@article {pmid38632117,
year = {2024},
author = {Podda, M and Ceresoli, M and Di Martino, M and Ortenzi, M and Pellino, G and Pata, F and Ielpo, B and Murzi, V and Balla, A and Lepiane, P and Tamini, N and De Carlo, G and Davolio, A and Di Saverio, S and Cardinali, L and Botteri, E and Vettoretto, N and Gelera, PP and De Simone, B and Grasso, A and Clementi, M and Meloni, D and Poillucci, G and Favi, F and Rizzo, R and Montori, G and Procida, G and Recchia, I and Agresta, F and Virdis, F and Cioffi, SPB and Pellegrini, M and Sartelli, M and Coccolini, F and Catena, F and Pisanu, A},
title = {Towards a tailored approach for patients with acute diverticulitis and abscess formation. The DivAbsc2023 multicentre case-control study.},
journal = {Surgical endoscopy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38632117},
issn = {1432-2218},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This multicentre case-control study aimed to identify risk factors associated with non-operative treatment failure for patients with CT scan Hinchey Ib-IIb and WSES Ib-IIa diverticular abscesses.

METHODS: This study included a cohort of adult patients experiencing their first episode of CT-diagnosed diverticular abscess, all of whom underwent initial non-operative treatment comprising either antibiotics alone or in combination with percutaneous drainage. The cohort was stratified based on the outcome of non-operative treatment, specifically identifying those who required emergency surgical intervention as cases of treatment failure. Multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors associated with the failure of non-operative treatment was employed.

RESULTS: Failure of conservative treatment occurred for 116 patients (27.04%). CT scan Hinchey classification IIb (aOR 2.54, 95%CI 1.61;4.01, P < 0.01), tobacco smoking (aOR 2.01, 95%CI 1.24;3.25, P < 0.01), and presence of air bubbles inside the abscess (aOR 1.59, 95%CI 1.00;2.52, P = 0.04) were independent predictors of failure. In the subgroup of patients with abscesses > 5 cm, percutaneous drainage was not associated with the risk of failure or success of the non-operative treatment (aOR 2.78, 95%CI - 0.66;3.70, P = 0.23).

CONCLUSIONS: Non-operative treatment is generally effective for diverticular abscesses. Tobacco smoking's role as an independent risk factor for treatment failure underscores the need for targeted behavioural interventions in diverticular disease management. IIb Hinchey diverticulitis patients, particularly young smokers, require vigilant monitoring due to increased risks of treatment failure and septic progression. Further research into the efficacy of image-guided percutaneous drainage should involve randomized, multicentre studies focussing on homogeneous patient groups.},
}

@article {pmid38615466,
year = {2024},
author = {Dourado, J and Jassir, FF and Pavlovsky, A and Blumofe, K},
title = {Perforated jejunal diverticulitis in the setting of biologic therapy presenting as transverse Colon diverticulitis: A case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {118},
number = {},
pages = {109615},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109615},
pmid = {38615466},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Small bowel diverticula are a rare entity and are mostly found in the duodenum on diagnosis. Some common complications of this pathology include bleeding, obstruction, diverticulitis, and perforation. Furthermore, there is growing evidence supporting an association between biologic therapies and spontaneous intestinal perforation.

PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a case of a 79-year-old female on prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, and tofacitinib for rheumatoid arthritis who was misdiagnosed with transverse colonic diverticulitis and eventually found to have perforated jejunal diverticulitis on laparotomy.

DISCUSSION: While tofacitinib has been associated with spontaneous intestinal perforation, it has not been documented as an aggravating factor in small bowel diverticular disease.

CONCLUSION: It is imperative to maintain a high index of suspicion for this pathology in immunosuppressed patients with an atypical presentation of diverticular disease.},
}

@article {pmid38598172,
year = {2024},
author = {Krieg, S and Kolbe, EW and Loosen, SH and Roderburg, C and Krieg, A and Kostev, K},
title = {Is there a link between appendicitis and the risk of diverticular disease?: a large German cohort study.},
journal = {International journal of colorectal disease},
volume = {39},
number = {1},
pages = {50},
pmid = {38598172},
issn = {1432-1262},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Appendicitis, characterized by inflammation of the vermiform appendix, is a common abdominal emergency necessitating appendectomy. Recent evidence suggests a potential link between appendicitis and subsequent diverticular disease, yet population-based studies investigating this association are limited.

METHODS: Utilizing the Disease Analyzer database encompassing data from over 1000 primary care practices in Germany, we conducted a retrospective cohort study. We included 25,379 adults diagnosed with appendicitis and an equal number of matched controls without appendicitis. The incidence of diverticular disease over a 10-year follow-up period was compared between the two cohorts. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the association between appendicitis and diverticular disease, adjusting for potential confounders.

RESULTS: Our findings revealed a significant association between appendicitis and subsequent diverticular disease (HR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.57-1.97), with an increased risk observed across all age groups. Notably, this association was stronger in men (HR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.68-2.37) than in women (HR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.36-1.84). The cumulative 10-year incidence of diverticular disease was higher in patients with appendicitis (6.5%) compared to those without (3.6%). Additionally, we observed a clear age-dependent increase in the incidence of diverticular disease.

CONCLUSION: This large-scale population-based study provides valuable insights into the interaction between appendicitis and diverticular disease. The study underscores the need for further research elucidating the underlying mechanisms linking appendicitis to diverticular disease. Probiotics emerge as a potential therapeutic avenue warranting exploration in the management of both conditions. These findings have important implications for clinical practice, highlighting the importance of considering appendicitis as a potential risk factor for diverticular disease, particularly in men. Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings and explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting the shared pathophysiological pathways underlying both conditions.},
}

@article {pmid38585039,
year = {2024},
author = {Bachelani, AM and Holton, LA},
title = {Factors affecting minimally invasive surgery utilization during elective colectomies for diverticular disease in the United States.},
journal = {Surgery open science},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {14-19},
pmid = {38585039},
issn = {2589-8450},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Compared with open surgery, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been shown to have improved outcomes when treating diverticular disease. This study aimed to analyze recent trends in MIS utilization for elective colectomy for diverticular disease and to identify individual variables and hospital characteristics associated with MIS utilization.

METHODS: This population-based study examined individuals from the National Inpatient Sample who underwent elective colectomy for diverticular disease from 2016 to 2019.

RESULTS: Hospitals in the Midwest used MIS less than those in other geographic regions. Rural hospitals used MIS less than urban hospitals. Hospital bed size and teaching status were not associated with differences in MIS utilization. Patients with private insurance were more likely to have an MIS operation. There was also a racial disparity in MIS utilization, even after adjusting for insurance status.

CONCLUSIONS: While there is no longer any variance in MIS utilization based on hospital bed size or teaching status, disparities concerning patient race remain, even after adjusting for insurance status. Further investigation is needed to determine the roots of these disparities.},
}

@article {pmid38583262,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, J and Ruan, X and Fu, T and Lu, S and Gill, D and He, Z and Burgess, S and Giovannucci, EL and Larsson, SC and Deng, M and Yuan, S and Li, X},
title = {Sedentary lifestyle, physical activity, and gastrointestinal diseases: evidence from mendelian randomization analysis.},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
volume = {103},
number = {},
pages = {105110},
doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105110},
pmid = {38583262},
issn = {2352-3964},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The causal associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with the risk of gastrointestinal disease are unclear. We performed a Mendelian randomization analysis to examine these associations.

METHODS: Genetic instruments associated with leisure screen time (LST, an indicator of a sedentary lifestyle) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) at the genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10[-8]) level were selected from a genome-wide association study. Summary statistics for gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank study, the FinnGen study, and large consortia. Multivariable MR analyses were conducted for genetically determined LST with adjustment for MVPA and vice versa. We also performed multivariable MR with adjustment for genetically proxied smoking, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, type 2 diabetes, and fasting insulin for both exposures.

FINDINGS: Genetically proxied longer LST was associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal reflux, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and acute appendicitis. Most associations remained after adjustment for genetic liability to MVPA. Genetic liability to MVPA was associated with decreased risk of gastroesophageal reflux, gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, acute and chronic pancreatitis. The associations attenuated albeit directionally remained after adjusting for genetically predicted LST. Multivariable MR analysis found that BMI and type 2 diabetes mediated the associations of LST and MVPA with several gastrointestinal diseases.

INTERPRETATION: The study suggests that a sedentary lifestyle may play a causal role in the development of many gastrointestinal diseases.

FUNDING: Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province (LR22H260001), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2021JJ30999), Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (Hjärt-Lungfonden, 20210351), Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, 2019-00977), Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden), the Wellcome Trust (225790/7/22/Z), United Kingdom Research and Innovation Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00002/7) and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (NHIR203312).},
}

@article {pmid38572374,
year = {2024},
author = {Obata, K and Uchiyama, K and Murai, R},
title = {Endoscopic and clinicopathological features of segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis.},
journal = {DEN open},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {e356},
pmid = {38572374},
issn = {2692-4609},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD) has close endoscopic and pathological similarities to ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. Clinical data on SCAD are limited in Japan. We examined the endoscopic and clinicopathological features of patients with SCAD.

METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included 13 patients with SCAD between 2012 and 2022. Endoscopic findings were categorized as follows: type A (swollen red patches 5-10 mm at the top of mucosal folds), mild and moderate type B (mild-to-moderate UC-like findings), type C (aphthous ulcers resembling Crohn's disease), and type D (severe UC-like findings).

RESULTS: Overall, six, five, and two patients were diagnosed with type A, mild type B, and moderate type B disease, respectively. Among the type A cases, two spontaneously progressed to moderate type B and one escalated to type D, necessitating an emergency sigmoidectomy owing to perforation peritonitis, despite repeated antibiotic treatments. Histopathologically, diffuse neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration with cryptitis were noted in all type A cases, whereas UC-like alterations were observed in type B and D cases. Seven type B cases were treated with oral 5-aminosalicylic acid and/or salazosulfapyridine. Clinical remission was achieved in three mild type B cases and one moderate type B case, while clinical relapse and remission were noted in three moderate type B cases. No anti-inflammatory treatment was required in three type A and two mild type B cases.

CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive anti-inflammatory treatment should be considered for SCAD with UC-like findings due to the potential risk of severe ulceration, stenosis, and/or perforation.},
}

@article {pmid38563552,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Zhu, J and Tang, Y and Huang, C},
title = {Association of periodontitis with gastrointestinal tract disorders: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.},
journal = {Journal of periodontology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/JPER.23-0560},
pmid = {38563552},
issn = {1943-3670},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The bidirectional link of periodontitis (PD) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders has been investigated in previous epidemiological studies; however, the conclusions still remain controversial. The aim of this study was to comprehensively explore the bidirectional causal effect between PD and various GIT diseases.

METHODS: Based on summary-level data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was undertaken. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PD or GIT disorders (chronic gastritis [CG], gastric ulcer [GU], duodenal ulcer [DU], gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD], irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], and diverticular disease of the intestine [DI]) in GWASs were applied as exposure. The primary method employed was the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, and several sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate potential pleiotropy.

RESULTS: With regard to the investigation of the causality between PD and GIT disorders, the IVW method revealed that there is a causal impact of PD on GU (odds ratio [OR] 1.088; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.036-1.141; adjusted p = 0.004) and DI (OR 0.938; 95% CI, 0.911-0.965; adjusted p = 0.000). However, no significant genetic liability was observed for the causal effect of PD on CG, DU, GERD, and IBS. Furthermore, the primary analysis did not demonstrate a causal effect of GIT disorders on PD.

CONCLUSION: This MR study suggests that PD may be associated with an increased risk of GU and a reduced risk of DI, with possibly limited clinical relevance. Further studies are needed to support the conclusions of this MR study.},
}

@article {pmid38562396,
year = {2024},
author = {Taah-Amoako, P and Bediako-Bowan, AAA and Dakubo, JCB},
title = {The Prevalence and Management Outcomes of Diverticular Disease in a Tertiary Facility in Ghana.},
journal = {Journal of the West African College of Surgeons},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {141-145},
pmid = {38562396},
issn = {2992-5827},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diverticular disease of the colon, previously believed to be rare among Africans, is now an emerging disease entity in many African countries. The increasing morbidity and varied presentations are associated with this.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of diverticular disease among patients who underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopies over a 5-year period and evaluate the common presentations, interventions, and treatment outcomes at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Ghana.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who underwent either a colonoscopy or proctosigmoidoscopy between January 2017 and December 2021, at the KBTH. The records of patients admitted for complications of diverticular disease over the same period were also reviewed.

RESULTS: A total of 4266 patients underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy over the study period. Out of this, 380 were diagnosed with diverticular disease giving a prevalence of 8.91%. This comprised 58.95% male and 41.05% female. Their mean age was 67.02 (standard deviation ± 11.45). The age ranged from 26 to 95 years with a median of 67. Sixty-seven patients with 88 episodes of admission were managed for complications. The average age was 69.26 (SD ± 13.28) and ranged from 40 to 98 years with an interquartile range of 20 years. Complications were predominantly bleeding diverticular disease (94.32%), whereas 5.6% presented with diverticulitis. Ninety percent were managed conservatively, and 10% had surgical intervention.

CONCLUSION: This study concludes that the prevalence of diverticular disease among Ghanaians undergoing lower gastrointestinal endoscopy is still low and bleeding is the commonest indication for admission which is mostly managed conservatively.},
}

@article {pmid38540970,
year = {2024},
author = {Gallo, A and Covino, M and Baroni, S and Camilli, S and Ibba, F and Andaloro, S and Agnitelli, MC and Rognoni, FM and Landi, F and Montalto, M},
title = {Diagnostic Accuracy of Fecal Calprotectin in Discriminating Organic-Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Diseases and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Older Patients.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jpm14030227},
pmid = {38540970},
issn = {2075-4426},
abstract = {Fecal calprotectin (FC) has been largely recognized as a surrogate marker of intestinal neutrophilic inflammation, very reliable in distinguishing between inflammatory bowel diseases and functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Aging has been suggested to influence FC results and their diagnostic accuracy; however, no studies are specifically targeted on this focus. In a retrospective study, we evaluated the eventual age-differences of the diagnostic accuracy of FC in discriminating between organic-inflammatory GI diseases and functional GI disorders. In 573 younger and 172 older (≥65 years) subjects undergoing an FC assay, we found that the latter showed higher median FC values, 72 (25-260) µg/g vs. 47 (25-165) µg/g (p < 0.01). Younger patients were more commonly affected by IBDs, while colorectal cancer and high-risk polyps, infective colitis, and diverticular disease represented the most common findings in the older subgroup. However, the estimated optimum FC threshold in discriminating between organic-inflammatory GI diseases and functional GI disorders was quite similar between the two groups (109 μg/g for the younger subgroup and 98 μg/g for the older subgroup), maintaining a very high specificity. In conclusion, we show that FC also represents a very specific test for intestinal inflammation in older patients, at similar threshold levels to younger subjects.},
}

@article {pmid38505449,
year = {2024},
author = {Sahay, SC and Mangla, V and Kesarwani, P and Goel, A},
title = {Robotic-Assisted Colovesical Fistula Repair: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e54404},
pmid = {38505449},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Colovesical fistulas present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, commonly arising from complications of diverticular disease. In our case, a 71-year-old male with colovesical fistula symptoms underwent robotic-assisted surgery for complicated sigmoid diverticulitis. Intraoperatively, meticulous adhesiolysis and fistula repair were performed. Histopathology confirmed diverticular disease. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well. Colovesical fistulas may indicate underlying malignancy in diverticulitis. With a lack of standardized protocols, our case suggests that robotic-assisted surgery offers improved outcomes, better vision, and ergonomics. To conclude, robotic-assisted colovesical fistula repair and sigmoidectomy demonstrated excellent outcomes, suggesting a promising approach for enhanced postoperative recovery.},
}

@article {pmid38496209,
year = {2024},
author = {Rizzuto, A and Andreuccetti, J and Bracale, U and Silvestri, V and Pontecorvi, E and Reggio, S and Sagnelli, C and Peltrini, R and Amaddeo, A and Bozzarello, C and Pignata, G and Cuccurullo, D and Corcione, F},
title = {Shifting paradigms: a pivotal study on laparoscopic resection for colovesical fistulas in diverticular disease.},
journal = {Frontiers in surgery},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1370370},
pmid = {38496209},
issn = {2296-875X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Colovesical fistulas (CVFs) pose a challenge in diverticulitis, affecting 4% to 20% of sigmoid colon cases. Complicated diverticular disease contributes significantly, accounting for 60%-70% of all CVFs. Existing studies on laparoscopic CVF management lack clarity on its effectiveness in diverticular cases compared to open surgery. This study redefines paradigms by assessing the potentiality, adequacy, and utility of laparoscopy in treating CVFs due to complicated diverticular disease, marking a paradigm shift in surgical approaches.

METHODS: Conducting a retrospective analysis at Ospedale Monaldi A.O.R.N dei Colli and University Federico II, Naples, Italy, patients undergoing surgery for CVF secondary to diverticular disease between 2010 and 2020 were examined. Comprehensive data, including demographics, clinical parameters, preoperative diagnoses, operative and postoperative details, and histopathological examination, were meticulously recorded. Patients were classified into open surgery (Group A) and laparoscopy (Group B). Statistical analysis used IBM SPSS Statistic 19.0.

RESULTS: From January 2010 to December 2020, 76 patients underwent surgery for colovesical fistula secondary to diverticular disease. Laparoscopic surgery (Group B, n = 40) and open surgery (Group A, n = 36) showed no statistically significant differences in operative time, bladder suture, or associated procedures. Laparoscopy demonstrated advantages, including lower intraoperative blood loss, reduced postoperative primary ileus, and a significantly shorter length of stay. Postoperative morbidity differed significantly between groups. Mortality occurred in Group A but was unrelated to surgical complications. No reoperations were observed. Two-year follow-up revealed no fistula recurrence.

CONCLUSION: This pivotal study marks a paradigm shift by emphasizing laparoscopic resection and primary anastomosis as a safe and feasible option for managing CVF secondary to diverticular disease. Comparable conversion, morbidity, and mortality rates to the open approach underscore the transformative potential of these findings. The study's emphasis on patient selection and surgeon experience challenges existing paradigms, offering a progressive shift toward minimally invasive solutions.},
}

@article {pmid38490316,
year = {2024},
author = {Troelsen, FS and Farkas, DK and Erichsen, R and Strate, LL and Baron, JA and Sørensen, HT},
title = {Risk of Cancer in Patients with Diverticular Disease: A Population-based Cohort Study.},
journal = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cgh.2024.02.024},
pmid = {38490316},
issn = {1542-7714},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Several studies have investigated the association between diverticular disease (DD) and colorectal cancer. However, whether there is an association between DD and malignancies other than those in the colorectum remains uncertain.

METHODS: For the 1978-2019 period, we conducted a nationwide, population-based cohort study using national Danish healthcare data. We followed DD patients for up to 20 years, beginning one year after the date of DD diagnosis until the first occurrence of incident cancer, emigration, death, 20 years of follow-up, or December 31[st], 2019. We calculated cumulative incidence proportions of cancer and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) comparing cancer incidence among DD patients with that in the general population.

RESULTS: We identified 200,639 patients with DD, of whom 20,498 were diagnosed with cancer during the 1-20 years after their DD diagnosis. The SIRs were increased for most cancer sites except for those in the colorectum (SIR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.72-0.78]). The highest SIRs were observed for cancers of the lung, bronchi, and trachea (SIR, 1.20; 95% CI: 1.15-1.24) and kidney (SIR, 1.27; 95% CI: 1.16-1.39).

