@article {pmid42605446,
year = {2026},
author = {P, CK and Ramasamy, J and Moorthi, V and Prabhu, and Kaliyamoorthy, S and Radhakrishnan, V},
title = {Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Correlation of Stromal CD10 Expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: A Prospective Observational Study.},
journal = {Iranian journal of pathology},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {543-551},
pmid = {42605446},
issn = {1735-5303},
abstract = {BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Breast cancer is a major global health concern, with tumor heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment (TME) dynamics limiting the predictive value of conventional prognostic markers such as age, tumor size, grade, nodal status, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and ER/PR/HER2 status. Stromal CD10, a zinc-dependent metalloproteinase expressed by fibroblasts and myoepithelial cells, promotes tumor invasion through extracellular matrix remodeling and is associated with aggressive tumor features. This study evaluates stromal CD10 expression in invasive breast carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological and immunohistochemical parameters.

METHODS: A prospective study of 73 modified radical mastectomy specimens of invasive ductal carcinoma was conducted between April 2024 and December 2025. Histopathological diagnosis and grading were confirmed using H&E staining. Immunohistochemistry assessed ER, PR, HER2, stromal CD10 expression, and molecular subtypes. Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) was calculated for risk stratification.

RESULTS: Most patients were female, with predominance of T2 tumors (61.6%), IDC-NST (86.3%), and grade 2 tumors (79.5%). ER, PR, and HER2 positivity were observed in 52.1%, 37%, and 30.1% of cases. Basal-like and luminal B subtypes were most common (30.1% each). Stromal CD10 showed strong positivity in 49.3%, weak positivity in 30.1%, and negativity in 20.5%. CD10 expression showed a higher frequency among cases with T2 tumors, grade 2 histology, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node involvement, ER/PR negativity, HER2 positivity, and basal-like/HER2-enriched subtypes; however, these associations did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSION: In low-resource settings, Stromal CD10 may have potential as an adjunct marker of tumor aggressiveness; however, in the present study, its associations with adverse clinicopathological parameters were not statistically significant. Larger multicentric studies with survival data are required for validation. Validation requires larger multicentric investigations with survival data.},
}

@article {pmid42607428,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Y and Wang, Y and Ma, F and Tzachor, A and Wang, H},
title = {Criticality and scale effects in China's power lithium-ion battery system.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {415},
number = {},
pages = {130595},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130595},
pmid = {42607428},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {The rapid electrification of transport has made power lithium-ion batteries (PLIBs) a central resource system for low-carbon mobility. In China, the world's largest PLIB producer and consumer, the key sustainability challenge is not only battery expansion but also whether raw material demand can be secured and managed. However, most assessments of battery resource risks focus on material or technology criticality alone, rather than on how criticality interacts with material demand and technology deployment. This study assesses resource pressure in China's PLIB system from 2010 to 2024 by combining raw material demand with material-level criticality and installed capacity with technology-level criticality. The results show that China's PLIB installed capacity in new energy passenger vehicles increased from 46.7 GWh in 2020 to 486.5 GWh in 2024, substantially increasing the raw material demand. Cobalt, nickel and manganese showed relatively higher criticality, while lowest-criticality graphite exhibited substantial resource pressure because its demand reached 434.3 kt in 2024, over three times that of nickel. At the technology level, NMC chemistries showed higher criticality than NCA and LFP. The transition toward high-nickel NMC reduced cobalt-related pressure but increased exposure to nickel-related resource pressure. Despite its lowest criticality among NMC chemistries, NMC811 exhibited the highest resource pressure after 2021 due to rapid capacity expansion. Although LFP maintained the lowest criticality, its large-scale deployment (320.12 GWh in 2024) still generated non-negligible resource pressure, highlighting the amplifying effect of deployment scale on low-criticality technologies. These findings show that battery technology planning should consider both material criticality and deployment scale.},
}

@article {pmid42609660,
year = {2026},
author = {Lapeikis, I and Baranauskytė, V and Jančiauskas, D and Pužauskienė, L and Korobeinikova, E},
title = {When Local Beats Systemic: Durable Control of Metastatic Undifferentiated Uterine Sarcoma and Surveillance Uncovering a Second Primary.},
journal = {Acta medica Lituanica},
volume = {33},
number = {1},
pages = {204-213},
pmid = {42609660},
issn = {1392-0138},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS) is a rare, aggressive uterine mesenchymal malignancy with poor prognosis, for which, evidence supporting metastasis-directed treatment strategies is limited.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 59-year-old woman underwent total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (R0) for stage IB UUS in 2016, followed by adjuvant doxorubicin-ifosfamide. Three years later, surveillance CT identified bilateral pulmonary metastases. Video-assisted thoracoscopic resection confirmed metastatic UUS, and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) was delivered to residual and subsequent lung lesions, achieving sustained local control without systemic therapy. The patient remained progression-free for almost three years. In 2024, follow-up imaging showed no active sarcoma but incidentally detected a left breast lesion; biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma with mucinous features. She underwent breast-conserving surgery with sentinel lymph node biopsy (pT1N0(sn)), followed by adjuvant whole-breast radiotherapy and endocrine therapy with tamoxifen.

OUTCOMES: At 8.5 years from UUS diagnosis and one year after breast cancer treatment, the patient remains alive with no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease and with excellent performance status (ECOG 0).

CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates prolonged, chemotherapy-free control of metastatic UUS using a metastasis-directed strategy combining surgery and SBRT, and highlights the importance of continued surveillance for secondary primary malignancies. It supports considering an oligometastatic treatment paradigm and multidisciplinary management in selected UUS patients despite the absence of prospective data.},
}

@article {pmid42601757,
year = {2026},
author = {Aliyev, A and Adilli, A and Ismayilsoy, A and Aghayarli, F and Babazade, I and Ibrahimli, A and Isayev, C and Karn, T and Gasimli, B and Gasimli, K},
title = {Prognostic significance of androgen receptor expression in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {105},
number = {33},
pages = {e50131},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000050131},
pmid = {42601757},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Receptors, Androgen/metabolism/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Middle Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Disease-Free Survival ; Pathologic Complete Response ; Adult ; Aged ; },
abstract = {The androgen receptor (AR) is an emerging biomarker in breast cancer (BC), yet its prognostic relevance in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) remains inconclusive. While most studies focus on Western populations, data from the Caucasus are scarce. Given regional differences in tumor biology and treatment access, evaluating AR's clinical significance in these populations is crucial. This study aimed to investigate the association between AR expression, pathological response, and disease-free survival (DFS) in stage II to III BC patients receiving NACT. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 132 female BC patients treated with NACT at Bonadea Hospital. AR expression patterns were categorized as negative, weak, moderate, or strong. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and univariate Cox regression to evaluate associations between AR expression and clinicopathological features, pathological complete response (pCR), and DFS. The median age at diagnosis was 47 years. Invasive ductal carcinoma accounted for 91.1% of cases, with 50.0% of tumors graded as II or III. pCR was achieved in 28.6% of patients. Moderate-to-strong AR expression was observed in 15% of cases and was associated with a significantly lower Ki-67 index (P = .047). Although dichotomized AR expression did not significantly predict DFS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08-1.47, P = .151), Cox regression using all 4 AR categories revealed a significant reduction in recurrence risk (HR = 0.384, 95% CI: 0.160-0.918, P = .031). In multivariable model adjusting for estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and Ki-67 expression, moderate-to-strong AR expression remained the most influential prognostic factor, although the association did not reach statistical significance (adjusted HR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.07-1.41, P = .129; concordance index = 0.83). Among patients with residual disease (non-pCR), moderate-to-strong AR expression was associated with a higher 2-year DFS rate (90.9% vs 46.4%, P = .089). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated no evidence of selection bias related to AR data availability, as 2-year DFS was comparable between patients with and without available AR assessment (76.1% vs 71.6%, log-rank P = .975). Moderate-to-strong AR expression may be associated with improved DFS in patients treated with NACT, especially in those with incomplete pathological response. These findings highlight the potential of AR as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target, warranting validation in prospective studies.},
}

Humans
Female
*Receptors, Androgen/metabolism/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Neoadjuvant Therapy
Retrospective Studies
Prognosis
Middle Aged
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
Disease-Free Survival
Pathologic Complete Response
Adult
Aged

@article {pmid42601855,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, P and Lv, X and Su, H and Wu, H and Zhang, Z and Zhang, B and Zhang, F},
title = {Correlation study between inflammatory, nutritional and metabolic indicators and the risk of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1752259},
pmid = {42601855},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare clinical data between women with invasive breast cancer (IBC) and those with benign breast tumors, identify risk factors influencing IBC development, and provide evidence for early clinical identification and intervention.

METHODS: Clinical records of 1, 049 female patients with breast masses who underwent surgical treatment at Hebei Provincial People's Hospital between October 1, 2018, and October 1, 2020, were retrospectively collected. The cohort comprised 738 cases in the benign breast mass group and 311 cases in the invasive breast cancer group. Chi-square (χ²), Z-tests, and T-tests were used to compare the two groups regarding age, menopausal status, marital status, parity, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast surgery, presence of metabolic syndrome (MS), and related inflammatory and nutritional indicators [prognostic nutritional index (PNI), albumin/globulin ratio (AGR), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil/monocyte ratio (NMR). Independent risk factors for female IBC development were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS: Logistic Regression Analysis: Univariate analysis revealed that age, postmenopausal status, marital history, parity, coexisting multiple sclerosis, PNI, AGR, SIRI, and history of benign breast surgery were associated with inflammatory breast cancer in women. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, postmenopausal status, coexisting multiple sclerosis, decreased PNI, elevated SIRI, and history of benign breast surgery were independent risk factors for inflammatory breast cancer in women.

CONCLUSIONS: Advanced age, postmenopausal status, concomitant metabolic syndrome, decreased PNI, and elevated SIRI are independent risk factors for invasive breast cancer in women. A history of benign breast surgery may serve as a protective factor. Clinicians should enhance screening and intervention for high-risk populations based on these factors.},
}

@article {pmid42605413,
year = {2026},
author = {Nugrohowati, N and Ratri, LA and Kusuma, T and Widodo, I},
title = {Metachronous Double Primary Malignancies of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast and Primary Ovarian Angiosarcoma.},
journal = {Iranian journal of pathology},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {608-615},
pmid = {42605413},
issn = {1735-5303},
abstract = {BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Primary ovarian angiosarcoma (POA) is an exceptionally rare and aggressive endothelial malignancy, accounting for less than 1% of all ovarian cancers. Its diagnosis is often challenging due to nonspecific clinical features and histologic overlap with other ovarian tumors.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old woman presented with progressive abdominal distension, intermittent vaginal bleeding, and constipation, four months after completing chemoradiotherapy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Imaging revealed a 14.6 cm solid-cystic pelvic mass, and histopathological examination demonstrated CD31 and ERG positivity, confirming a rare diagnosis of primary ovarian angiosarcoma. BRCA2 immunohistochemistry was negative.

CONCLUSION: The metachronous occurrence of triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma and primary ovarian angiosarcoma represents an extremely rare clinical scenario. Although angiosarcomas have occasionally been reported in individuals with BRCA mutations, the relationship between BRCA alterations and ovarian angiosarcoma remains unclear. In the present case, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated negative BRCA2 expression. Further molecular characterization of ovarian angiosarcomas is needed to better understand their biology and potential relationship with hereditary cancer syndromes.},
}

@article {pmid42594098,
year = {2026},
author = {Sharma, S and Suryavanshi, T and Agarwal, P and Singh, A and Gupta, S and Singh, AK and Singh, K and Solanki, V and Bhalla, S},
title = {Clinicopathological and Prognostic Implications of Circulating MicroRNA-429 in Breast Cancer Patients.},
journal = {Annals of African medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4103/aam.aam_560_26},
pmid = {42594098},
issn = {0975-5764},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: MicroRNA-429 (miR-429), a member of the miR-200 family, has been implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor progression, yet its clinicopathological significance in breast cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate serum miR-429 expression in treatment-naïve breast cancer patients and correlate its levels with detailed histopathological variables, molecular subtype, treatment response, and outcome.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, serum samples from 49 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC- no special type [NST]) patients and 49 age-matched healthy controls were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Clinicopathological data (tumor grade, receptor status, lymphovascular invasion [LVI], nodal status, mitosis, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, necrosis, and subtype) and treatment response (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST] v1.1) were recorded. Resection specimens were evaluated for residual cancer burden (RCB).

RESULTS: Mean serum miR-429 levels were significantly lower in cases than controls (0.92 ± 0.53 vs. 1.24 ± 0.55; t = 2.892, P = 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.649 (95% confidence interval: 0.540-0.758; P = 0.011) with 67.3% sensitivity and specificity at a cut-off of <1.005. Higher miR-429 expression was significantly associated with LVI (37.5% vs. 0%, P = 0.021). Trends toward higher mitotic activity (≥6 mitoses/10 hpf: 62.5% vs. 25.0%, P = 0.094) and greater nodal involvement (50.0% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.096) were noted in the high-expression group. No significant associations were observed with grade (P = 0.190), receptor status (estrogen receptor P = 0.354; progesterone receptor P = 0.614; HER2 P = 0.579), molecular subtype (P = 0.852), RCB (P = 0.418), or RECIST response (P = 0.627). At follow-up, 42 patients (85.7%) were doing well, 5 (10.2%) had died, and outcomes were not significantly related to miR-429 (P = 0.351).

CONCLUSION: Serum miR-429 is downregulated in breast cancer and correlates significantly with LVI, suggesting a role in invasive biology. While diagnostic utility is modest, its integration into multi-microRNA panels may enhance predictive accuracy. Larger, multi-institutional, subtype-stratified studies are needed for validation.},
}

@article {pmid42598285,
year = {2026},
author = {Juma, FM and Msellem, AS and Mwita, S and Omar, M and Omar, K and Joshua, D and Amour, A and Hassan, H and Hashoul, S and Mahmoud, MA and Kühnert, S and Ally, MS and Said, A and Joshi, J and Maza, F and Ingelbeen, B and Konje, ET and Poulsen, A and Lund, S and Seni, J},
title = {Drivers influencing antibiotics use in pediatric wards across five public hospitals in Zanzibar: a WHO multiple point prevalence survey.},
journal = {Frontiers in antibiotics},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1874316},
pmid = {42598285},
issn = {2813-2467},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Strengthening antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs is a major public health strategy to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use (AMU) and averting antibiotic resistance (AMR). Evidence on AMU and AMS program implementation is widely documented in Tanzania mainland, consistent with previous studies done and other low-and middle-income countries. However, there is limited information on AMU and AMS programs to guide the implementation of the Zanzibar Action Plan on AMR. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of AMU, identify factors associated with AMU, and to assess the performance of AMS programs in pediatric wards across hospitals in Zanzibar.

METHODS: This repeated cross-sectional study employed the World Health Organization Point Prevalence Survey (WHO-PPS) tool at two time points (February to April 2024 and December 2024 to May 2025), complemented by a one-time WHO-Health Care Facility Core Element Indicators Tool conducted in April 2024 to assess AMS performance. The WHO-PPS study population was children ≤13 years admitted to pediatric wards in five public hospitals in Zanzibar. Healthcare providers and AMS team members reported on Core Element Indicators. The WHO-PPS data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate modified Poisson regression, while AMS performance was computed as percentage scores per hospital.

RESULTS: Of 943 paediatric patients, 826 (87.6%) received at least one antibiotic. Gentamicin, ampicillin, and ceftriaxone were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. Watch-category antibiotics accounted for the majority of prescriptions (53.8%), followed by Access (45.8%) and Reserve (0.4%). Community-acquired infections were the predominant indication for antibiotic use, 60.4%, with pneumonia and sepsis being the most common diagnoses. Bacteriological culture testing was performed in only 10.9% of patients, while adherence to national treatment guidelines was 77.8%. Significant predictors of AMU included hospital tier (regional: aPR 1.39, 95%CI 1.30-1.50; and district level: aPR 1.35, 95%CI 1.26-1.46); and higher disease severity shown by ultimately fatal McCabe score, aPR 1.20, 95%CI: 1.07-1.33). The AMS program performance was below the 50% functionality threshold, with low scores observed in leadership, accountability, monitoring and surveillance, and reporting and feedback, alongside limited progress in the establishment of DTC/IPC/AMC committees and implementation of AMS actions.

CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic use among admitted children was markedly prevalent, notably by the Watch category of antibiotics, and limited reliance on bacteriological culture and suboptimal AMS program performance across hospitals in Zanzibar. These findings highlight important opportunities to strengthen AMS programs and diagnostic practices. Future research should evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing and explore barriers to effective AMS implementation across hospitals in Zanzibar.},
}

@article {pmid42592441,
year = {2026},
author = {Patel, NK and Henderson, J and Uygur, HS},
title = {Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator Flap for Axillary Breast Reconstruction in a Previously Irradiated and Dissected Field.},
journal = {Indian journal of plastic surgery : official publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India},
volume = {59},
number = {3},
pages = {232-236},
pmid = {42592441},
issn = {0970-0358},
abstract = {Reconstruction of axillary defects after oncologic resection is particularly challenging in patients with prior axillary dissection and radiation, as traditional thoracodorsal-based flaps may be unreliable. We present a case of a 59-year-old woman with recurrent left axillary invasive ductal carcinoma, 18 years after lumpectomy, axillary dissection, chemotherapy, and radiation. En bloc resection involving the pectoralis minor and serratus anterior created a 6 × 5 × 2 cm defect with exposed rib. A lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flap was used for reconstruction, based on a dominant perforator at the sixth intercostal space identified by Doppler and confirmed intraoperatively with indocyanine green angiography. The flap was de-epithelialized, tunneled to the axilla, and the donor site closed primarily. The patient achieved complete healing without necrosis or contracture and maintained full shoulder mobility after adjuvant chemoradiation. The LICAP flap offers a safe, reliable option for axillary reconstruction in previously treated fields.},
}

@article {pmid42578231,
year = {2026},
author = {Alessa, H and Yacoubi, T and Alshayeb, A and Alraihan, J and Alqurashi, T},
title = {Recurrent radiogenic angiosarcoma of the breast: a rare case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {138},
number = {8},
pages = {3010-3014},
pmid = {42578231},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Post-radiation angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare but aggressive vascular malignancy that can develop as a late complication of radiotherapy for breast cancer. It is associated with a risk of local recurrence and a poor prognosis.

CASE PRESENTATION: Herein, we describe a case of an 80-year-old postmenopausal woman with a prior history of stage IIIC left breast invasive ductal carcinoma, treated with lumpectomy, axillary dissection, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy. Several years after treatment, she presented with a painless, superficial brown skin lesion over the irradiated breast. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed high-grade angiosarcoma with epithelioid features. Staging investigations showed no distant metastatic disease, and the patient underwent a left simple mastectomy. During follow-up, she developed recurrent disease, presenting as cutaneous and chest wall lesions, both confirmed histologically as recurrent angiosarcoma. The patient subsequently underwent wide local excision with rotational flap reconstruction for local recurrence. The patient is currently under regular follow-up with no further recurrence or active complaints.

DISCUSSION: Radiogenic breast angiosarcoma is an uncommon cancer, and while various studies have documented its clinical features and treatment, few have specifically addressed recurrent instances. Our case demonstrates the clinical course of recurrent post-radiation angiosarcoma and the difficulty in achieving local disease control following several surgical treatments.

CONCLUSIONS: This report highlights the prognosis, treatment, and clinical presentation of recurrent breast radiogenic angiosarcoma. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion in previously irradiated patients presenting with new or progressive skin changes.},
}

@article {pmid42578236,
year = {2026},
author = {Rostamzadeh, S and Shahrahmani, F and Rasoulighasemlouei, S and Mahmodlou, R},
title = {A rare case of synchronous bilateral breast cancer with distinct histological subtypes.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {138},
number = {8},
pages = {2872-2875},
pmid = {42578236},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC) is rare, and the occurrence of distinct histological subtypes in each breast is particularly uncommon, presenting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This report describes a case of SBBC with discordant histology in an elderly woman to highlight the diagnostic challenges.

CASE PRESENTATION: An 80-year-old woman with no prior breast cancer screening presented with a palpable right breast mass. Imaging revealed bilateral lesions, and core needle biopsy (CNB) confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) in the right breast with axillary lymph node involvement. While the initial biopsy of the left breast suggested benign changes, an excisional biopsy was performed due to imaging-pathology discordance, confirming invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated ER and PR positivity, HER2 negativity, and discordant E-cadherin expression, confirming two separate primary tumors. Given the patient's advanced age and comorbidities, she underwent bilateral mastectomy without chemotherapy. Final pathology confirmed IDC (T2N1M0, grade II) in the right breast and multifocal ILC (T2N0M0, grade II) in the left breast.

DISCUSSION: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of SBBC with different histologic types. The limited sensitivity of CNB for ILC underscores the need for close imaging-pathology correlation and excisional biopsy when discordance exists. Management should follow the principles of unilateral disease but be tailored to patient comorbidities and tumor biology.

CONCLUSION: SBBC with distinct histological subtypes is rare but clinically significant. Bilateral evaluation and accurate histopathological assessment are essential for optimal outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42591679,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, M and Jin, L and Shao, J and Wang, T and Wu, X},
title = {Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of breast carcinoma with apocrine differentiation: a propensity score-matched analysis of the SEER database.},
journal = {Translational cancer research},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {546},
pmid = {42591679},
issn = {2219-6803},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma with apocrine differentiation (APO) is a rare invasive cancer with unclear prognostic significance. This study compared clinicopathological features and survival outcomes between APO and invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (IDC-NST).

METHODS: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were analyzed. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce bias. Overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves and Cox regression. Subgroup analyses were performed by molecular subtypes based on receptor status.

RESULTS: APO was associated with older age, higher grade, larger tumors, more lymph node involvement, higher rates of estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) negativity and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity, and more frequent chemotherapy use (all P<0.001). Before PSM, APO exhibited worse 5-year OS (P<0.001) but similar BCSS. After PSM, APO patients demonstrated significantly better BCSS compared to IDC-NST but similar OS. Multivariate analysis identified APO as an independent favorable factor for BCSS [hazard ratio (HR) =0.672; P<0.001] and OS (HR =0.861; P=0.04). In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), APO independently predicted better BCSS (HR =0.72; P<0.001). No survival difference was found in HER2 positive and luminal subtypes.

CONCLUSIONS: Although APO is associated with aggressive pathological features, it confers a more favorable prognosis than IDC-NST, particularly in TNBC subtype. These findings underscore the importance of molecular subtype-specific treatment strategies in the management of APO.},
}

@article {pmid42592430,
year = {2026},
author = {Duan, JF and Li, T and Zhang, QJ and Lu, JH},
title = {Concurrent human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer with axillary nodal metastasis in a patient with pituitary prolactinoma: a case report.},
journal = {AME case reports},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {141},
pmid = {42592430},
issn = {2523-1995},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Managing high-risk human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) concurrent with a functioning pituitary adenoma is clinically challenging. Current oncological guidelines lack specific clinical consensus protocols regarding the simultaneous administration of intensive dual-HER2 targeted therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and continuous dopamine agonists.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 56-year-old postmenopausal woman with a 5-year history of pituitary prolactinoma presented with a painless left breast mass over a 2-year duration. Her serum prolactin (PRL) was strictly pharmacologically controlled within the normal physiological range (8-15 ng/mL). Diagnostic breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a suspicious 3 mm × 5 mm spiculated nodule [Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4a]. She initially underwent an excisional biopsy which confirmed invasive carcinoma. Due to intraoperative sentinel lymph node positivity, the tumor's proximity to the nipple, and the patient's explicit refusal of breast conservation, she underwent a left modified radical mastectomy. Definitive surgery demonstrated a pathologically paradoxical finding: a minute 0.8 cm (pT1b) invasive ductal carcinoma accompanied by early axillary lymph node metastasis (pN1a, 2/27 positive nodes). The tumor exhibited high proliferative potential (Ki-67 40%) and parallel HER2 amplification (3+) in both the invasive and the high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) components. Adhering to a multidisciplinary plan while maintaining her cabergoline regimen uninterrupted, she received adjuvant chemotherapy, dual anti-HER2 blockade (trastuzumab and pertuzumab), and radiotherapy. She declined extended adjuvant neratinib due to gastrointestinal toxicity concerns. She remains completely disease-free at 36 months post-surgery with stable pituitary function.

