RESULTS: The CTCs-enriched fraction formed a CDX within 6 months, and its metastatic potential was confirmed. CDX cells were propagated in vitro, where the enrichment of CD44[+]/CD24[-] breast cancer stem cells was confirmed. An RNA-Seq-based comparison of CDX with the primary tumour from the same patient unravelled substantial changes in genes related to cell growth, metabolism, and extracellular signalling. CDX and in vitro cell culture showed sensitivity to carboplatin. A partial response was also observed for vandetanib, which was selected through in silico analysis of transcriptomic data.

CONCLUSIONS: We present and characterise a novel model derived from CTCs for understanding the plasticity and behaviour of CTCs and advanced breast cancer. CDX_IBP_01 was established from the CTC-enriched fraction obtained from the patient with progressing breast cancer. Once stably re-transplanted and growing in vivo, the transcriptomes of CDX and archived primary BCa1 samples were compared. 2D and 3D in vitro cell cultures were established from sorted human cancer cells from an in vivo xenograft. Phenotypes of established models and their stability were characterised using spectral flow cytometry. The metastatic potential of CDX was evaluated in an in vivo assay. Finally, the applicability of the established model for in vivo and in vitro drug screening was evaluated. Created in https://BioRender.com .},
}

@article {pmid42135779,
year = {2026},
author = {Abu Elnga, NE and Safina, MK and Shehata, MR and Ayoub, MT and Soliman, A},
title = {Reliability and oncological safety of pedicled skin island therapeutic mammoplasty as an alternative to Grisotti mastopexy for centrally located breast cancer patients.},
journal = {World journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12957-026-04399-z},
pmid = {42135779},
issn = {1477-7819},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Centrally located breast cancers (CLBC) involving the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) pose a significant challenge for breast-conserving surgery, often necessitating mastectomy. The Grisotti flap, while a valuable oncoplastic technique, has limitations in vascular reliability and applicability, especially post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We introduce a novel "Pedicled Skin Island Therapeutic Mammoplasty" (PSI-TM) as an alternative.

METHODS: This single-center retrospective study analyzed 23 consecutive patients with CLBC infiltrating or fixed to the NAC who underwent PSI-TM between April 2018 and June 2023. All patients had medium-to-large breast volumes (Cup C/D). Data on demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical outcomes, complications, aesthetic results, and oncological safety were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS: The cohort was predominantly premenopausal (82.6%) with invasive ductal carcinoma (87.0%). Most patients (73.9%) were treated post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The overall complication rate was 21.7% (5/23), all Clavien-Dindo Grade I-II, with no returns to the operating room. The combined ratings from the surgeon and independent observer were 'Good' or 'Very Good' in 73.9% of cases (17/23). Over a median follow-up of 50 months, there were no instances of positive margins, local recurrence, or distant metastasis.

CONCLUSION: PSI-TM is a feasible and safe oncoplastic technique for CLBC with NAC involvement. It may offer improved vascular security compared to the traditional Grisotti flap based on theoretical anatomical advantages, leading to low complication rates, excellent aesthetic results, and encouraging early oncological outcomes, even in a post-neoadjuvant setting.},
}

@article {pmid42138073,
year = {2026},
author = {Morigny, P and Ji, H and Cussonneau, L and Zorzato, S and Kwon, Y and Riols, F and Kaltenecker, D and Maier, A and Karthikaisamy, V and Corrà, S and Krauss, T and Seeliger, C and Gillani, SQ and Tissink, JJ and Lacas-Gervais, S and Samanci, TF and Maida, A and Terron-Exposito, R and Trinca, A and von Toerne, C and Nogara, L and Claussnitzer, M and Prokopchuk, O and Bachmann, J and Berriel Diaz, M and Bindels, LB and Kuda, O and Hauner, H and Haid, M and Herzig, S and Viscomi, CF and Gilleron, J and Zeigerer, A and Blaauw, B and Rohm, M},
title = {Inhibition of ceramide synthesis ameliorates body wasting in a cancer cachexia model.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {136},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1172/JCI194687},
pmid = {42138073},
issn = {1558-8238},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ceramides/biosynthesis/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics ; *Cachexia/metabolism/pathology/etiology/drug therapy/genetics ; Mice ; Male ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology ; Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/complications ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; },
abstract = {Cachexia is a metabolic wasting syndrome affecting many patients with cancer, with poor survival outcomes. Disturbed lipid metabolism is a hallmark of cachexia, and our previous work has identified increased levels of circulating ceramides, which are bioactive lipids with adverse effects in metabolic diseases, as biomarkers for cachexia in mouse models and patients. Here, we investigated the role of ceramides on cachexia development using the well-established C26 colon carcinoma model. We demonstrated that elevated ceramides in cachexia arose from increased liver synthesis. We showed that ceramides directly contributed to impaired mitochondrial function and energy homeostasis in cachexia target tissues. Targeting ceramide synthesis using miRNA interference, or myriocin, an approved compound targeting the key synthesis enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), improved markers of muscle atrophy in cachectic male mice. Importantly, we demonstrated that key enzymes involved in ceramide production were also elevated in livers, but not in other organs, of patients with cancer cachexia, correlating with disease severity. Our data place ceramides as contributors to metabolic dysfunction in cachexia and highlight the suitability of the ceramide synthesis pathway for therapeutic targeting.},
}

Animals
*Ceramides/biosynthesis/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics
*Cachexia/metabolism/pathology/etiology/drug therapy/genetics
Mice
Male
Humans
Liver/metabolism/pathology
Disease Models, Animal
Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology
Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics
Cell Line, Tumor
*Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology/complications
Mice, Inbred C57BL

@article {pmid42121358,
year = {2026},
author = {Qu, L and Li, J and Ding, S and Long, Q and Yi, W},
title = {Exploring key biomarkers associated with axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer using single-cell RNA sequencing and Mendelian randomization.},
journal = {The International journal of biological markers},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {3936155261443650},
doi = {10.1177/03936155261443650},
pmid = {42121358},
issn = {1724-6008},
abstract = {BackgroundAxillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) serves as a critical prognostic determinant in breast cancer, yet the molecular drivers governing lymphatic dissemination remain poorly characterized. Integrating single-cell transcriptomic profiling with Mendelian-randomization (MR)-based genetic prioritization may help reveal cell type-specific mechanisms underlying metastatic progression.MethodsWe analyzed the GSE195861 single-cell RNA sequencing dataset encompassing six invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) samples and paired ALNM specimens. t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding-based clustering and SingleR annotation delineated cellular heterogeneity, while differential expression analysis identified metastasis-associated genes in epithelial compartments. MR analysis employing five robust methods (inverse variance-weighted, weighted median, MR-Egger, simple/weighted mode) integrated genome-wide association study data (GCST90018799) to establish causal gene-breast cancer associations. CellChat reconstructed ligand-receptor networks across nine annotated cell types.ResultsUnsupervised clustering resolved 27 cell clusters into nine lineages, revealing ALNM-specific expansion of monocytes, pre-B cells, and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Epithelial cells exhibited 2421 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between IDC and ALNM, including 12 genes whose genetically predicted expression showed significant associations with breast cancer risk in MR analysis (P < 0.05). CD53 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.110, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.019-1.209, P = 0.017) and TCDD-inducible poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (TIPARP) (OR = 1.153, 95% CI = 1.032-1.288, P = 0.012) were prioritized as candidate genes, as their genetically predicted expression was associated with increased breast cancer risk in weighted median MR. Cell-cell communication analysis implicated macrophage-derived midkine-nucleolin signaling and B-cell-orchestrated macrophage migration inhibitory factor-(CD74 + CXCR4) axis in metastatic crosstalk. Functional enrichment linked DEGs to extracellular matrix remodeling and MAPK/PI3K-Akt activation.ConclusionThis multi-omics integration prioritizes CD53 and TIPARP as ALNM-associated candidate genes with genetically supported associations with breast cancer risk, with macrophage-epithelial and B-cell-HSC interactions serving as potential therapeutic targets. Our findings provide a roadmap for developing metastasis-interceptive strategies through precision targeting of the ALNM-associated tumor microenvironment.},
}

@article {pmid42131880,
year = {2026},
author = {Mapoko, BSE and Atenguena, E and Moun, ANN and Bell, ED and Tabola, L and Anaba, D and Sango, A and Tayou, R},
title = {Clinical, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of de novo metastatic breast cancer in Cameroon.},
journal = {Ecancermedicalscience},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {2092},
pmid = {42131880},
issn = {1754-6605},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The dilemma of the incurability of metastatic breast cancer has driven therapeutic advances aimed at prolonging survival. However, access to these innovative treatments remains a significant challenge in low-income countries. Consequently, a diagnosis of de novo metastatic breast cancer (dnMBC) may be perceived as a diagnosis of imminent death. We aimed to analyse the clinical, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of dnMBC in a Cameroonian context.

METHODOLOGY: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive study with retrospective data collection from 116 patients with dnMBC followed in two cancer reference hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon, between 2020 and 2022. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25 and Excel 2019.

RESULTS: Of 1,006 confirmed breast cancer cases, 116 were dnMBC (prevalence: 11.53%). The mean age was 47.4 ± 12.1 years, and males accounted for 1.72% of the sample. Pathologically, the predominant subtype was invasive ductal carcinoma (92.2%; n = 83), with hormone-sensitive hormone receptor+/HER2 human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 - tumours being the most frequent among those with available immunohistochemistry (IHC) (58%; n = 18). The disease was often polymetastatic (69.8%), with the most common sites being the lungs (72.4%) and liver (40.5%). Treatments were mainly systemic (53.2%), sometimes combined with surgery (43%). The median overall survival was estimated at 24 months (95% CI = 14.21-33.78).

CONCLUSION: Survival outcomes for dnMBC remain poor, limited by the lack of full access to optimal care, including systematic IHC testing. A more effective multidisciplinary approach to the disease and the factors affecting survival is needed for optimal utilisation of available therapeutic regimens.},
}

@article {pmid42135205,
year = {2026},
author = {Schiebl, M and Trnková, P and Heilemann, G and Jindráková, M and Tögl, S and Georg, D and Lechner, W},
title = {A probabilistic framework for risk-bounded patient-specific quality assurance in volumetric modulated arc therapy based on measured and calculated gamma pass rates.},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur medizinische Physik},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.zemedi.2026.04.003},
pmid = {42135205},
issn = {1876-4436},
abstract = {This study introduces a probabilistic framework for patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), using gamma pass rates obtained from both measurement-based and independent calculation-based PSQA. The model quantifies the probability that treatment plans classified as acceptable by an independent dose calculation (IDC) algorithm would nevertheless fail measurement-based verification. This probability, referred to as the false omission rate, represents the residual risk of skipping measurements for plans classified as unproblematic by the calculation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated limited discriminative performance of the IDC, underscoring that reliance on calculation alone entails non-negligible miss probabilities. In a retrospective cohort of 1346 clinical VMAT plans across multiple anatomical sites, false omission rates ranged from below 1% in well-represented groups such as prostate to above 20% for sparsely represented treatment regions. Based on these empirically derived miss probabilities, the framework allows the definition of measurement intervals that constrain the cumulative probability of undetected plan failure below a predefined institutional threshold. In this way, PSQA strategies involving reduced measurement schedules for selected plans can be quantitatively assessed and constrained within explicit probabilistic safety limits. The proposed method is transparent, independent of complex machine learning models, and directly applicable to empirical QA datasets. By making the risk of undetected failure explicit and quantifiable, it enables structured, risk-informed PSQA policies grounded in defined safety constraints.},
}

@article {pmid42135608,
year = {2026},
author = {Dy, A and Lennerz, JK},
title = {Ki-67 as a Treatment Decision Modifier in Breast Cancer.},
journal = {The oncologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/oncolo/oyag183},
pmid = {42135608},
issn = {1549-490X},
abstract = {Ki-67 is widely used in breast cancer; however, the fraction of patients in whom it meaningfully alters treatment decisions is not well established. Using a guideline-based approach anchored in National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommendations (v2.2026), we identified clinical scenarios in which Ki-67 directly modifies adjuvant therapy decisions and estimated their prevalence using population-level data and complementary datasets, recognizing that fully annotated datasets capturing all relevant clinicopathological variables remain limited. A back-of-the-envelope model suggests that only a small fraction of patients meet the combined criteria of HR+/HER2- subtype, T2 stage, grade 2 histology, and Ki-67 ≥ 20%. This estimate, compared to population-scale (n = 117,990 patients) and curated datasets (n = 1,356 patients), indicates that the clinically relevant subset remains in the low single digits (3-5%). Ki-67 meaningfully impacts care only in specific decision settings, particularly near clinically relevant thresholds where small analytic variation may translate into treatment changes; outside these contexts, its routine use has limited evidence for clinical utility. Its application should therefore be selective, context-dependent, and focused on scenarios in which threshold-adjacent precision is clinically consequential.},
}

@article {pmid42120740,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, C and Liu, X and Wu, S and Lin, SX and Feldman, AS and Wu, CL and Dahl, DM},
title = {Cribriform/Intraductal carcinoma exhibits superior prognostic value over Gleason pattern 4 percentage and tertiary pattern 5 in Gleason pattern 4 prostate cancer.},
journal = {World journal of urology},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42120740},
issn = {1433-8726},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/surgery ; Neoplasm Grading ; Retrospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Prostatectomy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the absence of primary or secondary pattern 5, Gleason pattern 4 encompasses Gleason scores 3 + 4, 4 + 3, and 4 + 4 at radical prostatectomy (RP). The associated adverse pathological features, including Gleason pattern 4% (%GP4), cribriform/intraductal carcinoma (Crib/IDC), and tertiary pattern 5 (TP5), have become particularly important factors for improving postoperative risk stratification. However, few studies have simultaneously evaluated the prognostic significance of %GP4, Crib/IDC, and TP5 specifically within Gleason pattern 4 disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic significance of %GP4, Crib/IDC and TP5 for biochemical recurrence (BCR) and metastasis in RP patients with Gleason pattern 4 disease.

METHODS: A retrospective cohort of RP patients with Gleason pattern 4 disease was identified from 2008 to 2014 at Massachusetts General Hospital. Pathological variables included %GP4, Crib/IDC, and TP5. Patients were stratified by these features to assess their prognostic impact. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to evaluate their prognostic associations with BCR and metastasis.

RESULTS: Among 559 RP patients with Gleason pattern 4 disease, 55.1% had %GP4 ≥ 50%, 49.0% were Crib/IDC-positive, and 12.3% exhibited TP5, with these three variables exhibiting clear interrelationships. All three adverse morphological features were associated with significantly worse BCR-free survival and metastasis-free survival (log-rank P < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression, Crib/IDC demonstrated the strongest prognostic association, independently predicting an 80% increased risk of BCR (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.35-2.40) and 90% increased risk of metastasis (HR 1.90, 95% CI 1.19-3.03). %GP4 remained a significant continuous predictor of both endpoints (HR 1.009 per 1% increase for BCR; HR 1.016 for metastasis), whereas TP5 retained significance as a predictor only for BCR (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.04-2.06) but not for metastasis (HR 1.31, P = 0.298).

CONCLUSION: %GP4, Crib/IDC, and TP5 were correlated and adverse features in RP patients with Gleason pattern 4 disease and were associated with worse oncologic outcomes. Crib/IDC demonstrated the strongest prognostic relevance, supporting consideration of standardized reporting beyond Gleason score alone.},
}

Humans
Male
*Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology/surgery
Neoplasm Grading
Retrospective Studies
Prognosis
Middle Aged
Aged
Prostatectomy
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology

@article {pmid42115324,
year = {2026},
author = {Munari, E and Antonini, P and Cima, L and Polati, R and Caliò, A and Gobbo, STM and Colecchia, M and Netto, GJ and Antonelli, A and Bertolo, RG and Grisi, C and Litjens, G and Brunelli, M},
title = {The evolution of prostate cancer grading: from Gleason score to risk taxonomy and the artificial intelligence revolution.},
journal = {Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42115324},
issn = {1432-2307},
abstract = {Histopathological grading remains the cornerstone of risk stratification in prostate cancer, yet conventional Gleason-based assessment is limited by interobserver variability and by the biological heterogeneity concealed within Gleason pattern 4. This review examines the evolution of prostate cancer grading from the original Gleason system to contemporary Grade Groups and to newer morphology-based frameworks that seek to refine prognostic stratification. Particular attention is given to the distinction between patterns 3 and 4, which remains clinically pivotal but diagnostically challenging, especially in the setting of poorly formed glands. By contrast, cribriform architecture has emerged as one of the most reproducible and prognostically adverse components of pattern 4. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), which often overlaps morphologically and biologically with cribriform carcinoma, is similarly associated with aggressive disease and is now addressed within a more unified diagnostic and grading framework following the recent joint GUPS/ISUP recommendations. Outcome-based morphometric studies further suggest that a diameter threshold of approximately 0.25 mm can identify large cribriform glands with particularly adverse behavior, although standardization remains incomplete. These observations have contributed to the development of a risk-oriented taxonomy in which adverse architectural features may carry greater prognostic weight than numerical grade alone. Finally, we discuss how digital pathology and artificial intelligence are extending this conceptual shift by improving diagnostic reproducibility, enabling quantitative detection of cribriform morphology and supporting outcome-oriented histology-based risk prediction. Together, these developments suggest that prostate cancer grading is moving from a purely descriptive system toward a more integrated and biologically informed model of risk assessment.},
}

@article {pmid42117483,
year = {2026},
author = {Haq, MM and Benson, C and Kunz, M and Cheung, EYL},
title = {Unraveling myoepithelial cell plasticity in breast cancer: a transcriptomic approach.},
journal = {Journal of histotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1080/01478885.2026.2655881},
pmid = {42117483},
issn = {2046-0236},
abstract = {Myoepithelial cells (MECs) are integral to mammary gland physiology, classically serving a structural and tumor-suppressive role. While their function in normal breast tissue and ductal carcinoma in situ is well characterized, their behavior in human invasive breast cancer has not been previously examined. In this study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of MECs isolated from seven archived human breast cancer specimens, directly comparing them with MECs from adjacent normal tissue to define gene expression changes associated with invasive progression. The analysis revealed marked transcriptomic reprogramming across three key domains: extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cellular signaling. Notable findings include stromal remodeling characterized by overexpression of 17 distinct collagen genes; compromise of the basement membrane through upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs 2, 9, 11, and 14); and dysregulation of epithelial markers (KRT5, KRT7, KRT14), consistent with a phenotypic shift toward a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-like state. In addition, increased expression of pro-tumorigenic mediators such as SPARC, POSTN, and integrin subunits was observed. Despite the limited sample size, these results indicate substantial molecular plasticity in MECs, suggesting a transition from a tumor-suppressive to a tumor-promoting phenotype during invasive disease. Overall, this study identifies a fundamental shift in myoepithelial identity and provides a critical framework for future investigations into the role of MEC plasticity in driving breast cancer progression.},
}

@article {pmid42107952,
year = {2026},
author = {Hassan, M and Al-Askeri, M},
title = {INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF ERΑ, TP53, AND PGR PROTEINS WITH MIR-372, MIR-373, AND MIR-519D DYSREGULATION IN FEMALE BREAST CANCER.},
journal = {Georgian medical news},
volume = {},
number = {372},
pages = {171-179},
pmid = {42107952},
issn = {1512-0112},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *MicroRNAs/genetics/blood ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/blood/pathology/diagnosis ; *Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics/blood ; *Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/blood ; Middle Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Receptors, Progesterone/genetics/blood ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood ; Adult ; ROC Curve ; Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women in the world and is one of the causes of mortality due to cancer. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PGR), as well as tumor suppressor protein TP53, are the hormone receptors that are of critical importance in tumor progression and response to treatment. There is emerging evidence that miRNAs (miR-372, miR-373 and miR-519d) have a role to play in breast cancer pathogenesis by post-transcriptionally regulating genes. Nevertheless, the joint analysis of these protein markers and miRNAs is not studied thoroughly.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate serum levels of ERα, TP53, and PGR proteins and assess the expression of miR-372, miR-373, and miR-519d in breast cancer patients compared with healthy controls, and to determine their diagnostic and clinicopathological significance.