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show an increased long-term relative risk of cancer following a diagnosis of DD. These findings are likely due to prevalence of numerous risk factors in DD patients that confer an increased risk of cancer. The decreased relative risk of colorectal cancer might be explained by an increased likelihood of DD patients undergoing colonoscopy with polypectomy.},
}

@article {pmid38487561,
year = {2024},
author = {Williams, S and Bjarnason, I and Hayee, B and Haji, A},
title = {Diverticular disease: update on pathophysiology, classification and management.},
journal = {Frontline gastroenterology},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {50-58},
doi = {10.1136/flgastro-2022-102361},
pmid = {38487561},
issn = {2041-4137},
abstract = {Colonic diverticulosis is prevalent, affecting approximately 70% of the western population by 80 years of age. Incidence is rapidly increasing in younger age groups. Between 10% and 25% of those with diverticular disease (DD) will experience acute diverticulitis. A further 15% will develop complications including abscess, bleeding and perforation. Such complications are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and constitute a worldwide health burden. Furthermore, chronic symptoms associated with DD are difficult to manage and present a further significant healthcare burden. The pathophysiology of DD is complex due to multifactorial contributing factors. These include diet, colonic wall structure, intestinal motility and genetic predispositions. Thus, targeted preventative measures have proved difficult to establish. Recently, commonly held conceptions on DD have been challenged. This review explores the latest understanding on pathophysiology, risk factors, classification and treatment options.},
}

@article {pmid38479421,
year = {2024},
author = {Frieling, T},
title = {[Non-distinctive abdominal pain: is it diverticular disease or not?].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {149},
number = {7},
pages = {369-373},
doi = {10.1055/a-2063-0967},
pmid = {38479421},
issn = {1439-4413},
abstract = {Acute abdominal pain may relate to specific organ systems and needs an interdisciplinary approach with close collaboration between internal and surgical disciplines. Main objective is to shorten the diagnostic work-up between the beginning of the symptoms and their therapy. After clarifying of the five w-questions: when, how, how long, why, and where, abdominal ultrasound, ECG, laboratory diagnostics and early application of computed tomography should be performed.For the most part, chronic abdominal pain is caused by disorders of the gut-brain-axis such as the irritable bowel syndrome. Because of the synaptic plasticity, the processing of pain is dynamic and cannot be related to a single organ system. This problem is obvious in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and colonic diverticula, which may be interpreted as symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD, type 3a). However, a reliable clinical differentiation between both groups is not possible. The establishment of SUDD (type 3a) considerable widened the application area of mesalazine.},
}

@article {pmid38471466,
year = {2024},
author = {Völkerer, A and Wernly, S and Semmler, G and Flamm, M and Radzikowski, K and Datz, L and Aigner, E and Datz, C and Wernly, B},
title = {The Impact of Educational Status on the Occurrence of Colonic Diverticula: Insights from an Austrian Cohort Study.},
journal = {Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1159/000538308},
pmid = {38471466},
issn = {1423-0151},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Education often reflects socioeconomic status. Research indicates that lower socioeconomic status may increase the risk of diverticulosis, and ccording to data from the USA, diverticular disease is a significant and costly health problem. Our study explores the link between educational level and colonic diverticula occurrence.

SUBJECT AND METHODS: We conducted a cohort study on 5,532 asymptomatic Austrian patients who underwent colonoscopy, categorizing them by education level using the updated Generalized International Standard Classification of Education (GISCED). Logistic regression models, adjusting for age, gender, metabolic syndrome, diet, and activity, were used to determine the association between education and diverticulosis.

RESULTS: Overall, 39% of the patients had low educational status, while 53% had medium, and 8% had high educational status. Colon diverticula were less frequent in patients with medium (OR 0.73) and high (aOR 0.62) educational status. Medium educational level remained associated with lower rates of diverticulosis after adjustment for age and sex (aOR 0.85) and further metabolic syndrome, dietary habits, and physical activity (aOR 0.84). In higher education status this phenomenon was only seen by trend.

CONCLUSION: Low education correlated with higher colon diverticula risk, while medium education showed lower rates even after adjustments. This trend persisted at higher education levels, highlighting the potential for strategies for cost-reduction tailored to socioeconomic conditions.},
}

@article {pmid38459424,
year = {2024},
author = {Nantais, J and Baxter, NN and Saskin, R and Calzavara, A and Gomez, D},
title = {Short- and long-term outcomes of acute diverticulitis in patients with transplanted kidneys.},
journal = {Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/codi.16941},
pmid = {38459424},
issn = {1463-1318},
support = {/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; },
abstract = {AIM: The safety of nonoperative treatment for patients with transplanted kidneys who develop acute diverticulitis is unclear. Our primary aim was to examine the long-term sequelae of nonoperative management in this group.

METHOD: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study using linked administrative databases housed at ICES in Ontario, Canada. We included adult (≥18 years) patients admitted with acute diverticulitis between April 2002 and December 2019. Patients with a functioning kidney transplant were compared with those without a transplant. The primary outcome was failure of conservative management (operation, drainage procedure or death due to acute diverticulitis) beyond 30 days. The cumulative incidence function and a Fine-Grey subdistribution hazard model were used to evaluate this outcome accounting for competing risks.

RESULTS: We examined 165 patients with transplanted kidneys and 74 095 without. Patients with transplanted kidneys were managed conservatively 81% of the time at the index event versus 86% in nontransplant patients. Short-term outcomes were comparable, but cumulative failure of conservative management at 5 years occurred in 5.6% (95% CI 2.3%-11.1%) of patients with transplanted kidneys versus 2.1% (95% CI 2.0%-2.3%) in those without. Readmission for acute diverticulitis was also higher in transplanted patients at 5 years at 16.7% (95% CI 10.1%-24.7%) versus 11.6% (95% CI 11.3%-11.9%). Adjusted analyses showed increased failure of conservative management [subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) 3.24, 95% CI 1.69-6.22] and readmissions (sHR 1.55, 95% CI 1.02-2.36) for patients with transplanted kidneys.

CONCLUSION: Most patients with transplanted kidneys are managed conservatively for acute diverticulitis. Although long-term readmission and failure of conservative management is higher for this group than the nontransplant population, serious outcomes are infrequent, substantiating the safety of this approach.},
}

@article {pmid38453141,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, K and Wang, YC and Yang, KT and Huang, TH and Hung, YM and Chang, R},
title = {Association of diverticulitis and potential risk of ischemic stroke: population-based matched cohort study in Taiwan.},
journal = {Postgraduate medical journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/postmj/qgae010},
pmid = {38453141},
issn = {1469-0756},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested relationship between diverticular disease and cardiovascular disease. Since cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular accident share a lot of pathogenesis, diverticulitis could also be a risk factor for stroke. This study tried to establish epidemiological evidence of the relationship between colon diverticulitis and ischemic stroke.

METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with newly diagnosed colon diverticulitis (N = 6238) and patients without colon diverticulitis (control group; N = 24 952) were recruited between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2017. Both groups were matched by propensity score at a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, comorbidities and medications. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ischemic stroke. We also conducted 4 different regression models and 2 sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of our findings.

RESULTS: The diverticulitis group had a higher risk of IS than the control group (adjusted HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12-1.39; P < 0.001). Serial sensitivity analyses yielded consistent positive link between diverticulitis and IS. Further subgroup analysis showed that in the study group, the risk of IS was 2.54-fold higher than the matched controls in 30-39 years.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that colon diverticulitis was associated with a higher risk of developing subsequent ischemic stroke, especially for patients aged 30-39 years, among Asian population. This result provides us a chance to undertake preventive measures for ischemic stroke in high-risk patients.},
}

@article {pmid38443061,
year = {2024},
author = {Seo, J and Liu, H and Young, K and Zhang, X and Keku, TO and Jones, CD and North, KE and Sandler, RS and Peery, AF},
title = {Genetic and transcriptomic landscape of colonic diverticulosis.},
journal = {Gut},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331267},
pmid = {38443061},
issn = {1468-3288},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Colonic diverticulosis is a prevalent condition among older adults, marked by the presence of thin-walled pockets in the colon wall that can become inflamed, infected, haemorrhage or rupture. We present a case-control genetic and transcriptomic study aimed at identifying the genetic and cellular determinants underlying this condition and the relationship with other gastrointestinal disorders.

DESIGN: We conducted DNA and RNA sequencing on colonic tissue from 404 patients with (N=172) and without (N=232) diverticulosis. We investigated variation in the transcriptome associated with diverticulosis and further integrated this variation with single-cell RNA-seq data from the human intestine. We also integrated our expression quantitative trait loci with genome-wide association study using Mendelian randomisation (MR). Furthermore, a Polygenic Risk Score analysis gauged associations between diverticulosis severity and other gastrointestinal disorders.

RESULTS: We discerned 38 genes with differential expression and 17 with varied transcript usage linked to diverticulosis, indicating tissue remodelling as a primary diverticula formation mechanism. Diverticula formation was primarily linked to stromal and epithelial cells in the colon including endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, goblet, tuft, enterocytes, neurons and glia. MR highlighted five genes including CCN3, CRISPLD2, ENTPD7, PHGR1 and TNFSF13, with potential causal effects on diverticulosis. Notably, ENTPD7 upregulation was confirmed in diverticulosis cases. Additionally, diverticulosis severity was positively correlated with genetic predisposition to diverticulitis.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that tissue remodelling is a primary mechanism for diverticula formation. Individuals with an increased genetic proclivity to diverticulitis exhibit a larger numbers of diverticula on colonoscopy.},
}

@article {pmid38419785,
year = {2024},
author = {Aierken, A and Atabieke, F and Aierken, M and Li, J and Xia, Y and Aizezi, Y and Li, SX},
title = {No bidirectional relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and diverticular disease: a genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study.},
journal = {Frontiers in genetics},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1334473},
pmid = {38419785},
issn = {1664-8021},
abstract = {Background: Although previous studies found that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and diverticular disease (DD) usually co-exist clinically, studies examining the relationship are spare. Aim: Our study aspires to investigate the causal correlation between the IBD [including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD)] and DD using the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: We conducted a two-sample bidirectional MR analysis using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data associated with DD and IBD were obtained from the Finnish Biobank and UK Biobank, respectively. Through secondary data analysis of all GWAS summary data, we systematically screened genetic instrumental variables. To address the impact of horizontal pleiotropy, several methods were employed, including the inverse variance-weighted method (IVW), maximum likelihood method, Egger regression method, weighted median method, and simple median method. These approaches aimed to detect and correct for the potential bias caused by horizontal pleiotropy. Results: Genetically predicted DD did not have a causal effect on IBD (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.98-1.17, p = 0.15), and had no causal effect on UC (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.94-1.20, p = 0.36) and CD (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.92-1.16, p = 0.62) either. Furthermore, in the reverse MR analysis, we did not observe any significant causal effect of IBD on DD. Results of complementary methods showed consistent results with those of the IVW method. Conclusion: This study's findings do not provide evidence for a causal relationship between IBD and DD, which contradicts the majority of observational studies.},
}

@article {pmid38391336,
year = {2023},
author = {Shanmugasundaram, S and Gurusamy, U and Venkataswamy, C and Prabhakaran, VK},
title = {A rare association of non-IBD-related giant filiform polyposis and diverticular disease.},
journal = {Indian journal of pathology & microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_344_22},
pmid = {38391336},
issn = {0974-5130},
}

@article {pmid38369674,
year = {2024},
author = {Sabbagh, C and Beyer-Berjot, L and Ouaissi, M and Zerbib, P and Bridoux, V and Manceau, G and Karoui, M and Panis, Y and Buscail, E and Venara, A and Khaoudy, I and Gaillard, M and Ortega-Deballon, P and Viennet, M and Thobie, A and Menahem, B and Eveno, C and Bonnel, C and Mabrut, JY and Badic, B and Godet, C and Eid, Y and Duchalais, E and Lakkis, Z and Cotte, E and Laforest, A and Defourneaux, V and Maggiorri, L and Rebibo, L and Christou, N and Talal, A and Mege, D and Bonnamy, C and Germain, A and Mauvais, F and Tresallet, C and Ahmed, O and Regimbeau, JM and Roudie, J and Laurent, A and Trilling, B and Bertrand, M and Massalou, D and Romain, B and Tranchart, H and Giger, U and Dejardin, O and Pellegrin, A and Alves, A and , },
title = {Risk factors for severe morbidity and definitive stoma after elective surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis: a multicenter national cohort study.},
journal = {Techniques in coloproctology},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {34},
pmid = {38369674},
issn = {1128-045X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the decision to perform elective surgery, it is of great interest to have data about the outcomes of surgery to individualize patients who could safely undergo sigmoid resection. The aim of this study was to provide information on the outcomes of elective sigmoid resection for sigmoid diverticular disease (SDD) at a national level.

METHODS: All consecutive patients who had elective surgery for SDD (2010-2021) were included in this retrospective, multicenter, cohort study. Patients were identified from institutional review board-approved databases in French member centers of the French Surgical Association. The endpoints of the study were the early and the long-term postoperative outcomes and an evaluation of the risk factors for 90-day severe postoperative morbidity and a definitive stoma after an elective sigmoidectomy for SDD.

RESULTS: In total, 4617 patients were included. The median [IQR] age was 61 [18.0;100] years, the mean ± SD body mass index (BMI) was 26.8 ± 4 kg/m[2], and 2310 (50%) were men. The indications for surgery were complicated diverticulitis in 50% and smoldering diverticulitis in 47.4%. The procedures were performed laparoscopically for 88% and with an anastomosis for 83.8%. The severe complication rate on postoperative day 90 was 11.7%, with a risk of anastomotic leakage of 4.7%. The independent risk factors in multivariate analysis were an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥ 3, an open approach, and perioperative blood transfusion. Age, perioperative blood transfusion, and Hartmann's procedure were the three independent risk factors for a permanent stoma.

CONCLUSIONS: This series provides a real-life picture of elective sigmoidectomy for SDD at a national level.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Comité National Information et Liberté (CNIL) (n°920361).},
}

@article {pmid38344628,
year = {2024},
author = {Vigilante, N and Constantinescu, CS},
title = {Two Cases of Acute Diverticulitis Following Ocrelizumab Infusion in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e52032},
pmid = {38344628},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Ocrelizumab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody used to treat primary progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Several prior case reports have demonstrated colitis in association with ocrelizumab infusion, and one case report has shown ocrelizumab-associated diverticulitis. We report on two cases in which ocrelizumab treatment of multiple sclerosis was complicated by acute diverticulitis. A 50-year-old woman and a 41-year-old man, both with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, presented with acute abdominal pain. One patient had no known gastrointestinal history while the other had a history of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Both patients had received an ocrelizumab infusion one month prior to presentation. The woman underwent exploratory laparotomy, which revealed perforated sigmoid diverticulitis. The man was initially suspected of appendicitis and was treated with appendectomy, but a pathology review demonstrated diverticular disease in the appendix. In patients with multiple sclerosis on ocrelizumab, presentation with diverticulitis should include ocrelizumab-induced diverticulitis in the differential diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid38331045,
year = {2024},
author = {Troelsen, FS and Sørensen, HT and Erichsen, R},
title = {Risk of a post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer in patients with diverticular disease: A population-based cohort study.},
journal = {Endoscopy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1055/a-2264-8199},
pmid = {38331045},
issn = {1438-8812},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers (PCCRCs) may account for up to 30% of all colorectal cancers (CRCs) diagnosed in patients with diverticular disease (DD); however, the absolute and relative risks of PCCRC among DD patients undergoing colonoscopy remain unknown.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a cohort study (1995-2015) including DD and non-DD patients undergoing colonoscopy. We calculated 7-36-month cumulative incidence proportions (CIPs) of PCCRC. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to compute hazard ratios (HRs) of PCCRC comparing DD with non-DD patients undergoing colonoscopy, as a measure of relative risk. Finally, we calculated 3-year PCCRC rates, as recommended by the World Endoscopy Organization, to estimate the proportion of DD and non-DD patients with CRC who experience a PCCRC. We stratified all analyses by site of PCCRC.

RESULTS: We observed 373 PCCRC cases among 56,642 DD patients and 1,536 PCCRC cases among 306,800 non-DD patients. The CIP of PCCRC after a first-time colonoscopy was 0.45% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40%-0.51%) for DD patients and 0.36% (95% CI [0.34%-0.38%]) for non-DD patients. Comparing DD with non-DD patients, the adjusted HR of PCCRC after a first-time colonoscopy was 0.84 (95% CI [ 0.73-0.97]) while the corresponding HR of proximal PCCRCs was 1.23 (95% [CI: 1.01-1.50]). The 3-year PCCRC rate was 19.0% for DD patients (22% for proximal PCCRC location) and 6.5% for non-DD patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the absolute risk was low, the relative risk of proximal PCCRCs may be elevated in patients with DD undergoing colonoscopy compared with non-DD patients.},
}

@article {pmid38322683,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, YM and Xin, W and Liu, YF and Guan, ZM and Du, HW and Sun, NN and Liu, YD},
title = {Appendicitis combined with Meckel's diverticulum obstruction, perforation, and inflammation in children: Three case reports.},
journal = {World journal of clinical cases},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {865-871},
doi = {10.12998/wjcc.v12.i4.865},
pmid = {38322683},
issn = {2307-8960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Meckel's diverticulum is a common congenital malformation of the small intestine, with the three most common complications being obstruction, perforation, and inflammation. To date, only a few cases have been reported worldwide. In children, the clinical symptoms are similar to appendicitis. As most of the imaging features are nonspecific, the preoperative diagnosis is not precise. In addition, the clinical characteristics are highly similar to pediatric acute appendicitis, thus special attention is necessary to distinguish Meckel's diverticulum from pediatric appendicitis. Patients with poor disease control should undergo laparoscopic exploration to avoid serious complications, including intestinal necrosis, intestinal perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding.

CASE SUMMARY: This report presents three cases of appendicitis in children combined with intestinal obstruction, which was caused by fibrous bands (ligaments) arising from the top part of Meckel's diverticulum, diverticular perforation, and diverticular inflammation. All three patients, aged 11-12 years, had acute appendicitis as their initial clinical presentation. All were treated by laparoscopic surgery with a favorable outcome. A complete dataset including clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, surgical information, and histopathologic findings was also provided.

CONCLUSION: Preoperative diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum and its complications is challenging because its clinical signs and complications are similar to those of appendicitis in children. Laparoscopy combined with laparotomy is useful for diagnosis and treatment.},
}

@article {pmid38283500,
year = {2023},
author = {Tan, YR and Lee, JCS and A Sivarajah, SS and Chong, CXZ and Chua, HL and Bhutia, K},
title = {Colovaginal Fistula: An Uncommon Complication After Vaginal Hysterectomy and Pelvic Floor Repair With Mesh Surgery.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {e51221},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.51221},
pmid = {38283500},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {A colovaginal fistula (CVF) is an abnormal epithelialized connection between the colon and the vagina. It is a rare complication following gynaecology surgery and can significantly affect patients' quality of life. CVFs are commonly associated with diverticular disease and are usually seen in patients with a previous hysterectomy. We report an uncommon case of postsurgical CVF following vaginal hysterectomy with mesh-augmented pelvic floor repair, which was unrelated to diverticulitis. The patient was successfully managed by a multidisciplinary team with staged surgery.},
}

@article {pmid38273097,
year = {2024},
author = {Lippenberger, F and Ziegelmayer, S and Berlet, M and Feussner, H and Makowski, M and Neumann, PA and Graf, M and Kaissis, G and Wilhelm, D and Braren, R and Reischl, S},
title = {Development of an image-based Random Forest classifier for prediction of surgery duration of laparoscopic sigmoid resections.},
journal = {International journal of colorectal disease},
volume = {39},
number = {1},
pages = {21},
pmid = {38273097},
issn = {1432-1262},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Sigmoid diverticulitis is a disease with a high socioeconomic burden, accounting for a high number of left-sided colonic resections worldwide. Modern surgical scheduling relies on accurate prediction of operation times to enhance patient care and optimize healthcare resources. This study aims to develop a predictive model for surgery duration in laparoscopic sigmoid resections, based on preoperative CT biometric and demographic patient data.

METHODS: This retrospective single-center cohort study included 85 patients who underwent laparoscopic sigmoid resection for diverticular disease. Potentially relevant procedure-specific anatomical parameters recommended by a surgical expert were measured in preoperative CT imaging. After random split into training and test set (75% / 25%) multiclass logistic regression was performed and a Random Forest classifier was trained on CT imaging parameters, patient age, and sex in the training cohort to predict categorized surgery duration. The models were evaluated in the test cohort using established performance metrics including receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (AUROC).