CONCLUSIONS: This case underscores the ongoing safety, feasibility, and practical compatibility of integrating dopamine agonists with intensive BC therapies. Furthermore, the paradoxical early lymphatic dissemination of a sub-centimeter primary tumor under physiological PRL levels suggests profound local crosstalk between HER2 and PRL receptor (PRLR) signaling. This necessitates vigilant management of even small, highly proliferative lesions in patients with concurrent endocrine comorbidities.},
}

@article {pmid42571762,
year = {2026},
author = {Malhaire, C and Lecouvet, F and Bereby-Kahane, M and Eddine, CA and Fourchotte, V and Buecher, B and Baelen, KV and Seban, RD and Bonneau, C and Mechta-Grigoriou, F and Djerroudi, L and Desmedt, C and Vincent-Salomon, A and Dresen, R and Huchet, V},
title = {Imaging patterns and diagnostic challenges in metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma.},
journal = {European journal of radiology},
volume = {204},
number = {},
pages = {113152},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejrad.2026.113152},
pmid = {42571762},
issn = {1872-7727},
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common subtype of breast cancer after invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST), previously referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma. Loss of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion drives its characteristic diffuse infiltration, producing subtle or ill-defined lesions on imaging and contributing to underdiagnosis. ILC is heterogeneous, comprising a classical form and several variants-some of which, such as pleomorphic ILC, are considered more aggressive and carry distinct prognostic implications. ILC demonstrates a distinctive metastatic tropism, with a higher prevalence of peritoneal, gastrointestinal, ovarian, and leptomeningeal involvement than NST, whereas pulmonary metastases are reported less often. ILC Metastases are frequently low-volume or infiltrative and may mimic benign or inflammatory conditions, complicating staging and follow-up. This didactic review provides a head-to-toe survey of metastatic ILC, combining radiology and nuclear medicine perspectives. It highlights diagnostic pitfalls and key imaging hallmarks, with emphasis on whole-body diffusion-weighted MRI (WB-DWI) and PET/CT strategies beyond^18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ({\,}^
18F-FDG), given the often low or heterogeneous FDG avidity of ILC, including^18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) and fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) imaging. By integrating biological insights with state-of-the-art imaging, this review emphasises how the distinctive metastatic behaviour of ILC can lead to delayed detection. Increased awareness of these patterns and need for dedicated imaging approach among radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians is necessary to reduce missed or late diagnoses.},
}

@article {pmid42572745,
year = {2026},
author = {Hirata, M and Morisaki, T and Asaka, Y and Matsuda, H and Henmi, S and Kikukawa, Y and Kochi, A and Watanabe, C and Takada, K and Tauchi, Y and Ogisawa, K and Kinoshita, H and Kohashi, K and Kashiwagi, S},
title = {Early Distant Metastasis in Synchronous Bilateral Breast Cancer including a Small Low-Grade Carcinoma with Osteoclast-Like Giant Cells: A Case Report.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42572745},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) is an uncommon morphological finding, and its clinical significance remains unclear. We report a case of synchronous bilateral hormone receptor-positive breast cancer including a small, low-grade carcinoma with OGCs, followed by early distant recurrence after surgery.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old woman presented with a palpable mass in the left breast. Imaging revealed synchronous bilateral breast tumors without evidence of nodal or distant metastasis. She underwent bilateral mastectomy and bilateral sentinel lymph node biopsy. The right breast tumor was a carcinoma with OGCs measuring 6 mm in diameter; it was estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, had a Ki-67 labeling index of 10%, was nuclear grade 1/histological grade 1, and showed no lymphovascular invasion or nodal metastasis. The left breast tumor was an invasive ductal carcinoma (so-called scirrhous type), measuring 25 mm in diameter; it was ER-positive, PgR-positive, HER2-negative, had a Ki-67 labeling index of 10%, was nuclear grade 2/histological grade 2, showed lymphatic invasion, and had an Oncotype DX recurrence score of 16. Tamoxifen was initiated. CT performed 6 months after surgery as postoperative imaging follow-up for this patient revealed multiple pulmonary nodules, and PET-CT showed pulmonary and lumbar vertebral lesions. Pathological confirmation was not performed; therefore, the precise origin could not be determined. Fulvestrant plus abemaciclib was started for clinically suspected recurrent breast cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: This case illustrates that early distant recurrence can occur in synchronous bilateral hormone receptor-positive breast cancer even when available clinicopathological and genomic findings appear relatively favorable. However, because the left conventional invasive ductal carcinoma had more plausible recurrence-risk features than the small right-sided carcinoma with OGCs, and because the metastatic lesions were not pathologically confirmed, this case should not be interpreted as evidence that the OGC-containing carcinoma caused the recurrence. Rather, it highlights the diagnostic and risk-assessment complexity of synchronous bilateral breast cancer that includes a rare stromal-rich morphological pattern.},
}

@article {pmid42578077,
year = {2026},
author = {Sarkardeh, M and Alipour, S and Omranipour, R and Asadi Kani, ZF and Khalaj, E},
title = {Dermatomyositis as a paraneoplastic sign of breast cancer: a case report and literature review.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {138},
number = {8},
pages = {2839-2844},
pmid = {42578077},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by skin and muscle involvement and is well known for its association with malignancy. Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (ADM) is a distinct subtype that presents with characteristic cutaneous manifestations in the absence of clinically significant muscle weakness, which may delay diagnosis. ADM can occur as a paraneoplastic syndrome and warrants thorough evaluation for underlying malignancy.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 39-year-old Iranian premenopausal woman presented with a one-year history of a neglected right breast mass and progressive pruritic erythematous skin lesions involving the trunk and upper extremities. Physical examination revealed no muscle weakness. Imaging demonstrated a large right breast mass with bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. Core needle biopsy confirmed grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (ER-positive, PR-positive, HER2-negative). Laboratory tests showed mild elevated inflammatory markers and muscle enzymes. Skin biopsy findings were consistent with dermatomyositis. Corticosteroid therapy was ineffective. A diagnosis of paraneoplastic clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis was established. Following initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, cutaneous lesions resolved completely after the first treatment cycle. The patient subsequently underwent surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, with no recurrence during follow-up.

DISCUSSION: DM may represent a paraneoplastic manifestation of breast cancer and poses diagnostic challenges, particularly in the absence of muscle involvement. Steroid resistance and rapid resolution following chemotherapy support a tumor-driven immune mechanism.

CONCLUSION: Early recognition of paraneoplastic ADM and prompt cancer-directed therapy are essential for optimal outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42578102,
year = {2026},
author = {Subedi, S and Ghimire, S and Regmi, S and Sherchan, R and Lakhanpal, L},
title = {Male breast carcinoma in a 45-year-old without known risk factors: case report and literature review.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {138},
number = {8},
pages = {2781-2785},
pmid = {42578102},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Male breast carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy, accounting for approximately 1% of all breast neoplasms. Most cases usually occur after the age of 60 and often present in advanced stages.

CASE PRESENTATION: This is a case report of a 45-year-old male who presented with a lump in his left breast along with left axillary lymphadenopathy, without any known risk factors. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the lesion showed malignant epithelial cells consistent with ductal carcinoma. Core needle biopsy was advised; however, the patient underwent a left modified radical mastectomy at another center. Histopathological examination confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma. He received adjuvant chemotherapy and is currently undergoing adjuvant endocrine therapy. He is now clinically stable, with no evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis 11 months after chemotherapy, and continues regular oncological follow-up.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Male breast carcinoma usually occurs in the elderly population and is frequently associated with genetic and hormonal risk factors. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, imaging, and histopathological confirmation. A brief review of previously reported cases demonstrates invasive ductal carcinoma as the most common histological subtype.

CONCLUSION: Breast carcinoma should always be considered as one of the differential diagnoses for a male breast lump. Prompt evaluation with appropriate imaging and tissue diagnosis is essential for timely management and improved outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42568384,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, H and Zeng, H and Yang, B and Ji, Y and Li, Z and Zhou, L},
title = {Spontaneous rupture of a clinically recurrent intracranial dermoid cyst: a case report and narrative review.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1776634},
pmid = {42568384},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical, pathological, and therapeutic features of spontaneous rupture of a recurrent intracranial dermoid cyst (IDC), and to summarize relevant dermoid-specific literature.

METHODS: We report a 38-year-old woman with a clinical history of resection of a left middle and posterior cranial fossa dermoid cyst more than 10 years earlier. She presented with headache and vomiting, and imaging suggested rupture of a recurrent lesion with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dissemination. Emergency microsurgical resection assisted by neuroendoscopy was performed. Six months postoperatively, she developed delayed obstructive hydrocephalus, requiring neuroendoscopic fenestration and lesion debridement. A narrative literature review of ruptured intracranial dermoid cysts (IDCs) was performed, with emphasis on lesions, dissemination patterns, hydrocephalus, treatment, and reported outcomes.

RESULTS: During the initial emergency surgery, the cyst exhibited paste-like consistency with a thickened capsule. Postoperative pathology confirmed a dermoid cyst. However, disseminated foci remained within the cerebral sulci and ventricles. The second surgery revealed multiple pearl-like lesions within the ventricular system with associated lipid leakage. Following clearance of these lesions, the hydrocephalus resolved.

CONCLUSION: Spontaneous rupture of a recurrent IDC is exceptional and may be followed by extensive ventricular dissemination and delayed hydrocephalus. This necessitates a profound understanding of the associated risks, enhanced follow-up protocols, and timely intervention.},
}

@article {pmid42566016,
year = {2026},
author = {Nagasaki, Y and Shiomi, T and Sanuki, F and Mikami, Y and Nishimura, H and Akiyama, T and Nomura, T and Taira, N and Moriya, T},
title = {Association of zinc transporter expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with breast cancer.},
journal = {Medical molecular morphology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42566016},
issn = {1860-1499},
support = {R07G002//Kawasaki Medical School/ ; },
abstract = {Zinc transporters, including ZIP6 (SLC39A6, also known as LIV-1) and ZIP10 (SLC39A10), are reportedly involved in breast cancer progression and metastasis. We aimed to clarify the association of the expression of zinc transporters with clinicopathological features and prognosis in breast cancer. We retrospectively included 200 patients who underwent surgery for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (invasive diameter ≥ 10 mm) at our institution between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2023. Immunohistochemical staining for ZIP6 and ZIP10 was performed, and their expression levels were evaluated. Survival analyses were performed by stratifying patients into four groups based on combined ZIP6 and ZIP10 expression (high/low). We found that the expression levels of ZIP6 and ZIP10 showed a statistically significant positive correlation. Low ZIP6 expression was associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, including a higher Ki-67 labeling index, higher histological grade, and larger tumor size. Although survival differences did not reach statistical significance, combined evaluation of ZIP6 and ZIP10 expression revealed distinct survival tendencies among the expression groups. These findings suggest that combined assessment of ZIP6 and ZIP10 expression may provide additional prognostic information beyond ZIP6 expression alone. Future studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up are warranted to validate these findings.},
}

@article {pmid41025403,
year = {2025},
author = {Holloway, BM and Harding, CD and DeYoung, P and Kwan, CG and Avetisyan, L and Lui, KK and Ancoli-Israel, S and Banks, SJ and Djonlagic, I and Malhotra, A},
title = {Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea is associated with worse verbal episodic memory in older females.},
journal = {Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine},
volume = {21},
number = {12},
pages = {2129-2138},
pmid = {41025403},
issn = {1550-9397},
support = {R01 HL157985/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; T32 HL166127/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL166485/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG063925/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL154926/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL148436/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Comorbidity ; *Memory Disorders ; *Memory, Episodic ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Polysomnography ; Sex Factors ; *Sleep Apnea Syndromes/complications ; *Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications ; *Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/complications/epidemiology/psychology ; },
abstract = {STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) is associated with poor verbal memory in older adults, and whether this relationship is moderated by sex.

METHODS: A total of 110 older adults aged (65-83), all diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea, completed overnight polysomnography and cognitive testing. COMISA was defined as obstructive sleep apnea plus an Insomnia Severity Index score ≥ 11. Verbal memory was assessed via the delayed recall component of the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite. Moderation analysis examined the interaction between COMISA and sex on verbal memory performance, adjusting for age, body mass index, APOE4 status, and education. Post hoc sleep architecture differences between males and females with COMISA and females with COMISA compared to obstructive sleep apnea only were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

RESULTS: COMISA was associated with significantly worse verbal memory performance, with this effect driven by females (b = -2.82, standard error = 0.94, t = -3.01, P = .003) and absent in males (b = 0.62, standard error = 0.97, t = 0.63, P = .528). Post hoc analyses revealed that females with COMISA showed reduced rapid eye movement sleep and increased slow wave sleep compared to males with COMISA.

CONCLUSIONS: COMISA is linked to sex-specific cognitive vulnerability, with older females showing worse verbal memory than males. Post hoc analyses revealed differences in sleep architecture by sex within COMISA, warranting further investigation into stage-specific sleep contributions to cognitive risk. These findings highlight the importance of sex-informed approaches to assessing and managing cognitive risk in aging populations.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov; Name: Is Obstructive Sleep Apnea Important in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease?; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05094271; Identifier: NCT05094271.

CITATION: Holloway BM, Harding CD, DeYoung P, et al. Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea is associated with worse verbal episodic memory in older females. J Clin Sleep Med. 2025;21(12):2129-2138.},
}

Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Female
Humans
Male
Comorbidity
*Memory Disorders
*Memory, Episodic
Neuropsychological Tests
Polysomnography
Sex Factors
*Sleep Apnea Syndromes/complications
*Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications
*Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/complications/epidemiology/psychology

@article {pmid42558245,
year = {2026},
author = {Yu, Q and Zhang, J and Li, H and He, K},
title = {Case Report: From standard therapy refusal to rare metastases: a case of untreated HER2-positive breast cancer progressing to brain and thyroid metastases after seven years of follow-up during which the patient received only Chinese herbal medicine.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1861088},
pmid = {42558245},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: HER2-positive breast cancer is an aggressive subtype associated with high rates of early recurrence and brain metastasis. Standard adjuvant therapy, including anti-HER2 targeted agents, significantly improves outcomes. This case illustrates the natural history of untreated HER2-positive breast cancer and documents an exceptionally rare metastatic site.

METHODS: We report a case of a 63-year-old woman with HER2-positive (3+, FISH amplified), ER-positive (80-90%), PR-negative, Ki-67 15% invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast (pT1cN2aM0, 7/12 axillary lymph nodes positive).

RESULTS: The patient refused all standard adjuvant therapies (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and anti-HER2 therapy) and opted for sole Chinese herbal medicine. After seven years of follow-up (with a disease-free interval of approximately four years, she developed a right cerebellar hemisphere metastasis (2.3×2.7 cm with extensive edema), widespread lymphadenopathy, and a pathologically confirmed thyroid metastasis-an extremely rare event in breast cancer. Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid nodule demonstrated atypical cells, and subsequent immunohistochemistry confirmed breast cancer origin (GATA3+, GCDFP-15+, HER2 3+, ER+, TTF-1-, TG-).

CONCLUSIONS: This case provides compelling in vivo evidence of the aggressive natural history of untreated HER2-positive breast cancer. The development of brain metastasis underscores the critical importance of anti-HER2 agents that penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The rare thyroid metastasis adds to the literature on unusual metastatic patterns. This report serves as a powerful warning of the consequences of abandoning evidence-based adjuvant therapy in high-risk breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid42552976,
year = {2026},
author = {Hong, DK and Jeon, S and Jo, MY and Park, SD and Choi, ID and Shim, JJ and Lee, DY and Lee, JH},
title = {Effect of HY7602-Fermented Deer Antler Extract on Selected Muscle-Related Outcomes and Fermentation-Associated Metabolomic Profiles.},
journal = {Journal of microbiology and biotechnology},
volume = {36},
number = {},
pages = {e2604018},
pmid = {42552976},
issn = {1738-8872},
mesh = {Animals ; *Antlers/chemistry ; *Deer ; Fermentation ; Metabolomics ; Male ; Double-Blind Method ; Metabolome ; Humans ; *Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Female ; Dietary Supplements ; },
abstract = {Age-related loss of muscle strength is closely associated with frailty, reduced mobility, and loss of independence. In this study, we investigated the clinical and metabolomic features of deer antler extract fermented with Latilactobacillus curvatus HY7602. A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in adults with reduced muscle function to evaluate the effects of daily intake of the fermented extract on muscle-related outcomes and functional performance. In parallel, exploratory untargeted LC-MS/MS-based metabolomic profiling was performed to examine biochemical changes during fermentation at three stages: extract (E), HY7602-supplemented extract (L), and fermented extract (F). After 12 weeks, the fermented deer antler extract group showed improvements in selected muscle-related outcomes compared with the placebo group, including bilateral and unilateral hand grip strength, right quadriceps strength, and Short Physical Performance Battery chair-stand performance. Metabolomic profiling revealed stage-dependent differences among the three preparation stages. Principal component analysis showed distinct clustering of E, L, and F, with the largest separation observed between E and F. Trajectory analysis suggested progressive changes in polyamine-related metabolites, amino acid derivatives, and γ-glutamyl peptides. Pathway analysis further indicated coordinated differences in nitrogen and amine metabolism, polyamine metabolism, glutathione-related metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and central carbon metabolism. HY7602-fermented deer antler extract may support selected strength-related outcomes in adults with reduced muscle function. Metabolomic profiling characterized the fermented product and provides a foundation for future mechanistic studies.},
}

Animals
*Antlers/chemistry
*Deer
Fermentation
Metabolomics
Male
Double-Blind Method
Metabolome
Humans
*Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Female
Dietary Supplements

@article {pmid42553962,
year = {2026},
author = {Gbenga, AS and Yunusa, R and Hamza, A and Shuaibu, LG and Muazu, J and Akinfenwa, TA and Ibrahim, Y and Ahmad, AA and Uchenna, SE and Abdulrazaq, AJ and Oluranti, MO and Adeyemi, VS},
title = {Comparative Evaluation of HER2 Overexpression in Breast Carcinoma Using Cell Blocks and Corresponding Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Blocks: A Prospective Study.},
journal = {Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association},
volume = {67},
number = {2},
pages = {509-522},
pmid = {42553962},
issn = {0300-1652},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women in Nigeria. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an important prognostic and predictive biomarker that guides targeted therapy. The tumour grade is an important prognostic factor and is also important in the treatment of patients. In a resource-limited setting, cell block cytology may serve as an alternative for initial biomarker assessment and also as an initial diagnostic tool for planning definitive management. The study aims to compare HER2 overexpression of breast carcinoma using cell blocks and corresponding paraffin wax-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks and to evaluate the concordance between both methods.

METHODOLOGY: This was a one-year prospective study involving 83 cases of breast carcinoma patients with both cell block and corresponding FFPE tissue specimens. HER2 immunohistochemistry was performed using the ASCO/CAP 2018 guideline. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Concordance was assessed using Cohen's kappa statistic. McNemar's test was used for paired comparisons.

RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was 43.1 ±13.1 years, with a peak age group of 40-49 years. IHC HER2 overexpression was done on both cell blocks and histological blocks. In cell blocks, HER2 expression showed 15 cases (18.1%), 65 cases (78.3%), 3 cases (3.6%) were positive, negative, and equivocal, respectively while from histologic tissues, 15 cases (18.1%), 63 cases (75.9%), 5 cases (6.0%) were also positive, negative and equivocal respectively. The overall concordance rate between the two methods was 93.5%, with concordance rates of 100% for HER2-positive cases, 96.9% for HER2-negative cases, and 60% for equivocal cases. Sensitivity and specificity of cell block HER2 assessment were 96.9% (95% CI: 82.9-99.9) and 100% (95% CI: 94.3-100.0), respectively. The PPV of HER2 assessment on cell block was 100.0% (95% CI: 78.2-100.0), and the NPV was 97.1% (95% CI: 89.9-99.6). The kappa coefficient for agreement was 0.935, indicating excellent agreement. McNemar's test showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.480). Equivocal (2+) cases were included without FISH confirmation. Most of the cases were invasive ductal carcinoma (NST), accounting for 97.6% (81 cases).

CONCLUSION: Cell block cytology demonstrates strong concordance with FFPE tissue for HER2 assessment and may serve as a reliable alternative for initial triaging in resource-limited settings, particularly where tissue is not readily feasible. However, confirmatory testing on tissue biopsy remains essential, particularly for equivocal cases.},
}

@article {pmid42556743,
year = {2026},
author = {Jordan, T and Liang, Y and Colón Cartagena, L and Buza, N and Krishnamurti, U and Zhan, H},
title = {Pathologic Characterization of Non-Mass Enhancement Lesions of the Breast in MRI-guided Biopsy.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106220},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106220},
pmid = {42556743},
issn = {1532-8392},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Breast MRI is widely used for screening high-risk patients and for assessing the extent of disease in patients with breast cancer. The goal of this study was to determine the pathologic findings associated with MRI-guided core needle biopsies performed for non-mass enhancement (NME) lesions of the breast.

METHODS: We retrospectively identified 270 MRI-guided core needle biopsies from 225 women performed at our institution between January 1, 2024, and Dec 30, 2025. All included cases demonstrated non-mass enhancement on MRI. Radiologic and pathologic findings were reviewed. Cases were divided into two groups: those with a recent diagnosis of ipsilateral malignancy (n = 74) and those without a recent diagnosis of malignancy (n =196).

RESULTS: Biopsies from patients with a known ipsilateral malignancy demonstrated a higher frequency of invasive carcinoma (20% vs. 7%, p = 0.003) and in situ carcinoma (27% vs. 9%, p =0.0002) compared with those without ipsilateral malignancy, and a lower frequency of benign findings (46% vs. 77%, p = 0.0001). NME-associated invasive carcinomas were predominantly well- to moderately-differentiated carcinomas (96%) and were ER-positive/HER2-negative (>90%). NME-associated DCIS were 57% high grade, 43% intermediate grade, with 36% showing an ER-negative staining.

CONCLUSION: MRI-guided biopsies for NME lesions demonstrate a significant rate of malignancy, particularly in patients with known ipsilateral breast cancer. Most NME-associated malignancies are well- to moderately-differentiated, hormone receptor-positive/HER2-negative carcinomas, while a subset of high-grade, ER-negative DCIS highlights the heterogeneous nature of these lesions.},
}

@article {pmid42557754,
year = {2026},
author = {Byun, D and Yoo, JW and Lee, J and Kim, KB and Kim, KJ and Lee, S and Woen, D and Lee, SM and Oh, K and Lee, CE and Park, WK and Ryu, JM and Lee, SK and Chae, BJ and Yu, J and Kim, SW and Nam, SJ and Lee, JE},
title = {Long-term Outcomes of Slowly Proliferating Luminal A-like Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Versus Invasive Carcinoma of No Special Type.},
journal = {Journal of breast cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4048/jbc.2026.0018},
pmid = {42557754},
issn = {1738-6756},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Long-term outcome comparisons between invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST, historically referred to as invasive ductal carcinoma) remain inconsistent, particularly in patients with low-proliferative hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2-) disease. This study evaluated the long-term outcomes of ILC and NST in a pathologically defined, low-proliferative, HR+/HER2- (luminal A-like) cohort.

METHODS: This retrospective, single-institution study included patients with HR+/HER2- breast cancer and Ki-67 ≤ 20% who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2015. Patients with mixed histopathology, those who underwent palliative surgery, or those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression. A secondary 24-month landmark analysis included patients who were alive, disease-free, under observation, and receiving endocrine therapy 24 months after surgery.

RESULTS: Among 3,439 patients, 3,156 had NST and 283 had ILC. Compared with NST, ILC was associated with a higher rate of synchronous bilateral breast cancer, a more advanced pathological stage, and a lower nuclear grade. In the comprehensive cohort, breast cancer-specific survival did not differ significantly (log-rank p = 0.081), whereas disease-free survival (DFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were worse in patients with ILC (log-rank p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). After adjustment for measured clinicopathological factors, these differences were no longer statistically significant (DFS: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91-1.79; p = 0.164; DMFS: adjusted HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.83-2.30; p = 0.210). Detailed biomarker analyses showed similarly high estrogen receptor expression in both groups and lower exact Ki-67 values in ILC. The 24-month landmark analysis revealed the same overall pattern.