METHODS: This case-control study included 53 female breast cancer patients and 25 healthy controls. Serum protein concentrations of ERα, TP53, and PGR were measured using sandwich ELISA. Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, and miRNA expression was quantified using RT-qPCR with the 2^-ΔΔCT method. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, including independent t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and ROC curve analysis. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.

RESULTS: ERα and TP53 levels in serum were extremely high in patients with breast cancer as compared to controls (p<0.001). There was a significant difference in PGR levels between the stage III and IV disease (p=0.01). Invasion ductal carcinoma (IDC) had significantly higher ERα levels than lobular carcinoma (p=0.03), whereas lobular carcinoma had significantly higher TP53 levels (p=0.05). The miR-372, miR-373 and miR-519d levels of expression were found significantly lower in the patients than in the controls (p<0.001). ROC curve analysis indicated that ERα (AUC=0.99), TP53 (AUC=1.0) and PGR (AUC=0.98) had excellent diagnostic results, whereas miRNAs under study had inverse discriminatory performance. There was strong positive association between ERα, TP53 and PGR (p=0.001) as well as there was strong positive association between the miRNAs being studied (p=0.001). Interestingly, there were significant negative relationships between the level of proteins and the level of miRNA (p=0.001).

CONCLUSION: High levels of serum ERα, TP53 and PGR have a close correlation with the presence of breast cancer and its subtype variation and have high diagnostic specificity. The down regulation of miR-372, miR-373 and miR-519d may indicate a possible tumor-suppressive effect and regulatory interplay with hormone and tumor suppressor pathways. These results show that protein and miRNA biomarkers are both useful in relation to breast cancer diagnosis, and possibly in determining individual therapeutic approaches.},
}

Humans
Female
*MicroRNAs/genetics/blood
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/blood/pathology/diagnosis
*Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics/blood
*Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/blood
Middle Aged
Case-Control Studies
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Receptors, Progesterone/genetics/blood
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood
Adult
ROC Curve
Aged

@article {pmid42108880,
year = {2026},
author = {Okonogi, N and Karasawa, K and Murata, K and Omatsu, T and Murata, H and Wakatsuki, M and Ishikawa, H},
title = {Carbon-Ion Radiation Therapy as Nonsurgical Treatment for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: 5-Year Results From the Phase 2 Part of the First Prospective Clinical Trial.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {124},
number = {4},
pages = {971-976},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2025.10.020},
pmid = {42108880},
issn = {1879-355X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy/mortality/drug therapy/chemistry ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/radiotherapy/mortality/drug therapy/chemistry ; *Heavy Ion Radiotherapy/adverse effects/methods ; Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Disease-Free Survival ; Neoplasm Staging ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy, safety, and cosmetic outcomes of carbon-ion radiation therapy (C-ion RT) as a nonsurgical treatment option for patients with early-stage breast cancer.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: This single-center, prospective phase 1/2 trial enrolled women aged ≥60 years with stage I (cT1N0M0), estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2-negative invasive ductal carcinoma, ≤2 cm in diameter. Patients received C-ion RT at a total dose of 60 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 4 fractions, followed by adjuvant aromatase inhibitors. The primary endpoint was 5-year local control. Secondary endpoints included complete response (CR) rate, adverse events (AEs), cosmetic outcomes, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Imaging was used for evaluating tumor response, and follow-up was conducted for a median of 73 months.

RESULTS: Twelve patients were treated in the phase 2 component of the trial. The CR rate was 100%, with a median time to CR of 12 months (range, 4-36 months). The 5-year local control and disease-free survival rates were both 92%, and the overall survival rate was 100%. One case of in-field recurrence occurred in a patient with a high Ki-67 index. Acute grade 1 dermatitis was observed in 6 patients. No grade ≥2 acute AEs were reported. Regarding late AEs, grade 1 rib fractures (n = 2) and grade 1 mastitis-related pain (n = 3) were managed conservatively. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed subclinical pectoral muscle inflammation in 7 cases. All patients except one (who underwent mastectomy due to recurrence) maintained excellent cosmetic outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: C-ion RT demonstrated excellent long-term tumor control with minimal toxicity and favorable cosmetic outcomes in selected patients with early-stage breast cancer. These findings support its potential as a nonsurgical alternative for patients who are medically inoperable or decline surgery, warranting further investigation in larger, controlled trials.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/radiotherapy/mortality/drug therapy/chemistry
Middle Aged
Aged
Prospective Studies
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/radiotherapy/mortality/drug therapy/chemistry
*Heavy Ion Radiotherapy/adverse effects/methods
Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Disease-Free Survival
Neoplasm Staging
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid42110080,
year = {2026},
author = {Gumbs, S and Kwentoh, I and Atiku, ES and Donaldson, B},
title = {A Race Against Time: Endovascular Removal of an Intracardiac Foreign Body.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {e106718},
pmid = {42110080},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Endovascular foreign body fragmentation, migration, and embolization to the right heart is a rare and late complication of the central venous port systems. The MediPort (Bard Medsystems, Reading, Massachusetts, USA) device consists of a port chamber attached to a central catheter implanted into the central venous system and used in patients with cancer for the administration of chemotherapy, parenteral nutrition, or blood transfusions. Interval radiologic survey, both intraoperatively and post-procedure, is crucial for investigating the possibility of both early and late complications, such as fracture and migration of the catheter, and for planning intervention. We detail a case of a 51-year-old woman with a background of estrogen receptor-positive invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast, status post lumpectomy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy via right subclavian vein MediPort, and beam radiation. She presented for the removal of the MediPort device following completion of chemotherapy. However, intraoperatively, the catheter was noted to be 9 cm shorter in length, with an irregular tip, appearing incomplete from the original length, indicating fragmentation. Chest X-ray demonstrated a fractured catheter approximately 9 cm in length coursing from the right atrium to the right ventricle from its original tip at the distal superior vena cava. Vascular surgery emergently completed intracardiac foreign body retrieval from the right heart using the Bard 30 mm loop snare catheter system successfully.},
}

@article {pmid42111276,
year = {2026},
author = {Jadhav, AR and Fong, BL and Schwartz, MR and Deavers, MT and Pandya, D and Kamat, AA},
title = {Rare extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the vulva: a case report.},
journal = {Gynecologic oncology reports},
volume = {65},
number = {},
pages = {102096},
pmid = {42111276},
issn = {2352-5789},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms that originate outside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and share histologic and immunohistochemical features with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Occurrence in the vulva is exceptionally uncommon, with limited reports describing their clinical course and management. Recognition is critical due to potential for local recurrence and malignant behavior.

METHODS: We present the case of a 53-year-old woman with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who developed a recurrent vulvar mass. Clinical evaluation, imaging, surgical excision, and pathologic evaluation with immunohistochemistry were performed. Molecular testing guided clinical management.

RESULTS: Initial excision of a 4 cm left labial mass demonstrated a spindle cell neoplasm with strong immunoreactivity for c-KIT, DOG-1, and CD34; and negative immunostaining for other markers. Next-generation sequencing showed a KIT exon 11 mutation. Surgical margins were positive, and MRI revealed a recurrent perineal lesion without metastasis. GI workup including endoscopy and colonoscopy was negative. The patient subsequently underwent radical vulvar excision with partial anal sphincter excision, followed by sphincter repair with colorectal surgery and labial flap reconstruction with plastic surgery. Pathology confirmed vulvar EGIST with spindle cell morphology and diffuse c-KIT/DOG-1 positivity. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well and was treated with adjuvant imatinib.

CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS: This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of vulvar EGISTs, an exceedingly rare entity that can mimic more common vulvar lesions. Comprehensive workup, wide excision with negative margins, and targeted therapy are essential. Increased awareness and reporting are needed to guide management.},
}

@article {pmid42100430,
year = {2026},
author = {Slocum, AK and Tastekin, D and Duraj, T and Seyfried, TN},
title = {Management of advanced HR-positive breast cancer using metabolically supported chemotherapy and repurposed drugs: a case report.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1795402},
pmid = {42100430},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer is largely incurable once resistance to conventional treatments occurs. Emerging evidence suggests that progression free and overall survival can improve by targeting the distinct metabolic phenotype of cancer cells (Warburg effect). We report a durable response in a patient with advanced metastatic breast cancer treated with a multimodal "press-pulse" metabolic strategy.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old female from Torino, Italy presented with Stage IV (cT4N1M1) invasive ductal carcinoma (HR+/HER2-, grade 3) with extensive osseous and lymph node metastases, poor performance status (ECOG 3) and severe, debilitating pain. She underwent a combinatorial protocol at ChemoThermia Oncology Center (Istanbul, Turkey) comprising of Metabolically Supported Chemotherapy (MSCT) consisting of docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide administered following a 14-hour fast and low dose insulin-induced mild hypoglycemia, alongside a strict ketogenic diet (GKI < 2.0). Adjunctive therapies included local and whole-body hyperthermia, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), and a combination of repurposed drugs (metformin, aspirin, doxycycline, mebendazole, ivermectin, and famotidine) designed to target metabolic, inflammatory, and survival pathways.

RESULTS: This multimodal treatment protocol was well tolerated, and grade 3/4 adverse events were not observed. The patient noticed symptomatic improvement and functional recovery shortly following the onset of therapy. Follow-up PET-CT scan conducted at 3 months revealed reduced tumor burden. At 6 months, the patient was reported to have a near complete response with the resolution of active bone metastases. On a maintenance schedule, the patient remains in sustained remission as of January 2026, over three years following diagnosis, with a full return to normal daily activities (ECOG 0).

CONCLUSION: This case highlights the potential of a comprehensive metabolic approach to cancer treatment that combines therapeutic ketosis, metabolically supported chemotherapy, physical modalities (hyperthermia/HBOT), and repurposed drugs. A durable response in a patient with otherwise poor prognosis was achieved after systematically targeting cancer cell bioenergetics and the tumor microenvironment. These findings support further clinical investigation into multimodal metabolic therapies for advanced HR+ breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid42107075,
year = {2026},
author = {Das, J and Bhui, U and Chakraborty, GS and Mazumder, D and Shil, S and Sah, AK and Akter, B and Hossain, J and Nayak, S and Basak, S and Debnath, B and Nath, R and Belagodu Sridhar, S and Panigrahy, UP},
title = {Comparative oncology of male and female breast cancer: diagnostic paradigms and machine learning approaches in treatment.},
journal = {Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42107075},
issn = {2191-0286},
abstract = {Breast cancer is associated mostly with women; however, breast cancer also appears in men, which dictates the need to know about gender-specific differences in the pathology and treatment. Male breast cancer constitutes less than 1 % of all cases and is usually diagnosed when the patient is older, with bigger tumors and at later stages than breast cancer in women. The most widespread subtype in both genders is invasive ductal carcinoma. The effect of hormone receptor positivity is very prominent in the treatment of men, and the risk factors include the BRCA2 mutations and the hormonal imbalance. The management approach, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy, is like that of women, and it may vary in treatment effectiveness because of hormonal and biological differences. The prognostic data in males are scarce, with generally worse outcomes, most likely because of delayed diagnosis and low rates of clinical trial representation. Men with breast cancer also face special psychosocial obstacles with regard to stigma and support. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are emerging options that have the potential to improve detectability and personalized treatment in both genders. The current review draws similarities between breast cancer in males and females to promote gender-specific interventions and better outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42096037,
year = {2026},
author = {Okawa, S and Ogiyama, H and Amano, T and Saiki, H and Yamaguchi, Y and Fukutake, N and Furuta, K and Ishida, H and Azama, T and Oshita, M},
title = {Simultaneous gastric and colonic metastasis of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Clinical journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42096037},
issn = {1865-7265},
abstract = {Breast cancer commonly metastasizes to the lungs, bones, liver, and brain; however, gastrointestinal involvement is uncommon. Simultaneous metastases to both the stomach and colon are extremely rare. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with bilateral breast cancer (right invasive ductal carcinoma and left invasive lobular carcinoma [ILC]) who developed gastric and colonic metastases, presenting with rare endoscopic findings characterized by multiple polypoid lesions, along with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow. Biopsies from the stomach and colon revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas that were estrogen receptor-positive and negative for E-cadherin in the colon, consistent with ILC metastases. Endocrine therapy with letrozole led to systemic improvement. However, diarrhea and abdominal pain persisted until palbociclib was initiated, after which both symptoms markedly improved. Follow-up endoscopy demonstrated regression of the gastric and colonic lesions. This case is of educational value because it demonstrates, with high-quality images, subtle mucosal changes with a polypoid appearance that are not widely recognized as typical findings of colonic metastasis from ILC, and includes a review of previously reported cases. In patients with breast cancer, particularly ILC, persistent gastrointestinal symptoms may suggest metastasis. Careful endoscopic evaluation with biopsy is essential for diagnosis and monitoring the treatment response.},
}

@article {pmid42090880,
year = {2026},
author = {Sharma, S and Tamang, J and Nepal, B and Gupta, S},
title = {Diagnostic accuracy of sonomammography in the evaluation of palpable breast masses: Correlation with histopathology.},
journal = {Radiography (London, England : 1995)},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {103426},
doi = {10.1016/j.radi.2026.103426},
pmid = {42090880},
issn = {1532-2831},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Ultrasonography plays an important role in evaluating palpable breast masses, particularly in women with dense breast tissue. Although the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System has standardized ultrasound reporting. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sonomammography in differentiating benign and malignant breast masses and to correlate specific ultrasound features with histopathological findings, including differentiation between invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

METHODS: This prospective observational study included patients presenting with palpable breast masses who underwent sonomammographic evaluation between January 2019 and December 2022. A total of 98 patients with lesions categorized as BI-RADS 4 or 5 on ultrasonography were included. High-resolution ultrasound examinations were performed using a 3-12 MHz linear transducer, and lesions were characterized according to the BI-RADS lexicon. Histopathological examination served as the reference standard. Statistical analysis included the Chi-square test, univariate, and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS: A total of 98 lesions, including 57 malignant and 41 benign lesions. Sonomammography demonstrated a diagnostic accuracy of 84.69%, with a sensitivity of 92.98% and a specificity of 73.17%. Significant sonographic predictors of malignancy (p<0.05) included irregular shape, non-circumscribed margins, non-parallel orientation, and hypoechoic or complex echotexture. Irregular lesion shape and non-circumscribed margins showed a significant association with invasive ductal carcinoma compared with DCIS (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: BI-RADS-based sonomammographic evaluation provides valuable diagnostic information in the assessment of palpable breast masses. Specific ultrasound features demonstrate significant correlation with histopathological outcomes and may assist in differentiating benign from malignant lesions.