RESULTS: The Random Forest model achieved a good average AUROC of 0.78. It allowed a very good prediction of long (AUROC = 0.89; specificity 0.71; sensitivity 1.0) and short (AUROC = 0.81; specificity 0.77; sensitivity 0.56) procedures. It clearly outperformed the multiclass logistic regression model (AUROC: average = 0.33; short = 0.31; long = 0.22).

CONCLUSION: A Random Forest classifier trained on demographic and CT imaging biometric patient data could predict procedure duration outliers of laparoscopic sigmoid resections. Pending validation in a multicenter study, this approach could potentially improve procedure scheduling in visceral surgery and be scaled to other procedures.},
}

@article {pmid38250215,
year = {2024},
author = {Jaber, F and Alsakarneh, S and Alsharaeh, T and Salahat, AJ and Elfert, K and Beran, A and Gangwani, MK and Abboud, Y and Al-Sayyed, L and Madi, MY and Jaber, M and Dahiya, DS and Numan, L and Duong, N},
title = {[Not Available].},
journal = {Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {101319},
pmid = {38250215},
issn = {0973-6883},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A gastrointestinal (GI) variant of Lemierre's syndrome (LS) involving Fusobacterium species causing pylephlebitis and possibly liver abscesses was recently identified. This systematic review aims to summarize the literature on this variant.

METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched up to November, 2nd, 2023 for case reports or case series detailing the GI variant of LS. Data regarding demographics, clinical features, and management were extracted. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis, including means, standard deviations, and percentages.

RESULTS: The cohort included 36 patients (mean age 50.8 years; predominantly men 72%). Positive blood cultures were detected in 88.8% of cases, primarily growing Fusobacterium nucleatum (47.2%) and Fusobacterium necrophorum (33.3%). The GI tract was the primary infection source (58.3%), mostly related to diverticular disease (25%). Common manifestations were fever (86.1%), abdominal pain (72.2%), and leukocytosis (86.1%). Thrombosis involved the portal vein in 77.7%, with isolated portal vein thrombosis (PVT) (44.4%) and PVT extending to the superior mesenteric vein (30.5%). Liver abscesses were detected in 50% of cases, with positive aspirate cultures in 92.3%. Treatment included penicillin/penicillin-lactamase inhibitors alone (17%) and ertapenem alone (17%). Abscess drainage (13/18) resulted in complete/near-complete resolution in 83%. Long-term anticoagulation therapy was given in 75% of cases, commonly using vitamin K antagonists (59.2%). No deaths occurred.

CONCLUSION: The GI variant of LS should be considered in patients with abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis, and portal/superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. Identifying Fusobacterium species in blood cultures and liver abscesses further supports the diagnosis. Management involves antibiotic therapy, abscess drainage, and long-term anticoagulation.},
}

@article {pmid38217679,
year = {2024},
author = {Ferent, IC and Lauro, A and Rinaldi, V and Frattaroli, S and Varanese, M and Saullo, P and Caronna, R},
title = {Treating a Bypass with Bypass Surgery: Repair of a Duodeno-sigmoid Fistula Complicating Acute Diverticulitis.},
journal = {Digestive diseases and sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38217679},
issn = {1573-2568},
abstract = {Diverticular disease is common in Western countries; one-third of patients with diverticular disease develop diverticulitis during their lifetime of whom 5% may experience serious complications. We describe a rare complication of diverticulitis: a duodeno-colic fistula in a patient with an elongated sigmoid colon (dolicosigma). The patient complained of abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and feculent vomiting. Radiological studies and gastroscopy demonstrated a fistula between the second portion of the duodenum and the sigmoid colon. Curative surgery cured the fistula and completely resolved its associated signs and symptoms.},
}

@article {pmid38199235,
year = {2024},
author = {Dahl, SA and Horváth-Puhó, E and Henderson, VW and Erichsen, R and Sørensen, HT},
title = {Diverticular disease and risk of dementia: a Danish population-based cohort study.},
journal = {Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jgh.16465},
pmid = {38199235},
issn = {1440-1746},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Patients with diverticular disease (DD) have ongoing chronic inflammation associated with changes in the gut microbiome, which might contribute to the development of dementia.

METHODS: Using Danish medical and administrative registries from 1980 to 2013, we conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study including all DD patients and a matched (5:1) general population comparison cohort without DD. A nested case-control analysis was then conducted using a risk set sampling, matching four DD controls without dementia to each DD patient with dementia. Clinical severity was categorized as uncomplicated DD (outpatient), conservatively treated DD (inpatient), and surgically treated DD.

RESULTS: 149 527 DD patients and 747 635 general population comparators were identified. The 30-year cumulative incidence of dementia among DD patients and general population comparators were 12.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.1-12.7) and 13.73% (95% CI 13.6-13.9), respectively. This corresponded to a 30-year hazard ratio (HR) of 1.10 (95% CI 1.1-1.1). The highest HRs were found in the conservatively treated DD group (1.15 95% CI 1.1-1.2) and the group with young onset of DD (1.52 95% CI 1.2-2.0). In the nested case-control analysis, we identified 8875 dementia cases and 35 491 matched controls. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for conservatively treated DD was increased (1.08, 95% CI; 1.0-1.2) compared to the reference of uncomplicated DD.

CONCLUSIONS: We observed a slight increased risk of dementia in patients with young onset DD and conservatively treated DD. Findings suggest an association between disease duration, perhaps reflecting the duration of gut inflammation, and the risk of developing dementia.},
}

@article {pmid38166334,
year = {2024},
author = {Fu, T and Sun, Y and Lu, S and Zhao, J and Dan, L and Shi, W and Chen, J and Chen, Y and Li, X},
title = {Risk Assessment for Gastrointestinal Diseases via Clinical Dimension and Genome-Wide Polygenic Risk Scores of Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.},
journal = {Diabetes care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2337/dc23-0978},
pmid = {38166334},
issn = {1935-5548},
support = {LR22H260001//Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province/ ; 82204019//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate whether individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were at higher risk of developing a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases based on a population-based cohort study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study included 374,125 participants free of gastrointestinal disorders at baseline; of them, 19,719 (5.27%) with T2D were followed-up by linking to multiple medical records to record gastrointestinal disease diagnoses. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and CIs. Logistic models were used to examine the associations between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and clinical gastrointestinal phenotypes.

RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, we observed the new onset of 15 gastrointestinal diseases. Compared with nondiabetes, participants with T2D had an increased risk of gastritis and duodenitis (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.51-1.65), peptic ulcer (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.43-1.71), diverticular disease (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.14-1.24), pancreatitis (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.24-1.71), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (HR 2.46, 95% CI 2.25-2.69), liver cirrhosis (HR 2.92, 95% CI 2.58-3.30), biliary disease (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.10-1.26), gastrointestinal tract cancers (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17-1.40), and hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer (HR 2.32, 95% CI 2.01-2.67). Positive associations of PRS of T2D with gastritis, duodenitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were also observed.

CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort study, we found that T2D was associated with increased risks of a wide range of gastrointestinal outcomes. We suggest the importance of early detection and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders among patients with T2D.},
}

@article {pmid38158721,
year = {2023},
author = {Alali, AA and Almadi, MA and Barkun, AN},
title = {Review article: Advances in the management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding.},
journal = {Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/apt.17859},
pmid = {38158721},
issn = {1365-2036},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a common emergency with substantial associated morbidity and mortality. Elective colonoscopy plays an essential role in management, with an even more important role for radiology in the acute setting. Recent advances in the management of patients with LGIB warrant review as the management has recently evolved.

AIMS: To provide a comprehensive and updated overview of advances in the approach to patients with LGIB METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search to examine the current data for this narrative review supplemented by expert opinion.

RESULTS: The incidence of LGIB is increasing worldwide, partly related to an ageing population and the increasing use of antithrombotics. Diverticulosis continues to be the most common aetiology of LGIB. Pre-endoscopic risk stratification tools, especially the Oakland score, can aid appropriate patient triage. Adequate resuscitation continues to form the basis of management, while appropriate management of antithrombotics is crucial to balance the risk of worsening bleeding against increased cardiovascular risk. Radiological imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of acute LGIB, especially among unstable patients. Colonoscopy remains the gold-standard test for the elective management of stable patients.

CONCLUSIONS: The management of LGIB has evolved significantly in recent years, with a shift towards radiological interventions for unstable patients while reserving elective colonoscopy for stable patients. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimise the outcomes of patients with LGIB.},
}

@article {pmid38147615,
year = {2023},
author = {Rusu, F and Caragut, RL and Lorena, MC and Leucuta, DC and Dumitrascu, DL},
title = {Microscopic Colitis: A Diagnostic Challenge in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome.},
journal = {Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {469-472},
doi = {10.15403/jgld-5025},
pmid = {38147615},
issn = {1842-1121},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the most frequently diagnosed gastrointestinal disease with a prevalence of 4.1% in the general population. It is diagnosed using the Rome IV criteria. Microscopic colitis (MC), collagenous/lymphocytic colitis is a cause of chronic, watery, non-bloody diarrhea. It is a real challenge to diagnose MC in patients with IBS. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of MC in patients initially diagnosed with IBS, as well as to correlate fecal calprotectin levels with the endoscopic findings and microscopic inflammation in MC.

METHODS: This is a retrospective study conducted in a single tertiary center with over 89 IBS patients for a period of 4 years. The patients included were patients diagnosed with IBS predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) and mixed IBS (IBS-M) using the Rome IV criteria. Total colonoscopy was performed in these patients, multiple biopsies being taken and calprotectin levels were measured.

RESULTS: Out of a total of 89 IBS-D patients, 58 patients (65.2%) had no microscopic lesions, 12 patients (13.5%) had diverticular disease, 9 patients (10.1%) had non-specific chronic inflammation of the colon mucosa and 10 patients (11.2%) were diagnosed with MC. The calprotectin levels ranged from 49 μg/g to 213 μg/g. Of a total of 10 patients diagnosed with MC, 6 (60%) of them had calprotectin levels <100 μg/g and 4 (40%) had calprotectin levels >100 μg/g. The fecal calprotectin levels were higher in patients diagnosed with MC compared to those who had no microscopic lesions at the histological exam and it was also correlated with the grade of colonic microscopic inflammation.

CONCLUSIONS: Microscopic colitis is less familiar to physicians and can be clinically misdiagnosed as IBS-D. An early and correct diagnosis is important for an accurate therapy.},
}

@article {pmid38132212,
year = {2023},
author = {Tiralongo, F and Di Pietro, S and Milazzo, D and Galioto, S and Castiglione, DG and Ini', C and Foti, PV and Mosconi, C and Giurazza, F and Venturini, M and Zanghi', GN and Palmucci, S and Basile, A},
title = {Acute Colonic Diverticulitis: CT Findings, Classifications, and a Proposal of a Structured Reporting Template.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {24},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics13243628},
pmid = {38132212},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Acute colonic diverticulitis (ACD) is the most common complication of diverticular disease and represents an abdominal emergency. It includes a variety of conditions, extending from localized diverticular inflammation to fecal peritonitis, hence the importance of an accurate diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis due to its high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and interobserver agreement. In fact, CE-CT allows alternative diagnoses to be excluded, the inflamed diverticulum to be localized, and complications to be identified. Imaging findings have been reviewed, dividing them into bowel and extra-intestinal wall findings. Moreover, CE-CT allows staging of the disease; the most used classifications of ACD severity are Hinchey's modified and WSES classifications. Differential diagnoses include colon carcinoma, epiploic appendagitis, ischemic colitis, appendicitis, infectious enterocolitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. We propose a structured reporting template to standardize the terminology and improve communication between specialists involved in patient care.},
}

@article {pmid38122959,
year = {2023},
author = {Gunby, SA and Ma, W and Levy, MJ and Giovannucci, EL and Chan, AT and Strate, LL},
title = {Smoking and alcohol consumption and risk of incident diverticulitis in women.},
journal = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cgh.2023.11.036},
pmid = {38122959},
issn = {1542-7714},
abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Much of what is known about the effects of alcohol and tobacco use on diverticular disease derives from studies of asymptomatic diverticulosis or complicated diverticulitis. We examined smoking and alcohol consumption and risk of incident diverticulitis in a large cohort of women.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 84,232 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) who were 39-52 years old and without known diverticulitis at baseline in 2003. Smoking was ascertained every 2 years and alcohol use every 4 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: During 1,139,660 person-years of follow up, we identified 3,018 incident cases of diverticulitis. After adjustment for other risk factors, current (HR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04-1.39) and past smoking (HR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.11-1.30) were associated with increased risk of diverticulitis when compared to never smokers. Women who consumed ≥30 g/d of alcohol had a multivariate HR of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05-1.50) when compared to women who did not drink. A joint analysis of smoking and alcohol found that individuals who ever smoked and consumed ≥30 g/d of alcohol were at highest risk of diverticulitis (multivariate HR 1.53; 95% CI, 1.22-1.91), compared to participants who never smoked and reported no alcohol use.

CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective study of women, smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased risk of incident diverticulitis. These data highlight additional modifiable risk factors for diverticulitis that may aid in prevention.},
}

@article {pmid38109927,
year = {2023},
author = {Pham, TD and Larach, T and Othman, B and Rajkomar, A and Heriot, AG and Warrier, SK and Smart, P},
title = {Robotic natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for anterior resection.},
journal = {Annals of coloproctology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3393/ac.2022.00458.0065},
pmid = {38109927},
issn = {2287-9714},
abstract = {Minimally invasive colorectal surgery is currently well-accepted, with open techniques being reserved for very difficult cases. Laparoscopic colectomy has been proven to have lower mortality, complication, and ostomy rates; a shorter median length of stay; and lower overall costs when compared to its open counterpart. This trend is seen in both benign and malignant indications. Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) in colorectal surgery was first described in the early 1990s. Three recent meta-analyses comparing transabdominal extraction against NOSES concluded that NOSES was superior in terms of overall postoperative complications, recovery of gastrointestinal function, postoperative pain, aesthetics, and hospital stay. However, NOSES was associated with a longer operative time. Herein, we present our technique of robotic NOSES anterior resection using the da Vinci Xi platform in diverticular disease and sigmoid colon cancers.},
}

@article {pmid38106770,
year = {2023},
author = {Silva, MM and Costa, AB and Baptista, CE},
title = {A Rare Case of Recurrent Cystitis in a Primary Care Setting.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {e48914},
pmid = {38106770},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Uncomplicated cystitis is common in women and typically presents with symptoms such as increased urinary frequency, dysuria, suprapubic pain, and urgency. Escherichia coli is the most frequently identified pathogen in these cases. Colovesical fistulas constitute an uncommon etiology of recurrent urinary tract infections, and they are even rarer in women due to the protective barrier provided by the uterus. Faecaluria and pneumaturia are the pathognomonic symptoms of these types of fistulas that help differentiate them from recurrent cystitis. While the gold standard imaging is the abdominopelvic CT scan, in some instances, MRI may be necessary to identify fistulous tracts. This case report describes a scenario of recurrent urinary tract infection caused by a colovesical fistula, in a woman with a history of diverticular disease. In contrast to uncomplicated recurrent cystitis, the treatment of the fistula is surgical. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of this potential and rare cause of recurrent urinary tract infection encountered in a primary healthcare setting, in order to prevent the prescription of multiple cycles of ineffective antibiotic therapy in these patients and the consequent development of antimicrobial resistance, a global public health issue. Our intention is to alert general practitioners about the diagnosis of a rare cause of recurrent cystitis, the treatment of which is surgical and warrants referral to secondary care.},
}

@article {pmid38096878,
year = {2023},
author = {Senejoa, N and González-Ausique, PS and Enamorado-Enciso, N},
title = {Sigmoid volvulus and descending colon adenocarcinoma, a double cause of intestinal obstruction: a case report.},
journal = {Cirugia y cirujanos},
volume = {91},
number = {6},
pages = {839-843},
doi = {10.24875/CIRU.22000179},
pmid = {38096878},
issn = {2444-054X},
abstract = {Large bowel obstruction is caused by colorectal cancer, diverticular disease or volvulus. The latter is caused by rotation of the intestinal loop on its own mesenteric axis, and occurs in the sigmoid colon (80%) and in the cecum (15-20%) Its management includes devolution by colonoscopy or surgery. Malignant bowel obstruction is the initial presentation in 7-29% of colorectal cancer, and its optimal treatment is controversial. We describe a clinical case of a double obstructive lesion and its surgical approach, an unusual presentation that poses a diagnostic and medical-surgical management challenge.},
}

@article {pmid38090132,
year = {2023},
author = {Stefanou, CK and Gkogkos, S and Flindris, S and Paxinos, AK and Tsiantis, T and Oikonomou, P and Tepelenis, K and Stefanou, SK},
title = {Colovesical Fistula due to Sigmoid Diverticulitis.},
journal = {Case reports in surgery},
volume = {2023},
number = {},
pages = {8835222},
doi = {10.1155/2023/8835222},
pmid = {38090132},
issn = {2090-6900},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The incidence of colonic diverticulosis has risen significantly. Diverticular disease is the most frequent cause of colovesical fistulas, which are uncommon complications of diverticulitis. Clinical signs, such as fecaluria and pneumaturia, are typically required to confirm its presence. Finding the cause of the disease so that the proper therapy can be started is the primary goal of a diagnostic workup rather than observing the fistula tract itself. Case Presentation. We present a 43-year-old man complaining of frequent urinary tract infections for six months. On CT abdomen and pelvis, a colovesical fistula was diagnosed. Surgery was performed, and after the division between the sigmoid colon and the bladder, a sigmoidectomy and an end-to-end colorectal anastomosis were performed. During the surgery, the fistula tract was not detected. The patient was discharged in excellent condition on day six, and the catheter was removed on day 10.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, as in our case, any patient with a urinary tract infection should be suspected of having this condition, especially if he has persistent symptoms that have not responded to standard medical care. Patients who present with fecaluria, pneumaturia, and other specific symptoms of a colovesicular fistula do not necessarily need a barium enema or cystography to confirm the presence of the fistula.},
}

@article {pmid38068390,
year = {2023},
author = {Hu, WH and Eisenstein, S and Parry, L and Ramamoorthy, S},
title = {Risk Factors Associated with Postoperative Outcomes in Diverticular Disease Undergoing Elective Colectomy-A Retrospective Cohort Study from the ACS-NSQIP Database.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {23},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm12237338},
pmid = {38068390},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Recommendations for elective colectomies after recovery from uncomplicated acute diverticulitis should be individualized. The kinds of associated risk factors that should be considered for this approach remain undetermined. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative outcomes in patients with diverticular disease after receiving an elective colectomy. This is a retrospective study using the multi-institutional, nationally validated database of the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP). The patients who were diagnosed with diverticular disease and received an elective colectomy were included in our risk factor analyses. Postoperative mortality, morbidity, and overall complications were measured. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to demonstrate the risk factors. We analyzed 30,468 patients with diverticular disease, 67% of whom received an elective colectomy. The rate of 30-day mortality was 0.2%, and superficial surgical site infection was the most common postoperative morbidity (7.2%) in the elective colectomies. The independent risk factors associated with overall complications were age ≥ 75, BMI ≥ 30, smoking status, dyspnea, hypertension, current kidney dialysis, chronic steroid use, ASA III, and open colectomy. In laparoscopic colectomy, 67.5% of the elective colectomies, the associated risk factors associated with overall complications still included age ≥ 75, smoking, hypertension, chronic steroid use, and ASA III. Identification of patient-specific risk factors may inform the decision-making process for elective colectomy and reduce the postoperative complications after mitigation of those risk factors.},
}

@article {pmid38065539,
year = {2023},
author = {Schmidbauer, M and Levers, A and Wacker, FK and Ringe, KI},
title = {Classification of Diverticular Disease (CDD) - assessment of the intra- and interobserver agreement in abdominal CT scans.},
journal = {RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1055/a-2203-3144},
pmid = {38065539},
issn = {1438-9010},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Along with ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) is one of the imaging modalities of choice in patients with suspected diverticular disease (DD). Recently, a newer Classification of Diverticular Disease (CDD) has been proposed. However, its reliability in daily radiological practice has never been proven. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the intra- and interobserver agreement of the CDD in abdominal CT scans.