CONCLUSION: In this low-proliferative HR+/HER2- cohort, ILC showed less favorable unadjusted long-term DFS and DMFS than NST, but these differences were attenuated and were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for measured clinicopathological characteristics.},
}

@article {pmid42551191,
year = {2026},
author = {Moiola, CP and Lopez-Gil, C and Rebull, M and Sotoca, A and De la Calle, I and García, Á and Denizli, M and Salazar, L and van der Vleuten, M and Bebia, V and Tubita, V and Groothuis, P and Gil-Moreno, A and Colas, E},
title = {A mouse PDX clinical trial reveals broad efficacy of niraparib and vc-seco-DUBA anti-HER2 ADC SYD985 in HER2/neu expressing endometrial cancer.},
journal = {Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie},
volume = {202},
number = {},
pages = {119830},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2026.119830},
pmid = {42551191},
issn = {1950-6007},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Advanced and recurrent high-risk endometrial cancer (EC) frequently develops resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy, leaving patients with limited therapeutic options. Recent studies have shown that HER2 expression spans a broad spectrum of endometrial cancers, extending beyond HER2-amplified tumors, while functional homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) represents an additional therapeutic vulnerability in a substantial subset of cases. We hypothesized that combining the PARP inhibitor niraparib with the HER2-directed antibody-drug conjugate SYD985 (trastuzumab duocarmazine) could simultaneously exploit both therapeutic vulnerabilities and improve antitumor activity across molecularly diverse high-risk EC.

METHODS: A Mouse Clinical Trial (MCT) was conducted using a panel of 15 genomically and molecularly characterized patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models representing all TCGA molecular subtypes of high-risk EC. Animals were randomized to receive vehicle, SYD985 (1 mg/kg, intravenous), niraparib (40-50 mg/kg, oral), the combination, or a control antibody-drug conjugate (SYD989). Antitumor efficacy was assessed by tumor growth, objective response rate, and overall survival. Whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were integrated to identify molecular determinants of treatment response.

RESULTS: Genomic profiling confirmed faithful representation of all TCGA molecular subtypes and identified Mutational Signature 3 in HCN tumors, supporting the presence of functional HRD independently of canonical BRCA1/2 alterations. The combination of niraparib and SYD985 achieved a 60% complete response rate and an 87% overall objective response rate, outperforming both monotherapies across the entire panel, including HER2-low (IHC 1 +) tumors (83.3% objective response rate). Baseline transcriptomic profiling identified reduced Wnt signaling activity as a molecular feature associated with response to niraparib, whereas activation of the HER2/PI3K/AKT, RAS/MAPK, and JAK-STAT pathways characterized tumors responsive to SYD985 irrespective of HER2 amplification status. Tumors responding to the combination therapy exhibited convergence of these transcriptomic features, supporting complementary mechanisms underlying the enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

CONCLUSION: The combination of niraparib and SYD985 demonstrated broad antitumor activity across the molecular landscape of high-risk EC, including the clinically prevalent HER2-low population. These findings provide a strong preclinical rationale for the clinical evaluation of this chemotherapy-free targeted strategy.},
}

@article {pmid42547539,
year = {2026},
author = {Ditonno, F and Veccia, A and Bernardino, RM and Brunelli, M and Cindolo, L and Ferrari, G and Falagario, U and Nguyen, JK and Autorino, R and Bertolo, R and Antonelli, A},
title = {Prognostic value of cribriform pattern and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate after radical prostatectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis using contemporary consensus recommendations.},
journal = {Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42547539},
issn = {1476-5608},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cribriform pattern (CP) and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) are recognised as adverse histopathological markers. However, their precise prognostic weight in the post-radical prostatectomy (RP) setting remains poorly standardised. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the association between CP/IDC-P and biochemical recurrence (BCR).

METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for studies published from 2016 onwards, coinciding with the 2016 WHO and subsequent ISUP consensus recommendations. The primary endpoint was BCR. Hazard ratios (HR) were synthesised using random-effects models with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation.

RESULTS: Eight retrospective studies were eligible for quantitative synthesis. The cumulative prevalence of CP/IDC-P was 27%. On univariable analysis, CP/IDC-P was significantly associated with BCR (HR: 2.76; 95% CI: 2.23-3.41). This association remained robust in multivariable models adjusting for pathological stage and Grade Group (HR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.44-4.67) and CAPRA-based preoperative frameworks (HR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.03-3.08). Isolated CP demonstrated a more stable prognostic signal (HR: 3.16) compared to IDC-P (HR: 4.24), the latter being characterised by wider prediction intervals. The main limitations include the retrospective nature of primary studies and the inherent risk of confounding.

CONCLUSIONS: CP and IDC-P are potent, independent predictors of BCR following RP. These findings support the mandatory reporting of such architectures according to ISUP standards and their integration into contemporary post-surgical risk-stratification algorithms to optimise follow-up and adjuvant therapy selection.},
}

@article {pmid42548369,
year = {2026},
author = {Bennji, SM and Allwood, B and Jayakrishnan, B and Al-Riyami, AB and Yahya, I and Al-Baimani, K and Basuoni, A},
title = {A 48-Year-Old Woman With Shortness of Breath and a Recent Diagnosis of Breast Cancer.},
journal = {CHEST pulmonary},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {100226},
pmid = {42548369},
issn = {2949-7892},
abstract = {A 48-year-old perimenopausal woman presented to our hospital in May 2024 with New York Heart Association functional class III dyspnea and a dry cough. Her symptoms had been ongoing for several months but worsened significantly in the weeks before admission. She reported fatigue but denied other constitutional symptoms such as fever, weight loss, or night sweats. There was no orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and she was not taking any medications at the time. She had recently been diagnosed with treatment naïve de novo metastatic left breast cancer, stage cT4bN3cM1, with metastasis to the lungs, liver, bilateral ovaries, and bones. The pathology confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma, grade 1, with estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positivity and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative status. On presentation, she had not yet received any cancer treatment.},
}

@article {pmid42540619,
year = {2026},
author = {Valls-Chiva, A and Hornos, F and Hueso, JL and Martín-Pardillos, A and Santamaria, J},
title = {Immobilization of glucose oxidase and catalase on magnetite nanoparticles as functional catalyst supports.},
journal = {Journal of materials chemistry. C},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42540619},
issn = {2050-7526},
abstract = {In this work, we have prepared magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with polyethylenimine (PEI) to obtain a positively charged surface and showed their suitability as functional supports to successfully immobilize glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase (CAT) enzymes. We have compared two immobilization strategies, namely electrostatic binding and covalent attachment mediated by glutaraldehyde cross-linking. To quantify the amount of immobilized enzyme (q max), we have developed a methodological approach that minimizes the dependence of the q max value on the equilibrium constant of the adsorption process (K). Catalytic studies showed high retention of enzymatic activity (100% for covalent binding and 75% for electrostatic binding), indicating that the immobilization protocol preserves the native conformation of the enzyme. Furthermore, the covalent strategy demonstrated stable binding even when the nanohybrid was subjected to extreme conditions (pH 3), retaining 91% of the enzyme on the surface, compared to 6% when immobilized electrostatically. These results highlight the importance of surface engineering in the design of magnetic biocatalysts for potential application in starvation or oxygen generation therapies.},
}

@article {pmid42538174,
year = {2026},
author = {Antar, RM and Xu, VE and Azar, WS and Mendhiratta, N and Whalen, MJ},
title = {Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate does not independently predict adverse outcomes after radical prostatectomy: A National Cancer Database analysis.},
journal = {Urologic oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.urolonc.2026.07.012},
pmid = {42538174},
issn = {1873-2496},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is associated with adverse features, yet whether it independently predicts poor outcomes or merely co-segregates with high-grade disease remains unresolved. We evaluated IDC-P's independent prognostic contribution to adverse pathology after radical prostatectomy (RP).

METHODS: We utilized the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to evaluate patients with cT1-4N0M0 prostate cancer (CaP) that underwent RP (n = 551,304 adenocarcinoma; n = 1,353 IDC-P). Temporal trends in IDC-P incidence were assessed by logistic regression. A restricted analytic cohort (n = 98 IDC-P, n = 14,628 adenocarcinoma) with complete Gleason Grade Group and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) data was used for multivariable logistic regression evaluating predictors of adverse pathology (≥pT3, ≥pN1, or positive surgical margins). Model discrimination was compared using C-statistics and likelihood ratio testing. Unadjusted overall survival (OS) was performed by an exploratory Kaplan-Meier analysis.

RESULTS: IDC-P incidence increased 6% annually (OR 1.060; P < 0.001). IDC-P patients more frequently harbored Gleason Grade Group 4 to 5 disease (66.4% vs. 26.5%), ≥pT3 pathology (75.5% vs. 55.3%), and positive surgical margins (44.9% vs. 35.4%; all P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, IDC-P histology did not independently predict adverse pathology (aOR 1.066; P = 0.801). Adding IDC-P did not improve model discrimination (C-statistic 0.705 vs. 0.705; likelihood ratio P = 0.800). IDC-P patients had worse unadjusted median OS (183.0 vs. 197.6 months; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: IDC-P is rising in incidence and strongly associated with high-grade, advanced-stage disease, but does not independently predict adverse pathologic outcomes at RP after adjustment for Gleason Grade Group, clinical stage, and PSA. These findings suggest IDC-P may function primarily as a as a surrogate marker of aggressive disease biology.},
}

@article {pmid42539508,
year = {2026},
author = {Brugés, R and Ramos, P and Lombana, M and Osma, A and Llinás, N and Cuello, J and Yepes, A and Manneh, R and Coronel, A and Granadillo, R and López, C and Osorio, Á and Santa, D and Arango, N and Mantilla, W and Gómez, D},
title = {Molecular testing, first-line treatment patterns, and survival in metastatic Colombian non-small cell lung cancer: the RECAPC multicenter registry.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1863940},
doi = {10.3389/fonc.2026.1863940},
pmid = {42539508},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Molecular profiling and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status guide first-line treatment selection in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, yet real-world testing, treatment delivery, and documentation vary across health systems. We described molecular testing documentation, first-line treatment patterns, safety capture, and survival outcomes in a Colombian multicenter registry cohort.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective registry-based cohort study using the RECAPC central repository. Data extraction was finalized on October 10, 2025 (registry cutoff). The analytic cohort included patients with metastatic-at-diagnosis disease. Driver status was summarized using a prespecified mutually exclusive cascade (EGFR/ALK altered; Other actionable altered; no driver detected; not tested/unknown). First-line treatment was classified into five categories. Overall survival was estimated with Kaplan-Meier methods and modeled using Cox regression. Safety variables were obtained as binary indicators by treatment line.

RESULTS: The cohort included 585 patients; mean age was 72.0 years and 52.0% were female. Driver groups were EGFR/ALK altered (32.8%), Other actionable altered (4.6%), no driver detected (15.0%), and not tested/unknown (47.5%). First-line therapy was chemotherapy alone (34.4%), chemo-immunotherapy (21.0%), immunotherapy alone (3.9%), targeted therapy (26.7%), and not reported (14.0%). PD-L1 expression was <1% in 149 patients (25.5%), 1-49% in 119 (20.3%), and ≥50% in 74 (12.6%); testing was not performed in 156 (26.7%), and data were missing in 87 (14.9%). Among 342 patients with an interpretable PD-L1 result, 193 (56.4%) had PD-L1 ≥1% and 74 (21.6%) had PD-L1 ≥50%. Overall survival was evaluable in 490 patients with 229 deaths; median follow-up was 34.99 months. Survival differed by driver group (log-rank P < 0.001). In adjusted analyses, not tested/unknown remained associated with higher mortality versus EGFR/ALK altered (hazard ratio 2.26; 95% CI, 1.62-3.16; P < 0.001). Age, expressed per 10-year increase, was also associated with mortality (hazard ratio 1.28; 95% CI, 1.10-1.48; P < 0.001), as was ECOG performance status 2 (hazard ratio 1.76; 95% CI, 1.10-2.81; P = 0.02). No PD-L1 category was independently associated with overall survival relative to <1%. A single cutaneous adverse event was recorded in one patient receiving targeted therapy.

CONCLUSIONS: In this Colombian registry cohort, incomplete molecular characterization and missing first-line regimen documentation were common. In this setting, missing regimen data likely reflect both incomplete capture and discontinuities across care pathways. Findings should be interpreted as observational associations rather than causal effects.},
}

@article {pmid42528631,
year = {2026},
author = {Lv, L and Wang, X and Zhu, X},
title = {Case Report: Colonic metastasis from mixed breast carcinoma masquerading as abemaciclib-associated diarrhea.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1802301},
pmid = {42528631},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) demonstrates a distinctive propensity for gastrointestinal metastasis that differs from invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). In mixed breast carcinomas, intratumoral heterogeneity poses challenges for disease surveillance and treatment assessment. Moreover, gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors, such as abemaciclib, may lead to diagnostic overshadowing, potentially delaying recognition of metastatic disease.

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 68-year-old woman with mixed IDC and ILC underwent mastectomy following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Histopathological evaluation revealed significant heterogeneity, with a luminal A IDC component and a triple-negative ILC component, the latter involving axillary lymph node metastases. During treatment with letrozole and abemaciclib, the patient developed progressive abdominal pain accompanied by rising carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, which were initially attributed to treatment-related toxicity. While bone metastases with a luminal phenotype remained radiographically stable, colonoscopy revealed an obstructing lesion in the descending colon. Biopsy confirmed metastatic carcinoma with a triple-negative profile (GATA3-positive, CDX2-negative), consistent with the primary ILC component and distinct from the bone metastases.

CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights that persistent or evolving gastrointestinal symptoms during CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy warrant thorough evaluation for metastatic disease, particularly in patients with ILC. It also suggests that aggressive minor components in mixed tumors may have important clinical and prognostic implications. It emphasizes the importance of re-biopsy to identify phenotypic discordance and current therapeutic targets, informing timely and appropriate modifications to the treatment strategy.},
}

@article {pmid42534711,
year = {2026},
author = {Tsilingiris, D and Schmalzridt, D and Eldesouky, O and Kalb, F and Flegka, V and von Rauchhaupt, E and Hoefer, T and Kopf, S and Fleming, T and Herzig, S and Hohneck, A and Szendroedi, J and Kender, Z},
title = {Reduced heart rate variability predicts incident diabetic polyneuropathy.},
journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1880532},
pmid = {42534711},
issn = {1664-2392},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Diabetic Neuropathies/epidemiology/physiopathology/diagnosis/etiology ; *Heart Rate/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Male ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/physiopathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Aged ; Incidence ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine whether cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) and reduced heart rate variability (HRV) predict the development of distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN) in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM).

METHODS: A total of 288 individuals with DM (mean age 58.1 ± 13.4 years, 41.3% women, 78.5% with type 2 diabetes) underwent baseline assessment of CAN using cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests and HRV indices (CVRR, rMSSD, high- and low-frequency power). DSPN was characterized using three definitions: (i) clinical criteria based on symptoms and signs, (ii) the sensory-loss phenotype derived from quantitative sensory testing, and (iii) the Toronto consensus definition requiring abnormal nerve conduction plus symptoms or signs. A total of 194 participants without DSPN at baseline were followed for 3.0 ± 1.3 years to assess incident DSPN.

RESULTS: At baseline, CAN prevalence was 16.3%, and low HRV indices were present in 18.6-40.2% of participants. DSPN prevalence was 27.7%, 17.6%, and 20.8% for definitions (i), (ii), and (iii), respectively. Cross-sectionally, CAN and reduced HRV were associated with DSPN (unadjusted ORs 1.8-4.0), with associations largely persisting after adjustment. Incident DSPN occurred at 8.4, 5.7, and 3.3 per 100 person-years. Baseline CAN independently predicted incident DSPN (adjusted HRs 6.20, 3.30, and 7.33 across definitions). Lower rMSSD, HF power, and LF power predicted incident DSPN according to definitions (i) and (iii), whereas reduced CVRR predicted DSPN defined by criteria (ii).

CONCLUSIONS: Established CAN is a strong predictor of future DSPN. Reduced HRV provides a practical, accessible alternative marker for identifying individuals at elevated neuropathy risk.},
}

Humans
Female
*Diabetic Neuropathies/epidemiology/physiopathology/diagnosis/etiology
*Heart Rate/physiology
Middle Aged
Male
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/physiopathology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Aged
Incidence
Prognosis

@article {pmid42535126,
year = {2026},
author = {Asaka, Y and Kinoshita, H and Matsuda, H and Henmi, S and Kikukawa, Y and Gose, A and Nishimoto, M and Kochi, A and Watanabe, C and Takada, K and Tauchi, Y and Ogisawa, K and Morisaki, T and Kohashi, K and Kashiwagi, S},
title = {Improvement of Suspected Paraneoplastic Large-Vessel Vasculitis after Breast Cancer Resection: A Case Report.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42535126},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Paraneoplastic vasculitis is an uncommon manifestation of malignancy and has been reported mainly in association with lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and hematologic malignancies. Breast cancer-associated vasculitis is rare, and presentation as large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) is particularly uncommon. We report a rare case of suspected paraneoplastic LVV occurring concurrently with breast cancer, in which inflammatory activity stabilized after surgical resection of the primary tumor.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 54-year-old woman presented with pain in the left upper limb and left thigh. CT suggested left breast cancer with ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis. PET/CT showed fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the left breast lesion and left axillary lymph node, as well as in multiple large vessels, including the carotid arteries, subclavian arteries, aorta, iliac arteries, and femoral arteries. Laboratory testing revealed an elevated C-reactive protein level of 10.93 mg/dL, whereas immunoglobulin A and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were within the normal ranges. There was no evidence of infection, autoimmune disease, or drug-induced vasculitis. Because breast cancer-associated paraneoplastic LVV was suspected, prednisolone was initiated at 30 mg/day, resulting in rapid improvement in symptoms and inflammatory response. The patient subsequently underwent breast-conserving surgery with axillary lymph node dissection while receiving prednisolone at 15 mg/day. Pathological examination revealed invasive ductal carcinoma, pT1c pN1 cM0, stage IIA, luminal A subtype. After surgery, prednisolone was tapered to 5 mg/day without recurrence of vasculitis, and inflammatory activity remained controlled during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS: LVV occurring concurrently with newly diagnosed breast cancer may represent a paraneoplastic manifestation after exclusion of autoimmune, infectious, and drug-induced causes. This case suggests that tumor resection may contribute to stabilization of inflammatory activity by reducing tumor-related antigenic or cytokine-mediated stimulation. Surgical treatment may therefore have a potential role not only in local oncological control but also in the management of paraneoplastic immune dysregulation in selected patients with resectable breast cancer.},
}

@article {pmid42537042,
year = {2026},
author = {Morais, JE and Barbosa, TM},
title = {Why Swimmers Go Faster: Discriminating Swimming Velocity Using Propulsive Force and Arms Coordination.},
journal = {Journal of strength and conditioning research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1519/JSC.0000000000005634},
pmid = {42537042},
issn = {1533-4287},
support = {UID/06157/2025//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; },
abstract = {Morais, JE and Barbosa, TM. Why swimmers go faster: Discriminating swimming velocity using propulsive force and arms coordination. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2026-The aim of this study was to determine whether propulsive force (PF) was associated with changes in the index of coordination (IdC) and whether both metrics were associated with swimming velocity in the front crawl stroke. The sample comprised 12 swimmers (9 males and 3 females) with an average age of 17.5 ± 1.2 years. Two swimming paces were considered: 200- and 50-m (all-out) paces. A univariate general linear model was used to examine the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variables, and effect sizes (Cohen's d and eta square-η2) were also calculated. Swimming velocity (p < 0.001, d = 2.02) and PF (p < 0.001, d = 1.71) increased between 200- and 50-m pace. The IdC changed between paces (p < 0.001, d = 3.16), shifting from a catch-up to superposition mode. The IdC model retained the PF as a predictor (p = 0.026, η2 = 0.21). The swimming velocity model retained the PF (p = 0.004, η2 = 0.35) and IdC (p = 0.050, η2 = 0.18) as predictors. Altogether, these findings indicate that greater PF and a superposition IdC were responsible for the fastest velocities. Coaches and researchers should be aware that increasing PF will promote a change in the swimmers' IdC (less time between propulsive phases), ultimately allowing swimmers to achieve the fastest velocities.},
}

@article {pmid42537354,
year = {2026},
author = {Yan, X and Zhang, X and Ye, X and Chen, J and Wang, T and Du, M and Bai, H},
title = {Prioritizing harm reduction in instant delivery crashes: Predictors of pedestrian injury severity and targeted interventions.},
journal = {Injury},
volume = {57},
number = {10},
pages = {113533},
doi = {10.1016/j.injury.2026.113533},
pmid = {42537354},
issn = {1879-0267},
abstract = {Instant delivery crashes (IDCs) pose a growing public health challenge. Standard crash databases rarely capture the fine-grained variables necessary to model severe pedestrian disability. To address this gap, we analyzed a sample of 732 adjudicated court verdicts involving pedestrian-IDC collisions. This specific data source captures a highly selected subset of litigated, severe events rather than the broader crash population. We applied a Hierarchical Generalized Ordered Probit (HGOP) model. This framework accommodates the ordinal nature of disability grades and unobserved age-related heterogeneity. To achieve model convergence, we consolidated fatalities and severe disabilities into a single highest-severity category. Our modeling reveals that older pedestrian age (65-74 years) and motorbike involvement strongly predict higher-grade disability. Conversely, female pedestrians and winter conditions correlate with lower injury severity. We also identified a negative monotonic association between rider liability and pedestrian injury grade. As legal rider responsibility increased, the predicted severity of pedestrian injuries systematically decreased. Lacking direct kinematic data, we hypothesize this liability association reflects distinct conflict typologies rather than direct physical causation. Translating these findings into effective harm reduction requires a two-tiered approach. Our statistical estimates directly support physical interventions, including age-proofed infrastructure and targeted motorbike regulations. Simultaneously, our descriptive behavioral data align with existing literature to advocate for platform governance reforms addressing algorithmic deadlines. Ultimately, these observational findings carry strict inferential boundaries. They apply exclusively to litigated crash populations and highlight the critical need for integrated clinical and kinetic data in future research.},
}

@article {pmid42527787,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, B},
title = {A Bounded Public DICOM Metadata Audit for UDI-DICOM Evidence Readiness in Medical Imaging Workflows.},
journal = {Journal of imaging informatics in medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42527787},
issn = {2948-2933},
abstract = {The objective of this study is to assess whether selected public Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) archive series contain archive-observable equipment-identity and Unique Device Identification (UDI)-related metadata needed for a bounded UDI-DICOM evidence-readiness workflow. We performed a metadata-only audit of DICOM headers without loading Pixel Data. The inferential unit was the selected public series, not each instance. The primary Imaging Data Commons (IDC) sample used one selected public series per successful collection, yielding 442 readable instances across 12 selected series. A supplementary sample from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) added one selected TCGA-BRCA MR series with 49 readable instances. Synthetic controls, local Orthanc/DICOMweb metadata retrieval, and a Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) publication view tested covered software routes. At the selected-series level, a covered standard UDI-related signal was observed in 0/12 IDC series and 0/1 TCIA series. Within scanned records, manufacturer/model appeared in 442/442 IDC and 49/49 TCIA records; serial number appeared in 246/442 IDC and 0/49 TCIA records. Unique Device Identifier, UDI Sequence, and contributing-equipment UDI signal were 0/442 in IDC and 0/49 in TCIA. Synthetic controls detected covered UDI patterns; Orthanc/FHIR local round-trips passed. Basic equipment descriptors were available in selected public archive series, but no covered standard UDI-related signal was observed in the covered standard fields and sequence paths. The result is descriptive and may reflect de-identification, export, curation, or acquisition-era effects; it is not clinical, regulatory, real-device, or deployment validation.},
}

@article {pmid42528050,
year = {2026},
author = {Vazquez de Santos, M and Weber, T and Rand, F and Montgomery, A and Dale, P},
title = {Longitudinal Patient-Reported Outcomes and Early Provider-Rated Cosmetic Associations Following Intraoperative Radiation Therapy in Early-Stage Breast Cancer.},
journal = {The American surgeon},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {31348261472846},
doi = {10.1177/00031348261472846},
pmid = {42528050},
issn = {1555-9823},
abstract = {BackgroundIntraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) is an accepted alternative to whole-breast irradiation for select patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery. While oncologic and cosmetic outcomes have been well described, longitudinal psychosocial outcomes and their relationship to cosmetic recovery remain incompletely characterized.MethodsWe conducted a prospective single-center cohort study of women with early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma undergoing lumpectomy with IORT between 2019 and 2025. Participants completed the externally validated Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast (FACT-B version 4) questionnaire preoperatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Cosmetic outcomes were independently assessed by both patients and surgeons. Associations between scar appearance and well-being domains were evaluated using non-parametric correlation analysis.Results94 patients underwent IORT, with 88 (92.6%) completing at least one postoperative survey. Overall quality of life scores remained stable over time, with a modest improvement in emotional well-being at 12 months (mean change +1.68, 95% CI 0.45-2.91). No statistically significant changes were observed in physical, social, or functional domains. Patient-reported scar scores demonstrated transient worsening at 6 months with return toward baseline by 12 months, while provider-rated scar scores improved over time. At 6 months, worse provider-rated scar appearance was associated with lower physical (r = -0.403, P = 0.050) and social well-being (r = -0.441, P = 0.033).ConclusionsPatient-reported quality of life remained stable following IORT, with modest improvement in emotional well-being. Early provider-rated cosmetic appearance demonstrated meaningful associations with physical and social well-being during survivorship, suggesting clinician-assessed cosmetic recovery may provide additional insights into postoperative recovery beyond self-assessment. These findings are descriptive and hypothesis-generating and warrant confirmation in comparative studies.},
}

@article {pmid42521593,
year = {2026},
author = {Gendler, S and Sarfaty, E and Talmy, T and , and Givon, A and Schrier, I},
title = {Abdominal trauma and laparotomy in wartime civilian and military casualties: A National Registry Study.},
journal = {Injury},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {113535},
doi = {10.1016/j.injury.2026.113535},
pmid = {42521593},
issn = {1879-0267},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Combat-related abdominal trauma remains a major challenge in modern warfare, typically resulting from high-energy penetrating injuries. Studying injury patterns provides insight into surgical decision-making. This study aimed to characterize abdominal trauma sustained during the conflict and identify predictors for laparotomy.