IMPLICATION OF PRACTICE: The findings highlight the clinical value of BI-RADS-guided breast ultrasound in improving lesion characterization and supporting appropriate biopsy decisions in patients presenting with palpable breast masses.},
}

@article {pmid42095654,
year = {2026},
author = {Birnbaum, GE and Zholtack, K},
title = {They Are Just Not That Into You: Does Sexual Arousal Impair Perception of Rejection Cues?.},
journal = {Personality & social psychology bulletin},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1461672261439417},
doi = {10.1177/01461672261439417},
pmid = {42095654},
issn = {1552-7433},
abstract = {Sexual arousal elicits approach-oriented motivation. In early romantic encounters, however, this desire to pursue a connection must be balanced against the risk of rejection. Across four studies, we investigated whether sexual priming affects risk regulation, causing people to perceive potential partners as romantically interested despite ambiguous cues. Unpartnered participants watched either sexual or nonsexual videos before engaging in an online chat with a confederate who conveyed mixed signals across different interaction phases. Participants rated the confederate's desirability as a partner and perceived interest. Independent raters also coded participants' written impressions for perceived romantic interest. Results showed that sexual priming increased participants' perceptions of the confederate's desirability, which, in turn, predicted both self-reported and coded perceptions of the confederate's interest. These findings suggest that sexual arousal creates "tunnel vision," leading people to interpret ambiguity in ways that prioritize approach goals over self-protective concerns, with implications for misunderstandings in early romantic encounters.},
}

@article {pmid42086345,
year = {2026},
author = {Tammaro, S and Di Fiore, F and Crocetto, F and Manfredi, C and Ruvolo, CC and Califano, G and Barone, B and Arcaniolo, D and Spirito, L and Calace, FP and Reccia, P and Fusco, F and De Sio, M and Balsamo, R},
title = {Urodynamic de-obstruction and symptom improvement after thulium laser vaporization (ThuVAP): evidence from a prospective paired study.},
journal = {The Canadian journal of urology},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
pages = {249-259},
pmid = {42086345},
issn = {1488-5581},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; *Urodynamics ; Aged ; *Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/surgery/etiology/physiopathology ; *Thulium/therapeutic use ; *Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery/complications ; Middle Aged ; *Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use ; *Laser Therapy/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Thulium laser vaporization of the prostate (ThuVAP) is an established treatment for benign prostatic obstruction, but its impact on urodynamic parameters remains poorly defined. This study aimed to quantify the de-obstructive efficacy of ThuVAP through pre- and postoperative urodynamic comparisons and to assess the relationship between urodynamic improvement and symptom relief.

METHODS: In a prospective single-center cohort (June 2022-June 2024), men with urodynamically confirmed obstruction underwent standardized ThuVAP with a 200-W thulium:YAG system. Baseline and 6-month invasive urodynamics and 12-month clinical follow-up were performed. The primary endpoint was the change in the bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI); secondary endpoints included Qmax, postvoid residual volume (PVR), bladder voiding efficiency (BVE), detrusor pressures, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS).

RESULTS: Sixty-four patients (mean age 67 years; prostate volume 52 mL) were analyzed. BOOI decreased from 55.9 ± 17.2 to 21.3 ± 11.2 (p < 0.001), with obstructed cases dropping from 79.7% to 7.8%. Schäfer grade fell from 3.6 to 0.3 (p < 0.001). Detrusor pressure halved, Qmax rose from 7.9 to 20.8 mL/s, PVR declined from 121 to 22 mL, and BVE improved from 64% to 94% (all p < 0.001). Low compliance and involuntary detrusor contractions (IDC) decreased notably. IPSS improved from 26.2 to 3.4 (p < 0.001) and correlated with the magnitude of urodynamic de-obstruction.

CONCLUSIONS: ThuVAP provides substantial, objectively verified relief of bladder outlet obstruction with consistent improvements in voiding efficiency and symptoms. The correlation between urodynamic and clinical outcomes underscores the procedure's efficacy and the utility of urodynamics in documenting therapeutic benefit.},
}

Humans
Male
Prospective Studies
*Urodynamics
Aged
*Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction/surgery/etiology/physiopathology
*Thulium/therapeutic use
*Prostatic Hyperplasia/surgery/complications
Middle Aged
*Lasers, Solid-State/therapeutic use
*Laser Therapy/methods
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid42089011,
year = {2026},
author = {Ojo, T and Cablay, K and Emara, N and Meyer, A},
title = {Pulmonary Hypertension Following the Use of Trastuzumab Biosimilars.},
journal = {Case reports in pulmonology},
volume = {2026},
number = {},
pages = {1076907},
pmid = {42089011},
issn = {2090-6846},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: HER2-positive breast cancer comprises 14%-20% of breast cancer cases and was previously linked with aggressive progression. Trastuzumab and its biosimilars have improved survival significantly, but their pulmonary toxicities remain underrecognized. While left ventricular dysfunction is a well-documented adverse effect, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and right heart failure are rarely reported.

CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with Stage IV HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma and well-controlled HIV who presented with shortness of breath, edema, and weakness. She previously completed five cycles of trastuzumab biosimilars (trastuzumab-anns or trastuzumab-dttb), Perjeta (pertuzumab), and Taxotere (docetaxel) and then transitioned to maintenance therapy with just trastuzumab-anns and pertuzumab for one cycle due to neuropathy. Pretreatment and interim echocardiograms showed preserved left ventricular and right ventricular function. Shortly after her last trastuzumab dose, she was hospitalized with severe anasarca, bilateral pleural effusions, and respiratory failure. Right heart catheterization revealed severe precapillary pulmonary hypertension (mPAP 40 mmHg [normal < 20 mmHg], PAWP 8 mmHg [normal ≤ 15 mmHg]), consistent with WHO Group I PAH. Despite aggressive diuresis and respiratory support, her condition deteriorated, and she elected for comfort-focused care.

DISCUSSION: Although rare, pulmonary vascular complications such as PAH have been linked to HER2-targeted therapies. Reports from clinical trials, FAERS data, and national registries have documented cases of trastuzumab-associated PAH, suggesting a possible vascular mechanism, potentially through ACVRL1 pathway involvement. This case highlights the importance of considering pulmonary hypertension as a potential adverse event in patients on trastuzumab, particularly those with pulmonary metastases.

CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of pulmonary complications in patients receiving HER2-targeted therapies, even when left ventricular function is preserved. Early recognition and monitoring of right-sided pressures in high-risk patients may improve outcomes. This case adds to emerging evidence on trastuzumab's pulmonary risks.},
}

@article {pmid42090312,
year = {2026},
author = {Lippy, RD and Bayer, MJ},
title = {Mental health support for Naval Surface Forces in LSCO.},
journal = {Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1080/08995605.2026.2664981},
pmid = {42090312},
issn = {1532-7876},
abstract = {U.S. Navy ships have not engaged in heavy combat operations since World War II. Although naval warfare and navy ships have advanced technologically since that time, the fundamental violence of combat and resultant human factors of war have not. This article discusses how the Navy is not fully prepared for the expected large number of combat stress casualties likely to occur in any maritime large-scale combat operations (LSCO) such as the threat by China to invade Taiwan by 2027. U.S. Naval Surface Forces began assigning mental health providers to support Navy surface combatant ships in 2019. These mental health professionals provide psychological support to shipboard Sailors but do not deploy with these ships. Rather, Navy surface combatant ships are supported by a single Independent Duty Corpsman (IDC) paraprofessional with limited training in mental health. Therefore, in any LSCO scenario, the acute psychological needs of these shipboard Sailors will be provided by these medical assets. The article discusses how U.S. Naval Surface Forces is preparing shipboard Sailors for combat stress reactions as well as training organic shipboard resources (i.e. IDCs, chaplains) in applying psychological first aid and legacy combat psychiatry principles (i.e. PIES - Proximity to the frontline, Immediacy of treatment, Expectancy of recovery, Simple interventions). The article concludes with a discussion of future directions for closing the current gaps in training needed to enhance psychological support to Naval Surface Forces ships/Sailors in preparation for future LSCO scenarios.},
}

@article {pmid42082151,
year = {2026},
author = {Sachdev, V and van Loon, NM and Kingma, J and Ottenhoff, R and Tan, JME and van den Berg, M and Duijst, S and Jongejan, A and Levels, JHM and Rensen, PCN and Kooijman, S and de Boer, JF and Kuipers, F and Kuentzel, KB and Kratky, D and Kwon, Y and Zeigerer, A and Hendrix, S and Zelcer, N},
title = {Loss of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCHF6 alters hepatic lipid metabolism and drives spontaneous hepatosteatosis.},
journal = {Molecular metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102379},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102379},
pmid = {42082151},
issn = {2212-8778},
abstract = {Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its progressive form, steatohepatitis (MASH), feature excessive hepatic fat accumulation, yet the relative contributions of dietary vs. endogenous fats and their interactions has remained enigmatic. Here, we identify the endoplasmic reticulum-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCHF6 as a pivotal regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism. Global or hepatocyte-specific deletion of Marchf6 induced spontaneous accumulation of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters under chow-fed conditions, revealing a cell-autonomous hepatic defect independent of caloric excess. Loss of MARCHF6 stabilized its substrate squalene epoxidase (SQLE), enhancing sterol pathway flux while concomitantly activating the SREBP1-associated lipogenic transcriptional program and increasing lipoprotein clearance. Accordingly, lipidomic analyses demonstrated remodeling of the hepatic lipidome towards polyunsaturated, long-chain neutral lipids, consistent with increased lipogenesis-driven NADPH consumption. In line with this, pharmacological inhibition of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway reduced lipid accumulation in MARCHF6-deficient human hepatocytes. Congruently, transcriptomic data from human MASLD/MASH patients revealed reduced hepatic MARCHF6 expression alongside an increase in that of the lipogenic genes SREBF1, FASN, and SCD1. Overall, these data establish MARCHF6 as a multifaceted gatekeeper that integrates sterol turnover, NADPH usage, and lipogenesis to maintain hepatic lipid homeostasis.},
}

@article {pmid42069142,
year = {2026},
author = {Hladik, C and Sekhri, M and Cen, HH and Elayapillai, SP and Lee, S and Gao, B and Dooley, W and Milligan, T and Hill, H and Filatenkov, A and Wellberg, EA and Hannafon, BN},
title = {Spatially Resolved Obesity-Driven Molecular Changes in Early Breast Cancer.},
journal = {The American journal of pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajpath.2026.03.016},
pmid = {42069142},
issn = {1525-2191},
abstract = {Obesity is an established risk factor for invasive breast cancer; however, the specific molecular heterogeneity distinguishing invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) within the obese tumor microenvironment is not well defined. In the current study, spatially resolved transcriptomics was utilized to profile the epithelial, stromal, and immune compartments of DCIS and IDC lesions stratified by host body mass index, categorized as non-obese (≤29.9 kg/m[2]) or obese (≥30 kg/m[2]). These analyses reveal that the transcriptional signatures defining the invasive state differ significantly across BMI categories. In non-obese patients, IDC lesions exhibited canonical profiles driven by proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, compared with DCIS. Conversely, the obese setting was characterized by a distinct "stress-adaptive" phenotype, enriched for metabolic adjustment, oxidative stress response, and inflammatory signaling. The epithelial component was accompanied by a fibro-inflammatory stromal signature and an immunosuppressive niche characterized by B cell depletion and M2 macrophage enrichment. Furthermore, SULF2, an extracellular endosulfatase involved in extracellular matrix organization and signaling, was consistently upregulated within the obese epithelium, providing a plausible link between metabolic stress and structural remodeling. Collectively, these data indicate obesity-associated differences consistent with an alternative invasive transcriptional program that is less dominated by classical proliferative drivers in this cohort. Consequently, standard prognostic markers may be context-dependent, highlighting the need to integrate metabolic health into precision risk stratification.},
}

@article {pmid42072229,
year = {2026},
author = {Neri, I and Gallivanone, F and Venturini, E and Canevari, C and Caleri, C and Rotmensz, N and Ghezzo, S and Bezzi, C and Mapelli, P and Panizza, P and Picchio, M and Di Micco, R and Chiti, A and Gentilini, OD and Scifo, P},
title = {Hybrid [[18]F]FDG PET/MR Imaging Parameters for the Prediction of Tissue Biomarkers in Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bioengineering13040435},
pmid = {42072229},
issn = {2306-5354},
support = {RF-2018-12368096//Ministero della Salute/ ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer (BC) requires the evaluation of tumor aggressiveness features to guide treatment decisions. Biopsy-derived prognostic information may differ from surgical histopathology due to tumor heterogeneity. Hybrid PET/MRI can provide additional information for tumor characterization, supporting initial therapy planning and prognosis. In this work, we acquired 157 BC patients using a hybrid PET/MRI scanner. The PET data were combined with ADC and semi-quantitative DCE-MRI metrics to derive "hybrid PET/MRI parameters." Pathological data such as tumor grade, hormone receptors, proliferation index (Ki67), and surrogate molecular subtype were collected, and we evaluated their associations with hybrid imaging, also comparing with the PET and MRI data analyzed separately. Ki67 showed moderate correlations with PET, ADCmin, and most hybrid parameters. The PET and hybrid data differentiate histopathological factors, while ADCmin differentiates G1 vs. G2 and luminal A vs. luminal B. In the ROC analysis, hybrid SUVmax/ADCmin shows better performance to predict luminal B from luminal A (AUC 0.720, sensitivity 73.1%, specificity 63.2%, PPV 54.3%, NPV 79.7%) than SUVmean alone. Our findings suggest that these novel hybrid PET/MRI parameters may help the characterization of tumor tissue in IDC. However, a multivariate analysis is needed to confirm our preliminary results.},
}

@article {pmid42072243,
year = {2026},
author = {Comert, RG and Yilmaz, R and Cingoz, E and Bayramoglu, Z and Bayram, A and Mollavelioglu, B and Muslumanoglu, M and Bagci, U},
title = {Evaluating the Predictive Value of Post-Treatment Superb Microvascular Imaging for Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Invasive Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bioengineering13040449},
pmid = {42072243},
issn = {2306-5354},
abstract = {Purpose: To compare the efficacy of Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) with grayscale ultrasound (US) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in predicting pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in invasive breast cancer. Methods: A total of 115 patients included in the study were evaluated based on their pre-treatment imaging findings (US, mammography, and MRI). Following completion of NAC, all patients underwent grayscale US and SMI examinations. In patients with available post-NAC MRI, treatment response was additionally assessed by comparing MRI findings. Imaging results were correlated with postoperative pathological outcomes, which served as the reference standard. pCR was defined as the absence of residual invasive carcinoma, regardless of ductal carcinoma in situ. Molecular subtype, Ki-67, and axillary status were recorded. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and stepwise multiple logistic regression. Significance was set at p < 0.05 (95% CI). Results: The median age was 51 years (range: 30-75). Most tumors were high-grade (55%) and invasive ductal carcinoma (95%). Breast-pCR was achieved in 43% of patients. Significant predictors of pCR included hormone receptor negativity, HER-2 positivity, high Ki-67 expression (≥40%), non-luminal subtype, and complete radiologic response on US and MRI (p < 0.05). Lower SMI index values were strongly associated with pCR (p < 0.001), with an optimal cut-off of 1.8 demonstrating good diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.804, 95% CI: 0.721-0.887). In multivariate analysis, the combined model including US, SMI, HER-2 status, and MRI showed the highest predictive performance (AUC = 0.890, 95% CI: 0.829-0.950), explaining 55.1% of the variance in pCR. Conclusions: An SMI index < 1.8, HER-2 positivity, and complete response on US and MRI are independent predictors of pCR after NAC. Combining SMI with multimodal imaging significantly improves predictive accuracy.},
}

@article {pmid42073582,
year = {2026},
author = {Akkoc Mustafayev, FN and Fountzilas, E and Munsell, MF and Layman, RM and Yam, C and Gutierrez, AM and Albarracin, CT and Ahmed, Z and Schlacher, K and Tainer, JA and Arun, BK},
title = {Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of BRCA Germline Mutation Carriers with Advanced Breast Cancer Treated with PARP (Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase) Inhibitors: A Single-Institution Experience.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18081258},
pmid = {42073582},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {RP180813//Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas/ ; NCI Grant P30CA016672//Cancer Center Support Grant/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Several trials have highlighted the importance of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in the treatment of BRCA-associated breast cancers (BC), initiating changes in practice. However, data on the real-life outcomes of PARPi therapy is limited. In this study, we characterized the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with advanced BC and germline BRCA pathogenic variants (PVs) who received PARPi therapy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-institution cohort study of patients with advanced BC and germline BRCA1/2 PVs treated with PARPi. Outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods, and prognostic factors were evaluated using Cox regression analysis. Results: Of the 107 patients treated with PARPi, 48 (44.9%) and 59 (55.1%) had BRCA1 and BRCA2 PVs, respectively. Ninety-seven patients (90.7%) had invasive ductal carcinoma and 42 (39.3%) had triple-negative BC. Nineteen (17.8%) patients had de novo metastatic BC. Sixty-two (57.9%) patients received at least one line of systemic therapy before PARPi; 24 (22.4%) patients received prior platinum. ORR was 62.6%, and the median duration of response (DoR) was 7 months (range, 2.1-96.2). The median PFS was 9 months (95% CI, 6.9-10.5) and median OS was 25.8 months (95% CI, 18.7-31.5). In multivariable models for PFS, bone metastases (HR = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.40-3.61; p = 0.0008) and lung metastases (HR = 2.40; 95% CI, 1.45-3.98; p = 0.0007) were independently associated with increased risk of progression or death. In multivariable models for OS, brain metastases (HR = 3.54; 95% CI, 1.59-7.90; p = 0.0020), bone metastases (HR = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.27-3.88; p = 0.0050), and lung metastases (HR = 2.38; 95% CI, 1.38-4.11; p = 0.0018), were independently associated with increased risk of death. Conclusions: The clinical outcomes of our real-world patients are similar to those reported in previous clinical trials. In addition, metastatic site distribution was independently prognostic for survival outcomes and may support baseline risk stratification at the time of PARPi initiation. Further studies of predictive markers of response and resistance, as well as sequencing with platinums and combinations with other targeted agents, are needed to optimize the benefits of PARPi in this patient population.},
}