METHODS:  In this retrospective study, 481 CT scans of patients with suspected DD were included. Two readers (one board-certified radiologist with 6 years of experience, one 3 rd year radiology resident) individually evaluated all CTs in two reading sessions using the CDD. A composite endpoint of a prior consensus reading, follow-up, and intraoperative findings served as the reference. Intra- and interobserver agreement were calculated using Cohen-k statistic.

RESULTS:  DD was present in 317 cases (66 %), mostly classified as CDD stage 0, 1b, and 2a (28 %, 30 %, und 14 %). Intraobserver agreement was almost perfect for both readers (kappa 0.93 and 0.88). Interobserver agreement was high and improved from substantial (kappa 0.77) in the first reading session to almost perfect (kappa 0.84) in the second reading session. The interobserver agreement was best for CDD types 0 (diverticulosis) and 2c (free perforated diverticulitis) (mean kappa 0.83 and 0.86) and poorest for CDD types 1a (diverticulitis without phlegmon) and 2b (covered diverticulitis with macroabscess) (mean kappa 0.17 and 0.38). Intra- and interobserver agreement of acute uncomplicated (CDD type 1) and acute complicated diverticulitis (CDD type 2) were substantial to almost perfect (mean kappa 0.63-0.86). Agreement with the reference was almost perfect for both observers (mean kappa 0.86 and 0.82). Administration of rectal contrast did not significantly improve the diagnosis.

CONCLUSION:  The CDD is a classification based on relatively clear imaging characteristics, which can be readily applied by radiologists with different expertise. In our study, the CDD had a high intra- and interobserver agreement, enabling a reliable therapy-related categorization of DD.

KEY POINTS:   · The Classification of Diverticular Disease (CDD) is an easy-to-use classification for diverticular disease based on relatively clear image features.. · The CDD can be applied equally by radiologists with different levels of experience in the clinical routine.. · The high intra- and interobserver agreement indicates high reliability in the therapy-relevant classification of diverticulitis on CT..},
}

@article {pmid38050373,
year = {2023},
author = {Kelley, JK and Kelly, K and Reed, C and Winkler, N and Parker, J and Ogilvie, J},
title = {Does Hispanic ethnicity play a role in outcomes for diverticular surgery in the USA?.},
journal = {BMJ open gastroenterology},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001215},
pmid = {38050373},
issn = {2054-4774},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate whether origins of ethnicity affect the outcomes of surgery for diverticulitis in the USA.

DESIGN: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Programme database from 2008 to 2017 was used to identify patients undergoing colectomy for diverticulitis. Patient demographics, comorbidities, procedural details and outcomes were captured and compared by ethnicity status.

RESULTS: A total of 375 311 surgeries for diverticulitis were included in the final analysis. The average age of patients undergoing surgery for diverticulitis remained consistent over the time frame of the study (62 years), although the percentage of younger patients (age 18-39 years) rose slightly from 7.8% in 2008 to 8.6% in 2017. The percentage of surgical patients with Hispanic ethnicity increased from 3.7% in 2008 to 6.6% of patients in 2017. Hispanic patients were younger than their non-Hispanic counterparts (57 years vs 62 years, p<0.01) at time of surgery. There were statistically significant differences in the proportion of laparoscopic cases (51% vs 49%, p<0.01), elective cases (62% vs 66%, p<0.01) and the unadjusted rate of postoperative mortality (2.8% vs 3.4%, p<0.01) between Hispanic patients compared with non-Hispanic patients, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models did not identify Hispanic ethnicity as a significant predictor for increased morbidity (p=0.13) or mortality (p=0.80).

CONCLUSION: Despite a significant younger population undergoing surgery for diverticulitis, Hispanic ethnicity was not associated with increased rates of emergent surgery, open surgery or postoperative complications compared with a similar non-Hispanic population.},
}

@article {pmid38040936,
year = {2023},
author = {Gil, C and Beyer-Bergeot, L and Sabbagh, C and Zerbib, P and Bridoux, V and Manceau, G and Panis, Y and Buscail, E and Venara, A and Khaoudy, I and Gaillard, M and Viennet, M and Thobie, A and Menahem, B and Eveno, C and Bonnel, C and Mabrut, JY and Badic, B and Godet, C and Eid, Y and Duchalais, E and Lakkis, Z and Cotte, E and Laforest, A and Defourneaux, V and Maggiori, L and Rebibo, L and Christou, N and Talal, A and Mege, D and Bonnamy, C and Germain, A and Mauvais, F and Tresallet, C and Roudie, J and Laurent, A and Trilling, B and Bertrand, M and Massalou, D and Romain, B and Tranchart, H and Giger, U and Alves, A and Ouaissi, M and , },
title = {Impact of the first wave of COVID-19 epidemy on the surgical management of sigmoid diverticular disease in France: National French retrospective study.},
journal = {International journal of colorectal disease},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {276},
pmid = {38040936},
issn = {1432-1262},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyze the surgical management of sigmoid diverticular disease (SDD) before, during, and after the first containment rules (CR) for the first wave of COVID-19.

METHODS: From the French Surgical Association multicenter series, this study included all patients operated on between January 2018 and September 2021. Three groups were compared: A (before CR period: 01/01/18-03/16/20), B (CR period: 03/17/20-05/03/20), and C (post CR period: 05/04/20-09/30/21).

RESULTS: A total of 1965 patients (A n = 1517, B n = 52, C n = 396) were included. The A group had significantly more previous SDD compared to the two other groups (p = 0.007), especially complicated (p = 0.0004). The rate of peritonitis was significantly higher in the B (46.1%) and C (38.4%) groups compared to the A group (31.7%) (p = 0.034 and p = 0.014). As regards surgical treatment, Hartmann's procedure was more often performed in the B group (44.2%, vs A 25.5% and C 26.8%, p = 0.01). Mortality at 90 days was significantly higher in the B group (9.6%, vs A 4% and C 6.3%, p = 0.034). This difference was also significant between the A and B groups (p = 0.048), as well as between the A and C groups (p = 0.05). There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of postoperative morbidity.

CONCLUSION: This study shows that the management of SDD was impacted by COVID-19 at CR, but also after and until September 2021, both on the initial clinical presentation and on postoperative mortality.},
}

@article {pmid38012092,
year = {2023},
author = {Jono, T and Kasai, Y and Kessoku, T and Ogata, T and Tanaka, K and Yoshihara, T and Misawa, N and Kato, S and Higurashi, T and Hosono, K and Yoneda, M and Seita, K and Kato, T and Sakai, E and Kurihashi, T and Nakatogawa, M and Oyamada, S and Futagami, S and Gwee, KA and Nakajima, A},
title = {The Prevalence and Characteristics of Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease Among Asian Patients With Unexplained Abdominal Symptoms.},
journal = {Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.5056/jnm22162},
pmid = {38012092},
issn = {2093-0879},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: The precise incidence of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) and its effects on the quality of life (QOL) remain unclear, particularly in Asian patients with right-sided SUDD. We assess the prevalence of SUDD and its impact on QOL in a real-world population.

METHODS: Five institutional cohorts of patients who received outpatient treatment for unexplained abdominal symptoms from January 15, 2020 to March 31, 2022, were included. All patients underwent colonoscopy. SUDD was defined as the presence of recurrent abdominal symptoms, particularly pain in the lower right or left quadrant lasting > 24 hours in patients with diverticulosis at the site of pain. The 36-item short-form health survey was used to assess QOL.

RESULTS: Diverticula were identified in 108 of 361 patients. Among these 108 patients, 31% had SUDD, which was right-sided in 39% of cases. Of the 50 patients with right-sided diverticula, 36% had SUDD, as did 15 of 35 patients with left-sided diverticula (43%). Among the 33 patients with SUDD, diverticula were right-sided, left-sided, and bilateral in 39%, 45%, and 15% of patients, respectively. Diarrhea was more frequent in the SUDD group than in the non-SUDD group. Patients with SUDD had significantly lower physical, mental, and role/social component scores than those without SUDD.

CONCLUSIONS: It is important to recognize that patients with SUDD account for as high as 31% of outpatients with unexplained abdominal symptoms; these patients have diarrhea and a low QOL. The presence of right-sided SUDD was characteristic of Asian patients.},
}

@article {pmid37962086,
year = {2023},
author = {McClintock, S and Stupart, D and Hoh, SM and Redden, AM and Schultz, B and Robertson, A and Moore, E and Pollard, J and Guest, G and Watters, D},
title = {Oral versus intravenous antibiotics in the treatment of uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis: results of a randomized non-inferiority control trial.},
journal = {ANZ journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ans.18768},
pmid = {37962086},
issn = {1445-2197},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Colonic diverticular disease is common and its incidence increases with age, with uncomplicated diverticulitis being the most common acute presentation (1). This typically results in inpatient admission, placing a significant burden on healthcare services (2). We aimed to determine the safety and effectiveness of using intravenous or oral antibiotics in the treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis on 30-day unplanned admissions, c-reactive protein (CRP), White Cell Count (WCC), pain resolution, cessation of pain medication, return to normal nutrition, and return to normal bowel function.

METHODS: This single centre, 2-arm, parallel, 1:1, unblinded non-inferiority randomized controlled trial compared the safety and efficacy of oral antibiotics versus intravenous antibiotics in the outpatient treatment of uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis. Inclusion criteria were patients older than 18 years of age with CT proven acute uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis (Modified Hinchey Classification Stage 0-1a). Patients were randomly allocated receive either intravenous or oral antibiotics, both groups being treated in the outpatient setting with a Hospital in the Home (HITH) service. The primary outcome was the 30-day unplanned admission rate, secondary outcomes were biochemical markers, time to pain resolution, time to cessation of pain medication, time to return to normal function and time to return to normal bowel function.

RESULTS: In total 118 patients who presented with uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis were recruited into the trial. Fifty-eight participants were treated with IV antibiotics, and 60 were given oral antibiotics. We found there was no significant difference between groups with regards to 30-day unplanned admissions or inflammatory markers. There was also no significant difference with regards to time to pain resolution, cessation of pain medication use, return to normal nutrition, or return to normal bowel function.

CONCLUSION: Outpatient management of uncomplicated diverticulitis with oral antibiotics proved equally as safe and efficacious as intravenous antibiotic treatment in this randomized non-inferiority control trial.},
}

@article {pmid37938045,
year = {2023},
author = {Clark, M and Nann, S and Kong, J and Barker, T},
title = {Effectiveness of NOTES versus traditional techniques on surgical outcomes in adults with diverticulitis: a systematic review protocol.},
journal = {JBI evidence synthesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.11124/JBIES-23-00324},
pmid = {37938045},
issn = {2689-8381},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This review will evaluate the effectiveness of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)/hybrid NOTES versus traditional surgical techniques in the management of diverticular disease.

INTRODUCTION: Diverticular disease can have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life, especially the changes affecting bowel function. Recurrent/severe symptoms may require surgery. Resections are invasive and can have significant operative complications. There has been a shift from an open resection to a more minimally invasive technique such as laparoscopy. Furthermore, the use of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic resection, using a transanal/transvaginal approach, has begun to be used in colorectal resections.

INCLUSION CRITERIA: Eligible studies will include patients who underwent surgical resection for diverticular disease or diverticulitis. The review will consider studies that evaluate NOTES in the management of diverticular disease or diverticulitis. This will include hybrid procedures involving both NOTES and natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE), with the aid of laparoscopy/endoscopy/robotic equipment. Studies on participants under 18 years of age and presenting with non-diverticular pathologies will be excluded.

METHODS: This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Databases to be searched will include PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ANZCTR, with no language limitations. The reference lists of included studies will be screened for additional studies. This review will preferentially consider experimental and quasi-experimental study designs. Two reviewers will conduct critical appraisal and data extraction. Studies will, where possible, be pooled in statistical meta-analyses.

PROSPERO CRD42023420771.},
}

@article {pmid37936435,
year = {2023},
author = {Mahmood, MW and Schmidt, PT and Olén, O and Hellsing, C and Hjern, F and Abraham-Nordling, M},
title = {Identification of diverticular disease in Swedish healthcare registers: a validation study.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1080/00365521.2023.2278422},
pmid = {37936435},
issn = {1502-7708},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The Swedish National Patient Register (SNPR) is frequently used in studies of colonic diverticular disease (DD). Despite this, the validity of the coding for this specific disease in the register has not been studied.

METHODS: From SNPR, 650 admissions were randomly identified encoded with ICD 10, K572-K579. From the years 2002 and 2010, 323 and 327 patients respectively were included in the validation study. Patients were excluded prior to, or up to 2 years after a diagnosis with IBD, Celiac disease, IBS, all forms of colorectal cancer (primary and secondary), and anal cancer. Medical records were collected and data on clinical findings with assessments, X-ray examinations, endoscopies and laboratory results were reviewed. The basis of coding was compared with internationally accepted definitions for colonic diverticular disease. Positive predictive values (PPV) were calculated.

RESULTS: The overall PPV for all diagnoses and both years was 95% (95% CI: 93-96). The PPV for the year 2010 was slightly higher 98% (95% CI: 95-99) than in the year 2002, 91% (95% CI: (87-94) which may be due to the increasing use of computed tomography (CT).

CONCLUSION: The validity of DD in SNPR is high, making the SNPR a good source for population-based studies on DD.},
}

@article {pmid37927949,
year = {2024},
author = {Gonai, T and Toya, Y and Kudara, N and Abe, K and Sawaguchi, S and Fujiwara, T and Eizuka, M and Hirai, M and Miura, M and Urushikubo, J and Yamada, S and Kumei, T and Yamaguchi, S and Sugai, K and Asakura, K and Orikasa, S and Matsumoto, T},
title = {Is bowel preparation necessary for early colonoscopy in patients with suspected colonic diverticular bleeding?: A multicenter retrospective study with propensity score matching analysis.},
journal = {DEN open},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {e311},
pmid = {37927949},
issn = {2692-4609},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: There are few reports on bowel preparation for early colonoscopy in patients with suspected colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB). We aim to clarify in a retrospective, multicenter study.

METHODS: In a multicenter retrospective cohort study at 10 institutions, we analyzed clinical features of patients diagnosed with CDB, who underwent early colonoscopy within 24 h. We compared patients who were prepared with polyethylene glycol lavage (PEL) and those without PEL. We evaluated the effects of PEL for early colonoscopy in patients with suspected CDB.

RESULTS: A total of 129 (53%) underwent under preparation with PEL and 113 patients without PEL. The PEL group was younger, had fewer comorbidities, and had better performance status. After adjusting for these variables with propensity score matching, the PEL group had a significantly shorter hospital stay (7.9 ± 4.7 vs. 10.1 ± 5.2 days; p = 0.001), and a higher cecal intubation rate (91.1% vs. 50.0%; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in adverse event rates, identification of stigmata of recent hemorrhage, or frequency in endoscopic hemostatic treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: PEL may be preferred for early colonoscopy in patients suspected of having CDB.},
}

@article {pmid37918457,
year = {2023},
author = {Yuan, S and Dan, L and Zhang, Y and Wu, J and Zhao, J and Kivipelto, M and Chen, J and Ludvigsson, JF and Li, X and Larsson, SC},
title = {Gastrointestinal Diseases, Genetic Risk, and Incident Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study in 352,463 Middle-Aged Adults.},
journal = {American journal of preventive medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2023.10.017},
pmid = {37918457},
issn = {1873-2607},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although digestive system disease affects gut microbiota and their metabolites associated with dementia risk, the association between digestive system diseases and incident dementia has not yet been established.

METHODS: This cohort analysis included 458,181 participants free of baseline dementia in the UK Biobank (2006-2021). The associations of fourteen digestive system diseases with dementia incidence were examined in 2022 using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Analyses were performed to differentiate the associations for early- (< 65 years) and late-onset (≥ 65 years) dementia. Interaction and stratification analyses were performed for polygenic risk score (RPS), and apolipoprotein E (APOE).

RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 6415 incident dementia cases were diagnosed. Eleven digestive system diseases showed significant associations with an increased risk of dementia after controlling for covariates and multiple testing. Compared to individuals without digestive system diseases, the hazard ratios of dementia increased from 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.09-1.23) for patients with intestinal diverticular disease to 2.31 (95% confidence interval 1.98-2.70) for patients with cirrhosis. The associations were different between certain digestive system diseases and dementia by onset age. The associations appeared to be stronger for cirrhosis (Q = 0.001), irritable bowel syndrome (Q < 0.001), gastritis and duodenitis (Q =0.002), gastroesophageal reflux disease (Q < 0.001), ulcerative colitis (Q=0.047), gallbladder disease (Q=0.012) and peptic ulcer (Q = 0.030) with early-onset dementia. There were no interactions for PRS or APOE (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest an increased need for dementia prevention among patients with digestive system diseases.},
}

@article {pmid37901605,
year = {2023},
author = {Mansour, MR and Kessler, SA and Khreisat, A and Skrzynski, JK},
title = {Asymptomatic colo-ovarian fistula amidst acute psychosis: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of surgical case reports},
volume = {2023},
number = {10},
pages = {rjad525},
pmid = {37901605},
issn = {2042-8812},
abstract = {This paper presents a rare case of an asymptomatic colo-ovarian fistula in a 45-year-old female with acute psychosis and a history of bipolar disorder, seizure disorder and substance misuse. The intricate diagnostic challenges arising from the patient's complex medical history underscore the significance of a multidisciplinary approach. The absence of typical gastrointestinal symptoms and the presence of a tubo-ovarian abscess complicated the diagnosis of acute on chronic sigmoid diverticulitis and colo-ovarian fistula. Surgical intervention, including sigmoid resection, anastomosis and left salpingo-oophorectomy, led to successful resolution. This case highlights the need for further understanding of colo-ovarian fistula pathophysiology, improved diagnostic strategies, and the nuanced interplay between medical and psychiatric conditions in complex clinical scenarios.},
}

@article {pmid37891452,
year = {2023},
author = {Santacroce, G and Lenti, MV and Abruzzese, GM and Alunno, G and Di Terlizzi, F and Frenna, C and Gentile, A and Latorre, MA and Petrucci, C and Ruggeri, D and Soriano, S and Aronico, N and Rossi, CM and De Silvestri, A and Corazza, GR and Di Sabatino, A},
title = {Diagnostic delay in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease: an Italian tertiary referral centre study.},
journal = {Internal and emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37891452},
issn = {1970-9366},
abstract = {The magnitude of the diagnostic delay of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) is unknown; we aimed to evaluate SUDD diagnostic delay and its risk factors. SUDD patients diagnosed at a tertiary referral centre were retrospectively enrolled (2010-2022). Demographic and clinical data were retrieved. Overall, patient-, and physician-dependant diagnostic delays were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were fitted to identify risk factors for diagnostic delay. Overall, 70 SUDD patients (median age 65 years, IQR 52-74; F:M ratio = 1.6:1) were assessed. The median overall diagnostic delay was 7 months (IQR 2-24), patient-dependant delay was 3 months (IQR 0-15), and physician-dependant delay was 1 month (IQR 0-6). Further, 25% of patients were misdiagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). At multivariate analysis, previous misdiagnosis was a significant risk factor for overall and physician-dependant diagnostic delay (OR 9.99, p = 0.01, and OR 6.46, p = 0.02, respectively). Also, a high educational level (> 13 years) was associated with a greater overall diagnostic delay (OR 8.74 p = 0.02), while previous abdominal surgery was significantly associated to reduced physician-dependant diagnostic delay (OR 0.19 p = 0.04). To conclude, SUDD may be diagnosed late, IBS being the most frequent misdiagnosis. Timely diagnosis is crucial to tackle the burden of SUDD on patients and healthcare.},
}

@article {pmid37889999,
year = {2023},
author = {McKechnie, T and Yang, S and Wu, K and Sharma, S and Lee, Y and Park, L and Passos, E and Doumouras, A and Hong, D and Parpia, S and Bhandari, M and Eskicioglu, C},
title = {Fragility of Statistically Significant Outcomes in Colonic Diverticular Disease Randomized Trials: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Diseases of the colon and rectum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/DCR.0000000000003014},
pmid = {37889999},
issn = {1530-0358},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The p value has been criticized for an oversimplified determination of whether a treatment effect exists. One alternative is the fragility index. It is a representation of the minimum number of non-events that would need to be converted to events to increase the p value above 0.05.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the fragility index of randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of interventions for patients with diverticular disease since 2010 to assess the robustness of current evidence.

DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to August 2022.

STUDY SELECTION: Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were randomized trials conducted between 2010 and 2022 with parallel, superiority designs evaluating interventions in patients with diverticular disease. Only randomized trials with dichotomous primary outcomes with an associated p-value of less than 0.05 were considered for inclusion.

INTERVENTIONS: Any surgical or medical intervention for patients with diverticular disease.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The fragility index was determined by adding events and subtracting non-events from the groups with the smaller number of events. Events were added until the p-value exceeded 0.05. The smallest number of events required was considered the fragility index.

RESULTS: After screening 1,271 citations, 15 randomized trials met inclusion criteria. Nine of the studies evaluated surgical interventions and six evaluated medical interventions. The mean number of patients randomized and lost to follow-up per RCT was 92 (SD 35.3) and 9 (SD 11.4), respectively. The median fragility index was 1 (range: 0-5). The fragility indices for the included studies did not correlate significantly with any study characteristics.

LIMITATIONS: Small sample, heterogeneity, and lack of inclusion of studies with continuous outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: The randomized trials evaluating surgical and medical interventions for diverticular disease are not robust. Changing a single outcome event in most studies was sufficient to make a statistically significant study finding non-significant.},
}

@article {pmid37425810,
year = {2023},
author = {Altman-Merino, A and Bonnet, K and Schlundt, D and Wrenn, J and Self, WH and Gordon, EJ and Hawkins, AT},
title = {Complex Patient Perspectives on Evolving Diverticulitis Treatment Patient Perspectives on Diverticulitis.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37425810},
support = {K23 DK118192/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR002243/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite evidence that antibiotics may not be necessary to treat acute uncomplicated diverticulitis, they remain the mainstay of treatment in the United States. A randomized controlled trial evaluating antibiotic effectiveness could accelerate implementation of an antibiotic-free treatment strategy, but patients may be unwilling to participate.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess patients' attitudes regarding participation in a randomized trial of antibiotics versus placebo for acute diverticulitis, including willingness to participate.

DESIGN: This is a mixed-methods study with qualitative and descriptive methods.

SETTINGS: Interviews were conducted in a quaternary care emergency department and surveys were administered virtually through a web-based portal.

PATIENTS: Patients with either current or previous acute uncomplicated diverticulitis participated.

INTERVENTIONS: Patients underwent semi-structured interviews or completed a web-based survey. Main Outcome measures: Rates of willingness to participate in a randomized controlled trial was measured. Salient factors related to healthcare decision-making were also identified and analyzed.

RESULTS: Thirteen patients completed an interview. Reasons to participate included a desire to help others or contribute to scientific knowledge. Doubts about the efficacy of observation as a treatment method were the main barrier to participation. In a survey of 218 subjects, 62% of respondents reported willingness to participate in a randomized clinical trial. "What my doctor thinks," followed by "What I've experienced in the past" were the most important decision-making factors.

LIMITATIONS: There is possible selection bias inherent to using a study to evaluate willingness to participate in a study. Also, the population sampled was disproportionately White compared to the population affected by diverticulitis.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis maintain complex and varying perceptions of the use of antibiotics. Most surveyed patients would be willing to participate in a trial of antibiotics versus placebo. Our findings support a trial's feasibility and facilitate an informed approach to recruitment and consent.},
}

@article {pmid37844217,
year = {2023},
author = {Schaeffer, HD and Smelser, DT and Rao, HS and Haley, JS and Long, KC and Slipak, SH and Carey, DJ and Hoffman, RL},
title = {Development of a Polygenic Risk Score to Predict Diverticulitis.},
journal = {Diseases of the colon and rectum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/DCR.0000000000002943},
pmid = {37844217},
issn = {1530-0358},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite its prevalence and associated morbidity, we remain limited in our ability to predict the course of a patient with diverticular disease. While several clinical and genetic risk factors have been identified, we do not know how these factors relate to one another.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a polygenic risk score could improve risk prediction for diverticulitis and recurrent diverticulitis compared to a model using only clinical factors.

DESIGN: An observational study.

SETTING: Study examines the predictive ability of a polygenic risk score for diverticulitis developed using prior genome wide association studies and validated using the MyCode biobank.

PATIENTS: Patients of European ancestry in the Geisinger Health System who were enrolled in the MyCode Community Health biobanking program.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The ability of a polygenic risk score to predict diverticulosis, diverticulitis, and recurrent diverticulitis.

RESULTS: A total of 60,861 patients were included, of which 9,912 (16.3%) had diverticulosis or diverticulitis (5,015 with diverticulosis and 4,897 with diverticulitis). When divided into deciles, our polygenic risk score stratified patients by risk of both diverticulosis and diverticulitis with a 2-fold difference in disease risk between the highest and lowest deciles for diverticulitis and a 4.8-fold difference for recurrent complicated diverticulitis. When compared to clinical factors alone, our polygenic risk score was able to improve risk prediction of recurrent diverticulitis.

LIMITATIONS: Our population is largely located in a single geographic region and were classified by disease status using international classification of diseases codes.

CONCLUSIONS: This predictive model stratifies patients based on genetic risk for diverticular disease. The increased frequency of recurrent disease in our high-risk patients suggests that a polygenic risk score, in addition to other factors, may help to guide the discussion regarding surgical intervention.},
}

@article {pmid37813565,
year = {2023},
author = {Juzenas, S and Ellinghaus, D and Sanna, S and Franke, A and D'Amato, M},
title = {Mendelian randomisation shows diverticular disease and irritable bowel syndrome increase the risk of haemorrhoidal disease.},
journal = {Gut},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330364},
pmid = {37813565},
issn = {1468-3288},
}

@article {pmid37812959,
year = {2023},
author = {Barnard, P and Wilson, K},
title = {Complicated jejunal diverticulitis with small bowel obstruction due to enterolith: A case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {111},
number = {},
pages = {108896},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108896},
pmid = {37812959},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Small bowel diverticular disease (DD) is encountered and managed much less frequently than colonic DD, leading to a significantly less developed body of evidence for managing small bowel diverticulum and its associated complications.

CASE PRESENTATION: This case report discusses a rare occurrence of simultaneous perforated jejunal diverticulitis and mechanical small bowel obstruction (SBO) due to a migrating diverticular enterolith. The patient's condition was ultimately managed operatively through laparoscopically assisted small bowel resection.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: A review of the literature reveals only eight reported cases of jejunal diverticulitis with simultaneous enterolith obstruction. All cases were managed operatively, with approaches including small bowel resection encompassing both pathologies, milking the enterolith back to the diverticulitis site and resecting en bloc to avoid extensive resection, or enterotomy and enterolith retrieval.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of small bowel diverticular disease is increasing, and as a result, clinicians may encounter more complications associated with this condition in the future. This case highlights the importance of considering alternate complications of small bowel DD.},
}

@article {pmid37779579,
year = {2023},
author = {Panin, SI and Nechay, TV and Sazhin, AV and Tyagunov, AE and Shcherbakov, NA and Bykov, AV and Melnikov-Makarchuk, KY and Yuldashev, AG and Kuznetsov, AA},
title = {Should we encourage the use of robotic technologies in complicated diverticulitis? Results of systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in robotics and AI},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {1208611},
pmid = {37779579},
issn = {2296-9144},
abstract = {Introduction: Complicated diverticulitis is a common abdominal emergency that often requires a surgical intervention. The systematic review and meta-analysis below compare the benefits and harms of robotic vs. laparoscopic surgery in patients with complicated colonic diverticular disease. Methods: The following databases were searched before 1 March 2023: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The internal validity of the selected non-randomized studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. The meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom) and Copenhagen Trial Unit Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) software (Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark), respectively. Results: We found no relevant randomized controlled trials in the searched databases. Therefore, we analyzed 5 non-randomized studies with satisfactory internal validity and similar designs comprising a total of 442 patients (184 (41.6%) robotic and 258 (58.4%) laparoscopic interventions). The analysis revealed that robotic surgery for complicated diverticulitis (CD) took longer than laparoscopy (MD = 42 min; 95% CI: [-16, 101]). No statistically significant differences were detected between the groups regarding intraoperative blood loss (MD = -9 mL; 95% CI: [-26, 8]) and the rate of conversion to open surgery (2.17% or 4/184 for robotic surgery vs. 6.59% or 17/258 for laparoscopy; RR = 0.63; 95% CI: [0.10, 4.00]). The type of surgery did not affect the length of in-hospital stay (MD = 0.18; 95% CI: [-0.60, 0.97]) or the rate of postoperative complications (14.1% or 26/184 for robotic surgery vs. 19.8% or 51/258 for laparoscopy; RR = 0.81; 95% CI: [0.52, 1.26]). No deaths were reported in either group. Discussion: The meta-analysis suggests that robotic surgery is an appropriate option for managing complicated diverticulitis. It is associated with a trend toward a lower rate of conversion to open surgery and fewer postoperative complications; however, this trend does not reach the level of statistical significance. Since no high quality RCTs were available, this meta-analysis isnot able to provide reliable conclusion, but only a remarkable lack of proper evidence supporting robotic technology. The need for further evidence-based trials is important.},
}

@article {pmid37772718,
year = {2023},
author = {Liu, JK and Ko, CY},
title = {Familial-Environmental Effects Shifting our Understanding of Diverticular Disease.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Surgeons},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/XCS.0000000000000860},
pmid = {37772718},
issn = {1879-1190},
}

@article {pmid37763023,
year = {2023},
author = {Sbarigia, C and Ritieni, C and Annibale, B and Carabotti, M},
title = {Common Diagnostic Challenges and Pitfalls in Segmental Colitis Associated with Diverticulosis (SCAD).},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {18},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm12186084},
pmid = {37763023},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD) is characterized by inflammation involving the sigmoid inter-diverticular mucosa, sparing the proximal colon and rectum. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and endoscopic and histological findings, SCAD diagnosis might be challenging in clinical practice. This narrative review aimed to report the SCAD diagnostic criteria adopted in different studies, highlighting the current challenges and main pitfalls in its diagnosis. We analysed fourteen studies, mainly prospective observational studies. Haematochezia and rectal bleeding were the main complaints leading to diagnosis, followed by diarrhoea. An accurate endoscopic description was performed in 86% of studies, while a standardised biopsy sampling protocol (sigma, proximal colon and rectum) was scarcely adopted, being complete only in 28.5% of studies. The evaluation of concomitant drugs potentially inducing colitis was carried out in only 57% of studies. Great heterogeneity in sigmoid endoscopic (edema, erythema, erosions, ulcers, mucosal friability) and histological findings (chronic and/or acute inflammatory infiltrate) was observed. We showed that SCAD diagnosis is often based on not fully adequate macroscopic colonic description and scant biopsy protocol sampling. An accurate clinical and endoscopic evaluation, with an adequate sampling biopsy protocol, with attention to differential diagnosis, seemed to be crucial for a prompt SCAD diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid37742357,
year = {2023},
author = {Musleh, A and Abbadi, K and Asbah, M and Nofal, M and Hilal, MA and Khader, A},
title = {Rare clinical entity of diffuse mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas: A case report and review of the literature.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {111},
number = {},
pages = {108859},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108859},
pmid = {37742357},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Mucinous cystic neoplasm is a rare premalignant tumor of the pancreas typically affects middle aged women. Mostly it affects the body and the tail of the pancreas and in very rare cases it may affect the head.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old female patient, previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and with an unremarkable medical and surgical history except for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and multiple admissions due to colonic diverticular disease, which ultimately required a left hemicolectomy. Recently, the patient has been experiencing a gradual onset of symptoms, including persistent right upper quadrant and epigastric pain. This pain has been progressively worsening, characterized by a constricting sensation, radiating to the back. Additionally, the patient has reported a feverish sensation, yellowish discoloration of the skin over the past two months, itching, nausea, and a notable loss of appetite. Within the last two months, there has also been a significant weight loss of 10 kg. A thorough evaluation led to a diagnosis of diffuse mucinous cystic neoplasm, which involves the entire pancreas.

DISCUSSION: Due to its categorization as a premalignant abnormality, swift surgical action is imperative following diagnosis to minimize the possibility of evolving into a malignant state. This strategy is vital to secure the best possible results for the patient and to lower the likelihood of progression to more advanced malignant stages.

CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is one of the few reported cases of diffuse histology-proven MCN of the pancreas.},
}

@article {pmid37700951,
year = {2023},
author = {Jones, DH and Spielmann, SM and Falconi, S and Obokhare, I},
title = {Colo-Fallopian Fistula: A Rare Complication of Sigmoid Colon Diverticulitis.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {e43331},
pmid = {37700951},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Diverticulitis is a common colorectal disease present in Western countries that develops as infected protrusions (diverticula) along weak points in the colon due to increased intraluminal pressure. Most patients with diverticular disease can be asymptomatic; however, several complications can arise from the development of diverticulitis. Here, we discuss the diagnosis and management of a patient presenting with recurrent Escherichia coli (E. coli) vaginal infections due to sigmoid colon diverticulitis resulting in a colo-fallopian fistula that was unremarkable on diagnostic imaging. The patient was managed with minimally invasive surgery. A 65-year-old female with a medical history of hyperlipidemia and recurrent diverticulitis presented with over a year history of recurrent E. coli vaginal infections. She underwent a robotic anterior resection with extracorporeal colorectal anastomosis via a Pfannenstiel incision. Less than 48 hours following the surgery, she was discharged without complications and has remained symptom-free nine months postoperatively. Significant improvement was noted following the procedure. The patient was able to advance her diet and was discharged the next day. The patient was seen postoperatively, with no evidence of any recurrent E. coli vaginal infections. The case highlights the diagnosis and management of a rare case of colo-fallopian fistula in a situation where the patient had recurrent vaginal infections. It is quite difficult to identify the fistula radiologically. This patient was managed with a minimally invasive surgical technique that proved to be safe and beneficial to the outcome of this patient.},
}

@article {pmid37679584,
year = {2023},
author = {Lee, Y and Andrew, L and Hill, S and An, KR and Chatroux, L and Anvari, S and Hong, D and Kuhnen, AH},
title = {Disparities in access to minimally invasive surgery for inflammatory bowel disease and outcomes by insurance status: analysis of the 2015 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample.},
journal = {Surgical endoscopy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37679584},
issn = {1432-2218},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Despite being the preferred modality for treatment of colorectal cancer and diverticular disease, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been adopted slowly for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to its technical challenges. The present study aims to assess the disparities in use of MIS for patients with IBD.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from October 2015 to December 2019 was conducted. Patients < 65 years of age were stratified by either private insurance or Medicaid. The primary outcome was access to MIS and secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, complications, length of stay (LOS), and total admission cost. Univariate and multivariate regression was utilized to determine the association between insurance status and outcomes.

RESULTS: The NIS sample population included 7866 patients with private insurance and 1689 with Medicaid. Medicaid patients had lower odds of receiving MIS than private insurance patients (OR 0.85, 95% CI [0.74-0.97], p = 0.017), and experienced more postoperative genitourinary complications (OR 1.36, 95% CI [1.08-1.71], p = 0.009). In addition, LOS was longer by 1.76 days (p < 0.001) and the total cost was higher by $5043 USD (p < 0.001) in the Medicaid group. Independent predictors of receiving MIS were age < 40 years old, female sex, highest income quartile, diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, elective admission, and care at teaching hospitals.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Medicaid are less likely to receive MIS, have longer lengths of stay, and incur higher costs for the surgical management of their IBD. Further investigations into disparities in inflammatory bowel disease care for Medicaid patients are warranted.},
}

@article {pmid37660927,
year = {2023},
author = {Evaristo, G and Szczepanski, J and Farag, MS and Rubin, DT and Campbell, LK and Marcus, VA and Lamps, LW and Hart, J},
title = {Crohn's Disease Features in Anastomotic Biopsies from Patients With and Without Crohn's Disease: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value.},
journal = {Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100325},
doi = {10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100325},
pmid = {37660927},
issn = {1530-0285},
abstract = {Endoscopic evidence of disease activity is a critical predictor of clinical relapse in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and histologic disease activity is evolving as a similarly important endpoint for patient management. However, classical morphologic features of CD may overlap with postoperative inflammatory changes, confounding the evaluation of anastomotic biopsies. There is a clear unmet need for better characterization of diagnostic and clinically significant histological features of CD in these surgically altered sites. We evaluated ileocolonic and colocolonic/rectal anastomotic biopsies performed at three academic institutions in patients with and without CD. The biopsies were blindly assessed for CD histologic features and correlated to clinical and endoscopic characteristics. In CD patients, the presence of each feature was correlated with the subsequent clinical exacerbation or relapse. We obtained anastomotic biopsies from 208 patients of which 109 were operated on for CD and 99 for another indication (neoplasia (80%), diverticular disease (11%), other (9%)). Mean time since surgery was 10 years (0-59; 14 years for CD (1-59), 6 years for non-CD (0-33)). Endoscopic inflammation was noted in 52% of cases (68% for CD, 35% for non-CD). Microscopic inflammation was present in 74% of cases (82% for CD, 67% for non-CD). Only discontinuous lymphoplasmacytosis (p<0.001) and pyloric gland metaplasia (p=0.04) occurred significantly more often in CD patients. However, none of the histologic features predicted clinical disease progression. In subset analysis, the presence of histologic features of CD in non-anastomotic biopsies obtained concurrently in CD patients was significantly associated with relapse (p=0.03). Due to extensive morphologic overlap between CD and postoperative changes and the lack of specific histologic features of relapse, biopsies from anastomotic sites are of no value in predicting clinical CD progression. Instead, CD activity in biopsies obtained away from anastomotic sites should be used for guiding endoscopic sampling and clinical management.},
}

@article {pmid37637876,
year = {2021},
author = {Gray, PJ and Goldwag, JL and Eid, MA and Trooboff, SW and Wilson, MZ and Ivatury, SJ},
title = {What Are the Long-Term Changes to Bowel Function Patient-reported Outcomes After Elective Sigmoidectomy for Diverticular Disease?: Observational Study of Patients Undergoing Elective Sigmoidectomy for Diverticular Disease.},
journal = {Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {e110},
pmid = {37637876},
issn = {2691-3593},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term changes to bowel function after elective sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease.

BACKGROUND: For patients with diverticular disease, choosing surgery is often based on the presumption of improvement in preoperative symptoms. Our group previously reported bowel function does not change in the early perioperative period; however, studies of long-term outcomes are limited.

METHODS: This is an observational study of patients that underwent elective sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease and completed the Colorectal Functional Outcome (COREFO) questionnaire before surgery. Patients were stratified into two groups based on presence or absence of a preoperative symptomatic score (i.e., total COREFO ≥ 15). Long-term bowel function (>1 year from surgery) was assessed using the COREFO questionnaire via telephone or subsequent clinic visit. Paired t-tests compared mean preoperative scores to mean long-term scores.

RESULTS: Fifty-one patients met inclusion criteria (21 symptomatic, 30 asymptomatic). All symptomatic patients had uncomplicated disease, whereas 90% of asymptomatic patients had complicated disease. Median time from operation to questionnaire completion was 23 months (IQR = 13-34). Asymptomatic patients demonstrated impaired bowel function, predominantly driven by changes in the social impact domain. Symptomatic patients demonstrated improved bowel function, driven by changes in the incontinence, social impact, stool-related aspects, and need for medication domains.