METHODS: Retrospective nationwide cohort study was conducted using the Israeli National Trauma Registry. Patients with abdominal trauma between October 7, 2023, and May 31, 2024, during the Swords of Iron War were included and classified into laparotomy and non-laparotomy groups. Military and civilian casualties were compared. The primary outcome was mortality; secondary outcomes included ICU admission and rehabilitation discharge. A multivariable regression model was constructed to identify variables associated with the need for laparotomy.

RESULTS: Of 2422 trauma patients, 561 (23%) sustained abdominal injuries, and 140 (25%) underwent laparotomy. Compared with non-laparotomy patients, laparotomy patients had higher rates of penetrating trauma (92.1% vs 84.6%, p = 0.030), hypotension (16.2% vs 1.5%, p < 0.001), and Injury Severity Score >25 (46.4% vs 13%, p < 0.001). Mortality was higher in the laparotomy group (7.9% vs 2.4%, p = 0.007). Multivariable regression identified increasing injury severity, small bowel injury (OR 7.08, 95% CI 3.66-14.05), colon injury (OR 6.10, 95% CI 3.00-12.92), liver injury (OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.69-7.66), and retroperitoneal hemorrhage (OR 5.26, 95% CI 2.11-14.26) as independent variables associated with undergoing laparotomy. In univariable analyses among laparotomy patients, abdominal vascular injury was associated with mortality (OR 4.69, 95% CI 1.22-18.07), while ISS >=16 (OR 7.54, 95% CI 2.75-20.68), abdominal vascular injury (OR 11.81, 95% CI 1.52-91.59) and colonic injury (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.17-5.31) were associated with ICU admission.

CONCLUSION: In this cohort of modern warfare casualties, abdominal trauma was common, and one-quarter of these patients required laparotomy. Despite high injury severity, in-hospital mortality remained relatively low. Small bowel, colonic, liver, and retroperitoneal injuries, together with increasing injury severity, were independently associated with the need for laparotomy. These findings underscore the surgical burden of abdominal trauma in conflict and may help guide triage and management in both military and civilian trauma systems.},
}

@article {pmid42526270,
year = {2026},
author = {Mohakud, S and Pavithra, S and Naik, S and Mishra, P and Muduly, DK and Kumar, P and Majumdar, SKD and Bhaduri, S and Swain, PK and Korrapati, B},
title = {Evaluating the utility of qualitative and quantitative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in distinguishing luminal and nonluminal breast cancer subtypes.},
journal = {Clinical radiology},
volume = {100},
number = {},
pages = {107426},
doi = {10.1016/j.crad.2026.107426},
pmid = {42526270},
issn = {1365-229X},
abstract = {AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of multiparametric breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters to noninvasively distinguish luminal and nonluminal subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective single-centre study included 102 newly diagnosed cases of breast IDC who underwent 3T multiparametric MRI. They were categorised into luminal (A and B subtypes) and nonluminal (HER2-enriched and triple-negative subtypes) groups based on immunohistochemistry. MRI included T1WI, T2WI, subtraction images, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and MR spectroscopy (MRS). Morphological, semiquantitative, and quantitative DCE parameters, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, and the MRS choline peak were studied. Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and logistic regression.

RESULTS: Forty-eight (47.1%) patients had luminal and 54 (52.9%) had nonluminal tumours. Luminal tumours were usually irregular with spiculated margins and heterogeneous enhancement, while nonluminal tumours showed circumscribed margins, rim enhancement, perilesional oedema, and axillary lymphadenopathy. Nonluminal tumours demonstrated higher Ktrans, signal enhancement ratio (SER), and maximum slope of increase values, lower Ve and ADC values, and a more frequent choline peak. On multivariate regression, perilesional oedema (odds ratio [OR]: 6.7), low Ve (OR: 0.032), and high SER (OR: 1.046) were independent predictors of the nonluminal subtype, and together they achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 (confidence interval 95%), with a sensitivity of 87%, and a specificity of 86%.

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the potential utility of multiparametric MRI in providing noninvasive markers for distinguishing luminal from nonluminal breast cancers, supporting its role as an adjunct to histopathology for personalised treatment and prognostication.; however, external validation is required before clinical implementation.},
}

@article {pmid42527070,
year = {2026},
author = {Chung, Y and Kim, HS and DO, SI},
title = {Aberrant E-cadherin Expression in Invasive Ductal and Mixed Ductal-Lobular Breast Carcinomas.},
journal = {Anticancer research},
volume = {46},
number = {8},
pages = {4345-4356},
doi = {10.21873/anticanres.18292},
pmid = {42527070},
issn = {1791-7530},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cadherins/metabolism ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Aged ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Adult ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: Loss of E-cadherin expression is a hallmark of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast, whereas invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and mixed ductal-lobular carcinoma (MDLC) show heterogeneous expression patterns. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate aberrant E-cadherin expression in IDC and MDLC and to assess its clinicopathological significance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin was performed in 47 IDC and 32 MDLC cases. Aberrant expression was defined as any of the following: non-classical membranous patterns (fragmented, focal, beaded, or weak), complete loss of membranous staining, or ectopic cytoplasmic/nuclear localization. For each case, the proportion of tumor area showing aberrant E-cadherin expression was quantified and correlated with clinicopathological parameters.

RESULTS: In IDC and MDLC, the optimal cutoff value for high aberrant E-cadherin expression was 30%, yielding the highest Youden index (0.264), with a sensitivity of 0.500 and specificity of 0.764. High aberrant E-cadherin expression was observed in 25 tumors (31.6%) and was significantly associated with larger tumor size (p=0.005) and lymph node metastasis (p=0.040).

CONCLUSION: A high proportion of aberrant E-cadherin expression is associated with aggressive clinicopathological features - including increased tumor size and lymph node metastasis - in IDC and MDLC. However, as it did not remain an independent predictor in multivariate analysis, its quantitative assessment may serve as a supplementary indicator of tumor aggressiveness rather than an independent prognostic marker, and further large-scale studies are required for validation.},
}

Humans
*Cadherins/metabolism
Female
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/metabolism
Middle Aged
Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
Aged
Lymphatic Metastasis
Immunohistochemistry
Adult
Neoplasm Invasiveness

@article {pmid42507028,
year = {2026},
author = {Schwartz, AM and Loving, VA},
title = {Paget Disease of the Breast: MR Imaging Findings with Clinical and Pathologic Correlation.},
journal = {Journal of breast imaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jbi/wbag044},
pmid = {42507028},
issn = {2631-6129},
}

@article {pmid42515085,
year = {2026},
author = {Saeed, U and Uppal, R and Zaman, G and Uppal, MR and Szepesváry, ZJ and Khan, AA and Qamar, MU and Ali, Z and Piracha, ZZ},
title = {Fosfomycin Resistance Dynamics in Major Uropathogens: A 2013-2025 Integrated Disease Surveillance of Multidrug-Resistant, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing, Non-Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase, and Enterococcal Urinary Isolates.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens15070758},
pmid = {42515085},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {Urinary tract infections are among the most common bacterial infections encountered in clinical practice, with Escherichia coli representing the dominant urinary pathogen. Increasing detection of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing uropathogens has narrowed empirical treatment options and renewed interest in fosfomycin. However, local long-term surveillance data on fosfomycin susceptibility remain limited in Pakistan. This study evaluated temporal changes in major urinary isolate categories and fosfomycin susceptibility patterns within a diagnostic laboratory network in Pakistan from 2013 to 2025. An exploratory molecular sub-analysis was also performed to assess selected resistance-associated transcript patterns in archived fosfomycin-susceptible and fosfomycin-resistant isolates. A retrospective laboratory-based, isolate-level analysis was conducted using anonymized urine culture records. The source database included 34,230 urine sample records, from which eligible culture-positive urinary isolates with required organism classification and fosfomycin susceptibility data were included in the final analytical dataset. Analyses were performed across predefined mutually exclusive study intervals. Organism categories included non-ESBL E. coli, ESBL-producing E. coli, laboratory-coded ESBL E. coli 24 variant, Klebsiella spp., and Enterococcus spp. The ESBL E. coli 24 variant was treated as a laboratory reporting category, not as a genomically confirmed clone or sequence type. Fosfomycin resistance was evaluated using interval-based comparisons and odds ratios. A selected subset of 24 archived isolates, including fosfomycin-susceptible and fosfomycin-resistant E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, was analyzed by RT-qPCR for glpT, uhpT, murA, fosA, fosA3, and blaCTX-M transcript abundance. The final isolate-level analytical dataset included 17,978 eligible urinary isolates. Among urine records with available sex data, female-associated records represented the majority throughout the study period, but this finding reflects laboratory record distribution rather than patient-level UTI prevalence. E. coli remained the predominant urinary isolate category. Non-ESBL E. coli declined across study intervals, whereas ESBL-associated E. coli categories represented a larger proportion of isolates in later years. The laboratory-coded ESBL E. coli 24 variant increased in later intervals, although this finding requires cautious interpretation because confirmatory molecular typing was not performed. Fosfomycin resistance showed a non-linear temporal pattern: resistance decreased from the early to the middle interval and then increased markedly to 23.8% during 2021-2025, while susceptibility declined to 60.6% in the same interval. Compared with the middle interval, isolates from 2021-2025 had higher odds of fosfomycin resistance (OR = 3.64, 95% CI: 3.23-4.12; p < 0.001). In the exploratory molecular subset, resistant isolates showed lower transcript abundance of selected uptake-associated genes, particularly glpT and uhpT, and higher expression of selected fosfomycin- and ESBL-associated genes, including fosA, fosA3, and blaCTX-M. These findings represent transcriptional associations in selected isolates and do not establish definitive resistance mechanisms. Urinary isolates in this diagnostic-network dataset showed a temporal shift toward greater representation of laboratory-reported ESBL-associated E. coli categories and a marked increase in fosfomycin resistance during 2021-2025. The findings support continued local surveillance of urinary pathogens and periodic reassessment of fosfomycin susceptibility for antimicrobial-stewardship guidance. The molecular findings should be interpreted as exploratory transcriptional observations because they were based on a small selected isolate subset and were not supported by genomic, mutational, uptake, or functional validation.},
}

@article {pmid42501315,
year = {2026},
author = {Aftab, A and Ahmad, B and Bashir, S and Mansoor, Q and Hussain, HMJ},
title = {Microfluidic synthesised PEGylated ascorbic acid-conjugated silver nanocarriers effectively downregulate oncogenes in invasive ductal carcinoma cells.},
journal = {Journal of microencapsulation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-22},
doi = {10.1080/02652048.2026.2704961},
pmid = {42501315},
issn = {1464-5246},
abstract = {AIM: We aim to formulate highly stabilised nanocarriers for the downregulation of oncogenes in IDC cells.

METHODS: A microfluidic system was operated for the synthesis of silver-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (AgTPP-NPs) functionalised with polyethylene-glycol (PEG). They were characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy, DLS, SEM, FTIR, and EDX. Biological evaluation included DPPH, MTT, clonogenesis, qRT-PCR, and western blot against MCF and MDA-MB-231.

RESULTS: AgTPP-NPs remained stable for 24 months, and particle size increased slightly from 78 ± 22nm to 88 ± 18nm over this period. PEGylation resulted in tuned (64 ± 15 nm) PEGylated ascorbic acid-conjugated-AgTPP (PAAT) nanocarriers, which have a significant (p < 0.0001) antioxidant property of 74.4% at 160 µg/mL (IC50=11.3 µg/mL). PAAT nanocarriers exhibited cytotoxicity of 81%. PAAT demonstrated a significant (p < 0.0001) downregulation of MYC and CCNE1 in IDC cells, validated by western blot analysis.

CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the long-term stability of AgTPP-NPs, and PEGylation enhances the efficacy of AgTPP-NPs in terms of cytotoxicity and downregulation of oncogenes in IDC cells.},
}

@article {pmid42494992,
year = {2026},
author = {Acosta, MT and Aibar, JÁ and Arango, C and Cirauqui, EA and Baeza, C and Berry-Kravis, E and Bishop, KI and Busner, J and Chapman, C and Chaumette, B and Del Cerro, I and Diaz, JC and Dorffner, G and Edgar, CJ and Giorgi, S and Hölter, SM and Kittel-Schneider, S and Latzman, RD and Moreno, C and Pallanti, S and Colzi, C and Plasencia, C and Radtke, F and Rockwood, K and Santuccione Chadha, A and Sevinc, G and Singh, MK and Smith, SH and Tandon, PK and Tinoco, D and Broggi, E and Morgan, SF and Magaraggia, I and Zaragoza Domingo, S},
title = {Outcome strategies for clinical trials in Neuropaediatric rare diseases.},
journal = {Neuroscience applied},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {107021},
pmid = {42494992},
issn = {2772-4085},
abstract = {Neuropaediatric Rare Diseases (NRDs) impose a profound and multidimensional burden on patients, families, and healthcare systems. Persistently low clinical trial success rates reflect an unmet methodological need as much as a therapeutic one. A fundamental bottleneck is the absence of fit-for-purpose clinical outcome assessments. In fact, instruments validated for non-rare or adult populations fail to capture clinically meaningful change in heterogeneous, small, and developmentally complex NRD populations. Building directly on a systematic catalogue of methodological challenges in NRD outcome research published by our group (Acosta et al., 2025), this paper presents a structured set of actionable outcome strategies proposed by a large multidisciplinary expert group convened under the auspices of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) and the International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology (ISCTM). Using a structured, iterative expert-opinion approach, each identified challenge served as a prompt for developing one or more candidate strategies, each mapped one-to-one to its corresponding barrier. Strategies are presented across four thematic domains: (1) innovative methodologies to enhance ecological validity and reduce rater context effects; (2) novel or adapted outcomes and endpoints that preserve clinical meaningfulness under conditions of high heterogeneity and limited sample sizes; (3) the purposeful use of natural history resources; and (4) approaches to support comparability and synthesis across programmes. Additional considerations address caregiver expectancy bias and recruitment, stakeholder alignment, maturational confounding, and preclinical-clinical connectivity. Collectively, these strategies constitute a practical, challenge-mapped "living" toolbox for clinical scientists designing NRD trials. Each strategy is already in use or validated in analogous rare-disease contexts. Realising their potential at scale requires institutional programmes, pre-competitive co-validation platforms, systematic stakeholder co-design, and early engagement with regulatory agencies as scientific partners in endpoint development.},
}

@article {pmid42500657,
year = {2026},
author = {Won, H and Park, E and Roh, YG and Kang, M and Kim, N},
title = {Dual Inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6R mitigates cytokine release syndrome via protection of endothelial integrity and reduction of organ damage in mouse models.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1848290},
pmid = {42500657},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Animals ; *Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; Humans ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/drug therapy/immunology/metabolism ; *Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; *Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) is a life-threatening complication of T-cell-engaging immunotherapies, causing vascular leakage and multi-organ dysfunction. Standard Interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade often fails in severe cases by leaving the upstream initiator, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), unchecked. TNF-α drives early macrophage activation and endothelial injury, whereas IL-6 amplifies systemic inflammation. To decisively interrupt this inflammatory feedback loop, we developed IDC007, a novel bispecific antibody simultaneously neutralizing TNF-α and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R).

METHODS: We evaluated the neutralizing effects of IDC007 in an in vitro CRS model utilizing OKT3/R848-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, we utilized an OKT3-induced humanized CRS mouse model to assess in vivo target engagement and therapeutic efficacy.

RESULTS: In vitro, IDC007 effectively suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (e.g., TNF-α, IFN-γ) and prevented endothelial barrier dysfunction. In vivo, IDC007 successfully engaged both targets. Administration mitigated physiological deterioration, including hypothermia and weight loss, leading to improved survival. Dual inhibition effectively prevented immune hyperactivation, evidenced by the significant attenuation of splenomegaly and lung-specific organ damage.

DISCUSSION: These findings serve as a preclinical proof-of-concept demonstrating that dual targeting of TNF-α and IL-6R offers a potent mechanistic approach to attenuate severe CRS by preserving vascular endothelial integrity and overcoming the therapeutic limitations of conventional monotherapies.},
}

Animals
*Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology
Humans
Mice
Disease Models, Animal
*Cytokine Release Syndrome/drug therapy/immunology/metabolism
*Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology
*Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

@article {pmid42500763,
year = {2026},
author = {Morka, J and Biernat, P and Czerwinska, A and Cybulska, K and Cybulska, D and Rysak, A and Sobczak, M and Mróz, T},
title = {Synchronous HER2-Positive Breast and Gastric Cancers: A Dual Diagnostic Challenge With a Single Treatment Possibility.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {e111402},
pmid = {42500763},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Synchronous primary malignancies are rare and represent a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, particularly when both tumors share a targetable molecular alteration. We present a case of synchronous human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast and gastric cancers treated using a common HER2-directed strategy. A 77-year-old female was admitted with a right breast lesion classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 5. A core needle biopsy was performed, which confirmed a grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma. The results showed positivity for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, a HER2 immunohistochemical score of 2+, and a Ki-67 index of 15%. Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) confirmed HER2 amplification, establishing a luminal B/HER2-positive subtype (cT4b cN0 cM0). The patient was started on a course of tamoxifen treatment. During the course of treatment, there was a progression of dysphagia and rapid weight loss, which prompted further investigation. A CT scan revealed thickening of the gastric cardia. Following the failure of gastroscopies due to esophageal stenosis, exploratory laparoscopy was performed. The histopathological examination revealed that the gastric cardia tumor was grade 1 tubular adenocarcinoma, with HER2 overexpression (immunohistochemistry (IHC) 3+), proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)/microsatellite stability (MSS) status, and no hormone receptor expression. Due to the unresectable nature of the disease, the patient received a combination of palliative mFOLFOX6 (leucovorin calcium (folinic acid), fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) and trastuzumab, in addition to ongoing endocrine therapy. Following four cycles, imaging showed disease stabilization, with decreased cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, and evidence of local tumor regression. Despite an initial positive response, the patient subsequently experienced disease progression and clinical deterioration after three months. The overall survival rate was 11.25 months. This case demonstrates the importance of comprehensive molecular diagnostics and the potential of HER2-targeted therapy as a unified treatment approach for synchronous HER2-positive malignancies.},
}

@article {pmid42491202,
year = {2026},
author = {Sato, S and Osakabe, M and Hosomi, S and Kitamura, A and Jonai, N and Takagi, S and Murakami, K and Takatori, E and Kaido, Y and Onoue, H and Nagasawa, T and Kagabu, M and Yanagawa, N and Shoji, T and Baba, T},
title = {Clinical utility of diagnostic laparoscopy for ovarian metastasis from breast cancer in a BRCA1-mutated patient with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome: a case report and literature review.},
journal = {International cancer conference journal},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {387-394},
pmid = {42491202},
issn = {2192-3183},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Ovarian metastasis from breast cancer has been reported in a substantial number of cases; however, reports that specifically document ovarian metastasis in the setting of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome remain limited. We describe a woman in her forties with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome caused by a germline BRCA1 mutation (c.117_118del) and a history of left-sided triple-negative breast cancer, invasive ductal carcinoma, clinical stage T1cN1M0, treated with mastectomy, adjuvant dose-dense epirubicin/cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel, followed by one year of maintenance therapy with olaparib. Two months after completion of olaparib, surveillance imaging identified bilateral ovarian masses with marked fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, peritoneal dissemination, and para-aortic lymph node enlargement, with elevated cancer antigen-125. Diagnostic laparoscopy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy revealed yellow serous ascites and multiple peritoneal nodules. Both ovarian tumors showed adenocarcinoma composed of small nests and cords. Sections prepared using the Sectioning and Extensively Examining the Fimbrial End protocol showed no serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed CK7 and GATA3 expression, but no CK20, PAX8, WT-1, AR, ER, PgR, or HER2 expression. These results support a diagnosis of ovarian metastasis from the patient's prior triple-negative breast cancer. Cytologic examination of ascitic fluid was negative for malignant cells. This case highlights that, in patients with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome and a history of breast cancer who present with ovarian tumors, both primary ovarian cancer and metastatic breast cancer should be considered. Diagnostic laparoscopy with pathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation provides a definitive diagnosis, helps avoid unnecessary cytoreductive ovarian cancer surgery, and supports timely initiation of breast cancer-directed systemic therapy.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13691-026-00869-z.},
}

@article {pmid42494592,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, F and Guo, S and Li, P and Yang, M and Wu, X},
title = {Clinical features and treatment challenges of HER2-positive primary breast squamous cell carcinoma: a case report and literature review.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1781401},
pmid = {42494592},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Primary breast squamous cell carcinoma (PBSCC) with HER2-positive status is exceptionally rare, with fewer than 100 cases reported globally, and HER2 positivity occurring in only 5.8-7.1% of these cases. No established treatment standards exist for this entity. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman with HER2-positive PBSCC who exhibited a poor response to neoadjuvant TCHP therapy (Miller-Payne grade 2). Local recurrence occurred just 3 months after mastectomy. Second-line therapy with pyrotinib plus capecitabine provided 9 months of disease control before lung metastasis emerged. Subsequent molecular profiling revealed a PIK3CA E545K mutation (VAF 40.3%), co-amplified with FGF3/4/19 and CCND1. Although third-line treatment with trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) achieved a partial response, the progression-free survival (PFS) was limited to only 5 months. A repeat biopsy confirmed HER2 downregulation (from 3+ to 2+), identifying antigen loss as a key mechanism of acquired resistance. A review of the literature indicates that the pathological complete response rate of HER2-positive PBSCC to standard HER2-targeted therapy is remarkably low, far inferior to the 50-60% pCR rates achieved with dual HER2 blockade in HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma. This case underscores that upon failure of HER2-targeted therapy accompanied by HER2 antigen loss, the treatment strategy should pivot towards molecularly-guided precision therapy. Based on evidence such as that from the TRIUMPH trial, priority should be given to agents targeting the detected alterations, such as PIK3CA or FGFR inhibitors, rather than persisting with HER2-targeted approaches.},
}

@article {pmid42494603,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, LY and Huang, XS and Fan, SF and Xue, LM},
title = {Small intestinal metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer mimicking lymphoma: imaging findings and case report.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1900018},
pmid = {42494603},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Small intestinal metastasis from breast cancer is a rare entity with non-specific clinical presentations, rendering it susceptible to missed or delayed diagnosis. Herein, we present a rare case of breast cancer metastasizing to the small bowel, with unexplained anemia as the sole initial clinical complaint.The patient manifested persistent dizziness and palpitations, accompanied by repeatedly positive fecal occult blood testing, and carried a well-documented history of surgical resection for bilateral breast malignancy.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the small bowel demonstrated segmental, asymmetric wall thickening with adjacent lymphadenopathy and no luminal stenosis; the thickened wall exhibited heterogeneous enhancement, raising initial suspicion of lymphoma. Subsequent double-balloon enteroscopy(DBE) identified a large circumferential deep ulcerative lesion, which was endoscopically indistinguishable from primary small bowel adenocarcinoma or intestinal lymphoma. The definitive diagnosis of small intestinal metastasis from breast cancer was established by histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation, in conjunction with the patient's oncological history. A review of the literature indicates that small intestinal metastasis from breast cancer is more commonly associated with invasive lobular carcinoma, and affected patients usually present during routine surveillance or with abdominal pain. In the present case, the primary pathology was invasive ductal carcinoma of triple-negative phenotype (TNBC), and the patient's initial presentation with anaemia constitutes an atypical manifestation. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for small bowel metastasis in breast cancer survivors who develop unexplained anemia, positive fecal occult blood, or abnormal small intestinal imaging, even in the absence of classic gastrointestinal symptoms. A multidisciplinary approach integrating imaging, endoscopy, pathology, and immunohistochemistry is essential to minimise diagnostic delay and avoid misdiagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid42472327,
year = {2026},
author = {Skoura, E},
title = {The role of [18]F-FDG PET/CT in the imaging of patients with breast cancer.},
journal = {Hellenic journal of nuclear medicine},
volume = {29 Suppl},
number = {},
pages = {84-86},
pmid = {42472327},
issn = {1790-5427},
mesh = {Humans ; *Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Female ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Reproducibility of Results ; },
abstract = {Diagnosis of the Primary Tumor In initial diagnosis, [18]F-FDG PET/CT has questionable clinical value and, for this reason, is not used in routine practice to evaluate potential primary breast tumors. It has low sensitivity but high positive predictive value (PPV) (PPV 81%-100%). So, if increased uptake is found on [18]F-FDG PET/CT in a breast lesion as an incidental finding, there is a high probability that it is due to malignancy. The sensitivity of [18]F-FDG PET/CT depends on tumor size, histological type (invasive ductal carcinoma has a higher SUVmax than lobular carcinoma, and hormone receptor expression.},
}

Humans
*Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
*Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
Radiopharmaceuticals
Female
Sensitivity and Specificity
Reproducibility of Results

@article {pmid42471743,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, T and Zhao, G and Wei, W and Zhang, Q and Wu, J and Chen, X and Liu, D and Zhu, X},
title = {Habitat-based imaging and peritumoral radiomics on ultrasound images for predicting lymphovascular invasion in breast invasive ductal carcinoma: a two-center study.},
journal = {Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s40644-026-01088-8},
pmid = {42471743},
issn = {1470-7330},
support = {KY17100182//Xiangming Zhu/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of employing habitat-based radiomic distributions in ultrasound (US) images to quantitatively characterize intratumoral heterogeneity. It also explored the potential of this approach to predict lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients and to identify the optimal extent of multiple peritumoral regions.