@article {pmid42074728,
year = {2026},
author = {Kaviani, A and Bruyninx, G and Patocskai, E},
title = {Posterior Approach Partial Mastectomy (MAPP): Early Clinical Experience with a Novel Oncoplastic Technique.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15082925},
pmid = {42074728},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background: Oncoplastic breast surgery aims to combine oncologic safety with optimal cosmetic outcomes. However, many established techniques require visible anterior breast incisions or substantial tissue rearrangement, which may compromise cosmetic results in selected patients. Posterior access to the breast through the retromammary space may allow tumor excision while preserving the anterior breast envelope. Methods: We report an early clinical experience with Posterior Approach Partial Mastectomy (MAPP), a breast-conserving technique that accesses the lesion through a concealed inframammary or lateral breast crease incision. This single-center retrospective case series included consecutive patients undergoing excision using this approach. Patient selection, surgical technique, and early outcomes-including margin status, complications, and need for re-excision-were evaluated. Results: Eight patients underwent breast-conserving excision using the MAPP technique. Six patients had malignant lesions (invasive ductal carcinoma with or without ductal carcinoma in situ or pure DCIS), while two benign lesions were included for technical completeness. Tumor size ranged from 9 to 78 mm. All malignant cases achieved negative surgical margins (R0), and no patient required re-excision. Posterior access was successfully achieved in all cases using concealed inframammary or lateral crease incisions. One patient experienced minor wound discharge that resolved with conservative management, and no major postoperative complications were observed. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 12 months. Conclusions: Posterior Approach Partial Mastectomy appears to be a feasible oncoplastic approach with encouraging early oncologic outcomes in carefully selected patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery. By preserving the anterior skin envelope and concealing the surgical incision, this technique may offer cosmetic advantages while maintaining oncologic adequacy. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to further define its role in oncoplastic breast surgery.},
}

@article {pmid42076415,
year = {2026},
author = {Hassain, ZAA and Farhan, MJ and Elwi, TA},
title = {Design of an Ultra-Sensitive Multi-Resonant Moore Fractal SRR Microwave Sensor for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {26},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/s26082306},
pmid = {42076415},
issn = {1424-8220},
mesh = {*Microwaves ; *Blood Glucose/analysis ; Humans ; Fractals ; *Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/instrumentation/methods ; *Biosensing Techniques/methods/instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; },
abstract = {This study details the design and development of an ultra-sensitive microwave sensor for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring, achieved by analyzing variations in the response of a split-ring resonator (SRR) through advanced engineering methodologies. There were three design phases in the development process. In the first phase, a standard SRR design was used. It had a resonant frequency of 2.975 GHz in S21 and a sensitivity of only 0.0032 dB/(mg/dL). In the second phase, an interdigital capacitor (IDC) was added to the SRR structure. This made it work better and made it more sensitive, with a sensitivity of 0.015 dB/(mg/dL) at 4.1 GHz. The third phase was to use a fourth-order Moore fractal geometry to improve the resonance properties of the design a lot. From the obtained S11, the maximum sensitivity was 0.042 dB/(mg/dL), which was a huge improvement in sensing efficiency compared to earlier designs. Several resonant frequencies were recorded between 4.84 and 7.56 GHz. The addition of the fractal structure made the electromagnetic field stronger in the resonant space and made the waves interact more with small changes in the biological medium, all without changing the sensor's size (80 mm × 40 mm). These results show that fractal architecture is a promising way to create non-invasive, accurate, and easily integrated sensors in biological systems that can continuously measure blood glucose levels.},
}

*Microwaves
*Blood Glucose/analysis
Humans
Fractals
*Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/instrumentation/methods
*Biosensing Techniques/methods/instrumentation
Equipment Design

@article {pmid42068564,
year = {2026},
author = {Yi, L and Chen, K and Wang, D and Wang, R and Zhu, X and Chai, J and Jia, X and Xu, F and Gu, M and Cui, C and Zhang, W},
title = {Co-Pathogenic Role of BRCA1 and OBSCN Deletions in Chinese Familial Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {e951196},
doi = {10.12659/AJCR.951196},
pmid = {42068564},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Adult ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology ; *BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; Pedigree ; Gene Deletion ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; East Asian People ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND The incidence of breast cancer is high among women, with a significant proportion of cases being familial. However, the driver genes for breast cancer can differ across families. CASE REPORT Our patient was a 37-year-old woman diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by pathology, revealing invasive ductal carcinoma of the outer upper quadrant of the breast, WHO grade 3. The maximum diameter of the microscopic invasive cancer was approximately 0.5 cm. No definite vascular tumor thrombus or nerve invasion was observed. Some (30-90%) of the tumor cells disappeared, and the remaining tumor cells showed degeneration, interstitial sclerosis, scattered lymphocyte infiltration, and hemosiderin deposition. No cancer was found in the nipple and base resection margins, or in the other quadrants. The chemotherapy response was classified as grade III according to the MP (Miller and Payen classification) scoring system. Blood samples were collected from affected family members. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and bioinformatics analyses were used to identify potential driver genes, followed by Sanger sequencing for validation, which ultimately confirmed the pathogenic gene and the underlying mechanism in this family. CONCLUSIONS A series of analyses suggested that the co-occurrence of heterozygous deletions in BRCA1 and OBSCN was the main cause of breast cancer in this family. The simultaneous association of 2 genes with the occurrence of breast cancer was discovered for the first time in this family, which could help guide disease prevention for family.},
}

Humans
Female
Adult
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology
*BRCA1 Protein/genetics
Pedigree
Gene Deletion
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
East Asian People

@article {pmid42068677,
year = {2026},
author = {Kumar, H and Hu, Y and Tahir, M and Tozbikian, G and Parwani, AV and Li, Z},
title = {Incidence, Clinicopathologic Features, and Follow-up Results of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma With Lobular-Like Growth Pattern.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {26},
number = {6},
pages = {25-31},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2026.04.003},
pmid = {42068677},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) are the two most common breast cancers. A subset of tumors with discohesive, lobular-like growth but retained membranous E-cadherin expression-termed invasive ductal carcinoma with lobular-like growth pattern (IDC-LL)-is increasingly recognized, yet its clinicopathologic and prognostic significance remain unclear.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 2,413 invasive breast carcinomas (1,872 IDC, 230 IDC-LL, 311 ILC) diagnosed between 2016 and 2022. Clinicopathologic features, biomarker expression, margin status, nodal involvement, and survival outcomes were compared. A second cohort of 441 ER-positive/HER2-negative early-stage carcinomas with available Oncotype DX results (335 IDC, 38 IDC-LL, 68 ILC) was also analyzed.

RESULTS: IDC-LL accounted for 9.5% of all invasive carcinomas. Patients with IDC-LL (mean age 62) were older than IDC but younger than ILC. Grade 3 tumors were more frequent in IDC-LL than ILC (13.5% vs. 4.8%, p = 0.001) but less than IDC (30.5%, p = 0.0001). Hormone receptor positivity in IDC-LL (ER 89.1%, PR 79.6%) was intermediate between IDC and ILC, while HER2 positivity was lower than IDC and similar to ILC. IDC-LL also showed intermediate Oncotype DX and Magee scores. Overall survival was worse in IDC than in IDC-LL or ILC (p = 0.0006), while disease-free survival did not differ among groups.

CONCLUSION: IDC-LL demonstrates clinicopathologic and molecular features intermediate between IDC and ILC. Recognition of IDC-LL as a distinct morphologic category is warranted to optimize diagnosis and surgical management.},
}

@article {pmid35344029,
year = {2022},
author = {Lassman, AB and Sepúlveda-Sánchez, JM and Cloughesy, TF and Gil-Gil, MJ and Puduvalli, VK and Raizer, JJ and De Vos, FYF and Wen, PY and Butowski, NA and Clement, PMJ and Groves, MD and Belda-Iniesta, C and Giglio, P and Soifer, HS and Rowsey, S and Xu, C and Avogadri, F and Wei, G and Moran, S and Roth, P},
title = {Infigratinib in Patients with Recurrent Gliomas and FGFR Alterations: A Multicenter Phase II Study.},
journal = {Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research},
volume = {28},
number = {11},
pages = {2270-2277},
pmid = {35344029},
issn = {1557-3265},
support = {P30 CA013696/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P50 CA211015/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; UG1 CA189960/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; *Glioma/drug therapy/genetics ; Humans ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy/genetics ; Phenylurea Compounds ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Pyrimidines ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: FGFR genomic alterations (amplification, mutations, and/or fusions) occur in ∼8% of gliomas, particularly FGFR1 and FGFR3. We conducted a multicenter open-label, single-arm, phase II study of a selective FGFR1-3 inhibitor, infigratinib (BGJ398), in patients with FGFR-altered recurrent gliomas.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Adults with recurrent/progressive gliomas harboring FGFR alterations received oral infigratinib 125 mg on days 1 to 21 of 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate by Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology criteria. Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed on available pretreatment archival tissue to explore additional molecular correlations with efficacy.

RESULTS: Among 26 patients, the 6-month PFS rate was 16.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.0-32.5], median PFS was 1.7 months (95% CI, 1.1-2.8), and objective response rate was 3.8%. However, 4 patients had durable disease control lasting longer than 1 year. Among these, 3 had tumors harboring activating point mutations at analogous positions of FGFR1 (K656E; n = 2) or FGFR3 (K650E; n = 1) in pretreatment tissue; an FGFR3-TACC3 fusion was detected in the other. Hyperphosphatemia was the most frequently reported treatment-related adverse event (all-grade, 76.9%; grade 3, 3.8%) and is a known on-target toxicity of FGFR inhibitors.

CONCLUSIONS: FGFR inhibitor monotherapy with infigratinib had limited efficacy in a population of patients with recurrent gliomas and different FGFR genetic alterations, but durable disease control lasting more than 1 year was observed in patients with tumors harboring FGFR1 or FGFR3 point mutations or FGFR3-TACC3 fusions. A follow-up study with refined biomarker inclusion criteria and centralized FGFR testing is warranted.},
}

Adult
Follow-Up Studies
*Glioma/drug therapy/genetics
Humans
Microtubule-Associated Proteins
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy/genetics
Phenylurea Compounds
Protein Kinase Inhibitors/adverse effects
Pyrimidines
Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics

@article {pmid42063482,
year = {2026},
author = {Sacks, S and Mo, B},
title = {Pancreatitis, panniculitis, polyarthritis syndrome as an initial manifestation of metastatic pancreatic cancer in a breast cancer patient: Importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary management: A case report.},
journal = {SAGE open medical case reports},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {2050313X261438390},
pmid = {42063482},
issn = {2050-313X},
abstract = {Pancreatitis, panniculitis, and polyarthritis syndrome is a rare extrapancreatic triad associated with pancreatic disease and occasionally malignancy. We report a 51-year-old woman with prior hormone receptor-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast invasive ductal carcinoma (bilateral mastectomy, adjuvant trastuzumab/pertuzumab, radiation) who developed abrupt painful erythematous nodules of both legs and progressive polyarthralgia of the hands, knees, and ankles. Symptoms were initially treated as inflammatory rheumatic disease with systemic corticosteroids and disease-modifying therapy without benefit, leading to severe functional decline. Imaging later revealed a large hepatic mass; biopsy confirmed metastatic pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, unifying the presentation as pancreatitis, panniculitis, and polyarthritis syndrome. Coordinated multidisciplinary care, oncology-directed chemotherapy, interventional pain management, and psychological support, improved pain control and mobility. This case adds to the limited pancreatitis, panniculitis, and polyarthritis literature and highlights that absent gastrointestinal symptoms can delay diagnosis; early recognition and collaborative management are essential in malignant pancreatitis, panniculitis, and polyarthritis presentations.},
}

@article {pmid41857548,
year = {2026},
author = {Gupta, R and Gopalsamy, IK and Nadukkandy, AS and Singh, A and Tangella, CR and Alexander, LE and Nair, RA and Cordani, M and Kumar, LD},
title = {GCNT3 and ST3GAL1 expression correlates with HER2 status and MUC1/β-catenin/Cyclin D1 axis in breast cancer.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41857548},
issn = {1471-2407},
support = {13(9130)-2020-Pool//CSIR Scientist's Pool Scheme fellowship/ ; RYC2021-031003I//Agencia Estatal de Investigación/ ; MLP 0037//CSIR-CCMB/ ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The status of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a critical determinant of breast cancer progression and outcome, but the role of glycosylation in modulating HER2-related pathways remains poorly understood. Here, we examined the relationship between HER2 and the glycosyltransferases ST3GAL1 and GCNT3, combining data mining with experimental and clinicopathological validation. In silico analyses across public BC cohorts showed that higher expression of ST3GAL1, GCNT3, and HER2 was associated with reduced survival. Immunohistochemistry on invasive ductal carcinoma specimens (n = 25) demonstrated increased ST3GAL1 and GCNT3 in advanced stages/grades. Cross-platform correlation analyses revealed a positive association between ST3GAL1 and HER2, whereas GCNT3 showed an inverse association with HER2. Functional assays in HER2-negative cell lines (MCF7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435) and the HER2-positive line SKBR3 indicated that GCNT3 supports migratory capacity and clonogenicity, consistent with an oncogenic role independent of HER2 status. Gene set enrichment pointed to upregulation of MUC1 and β-catenin; tissue validation of MUC1, β-catenin, and Cyclin D1 confirmed their clinicopathological relevance, with HER2 expression inversely correlated with β-catenin and Cyclin D1. Collectively, these findings suggested a model in which GCNT3-driven O-glycosylation might remodel the MUC1/β-catenin/Cyclin D1 axis in BC, adding a glyco-regulatory layer to HER2-linked pathobiology. From a diagnostic perspective, ST3GAL1 (positive with HER2) and GCNT3 (inverse with HER2) could be considered as candidate biomarkers that might complement HER2 assessment for risk stratification. This work suggests a plausible mechanistic and clinicopathologic foundation for incorporating glycosylation markers into precision pathology workflows in breast cancer.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-026-15821-w.},
}

@article {pmid41851799,
year = {2026},
author = {Guo, Q and Chang, Y and Cai, Y and Yang, S and Liang, J and Zhou, Z},
title = {Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of stromal maturity, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, and systemic environment in breast cancer.},
journal = {Diagnostic pathology},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41851799},
issn = {1746-1596},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The tumour microenvironment and systemic inflammatory environment are related to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various tumours. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of the tumour microenvironment and systemic environment in patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

METHODS: A total of 222 patients with breast IDC who underwent radical mastectomy were included. Stromal maturity and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), along with a series of systemic inflammatory cell indicators from venous blood, were evaluated. Chi-square tests were performed to explore the relationships between the parameters. Kaplan‒Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for survival analysis.

RESULTS: Stromal maturity was significantly correlated with tumour necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, axillary lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage (all P < 0.001). TILs were significantly associated with nuclear grade, histopathological grade, tumour necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and clinical stage (all P < 0.001). High TIL numbers were often accompanied by more mature stroma. No significant correlations were detected between stromal maturity/TILs and systemic inflammatory markers. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis revealed that TILs, pathological grade, clinical stage, and molecular subtype were independent prognostic factors for patients with IDC. ROC curve analysis revealed that the accuracy of stromal maturity detection was greater than that of TILs alone, and the combined assessment of both parameters achieved the best predictive performance.

CONCLUSIONS: Stromal maturity and TILs in patients with breast IDC have important clinicopathological and prognostic significance, providing clinical guidance and a theoretical basis for the precise diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of this disease.},
}

@article {pmid42051841,
year = {2026},
author = {Pereira, W and Krishnappa, R and Deep, S and Puri, A},
title = {Male Breast Carcinoma in an Elderly Patient: A Rare Presentation and the Importance of Individualized Management.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {e106033},
pmid = {42051841},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Male breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare malignancy and often presents at an advanced stage due to low awareness and social stigma. Management is largely extrapolated from female breast cancer and must be individualized, particularly in elderly patients. An 87-year-old male patient presented with a painless left breast lump since three months and an ulcer over the nipple for since one month. Examination revealed a firm retroareolar mass with a healed ulcer over the lower aspect of the nipple and no palpable axillary lymphadenopathy. Imaging suggested a suspicious lesion, and core needle biopsy confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma. Staging workup with fludeoxyglucose-18 (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) showed no distant metastasis. The patient underwent a modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. Histopathology revealed Grade II invasive ductal carcinoma with nodal involvement (pT4bN1a, Stage IIIB). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negativity, and a low proliferative index, consistent with a luminal A subtype. Following multidisciplinary tumour board discussion, adjuvant chemotherapy was omitted, considering advanced age and performance status. The patient was treated with tamoxifen and adjuvant chest wall + axillary radiotherapy. At follow-up, he remains disease-free with a good quality of life. This case highlights the importance of early suspicion in male breast lesions and emphasizes individualized management integrating tumor biology, stage, and patient factors.},
}

@article {pmid42056522,
year = {2026},
author = {Liskiewicz, D and Novikoff, A and Khalil, A and Akindehin, S and Campbell, JE and Candela, P and Castelino, RL and Coupland, C and Culot, M and Dodson, WS and Douros, JD and Embring, H and Feuchtinger, A and Finan, B and Garcia-Caceres, C and Gao, XB and Gosselet, F and Grandl, G and Gutgesell, RM and Haas, DT and Jastroch, M and Karaoglu, E and Kakimoto, P and Kaltenbach, AC and Keuper, M and Kusminski, CM and Leander, DC and Liskiewicz, A and Liu, X and Maity-Kumar, G and Martinez, SM and Mowery, SA and Nogueiras, R and Paisley, M and Perez-Tilve, D and Petersen, PSS and Pfluger, PT and Prakash, S and Steffens, S and Cebrian-Serrano, A and Tost, M and Wean, J and Weber, C and Yoshida, J and Gerhart-Hines, Z and Horvath, TL and Scherer, PE and Seeley, RJ and DiMarchi, RD and Tschöp, MH and Krahmer, N and Knerr, PJ and Müller, TD},
title = {GLP-1R-GIPR-PPARα/γ/δ quintuple agonism corrects obesity and diabetes in mice.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42056522},
issn = {1476-4687},
abstract = {There are increasing numbers of effective drugs to improve obesity-linked metabolic dysfunction; GLP-1R-GIPR co-agonism is effective in the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes[1,2], and lanifibranor-a nuclear-acting small-molecule triple agonist of PPARα, PPARγ and PPARδ-is in clinical phase 3 trials for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis[3]. Here, seeking to further improve the metabolic efficacy of GLP-1R-GIPR co-agonism, we report the development of a unimolecular quintuple agonist that combines the body weight-reducing and blood glucose-lowering effects of GLP-1R-GIPR co-agonism with the insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects of lanifibranor via its targeted delivery into GLP-1R- and GIPR-expressing cells. In vitro, GLP-1-GIP-lanifibranor is indistinguishable from GLP-1-GIP in relation to incretin receptor signalling and shows equal stimulation of insulin secretion in isolated mouse islets. In vivo, however, GLP-1-GIP-lanifibranor outperforms GLP-1R-GIPR co-agonism and semaglutide, further decreasing body weight, food intake and hyperglycaemia in obese and insulin-resistant mice through synergistic incretin and PPAR action. The metabolic action of GLP-1-GIP-lanifibranor is blunted in mice with genetic or pharmacological inhibition of GLP-1R, GIPR or PPARδ and is absent in DIO double incretin receptor-knockout mice, collectively suggesting that GLP-1-GIP-lanifibranor has substantial therapeutic value in the treatment of obesity and diabetes.},
}

@article {pmid42046781,
year = {2026},
author = {Hashemi, H and Olfatbakhsh, A and Moghadam, S and Aghanajafi, A and Heydari, L and Rostami, M and Haghighat, S},
title = {Vacuum-Assisted Excision and Assessing Residual Tumor Burden in Patients With Breast Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (A Pilot Study).},
journal = {International journal of breast cancer},
volume = {2026},
number = {},
pages = {9951029},
pmid = {42046781},
issn = {2090-3170},
abstract = {AIM: The objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of vacuum-assisted excision as a minimally invasive method for assessing residual tumor burden in distinct breast cancer subtypes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this pilot clinical trial, 20 patients with breast cancer scheduled for neoadjuvant chemotherapy were assessed. Upon completion of chemotherapy, patients underwent ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision of the tumor site, performed by a radiologist. Subsequently, surgical excision of the tumor was carried out. The pathology reports from the vacuum excision were compared with the surgical specimens to determine the concordance in detecting residual tumor tissue.