CONCLUSIONS: In the long-term after elective sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease, patients with symptomatic bowel function preoperatively improve substantially, while those with asymptomatic preoperative scores demonstrate statistically significant impairment. Patients determined to be symptomatic with patient-reported outcomes likely benefit long-term from sigmoid resection.Mini-Abstract: In this manuscript, long-term changes to patient-reported bowel function were assessed using a validated questionnaire after sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease. We found that in patients with symptomatic preoperative bowel function, long-term bowel function improved after elective resection. Alternatively, patients with asymptomatic preoperative bowel function demonstrated long-term impairment in bowel function.},
}

@article {pmid37627532,
year = {2023},
author = {Pallotta, L and Cammisotto, V and Castellani, V and Gioia, A and Spigaroli, M and Carlomagno, D and Bartimoccia, S and Nocella, C and Cappelletti, M and Pontone, S and Carnevale, R and Violi, F and Vona, R and Giordano, C and Pignatelli, P and Severi, C},
title = {Diverticular Disease Worsening Is Associated with Increased Oxidative Stress and Gut Permeability: New Insights by Circulating Biomarkers.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox12081537},
pmid = {37627532},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {000106_20_RS__SEVER_PICCOLI_2020//Sapienza University/ ; },
abstract = {Diverticular disease (DD) management is impaired by its pathogenesis, which is still not completely defined, with an unmet clinical need for improved therapies. Ex vivo DD human models demonstrated the presence of a transmural oxidative imbalance that supports an ischemic pathogenesis. This study aimed to assess, with the use of circulating biomarkers, insights into DD pathogenesis and possible therapeutic targets. Nox2-derived peptide, H2O2, antioxidant capacity, isoprostanes, thromboxanes, TNF-α, LPS and zonulin were evaluated by ELISA in healthy subjects (HS) and asymptomatic and symptomatic DD patients. Compared to HS, DD patients presented low antioxidant capacity and increase in sNox2-dp, H2O2 and isoprostanes paralleled to a TNFα increase, lower than that of oxidative markers. TxB2 production correlated to Nox2 and isoprostanes, suggesting platelet activation. An increase in zonulin and LPS highlighted the role of gut permeability and LPS translocation in DD pathogenesis. The increase of all the markers statistically correlated with DD severity. The present study confirmed the presence of a main oxidative imbalance in DD and provides evidence of platelet activation driven by LPS translocation. The use of circulating biomarkers could represent a new clinical tool for monitoring disease progression and validate therapeutic strategies never tested in DD as antioxidant supplementation.},
}

@article {pmid37593341,
year = {2023},
author = {Azzopardi, M and Wallace, T and Khaled, YS},
title = {Aortoiliac graft-enteric fistula presenting as gastrointestinal hemorrhage: A report on a complex case management.},
journal = {Clinical case reports},
volume = {11},
number = {8},
pages = {e7801},
pmid = {37593341},
issn = {2050-0904},
abstract = {KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Iliac artery-enteric fistula is a rare cause of lower GI bleeding and can cause life-threatening consequences. A high degree of clinical suspicion is needed in patients with previous aortic surgery to allow early multidisciplinary intervention.

ABSTRACT: This case study discusses the staged management of a 78-year-old patient presenting with life-threatening lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding secondary to an aortoiliac graft-enteric fistula (GEF) into the sigmoid colon on the background of an adenocarcinoma and diverticular disease. The patient had an aorto bi-iliac synthetic dacron graft repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) some 20 years ago. Here, we present a case of successful endovascular treatment of massive hemorrhage as a bridge to definitive second-stage dacron graft explant and autologous vein reconstruction with a simultaneous anterior resection.},
}

@article {pmid37588135,
year = {2023},
author = {Guo, X and Patel, B and Han, L and Van Alstine, WG and Noblet, JN and Chambers, SD and Kassab, GS},
title = {Novel patch biomaterial treatment for colon diverticulosis in swine model.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1215362},
pmid = {37588135},
issn = {2296-4185},
abstract = {Current leading managements for diverticular disease cannot prevent the recurrence of diverticulitis, bleeding and/or other complications. There is an immediate need for developing new minimal invasive therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat this disease. Through a biomechanical analysis of porcine colon with diverticular lesions, we proposed a novel adhesive patch concept aiming at mechanical reconstruction of the diseased colon wall. This study aims to evaluate the surgical feasibility (safety and efficacy) of pulmonary visceral pleura (PVP) patch therapy using a pig model of diverticulosis. Six female Yucatan miniature pigs underwent collagenase injection (CI) for the development of diverticular lesions. The lesions in each animal either received patch implantation (treated group, n = 40 for 6 pigs) or left intact (untreated group, n = 44 for 6 pigs). The normal colonic wall in each animal received patch implantation at two spots to serve as control (n = 12 for 6 pigs). After 3 months of observation, the performance and safety of the patch treatment were evaluated through macroscopic and histological examination. We found that 95% of pouch-like herniation of the mucosa was prevented from the colon wall with the treatment. The pouch diameter was significantly reduced in the treated group as compared to the untreated group (p < 0.001). The patch application caused a significant increase in the levels of collagen of the colon tissue as compared to the untreated and control groups (p < 0.001). No difference was found in the lymphocyte and macrophage inflammatory infiltrate between the groups. Our results suggest that patch treatment efficiently inhibits the diverticular pouch deformation and promotes the healing of the colon wall with a normal inflammatory response, which may minimize the risk of diverticulosis reoccurrence and complications over time.},
}

@article {pmid37567817,
year = {2023},
author = {Mirande, MD and McKenna, NP and Bews, KA and Shawki, SF and Cima, RR and Brady, JT and Colibaseanu, DT and Mathis, KL and Kelley, SR},
title = {Risk factors for surgical site infections and trends in skin closure technique after diverting loop ileostomy reversal: A multi-institutional analysis.},
journal = {American journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.07.042},
pmid = {37567817},
issn = {1879-1883},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most common complications following diverting loop ileostomy (DLI) closures. This study assesses SSIs after DLI closure and the temporal trends in skin closure technique.

METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for adult patients who underwent a DLI closure between 2012 and 2021 across a multistate health system. Skin closure technique was categorized as primary, primary ​+ ​drain, or purse-string closure. The primary outcome was SSI at the former DLI site.

RESULTS: A SSI was diagnosed in 5.7% of patients; 6.9% for primary closure, 5.7% for primary closure ​+ ​drain, and 2.7% for purse-string closure (p ​= ​0.25). A diagnosis of Crohn's disease, diverticular disease, and increasing operative time were significant risk factors for SSIs. There was a positive trend in the use of purse-string closure over time (p ​< ​0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a low SSI rate after DLI closure which did not vary significantly based on skin closure technique. Utilization of purse-string closure increased over time.},
}

@article {pmid37479564,
year = {2023},
author = {Bachelani, AM},
title = {My thoughts: The changing role of elective colectomy for diverticular disease.},
journal = {American journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.07.024},
pmid = {37479564},
issn = {1879-1883},
}

@article {pmid37415341,
year = {2023},
author = {Cameron, R and Walker, MM and Jones, M and Eslick, GD and Keely, S and Pockney, P and Cosentino, CC and Talley, NJ},
title = {Increased mucosal eosinophils in colonic diverticulosis and diverticular disease.},
journal = {Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jgh.16278},
pmid = {37415341},
issn = {1440-1746},
support = {//National Health and Medical Research Council/ ; },
abstract = {AIMS: Eosinophils contribute to tissue homeostasis, damage, and repair. The mucosa of colonic diverticula has not been evaluated for eosinophils by quantitative histology. We aimed to investigate whether mucosal eosinophils and other immune cells are increased in colonic diverticula.

METHODS: Hematoxylin and eosin stained sections from colonic surgical resections (n = 82) containing diverticula were examined. Eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, in five high power fields in the lamina propria were counted at the base, neck, and ostia of the diverticulum and counts compared to non-diverticula mucosa. The cohort was further subgrouped by elective and emergency surgical indications.

RESULTS: Following an initial review of 10 surgical resections from patients with diverticulosis, a total of 82 patients with colonic resections containing diverticula from the descending colon were evaluated (median age 71.5, 42 M/40F). Eosinophil counts for the entire cohort were increased in the base and neck (median 99 and 42, both P = <0.001) compared with the control location (median 16). Eosinophil counts remained significantly increased in the diverticula base (both P = <0.001) and neck (P = 0.01 and <0.001, respectively) in both elective and emergency cases. Lymphocytes were also significantly increased at the diverticula base compared to controls in both elective and emergency subgroups.

CONCLUSION: Eosinophils are significantly and most strikingly increased within the diverticulum in resected colonic diverticula. While these observations are novel, the role of eosinophil and chronic inflammation is as yet unclear in the pathophysiology of colonic diverticulosis and diverticular disease.},
}

@article {pmid37380447,
year = {2023},
author = {Ishinoda, Y and Uto, A and Meshino, H and Kobayashi, A and Okazaki, M and Asada, H and Wakamatsu, S and Tsuda, H and Yamada, Y and Kasuga, A and Oshima, N},
title = {Bowel perforation associated with Cushing's disease: a case report with literature review.},
journal = {Endocrine journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1507/endocrj.EJ23-0110},
pmid = {37380447},
issn = {1348-4540},
abstract = {Although rare, endogenous hypercortisolemia, including Cushing's disease (CD), is known to cause bowel perforation and to mask typical symptoms of bowel perforation, leading to delayed diagnosis. Additionally, elderly patients with CD are considered to be at a higher risk for bowel perforation because intestinal tissue fragility tends to increase in the elderly. Herein, we describe a rare case in which a young adult patient with CD was diagnosed with bowel perforation associated with CD following severe abdominal pain. A 24-year-old Japanese man was admitted to the hospital for the evaluation of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. He suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain on the 8th day of hospitalization. Computed tomography revealed free air around the sigmoid colon. The patient was diagnosed with bowel perforation, underwent emergency surgery, and was saved. He was subsequently diagnosed with CD, and the pituitary adenoma was resected transsphenoidally. To date, eight cases of bowel perforation due to CD had been reported, with a median age of 61 years at the time of bowel perforation. Hypokalemia was detected in half of the patients, and all had a history of diverticular disease. Nevertheless, not many patients complained of peritoneal irritation. In conclusion, this is the youngest reported case with bowel perforation due to CD and the first report of bowel perforation in a patient without a history of diverticular disease. Bowel perforation may occur in patients with CD, irrespective of age and the presence of hypokalemia, diverticular disease, or peritoneal irritation.},
}

@article {pmid37374287,
year = {2023},
author = {Vaghiri, S and Krieg, S and Prassas, D and Loosen, SH and Roderburg, C and Luedde, T and Knoefel, WT and Krieg, A},
title = {A New Nomogram-Based Prediction Model for Postoperative Outcome after Sigmoid Resection for Diverticular Disease.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {59},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {37374287},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Humans ; Nomograms ; Colon, Sigmoid/surgery ; *Diverticular Diseases ; Elective Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Hemoglobins ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; *Laparoscopy/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {Background and Objectives: Sigmoid resection still bears a considerable risk of complications. The primary aim was to evaluate and incorporate influencing factors of adverse perioperative outcomes following sigmoid resection into a nomogram-based prediction model. Materials and Methods: Patients from a prospectively maintained database (2004-2022) who underwent either elective or emergency sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease were enrolled. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to identify patient-specific, disease-related, or surgical factors and preoperative laboratory results that may predict postoperative outcome. Results: Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 41.3% and 3.55%, respectively, in 282 included patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed preoperative hemoglobin levels (p = 0.042), ASA classification (p = 0.040), type of surgical access (p = 0.014), and operative time (p = 0.049) as significant predictors of an eventful postoperative course and enabled the establishment of a dynamic nomogram. Postoperative length of hospital stay was influenced by low preoperative hemoglobin (p = 0.018), ASA class 4 (p = 0.002), immunosuppression (p = 0.010), emergency intervention (p = 0.024), and operative time (p = 0.010). Conclusions: A nomogram-based scoring tool will help stratify risk and reduce preventable complications.},
}

Humans
Nomograms
Colon, Sigmoid/surgery
*Diverticular Diseases
Elective Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
Hemoglobins
Postoperative Complications/etiology
*Laparoscopy/methods
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid37373082,
year = {2023},
author = {Sabo, CM and Ismaiel, M and Ismaiel, A and Leucuta, DC and Popa, SL and Grad, S and Dumitrascu, DL},
title = {Do Colonic Mucosal Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Levels Play a Role in Diverticular Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {37373082},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; *Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; *Colitis ; Inflammation ; *Diverticular Diseases ; },
abstract = {Diverticular disease (DD) is the most frequent condition in the Western world that affects the colon. Although chronic mild inflammatory processes have recently been proposed as a central factor in DD, limited information is currently available regarding the role of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to assess the mucosal TNF-α levels in DD. We conducted a systematic literature search using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus to identify observational studies assessing the TNF-α levels in DD. Full-text articles that satisfied our inclusion and exclusion criteria were included, and a quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The principal summary outcome was the mean difference (MD). The results were reported as MD (95% confidence interval (CI)). A total of 12 articles involving 883 subjects were included in the qualitative synthesis, out of which 6 studies were included in our quantitative synthesis. We did not observe statistical significance related to the mucosal TNF-α levels in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) vs. the controls (0.517 (95% CI -1.148-2.182)), and symptomatic vs. asymptomatic DD patients (0.657 (95% CI -0.883-2.196)). However, the TNF-α levels were found to be significantly increased in DD compared to irritable bowel disease (IBS) patients (27.368 (95% CI 23.744-30.992)), and segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD) vs. IBS patients (25.303 (95% CI 19.823-30.784)). Between SUDD and the controls, as well as symptomatic and asymptomatic DD, there were no significant differences in the mucosal TNF-α levels. However, the TNF-α levels were considerably higher in DD and SCAD patients than IBS patients. Our findings suggest that TNF-α may play a key role in the pathogenesis of DD in specific subgroups and could potentially be a target for future therapies.},
}

Humans
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
*Irritable Bowel Syndrome
*Colitis
Inflammation
*Diverticular Diseases

@article {pmid37565180,
year = {2023},
author = {Bhatia, M and Mattoo, A},
title = {Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Current Treatment Trends.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {e43158},
pmid = {37565180},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Diverticular disease is a common surgical condition, especially in the Western world. Its existence is well known in Asian countries as well; however, its impact on Asian health care is not the same as that in Western countries. Diverticular disease has a variable presentation, and its implications can be challenging to manage both for the patient and the medical professionals. Diet and lifestyle are commonly associated with its etiology. In Western countries, much attention is given to diverticular disease, and with the acceptance of colonoscopy as a surveillance investigation, a greater number of people are diagnosed with diverticular disease at an early stage and overall. In acute presentations, a CT scan of the abdomen remains the investigation of choice. The most common presentation of diverticular disease is pain in the abdomen or a change in bowel habits. In most cases, diverticular disease is treated with medical intervention; however, in cases associated with severe complications or advanced stages, surgical modality remains the primary treatment.},
}

@article {pmid37559850,
year = {2023},
author = {Lynch, CA},
title = {Are Patients Requiring Hartmann's Procedure Being Adequately Optimised for Surgery: An Audit Cycle.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {e41589},
pmid = {37559850},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Introduction Hartmann's procedures are common surgical operations indicated in a wide variety of presentations including colon malignancy, diverticular disease, volvulus, and colovesical and colovaginal fistulas. The procedure is a major undertaking for the patient and those presenting in the emergency setting are often clinically unwell with deranged laboratory investigations. Numerous studies have demonstrated that pre-operative anaemia contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Applying the conclusions of one study recommending a minimum haemoglobin >12 g/dL level pre-operatively, this audit assessed patient optimisation prior to Hartmann's procedure. Materials and methods Patients undergoing Hartmann's procedures between May 2016 and February 2020 were identified. Data was collected retrospectively to analyse American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) grade and pre-operative haemoglobin level. Pre-operative haemoglobin and group and save blood test values were identified pre-and post-intervention. Results Pre-intervention, 15 (21%) of 70 patients had a haemoglobin level <12 g/dL and 63 patients (90%) had a group and save blood test completed on admission. Post-intervention data was collected from 45 patients, with figures improving to five (11%) and 44 (97%) patients, respectively. Conclusion Our flowchart poster distribution and addition to the surgical proforma led to increased patient optimisation prior to Hartmann's procedure.},
}

@article {pmid37550901,
year = {2023},
author = {Tursi, A and Piovani, D and Brandimarte, G and Di Mario, F and Elisei, W and Picchio, M and Allegretta, L and Annunziata, ML and Bafutto, M and Bassotti, G and Bianco, MA and Colucci, R and Conigliaro, R and Dumitrascu, DL and Escalante, R and Ferrini, L and Forti, G and Franceschi, M and Graziani, MG and Lammert, F and Latella, G and Maconi, G and Compare, D and Nardone, G and Camara De Castro Oliveira, L and Oliveira, EC and Papa, A and Papagrigoriadis, S and Pietrzak, A and Pontone, S and Poskus, T and Pranzo, G and Reichert, MC and Rodinò, S and Regula, J and Scaccianoce, G and Scaldaferri, F and Vassallo, R and Zampaletta, C and Zullo, A and Spaziani, E and Bonovas, S and Danese, S and , },
title = {Diverticular Inflammation and Complication Assessment classification, CODA score and fecal calprotectin in clinical assessment of patients with diverticular disease: A decision curve analysis.},
journal = {United European gastroenterology journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ueg2.12369},
pmid = {37550901},
issn = {2050-6414},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Diverticular Inflammation and Complication Assessment (DICA) classification and the Combined Overview on Diverticular Assessment (CODA) were found to be effective in predicting the outcomes of Diverticular Disease (DD). We ascertain whether fecal calprotectin (FC) can further aid in improving risk stratification.

METHODS: A three-year international, multicentre, prospective cohort study was conducted involving 43 Gastroenterology and Endoscopy centres. Survival methods for censored observations were used to estimate the risk of acute diverticulitis (AD) in newly diagnosed DD patients according to basal FC, DICA, and CODA. The net benefit of management strategies based on DICA, CODA and FC in addition to CODA was assessed with decision curve analysis, which incorporates the harms and benefits of using a prognostic model for clinical decisions.

RESULTS: At the first diagnosis of diverticulosis/DD, 871 participants underwent FC measurement. FC was associated with the risk of AD at 3 years (HR per each base 10 logarithm increase: 3.29; 95% confidence interval, 2.13-5.10) and showed moderate discrimination (c-statistic: 0.685; 0.614-0.756). DICA and CODA were more accurate predictors of AD than FC. However, FC showed high discrimination capacity to predict AD at 3 months, which was not maintained at longer follow-up times. The decision curve analysis comparing the combination of FC and CODA with CODA alone did not clearly indicate a larger net benefit of one strategy over the other.

CONCLUSIONS: FC measurement could be used as a complementary tool to assess the immediate risk of AD. In all other cases, treatment strategies based on the CODA score alone should be recommended.},
}

@article {pmid37530771,
year = {2023},
author = {Goncharov, AL and Chicherina, MA and Aslanyan, AS and Muratov, II and Gallyamov, EA},
title = {[Reversal of Hartmann's procedure in patients with diverticular disease].},
journal = {Khirurgiia},
volume = {},
number = {8},
pages = {54-61},
doi = {10.17116/hirurgia202308154},
pmid = {37530771},
issn = {0023-1207},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyze intraoperative and early postoperative results of open and laparoscopic reversal of Hartmann's (HR) procedure in patients with diverticular disease.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single-center retrospective non-randomized study included 31 patients with complicated form of diverticular disease between 2018 and 2022. Patients underwent reversal of Hartmann's procedure (laparoscopic surgery - 19, laparotomy - 12).

RESULTS: Mean time of laparoscopy and open surgery was 202±36.7 and 223±41 min, respectively. There were no intraoperative complications in both groups and conversions of laparoscopic reversal of Hartmann's procedure. No preventive stoma was required. Mean postoperative hospital-stay was 7.6±3.2 and 9.5±4.6 days, respectively. Overall incidence of postoperative complications was 32.2% (n=10), i.e. 4 (21%) and 6 (50%) patients in both groups, respectively. Anastomotic leakage occurred in one patient after open surgery.