METHODS: A total of 408 women diagnosed with IDC from January 2020 to October 2023 were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study from two medical centers. Intratumoral areas were partitioned into four distinct habitat areas using K-means cluster analysis, while peritumoral regions were expanded at increments of 2, 4, and 6 mm. Radiomic features were independently extracted from the intra- and peri-tumoral areas, and habitat subregions for developing predictive models. These models incorporated three machine learning classifiers: Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), respectively. We subsequently established an integrated model encompassing intra- and peri-tumoral areas, and habitat radiomic features, and clinicopathological factors. The model performance was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Finally, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and nonogram were applied to enhance model interpretability.

RESULTS: The Random Forest model exhibited superior performance in terms of the area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.861 (95% CI: 0.809-0.912), 0.832 (95% CI: 0.746-0.919), and 0.810 (95% CI: 0.684-0.935) for the training, validation, and test sets, separately. Additionally, the peri-2 mm model surpassed the performance of the other models (peri-4 mm, peri-6 mm) in LVI prediction. The integrated model, encompassing peri-2 mm features, clinicopathological factors, and habitat models, achieved robust predictive performance with AUC values of 0.940 (95% CI: 0.907-0.973), 0.924 (95% CI: 0.875-0.973), and 0.852 (95% CI: 0.732-0.972) for each respective set.

CONCLUSION: The integrated model yields the improved predictive performance in predicting LVI status, and the model offer a reliable and feasible preoperative prediction method to enhance the clinical management and therapeutic planning for IDC patients.},
}

@article {pmid42468875,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhao, T and Nawrocki, C and Xiong, L and Nieman, LT and Abbott, TE and Saylor, PJ and McGovern, FJ and Miyamoto, DT and Ting, DT and Dahl, DM and Wu, CL},
title = {Comprehensive Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling of Cribriform, Intraductal, Atypical Intraductal Proliferation, and Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate.},
journal = {Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106154},
doi = {10.1016/j.labinv.2026.106154},
pmid = {42468875},
issn = {1530-0307},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Cribriform (Crib) acinar adenocarcinoma (AAC), intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P), atypical intraductal proliferation (AIP) and ductal adenocarcinoma (DAC) are linked to poor outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa). We analyzed their gene expression using spatial transcriptomics.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A tissue microarray of 18 FFPE cores from 17 prostatectomies was profiled for expression of 18,676 mRNAs with the Bruker GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiler platform. 53 areas of interest were selected based on H&E, PIN4 IHC and fluorescence markers. Gene set enrichment analysis was conducted for Reactome gene sets.

RESULTS: Most patients had grade group ≥3 (94%) and ≥pT3 disease (65%). At a median follow-up of 47 months (range, 18-130), 31% developed metastases. 16 tumors showed mixed morphology. 3 DACs had adjacent intraductal components with preserved basal cells (ductal IDC-P). 9/10 acinar IDC-P and 6/7 AIP presumably represented intraductal spread (invasive type); one was mostly non-invasive (95% IDC-P/AIP, putative precursor type). Crib AAC, acinar IDC-P, and AIP demonstrated substantial transcriptomic similarity, with only 4 differentially expressed genes between acinar IDC-P and crib AAC and between acinar IDC-P and AIP. Crib AAC exhibited Notch signaling and homologous recombination DNA repair enrichment versus low-grade AAC. Acinar IDC-P upregulated GADD45G/ERRFI1 and downregulated CCN3/TMEFF2, with reduced PKN1-mediated androgen receptor signaling versus crib AAC. AIP showed reduced GPCR signaling versus IDC-P and crib AAC. Acinar IDC-P upregulated TSPAN8/CA4, and downregulated TRPM8/DHCR24 versus AIP. Putative precursor-type IDC-P/AIP downregulated oncogenic and stemness programs versus invasive type. DAC was transcriptomically more similar to crib AAC than to non-crib AAC. Ductal IDC-P downregulated luminal epithelial programs, and upregulated antigen presentation/immune signaling versus DAC.

CONCLUSIONS: Crib AAC, acinar IDC-P, and AIP demonstrated substantial transcriptomic similarity despite distinct differences. DAC showed greater transcriptomic similarity to crib AAC than to non-crib AAC.},
}

@article {pmid42459293,
year = {2026},
author = {Robele, TJ and Minayehu, AA and Balcha, YM and Tsegaye, HS and Tassew, DM and Labisso, WL},
title = {Correlation of Hormone Receptors and HER-2/Neu Status with Histologic Grades of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Breast among Women at Myungsung Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.},
journal = {Breast cancer : basic and clinical research},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {11782234261469431},
pmid = {42459293},
issn = {1178-2234},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease in which hormone receptor and HER2/neu expression patterns are closely associated with tumor histologic grade, prognosis, and treatment response.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of hormone receptors and HER-2/Neu status with histologic grades of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast.

DESIGN: A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study.

METHODS: A facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. Clinical and socio-demographic data were retrieved from medical records. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were done according to standard procedures. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 25. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was determined to assess the association between the histological grades, the receptors and the HER-2/Neu status. p-values less than 0.05 are considered as statistically significant.

RESULT: One hundred forty BC cases were included in this study. The mean age of study subjects was 47. The most frequent age group was distributed within 36 to 45 years, with 49 cases (35%). Most (N=61, 43.6%) cases were identified to be grade II, followed by grade I (N=47, (33.6%) and grade III (22.9%, N=32). Majority of the BC tissues showed high expression of ER (N=103, 73.6%) and PR (N=68, 48.6%) and HER2 (N=31, 22.1%). Some of ER[+] cases (N=43, 41.2%) were observed to be histological grade 1 whereas 43.7% (N=45) ER[+] cases were identified to be histological grade II. The remaining 15% (N=12) were histological grade III. There were 21 cases which were categorized as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), representing 15% of all the cases studied. Spearman's rank correlation analysis demonstrated a significant inverse association between histologic grade and ER and PR positivity (p<0.001), indicating that higher-grade tumors were less likely to express the receptors.

CONCLUSION: The status of hormone receptors and HER-2/Neu in BC is similar to previous reports. An inverse correlation between histological grade and hormone receptor status is reported. Thus, more attention is needed from the health care authorities to improve the diagnostic capacity of pathology laboratories by widely availing access to immunohistochemistry services.},
}

@article {pmid42468841,
year = {2026},
author = {Frank, E and Persson, KW and Morigny, P and Ogueboule, ZKJ and Pham, TCP and Knudsen, JR and Rohm, M and Sylow, L and Raun, SH},
title = {Pre-clinical cancer cachexia causes glucose hypermetabolism prior to overt weight loss.},
journal = {Molecular metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102422},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102422},
pmid = {42468841},
issn = {2212-8778},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Cancer cachexia is a life-threatening complication of advanced malignancies, driven by profound systemic metabolic reprogramming and anorexia. Insulin action is markedly impaired in patients with cancer and may contribute directly to cachexia pathogenesis. However, the interplay between weight loss, food intake, and cancer-associated metabolic rewiring in cachexia remains poorly defined. Clarifying this relationship is essential for identifying the fundamental drivers of cachexia and for developing effective therapeutic strategies.

METHODS: We assessed metabolic rewiring by temporal evaluation of glucose tolerance and isotopic tracers to determine muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in male cachectic and non-cachectic C26- and KPC-tumor-bearing, as well as healthy mice undergoing food restriction.

RESULTS: Cachectic C26- and KPC-tumor mice showed increased glucose tolerance compared to non-tumor-bearing control mice, and non-cachectic tumor-bearing mice. Increased glucose tolerance appeared prior to overt muscle loss, independent of tumor size and changes in food intake. Ex vivo insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was elevated in soleus (+78%) and extensor digitorum longus (+35%) muscle from cachectic C26-cancer mice with anorexia compared to weight stable C26-cancer mice and control mice. This increase was associated with enhanced AKT signaling. Food restriction in healthy mice increased glucose tolerance, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake ex vivo, and AKT signaling.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that glucose hypermetabolism appears prior to overt weight loss in pre-clinical cachexia, whereas late-stage cachexia with anorexia increased skeletal muscle insulin responsiveness. This highlights AKT signaling as a key node connecting nutrient status with muscle metabolism in cancer cachexia.},
}

@article {pmid42455473,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, C and Ding, P and Ouyang, W and Ding, Y and Lu, M and Li, T and Xu, Y and Zheng, L and Chen, K and Ji, F and Dai, M and Gu, G and Lu, X},
title = {Integrative machine learning reveals a TLS signature and CCL5-CCR1 axis-associated immune remodeling in breast cancer.},
journal = {Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s13402-026-01264-9},
pmid = {42455473},
issn = {2211-3436},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The transition from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a critical but poorly understood step in breast cancer progression. This study characterizes the dynamic remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME) during this transition, focusing on tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and chemokine signaling.

METHODS: Using an integrated multi-omics approach-including multiplex immunofluorescence of a clinical cohort, public single-cell and spatial transcriptomics data, and a longitudinal syngeneic mouse model (EO771)-we investigated spatiotemporal TME evolution.

RESULTS: Our findings reveal that TLS reorganization during the DCIS-to-IDC shift is closely associated with the CCL5-CCR1 axis, which is implicated in macrophage-CD8[+] T cell interactions and correlates with terminal T-cell exhaustion. Longitudinal modeling confirmed CCL5 network dysregulation alongside progressive CD8[+] T cell dysfunction. Through an integrative machine-learning framework, we developed a robust 21-gene TLS signature that independently predicted patient outcomes in multiple cohorts, even after adjusting for clinical confounders. Finally, molecular docking identified cucurbitacin derivatives as candidate compounds nominated by exploratory in silico analysis targeting the CCL5 network.

CONCLUSIONS: This work highlights CCL5-CCR1 axis-related TLS dysregulation as a key spatiotemporal feature of invasion, provides a clinically applicable prognostic signature for early risk stratification, and nominates actionable targets to intercept invasive progression.},
}

@article {pmid42459109,
year = {2026},
author = {Barbero, V},
title = {[Long-term treatment with sacituzumab govitecan in a patient with brain metastases from triple-negative breast cancer, PD-L1-negative, BRCA1/2 wild-type.].},
journal = {Recenti progressi in medicina},
volume = {117},
number = {7-8},
pages = {e83-e85},
doi = {10.1701/4743.47609},
pmid = {42459109},
issn = {2038-1840},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Brain Neoplasms/secondary/drug therapy ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; *Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy ; Mastectomy/methods ; Capecitabine/administration & dosage ; Time Factors ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics ; Immunoconjugates ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; },
abstract = {We report the clinical case of a 64-year-old female patient who underwent a mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with anthracyclines and taxanes for triple-negative, BRCA wild-type invasive ductal carcinoma. Approximately five years later, she presented with recurrence of the disease in the brain and mediastinal lymph nodes, which was treated with neurosurgical resection of the brain lesion, radiotherapy to the tumour bed and first-line chemotherapy with capecitabine. After 4 months, due to progression of extra-cranial disease and poor gastrointestinal tolerance to oral chemotherapy, the patient was started on second-line chemotherapy with a CMF regimen, achieving a complete metabolic response in the extra-cranial sites. Subsequently, due to clinically symptomatic brain progression in the absence of extracranial recurrence and following multidisciplinary assessment, the patient was started on third-line therapy with sacituzumab govitecan, resulting in symptomatic improvement and a long period of clinical and radiological stability despite dose reduction.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Brain Neoplasms/secondary/drug therapy
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/therapy
*Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/therapy
Mastectomy/methods
Capecitabine/administration & dosage
Time Factors
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
BRCA2 Protein/genetics
Immunoconjugates
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized

@article {pmid42448112,
year = {2026},
author = {Sadeghian, Z and Rhode, S and Sultan, H and Abdo, T and Alhalabi, A and Goez-Gutierrez, E and Nahleh, Z and Yoon, E},
title = {Clinicopathologic and Histologic Determinants of the Oncotype DX Recurrence Score in ER+/HER2- Breast Cancer: AJCC Stage-Matched Comparisons and Predictors of a Very Low Recurrence Score.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106214},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2026.106214},
pmid = {42448112},
issn = {1532-8392},
abstract = {CONTEXT: The Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) is used to guide adjuvant chemotherapy decisions in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) early breast cancer. Although RS is widely used in routine practice, the extent to which score distributions differ by histologic types- specifically invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)- within the same pathologic anatomic AJCC stages is not well studied.

DESIGN: We performed a retrospective study of ER+/HER2- invasive breast carcinomas with available RS results from 2020 to 2024 (n = 322, including IDC [n = 254] and ILC [n = 68]). RS distributions were evaluated by clinicopathologic features and histologic type. IDC and ILC were compared within pathologic anatomic AJCC stage and progesterone receptor (PR)-stratified subgroups. Moreover, two histologic types were compared for eligibility for the prespecified very-low RS endpoint (stage IA, node-negative tumors, RS < 11). Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of RS < 11.

RESULTS: Mean RS was similar in IDC and ILC (17.2 vs 17.1), although the score range was broader in IDC (0-83) than in ILC (5-37). Overall, PR- tumors showed significantly higher RS than PR+ tumors in both stage IA and stage IIA disease (both p = 0.001). In subgroup analyses, IDC demonstrated a higher RS than ILC in the PR+ stage IIB subgroup only (p = 0.03). More IDC cases met the criteria for very-low RS endpoint relevant to AJCC prognostic-stage assignment (stage IA, node-negative tumors with RS < 11), which was statistically significant (28.9% of IDC versus 8.9% of ILC; p = 0.006). On multivariable analysis, ILC remained independently associated with lower odds of RS < 11 compared with IDC (adjusted OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.08-0.75; p = 0.013), and PR negativity was also independently associated with lower odds of RS < 11 (adjusted OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.94, p = 0.043).

CONCLUSIONS: IDC and ILC showed similar mean RS values, but IDC had a wide range of score distribution. In-depth analysis also uncovered the subtle impact of histologic type at different pathologic anatomic AJCC stages. In particular, ILC was less likely than IDC to demonstrate a very-low RS (<11) in stage IA, node-negative ER+/HER2- disease. These findings suggest that histologic subtype may provide useful context for interpretation of RS, especially in pretest counseling regarding the likelihood of very-low genomic risk.},
}

@article {pmid42449601,
year = {2026},
author = {Wei, Y and Yang, S and Ren, T and Wen, Z and Li, X and Ling, J and Lin, J and Guo, Y and Zhao, X and Wang, H and Chen, Y},
title = {Time-Dependent Diffusion MRI-Based Microstructural Mapping for Characterization of Cribriform and Intraductal Carcinoma Morphologies in Prostate Cancer: A Preliminary Study.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {13},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18132056},
pmid = {42449601},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {82372075//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82371911//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82402415//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Background: Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive cribriform (Cr) histologic patterns are important adverse morphologies in prostate cancer (PCa) and may influence pretreatment risk stratification. This study evaluated the feasibility of time-dependent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (td-dMRI)-based microstructural mapping for preoperative characterization of these aggressive morphologies. Methods: This retrospective study included 95 men with pathologically confirmed PCa on radical prostatectomy specimens from March 2023 to March 2025. Td-dMRI was performed using pulsed and oscillating gradient diffusion sequences. Microstructural parameters, including extracellular diffusivity (Dex), cell diameter (d), intracellular volume fraction (fin), cellularity, and diffusivities at 0, 17, and 33 Hz (ADC0Hz, ADC17Hz, and ADC33Hz), were estimated using a two-compartment model. Conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCDWI) values were obtained from standard diffusion-weighted imaging. Parameters were compared between tumors with and without Cr/IDC patterns, and diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Pairwise comparisons of AUCs were performed using the DeLong test. Results: Among 95 participants, 62 (65.3%) had Cr/IDC patterns. Compared with Cr/IDC-negative tumors, Cr/IDC-positive tumors showed higher fin and cellularity (both p < 0.001) and lower ADCDWI, ADC0Hz, ADC17Hz, and ADC33Hz values (all p < 0.05). Dex and d did not differ significantly between groups. Among td-dMRI-derived parameters, fin showed the highest diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.757; 95% CI, 0.654-0.860). Conclusions: Td-dMRI-based microstructural mapping demonstrates promise for characterizing the Cr/IDC morphologies in PCa.},
}

@article {pmid42449790,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, D and Zhang, Y and Li, Y},
title = {A Nomogram Integrating Clinical and Ultrasonographic Features for Preoperative Differentiation of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {13},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics16132008},
pmid = {42449790},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: To develop and validate a preoperative nomogram incorporating clinical and ultrasonographic features for the non-invasive differentiation of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast. Methods: Preoperative clinical information and ultrasonographic features of patients with pathologically confirmed IDC and ILC were retrospectively collected. A total of 803 patients (600 with IDC and 203 with ILC) were enrolled and randomly allocated to training and validation sets in an 8:2 ratio. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors for differentiation. These predictors were subsequently incorporated into a nomogram and a corresponding weight plot. Model discrimination was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), while calibration was evaluated using calibration curves. Clinical net benefit was determined through decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Significant differences were noted between IDC and ILC in multiple clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis in the training set identified lesion margin, shape, depth, menopausal status, palpability, lesion classification, and internal echo as independent predictors of ILC. Notably, our constructed nomogram exhibited favorable predictive performance, calibration, and clinical utility in both the training and validation sets. Conclusions: A nomogram incorporating seven independent predictors, namely lesion margin, shape, depth, menopausal status, palpability, lesion classification, and internal echo, was developed and validated. This nomogram enables individualized and quantitative prediction of the preoperative probability of ILC and may serve as a non-invasive adjunct to support surgical decision-making.},
}

@article {pmid42449801,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, A and Liu, L and Chen, D and Peng, Y and Pan, F},
title = {Ovarian Metastasis from Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: A 6-Case Series with Emphasis on Diagnostic Challenges and the Value of Biopsy.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {13},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics16132019},
pmid = {42449801},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Background: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast has a unique metastatic pattern due to E-cadherin deficiency, with a predilection for peritoneal, gastrointestinal, and pelvic organ involvement. Ovarian metastasis from ILC is rare but can mimic primary ovarian cancer clinically and radiologically, leading to misdiagnosis and unnecessary radical surgery. This study aimed to summarize the imaging features of ovarian metastasis from ILC and analyze the causes of misdiagnosis, while highlighting the value of preoperative biopsy. Methods: Clinical and imaging data of six patients with pathologically confirmed ovarian metastasis from ILC were retrospectively analyzed. All six patients were female (age range 33-65 years), had a history of breast cancer (ILC subtype), and were found to have ovarian masses either during follow-up or at initial diagnosis. Imaging findings of the ovaries, peritoneum, and ascites were analyzed and compared with initial clinical diagnoses and pathological results. Results: Among the six patients, five were initially clinically misdiagnosed as having primary ovarian cancer and underwent unnecessary total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. One patient (case 6) was correctly diagnosed via percutaneous biopsy of the omentum and skin nodules, which confirmed metastatic ILC, thereby avoiding unnecessary gynecological surgery. Imaging findings: All six patients had bilateral ovarian masses, appearing as solid or cystic-solid lesions. Peritoneal changes were observed in four cases. Ascites was present in five cases. Laboratory findings showed marked variability in CA125 levels (normal in three cases, elevated in three cases). Immunohistochemistry confirmed breast origin in all cases (GATA3+, PAX8-, E-cadherin-). In case 6, after four cycles of chemotherapy (albumin-bound paclitaxel + carboplatin + bevacizumab), follow-up CT demonstrated significant reduction in ovarian masses and regression of peritoneal and omental lesions. Conclusions: Ovarian metastasis from ILC is easily misdiagnosed as primary ovarian cancer without histologic confirmation, leading to unnecessary radical surgery. However, as demonstrated in case 6, percutaneous biopsy of accessible metastatic sites (omentum, peritoneum, or skin nodules) can establish the correct diagnosis and guide systemic therapy, thereby avoiding unnecessary surgery. In case 6, the ILC ovarian metastasis showed a favorable response to chemotherapy, but this single-case finding requires cautious interpretation as ILC is generally considered less chemosensitive than invasive ductal carcinoma. In patients with a history of breast cancer or with suspected metastatic disease, ILC metastasis should be included in the differential diagnosis of ovarian masses.},
}