RESULTS: Among the 20 patients who underwent vacuum-assisted excision, 13 patients demonstrated no residual tumor in both vacuum pathology and surgical pathology. However, in four patients, including three cases of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) and one case of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC), a false negative vacuum excision was reported. In three patients, residual tumor was reported both in surgical and vacuum pathology. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of vacuum excision for detecting residual tumor were 100%, 76.5%, and 80%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of vacuum excision were 42.9% and 100%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study and considering the accuracy of vacuum excision in identifying residual tumors (80%), it is evident that vacuum excision cannot currently serve as a substitute modality for surgery in the management of patients with post-neoadjuvant breast cancer. Further research with a larger sample size is warranted to enhance our understanding in this area.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: IRCT20241204063942N1.},
}

@article {pmid42038143,
year = {2024},
author = {Sadeghi Moghimi, E and Ghanbari, Z and Mirmalek, SA and Aeinfar, K and Salimi Tabatabaee, SA and Zaferani Arani, H and Ghasemi, A and Jangholi, E and Abbasy, Z and Rahimi, M and Derayati, F},
title = {Frequency Survey of Brain Metastases and Its Associated Factors Among Iranian Women with Breast Cancer: A Cross-sectional Study in Tehran City.},
journal = {Galen medical journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e3238},
pmid = {42038143},
issn = {2322-2379},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Brain metastases are serious complication of breast cancer (BC) that poses a critical management challenge. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate clinical findings, the status of hormonal receptors, and their correlation with brain metastasis among patients with BC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on women with BC that was newly diagnosed with brain metastasis from 2020 to 2023. Also, hormonal receptor status (such as p53, estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR], human epidermal growth factor2 [HER2]), histopathological type of BC, duration of disease, type of treatment, local cerebral invasions, and initial presentations were recorded. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistical significance.

RESULTS: Of a total of 302 patients, 49 (16.2%) patients had brain metastasis. The mean age of patients was 45.21±8.3 years, which was significantly lower in patients with metastasis (45.96±11.31 vs. 51.13±12.61 years, P=0.008). There was a significant association between the duration of disease in patients with and without brain metastasis (2.76±1.03 vs. 5.55±3.32 years, P=0.002). Also, the most prevalent histopathological type of BC was invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Headache was the most common clinical presentation among patients with brain metastasis. In addition, the most and the least common positive receptors among patients with metastasis were Ki-67 (93.87%) and PR (55.1%), respectively. Compared to patients without metastasis, HER2-positive and P53-positive receptors were markedly associated with brain metastasis (P=0.03 and P=0.021, respectively). However, there was no significant association between treatment methods and metastasis status.

CONCLUSION: Patients with younger age, IDC, and positivity of HER2 and P53 receptors were at an increased risk of developing brain metastases.},
}

@article {pmid42044933,
year = {2026},
author = {Barber, MRW and St Pierre, Y and Peschken, CA and Legge, A and Hanly, JG and Vinet, E and Pineau, CA and Bernatsky, S and Touma, Z and Urowitz, MB and Gladman, DD and Fortin, PR and Clarke, AE},
title = {Forgotten costs of systemic lupus erythematosus: estimating indirect healthcare costs in a national prospective observational Canadian lupus cohort.},
journal = {Lupus science & medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/lupus-2025-001851},
pmid = {42044933},
issn = {2053-8790},
mesh = {Humans ; *Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/economics ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Canada ; Prospective Studies ; Absenteeism ; Middle Aged ; *Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data ; *Cost of Illness ; Presenteeism/economics ; Efficiency ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult ; Sick Leave/economics ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess indirect costs (IDC) due to lost productivity in paid/unpaid labour, stratified by sex, in a national prospective observational multicentre Canadian SLE cohort.

METHODS: Patients from six centres reported on lost productivity in paid/unpaid labour. IDC included: absenteeism (time lost from paid labour because of illness), presenteeism (degree of productivity impairment in paid/unpaid labour) and opportunity costs (additional time patients would be working in paid/unpaid labour if not ill). Opportunity costs were the difference between the time patients reported working and the time worked by an age, sex and geography-matched general population. IDC were valued using Statistics Canada wages (2024 Canadian dollars) with unpaid labour calculated using the opportunity cost method (OCM) and replacement cost method (RCM). The association of sex with IDC components was assessed (adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, disease duration, education and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Damage Index) using regression modelling.

RESULTS: Of the 2180 patients who participated, 90.5% were female and 67.1% were white; the mean age at diagnosis was 33.2 years and mean SLE duration was 14.7 years. Patients completed an average of 3.4 questionnaires with 51.2% of women and 47.1% of men employed at baseline. Total annual IDC were significantly higher among women using the OCM (women $35 330; men $32 016) and did not differ using the RCM (women $26 114; men $26 136). Regressions showed total IDC did not differ using either method. Unpaid labour costs were significantly higher among women (OCM: women $22 680; men $11 591 and RCM: women $13 465; men $5711) and paid labour costs were significantly higher among men (women $12 651; men $20 425). Regressions showed similar results.

CONCLUSION: IDC in SLE, particularly resulting from unpaid labour, are substantial, especially in women, where they represent up to 64.2% of total IDC versus 36.2% in men. Hence, economic analyses of novel/emerging therapies should incorporate lost productivity, including unpaid labour costs, which are of particular importance in diseases disproportionately affecting women.},
}

Humans
*Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/economics
Female
Male
Adult
Canada
Prospective Studies
Absenteeism
Middle Aged
*Health Care Costs/statistics & numerical data
*Cost of Illness
Presenteeism/economics
Efficiency
Sex Factors
Young Adult
Sick Leave/economics

@article {pmid42033778,
year = {2026},
author = {Takahashi, N and Funasaka, C and Shimura, M and Hirota, A and Uematsu, M and Fukuda, M and Baba, K and Mamishin, K and Nakajima, H and Kondoh, C and Harano, K and Matsubara, N and Hosono, A and Kawasaki, T and Onishi, T and Naito, Y and Mukohara, T},
title = {Efficacy of perioperative pembrolizumab for triple-negative breast cancer with apocrine feature or metaplastic carcinoma.},
journal = {The oncologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/oncolo/oyag159},
pmid = {42033778},
issn = {1549-490X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The KEYNOTE-522 (KN522) trial demonstrated significantly improved outcomes with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) combined with pembrolizumab in high-risk triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the efficacy of this chemoimmunotherapy for histologically uncommon TNBC subtypes, such as invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with apocrine feature (IDCapo) or metaplastic carcinoma, remains unclear.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study examined clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of patients with clinical stage II or III TNBC treated with either the KN522 regimen or conventional NAC without immunotherapy at the National Cancer Center Hospital East between August 2014 and December 2024. Patients pathologically diagnosed with IDC, IDCapo, or metaplastic carcinoma were included. We compared outcomes of the KN522 regimen among histologic subtypes and evaluated its efficacy versus conventional NAC in patients with IDCapo or metaplastic carcinoma.

RESULTS: Seventy-two patients with TNBC received the KN522 regimen: 58 IDC, 10 IDCapo, and 4 metaplastic carcinoma. The pathological complete response (pCR) rate was significantly lower in IDCapo than in IDC (3/10 [30.0%] vs. 41/58 [70.7%], P = 0.027), and this difference remained after adjustment for clinical factors. There were no metaplastic carcinoma patients with pCR (0/4, 0%). Compared with conventional NAC, the KN522 regimen yielded a higher pCR rate in IDCapo (3/10 [30.0%] vs. 0/19 [0%], P = 0.033), but not in metaplastic carcinoma (0/4 [0%] vs. 1/10 [10.0%], P = 1.00).

CONCLUSION: The pCR rate of NAC with pembrolizumab was significantly lower in IDCapo than in IDC but was improved compared with conventional NAC. No meaningful benefit was observed in metaplastic carcinoma.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study suggests that neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy can improve pathological complete response rate in invasive ductal carcinoma with apocrine feature, known as therapeutically resistant uncommon histology of the breast cancer. Pathological complete response rates of the neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy is dismal in metaplastic breast carcinoma, which sheds light to highly unmet need of novel therapeutic strategies for such aggressive breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid42027077,
year = {2026},
author = {Blaas, L and Bartelt, A},
title = {Fast & fuelious: the malate-aspartate shuttle in brown adipocyte lipid metabolism.},
journal = {The FEBS journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/febs.70557},
pmid = {42027077},
issn = {1742-4658},
support = {TRR333//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; N/A//Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung/ ; },
abstract = {Brown adipose tissue (BAT) produces heat in response to cold exposure, for which it relies on the coordination of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. However, how reaction intermediates connect these two essential pathways is unclear. In this issue of The FEBS Journal, Veliova et al., report that the malate-aspartate shuttle (MAS) supports norepinephrine-induced lipolysis in brown adipocytes. Disruption of MAS during adrenergic activation impairs lipolysis without reducing respiration. These findings indicate that cytosolic redox balance influences thermogenic metabolism. By linking NAD+ regeneration to lipid metabolism, the study highlights the MAS as an important node coordinating metabolism, redox balance, and thermogenesis.},
}

@article {pmid42028343,
year = {2026},
author = {Haas, L and Gal, J and Gauthier, M and Schiappa, R and Hannoun-Levi, JM},
title = {Single fraction based-partial breast irradiation: 10-year results of the SiFEBI phase 2 prospective trial.},
journal = {Clinical and translational radiation oncology},
volume = {59},
number = {},
pages = {101173},
pmid = {42028343},
issn = {2405-6308},
abstract = {PURPOSE: This analysis updates the SiFEBI phase 2 trial (NCT01727011) evaluating accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) delivered as a single fraction (sfPBI) of postoperative multicatheter interstitial HDR brachytherapy (MIB) in elderly patients with low-risk breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients aged ≥ 70 years (Balducci I-II) with low-risk breast cancer were enrolled. After lumpectomy, intraoperative catheter implantation was performed and postoperative sfPBI (16 Gy) was delivered. The primary endpoint was cumulative incidence of local recurrence (ciLR). Secondary endpoints included cumulative incidence of distant metastasis (ciDM), cancer-specific survival (CSS), overall survival (OS), late toxicity, cosmetic outcome, and endocrine-therapy (ET) adherence.

RESULTS: From 11/12 to 09/14, 26 patients were enrolled. Median age was 76.6 years; median tumour size was 10.4 mm. Most tumours were invasive ductal carcinoma (76.5%), all of luminal subtype. After a median follow-up of 137 months, 10-year ciLR was 5%. Ten-year ciDM, CSS, and OS were 0%, 100%, and 81%, respectively. Late toxicity was observed in 9 patients (34.6%) with a total of 12 events (G1: 83.3%, G2: 16.6%). Reported late effects included breast pain, hypopigmentation, telangiectasia and breast fibrosis. Ten-year cosmetic outcomes were reported in 18 pts as excellent in 14 patients (77.8%) and good in 4 patients (22.2%). Median ET duration was 59 months; 14 pts (53.8%) were non-adherent.

CONCLUSION: In this elderly, low-risk cohort, single fraction postoperative MIB sfPBI provided excellent long-term oncological outcomes with acceptable toxicity and cosmesis. Larger studies with extended follow-up are warranted.},
}

@article {pmid42028513,
year = {2026},
author = {Ahmad, CM and Tadakamalla, R and Kastle, RA and Weitoschova, A and Abboud, A},
title = {Early Nodal Metastasis in an 81-Year-Old Woman With Subcentimeter Retroareolar Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Case That Defies Indolence Expectations.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {e105719},
pmid = {42028513},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Retroareolar invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) represents an anatomically distinct subset of breast cancers that may evade early clinical detection. In elderly patients, small, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors with low proliferative indices are often presumed to follow an indolent course. We report the case of an 81-year-old woman diagnosed with a 0.6-cm Grade II/III retroareolar IDC exhibiting strong ER expression, low Ki-67 (~6%), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negativity, yet with synchronous axillary lymph node metastasis confirmed at initial biopsy. This case underscores the limitations of relying on tumor size, age, and proliferation markers alone to estimate metastatic risk and highlights the importance of comprehensive axillary evaluation, even in clinically and biologically favorable presentations.},
}

@article {pmid42031136,
year = {2026},
author = {Walsh, AR and Dove-Medows, E and Loder, CM and Kalpakjian, C and Moore, C and Ernst, S and Munro-Kramer, ML},
title = {A Cross-Sectional Survey of University Students' Lifetime Experiences of Inappropriate, Disrespectful, and Coercive Behavior During Sensitive Exams.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpag.2026.04.008},
pmid = {42031136},
issn = {1873-4332},
abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe university students' lifetime prevalence of inappropriate, disrespectful, and coercive (IDC) experiences during sensitive physical exams and explore differences across sexual orientation and gender identities (SOGI).

METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed survey data from a representative sample of students at a large public university (US, 2021, N=2779). Lifetime prevalence of 13 IDC experiences (e.g., painful exams, ungloved exams, attempts to sexually arouse patient) and trust in sensitive exam providers was estimated for the sample and within SOGI groups (gender minority (GM), sexual minority (SM) cisgender female/male, heterosexual cisgender female/male). Item prevalence and SOGI associations were assessed with 2-sided t-tests and X[2] tests.

RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of sensitive exam IDC experiences ranged from 0.6% (took pictures of patient's body without permission) and 2.5% (genital, pelvic, or rectal exam without gloves) to 19.9% (excessive wait while undressed). Significant associations (P<0.05) between SOGI and negative experience prevalence estimates were identified; GM students reported the highest prevalence, and cisgender heterosexual male students the lowest, for all but 1 IDC item. 7.9% of students reported not trusting any healthcare providers during sensitive exams with 30.9% of GM students compared to 3.1% of heterosexual cisgender men reporting no trust (P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: GM university students experienced more IDC experiences during sensitive exams and have lower trust in sensitive exam providers than cisgender students, particularly cisgender heterosexual males. Ensuring informed consent, offering chaperones, and clear communication are critical to build trust and ensure continued healthcare engagement and positive long-term health outcomes, particularly for SOGI patients.},
}

@article {pmid42031398,
year = {2026},
author = {Gonzalez, J and Singh, V and Burgers, J},
title = {Diagnostic challenges and management of primary accessory axillary breast cancer.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2025-268191},
pmid = {42031398},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/pathology/diagnosis ; Axilla/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/pathology/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; *Breast ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; },
abstract = {A perimenopausal woman presented with a slowly enlarging right axillary mass initially suspected to be a sebaceous cyst. An incisional biopsy revealed high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma arising from accessory axillary breast tissue. Imaging showed no orthotopic breast lesion and staging was cT1N0M0. She underwent axillary lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy, confirming pT1bN0M0 invasive carcinoma. Adjuvant therapy included whole breast radiation, hormonal therapy with anastrozole and goserelin. At 2 years, she remains disease-free. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of accessory axillary breast cancer (AABC), a rare entity often missed on routine imaging. Early recognition and application of standard breast cancer treatment protocols can result in excellent outcomes. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for AABC in axillary masses, especially in patients with no primary breast findings on imaging to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate management.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/pathology/diagnosis
Axilla/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/pathology/diagnosis
Middle Aged
*Breast
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Mastectomy, Segmental

@article {pmid42017194,
year = {2025},
author = {Haberl, H and Baumgart, A and Zeidler, J and Schug, F and Frantz, D and Palacios-Lopez, D and Fishman, T and Peled, Y and Cai, B and Virág, D and Hostert, P and Wiedenhofer, D and Esch, T},
title = {Weighing the global built environment: High-resolution mapping and quantification of material stocks in buildings.},
journal = {Journal of industrial ecology},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {159-172},
pmid = {42017194},
issn = {1088-1980},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Buildings provide indispensable services for human well-being, but their construction and use are responsible for a substantial fraction of societies' resource requirements and greenhouse gas emissions. Mapping and quantifying the material stocks in buildings is a key research frontier in industrial ecology. Reliable and spatially highly resolved maps of material stocks in buildings worldwide are so far not available. Existing approaches based on nighttime light data allow large-scale coverage, but their spatial resolution is usually ∼0.5-1 km. Other methods using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and cadaster data achieve higher resolution and accuracy, but do not allow wall-to-wall mapping of large regions. Based on high-resolution Earth Observation data combined with material intensity factors (kg per m[3] of building volume), we quantify and map material stocks in buildings at the unprecedented resolution of 90 m globally. We distinguish 18 types of materials in five types of buildings. We find that global material stocks in buildings amount to 547 (391-672) Gt, approximately half of total global societal material stocks. We find highly unequal distributions of material stocks in buildings per capita and per unit area of each country. Our results agree well with previous detailed estimates of material stocks in buildings in dedicated regions or individual cities. Improved and harmonized material intensity factors emerge as a key research area for improving the accuracy of material stock maps. Our results are available as data products with high spatial and thematic resolution to facilitate future studies; for example, of secondary resource potentials. This article met the requirements for a gold-gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges. http://jie.click/badges.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (doi:10.1111/jiec.13585) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.},
}

@article {pmid42018242,
year = {2026},
author = {Schuster, CR and Aslami, ZV and Taccheri, C and Azizi, A and Saab, D and Coon, D and Camp, MS and Liang, F},
title = {Preoperative breast cancer screening before chest masculinization surgery.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {217},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {42018242},
issn = {1573-7217},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/surgery/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; *Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Young Adult ; *Preoperative Care/methods ; Mammography ; Adolescent ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Detecting malignancy before gender-affirming chest masculinization surgery (GACMS) can alter surgical planning and prevent reoperation, yet a lack of standardized preoperative breast imaging guidelines has resulted in inconsistent, surgeon-dependent practices and potential missed diagnoses. Limited data evaluating the efficacy of pre-GACMS imaging further contributes to this gap. This study aimed to characterize patterns, indications, and outcomes of preoperative breast imaging before GACMS, and to assess the impact of preoperative imaging on cancer detection, surgical decision-making, and timing to surgery.

METHODS: A single-institution, retrospective review of adults who underwent GACMS between January 2017-September 2024 was conducted. Descriptive statistics summarize preoperative imaging frequency, indications, modalities, outcomes, and postoperative pathology. Alterations in surgical management based on preoperative versus postoperative cancer detection, as well as an institution-wide screening algorithm, are described.

RESULTS: Of 368 patients, 91.8% (n = 338) were under 40 (mean 27.2, range 18-63). Preoperative breast imaging was recommended in 11.7% (n = 43) and performed in 11.1% (n = 41). Modalities included screening mammography (70.7%, n = 29), diagnostic mammography (29.3%, n = 12), MRI (9.8%, n = 4), and ultrasound (7.3%, n = 3). Indications included age (41.9%, n = 18), family history (30.2%, n = 13), physical exam finding (23.3%, n = 10), and BRCA2 mutation (2.3%, n = 1). Imaging revealed irregular findings in 17.1% (n = 7), with malignancy confirmed in 2 patients (4.9% of imaged; 0.5% overall). One patient who did not receive preoperative imaging was found to have invasive ductal carcinoma on postoperative pathology, resulting in 0.8% (n = 3) overall breast cancer diagnoses perioperatively. Preoperative detection altered surgical planning. Median time to surgery did not significantly differ between imaged and non-imaged patients (3.1 vs. 3.7 months, p = 0.2).

CONCLUSION: Preoperative breast cancer imaging before GACMS identified malignancies that significantly influenced surgical planning, preventing additional procedures postoperatively. Implementing a decision-making algorithm could guide and standardize breast imaging before GACMS.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
Adult
Retrospective Studies
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/surgery/diagnostic imaging
Male
*Early Detection of Cancer/methods
Young Adult
*Preoperative Care/methods
Mammography
Adolescent
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

@article {pmid42020373,
year = {2026},
author = {Walth-Hummel, AA and Jouffe, C and Weber, P and Motzler, K and Geppert, J and Sterr, M and Gan, W and Szczerbinska, I and König, AC and Hauck, SM and Terron-Exposito, R and Hass, D and Wang, C and Dyar, KA and Lyon, JG and Lickert, H and Ämmälä, C and Herzig, S and Ashcroft, FM and Bakhti, M and MacDonald, PE and Rohm, M},
title = {TBL1X/TBL1XR1 govern β-cell identity through a PAX6-containing gene regulatory network.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42020373},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {DFG FOR5795-1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {*Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism ; Animals ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *PAX6 Transcription Factor/metabolism/genetics ; *Gene Regulatory Networks ; Humans ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism/genetics ; Insulin/metabolism/genetics ; *Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism/genetics ; *Repressor Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Male ; *Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Transducin/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {A main mechanism of β-cell dysfunction in diabetes is loss of identity, controlled by transcription factors that induce identity gene expression and disallowed gene repression. How transcription factors facilitate simultaneous expression and repression is not fully understood, representing a knowledge gap in diabetes research. We identify the transcriptional co-factors transducin β-like 1 x-linked (TBL1X) and its homolog TBL1X-related (TBL1XR1, together TBL/R1) as crucial regulators of β-cell identity and determinants of diabetes development and progression. β-cell specific TBL/R1 knockout in mice leads to progressive hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia. scRNA-sequencing reveals loss of β-cells, emergence of polyhormonal cells, and reduced β-cell maturity upon TBL/R1 knockout. Interactome screens and chromatin immunoprecipitation show TBL/R1 directly regulate insulin promoter activity through a PAX6-HDAC3 gene regulatory network, evident also in human models. TBL/R1 associates with diabetes in humans, thus our study uncovers an additional regulatory layer maintaining β-cell identity crucial for diabetes development and progression.},
}

*Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
Animals
Mice
Mice, Knockout
*PAX6 Transcription Factor/metabolism/genetics
*Gene Regulatory Networks
Humans
Histone Deacetylases/metabolism/genetics
Insulin/metabolism/genetics
*Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism/genetics
*Repressor Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Male
*Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Gene Expression Regulation
Transducin/metabolism/genetics

@article {pmid41814374,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, C and Huang, L},
title = {Synchronous breast carcinoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review on diagnostic challenges and management implications.},
journal = {World journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41814374},
issn = {1477-7819},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Synchronous breast carcinoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma occurring as independent primary malignancies is exceptionally rare. Because these tumors differ markedly in histological origin, biological behavior, and treatment strategies, their coexistence can easily lead to diagnostic pitfalls and therapeutic dilemmas. Reporting such a case provides new insights into the clinical recognition and management of rare dual primaries.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old woman presented with a painless left cervical (neck) mass. Imaging revealed a left breast lesion with multi-station lymphadenopathy (including cervical nodes), initially interpreted as metastatic breast carcinoma. Breast core biopsy confirmed HER2-overexpressing invasive ductal carcinoma with strong ER/PR positivity. Cervical (neck) lymph-node biopsy established diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (non-GCB/MCD) with TP53, MYD88, and CD79B mutations. The patient received rituximab-based therapy plus a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor and underwent simple mastectomy. The breast carcinoma has remained controlled without evidence of recurrence, whereas the relapsing lymphoma ultimately determined the disease course.

CONCLUSIONS: This case emphasizes the need for independent biopsies of suspicious lesions to avoid misclassification as metastatic disease. Management should follow a “lymphoma-first” approach with careful sequencing to balance treatments for both malignancies and to minimize overlapping toxicities. Prognosis is largely driven by the biological features of the lymphoma, particularly in high-risk molecular subtypes. A dual-track follow-up strategy, recording outcomes for each tumor separately, may improve clarity in assessing prognosis and guiding individualized care. This report underscores the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and highlights potential directions for future research on the mechanisms and management of synchronous dual primaries.},
}

@article {pmid42009450,
year = {2026},
author = {Fatima, I and Jaffarsadiq, A and Faquih, AE and Hlavacek, C and Sehbai, A},
title = {Triple-negative breast cancer with neurofibromatosis type 1: management challenges.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2025-270134},
pmid = {42009450},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Neurofibromatosis 1/complications ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/complications/surgery/diagnosis ; Adult ; Mastectomy/methods ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/therapy ; },
abstract = {Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant RASopathy associated with increased risk of early-onset breast cancer, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We report a woman in her early 40s with NF1 who presented for elective cosmetic breast surgery and was incidentally found to have a suspicious right breast lesion on screening mammogram. Biopsy confirmed high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) with invasive ductal carcinoma, immunohistochemically triple-negative. Staging investigations revealed no nodal or distant disease. She underwent bilateral mastectomy with right sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), followed by adjuvant docetaxel-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Radiotherapy was avoided given the elevated risk of radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) in NF1. Postoperative reconstruction was staged and ultimately successful. At more than 3 years of follow-up, she remains disease-free with satisfactory cosmetic outcomes. This case highlights the importance of vigilant breast surveillance in NF1, challenges in balancing oncologic control with treatment-related risks, and the need for individualised multidisciplinary care.},
}

Humans
Female
*Neurofibromatosis 1/complications
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy/complications/surgery/diagnosis
Adult
Mastectomy/methods
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/therapy

@article {pmid42011409,
year = {2026},
author = {Ruicci, KM and Helou, J and Barry, A and Ye, XY and Koch, CA and Croke, J and Han, K and Rodin, D and Hahn, E and Kwan, JYY and Yan, M and Liu, FF and Lindsay, P and Javor, J and Bedard, P and Cescon, D and Kumar, V and Amir, E and Nadler, MB and Lee, R and Glicksman, RM},
title = {The role of stereotactic body radiotherapy in oligoprogressive breast cancer: A site-specific analysis of the prospective, phase-II RADIANT trial.},
journal = {Clinical and translational radiation oncology},
volume = {59},
number = {},
pages = {101164},
pmid = {42011409},
issn = {2405-6308},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Standard-of-care management for patients with progressive metastatic breast cancer is changing systemic therapy lines. For patients with limited disease progression ('oligoprogression'), there is interest in treating progressive sites with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) whilst maintaining the current systemic therapy. Here we report on the clinical, quality of life (QOL) and adverse event findings for a cohort of patients with oligoprogressive breast cancer enrolled on the prospective, phase-II RADIANT clinical trial.

METHODS: RADIANT (NCT04122469) was a single-arm, phase-II basket trial which included patients with oligoprogressive metastatic breast cancer. Patients on systemic therapy for ≥ 3 months received SBRT over 1-5 fractions, targeting up to 5 metastases with radiographic progression. The primary endpoint was cumulative incidence of change in systemic therapy. Secondary endpoints included local control, progression-free survival, overall survival, adverse events and health-related (HR) QOL. Analysis by disease histology was planned a priori.

RESULTS: Thirty patients were enrolled and analyzed; the median age was 60.0 years, 80% had invasive ductal carcinoma and 90% were estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive. Most patients had recurrent metastatic disease (63.3%), while 36.7% had de novo metastatic disease. Most patients were on first-line (66.7%) systemic therapy. Median follow-up time was 33.7 months (range 2.5-57.2 months). The cumulative incidence of change in systemic therapy at 1-year was 30.0% (95% CI, 17.2-52.4%) and at 2-years was 50.4% (95% CI, 34.9-72.8%). At 1-year, local control rate was 90.0% and distant control rate was 56.7%. There were no grade ≥ 3 adverse events attributable to SBRT. HRQOL was maintained throughout the follow-up period.

CONCLUSION: Among this cohort of patients with oligoprogressive breast cancer, SBRT is a safe and promising intervention, with potential to delay next-line systemic therapy. However, as a significant cohort of patients do require a change in systemic therapy within 1-2 years of SBRT, biomarkers are needed to best select patients who would benefit clearly from this approach.},
}

@article {pmid42014352,
year = {2026},
author = {Sato, S and Urabe, F and Imai, Y and Iwamoto, Y and Iwatani, K and Tashiro, K and Tsuzuki, S and Umemori, M and Miki, J and Kimura, T and Shimoda, M and Takahashi, H},
title = {Prognostic impact of large cribriform architecture and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate in diagnostic biopsies of mCSPC receiving ARPI-based therapy.},
journal = {Japanese journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jjco/hyag067},
pmid = {42014352},
issn = {1465-3621},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A cribriform architecture and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) are recognized as aggressive histopathological features in prostate cancer. However, their prognostic significance in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), when assessed from diagnostic biopsy specimens, remains uncertain.

METHODS: This retrospective multicenter cohort study included 131 patients with mCSPC who received doublet or triplet therapy incorporating an androgen receptor pathway inhibitor. Diagnostic prostate biopsy specimens were examined for cribriform structures and IDC-P. When the former were present, they were subclassified as small or large types. The primary endpoint was castration-resistant prostate cancer-free survival (CRPC-FS).

RESULTS: Large cribriform structures were identified in 54.2% of patients, while small ones were observed in 19.8%. IDC-P was present in 67.2% of cases and was strongly associated with the large-type cribriform architecture (P < .001). Patients with that pattern experienced significantly shorter CRPC-FS compared to those without cribriform structures (P = .013), whereas the small-type architecture was not associated with disease progression. In multivariable analysis, IDC-P and an extent of disease score ≥ 3 were independently associated with shorter CRPC-FS, whereas large cribriform architecture did not retain independent significance. However, incorporation of large cribriform architecture improved model discrimination for predicting castration-resistant prostate cancer progression.

CONCLUSIONS: In diagnostic biopsy specimens, the large-type cribriform architecture is associated with adverse outcomes in mCSPC patients receiving androgen receptor pathway inhibitor-based therapy. Although its prognostic impact overlaps with that of IDC-P, its identification at diagnosis may provide clinically relevant information for contemporary mCSPC management.},
}

@article {pmid42003471,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, R and Li, Y and Zhang, J and Yang, X and Guo, H and He, Z and Cui, X and Liang, T and Guo, L},
title = {Multi-Machine Learning Elucidates Clinical Potential of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Associated Long Non-Coding RNAs in Breast Cancer Progression.},
journal = {Biotechnology journal},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {e70229},
doi = {10.1002/biot.70229},
pmid = {42003471},
issn = {1860-7314},
support = {62571264//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 62171236//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; BE2022799//the Key Project of Social Development in Jiangsu Province/ ; 22KJA180006//Key Projects of Natural Science Research in Universities of Jiangsu Province/ ; //Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Universities in Jiangsu Province/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/metabolism ; *Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *Machine Learning ; Female ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Disease Progression ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {Breast carcinoma (BRCA) involves multiple molecular markers, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which induce cell migration. However, the specific impact of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) on EMT in BRCA remains uncertain. In this study, a prognostic model was constructed using EMT-associated lncRNAs (EALs), with utilization of integrative machine learning algorithms. The optimal model consisted of 15 EALs, with an AUC of 0.89 at 5 years, showing its potential as a plausible biomarker for BRCA. Among high-risk individuals, a significant increase in pathways linked to the preservation of equilibrium and immune defense was observed. Moreover, it was indicated that immunotherapy elicited negative responses in this group. Somatic mutations displayed higher TP53 rates in high-risk patients and increased CDH1/PIK3CA in low-risk ones. Notably, AC055854.1 and MIR205HG, important EALs in the model, probably regulate BRCA development through the lncRNA-microRNA-mRNA axis. Spatial transcriptome analysis revealed higher expression levels of EALs and high-risk related genes in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive mixed ductal/lobular carcinoma (IDC), and triple-negative BRCA (TNBC) than in breast metastasis (BMS) samples. And neutrophils were exclusively observed within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of BMS. All these findings emphasized EALs' value in revolutionizing clinical decision-making for personalized treatment strategies in BRCA cases.},
}

Humans
*RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/metabolism
*Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
*Machine Learning
Female
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Disease Progression
Prognosis

@article {pmid42003938,
year = {2026},
author = {Kareem, TF and Kamal, AM and Nakash, MA},
title = {Dynamic curve type serves as an effective tool for the diagnosis of benign or malignant non-mass enhancements on breast MRI.},
journal = {Oncology letters},
volume = {31},
number = {6},
pages = {212},
pmid = {42003938},
issn = {1792-1082},
abstract = {Identifying malignant non-mass enhancement (NME) in contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains a notable diagnostic challenge due to overlapping imaging features between benign and malignant lesions. Although the delayed-phase kinetic patterns are well-established, the diagnostic value of the initial-phase kinetics has not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the dynamic and morphological characteristics of NME lesions, to determine whether incorporating initial-phase kinetics with delayed-phase analysis improves the discrimination between benign and malignant cases. A prospective study was conducted at the Oncology Teaching Hospital (Baghdad, Iraq) from April to December 2022, including patients referred for breast MRI. Only cases with pure NME (without associated mass lesions) were included. A core biopsy was performed for all cases, with excisional biopsy when indicated. Data collection followed the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 5th edition criteria. Among 38 enrolled patients (mean age, 45±11.45 years; range, 26-75 years; median, 44 years), 63.2% presented with a breast lump and 26.3% underwent screening. Histopathology confirmed malignancy in 26 cases (68.4%), comprising 12 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ and 14 of invasive ductal carcinoma. Segmental enhancement was the most common malignant pattern [positive predictive value (PPV), 83.3%], followed by regional enhancement (PPV, 64.3%). Benign lesions had slow (58.3%) or medium (41.7%) initial upslopes, whereas 50% of malignant tumors exhibited a rapid initial slope (P=0.001). Persistent delay was observed in 75% of benign cases but in only 26.9% of malignant cases (P=0.005). Integrating the initial upslope with the plateau-phase kinetics increased the PPV for malignancy from 75 to 81.8%. In conclusion, the integration of initial-phase kinetics with traditional delayed-phase and morphological assessment improves the diagnostic accuracy for malignant NME lesions. This multi-parametric approach could potentially serve as a valuable tool to reduce the rate of unnecessary biopsies in the future.},
}

@article {pmid42005625,
year = {2026},
author = {Shamim, AM and Hossan, A and Hossen, MS and Barek, MA and Rashid, MA and Islam, MS},
title = {Linkage Between miR-218-2 (rs11134527) Genetic Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in the Bangladeshi Women.},
journal = {Health science reports},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {e72092},
pmid = {42005625},
issn = {2398-8835},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The growth and spread of breast carcinoma are influenced by genetic factors. Diverse forms of cancer have been reported to display multiple subtypes of the microRNA gene. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the connection between the miR-218-2 (rs11134527) and breast cancer risk.