CONCLUSION: In our sample, incidence of complications was low after reversal of Hartmann's procedure in patients with complicated diverticular disease. There was 1 (3.2%) patient with anastomotic leakage, and no temporary stoma was formed. In patients who underwent laparoscopic Hartmann's procedure at the first stage and selected patients after open surgeries, laparoscopic reversal procedures were accompanied by no conversions. There were favorable results typical for minimally invasive surgery. Selection criteria for laparoscopic access are discussable. Large-scale studies including randomized trials are needed to verify selection criteria for minimally invasive reversal of Hartmann's procedure and demonstrate its advantages over open surgery.},
}

@article {pmid37521369,
year = {2023},
author = {Gavriilidis, P and Paily, A},
title = {Colonic Perforation Secondary to Gallstone Impaction in the Sigmoid Colon.},
journal = {Case reports in surgery},
volume = {2023},
number = {},
pages = {9986665},
pmid = {37521369},
issn = {2090-6900},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Gallstone sigmoid ileus is a very rare manifestation of large bowel obstruction. Mainly, three conditions predispose the manifestation of the entity; in particular, an episode of cholecystitis causing cholecysto-colonic fistula; a large gallstone; and narrowing of the sigmoid colon secondary to diverticular disease or malignancy. Case Report. An 82-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a one-week history of severe constipation, tachypnoea, tachycardia, hypotension, and high lactate. Physical examination demonstrated cyanosed upper and lower extremities and palpation of the abdomen revealed signs of peritonism, abdominal distention, and guarding. Computerized tomography scan demonstrated perforation of the hollow viscus organ secondary to impaction of the large gallstone in the sigmoid colon. Laparotomy revealed sigmoid perforation and widespread feculent peritonitis. The patient underwent Hartmann's procedure. After the intervention gave concerns regarding the patient's haemodynamic stability, he was transferred to the intensive care unit. The patient passed away on the third postoperative day due to complications secondary to haemodynamic instability.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with early diagnosed uncomplicated sigmoid gallstone ileus can be managed with endoscopic mechanical lithotripsy. In case of failure, open or laparoscopic enterolithotomy can be applied. However, when patients present with complications, surgery should not be delayed. In our case, Hartmann's procedure was an absolute indication due to sigmoid perforation and widespread feculent peritonitis.},
}

@article {pmid37516514,
year = {2023},
author = {Aguilar-Alvarado, MY and Baker, B and Chiu, LS and Shah, MK},
title = {Benign Colorectal Disorders.},
journal = {Primary care},
volume = {50},
number = {3},
pages = {461-480},
doi = {10.1016/j.pop.2023.03.011},
pmid = {37516514},
issn = {1558-299X},
abstract = {Benign conditions of the colon and rectum are a heterogeneous group of conditions that range from inflammatory to infectious to pelvic floor health conditions that affect large segments of the US population. These conditions include diverticular disease, hemorrhoids, and anorectal lesions. The initial presentation of these very common conditions often occurs in the outpatient primary care setting, and most can be managed by the primary care clinician. This article will provide an overview on the prevalence, diagnosis, and management of some of the most common benign colorectal disorders; these are broadly divided into diverticular disease, hemorrhoids, and anorectal conditions.},
}

@article {pmid37507738,
year = {2023},
author = {Garro-Mendiola, A and Guevara-Lazo, D and Samanez, WP and Lizarzaburu-Robles, JC},
title = {Difficult diagnosis in the clinical evaluation of a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {324},
pmid = {37507738},
issn = {1752-1947},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the sigmoid colon is an exceedingly rare subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC) associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. Due to its variable clinical presentation ranging from subclinical to fully symptomatic and limited available information, it poses a diagnostic challenge. We aim to provide a review of the current literature and raise awareness about the importance of a thorough clinical analysis for an early diagnosis.

CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the case of a 59-year-old Peruvian woman with a medical history of diverticular disease and irritable bowel syndrome. The patient presented with nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, constipation, and bloating. Diagnostic tests and biopsy revealed a rare case of squamous cell carcinoma of the sigmoid colon. The patient underwent surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION: Despite the rarity of this type of cancer in the colon, the patient's clinical course highlights the importance of considering it as a potential diagnosis in patients with nonspecific symptoms and a history of gastrointestinal disorders. Surgical treatment followed by radiotherapy is the preferred management. Factors such as lack of postoperative complications and the stage of the neoplasia can augur a positive.

PROGNOSIS: A prompt diagnosis is crucial, as detecting a neoplasia in its early stages can make surgery more effective.},
}

@article {pmid37505437,
year = {2023},
author = {Silvestri, V and Pontecorvi, E and Sciuto, A and Pacella, D and Peltrini, R and D'Ambra, M and Lionetti, R and Filotico, M and Lauria, F and Sarnelli, G and Pirozzi, F and Ruotolo, F and Bracale, U and Corcione, F},
title = {Preservation of the inferior mesenteric artery VS ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery in left colectomy: evaluation of functional outcomes-a prospective non-randomized controlled trial.},
journal = {Updates in surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37505437},
issn = {2038-3312},
abstract = {Vascular approach during elective laparoscopic left colectomy impacts post-operative outcomes. The aim of our study was to evaluate how different approaches impact positively defecatory, urinary and sexual functions and quality of life during elective laparoscopic left colectomy. A prospective non-randomized controlled trial at two tertiary center was conducted. All patients who underwent elective laparoscopic left colonic resection from January 2019 to July 2022 were analyzed. They were divided into two groups based on Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA) preservation with distal ligation of sigmoid branches close to a colonic wall for complicated diverticular disease and IMA high tie ligation for oncological disease. Patients were asked to fulfil standardized, validated questionnaires to evaluate pre and post-operative defecatory, urinary and sexual functions and quality of life. Defecatory disorders were assessed by high-resolution anorectal manometry preoperatively and six months after surgery. A total of 122 patients were included in the study. The 62 patients with IMA preservation showed a lower incidence of defecatory disorders also confirmed by manometer data, minor incontinence and less lifestyle alteration than the 60 patients with IMA high tie ligation. No urinary disorders such as incomplete emptying, frequency, intermittence or urgency were highlighted after surgery in the IMA preservation group. Evidence of any sexual disorders remained controversial. The IMA-preserving vascular approach seems to be an effective strategy to prevent postoperative functional disorders. It is a safe and feasible technique especially for diverticular disease. New prospective randomized and highly probative studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness in specific clinical situations.},
}

@article {pmid37492107,
year = {2023},
author = {Wu, Y and Goleva, SB and Breidenbach, LB and Kim, M and MacGregor, S and Gandal, MJ and Davis, LK and Wray, NR},
title = {150 risk variants for diverticular disease of intestine prioritize cell types and enable polygenic prediction of disease susceptibility.},
journal = {Cell genomics},
volume = {3},
number = {7},
pages = {100326},
pmid = {37492107},
issn = {2666-979X},
abstract = {We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis of diverticular disease (DivD) of intestine within 724,372 individuals and identified 150 independent genome-wide significant DNA variants. Integration of the GWAS results with human gut single-cell RNA sequencing data implicated gut myocyte, mesothelial and stromal cells, and enteric neurons and glia in DivD development. Ninety-five genes were prioritized based on multiple lines of evidence, including SLC9A3, a drug target gene of tenapanor used for the treatment of the constipation subtype of irritable bowel syndrome. A DivD polygenic score (PGS) enables effective risk prediction (area under the curve [AUC], 0.688; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.645-0.732) and the top 20% PGS was associated with ∼3.6-fold increased DivD risk relative to the remaining population. Our statistical and bioinformatic analyses suggest that the mechanism of DivD is through colon structure, gut motility, gastrointestinal mucus, and ionic homeostasis. Our analyses reinforce the link between gastrointestinal disorders and the enteric nervous system through genetics.},
}

@article {pmid37490182,
year = {2023},
author = {Schaffler-Schaden, D and Mittermair, C and Bittner, F and Zintl, R and Schaffler, G and Weiss, H},
title = {Effects of sarcopenia and myosteatosis are alleviated in reduced port surgery for diverticulitis.},
journal = {International journal of colorectal disease},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {202},
pmid = {37490182},
issn = {1432-1262},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Many studies report the predictive value of sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and visceral fat for clinical outcome after surgery. Radiological analysis of body composition is a valuable tool for identifying high-risk patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Despite the high prevalence of diverticular disease, patients with benign conditions have hardly been studied in this context. This study aims to evaluate the impact of reduced port surgery on the outcome of patients with diverticulitis, adjusting for body composition.

METHODS: We assessed body composition profiles using preoperative CT slices at the level of the third lumbar vertebra in consecutive patients undergoing single-port elective surgery for diverticulitis in a single center. The effects of sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and visceral fat on mortality and complications were analyzed and adjusted for age and gender.

RESULTS: We enrolled 99 patients with diverticulitis undergoing elective single port surgery in this study. Of the patients, 71.2% had sarcopenia and 60.6% had myosteatosis. The overall complication rate was 17.2%, and the rate of anastomotic leakage was 4.0%. Thirty-day mortality was 2.0%. Loss of skeletal muscle mass, myosteatosis, and visceral fat were not associated with higher complication or mortality rates in our cohort.

CONCLUSION: Body composition profiles had no impact on the clinical course in our cohort. Minimally invasive surgery may potentially compensate for the adverse effects of sarcopenia and myosteatosis in diverticulitis.},
}

@article {pmid37482697,
year = {2023},
author = {Stapler, SJ and Colom, SM and Rajkumar, D and Cleary, RK},
title = {Early Urinary Catheter Removal After Colectomy for Colovesical Fistula is Not Associated With Increased Postoperative Complications.},
journal = {The American surgeon},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {31348231191179},
doi = {10.1177/00031348231191179},
pmid = {37482697},
issn = {1555-9823},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Management of the bladder defect during colectomy for colovesical fistula (CVF) and recommendations for duration of urinary catheter drainage are inconsistent. This study aimed to determine if urinary catheter drainage duration was associated with postoperative complications.

METHODS: Retrospective single institution cohort study of patients undergoing resection for diverticular CVF from 2015 through 2021. Urinary catheter drainage was defined as Early (≤7 days postoperative and then subdivided into 1-2 days, 3-5 days, 6-7 days), and Late (>7 days postoperative). Primary outcome was a composite measure of postoperative bladder leak, surgical site infection-III, sepsis, reoperation, and postoperative length-of-stay ≥7 days.

RESULTS: There were 73 patients-64 Early group and 9 Late group. Composite measure between groups (Early 25% vs Late 33.33%, P = .688) was not significantly different. The Late group had more patients with large bladder defects (33.3% vs 7.8%, P = .054), significantly more patients who underwent suture repair (55.6% vs 14.1%, P = .01), and significantly more patients that had an intraoperative pelvic drain (66.7% vs 15.6%, P = .003). After propensity score inverse weighting, the Late group had significantly more cystogram-detected postoperative bladder leaks (P = .002) and ileus (P = .042) than the Early group. There were no bladder leaks or ileus in those who had urinary catheter removal on postoperative days 1-2.

CONCLUSIONS: Early urinary catheter removal was associated with no increase in bladder leaks and fewer postoperative complications after definitive management of CVF. Further investigation is required to determine if intraoperative bladder leak testing and postoperative cystograms are useful adjuncts in decision making.},
}

@article {pmid37452913,
year = {2023},
author = {Connelly, TM and Cheong, JY and Lincango, EP and Foley, N and Duraes, LC and Kessler, H},
title = {Surgery for young onset diverticulitis: is it curative?.},
journal = {International journal of colorectal disease},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {195},
pmid = {37452913},
issn = {1432-1262},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Previously considered a disease of old age, diverticular disease is increasingly prevalent in younger populations. Guidelines on surgical resection have shifted from recommending resection for all young onset patients to an individualized approach. Therefore, we aim to determine demographics and outcomes including radiographic and surgical recurrence rates in patients < 40 years old undergoing resection for diverticular disease.

METHODS: A retrospective, single center study was performed. All patients ≤ 39 years undergoing operative intervention for left-sided diverticular disease between Jan 2010 and July 2017 were included. Recurrence was determined by individual review of imaging and operative reports.

RESULTS: Overall, 147 (n = 107/72.8% male, mean age = 34.93 ± 4.12 years) patients were included. The majority were ASA 1 or 2 (n = 41/27.9% and n = 82/55.8%). The most common surgical indication was uncomplicated diverticulitis (n = 77, 52.4%) followed by perforation (n = 26/17.7%). The majority (n = 108/73.5%) of cases were elective. Seventy-nine (57.3%) of all cases were performed laparoscopically. Primary anastomosis without diversion was the most common surgical outcome (n = 108/73.5%). Median length of stay was 5 (4, 7) days. There was no mortality. There were three (2.0%) intraoperative and 38 (25.9%) postoperative complications. The most common complication was anastomotic leak (n = 6/4.1%). The majority (n = 5) of leaks occurred after elective surgery. Two neoplastic lesions (1.3% of cohort) were found (1 adenoma with low-grade dysplasia/1 polyp cancer). Over a mean follow-up of 96 (74, 123) months, only 2 (1.3%) patients experienced a surgical or radiological recurrence.

CONCLUSION: Both neoplasia and recurrence after resection for diverticular disease in young onset patients are rare. Leaks after primary anastomosis even in the elective setting warrant careful consideration of a defunctioning ileostomy.},
}

@article {pmid37451357,
year = {2023},
author = {Linan-Rico, A and Ochoa-Cortes, F and Schneider, R and Christofi, FL},
title = {Mini-Review: Enteric Glial Cell Reactions to Inflammation and Potential Therapeutic Implications for GI Diseases, Motility Disorders and Abdominal Pain.},
journal = {Neuroscience letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {137395},
doi = {10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137395},
pmid = {37451357},
issn = {1872-7972},
abstract = {Enteric glial cells are emerging as critical players in the regulation of intestinal motility, secretion, epithelial barrier function, and gut homeostasis in health and disease. Enteric glia react to intestinal inflammation by converting to a 'reactive glial phenotype' and enteric gliosis, contributing to neuroinflammation, enteric neuropathy, bowel motor dysfunction and dysmotility, diarrhea or constipation, 'leaky gut', and visceral pain. The focus of the minireview is on the impact of inflammation on enteric glia reactivity in response to diverse insults such as intestinal surgery, ischemia, infections (C. difficile infection, HIV-Tat-induced diarrhea, endotoxemia and paralytic ileus), GI diseases (inflammatory bowel diseases, diverticular disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, colorectal cancer) and functional GI disorders (postoperative ileus, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome). Significant progress has been made in recent years on molecular pathogenic mechanisms of glial reactivity and enteric gliosis, resulting in enteric neuropathy, disruption of motility, diarrhea, visceral hypersensitivity and abdominal pain. There is a growing number of glial molecular targets with therapeutic implications that includes receptors for interleukin-1 (IL-1R), purines (P2X2R, A2BR), PPARα, lysophosphatidic acid (LPAR1), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4R), estrogen-β receptor (ERβ) adrenergic α-2 (α-2R) and endothelin B (ETBR), connexin-43 / Colony-stimulating factor 1 signaling (Cx43/CSF1) and the S100β/RAGE signaling pathway. These exciting new developments are the subject of the minireview. Some of the findings in pre-clinical models may be translatable to humans, raising the possibility of designing future clinical trials to test therapeutic application(s). Overall, research on enteric glia has resulted in significant advances in our understanding of GI pathophysiology.},
}

@article {pmid37432301,
year = {2023},
author = {Polese, B and Carabotti, M and Rurgo, S and Ritieni, C and Sarnelli, G and Barbara, G and Pace, F and Cuomo, R and Annibale, B and On Behalf Of Remad Group, },
title = {Patients with Diverticular Disease Have Different Dietary Habits Compared to Control Subjects: Results from an Observational Italian Study.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu15092119},
pmid = {37432301},
issn = {2072-6643},
abstract = {The role of dietary habits as risk factor for the development of diverticular complications has strongly emerged in the last years. We aimed to evaluate possible differences in dietary habits between patients with diverticular disease (DD) and matched controls without diverticula. Dietary habits were obtained from standardized food frequency questionnaires collected at entry to the Diverticular Disease Registry (REMAD). We compared controls (C) (n = 119) with asymptomatic diverticulosis (D) (n = 344), symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) (n = 154) and previous diverticulitis (PD) (n = 83) patients, in terms of daily calories, macro and micronutrients and dietary vitamins. Daily kcal intake and lipids, both saturated and unsaturated, were significantly lower in patients with DD than C. Total protein consumption was lower in PD than D, with differing consumption of unprocessed red meat, white meat and eggs between groups. Consumption of fibre, both soluble and insoluble, was lower in patients with PD compared to patients with SUDD, D and C, whereas dietary vitamins A, C, D and E and Oxygen Radical Adsorbance Capacity index were lower in all DD groups compared to C. This observational study showed that DD patients have different dietary habits, mainly in terms of caloric, fat, fibre and vitamin intake, compared to control subjects.},
}

@article {pmid37426401,
year = {2023},
author = {Le, DP},
title = {Metastatic Seeding of Abdominal Wall After Drainage of Perforated Colorectal Cancer in a Presumed Complicated Diverticular Disease.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {15},
number = {7},
pages = {e41469},
pmid = {37426401},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {A 37-year-old male presented multiple times for abdominal pain with a persistent diverticular abscess on imaging that was managed previously with antibiotics and percutaneous drainages. Due to unrelenting abdominal pain and multiple presentations of unresolved acute complicated diverticulitis, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy. A colonic mass was discovered, and the patient had a colonic resection. Pathology revealed invasive transverse colonic adenocarcinoma with perforation and involvement of the stomach. Imaging showed no distant metastatic disease and chemotherapy was started. Months after treatment, the patient developed skin lesions and a palpable mass at the previous drain site. Biopsy showed metastatic adenocarcinoma consistent with colonic origin. Colonic adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the abdominal wall after drainage of presumed diverticular abscess is rare. Clinicians should consider malignancy when a patient has a recurrent diverticular abscess that has failed medical management and multiple drainages. Clinicians should remain vigilant of the risk of seeding colonic adenocarcinoma to the abdominal wall when repeated drainage is performed.},
}

@article {pmid37425033,
year = {2023},
author = {Dunckley, MG and Ahmed, K and Said, A and Raza, M and Dighe, S and Al-Temimi, A},
title = {Variability in the presentation of complicated jejunal diverticulosis.},
journal = {JRSM open},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {20542704231183247},
pmid = {37425033},
issn = {2054-2704},
abstract = {Jejunal diverticulosis is a rare disease which normally presents for the first time with acute complications, often requiring surgical intervention. The diverticulae are acquired, occurring more commonly after middle age, but their aetiology is unclear. We discuss this condition in the context of four cases which presented to our hospital as emergencies over a five year period: small bowel obstruction, gastrointestinal haemorrhage, small bowel volvulus, and visceral perforation. Our aim is to encourage clinicians to include jejunal diverticular disease as a differential diagnosis in patients with abdominal symptoms.},
}

@article {pmid37405108,
year = {2023},
author = {Stovall, SL and Kaplan, JA and Law, JK and Flum, DR and Simianu, VV},
title = {Diverticulitis is a population health problem: Lessons and gaps in strategies to implement and improve contemporary care.},
journal = {World journal of gastrointestinal surgery},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {1007-1019},
pmid = {37405108},
issn = {1948-9366},
abstract = {The disease burden of diverticulitis is high across inpatient and outpatient settings, and the prevalence of diverticulitis has increased. Historically, patients with acute diverticulitis were admitted routinely for intravenous antibiotics and many had urgent surgery with colostomy or elective surgery after only a few episodes. Several recent studies have challenged the standards of how acute and recurrent diverticulitis are managed, and many clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have pivoted to recommend outpatient management and individualized decisions about surgery. Yet the rates of diverticulitis hospitalizations and operations are increasing in the United States, suggesting there is a disconnect from or delay in adoption of CPGs across the spectrum of diverticular disease. In this review, we propose approaching diverticulitis care from a population level to understand the gaps between contemporary studies and real-world practice and suggest strategies to implement and improve future care.},
}

@article {pmid37385843,
year = {2023},
author = {Pellegrin, A and Sabbagh, C and Berdah, S and Menahem, B and Regimbeau, JM and Beyer-Berjot, L and Alves, A and , },
title = {Quality of life after sigmoid diverticulitis: A review.},
journal = {Journal of visceral surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2023.06.003},
pmid = {37385843},
issn = {1878-7886},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Diverticular disease, including diverticulitis, begins when the patient becomes symptomatic. Sigmoid diverticulitis corresponds to inflammation/infection of a diverticulum of the sigmoid colon. Among diverticulosis patients, 4.3% develop diverticulitis, a frequent pathology that can entail major functional disorders. Following sigmoid diverticulitis, few studies have assessed functional disorders and quality of life, a multidimensional concept comprising physical, psychological and mental dimensions, as well as social relations.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work is to report current published data on the quality of life of patients having had sigmoid diverticulitis.