@article {pmid42450827,
year = {2026},
author = {Gürcüoğlu, E},
title = {Infectious Diseases Consultations as Markers of Hospital Workflow and Care Complexity.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {13},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/healthcare14131817},
pmid = {42450827},
issn = {2227-9032},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: This preliminary, single-centre study evaluated infectious diseases consultation (IDC) patterns as indicators of hospital workflow and care complexity, aiming to characterise routinely available variables that may inform future organisational research and EHR-based clinical decision support development. Methods: In this retrospective study, 39,275 IDC requests from 16,430 patients were analysed using hospital information management system records. Paediatric patients and specialised immunosuppressed patient units were excluded. Request volumes, diagnostic categories, consultation purposes, and factors associated with in-hospital mortality were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed separately for two hospital blocks. Results: A total of 39,275 IDC records for 16,430 unique patients were reviewed. Mean consultation access time was 82.2 ± 64.3 min. Requests originated from surgical clinics (43.8%), followed by intensive care units (37.6%) and medical/internal clinics (18.6%). Pneumonia was the most common indication (30.5%), followed by unspecified infections (25.4%) and skin/soft tissue infections (17.2%). Consultation objectives included treatment, diagnostic assessment, and clinical guidance as non-mutually exclusive components. Significant block-level differences were observed in consultation timing, ICU-related consultation, diagnostic profiles, consultation purposes, and mortality. Age and ICU-related consultation were independently associated with mortality in both blocks, whereas consultation access time and COVID-19 diagnosis showed block-specific associations. Conclusions: IDC patterns may reflect not only diagnostic demand but also case severity, ICU-related care, consultation timing, and hospital location. As a preliminary single-centre study, these hypothesis-generating findings highlight the importance of integrating clinical, organisational, and contextual variables in future prospective, multi-centre studies aimed at developing EHR-based decision-support models. External validation, incorporation of comorbidity indices and microbiological data, and assessment of explainability are required before clinical implementation.},
}

@article {pmid42454041,
year = {2026},
author = {Agnihotri, S and Gonzalez-Nolasco, B and Monian, B and Pattijn, S and Ackaert, C and Wu, P and Kettenberger, H and Tourdot, S and Hickling, T and Hu, Z and Higgs, RE and Leventhal, DS},
title = {The immunogenicity database collaborative: a standardized, publicly available database for clinical immunogenicity observations and insights.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1816949},
pmid = {42454041},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Databases, Factual ; *Antibodies/immunology ; Biocuration ; },
abstract = {Anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) against biotherapeutics remain difficult to predict, limiting efforts to assess and mitigate immunogenicity risk prior to clinical development. Existing immunogenicity data are fragmented across disparate sources and reported using inconsistent definitions, creating a major barrier to understanding the drivers of ADA formation. To address this challenge, we established the Immunogenicity Database Collaborative (IDC), launched its public website (https://www.immunogenicitydb.org), and developed the first release of the Immunogenicity Dataset (IDC DS V1), a structured clinical immunogenicity dataset integrating therapeutic characteristics, amino acid sequence information, and patient cohort-level clinical data curated from publicly available sources. The IDC DS V1 contains 4,146 ADA-related datapoints spanning 1,788 cohorts, 727 clinical trials, and 218 therapeutics. Analysis of the dataset highlights trends in ADA frequency, reveals important sources of variability across clinical contexts, and identifies key factors associated with immunogenicity risk. The IDC provides a foundational resource to standardize clinical immunogenicity data and support immunogenicity risk assessment across the biopharmaceutical industry. In addition to the current dataset release, it establishes an extensible data architecture and framework for future community-driven expansion into additional areas of immunogenicity research.},
}

Humans
*Databases, Factual
*Antibodies/immunology
Biocuration

@article {pmid42436296,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, X and Jia, X and Zhao, D and Xu, J and Du, G and Qi, Y and Wu, Y and Chen, Y and Zhu, J and Gu, J and Shang, X},
title = {Geometric-aware deep learning for deciphering tissue structure from spatially resolved transcriptomics.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s42003-026-10667-1},
pmid = {42436296},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {62433016//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomics have enabled large-scale measurement of gene expression while preserving spatial context, facilitating the investigation of spatial heterogeneity within tissues. In this study, we propose SpatialGEO, a geometric-aware deep learning framework that integrates gene expression profiles with spatial coordinates to generate biologically meaningful low-dimensional embeddings, enabling the dissection of complex tissue architectures. We systematically evaluate SpatialGEO across multiple tissue types and diverse SRT platforms. Results show that SpatialGEO achieves superior performance in tissue structure dissection and data denoising compared to state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, when applied to human breast cancer samples, SpatialGEO precisely delineates the tumor microenvironment and uncovers molecular heterogeneity within tumors and intercellular communication between invasive ductal carcinoma and tumor edge. In mouse embryogenesis, SpatialGEO accurately reconstructs spatiotemporal tissue architectures, highlighting organ-specific developmental programs and elucidating molecular drivers of early neural development.},
}

@article {pmid42444733,
year = {2026},
author = {Asaka, Y and Kinoshita, H and Matsuda, H and Henmi, S and Kikukawa, Y and Gose, A and Nishimoto, M and Kochi, A and Watanabe, C and Takada, K and Tauchi, Y and Ogisawa, K and Morisaki, T and Kohashi, K and Kashiwagi, S},
title = {Invasive Solid Papillary Carcinoma of the Breast Initially Diagnosed as Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Case Report.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42444733},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Solid papillary carcinoma of the breast is a rare papillary neoplasm with distinctive morphology and frequent neuroendocrine differentiation. However, when an invasive component is sampled in a limited core needle biopsy specimen, its solid and nested architecture may mimic invasive ductal carcinoma. We report a case of invasive solid papillary carcinoma of the breast that was initially diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma and was ultimately confirmed by comprehensive histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for treatment of right breast cancer detected by screening. Ultrasonography showed a 1.3-cm mass in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. CT showed no distant metastasis, and breast MRI showed no apparent intraductal extension. The clinical stage was cT1N0M0, stage I. Core needle biopsy at the referring hospital was interpreted as invasive ductal carcinoma. Pathological review at our institution showed relatively uniform epithelial cells arranged in small nests and solid structures. The tumor was strongly positive for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, showed a low Ki-67 labeling index of 5%, and was positive for synaptophysin, suggesting invasive solid papillary carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation. The patient underwent breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The resected specimen confirmed invasive solid papillary carcinoma. Postoperative Oncotype DX testing showed a recurrence score of 4. Adjuvant chemotherapy was omitted, and the patient received postoperative radiotherapy followed by endocrine therapy with anastrozole. She remains free of recurrence 1 year after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS: Invasive solid papillary carcinoma can mimic invasive ductal carcinoma on core needle biopsy. Careful morphological assessment combined with appropriate immunohistochemical evaluation is essential for an accurate diagnosis. In the present low-risk luminal case, adjuvant chemotherapy would probably not have been indicated even if the lesion had remained classified as invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type; however, preoperative recognition of this special subtype may still be clinically relevant for biopsy planning, axillary staging, surgical margin planning, and consideration of minimally invasive local treatment.},
}

@article {pmid42430004,
year = {2026},
author = {Hadar, T and Abu Shtaya, A and Bernstein-Molho, R and Eskin-Schwartz, M and Kedar, I and Peretz-Yablonsky, T and Shkedi-Rafid, S and Yerushalmi, R and Zick, A and Reznick-Levi, G and Allweis, T and Goldberg, Y},
title = {Breast cancer phenotypes in carriers of pathogenic POT1 variants.},
journal = {Familial cancer},
volume = {25},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {42430004},
issn = {1573-7292},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Telomere-Binding Proteins/genetics ; Shelterin Complex ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/therapy ; Phenotype ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Heterozygote ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Germ-Line Mutation ; },
abstract = {Germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in POT1, one of the shelterin complex genes, correlate with tumor predisposition, primarily with melanoma, hematologic malignancies, sarcoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma and glioma. Breast cancer (BC) risk has not been shown to be elevated. We analyzed BC occurrence and features in a cohort of 29 female PV heterozygotes, of whom 13/29 (45%) were diagnosed with BC. Data regarding genetic, clinical, pathologic, treatment, and outcome characteristics were extracted. Patients in our cohort harbored three different POT1 PVs; The c.233T > C Ashkenazi founder PV occurred in 11/13 (84.6%). Median age at first BC diagnosis was 54 years (range 44-72); no patient was diagnosed before the age of 40. Pathological subtypes varied; invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common. All primary tumors were estrogen receptor positive; one was HER2-enriched; no triple-negative cancers were observed. Stage at diagnosis varied: 6 of 10 tumors with known staging were stage 0 or I, and one patient presented with metastatic disease. Treatment approaches were diverse as clinically appropriate. After a median follow-up of 110 months, three second BC events occurred, with no BC-related mortality. Personal and family history of other malignancies were frequent. This is the first dedicated report describing BC phenotypes in POT1 PV heterozygotes. Our findings suggest that enhanced BC surveillance may be warranted in this population. Larger cohorts are needed to further characterize the clinicopathological features of BC in POT1 carriers, to define lifetime BC risk and determine whether BC-specific screening recommendations should be established for this group.},
}

Humans
Female
*Telomere-Binding Proteins/genetics
Shelterin Complex
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/therapy
Phenotype
Middle Aged
Adult
Aged
Heterozygote
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
*Germ-Line Mutation

@article {pmid42431161,
year = {2026},
author = {Razdan, S and Fathollahi, A and Armache, A and Razdan, S},
title = {Predictors of pathological upgrading in low-risk gleason grade group 1 prostate cancer on prostate biopsy: the role of clinical and tumor-specific factors.},
journal = {Current problems in cancer},
volume = {63},
number = {},
pages = {101317},
doi = {10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2026.101317},
pmid = {42431161},
issn = {1535-6345},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Gleason Grade Group (GG) 1 prostate cancer (PCa) with PSA <10 ng/dL is considered low risk or very low risk disease per NCCN risk stratification. Management recommendation for these patients is typically active surveillance. We sought to determine risk factors for pathological upgrading in men with GG1 on prostate biopsy who elected robotic radical prostatectomy (RALP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of men with GG1 PCa who underwent RALP was performed. Final pathology specimens were examined for the following endpoints: final Gleason score, positive margin (PSM) status, presence of perineural invasion (PNI), presence of variant histology.

RESULTS: 874 men underwent MRI-fusion prostate biopsy between January 2021 and August 2024. Of the 874 men, 198 had GG1 prostate cancer with PSA <10ng/dL, of which 164 underwent RALP. On multivariate analysis, there was no correlation between number of positive biopsy cores and pathological upgrading. Significant predictors for upgrading or other adverse pathological features were abnormal digital rectal exam (DRE), PSA >6ng/dL, PIRADS score of 5, MPS2.0 score >8.1%, presence of atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) or intraductal carcinoma (IDC) on biopsy.

CONCLUSION: Men with GG1 prostate cancer on prostate biopsy and PSA >6 ng/dL, PIRADS 5 lesion on mpMRI, abnormal DRE, MPS2.0 score >8.1%, and presence of any IDC or ASAP on biopsy are more likely to have disease upgrading and adverse pathological features such as PSM on final pathology at the time of RALP. These men should be counseled on their unique risks, with prioritization of early intervention.},
}

@article {pmid42421761,
year = {2026},
author = {Malof, M and McMillan, A and Torres, FJ and Moore, J},
title = {A Rare Presentation of Palpable Bilateral Male Breast Cancer: A Case Report.},
journal = {Case reports in oncology},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {896-903},
pmid = {42421761},
issn = {1662-6575},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: We present a case on bilateral invasive ductal carcinoma in a male patient who presented with two palpable masses with one side initially attributed to gynecomastia.

CASE PRESENTATION: The patient underwent left breast lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy and right breast excisional biopsy. Postoperatively, pathology confirmed bilateral invasive carcinoma with one out of eight positive lymph nodes in the left breast. This patient did not undergo further procedures and was established with medical and radiation oncologists. After discussion with the patient and multidisciplinary team, it was decided that chemotherapy and radiation would not benefit this patient. The patient is following up regularly in 3 months postoperatively followed by 6-month intervals and is taking tamoxifen to aid in prevention of recurrence.

CONCLUSION: The presentation of this case contributes to current breast cancer treatment and diagnosis, particularly in subset male population with an atypical presentation and unexpected diagnosis involving both breasts.},
}

@article {pmid42427202,
year = {2026},
author = {Khuu, C and Malek, M and Conlon, SG and Wadey, GP and Trasviña-Arenas, CH and David, SS},
title = {MUTYH Cancer-Associated Variants Within the Interdomain Connector Differentially Impact Glycosylase Activity and Cellular DNA Repair.},
journal = {Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology},
volume = {27},
number = {13},
pages = {e70412},
doi = {10.1002/cbic.70412},
pmid = {42427202},
issn = {1439-7633},
support = {RO1CA067985/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; T32 ES007059/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; T32 GM136597/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*DNA Glycosylases/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; Humans ; *DNA Repair ; Excision Repair ; Mutation ; Protein Domains ; },
abstract = {The base excision repair (BER) glycosylase MUTYH initiates repair of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (OG): adenine (A) mispairs to prevent G to T transversion mutations. Inherited biallelic mutations in MUTYH are correlated with the cancer predisposition syndrome MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) and contribute to an increased lifetime risk of colorectal cancer. Over 1000 germline and somatic MUTYH variants have been reported to be associated with MAP and other cancers, but for most, the functional impact is unknown. Herein, we examined a subset of cancer-associated variants (CAVs) localized in the interdomain connector (IDC), which links the N-terminal adenine excision and C-terminal OG recognition domains via its zinc linchpin motif and serves as a hub for downstream repair interactions. In vitro assays measuring glycosylase activity, lesion affinity, and AP endonuclease stimulation revealed no substantial defects relative to wild-type MUTYH. In contrast, a newly optimized mammalian cell assay revealed that some IDC variants exhibit reduced repair. These results suggest that some variants disrupt steps downstream of adenine excision, whereas others impair lesion recognition and base excision. This work underscores the value of independent functional assays for accurately assessing variant dysfunction and classification. Analysis of MUTYH variants highlights the complexity of the roles of MUTYH in preserving genomic integrity.},
}

*DNA Glycosylases/metabolism/genetics/chemistry
Humans
*DNA Repair
Excision Repair
Mutation
Protein Domains

@article {pmid42428767,
year = {2026},
author = {Yee, SA and Langelier, DM and Taylor, K and Robertson, LH},
title = {Radiation-induced morphoea in the setting of previous breast cancer: A case report.},
journal = {SAGE open medical case reports},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {2050313X261463846},
pmid = {42428767},
issn = {2050-313X},
abstract = {Radiation-induced morphoea is an under-recognised complication of radiotherapy that can cause significant pain, functional impairment, and disfigurement. It is frequently misdiagnosed due to its non-specific presentation. We report the case of a 70-year-old female with prior right breast invasive ductal carcinoma, status post-lumpectomy, who developed painful cutaneous thickening and atrophy within the irradiated field 18 months after adjuvant radiotherapy. Malignant recurrence was excluded, and biopsy revealed dermal sclerosis with collagen thickening consistent with radiation-induced morphoea. Management included intralesional corticosteroid injections, regional nerve blocks, and physical therapy. Early recognition, biopsy, and multidisciplinary management are critical to improving patients' quality of life.},
}

@article {pmid42428817,
year = {2026},
author = {Bakloul, N and Elaissaoui, F and Hammani, K and Elharchli, EH},
title = {Epidemiological, histopathological and clinical profile of breast cancer in Eastern Morocco: data from the Taza RHRC (2016-2024).},
journal = {Ecancermedicalscience},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {2122},
pmid = {42428817},
issn = {1754-6605},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) represents a major public health issue in Morocco. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological profile of women with BC diagnosed at the Taza Reproductive Health Reference Center in eastern Morocco between November 2016 and December 2024.

METHODS: This was a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study of 412 confirmed cases of BC. Data were collected from archived medical records and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics software.

RESULTS: 412 new cases were identified, with an increasing trend over the years, from 15.1 per 100,000 in 2017 to 29.2 per 100,000 in 2024. The mean age at diagnosis was 51.5 ± 11.8 years. The majority of patients (59%) were aged between 40 and 59, 70.9% were married and 52.6% lived in rural areas. Most were housewives (97.3%). Regarding health coverage, 73.5% were insured, including 40.3% affiliated with RAMED's health insurance regime. Clinically, the left breast was affected in 54.1% of cases and the predominant tumour localisation was the superolateral quadrant (57.8%). The most frequent histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (95%). According to Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) histoprognostic grade, 68% of tumours were grade II, 28% grade III and 4% grade I.

CONCLUSION: This study highlights a progressive increase in the incidence of SBR in the Taza region, as well as a socio-economic profile marked by precariousness and rurality. Intermediate-grade infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the dominant histological form. These results underline the importance of early detection and improved access to care, particularly in rural areas.},
}

@article {pmid42418202,
year = {2026},
author = {Corso, G and Marino, E and Fava, F and Natali, F and Peterlongo, P and Dal Molin, M and Feroce, I and Zanzottera, C and Massari, G and Di Silvestre, S and Moscatiello, M and Franceschini, A and Bagnardi, V and Curigliano, G and Bonanni, B and Veronesi, P and Bertolini, F},
title = {Germline Multigene Panel Testing in Women With Invasive Lobular Cancer.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {9},
number = {7},
pages = {e2621705},
pmid = {42418202},
issn = {2574-3805},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/pathology/mortality ; *Germ-Line Mutation/genetics ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Longitudinal Studies ; Genetic Risk Score ; Italy/epidemiology ; Aged ; *Genetic Testing/methods ; Adult ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) represents the second most common histologic subtype of breast cancer (BC), yet its genomic landscape and clinical implications remain less well defined compared with invasive ductal carcinoma. Understanding genetic predisposition in ILC may improve risk assessment and guide tailored clinical management.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and clinical outcomes of germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (PVs) in BC predisposition genes among women with ILC and to assess the prognostic utility of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in this population.

This prospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted at the European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy, from May 16, 2022, to January 31, 2025. Women diagnosed with primary ILC were enrolled and underwent multigene panel testing of 113 genes using next-generation sequencing. Follow-up data were collected until January 31, 2023. Statistical analysis was performed in January 2026.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was BC-free survival, defined as the time from surgery to ipsilateral recurrence, contralateral disease, distant metastasis, or BC-related death. Secondary outcomes included overall survival and PRS distribution across genetic subgroups.

RESULTS: A total of 414 White women (mean [SD] age, 53.7 [9.7] years; 211 [51.0%] with postmenopausal status) with ILC were tested. No significant associations were found between germline variant subgroups and patients' characteristics. PVs were identified in 46 patients (11.1%), with 20 (4.8%) carrying variants in moderate- to high-risk BC genes (ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, NF1, FANCM, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D, STK11, TP53, and PTEN). The group of women carrying PVs in moderate- to high-risk BC genes had significantly reduced 5-year BC-free survival compared with the rest of cohort (62.2% [95% CI, 32.3%-82.0%] vs 92.1% [95% CI, 87.6%-95.0%]; hazard ratio, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.99-7.67; P < .001). PRS analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences in relapse risk across quartiles of PRS, and no association was found between PRSs and germline variant status.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This cohort study of women with primary ILC identified a clinically relevant subset of patients carrying moderate- to high-risk germline PVs who exhibited an increased risk of early relapse. Although PRSs did not show prognostic value in this setting, multigene panel testing findings may refine genetic counseling and inform surveillance and therapeutic strategies in lobular breast tumors.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality
*Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/pathology/mortality
*Germ-Line Mutation/genetics
*Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
Middle Aged
Prospective Studies
Longitudinal Studies
Genetic Risk Score
Italy/epidemiology
Aged
*Genetic Testing/methods
Adult
Prognosis

@article {pmid42414306,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, B and Prabhu, A and Li, G and Kaltenbach, A and Wang, Y and Shakir, G and Natarelli, L and Megens, R and Jansen, Y and Ramanathan, S and Geiger, M and Faussner, A and Hristov, M and Richter, D and Di, X and van der Stelt, M and Triantafyllidou, V and Li, Z and Sachs, N and Paloschi, V and Maegdefessel, L and Hofmann, SM and Schifferer, M and Simons, M and Weber, C and Santovito, D and Herzig, S and Guillamat Prats, R and Steffens, S},
title = {Endothelial cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency reduces shear stress-induced arterial inflammation and lipid uptake.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42414306},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {CRC1123, CRC1744//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; CRC1744//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics/metabolism/deficiency/antagonists & inhibitors ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Atherosclerosis/metabolism/genetics/pathology ; Male ; *Lipid Metabolism ; *Inflammation/metabolism ; Stress, Mechanical ; Caveolin 1/metabolism/genetics ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism/pathology/genetics ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Peripheral cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists that lack central nervous system effects are emerging as promising therapies for metabolic disease, yet the role of endothelial CB1 signaling in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here, we show that endothelial CB1 is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques, is induced by oscillatory shear stress in atheroprone flow regions, and promotes vascular inflammation, permeability and lipid uptake. Endothelial-specific Cnr1 deletion or peripheral CB1 antagonism in mice attenuates atherosclerosis, reduces endothelial caveolae-dependent low-density lipoprotein uptake by downregulating caveolin-1 and ALK1 expression, and improves metabolic parameters in brown and white adipose tissue and the liver. The anti-atherogenic and metabolic effects are more pronounced in females, which is possibly linked to estrogen signaling. These findings identify endothelial CB1 as a proatherogenic, sex-biased regulator of vascular lipid transport and plaque development and associated metabolic dysfunction.},
}

Animals
*Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics/metabolism/deficiency/antagonists & inhibitors
Female
Humans
Mice
Mice, Knockout
*Atherosclerosis/metabolism/genetics/pathology
Male
*Lipid Metabolism
*Inflammation/metabolism
Stress, Mechanical
Caveolin 1/metabolism/genetics
Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism/pathology/genetics
Mice, Inbred C57BL
*Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism

@article {pmid42415465,
year = {2026},
author = {Saman, Y and Pascual-Vera, B and Carrasco, Á and Corberán, M and Merchán, O and Carratalá-Ricart, L and Arnáez, S and Doron, G and Roncero, M and García-Soriano, G},
title = {GGOC-AD: a mHealth tool to challenge obsessive-compulsive related maladaptive beliefs in Spanish community adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.},
journal = {Child and adolescent mental health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/camh.70110},
pmid = {42415465},
issn = {1475-357X},
support = {PID2021-124409OB-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/ ; FPU23/00508//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/ ; FPU23/460//Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades/ ; INV22-01-13//Universitat de València/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Obsessive-compulsive related maladaptive beliefs play an essential role in the development and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Nevertheless, there is a lack of accessible and widespread strategies capable of challenging such beliefs in the youth general population. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a mobile health tool (GGOC-AD) in reducing maladaptive OCD beliefs and symptoms in Spanish community adolescents and explore its impact on emotional symptoms and self-esteem.

METHODS: A two-armed parallel randomized controlled trial (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06033391) was carried out with 94 students (Mage = 15.09 (SD = 0.6) years; 69.1% girls). Participants either used GGOC-AD, a nonguided mobile intervention targeting maladaptive OCD beliefs (experimental group; n = 48), or GGN-AD, an active comparator with neutral content (control group, n = 46) over a 14-day period. Assessments were conducted at baseline (T1), immediately postintervention (T2), and 1 month later (T3). A mixed effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) was conducted to evaluate the effects on maladaptive OCD beliefs and symptoms, emotional symptoms, and self-esteem. The outcome was specified as the scores in both T2 and T3.

RESULTS: Completing GGOC-AD was associated with statistically significantly lower maladaptive beliefs related to responsibility and threat estimation (Estimate [SD] = 3.62 [1.47]; p = .014; d = 0.30), perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty (Estimate [SD] = 3.07 [1.34]; p = .022; d = 0.24); and importance and need to control thoughts (Estimate [SD] = 4.34 [1.17]; p > .001; d = 0.48); and statistically significantly lower OCD symptoms (Estimate [SD] = 2.57[0.81]; p = .001; d = 0.34), compared to completing GGN-AD. No differences between groups were observed in emotional symptoms and self-esteem.

CONCLUSION: GGOC-AD appears to be a promising tool for addressing OCD risk factors and enhancing adolescents' mental well-being.},
}

@article {pmid42416464,
year = {2026},
author = {Khadour, YS and Mreabi, K and Elmohazzem, A and Zoghby, R and Salman, H and Hammoud, B},
title = {Primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma mimicking breast carcinoma: a diagnostic challenge - case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {138},
number = {7},
pages = {2426-2430},
pmid = {42416464},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare malignancy that may clinically and radiologically mimic breast carcinoma. Accurate pathological diagnosis is essential to guide treatment and avoid unnecessary radical surgery.

PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 47-year-old woman presented with a painless right breast mass and ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy. Initial core-needle histology was interpreted as grade 2 invasive ductal carcinoma, and the patient underwent right mastectomy with axillary dissection. Postoperative immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed tumor cells positive for CD20 and negative for cytokeratin and T-cell markers, consistent with primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PB-DLBCL). The patient received six cycles of R-CHOP and remains in complete remission at a 2-year follow-up.