METHODS: A total of 303 participants (158 breast cancer patients and 145 healthy controls) were enrolled. Clinical and demographic data were collected through structured questionnaires and hospital records. Genotyping of miR-218-2 rs11134527 was performed using the T-ARMS-PCR technique. Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS v25.0 and MedCalc v19.0.7. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) using binary logistic regression that controls for age and BMI was employed to investigate the relationship between the targeted SNPs and the risk of breast cancer.

RESULTS: Among the patients, invasive ductal carcinoma was the most frequent histological type (49.61%), followed by lobular carcinoma (17.22%). Grade II tumors (63.75%) were predominant. Ultrasound (64.18%) and biopsy (68.66%) were the most common diagnostic tools. Chemotherapy was the principal treatment (62.12%), with cyclophosphamide (69.62%), doxorubicin (53.80%), and paclitaxel (56.33%) as the most prescribed agents. Genotype analysis revealed that individuals carrying the AA genotype had a significantly higher risk of breast cancer than those with GG (additive model 2: OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.12-5.48, p = 0.025). Significant associations were also observed under the recessive model (AA vs. GG + AG: OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.0-3.86, p = 0.051) and the allelic model (A vs G: OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.06-2.39, p = 0.026).

CONCLUSION: The miR-218-2 rs11134527 A allele confers an increased risk of breast cancer in Bangladeshi women, supporting its potential role as a population-specific genetic biomarker for susceptibility assessment.},
}

@article {pmid42005806,
year = {2026},
author = {Waugh, SB and Maku, HO and Antosh, DD and Rozycki, SK and Kamat, AA and Okoye, EI and Coffey, DM and Deavers, MT and Schwartz, MR and Ge, Y},
title = {A rare case of multifocal vulvar carcinoma of mammary gland type (AMGT) with mucinous features: Differential diagnosis and literature review.},
journal = {Gynecologic oncology reports},
volume = {64},
number = {},
pages = {102068},
pmid = {42005806},
issn = {2352-5789},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Primary vulvar adenocarcinoma of mammary gland type (AMGT) is a rare gynecologic cancer with only 54 reported cases to date. The tumor may have variety of histologic patterns and can be confused with other more common entities of vulvar tumors. Here, we report a rare mucinous variant of AMGT coexisting with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and benign mammary-like glands in the vulva. We further review the clinicopathological features of previously reported cases in the literature and discuss the differential diagnosis and treatment updates of this rare entity.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 78-year-old woman with a complex gynecological history who presented with gradually enlarging vulvar nodules and underwent wide local resection. Histological examination revealed mucinous adenocarcinoma and DCIS arising from benign mammary-like glands. The tumor shared histological and immunohistochemical features with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, including immunoreactivity to GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP-15). Additional imaging did not reveal primary tumor in the breast, gastrointestinal tract, or other organs.

CONCLUSION: Accurate diagnosis of AMGT relies on awareness of this rare entity, recognition of its typical "milk line" location, and familiarity with its morphological and immunohistochemical similarities to breast carcinoma. The diagnostic importance of identifying tumor-associated benign mammary-like glands or DCIS cannot be overemphasized. Immunohistochemistry is critical in identifying the "mammary-like" phenotype of AMGT and excluding other primary and metastatic tumors of vulva. The unique biologic profile of AMGT dictates a treatment strategy distinct from other primary vulvar tumors.},
}

@article {pmid42000472,
year = {2026},
author = {Pessoa, EC and Couto, HL and Kamyia Carvalho Pessoa, CP and da Silva Pina, AB and de Luca Vespolli, HM and de Souza Almeida Filho, B and de Paula, DR and Petri Nahas, EA},
title = {Breast MRI biomarkers of tumor biology: integrating imaging with pathology to guide clinical care.},
journal = {European journal of radiology},
volume = {200},
number = {},
pages = {112863},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejrad.2026.112863},
pmid = {42000472},
issn = {1872-7727},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is biologically heterogeneous, and tissue biomarkers derived from core biopsy may be limited by sampling and spatial heterogeneity. Breast MRI provides multiparametric information on tumor morphology, enhancement behavior, and peritumoral tissue characteristics. We evaluated whether standardized BI-RADS MRI descriptors are independently associated with histopathological features, immunohistochemical markers, and molecular subtypes in invasive breast cancer.

METHODS: This retrospective, single-center study included 340 consecutive women with invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type or invasive lobular carcinoma who underwent pretreatment 3T breast MRI between 2014 and 2019. MRI features were assessed using the BI-RADS MRI lexicon by a single experienced breast radiologist (>20 years), blinded to pathological data. Imaging descriptors were correlated with histological grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67, and immunohistochemistry-defined molecular subtypes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent imaging predictors.

RESULTS: In multivariable models, peritumoral edema independently predicted LVI (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.18-3.81) and high proliferative activity (Ki-67 ≥ 20%; OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.89-4.83). T2 mixed/hyperintense signal independently predicted high Ki-67 (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.47-4.85) and HER2 positivity (OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.72-5.66). Rim enhancement was independently associated with the triple-negative subtype (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.48-9.94) and high Ki-67 (OR 4.12, 95% CI 2.03-8.36). Washout kinetics independently predicted high Ki-67 (OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.82-5.56) and were inversely associated with Luminal A tumors (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.06-0.37). HER2 positivity was independently associated with peritumoral edema, T2 hyperintensity, plateau kinetics, non-mass enhancement (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.18-3.56), and segmental non-mass distribution (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.12-9.61). Across analyses, a consistent imaging pattern combining edema, T2 hyperintensity, rim enhancement, and washout kinetics clustered in biologically aggressive tumors.

CONCLUSIONS: Standardized BI-RADS breast MRI descriptors demonstrate consistent and independent associations with established pathological biomarkers and molecular subtypes. Although MRI does not replace tissue-based assessment, these imaging phenotypes may provide complementary biological context and support radiopathological correlation in multidisciplinary care. Given the retrospective, single-center design with single-reader assessment and absence of external validation, these findings should be interpreted with appropriate caution and require prospective multicenter confirmation before clinical implementation.},
}

@article {pmid41994693,
year = {2026},
author = {Tezuka, H and Matsui, A and Murata, Y and Odani, E and Tsukiyama, E and Sato, M and Sasahara, M and Seki, H and Kinoshita, T},
title = {Synchronous Bilateral Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma With Osteoclast-Like Stromal Giant Cells in a 44-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {e105310},
pmid = {41994693},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like stromal giant cells (OCGC) is a rare histological variant of invasive breast carcinoma. While it typically presents as a unilateral disease, its clinicopathological significance and the mechanisms underlying its formation remain incompletely understood. To our knowledge, a case of synchronous bilateral primary invasive ductal carcinoma with OCGCs has not been previously reported. A 44-year-old premenopausal woman was diagnosed with synchronous bilateral invasive ductal carcinoma with OCGCs. Imaging revealed small masses in both breasts, and core needle biopsies demonstrated invasive carcinoma with associated non-invasive components and numerous OCGCs in the tumor stroma. Both tumors were hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (luminal A-like). The patient underwent bilateral mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy, which showed no lymph node metastasis. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient has remained recurrence-free for six months after surgery. Notably, final pathological examination confirmed independent ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) components with OCGCs in both breasts, supporting the diagnosis of bilateral primary tumors rather than metastatic disease. Immunohistochemically, the OCGCs were CD68-positive, confirming their macrophage lineage. Genetic testing showed no pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants. This report highlights an extremely rare, pathologically confirmed case of synchronous bilateral primary breast carcinoma with OCGCs. The presence of OCGCs in both invasive and in situ components suggests that their formation can be induced at early stages of tumor development, likely reflecting a distinct immune-reactive tumor microenvironment driven by host-related factors.},
}

@article {pmid41997937,
year = {2026},
author = {Lundgren, JG and Flynn, MG and Winkler, AR and Rivera, BN and Tanabe, LM and Stemmer, PM and Chen, LM and Chai, KX and List, K},
title = {Metastasis suppressing properties of the cell-surface anchored serine protease prostasin: new functional and mechanistic insights from breast cancer.},
journal = {Oncogenesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41389-026-00615-3},
pmid = {41997937},
issn = {2157-9024},
support = {R01CA160565//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA222359//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; T32-CA009531//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; 5T32-GM142519-04//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; P30ES036084//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; P30CA022453//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; S10OD030484//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; },
abstract = {Serine proteases play multifaceted roles in cancer, affecting tumor formation, progression, and metastasis. While most serine proteases studied act as tumor promoters by remodeling the extracellular matrix and activating signaling pathways, others can function as tumor suppressors. Prostasin is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored serine protease that is expressed in epithelial tissues, including the ductal epithelium of the breast. We found that prostasin protein expression is lost in high-grade, poorly differentiated, invasive ductal carcinoma in both mice and humans. To test whether prostasin impacts tumor progression and metastasis, prostasin-deficient mice were crossed into the oncogene-induced transgenic MMTV-PymT mammary tumor model. While prostasin deficiency did not affect primary tumor growth, it resulted in a significantly increased spontaneous dissemination of cancer cells to the lungs, suggesting a causal relationship between the loss of prostasin expression and progression to distant metastasis of breast cancer. At the cellular level, re-expression of prostasin in human breast cancer cells that have lost endogenous prostasin attenuated their invasive properties. Importantly, silencing prostasin expression in non-transformed human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) resulted in the disruption of epithelial integrity and the loss of tight junctions (TJs), an early hallmark of cells acquiring an invasive phenotype. Discovery proteomics identified HMEC-expressed fibronectin (FN) as a regulatory target of prostasin and revealed increased levels of FN upon prostasin silencing. Mechanistically, cellular FN plays a causal role in TJ integrity in HMECs, and concomitant silencing of FN and prostasin rescues the defects caused by prostasin loss. Prostasin-mediated FN regulation represents a novel mechanism for regulating mammary epithelial cell TJ integrity and a potential candidate pathway for targeted therapy in breast cancer patients.},
}

@article {pmid41988437,
year = {2026},
author = {Behzad, S and Shahsavani Asl, A and Rouientan, H and Akhlaghpoor, S},
title = {Feasibility of delayed post-radiofrequency ablation biopsy in a pulmonary nodule metastatic from breast carcinoma: a case report.},
journal = {Oxford medical case reports},
volume = {2026},
number = {4},
pages = {omag036},
pmid = {41988437},
issn = {2053-8855},
abstract = {Thermal ablation is an established treatment for pulmonary nodules, conventionally performed after histopathologic confirmation of malignancy. We report the case of a 66-year-old woman with a history of left breast invasive ductal carcinoma (Bloom-Richardson grade II, score 7) with a 3-cm primary tumor and 3/19 axillary lymph nodes involved (pT2N1), and HER2 amplification detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization, who presented with a right lower lobe pulmonary nodule suspicious for metastasis. In contrast to standard practice, the lesion was first ablated under CT guidance, after which a coaxial core biopsy was obtained from the ablation zone. Histopathological analysis confirmed metastatic breast carcinoma, with preserved tissue architecture and immunohistochemical integrity (HER2 immunohistochemistry was 2+, and CISH confirmed HER2 amplification), despite a 4-hour interval between ablation and biopsy. No immediate procedural complications were observed. This case underscores the feasibility and diagnostic adequacy of delayed post-ablation biopsy and suggests that diagnostic integrity can be maintained even several hours after ablation.},
}

@article {pmid41985721,
year = {2026},
author = {Jordan, T and Chan, NNN and Rimm, DL and Zhan, H},
title = {Pathological Response to Herceptin-containing Neoadjuvant Therapy in HER2 IHC2+/ISH+ and IHC3+ Early-Stage Invasive Ductal Carcinoma.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106121},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106121},
pmid = {41985721},
issn = {1532-8392},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: HER2-positive breast cancers exhibit heterogeneous responses to neoadjuvant therapy. This study compared pathologic response between IHC 3+ and IHC 2+/FISH+ invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) treated with trastuzumab/pertuzumab-containing chemotherapy.

METHODS: We identified 202 patients with HER2-positive early-stage IDC who received neoadjuvant T/P-containing chemotherapy followed by surgery between 2017 and 2024. Patients were categorized as IHC 3+ (n = 165) or IHC 2+/FISH+ (n = 37). Clinicopathologic parameters from pretreatment biopsies and post-treatment excisions were reviewed. Residual cancer burden (RCB) score and recurrence-free survival (RFS) at 36 months were analyzed.

RESULTS: The complete pathologic response (pCR) rate was significantly higher in IHC 3+ compared with IHC 2+/FISH+ tumors (67% vs. 27%, p < 0.001). IHC 3+ tumors were more frequently ER-/PR- than IHC 2+/FISH+ tumors (56% vs. 16%, p < 0.001). In the subset with complete FISH data (n = 49), increasing RCB class was inversely associated with both HER2/CEP17 ratio and HER2 copy number. At 36 months, recurrence rates were numerically lower in IHC 3+ compared with IHC 2+/FISH+ tumors (1.7% vs. 9.4%, p = 0.07). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a non-significant trend toward improved RFS in IHC 3+ tumors among hormone receptor-positive cases (p = 0.14).

CONCLUSIONS: Compared with IHC 3+ IDC, IHC 2+/FISH+ IDC demonstrated lower pCR rates and inferior RFS in hormone receptor-negative subset following neoadjuvant trastuzumab/ pertuzumab-containing therapy. Pathologic response correlated inversely with HER2/CEP17 ratio and HER2 copy number. Reassessment of HER2 expression with more sensitive quantitative methods, particularly in IHC 2+/FISH+ tumors, may improve therapeutic stratification.},
}

@article {pmid41986415,
year = {2026},
author = {Al-Masri, M and Alayyan, O and Safi, Y},
title = {Invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma and receptor status in the genetic context of breast cancer.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-44029-y},
pmid = {41986415},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) represents about 10% of invasive breast cancers and is increasingly considered a unique disease entity. Certain genetic mutations predispose patients to ILC, as such this study aims to explore the ILC and IDC (invasive ductal carcinoma) in a genetic context. This is a retrospective chart review study. Any patient diagnosed with either ILC or IDC and a germline mutation with a predisposition for breast cancer is included in the study. Data was analyzed by patient's demographics, group stage, family history, and genetic mutation. Additionally, each tumor was analyzed for grade and receptor status. This study reviewed 372 patients of which 88.4% had IDC and 11.6% had ILC. Our results indicate that several variants in ATM, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, EPCAM, PALB2, and PMS2 are more strongly associated with ILC - to varying degrees. [p < 0.001]. Additionally, ILC tumors kept several characteristics, even in the genetic context. ILC patients had a higher median age at presentation [p = 0.043], were more likely to have a lower grade compared to ductal tumors [p < 0.001]. and be estrogen receptor positive [p < 0.001] progesterone status positive [p < 0.001] and HER2 negative [p = 0.043]. ILC patients are more likely to have certain genetic mutations over others. This can help clinicians adapt when counseling these patients. Furthermore, ILC keeps its distinctive characteristics independent of the genetic backdrop.},
}