RESULTS: Following uncomplicated sigmoid diverticulitis, long-term quality of life does not substantially differ between patients having undergone antibiotic therapy and those having only received symptomatic treatment. As for patients having experienced recurrent events, their quality of life seems improved by elective surgery. Following Hinchey I/II sigmoid diverticulitis, elective surgery seems to improve quality of life, notwithstanding a 10% risk of postoperative complications. Following sigmoid diverticulitis, while emergency surgery seems not to have greater impact on quality of life than elective surgery, the surgical technique employed in an emergency setting seems to have an impact, particularly with regard to the physical and mental components of quality of life.

CONCLUSION: Assessment of quality of life is of fundamental importance in diverticular disease and should orient operative indications, particularly in an elective context.},
}

@article {pmid37284204,
year = {2023},
author = {Yang, W and Yuan, T and Cai, Z and Ma, Q and Liu, X and Zhou, H and Qiu, S and Yang, L},
title = {Laparoscopic versus ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative pain management in minimally invasive colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis protocol.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1080327},
pmid = {37284204},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Transversus abdominis plane block (TAPB) is now commonly administered for postoperative pain control and reduced opioid consumption in patients undergoing major colorectal surgeries, such as colorectal cancer, diverticular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease resection. However, there remain several controversies about the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic TAPB compared to ultrasound-guided TAPB. Therefore, the aim of this study is to integrate both direct and indirect comparisons to identify a more effective and safer TAPB approach.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systematic electronic literature surveillance will be performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for eligible studies through July 31, 2023. The Cochrane Risk of Bias version 2 (RoB 2) and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools will be applied to scrutinize the methodological quality of the selected studies. The primary outcomes will include (1) opioid consumption at 24 hours postoperatively and (2) pain scores at 24 hours postoperatively both at rest and at coughing and movement according to the numerical rating scale (NRS). Additionally, the probability of TAPB-related adverse events, overall postoperative 30-day complications, postoperative 30-day ileus, postoperative 30-day surgical site infection, postoperative 7-day nausea and vomiting, and length of stay will be analyzed as secondary outcome measures. The findings will be assessed for robustness through subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. Data analyses will be performed using RevMan 5.4.1 and Stata 17.0. P value of less than 0.05 will be defined as statistically significant. The certainty of evidence will be examined via the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) working group approach.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Owing to the nature of the secondary analysis of existing data, no ethical approval will be required. Our meta-analysis will summarize all the available evidence for the effectiveness and safety of TAPB approaches for minimally invasive colorectal surgery. High-quality peer-reviewed publications and presentations at international conferences will facilitate disseminating the results of this study, which are expected to inform future clinical trials and help anesthesiologists and surgeons determine the optimal tailored clinical practice for perioperative pain management.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=281720, identifier (CRD42021281720).},
}

@article {pmid37272504,
year = {2023},
author = {Venezia, L and Buonocore, MR and Barbuscio, I and Bortoluzzi, F and Monica, F and Manfredi, G and Anderloni, A and Stasi, E and , },
title = {Choosing Wisely in Gastroenterology: five new recommendations from the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO).},
journal = {European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology},
volume = {35},
number = {7},
pages = {728-733},
doi = {10.1097/MEG.0000000000002573},
pmid = {37272504},
issn = {1473-5687},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastroenterology ; *Gastroenterologists ; *Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis/therapy ; Quality of Health Care ; Hospitals ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: 'Choosing Wisely' is an international campaign against inappropriateness in medical practices that aims to promote a rational and evidence-based use of resources. The Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO) joined the Campaign in 2017 releasing five recommendations.

AIMS: To identify five new recommendations for a correct, evidence-based approach to the management of gastrointestinal diseases.

METHODS: All AIGO members were asked to identify practices or interventions that, even though diffuse in clinical practice, do not provide benefit for patients. The proposed items were then revised, divided by topic and ranked. After a systematic review of the literature for each item, five new recommendations were identified.

RESULTS: The five recommendations are: do not request surveillance investigations for patients with pancreatic cysts who are poor surgical candidates, irrespective of cysts nature and characteristics; do not request esophagogastroduodenoscopy in patients with recent onset of upper gastrointestinal symptoms younger than 50 years, without alarm features; do not request surveillance colonoscopy for asymptomatic colonic diverticular disease without changes in symptoms; do not perform food intolerance tests except for those scientifically validated; do not prescribe proton pump inhibitors to patients with liver cirrhosis, outside of established indications.

CONCLUSION: The Choosing Wisely recommendations will reduce unnecessary testing and treatments, increasing patient safety and overall healthcare quality.},
}

Humans
*Gastroenterology
*Gastroenterologists
*Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis/therapy
Quality of Health Care
Hospitals

@article {pmid37263676,
year = {2023},
author = {Narayanaswamy, S and Goradia, R and Bhujbal, S and Patwardhan, S},
title = {Unique case of colovesical fistula in a renal allograft recipient.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {37263676},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects ; Kidney ; *Urinary Bladder Fistula/diagnostic imaging/etiology/surgery ; *Intestinal Fistula/diagnostic imaging/etiology/surgery ; *Diverticular Diseases/complications ; Allografts ; },
abstract = {Colovesical fistula is commonly suspected in cases of diverticular disease, malignancy, trauma, iatrogenic injury or radiotherapy. In a case of allogenic live related transplant, this is rarely expected, especially after 20 years. The presence of gas in the bladder in the absence of history of instrumentation of urinary tract should prompt us to evaluate for colovesical fistula. Pneumaturia, faecaluria and recurrent urinary tract infection are tell-tale features of colovesical fistula, and when patients who are renal allograft recipient present with them, it should prompt a proper workup and swift surgical management, since the outcome is uniformly favourable. From our knowledge in this realm, we know that these are immunocompromised patients and have a high tendency to develop risk factors like malignancy and/or diverticular disease and eventually form colovesical fistula. An expected time period could be from 2 months to 6 years. But in our case, fistula formation occurred long after peak corticosteroid action, in the absence of conventional aetiologies.},
}

Humans
*Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects
Kidney
*Urinary Bladder Fistula/diagnostic imaging/etiology/surgery
*Intestinal Fistula/diagnostic imaging/etiology/surgery
*Diverticular Diseases/complications
Allografts

@article {pmid37261576,
year = {2023},
author = {Lee, Y and McKechnie, T and Samarasinghe, Y and Eskicioglu, C and Kuhnen, AH and Hong, D},
title = {Primary anastomosis with diverting loop ileostomy versus Hartmann's procedure for acute complicated diverticulitis: analysis of the National Inpatient Sample 2015-2019.},
journal = {International journal of colorectal disease},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {156},
pmid = {37261576},
issn = {1432-1262},
mesh = {Humans ; Ileostomy/adverse effects/methods ; Inpatients ; *Diverticulitis/complications/surgery ; Rectum/surgery ; Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects/methods ; Colostomy/adverse effects ; *Diverticulitis, Colonic/complications/surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; *Intestinal Perforation/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Up to 50% of patients with acute complicated diverticulitis require operative management on their index admission. There is ongoing debate as to whether primary anastomosis with diverting ileostomy versus a Hartmann's procedure is the optimal surgical approach for these patients. This study aims to compare postoperative complications in patients undergoing either Hartmann's procedure or primary anastomosis and diverting ileostomy for perforated diverticulitis using recent National Inpatient Sample data.

METHODS: Patients who underwent either primary anastomosis with diverting ileostomy or Hartmann's procedure for acute complicated diverticulitis from the 2015 to 2019 NIS database sample were included. Primary outcomes were postoperative in-hospital mortality and morbidity. Secondary outcomes were postoperative cause-specific complications, total admission cost, and length of stay (LOS). Univariate and multivariate regression were utilized to compare the two operative approaches.

RESULTS: Overall, 642 patients underwent primary anastomosis with diverting ileostomy and 4,482 patients underwent Hartmann's procedure. There was no difference in in-hospital mortality (OR 0.93, 95%CI 0.45-1.92, p = 0.84) or in-hospital morbidity (OR 1.10, 95%CI 0.90-1.35, p = 0.33). Adjusted analysis suggested shorter postoperative LOS for patients undergoing Hartmann's procedure (MD 0.79 days, 95%CI 0.15-1.43 days, p = 0.013) and decreased total admission cost (MD $4,893.99, 95%CI $1,425.04-$8,362.94, p = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports that primary anastomosis with diverting ileostomy is safe for properly selected patients presenting with complicated diverticulitis. Primary anastomosis with diverting ileostomy is associated with greater total hospitalization costs and LOS.},
}

Humans
Ileostomy/adverse effects/methods
Inpatients
*Diverticulitis/complications/surgery
Rectum/surgery
Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects/methods
Colostomy/adverse effects
*Diverticulitis, Colonic/complications/surgery
Treatment Outcome
*Intestinal Perforation/etiology
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid37261498,
year = {2023},
author = {Waser, A and Balaphas, A and Uhe, I and Toso, C and Buchs, NC and Ris, F and Meyer, J},
title = {Incidence of diverticulitis recurrence after sigmoid colectomy: a retrospective cohort study from a tertiary center and systematic review.},
journal = {International journal of colorectal disease},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {157},
pmid = {37261498},
issn = {1432-1262},
mesh = {Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Female ; Incidence ; *Diverticulitis, Colonic/epidemiology/surgery/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Colectomy/adverse effects ; *Diverticulitis/epidemiology/surgery ; Colon, Sigmoid/surgery ; *Diverticular Diseases/surgery ; *Sigmoid Diseases/epidemiology/surgery ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Our aim was to determine the incidence of diverticulitis recurrence after sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease.

METHODS: Consecutive patients who benefited from sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease from January 2007 to June 2021 were identified based on operative codes. Recurrent episodes were identified based on hospitalization codes and reviewed. Survival analysis was performed and was reported using a Kaplan-Meier curve. Follow-up was censored for last hospital visit and diverticulitis recurrence. The systematic review of the literature was performed according to the PRISMA statement. Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science were searched for studies reporting on the incidence of diverticulitis after sigmoid colectomy. The review was registered into PROSPERO (CRD42021237003, 25/06/2021).

RESULTS: One thousand three-hundred and fifty-six patients benefited from sigmoid colectomy. Four hundred and three were excluded, leaving 953 patients for inclusion. The mean age at time of sigmoid colectomy was 64.0 + / - 14.7 years. Four hundred and fifty-eight patients (48.1%) were males. Six hundred and twenty-two sigmoid colectomies (65.3%) were performed in the elective setting and 331 (34.7%) as emergency surgery. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.8 + / - 4.1 years. During this period, 10 patients (1.1%) developed reccurent diverticulitis. Nine of these episodes were classified as Hinchey 1a, and one as Hinchey 1b. The incidence of diverticulitis recurrence (95% CI) was as follows: at 1 year: 0.37% (0.12-1.13%), at 5 years: 1.07% (0.50-2.28%), at 10 years: 2.14% (1.07-4.25%) and at 15 years: 2.14% (1.07-4.25%). Risk factors for recurrence could not be assessed by logistic regression due to the low number of incidental cases. The systematic review of the literature identified 15 observational studies reporting on the incidence of diverticulitis recurrence after sigmoid colectomy, which ranged from 0 to 15% for a follow-up period ranging between 2 months and over 10 years.

CONCLUSION: The incidence of diverticulitis recurrence after sigmoid colectomy is of 2.14% at 15 years, and is mostly composed of Hinchey 1a episodes. The incidences reported in the literature are heterogeneous.},
}

Male
Humans
Middle Aged
Aged
Female
Incidence
*Diverticulitis, Colonic/epidemiology/surgery/etiology
Retrospective Studies
Colectomy/adverse effects
*Diverticulitis/epidemiology/surgery
Colon, Sigmoid/surgery
*Diverticular Diseases/surgery
*Sigmoid Diseases/epidemiology/surgery

@article {pmid37249187,
year = {2023},
author = {Horesh, N and Emile, SH and Khan, SM and Freund, MR and Garoufalia, Z and Silva-Alvarenga, E and Gefen, R and Wexner, SD},
title = {Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials on Long-Term Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Perforated Diverticulitis.},
journal = {Annals of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/SLA.0000000000005909},
pmid = {37249187},
issn = {1528-1140},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Assess long-term outcomes of patients with perforated diverticulitis treated with resection or laparoscopic lavage (LL).

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Surgical treatment of perforated diverticulitis changed in the last few decades. LL and increasing evidence that primary anastomosis (PRA) is feasible in certain patients have broadened surgical options. However, debate for the optimal surgical strategy lingers.

METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for randomized clinical trials (RCT) on surgical treatment of perforated diverticulitis from inception to October 2022. Long-term reports of RCT comparing surgical interventions for treatment of perforated diverticulitis were selected. Main outcomes measures were long-term ostomy, long term complications, recurrence, and re-intervention rates.

RESULTS: After screening 2431 studies, 5 long-term follow-up studies of RCT comprising 499 patients were included. Three studies, excluding patients with fecal peritonitis, compared LL and colonic resection, two compared PRA and Hartmann's procedure. LL had lower odds of long-term ostomy (OR= 0.133, 95%CI: 0.278- 0.579;P<0.001) and re-operation (OR= 0.585, 95%CI: 0.365- 0.937;P=0.02) compared to colonic resection but higher odds of diverticular disease recurrence (OR= 5.8, 95%CI: 2.33- 14.42;P<0.001). Colonic resection with PRA had lower odds of long-term ostomy (OR= 0.02, 95%CI: 0.003-0.195;P<0.001), long-term complications (OR= 0.195, 95%CI: 0.113-0.335;P<0.001), reoperation (OR= 0.2, 95%CI: 0.108- 0.384;P<0.001) and incisional hernia (OR= 0.184, 95%CI: 0.102-0.333;P<0.001). There was no significant difference in odds of mortality among the procedures.

CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up of patients who underwent emergency surgery for perforated diverticulitis showed that LL had lower odds of long-term ostomy and re-operation, but more risk for disease recurrence when compared to resection in purulent peritonitis. Colonic resection with PRA had better long-term outcomes than Hartmann's procedure for fecal peritonitis.},
}

@article {pmid37247120,
year = {2023},
author = {Solaini, L and Giuliani, G and Cavaliere, D and Bocchino, A and Di Marino, M and Avanzolini, A and Coratti, A and Ercolani, G},
title = {Robotic versus laparoscopic left colectomy: a propensity score matched analysis from a bi-centric experience.},
journal = {Journal of robotic surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37247120},
issn = {1863-2491},
abstract = {The advantages of using the robotic platform may not be clearly evident in left colectomies, where the surgeon operates in an "open field" and does not routinely require intraoperative suturing. Current evidences are based on limited cohorts reporting conflicting outcomes regarding robotic left colectomies (RLC). The aim of this study is to report a bi-centric experience with robotic left colectomy in order to help in defining the role of the robotic approach for these procedures. This is a bi-centric propensity score matched study including patients who underwent RLC or laparoscopic left colectomy (LLC) between January 1, 2012 and May 1, 2022. RLC patients were matched to LLC patients in a 1:1 ratio. Main outcomes were conversion to open surgery and 30-day morbidity. In total, 300 patients were included. Of 143 (47.7%) RLC patients, 119 could be matched. After matching, conversion rate (4.2 vs. 7.6%, p = 0.265), 30-day morbidity (16.1 vs. 13.7%, p = 0.736), Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3 complications (2.4 vs 3.2%, p = 0.572), transfusions (0.8 vs. 4.0%, p = 0.219), and 30-day mortality (0.8 vs 0.8%, p = 1.000) were comparable for RLC and LLC, respectively. Median operative time was longer for RLC (296 min 260-340 vs. 245, 195-296, p < 0.0001). Early oral feeding, time to first flatus, and hospital stay were similar between groups. RLC has safety parameters as well as conversion to open surgery comparable with standard laparoscopy. Operative time is longer with the robotic approach.},
}

@article {pmid37243442,
year = {2023},
author = {Marasco, G and Buttitta, F and Cremon, C and Barbaro, MR and Stanghellini, V and Barbara, G},
title = {The role of microbiota and its modulation in colonic diverticular disease.},
journal = {Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e14615},
doi = {10.1111/nmo.14615},
pmid = {37243442},
issn = {1365-2982},
support = {//Fondazione Carisbo/ ; //Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna/ ; //Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; //Italian Ministry of Health/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diverticular disease (DD) is a common condition in Western countries. The role of microbiota in the pathogenesis of DD and its related symptoms has been frequently postulated since most complications of this disease are bacteria-driven and most therapies rely on microbiota modulation. Preliminary data showed fecal microbial imbalance in patients with DD, particularly when symptomatic, with an increase of pro-inflammatory and potentially pathogenetic bacteria. In addition, bacterial metabolic markers can mirror specific pathways of the disease and may be even used for monitoring treatment effects. All treatments currently suggested for DD can affect microbiota structure and metabolome compositions.

PURPOSE: Sparse evidence is available linking gut microbiota perturbations, diverticular disease pathophysiology, and symptom development. We aimed to summarize the available knowledge on gut microbiota evaluation in diverticular disease, with a focus on symptomatic uncomplicated DD, and the relative treatment strategies.},
}

@article {pmid37239668,
year = {2023},
author = {Mateescu, T and Miutescu, B and Nicola, A and Oancea, C and Barata, PI and Tarta, C and Fulger, L and Paleru, C},
title = {Health-Related Quality of Life and Stress-Related Disorders in Patients with Complicated Diverticular Disease under Conservative Management.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {10},
pages = {},
pmid = {37239668},
issn = {2227-9032},
abstract = {Diverticular disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder with increasing prevalence in advanced age. This study aimed to investigate the impact of age and complexity of diverticulitis on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and stress-related disorders. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 180 patients, including adults (18-64 years) with complicated diverticular disease, the elderly (≥65 years) with complicated diverticular disease, and a control group with uncomplicated symptomatic diverticular disease. HRQoL and stress-related disorders were assessed using the SF-36, GIQLI, HADS, and PHQ-9 questionnaires at baseline and six months after the initial episode of diverticulitis. At diagnosis, the adult group had significantly lower mean physical and mental scores compared with the elderly and control groups (p < 0.001). At the 6-month follow-up, the mean physical score increased for all groups, but the difference between adults and the elderly remained significant (p = 0.028). The adult group had a significantly lower mean GIQLI score at diagnosis compared with the elderly and control groups (p < 0.001), although after 6 months it increased and the difference became insignificant. Anxiety scores at diagnosis were significantly higher in the adult group compared with the control group (p = 0.009). The complexity of diverticulitis and age significantly impacted HRQoL at diagnosis, with adults having lower physical and mental scores compared with elderly patients and controls. Although improvements were observed after 6 months, the difference between adults and the elderly remained significant for physical HRQoL scores. This highlights the need for tailored management strategies and psychosocial support to optimize patient outcomes across age groups and diverticulitis complexity.},
}

@article {pmid37220595,
year = {2023},
author = {Molina, GA and Ojeda, RH and Jimenez, G and Heredia, A and Cadena, CA and Martic, D},
title = {Small bowel volvulus due to jejunal diverticula: a rare case of acute abdomen.},
journal = {Journal of surgical case reports},
volume = {2023},
number = {5},
pages = {rjad249},
pmid = {37220595},
issn = {2042-8812},
abstract = {Jejunal diverticula are rare, and small bowel diverticular disease resulting in volvulus can lead to severe complications; as symptoms are non-specific, many patients are misdiagnosed and treated wrongly for other conditions. When a small bowel volvulus is detected, urgent surgical treatment is needed to avoid troublesome difficulties. We present the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented to the emergency room with an acute abdomen due to small bowel obstruction. After further testing, a volvulus was detected and promptly treated. Jejunal diverticula that caused a small bowel volvulus was the final diagnosis.},
}