DISCUSSION: PBL may be morphologically indistinguishable from carcinoma on limited H&E sections. Therefore, IHC is essential to differentiate lymphoma from epithelial malignancy; when feasible, adequate preoperative sampling and targeted immunostains should be considered to prevent unnecessary mastectomy. R-CHOP chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for PB-DLBCL.

CONCLUSION: Consider PBL in the differential diagnosis of breast masses. Adequate sampling and IHC are crucial to directing appropriate, non-surgical therapy.},
}

@article {pmid42417209,
year = {2026},
author = {Yoo, J and Karthikeyan, R and Kamat, K and Chan, C and Samankan, S and Arbzadeh, E and Schwartz, A and Latham, PS and Chung, I},
title = {Mechanosensitive TRPV4 immunohistochemistry improves deep learning-based classification of ductal carcinoma in situ beyond H&E morphology.},
journal = {The journal of pathology. Clinical research},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {e70106},
doi = {10.1002/2056-4538.70106},
pmid = {42417209},
issn = {2056-4538},
support = {/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; //Elsa U. Pardee Foundation/ ; //Technology Maturation Award from the George Washington University Technology Commercialization Office/ ; //GW Cancer Center Katzen Research Program/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *TRPV Cation Channels/analysis/metabolism ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/classification/diagnosis ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Deep Learning ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/classification/diagnosis/chemistry ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/classification ; },
abstract = {Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) spans a biologic continuum from atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) to high-grade lesions with variable risk of progression to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), yet morphologic assessment by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) remains diagnostically limited, particularly at the benign versus ADH/low-grade DCIS boundary. TRPV4, a mechanosensitive ion channel with pathology-dependent subcellular localization in DCIS, offers a biologically motivated immunohistochemical (IHC) marker that may refine classification beyond routine H&E assessment. We tested whether deep learning models trained on TRPV4 IHC outperform H&E-based models across the DCIS progression spectrum. We assembled a multi-institutional cohort of H&E and TRPV4 IHC whole-slide images from 108 patients, comprising an internal development cohort (n = 69), an external test cohort (n = 39), yielding 24,248 annotated tiles. Histopathological tiles from annotated regions were grouped into four ordered classes: normal/benign, ADH/low-grade DCIS, high-grade DCIS, and IDC. Xception and EfficientNet-B0 convolutional neural networks were trained with patient-level three-fold cross-validation on the development cohort and evaluated as ensembles on the external test cohort. On external patient-level testing, H&E ensembles achieved macro-F1 values of 0.43-0.44 and macro-AUC values of 0.73-0.80, whereas TRPV4 IHC ensembles improved performance to macro-F1 values of 0.68-0.72 and macro-AUC values of 0.91-0.92, corresponding to a 54.5-67.4% relative improvement in patient-level macro-F1. Patient-level per-class analyses showed the largest AUC gains with TRPV4 IHC versus H&E for ADH/low-grade DCIS (0.94-0.95 versus 0.61-0.70) and IDC (0.77-0.85 versus 0.61-0.69). Per-class analyses showed the largest gains with TRPV4 IHC versus H&E for ADH/low-grade DCIS (AUC, 0.83-0.84 versus 0.70-0.81) and IDC (AUC, 0.74-0.79 versus 0.65-0.66). These findings support TRPV4 IHC as a mechanistically grounded complement to H&E that improves patient-level discrimination across the DCIS progression spectrum, with the strongest gains for ADH/low-grade DCIS and IDC, in a pilot multi-institutional setting.},
}

Humans
*TRPV Cation Channels/analysis/metabolism
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/classification/diagnosis
Female
Immunohistochemistry
*Deep Learning
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/classification/diagnosis/chemistry
*Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/classification

@article {pmid42403765,
year = {2026},
author = {Tahir, A and Ahmad, N and Ahsan, B and Asif, H and Khan, MH},
title = {From Solid Tumor to Hematologic Malignancy: A Case Report of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Following Breast Cancer Treatment.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {e110169},
pmid = {42403765},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that typically presents with bleeding tendencies and cytopenias. It is commonly associated with the PML::RARA fusion and, if not recognized early, can lead to severe coagulopathy and early mortality. Although post-cytotoxic therapy APL has been described following exposure to chemotherapy or radiation, its occurrence after breast cancer treatment, especially in patients managed primarily with hormonal therapy, is exceptionally rare. We are reporting a case of a 50-year-old female with estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, grade III invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast (cT2N1M0), treated with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs and letrozole) and zoledronic acid, followed by breast-conserving surgery, axillary dissection, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Post-treatment imaging showed no recurrence. One year later, she presented to the emergency department with epigastric and retrosternal pain, melena, dyspnea, and spontaneous bruising. ECG revealed T-wave inversions with elevated troponin I, raising the suspicion of myocardial infarction. Laboratory workup showed leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and 84% abnormal promyelocytes on peripheral smear. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was positive for the PML::RARA fusion gene, confirming APL, supported by bone marrow biopsy and flow cytometry. She was initiated on all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), idarubicin, allopurinol, and steroids due to a high leukocyte count. This case highlights post-cytotoxic therapy APL and its rare presentation following breast cancer treatment.},
}

@article {pmid42391874,
year = {2026},
author = {Kroon, LJ and Cruz Oliveira, C and Hollemans, E and Bangma, CH and Roobol, MJ and Downes, MR and Nguyen, NJ and Choiniere, R and van der Kwast, TH and van Klaveren, D and van Leenders, GJLH},
title = {Improved prostate cancer grading by incorporating Gleason pattern quantification, invasive cribriform and intraductal carcinoma in the new QUICC-score.},
journal = {Annals of diagnostic pathology},
volume = {85},
number = {},
pages = {152675},
doi = {10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2026.152675},
pmid = {42391874},
issn = {1532-8198},
abstract = {Pathological Gleason grading is the cornerstone of risk assessment in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Detailed Gleason pattern (GP) quantification and presence of invasive cribriform and intraductal carcinoma (CR/IDC) have recently been recognized to optimize risk stratification. This proof-of principle-study aimed to develop a comprehensive numerical pathological score including GP4 and 5 percentage and CR/IDC presence in radical prostatectomy (RP) to predict biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS). The novel QUICC score was developed using RP data from 835 patients who had undergone RP in one medical center in The Netherlands (2000-2017). Regression coefficients of the Fine and Gray model that discriminated best for BCRFS were translated into a point score, which was externally validated in 435 patients who had undergone RP in Canada (2010-2017). Predictive performance was measured using area under the time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC). At 10-year follow-up in the development cohort, 234 patients experienced BCR and 72 metastasis. The QUICC score outperformed Grade Groups for predicting BCRFS and MFS in both the development cohort (AUC BCRFS 0.83 versus 0.73; MFS 0.90 versus 0.78) and the validation cohort (AUC BCRFS 0.69 versus 0.65; MFS 0.83 versus 0.76). The QUICC score attributes 1 point per percent GP4, 2 points per percent GP5, and 100 points if CR/IDC is present, adding up to a maximum of 300 points. This provides a simpler risk estimate aiming to improve interpretation of pathological variables in clinical nomograms for clinicians and patients.},
}

@article {pmid42383253,
year = {2026},
author = {Hikmawati, S and Kardinah, and Putri, RI and Laiman, V and Mupangat, I and Irfan, RM and Noor, ZA and Laskarsantri, PN and Safitri, LS and Wahyono, A and Heriyanto, DS and Choridah, L},
title = {High Mammographic Density in Younger Women and Its Implications for Breast Cancer Subtypes.},
journal = {International journal of breast cancer},
volume = {2026},
number = {},
pages = {8401844},
pmid = {42383253},
issn = {2090-3170},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High breast density is commonly observed in younger breast cancer patients (<45 years), and Asian women generally have dense breasts even beyond the age of 45 years. Its relationship with breast cancer subtypes and its profile remains unclear. This study is aimed at exploring the association between mammographic density and breast cancer molecular subtypes.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study evaluating mammographic density based on the 2013 BI-RADS classification among breast cancer patients at Dharmais Cancer Hospital between 2021 and 2023 was conducted. Clinicopathological variables-including histological subtype, tumor grade, ER, PR, HER2 status, Ki-67 index, and molecular subtypes by immunohistochemistry-were analyzed.

RESULTS: High breast density (BI-RADS C and D) was observed in 69% of patients, with Category C being the most common (57.1%). Invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type was the most prevalent and 47.2% of tumors were high grade. Most tumors were ER-negative (67.1%), PR-negative (59.6%), and HER2 0 (54.0%), with high Ki-67 index in 70.2% of cases. Age was associated with breast Density C and D and TNBC molecular subtype (p < 0.05). HER2, Ki-67, and molecular subtype were negatively correlated with ER (r = -0.217, r = -0.283, and r = -0.851, respectively; p < 0.05) and with PR (r = -0.169, r = -0.287, and r = -0.840, respectively; p < 0.05). Conversely, HER2 and Ki-67 expressions were positively correlated with more aggressive molecular subtypes (r = 0.307 and r = 0.354, respectively; p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Younger breast cancer patients were associated with higher breast density and more aggressive tumor subtypes, which correlated with HER2 and Ki-67 expressions in breast cancer. These underscore the relevance of age-related biological factors in shaping breast cancer characteristics. However, among Indonesian women over 45 years old, the proportion of high breast density remains remarkably high (65.6%), suggesting that factors beyond age-such as genetic, hormonal, or lifestyle influences-may contribute to the persistence of dense breast tissue in this population.},
}

@article {pmid42391054,
year = {2026},
author = {Shenkman, G and Shrira, A and Shaia, Y and Doga, AP and Palgi, Y},
title = {Daily Loneliness and Subjective Well-being as a Function of Older Adults' Sexual Orientation.},
journal = {The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbag131},
pmid = {42391054},
issn = {1758-5368},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Although loneliness has been consistently linked to poorer subjective well-being (SWB) in later life, little is known about how this association fluctuates daily or whether it varies as a function of sexual orientation. Drawing on evidence regarding the cumulative effects of prolonged stigma exposure and intersecting identities in later life, the present study examines whether the daily coupling between loneliness and SWB differs between older lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and heterosexual adults, due to the double jeopardy of age and sexual minority related stigmas.

METHODS: Community-dwelling lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual middle-aged and older adults (N = 151, M  age = 59.73, range = 50-79) completed measures of daily loneliness and SWB indicated by happiness, positive affect, and negative affect over 14 consecutive days.

RESULTS: Older LGB respondents reported greater negative affect, as well as lower happiness, compared with their heterosexual counterparts. Additionally, on days characterized by higher loneliness, participants reported lower daily happiness and positive affect and higher negative affect. These day-to-day associations were stronger among older LGB than heterosexual respondents, although no such moderating effect was observed for positive affect.

DISCUSSION: Examining day-to-day variations in loneliness and SWB among older adults across sexual orientation groups is pivotal. From an applied perspective, this line of research can help identify older minority populations that may be especially susceptible to the detrimental emotional consequences of daily loneliness.},
}

@article {pmid42391667,
year = {2026},
author = {Yadav, AK and Deshmukh, M},
title = {BlockFedMed: A blockchain-federated learning framework for privacy-preserving mortality prediction across heterogeneous intensive care units.},
journal = {International journal of medical informatics},
volume = {220},
number = {},
pages = {106574},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2026.106574},
pmid = {42391667},
issn = {1872-8243},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Electronic health records are distributed across different hospitals that work on powerful AI models but cannot be shared due to HIPAA and GDPR regulations. Federated learning (FL) avoids raw data sharing, yet lacks tamper-evident consent governance, adversarial robustness, and verifiable differential privacy (DP) accounting leaving regulatory compliance undemonstrated.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and externally validate BlockFedMed, a blockchain-orchestrated FL framework providing cryptographically verifiable consent, model-update integrity, and on-chain DP audits for multi-site ICU mortality prediction, and to quantify its operational clinical impact beyond algorithmic performance.

METHODS: BlockFedMed integrates Hyperledger Fabric v2.5 with a federated bidirectional LSTM and Gaussian DP (ε=3.2, δ=10[-5]). Three smart contracts govern consent (CMC), integrity (Mic), and incentive (Idc). The Byzantine fault-tolerant aggregator FedMed-Bft accepts only Mic-verified updates. Design-phase training used MIMIC-IV (n=52,167 ICU admissions). External validation used the entirely independent eICU Collaborative Research Database (n=200,859; 208 hospitals), unseen during model development.

RESULTS: On external eICU validation, BlockFedMed achieved an AUROC of 0.841 (95% CI: 0.828-0.854) for in-hospital mortality, which was 7.4 points above Local-Only (p<0.001) and within 3.1% of the regulatory-prohibited centralised upper bound. Simulated consent-management latency fell 71% (from 28.3 min to 8.2 min per cohort) under controlled workflow conditions; prospective clinical measurement remains as future work. The Fabric network sustained 1240 TPS at 1.83 s latency. FedMed-Bft maintained AUROC ≥0.836 under six simultaneous Byzantine participants, all correctly flagged on-chain.

CONCLUSIONS: BlockFedMed delivers externally validated ICU mortality prediction with cryptographically auditable privacy and consent governance, demonstrating that blockchain-FL provides strong promise for meeting both clinical performance and regulatory compliance requirements simultaneously, pending prospective multi-centre deployment validation.},
}

@article {pmid42378023,
year = {2026},
author = {Deng, S and Xu, J and Deng, D and Li, X and Ying, C and Ma, H and Zhou, JG},
title = {An Advanced Triple Positive Breast Cancer Developed Endometrial Metastasis After Anti-HER2-Based Therapy Failed: A Case Report and Review.},
journal = {Journal of adolescent and young adult oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {21565333261464973},
doi = {10.1177/21565333261464973},
pmid = {42378023},
issn = {2156-535X},
abstract = {Early endometrial metastasis from triple-positive breast cancer is a rare phenomenon in young patients, especially when anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) target therapy is used as the primary treatment. We present a case of a 24-year-old patient with advanced triple positive breast cancer. The patient developed abnormal uterine bleeding during chemotherapy combined with anti-HER2 therapy (trastuzumab plus pyrotinib). Due to the transvaginal sonography are not characteristic and the low incidence rate of endometrial metastasis from breast cancer, this potential diagnosis was overlooked. The disease progressed rapidly thereafter, and the overall survival was only 13 months. The swift and devastating progression highlight the immense challenges in managing such complex cases. It remains a current challenge to identify such cases at an early stage and explore more effective therapeutic regimens. Based on this case review and previous studies, we speculate that disease progression might be attributed to the absence of endocrine therapy, chemotherapy resistance, or insufficient anti-HER2 therapeutic intensity. This case provides new insights into the metastatic pattern of HER2-positive breast cancer under targeted drug resistance. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of reproductive system metastasis during anti-tumor treatment. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment are expected to improve patient prognosis.},
}

@article {pmid42371320,
year = {2026},
author = {Fennig, S and Kirshtein, A and Landman, Y and Weiner, N and Fenig, E and Sharon, E},
title = {Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer: Long-Term Experience.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42371320},
issn = {1534-4681},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Targeted intraoperative radiation therapy (TARGIT-IORT) is a promising alternative to standard external radiation for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer. However, American Society for Radiation Oncology guidelines have limited its use. We aimed to present our long-term results with the use of TARGIT-IORT in a very restricted population.

METHODS: The electronic records of a tertiary medical center were retrospectively searched for women diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma from 2014 to 2023. Inclusion criteria were age > 50 years, unifocal disease, tumor size < 3 cm, and clinical subtype estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-non-amplified. Those with a favorable pathology after completion of lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) underwent TARGIT-IORT consisting of delivery of a single high dose of radiation (20 Gy) to an applicator inserted into the tumor bed using low-energy X-rays (50 Kv) over 22-29 minutes. Follow-up consisted of clinical examination every 6 months in the first 2 years and then mammography and breast ultrasound annually.

RESULTS: The cohort included 219 patients with a median age of 66 years (range 50-83). During a median follow-up of 85 months, there was one case each (0.45%) of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence, axillary lymph node recurrence, and isolated liver metastasis. In total, 20 patients (9.1%) had minor wound complications, and three (1.4%) had fat necrosis, self-limiting in all cases, with no need for hospital readmission.

CONCLUSION: TARGIT-IORT is associated with excellent local control, very high survival rates, and a very low toxicity profile for low-risk early breast cancer, consistent with the TARGIT-A trial and should be offered to patients when suitable.},
}

@article {pmid42377095,
year = {2026},
author = {Lau, Y and Zhou, L and Chung, YM and Tam, HL and Wong, SH},
title = {Barriers and Facilitators for Medication Safety in Emergency Care Using a SEIPS Model: A Qualitative Study.},
journal = {Journal of nursing management},
volume = {2026},
number = {1},
pages = {e3268082},
doi = {10.1155/jonm/3268082},
pmid = {42377095},
issn = {1365-2834},
support = {NEPNU_2024_LY//Nethersole Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Unit-Nethersole Group Hospitals/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Qualitative Research ; *Patient Safety/standards ; *Medication Errors/prevention & control/nursing ; Female ; Adult ; Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration ; Interviews as Topic/methods ; Middle Aged ; *Emergency Medical Services/methods/standards ; },
abstract = {AIM: The present study aimed to investigate the facilitators and barriers encountered by primary nurses and designated checkers in their participation with the designated independent double-checking (IDC) process for the administration of high-alert medications in the emergency department, employing the systems engineering initiative for patient safety (SEIPS) framework.

BACKGROUND: Designated IDC acts as a safety measure to prevent medication errors, provided by an experienced checker. However, the facilitators and barriers that influence this process remain unclear.

METHODS: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using a purposive sample of 26 primary nurses and designated checkers. Data were collected through individual semistructured interviews and analysed using Braun and Clarke's six phases of thematic analysis.

RESULTS: Our analysis revealed 15 facilitators and 16 barriers, which were classified according to the SEIPS domains: environment, organisation, people, task, tools and technology, process and outcome.

CONCLUSION: The findings concerning the facilitators and barriers to implementing a designated IDC are a vital initial step in developing evidence-based interventions to enhance medication safety.

The findings may suggest the maintenance of clear documentation, the promotion of effective communication, the conduct of regular audits, and the incorporation of IDC training into both orientation programmes and in-service training, which is especially crucial for junior staff. These factors guide policymakers in restructuring the environmental layout, standardising IDC guidelines, ensuring sufficient staffing, fostering a nonhierarchical atmosphere, and promoting the adoption of technology.},
}

Humans
Qualitative Research
*Patient Safety/standards
*Medication Errors/prevention & control/nursing
Female
Adult
Emergency Service, Hospital/organization & administration
Interviews as Topic/methods
Middle Aged
*Emergency Medical Services/methods/standards

@article {pmid42377639,
year = {2026},
author = {Soliman, RH and Shi, C and Fisher, KE and Yu, H and El-Dana, F and Cao, X and Liang, L and Ying, P and Zhang, S},
title = {Oncocytic Intraductal Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland with STRN::ALK Fusion.},
journal = {Head and neck pathology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42377639},
issn = {1936-0568},
mesh = {Humans ; *Parotid Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; *Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology ; Female ; *Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics/pathology ; Calmodulin-Binding Proteins ; Membrane Proteins ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; },
abstract = {Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) of the salivary gland is an uncommon epithelial neoplasm characterized by a predominantly intraductal or intracystic proliferation rimmed by a myoepithelial cell layer. Advances in molecular profiling have revealed recurrent gene fusions in IDC, most frequently involving RET, although fusions implicating other kinase genes have also been described. Among these, ALK rearrangements are rare and remain poorly characterized. Herein, we report a case of oncocytic IDC of the parotid gland harboring a STRN::ALK fusion, further expanding the molecular landscape of this tumor. Although this fusion has been previously reported in intercalated duct IDC, to our knowledge, this is the first report of this specific fusion in oncocytic IDC.},
}

Humans
*Parotid Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
*Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/genetics
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics/pathology
Female
*Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
*Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics/pathology
Calmodulin-Binding Proteins
Membrane Proteins
Nerve Tissue Proteins

@article {pmid42362392,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, Y and Miyamoto, H},
title = {Cribriform intraductal carcinoma of the prostate may have a greater prognostic impact even than Gleason grade 5 conventional prostatic adenocarcinoma.},
journal = {Pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pathol.2026.04.001},
pmid = {42362392},
issn = {1465-3931},
abstract = {The grading of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC) associated with conventional/acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma (CPA) remains debatable, particularly regarding the prognostic significance of IDC exhibiting cribriform (Crib) morphology versus Gleason grade 4 or even grade 5 (G5) CPA. We retrospectively analysed radical prostatectomy findings and long-term oncological outcomes in 823 consecutive patients with Grade Group 2-5 CPA, excluding those exhibiting IDC with a solid nest pattern or comedonecrosis. Our cases were stratified into four cohorts based on the absence or presence of Crib-IDC and/or G5-CPA: cohort 1, Crib-IDC(-)/G5-CPA(-) (n=550, 66.8%); cohort 2, Crib-IDC(-)/G5-CPA(+) (n=44, 5.3%); cohort 3, Crib-IDC(+)/G5-CPA(-) (n=182, 22.1%); and cohort 4, Crib-IDC(+)/G5-CPA(+) (n=47, 5.7%). Compared with Crib-IDC(+)/G5-CPA(-) cases, Crib-IDC(+)/G5-CPA(+) cases showed significantly adverse histopathology in all evaluated variables, including Grade Group, pT and pN stages, surgical margin status, and estimated tumour volume. However, significant differences were limited to Grade Group between Crib-IDC(-)/G5-CPA(+) and Crib-IDC(+)/G5-CPA(-) cases, and to pT stage and tumour volume between Crib-IDC(-)/G5-CPA(+) and Crib-IDC(+)/G5-CPA(+) cases. On univariate analysis, the risk of post-operative biochemical recurrence was significantly higher in Crib-IDC(+)/G5-CPA(-) [hazard ratio (HR) 1.951, p=0.028] or Crib-IDC(+)/G5-CPA(+) (HR 2.696, p=0.003) cases than in Crib-IDC(-)/G5-CPA(+) cases but not between Crib-IDC(+)/G5-CPA(-) and Crib-IDC(+)/G5-CPA(+) (HR 1.451, p=0.097). On multivariable Cox regression analysis [Crib-IDC(-)/G5-CPA(+) as a reference], both Crib-IDC(+)/G5-CPA(-) (HR 2.171, p=0.028) and Crib-IDC(+)/G5-CPA(+) (HR 2.028, p=0.048) remained significantly associated with recurrence risk. Compared to G5-CPA alone, Crib-IDC, even in cases with no concurrent G5-CPA, was found to represent an independent adverse prognostic indicator, suggesting a potentially greater clinical impact of Crib-IDC than that of G5-CPA.},
}

@article {pmid42370800,
year = {2026},
author = {Khursheed, N and Andrabi, SI and Thakur, N and Qadir, Q and Ashraf, S and Farooq, A and Rashid, S and Jabeen, F and Khan, WY and Khursheed, AU and Zargar, MA and Asiaf, A and Ganie, SA},
title = {TRAIL-R2 in the shadows: Epigenetic silencing and clinical implications in breast cancer.},
journal = {Oncotarget},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {316-328},
doi = {10.18632/oncotarget.28891},
pmid = {42370800},
issn = {1949-2553},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; *Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/genetics/metabolism ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Gene Silencing ; Middle Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Adult ; },
abstract = {Copyright: &copy; 2026 Khursheed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Breast cancer is considered to be one of the most widespread malignancies, however, its molecular processes are not fully comprehended. Another important epigenetic process that regulates the expression of genes in cancer is promoter methylation. TRAIL-R2 is also a key mediator of apoptosis but its clinical implications and epigenetic regulation in breast cancer are not clearly understood. In this research, the level of the promoter of the gene TRAIL-R2 in the matched tumor and normal breast tissues was analyzed using methylation-specific PCR and the level of the mRNA and protein products in the matched tumor and normal breast tissues were measured using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Methylation of TRAIL-R2 promoter was significantly enhanced in tumor tissues and was negatively correlated with the levels of mRNA and protein. We found that hypermethylation was much more common in invasive ductal carcinoma patients and in patients with a history of use of oral contraceptives. A decreased expression of mRNA of TRAIL-R2 was significantly related to advanced TNM stage (III–IV) and the absence of progesterone receptor, and low protein expression was significantly related to postmenopausal status. These results suggest that aggressive clinicopathological phenotypes are associated with TRAIL-R2 silencing via promoter hypermethylation that may be relevant as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in breast cancer.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism
*DNA Methylation
Promoter Regions, Genetic
*Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/genetics/metabolism
*Epigenesis, Genetic
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Gene Silencing
Middle Aged
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Adult

@article {pmid42348544,
year = {2026},
author = {Mizuma, M and Hirakawa, S and Tachimori, H and Kumamaru, H and Itoi, T and Egawa, S and Kawai, M and Kodama, Y and Satoi, S and Nakata, K and Hamada, S and Yasuda, I and Kakeji, Y and Shirabe, K and Unno, M and Shimosegawa, T and Okazaki, K and Takeyama, Y and Masamune, A},
title = {Clinical Statistics and Outcomes of Pancreatic Neoplasms in Japan: A Retrospective Cohort Study using the Japan Pancreatic Cancer Registry.},
journal = {Pancreas},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/MPA.0000000000002694},
pmid = {42348544},
issn = {1536-4828},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The Japan Pancreatic Cancer Registry (JPCR), managed by the Japan Pancreas Society, has adopted the National Clinical Database (NCD) platform for data registration. This study aimed to describe the nationwide annual trends and clinical outcomes of pancreatic neoplasms using this NCD-based registry (NCD-JPCR) for the first time.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the NCD-JPCR for pancreatic neoplasms registered between 2012 and 2018. The annual epidemiological trends and survival outcomes were evaluated for major pancreatic neoplasms, including invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).