@article {pmid41976402,
year = {2026},
author = {Syrigos, N and Mougiakos, A and Konstantinidou, A and Panagiotou, E and Karachaliou, A and Fyta, E and Vamvakaris, I and Karagianni, E and Kotteas, E and Lanitis, S and Markopoulos, C and Troupis, T and Grapsa, D},
title = {Immunohistochemical Expression of IDO and PD-L1 in Distinct Compartments of Breast Cancer Tissue: Correlation with Clinicopathological Features and Outcomes.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18071180},
pmid = {41976402},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immune checkpoint that has been shown to play a key immunomodulatory role in various solid tumors, including breast cancer (BC). Although increased IDO expression has been previously observed in some BC subtypes, mainly triple-negative BC (TNBC), the clinical relevance of this protein across the entire range of BC and its exact correlations with other immune checkpoints remain to be elucidated. We herein aimed to further investigate the differential expression patterns of IDO and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in variable BC subtypes and in distinct compartments of breast cancer tissue, and to explore their potential associations with standard patient- and tumor-related clinicopathological parameters as well as prognosis. Methods: This was a retrospective multi-center cohort study of 150 female patients with BC. The clinicopathological parameters analyzed were retrieved from the medical records of patients while sections from archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks were also obtained for the performance of immunohistochemistry. The expression of IDO and PD-L1 was evaluated separately on tumor cells (IDO/CA, PD-L1/CA), lymphocytes (IDO/L, PD-L1/L) and stromal cells (IDO/S, PD-L1/S) and the results were correlated with the remaining clinical and pathological features of patients, as well as with local recurrence, metastasis and survival. Results: The mean age of patients was 59.5 years (SD = 13.4 years). Positive expression of IDO/CA, IDO/L and IDO/S was found in 6%, 93.3% and 90.7% of tissue samples, respectively, while 4%, 11.2% and 6.7% of tumors were positive for PD-L1/CA, PD-L1/L and PD-L1/S, respectively. A significantly higher rate of positive IDO/CA expression was observed in triple-negative BC (TNBC) patients (p = 0.037). Positive expression of IDO-CA was also significantly associated with positivity for PD-L1/L and PD-L1/S (p = 0.001 and p = 0.015, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed independent correlations between IDO/CA and IDO/L and the presence of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (OR = 1.10; p = 0.026) and N1 status (OR = 10.93; p = 0.039), respectively, IDO/S and both N1 (OR = 14.64; p = 0.018) and positive HER2 status (OR = 6.11; p = 0.019), PD-L1/L and high Ki67 (OR = 7.96; p = 0.001) as well as negative ER (OR = 0.08; 0.003) and PR status (OR = 0.09; p = 0.002), PD-L1/S and both NST (no special type) histology (OR = 4.68; p = 0.032) and negative ER status (OR = 0.21; p = 0.044). No statistically significant associations were observed between the expression patterns of the examined biomarkers and recurrence, metastasis or survival. Conclusions: In our study, IDO expression on tumor cells was predominantly observed in TNBC and was found to correlate with PD-L1 expression in the lymphocytic and stromal compartments. Furthermore, expression of PD-L1 among lymphocytes was found to independently correlate with unfavorable clinicopathological parameters, including high proliferation rate and negative hormone receptor status.},
}

@article {pmid41978785,
year = {2026},
author = {Ida, E and Ohashi, M and Kanehisa, F and Komai, M and Itoi, N and Urata, Y and Nagata, M and Lee, T},
title = {Radiation-Associated Angiosarcoma of the Breast: A Case Report with Review of Reported Cases in Japan.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41978785},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Radiation-associated angiosarcoma of the breast (RAASB) is an extremely rare but serious complication that can occur several years after breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. Owing to its rarity and nonspecific cutaneous manifestations, the diagnosis of RAASB is often delayed. There is no established treatment for RAASB, and its prognosis remains poor.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 63-year-old woman developed progressive breast edema 14 years after breast-conserving surgery with axillary lymph node dissection and adjuvant radiotherapy for invasive ductal carcinoma. Two years later, she presented with breast masses with purpura and biopsy-confirmed angiosarcoma. Wide mastectomy with skin grafting was performed, followed by weekly administration of adjuvant paclitaxel. The patient remained recurrence-free for 12 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS: RAASB can develop long after breast-conserving therapy and may be preceded by subtle skin changes or persistent breast edema. Long-term follow-up and patient education are essential for patients who have undergone breast irradiation. Early imaging or biopsy should be considered when breast lymphedema is observed.},
}

@article {pmid41979822,
year = {2026},
author = {Kanasaki, R and Suzuki, K and Ota, T and Akashi-Tanaka, S and Nagashima, Y and Sakai, S},
title = {Estimation of histopathological types from breast MRI findings using a large language model.},
journal = {International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41979822},
issn = {1861-6429},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Large language models (LLMs) may hold the potential to infer pathological diagnoses from imaging findings such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This retrospective study investigates whether an LLM can accurately predict histopathological types of breast lesions based on descriptive findings in contrast-enhanced breast MRI reports written in natural language.

METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed findings from diagnostic imaging reports of consecutive cases of contrast-enhanced breast MRI performed between January and December 2024. Textual descriptions of imaging findings were entered into an LLM (OpenAI o3), and its predictions of histopathological types were compared with the actual pathological diagnoses.

RESULTS: A total of 186 lesions from 180 patients were classified into 10 histopathological types, including lesions with combinations of these types. The LLM o3 generated predictions for eight of these types. For the most prevalent type, invasive ductal carcinoma (123 lesions), the model achieved 83.7% sensitivity, 60.8% specificity, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 76.9%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 70.6%. For the second-most frequent type, ductal carcinoma in situ (38 lesions), the model achieved 57.9% sensitivity, 89.6% specificity, PPV of 56.4%, and NPV of 90.2%.

CONCLUSION: The latest LLM accurately inferred invasive ductal carcinoma with typical breast MRI findings, supporting the hypothesis that LLMs can predict histopathological types based on imaging descriptions.},
}

@article {pmid41969031,
year = {2026},
author = {Thabit, DM},
title = {Immunohistochemical expression of POC1A, NUF2, and Ki-67 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: prognostic significance with insights into triple-negative breast cancer.},
journal = {American journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {165},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ajcp/aqag011},
pmid = {41969031},
issn = {1943-7722},
}

@article {pmid41969442,
year = {2026},
author = {Hua, W and Gu, Y and Yuan, Y and Zhu, J and Wu, H},
title = {RNAscope-based HER2 mRNA detection shows high concordance with fluorescence in situ hybridization in invasive breast carcinoma: a retrospective study.},
journal = {Translational cancer research},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {174},
pmid = {41969442},
issn = {2219-6803},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status is critical for guiding targeted therapy in invasive breast cancer (BC). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is routinely used for HER2 screening, but equivocal (IHC 2+) cases require confirmatory testing. RNAscope is an emerging RNA in situ hybridization technique with proven consistency and sensitivity. We investigated whether RNAscope can reliably determine HER2 status and enhance diagnostic concordance with FISH in IHC 2+ invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

METHODS: In this retrospective study, 104 IDC cases from January 2020 to January 2024 were reviewed. Thirty-five cases with IHC 2+ scores were randomly selected. Each case underwent RNAscope and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for HER2. Concordance between RNAscope and FISH results was evaluated using Cohen's kappa statistic. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on discordant cases to confirm HER2 gene status.

RESULTS: RNAscope and FISH results were concordant in 85.7% (30/35) of IHC 2+ cases [κ=0.678, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.425-0.872], indicating substantial agreement. RNAscope detected HER2 positivity in all 12 FISH-positive cases (100% agreement) and in 5 of 23 FISH-negative cases, identifying additional positive cases. Among the 5 discordant cases, NGS confirmed HER2 amplification or overexpression in 4 (80%) of the RNAscope-positive/FISH-negative cases. These findings suggest that RNAscope may detect HER2-positive cases missed by FISH.

CONCLUSIONS: RNAscope shows high agreement with FISH in determining HER2 status in IHC 2+ IDC. RNAscope may serve as an effective adjunct to current HER2 testing, offering a sensitive alternative for ambiguous cases.},
}

@article {pmid41969954,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, X and Lin, Y and Lin, Y and Yang, Q},
title = {Survival outcomes of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast: a SEER population-based study.},
journal = {Gland surgery},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {66},
pmid = {41969954},
issn = {2227-684X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prognostic significance of invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) histology in breast cancer is still debated. Additionally, the relationship between different molecular subtypes and survival outcomes in patients with IMPC and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate whether breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) differ between IMPC and IDC across molecular subtypes, to better inform subtype-aware risk stratification and personalized management.

METHODS: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify breast cancer patients, we retrospectively analyzed 959 IMPC and 174,591 IDC cases diagnosed between 2010 and 2016 with non-metastatic diseases that underwent surgery. We compared long-term outcomes of BCSS and OS.

RESULTS: IMPC had a better BCSS (P=0.04) but showed no significant difference in OS (P=0.09) compared with IDC. In multivariate Cox analysis, IMPC histologic type was an independent favorable prognostic factor for both BCSS [hazard ratio (HR) =0.509, P=0.002] and OS (HR =0.637, P=0.003). After propensity score matching (PSM), IMPC still had a better BCSS (P=0.001); we observed no significant difference in OS (P=0.38). While different molecular subtypes have different impacts on survival outcomes, no significant differences were observed in BCSS and OS between IMPC and IDC in relation to Luminal B, human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched, and triple-negative subtype. In relation to the Luminal A subtype, IMPC had better BCSS (HR =0.399, P=0.001) and OS (HR =0.508, P=0.001). In the case-control cohort, IMPC had a better BCSS (HR =0.423, P=0.005), while no significant difference was observed in OS (HR =0.767, P=0.22) in Luminal A subtype.

CONCLUSIONS: Relative to IDC, IMPC presents better long-term survival outcomes, and the survival benefits are confined to the Luminal A subtype.},
}

@article {pmid41970174,
year = {2026},
author = {El Houbri, FE and Idrissi, N and Roche, M and Valentin, S},
title = {PADI-Location-AR-EN: A normalized Arabic-English spatial entity dataset for epidemiological surveillance.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {112698},
pmid = {41970174},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {The location of events in multilingual texts, particularly in Arabic, represents a challenge for epidemiological monitoring. Systems such as PADI-web rely on English translation to extract spatial entities, but the scarcity of annotated spatial entities in Arabic can hamper the reliability of translations and extraction. In this context, PADI-Location-AR-EN, which is a dataset of 328 spatial entities that were manually extracted from 96 Arabic-language news articles collected by the PADI-web epidemiological monitoring system, is presented in this paper. Each entity was manually translated into English, normalized using the GeoNames database, and then classified according to its type and spatial category. The dataset can be used to evaluate the translation quality of three machine translation systems (DeepL, Microsoft Azure and Reverso) as well as the performance of named entity recognition models on the translated texts.},
}

@article {pmid41972059,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Y and Li, Q and Zhao, L},
title = {An interpretable weighted ensemble based on routinely collected clinical data for the accurate prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis.},
journal = {Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {318},
pmid = {41972059},
issn = {2223-4292},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Axillary lymph node (ALN) status is a primary prognostic indicator in breast cancer, yet conventional surgical staging for determining ALN status is invasive. We aimed to develop an interpretable, noninvasive weighted ensemble model for ALN metastasis prediction using only routine, universally accessible clinicopathological data.

METHODS: We analyzed a retrospective cohort of 915 patients (training set: n=732; test set: n=183). Twelve routine clinicopathological variables, including age, tumor diameter, histological grade, and biomarkers [estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67], served as predictors. A two-stage weighted ensemble was developed through the integration of logistic regression (LR) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) via Python version 3.9. Model performance was evaluated with the held-out test set according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC), and sensitivity. Model interpretability was achieved through Shapley additive explanations (SHAP).

RESULTS: The weighted ensemble model achieved a superior AUC of 0.762 on the test set, outperforming optimized XGBoost (AUC =0.752) and tuned LR (AUC =0.741). The model demonstrated a robust AUPRC of 0.575 and achieved a high sensitivity of 0.800. SHAP analysis revealed that model predictions were primarily driven by tumor diameter, invasive ductal carcinoma pathology type, and plateau time-intensity curve patterns.

CONCLUSIONS: The interpretable weighted ensemble model, based only on standard tabular clinicopathological data, provides accurate and transparent ALN risk stratification. Its high sensitivity supports its use as a valuable triage tool for identifying low-risk patients who may safely forego invasive axillary surgery.},
}

@article {pmid41958339,
year = {2026},
author = {Sutanto, H and Savitri, M and Hendarsih, E and Ashariati, A},
title = {Early hematologic dynamics and their association with patient-reported symptom burden in breast cancer pharmacotherapy: a prospective cohort study.},
journal = {Future oncology (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-16},
doi = {10.1080/14796694.2026.2656388},
pmid = {41958339},
issn = {1744-8301},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Systemic pharmacotherapy for breast cancer frequently induces hematologic toxicity and inflammatory changes that may affect symptom burden and treatment tolerance. This study evaluated baseline hematologic profiles, early treatment-related changes, and their association with patient-reported outcomes during the first cycle of therapy.

METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 106 women receiving systemic pharmacotherapy at two secondary referral centers in Indonesia were enrolled. Hematologic parameters and inflammatory indices-including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV)-were measured. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the EORTC QLQ-C30.

RESULTS: The mean age was 51.9 ± 9.7 years, with most patients presenting with locally advanced disease and invasive ductal carcinoma. Early pharmacotherapy caused marked hematologic suppression, with leukocyte and neutrophil nadirs at week 1 and partial recovery by week 3 (p < 0.001). PLR, MLR, and PIV changed significantly over time (p < 0.001). Anemia increased from 51.9% to 74.0%, while neutropenia rose to 41.7% at week 1 before declining to 1.1% by week 3. Selected hematologic biomarkers correlated with patient-reported symptom burden, and only baseline MLR differed between survival subgroups (p = 0.043).

CONCLUSION: Early breast cancer pharmacotherapy induces dynamic hematologic and inflammatory changes associated with patient-reported symptoms, supporting integrated monitoring to improve toxicity management.},
}

@article {pmid41959893,
year = {2026},
author = {Addasi, R and AbuMahfouz, B and Subuh, A and Obeidat, M and Zenah, A and Haddar, R and Hamdan, S},
title = {Racial disparities in breast cancer subtypes, recurrence, and survival: a longitudinal cohort analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1732495},
pmid = {41959893},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Racial disparities in breast cancer subtype distribution and clinical outcomes are well documented, yet integrated longitudinal analyses examining subtype, recurrence, and survival within standardized cohorts remain limited. This study examines race-associated differences in breast cancer subtypes, recurrence patterns, and survival outcomes using a retrospective longitudinal cohort.

METHODS: A total of 922 women from the Duke Breast Cancer MRI dataset were analyzed. Race was categorized a priori into three groups (White, Black, and Other) for primary comparative analyses.

RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis (in years) was 52.2 (IQR 45.4-60.8), with Black patients presenting at younger median ages compared with White patients (p< 0.001). Black women had the highest prevalence of triple-negative breast cancer (29.6%). Sixty-five (47.1%) of black patients presented with stage III Nottingham grade at presentation (P< 0.001). The overall recurrence rate was 9.4%, and mortality rate was 6.7%, with no statistically significant difference between groups.

DISCUSSION: Black patients demonstrated a higher prevalence of aggressive tumor biology at presentation; however, survival differences were attenuated after multivariable adjustment. Given the limited number of mortality events, adjusted survival estimates should be interpreted cautiously, as these findings underscore the need for larger, prospective studies integrating genomic, imaging, and socioeconomic data to better define drivers of outcome disparities in breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid41959899,
year = {2026},
author = {Alsharif, H and Wesolowski, R and Cebulla, CM and Davenport, AP and Gatti-Mays, ME and Johnson, KCC and Lopetegui-Lia, N and Quiroga, D and Roy, AM and Shujaat, M and Stover, DG and Bader, G},
title = {Case Report: Late choroidal metastasis from hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer responsive to first-line endocrine therapy.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1719671},
pmid = {41959899},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Distant metastatic breast cancer can occur years after initial diagnosis, with choroidal metastasis being a rare but significant manifestation. This case report presents a patient with a history of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the left breast, who developed late choroidal metastasis. The patient underwent systemic therapy with an aromatase inhibitor and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor leading to regression of choroidal metastases. We also conducted a literature review of similar cases. External beam radiotherapy is the gold standard for management of choroidal metastases. However, it appears that first-line treatment with endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors in patients with ER+ and HER2- breast cancer is likely effective for the treatment of choroidal metastases secondary to ER+/HER2- breast cancer and may allow a delay in the use of local invasive interventions.},
}

@article {pmid41961346,
year = {2026},
author = {Aziz, S and Rasheed, F and Bibi, S and Shahzad, A and Riaz, S and Noor, H and Ijaz, UZ and König, S},
title = {Case report of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast in a Pakistani male aged 55.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12672-026-04996-0},
pmid = {41961346},
issn = {2730-6011},
support = {MR/Z50628X/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
}

@article {pmid41963283,
year = {2026},
author = {Gong, N and Gouda, M and Balaz, AM and Song, J and Kranz, G and Hess, J and Baumeister, P and Unger, K and Katalina, V and Canis, M and Gires, O},
title = {EpCAM supports exit from pluripotency of embryonic stem cells via Eomes.},
journal = {Cell death & disease},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41419-026-08734-w},
pmid = {41963283},
issn = {2041-4889},
support = {Gi 540/3-4//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; INST 409/223-1 FUGG//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
abstract = {Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a tumor-associated antigen that marks pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Regulation of Epcam expression yields a spatiotemporal patterning during embryogenesis that is thoroughly mimicked in a 3D model of spontaneous differentiation of embryoid bodies (EBs). Here, we present a role of EpCAM in exit from pluripotency of murine ESCs (mESCs) to establish cardiomyocytes in EBs. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of wildtype and Epcam-knockout mESCs at strategic time points of spontaneous differentiation uncovered molecular deficiencies of Epcam-knockout ESCs in "Wnt signaling" and "Heart development". Multi-level bioinformatic analyses revealed central lineage-defining transcription factors Eomes, Foxa2, and Gata6 as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that are misregulated in Epcam-knockout mESCs. Gene expression association of Epcam with Eomes, Foxa2, and Gata6 was prominent at day three of spontaneous differentiation, representing primitive streak formation in EBs. Interrogation of public single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) datasets supported a co-expression of Epcam and Eomes at early stages of murine embryogenesis in epiblast, primitive streak, nascent mesoderm, extraembryonic ectoderm and endoderm. Newly generated scRNAseq of wildtype mESCs in spontaneous differentiation delineated the formation of epiblast, primitive streak, endo- and mesoderm cells, and cardiomyocytes. Expression and pseudotime analysis positioned Epcam expression slightly ahead of Eomes at the transition of early to late primitive streak, along with rising Wnt signaling. Accordingly, conditional re-expression of Epcam or Eomes but not of Foxa2 or Gata6 complemented differentiation defects of Epcam-knockouts and confirmed an involvement of Wnt signaling in the EpCAM-dependent activation of Eomes. Hence, defective exit of pluripotency in Epcam-deficient ESCs is linked to Eomes regulation via Wnt signaling.},
}