RESULTS: In total, 47,005 patients were registered from 1,062 departments, with approximately 600 departments contributing annually. IDC was the most common diagnosis (n=36,204; 77.0%), followed by intraductal (n=4,498; 9.6%), cystic (n=2,687; 5.7%), and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (n=2,494; 5.3%). In the survival analysis of IDC, patients who underwent resection showed a significantly longer median overall survival (mOS) in 2015-2018 than in 2012-2014 (34.5 months [n=17,328] vs. 29.7 months [n=9,623]; P<0.0001). Similarly, mOS for patients who did not undergo resection significantly improved in 2015-2018 compared with 2012-2014 (10.2 months [n=5,733] vs. 9.0 months [n=3,326]; P<0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: Treatment outcomes for IDC showed significant improvements from the early to the late 2010s for both patients who did and did not undergo resection. These findings may reflect nationwide progress in the multidisciplinary management of pancreatic cancer in Japan.},
}

@article {pmid42351409,
year = {2026},
author = {Ibrahim, EG and Mahmoud, SS and Taha, RA and Zayed, HA},
title = {Fluorescence Profiling of Water-Based Breast Tissue Homogenates Combined With Chemometric Analyses for Discrimination of Benign and Malignant Lesions.},
journal = {Journal of biophotonics},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {e70316},
doi = {10.1002/jbio.70316},
pmid = {42351409},
issn = {1864-0648},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Female ; *Water/chemistry ; *Breast/pathology/metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Principal Component Analysis ; ROC Curve ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer diagnosis is clinically challenging, particularly in distinguishing benign lesions, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). This study evaluates multimodal autofluorescence spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis for breast tissue classification. A total of 145 ex vivo specimens (56 IDC, 54 DCIS, 35 benign) were analyzed using excitation spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, and two-dimensional integrated-emission mapping (2D-IEM). Spectral data were decomposed via parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and assessed using PCA with Bonferroni-corrected ANOVA and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Excitation fluorescence demonstrated good discrimination for benign (area under the curve, AUC = 0.85) and IDC (AUC = 0.83) tissues, with moderate DCIS performance (AUC = 0.75). Synchronous modality enhanced differentiation of overlapping fluorophores, revealing tumor-specific metabolic signatures. PARAFAC resolved three biologically relevant components-protein-related, metabolic, and porphyrin-associated-enabling clear tissue group separation. These findings establish multimodal autofluorescence spectroscopy as a robust, label-free approach with strong potential for intraoperative margin assessment and diagnostic support.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/metabolism
Spectrometry, Fluorescence
Female
*Water/chemistry
*Breast/pathology/metabolism
Diagnosis, Differential
Principal Component Analysis
ROC Curve

@article {pmid42351527,
year = {2026},
author = {Hwang, J and Han, BK and Ko, ES and Choi, JS and Lee, J and Kim, H and Kim, MK and Lee, H and Ko, EY},
title = {Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Breast: Clinical and Radiological Findings.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics16121869},
pmid = {42351527},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with limited data on imaging features and treatment response. This study investigated the clinical and radiological characteristics of ACC of the breast. Methods: Patients with ACC who underwent surgery at our institution between February 2010 and December 2023 were included. Clinical characteristics, biopsy and surgical pathology findings, and follow-up outcomes were reviewed. Preoperative mammography, ultrasound (US), and MRI findings were analyzed. Results: Twenty-eight women (mean age, 57 ± 8 years) were identified. Half presented with palpable masses, and the remainder were detected on screening. Percutaneous biopsy was performed in 27 patients, correctly diagnosing ACC in 18 (66.7%), whereas 9 (33.3%) were misdiagnosed as having invasive ductal carcinoma. The mean tumor size was 2.9 cm (range, 0.9-8 cm), with axillary metastasis in two women (7.1%). Most tumors were triple-negative (78.6%), while six showed low estrogen-receptor positivity (<10%). Ki-67 was <20% in 64.3%, with no high values (≥75%). Three patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with two non-responders. No recurrences occurred during a median follow-up of 51 months. Imaging revealed masses on mammography (85.2%), US (92.9%), and MRI (92.3%), with calcifications in two cases. Most lesions were highly suspicious (BI-RADS 4C or 5) and showed increased vascularity in 92.3% on Doppler US. Conclusions: Breast ACC typically presents as a hypervascular, highly suspicious mass. Despite frequent triple-negative profiles, it shows low proliferation, poor response to chemotherapy, and favorable prognosis.},
}

@article {pmid42352402,
year = {2026},
author = {Spears, M and Lock, M and Yaremko, B and Talebian, V and Kerhoulas, Z and Lynn, KS and Tran, WT and Gelman, N and Mouawad, M and Gaede, S and Maciver, A and Hopkins, M and Liao, L and Lu, FI and Kornecki, A and Formenti, SC and Demaria, S and Brackstone, M},
title = {Determining Optimal Fractionation of Neoadjuvant Radiation in Low-Risk, Early-Stage Breast Cancer-Randomized SIGNAL Clinical Trial.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18121867},
pmid = {42352402},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant partial breast irradiation using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a strategy to induce tumor and immune responses in early-stage, low-risk breast cancer. While prior studies have demonstrated encouraging response rates and evidence of immune modulation, the optimal radiotherapy regimen for immune priming remains unclear. SIGNAL 2.0 is a randomized phase II trial designed to compare the biological and immunological impact of a single-fraction versus three-fraction neoadjuvant SBRT.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one postmenopausal patients ≥ 50 years with unifocal, hormone positive, node-negative invasive ductal carcinoma < 3 cm were randomized 1:1 to receive either 21 Gy in one fraction or 30 Gy in three fractions, delivered to the tumor in the prone position. Core biopsies were collected pre-SBRT and 14-20 days post-SBRT at the time of surgery. Immune markers were assessed using tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) scoring, NanoString nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling, and NanoString GeoMx Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP).

RESULTS: Available tumor samples from 47 patients underwent paired tissue analysis. Three-fraction SBRT induced 200 differentially expressed genes, including enrichment of pathways related to adaptive immune activation, with significant increases in expression levels of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils and CD8 T-cells. Proteomic profiling also identified a significant increase in the expression levels of neutrophils, Treg cells, macrophages, and NK cells in the tumor microenvironment of the samples from patients receiving the three-fraction regimen.

CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant SBRT induces measurable immune activation, with three-fraction regimens generating more extensive transcriptional, proteomic, and cellular immune changes than a single fraction. Three-fraction neoadjuvant SBRT may provide superior immune priming, providing a foundation for future trials integrating neoadjuvant radiotherapy with immunomodulatory therapies.},
}

@article {pmid42352403,
year = {2026},
author = {Kato, M and Tsuzuki, T and Yokomizo, A and Kimura, T and Sasaki, K and Shiota, M and Mori, K and Kato, T and Kawahara, T and Koguchi, D and Hashine, K and Sugimoto, M and Eto, M and Nishiyama, H and Kitamura, H and , },
title = {Pathological Predictors of Limited Salvage Radiotherapy Efficacy After Radical Prostatectomy: Central Review of JCOG0401.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers18121868},
pmid = {42352403},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {2020-J-3 and 2023-J-03//National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund/ ; JP21K06933 and 24K10131//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The multicenter randomized trial JCOG0401 showed that initial salvage radiotherapy (SRT) before salvage hormonal therapy (SHT) significantly prolonged time to treatment failure (TTF) compared with SHT alone. This central pathology analysis aimed to explore pathological features potentially associated with reduced relative benefit from SRT, while distinguishing prognostic from predictive effects.

METHODS: We re-analyzed 167 patients from JCOG0401 (SHT: 81, SRT ± SHT: 86). Prostatectomy specimens were re-evaluated, focusing on tertiary Gleason pattern (GP) 5 and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P). Cox proportional hazards models assessed exploratory interaction effects between pathological features and the treatment effect of bicalutamide on TTF. Pathological subgroups in which SRT failed to improve TTF over SHT alone were defined as having reduced benefit from SRT.

RESULTS: Adverse pathological features associated with shorter TTF with limited SRT included Gleason score (≥8), GP5, tertiary GP5, IDC-P, positive surgical margins, lymphovascular invasion, and advanced pathological T stage. Exploratory Interaction analyses suggested that IDC-P and tertiary GP5 may be associated with reduced relative benefit from SRT. Among patients without IDC-P, SRT significantly improved TTF (HR 0.330, 95%CI 0.161-0.673), whereas no significant benefit was observed in those with IDC-P (HR: 0.771, 95% CI: 0.446-1.332). Similarly, the absence of tertiary GP5 was associated with a marked benefit from SRT (HR: 0.099, 95% CI: 0.021-0.466), whereas this effect was not observed with tertiary GP5 (HR: 0.760, 95% CI: 0.400-1.443).

CONCLUSIONS: IDC-P and tertiary GP5 may represent pathological features associated with reduced relative benefit from SRT after radical prostatectomy. These findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating and require prospective validation in independent cohorts. Careful pathological evaluation may help identify patients who could benefit from treatment intensification or alternative postoperative strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41770443,
year = {2026},
author = {Matsumoto, S and Takasu, S},
title = {Diagnostic utility of postmortem serum tumor markers for identifying primary malignancies: A forensic evaluation of six markers.},
journal = {Forensic science, medicine, and pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41770443},
issn = {1556-2891},
support = {22K17417//MEXT KAKENHI/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Tumor markers are widely used for the diagnosis of malignancies in clinical settings; however, their utility in postmortem specimens remains insufficiently explored. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of six major serum tumor markers—carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), cancer antigen 15–3 (CA15-3), cancer antigen 19–9 (CA19-9), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC)—in postmortem blood samples. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 178 forensic autopsy cases performed at our institution between July 1, 2015, and March 31, 2024. The control group comprised 103 cases in which the patients died from non-neoplastic causes. The presence of malignancy, primary tumor sites, and histological subtypes were analyzed in relation to tumor marker levels. RESULTS: Among the six markers, CA15-3, CA19-9, CEA, and CA125 demonstrated high diagnostic performance for specific cancers. CA15-3 showed excellent discriminatory ability for breast cancer, including invasive ductal carcinoma (area under the curve [AUC] > 0.99). CEA was effective in detecting colorectal cancer, CA125 in detecting pancreatic and colorectal cancers, and CA19-9 in detecting cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic cancer, all with AUC values exceeding 0.9. In contrast, AFP and SCC showed limited diagnostic value for malignancy detection. Notably, the optimal cutoff values for postmortem samples were substantially higher than conventional clinical reference values, underscoring the necessity for postmortem-specific diagnostic thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that tumor markers retain organ-specific diagnostic utility even in postmortem serum and may serve as useful adjunctive tools in forensic pathology. Further validation through larger multicenter studies is warranted.},
}

@article {pmid41811647,
year = {2026},
author = {Ru, L and Tang, Y and Zhang, J and Shi, R and Yin, D and Zhang, Y and Kong, Y and Du, J and Wang, P},
title = {Time-dependent diffusion MRI for non-invasive differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions and evaluation of proliferation index biomarkers.},
journal = {Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {653-665},
pmid = {41811647},
issn = {1880-4233},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To establish a dual-task assessment framework using time-dependent diffusion MRI (td-dMRI) for: (1) differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions classified as BI-RADS category 4, and (2) preoperatively predicting the proliferation marker Ki-67 in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 152 consecutive patients between June 2024 and June 2025. Patients with BI-RADS 4 lesions detected on ultrasound/mammography, no prior biopsy or treatment, and scheduled for surgical resection. Modalities included MRI using the IMPULSED protocol with PGSE and OGSE sequences. A two-compartment biophysical model quantified microstructural parameters including intracellular volume fraction (fin), mean cell diameter (d-mean), cellularity, extracellular diffusion coefficient (Dex), and ADC values. The final cohort comprised 42 benign and 102 malignant lesions (82 IDC cases). Multivariable logistic regression identified independent predictors, with diagnostic performance assessed through ROC analysis. RESULTS: A total of 144 patients (mean age, 52.2 ± 9.5 years) were evaluated. All td-dMRI parameters demonstrated significant differences between benign and malignant lesions (p < 0.05). Malignant lesions exhibited significantly lower ADC (PGSE), ADC (OGSE), d-mean, and Dex, but higher cellularity and fin compared with benign lesions. The combined diagnostic model (cellularity + d-mean + ADC (OGSE33Hz)) achieved the highest performance with an AUC of 0.892 (95% CI 0.834–0.950), sensitivity of 94%, and specificity of 92%, significantly outperforming conventional ADC (PGSE). Among 82 IDC patients, fin showed a strong correlation with the Ki-67 index (p < 0.001). The Ki-67 prediction model (fin + d-mean + ADC (OGSE33Hz)) yielded an AUC of 0.825 (95% CI 0.736–0.914), significantly outperforming individual parameters (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The td-dMRI-based technique effectively differentiated benign from malignant breast lesions and provided noninvasive prediction of Ki-67 status in IDC, offering valuable tools for clinical decision-making.},
}

@article {pmid42336606,
year = {2026},
author = {Elmakki, M and Alasaly, R and Syed, G},
title = {Incidental Detection of Aggressive HER2-Positive Breast Cancer on [99m]Tc-Sestamibi Parathyroid Scintigraphy.},
journal = {Journal of nuclear medicine technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2967/jnmt.126.272186},
pmid = {42336606},
issn = {1535-5675},
abstract = {A 71-y-old woman with primary hyperparathyroidism underwent [99m]Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT for preoperative localization. The study showed a left inferior parathyroid adenoma and, on extended field-of-view review, an intensely [99m]Tc-sestamibi-avid 1.5-cm lesion in the left breast. Diagnostic mammography and ultrasonography classified the lesion as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System category 5, prompting a core biopsy that revealed Nottingham grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2] overexpression [3+]), with a Ki-67 index of 80%. After sentinel lymph node mapping, the patient underwent wide local excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Final pathology demonstrated a 1.9-cm grade 3 carcinoma with associated ductal carcinoma in situ and a 1-mm nodal micrometastasis identified in a sentinel lymph node. She completed adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and HER2-targeted therapy, with no recurrence at 2-y follow-up. This case emphasizes deliberate review of the complete hybrid SPECT/CT field of view during parathyroid imaging.},
}

@article {pmid42343460,
year = {2026},
author = {Liang, H and Fan, J and Xu, K and Song, H and Gan, C and Wang, G and Kang, Q and Liu, J and He, D and Fan, J and Wu, K},
title = {A pathological morphology parameter-based prognostic nomogram for high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical prostatectomy: a retrospective study.},
journal = {World journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12957-026-04442-z},
pmid = {42343460},
issn = {1477-7819},
support = {2023-JC-QN-0890//the Natural Science Foundation in Shaanxi Province/ ; NSFC 81202014//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022SF-307//Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of these pathological morphology alterations induced by neoadjuvant therapy in high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients is still unclear. Hence, this study retrospectively reviewed the data of 124 patients with high-risk PCa who underwent neoadjuvant therapy followed by radical prostatectomy (RP), and aimed to explore the prognostic value of pathological morphology alterations.

METHODS: Data from 124 patients with high-risk PCa who underwent neoadjuvant therapy followed by RP were retrospectively reviewed. Pathological morphology alterations observed in RP specimens were independently recorded by two uropathologists, and the primary endpoint was biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS). Cox regression analyses were performed to explore independent predictors of bPFS, and a nomogram was developed. The C-index, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram.

RESULTS: Among 124 patients, 66 patients (53.2%) were treated with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT), and 58 patients (46.8%) were treated with neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NCHT). Moreover, 11 patients (8.9%) had a complete reduction in glandular density and diameter, and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) was observed in 8 patients (6.5%). Cox regression revealed that NHT, pelvic lymph node (LN) metastasis, positive surgical margins, negative reduction in glandular density and diameter, and IDC-P were associated with worse bPFS (all P < 0.05), and those factors were subsequently selected to develop a nomogram. The C-index was 0.813 (95% CI: 0.626-0.863), and time-dependent C-index were 0.902 (6 months), 0.882 (12 months), and 0.951 (24 months). The calibration curves showed a high consistency between the predicted and observed bPFS probabilities, and DCA confirmed the nomogram's clinical utility across a range of threshold probabilities.

CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic LN metastasis, positive surgical margins and IDC-P were independent prognostic factors for high-risk PCa, and NCHT might significantly improve bPFS compared with the NHT. In addition, the degree of reduction in glandular density and diameter was also associated with bPFS, and the nomogram based on pathological morphology parameters-intended for postoperative risk stratification-might be helpful in clinical decision-making.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Retrospectively registered.},
}

@article {pmid42345180,
year = {2026},
author = {Sutanto, H and Savitri, M and Ashariati, A and Hendarsih, E and Romadhon, PZ and Diansyah, MN and Amrita, PNA and Bintoro, SUY},
title = {Temporal Hematologic Alterations in Women Receiving Pharmacotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Prospective Analysis.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP},
volume = {27},
number = {6},
pages = {2301-2314},
doi = {10.31557/APJCP.2026.27.6.2301},
pmid = {42345180},
issn = {2476-762X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects ; Adult ; Neutrophils/drug effects/pathology ; Blood Platelets/drug effects ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology ; Cytopenia ; Lymphocytes/pathology/drug effects ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer pharmacotherapy commonly results in hematologic toxicity and systemic inflammatory shifts that may compromise treatment tolerance. This study evaluated baseline hematologic characteristics and early hematologic changes following pharmacotherapy among patients treated in second-referral centers in Indonesia.

METHODS: This prospective cohort study enrolled 106 women with confirmed breast cancer between January and October 2025. Hematologic evaluations were performed before treatment and at Weeks 1 and 3. Assessed parameters included hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet counts, differential counts, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV). Friedman's two-way analysis of variance by ranks was used for pre-post comparisons. Subgroup comparisons between survivors and non-survivors used Mann-Whitney U tests.

RESULTS: The mean age was 51.9 ± 9.7 years, with most patients presenting with locally advanced disease (58.5%) and invasive ductal carcinoma (84%). Baseline hemoglobin averaged 11.9 g/dL and leukocyte count 7.5 × 10³/µL. Marked hematologic suppression occurred after therapy: leukocyte and absolute neutrophil counts declined significantly at week 1 with partial recovery by week 3 (p <0.001). Inflammatory indices showed substantial fluctuations, with significant changes in PLR, MLR, and PIV (all p <0.001). Anemia increased from 51.9% at baseline to 74.0% post-therapy. Neutropenia occurred in 1.9% at baseline, 41.7% at week 1, and 1.1% at week 3. Among survival subgroups, only MLR differed significantly (p = 0.043).

CONCLUSION: The mean age was 51.9 ± 9.7 years, with most patients presenting with locally advanced disease (58.5%) and invasive ductal carcinoma (84%). Baseline hemoglobin averaged 11.9 g/dL and leukocyte count 7.5 × 10³/µL. Marked hematologic suppression occurred after therapy: leukocyte and absolute neutrophil counts declined significantly at week 1 with partial recovery by week 3 (p <0.001). Inflammatory indices showed substantial fluctuations, with significant changes in PLR, MLR, and PIV (all p <0.001). Anemia increased from 51.9% at baseline to 74.0% post-therapy. Neutropenia occurred in 1.9% at baseline, 41.7% at week 1, and 1.1% at week 3. Among survival subgroups, only MLR differed significantly (p = 0.043).},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology
Middle Aged
Prospective Studies
Prognosis
Follow-Up Studies
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
Adult
Neutrophils/drug effects/pathology
Blood Platelets/drug effects
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology
Cytopenia
Lymphocytes/pathology/drug effects

@article {pmid42330802,
year = {2026},
author = {Fantone, S and Tossetta, G and Sanguedolce, F and Goteri, G and Marzioni, D and Mazzucchelli, R},
title = {Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 evaluation in intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal carcinoma of the prostate: An immunopathological study.},
journal = {Tissue & cell},
volume = {103},
number = {},
pages = {103713},
doi = {10.1016/j.tice.2026.103713},
pmid = {42330802},
issn = {1532-3072},
abstract = {The origin of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) in presence of prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) is a matter of debate. This study evaluates trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) expression in prostatic high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), IDC-P and PCa to explain the possible mechanism for IDC-P arising. Trop-2 was localized in the luminal epithelium of normal prostate gland, HGPIN and IDC-P. The quantitative analysis of immunohistochemistry showed no difference of Trop-2 expression between HGPIN and IDC-P, while statistically significant differences were observed comparing the two pathologies with normal tissues. Contrarily, Trop-2 was expressed in 2.5% of the basal cells in normal prostate gland and in 1% of HGPIN while Trop-2 was expressed in 8% of cells in IDC-P samples. We suggest that Trop-2 present in the basal cells may acquire neoplastic changes. The neoplastic cells could grow into the glandular lumen as HGPIN and/or spread into the duct as IDC-P or spread into the stroma as PCa. In conclusion, our data in part support the theory of intraductal carcinoma origin through retrograde glandular colonization.},
}

@article {pmid42332929,
year = {2026},
author = {Carone, N and Shenkman, G and W Bos, HM},
title = {Gender and sexual diversity over the life cycle in families formed through assisted reproduction.},
journal = {Journal of reproductive and infant psychology},
volume = {44},
number = {4},
pages = {895-897},
doi = {10.1080/02646838.2026.2672270},
pmid = {42332929},
issn = {1469-672X},
}

@article {pmid42321996,
year = {2026},
author = {Ebersbach, P and Nallala, J and Shepherd, N and Stone, N and Moger, J},
title = {Beyond Color: Hybrid Vibrational-Electronic Broadband Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering for Molecularly Informed Digital Pathology.},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.analchem.6c01408},
pmid = {42321996},
issn = {1520-6882},
abstract = {We demonstrate that broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tissue generates a hybrid vibrational-electronic spectroscopic contrast arising from coupled Raman-active vibrations and chromatin-hematoxylin electronic resonances. This hybrid response, inaccessible to conventional spontaneous Raman or infrared microscopy due to fluorescence and substrate interference, transforms routine histology slides into sources of quantitative molecular information. The resulting spectra encode both Raman-active vibrations and resonance-modulated four-wave-mixing contributions arising from hemalum-chromatin interactions, thereby linking histological color contrast to quantitative, machine-readable spectral features. In breast tissue microarrays, we show (i) pixel-wise wavenumber-shift mapping that resolves subnuclear domains and highlights necrosis-associated nuclear shrinkage; (ii) phase-retrieved Raman-like spectra that separate hemalum-associated resonant features from nonpigmented contributions attributable to processing reagents; and (iii) nucleus-level discrimination of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) using a PCA-LDA workflow. This study is a feasibility demonstration rather than a clinical validation, but establishes electronically enhanced BCARS on routine H&E slides as a route to unlock archival repositories for molecular phenotyping and AI-enabled histopathology.},
}