@article {pmid39039300,
year = {2024},
author = {Simonetti, S and Lanciotti, S and Carlomagno, D and De Cristofaro, F and Galardo, G and Cirillo, B and Fiore, F and Bonito, G and Severi, C and Ricci, P and , },
title = {Acute diverticulitis: beyond the diagnosis: predictive role of CT in assessing risk of recurrence and clinical implications in non-operative management of acute diverticulitis.},
journal = {La Radiologia medica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39039300},
issn = {1826-6983},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to identify CT findings that are predictive of recurrence of acute uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis, to better risk-stratify these patients for whom guidelines recommend a conservative outpatient treatment and to determine the appropriate management with an improvement of health costs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over the past year, 33 patients enrolled in an outpatient integrated care pathway (PDTA) for uncomplicated acute diverticulitis with 1-year follow-up period, without recurrence, and 33 patients referred to Emergency Department for a recurrent acute diverticulitis were included. Images of admission CT were reviewed by two radiologists and the imaging features were analyzed and compared with Chi-square and Student t tests. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were employed to identify parameters that significantly predicted recurrence in 1-year follow-up period and establish cutoff and recurrence-free rates. The maximally selected rank statistics (MSRS) were used to identify the optimal wall thickening cutoff for the prediction of recurrence.

RESULTS: Patients with recurrence showed a greater mean parietal thickness compared to the group without recurrence (16 mm vs. 11.5 mm; HR 1.25, p < 0.001) and more evidence of grade 4 of peridiverticular inflammation (40% vs. 12%, p = 0.009, HR 3.44). 12-month recurrence-free rates progressively decrease with increasing thickness and inflammation. In multivariate analysis, only parietal thickness maintained its predictive power with an optimal cutpoint > 15 mm that causes a sixfold increased risk of recurrence (HR 6.22; 95% CI, 3.05-12.67; p < 0.001). Beyond thickness and peridiverticular inflammation, predictive value of early recurrence within 90 days from the 1st episode resulted also an Hinchey Ib on admission CT.

CONCLUSIONS: The maximum wall thickening and the grade of peridiverticular inflammation can be considered as predictive factors of recurrence and may be helpful in selecting patients for a tailored treatment to prevent the risk of recurrence.},
}

@article {pmid39004551,
year = {2024},
author = {Carabotti, M and Sgamato, C and Amato, A and Beltrame, B and Binda, GA and Germanà, B and Leandro, G and Pasquale, L and Peralta, S and Viggiani, MT and Severi, C and Annibale, B and Cuomo, R},
title = {Italian guidelines for the diagnosis and management of colonic diverticulosis and diverticular disease.},
journal = {Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.dld.2024.06.031},
pmid = {39004551},
issn = {1878-3562},
abstract = {Colonic diverticulosis and diverticular disease are among the most common gastrointestinal disorders encountered in clinical practice. These Italian guidelines focus on the diagnosis and management of diverticulosis and diverticular disease in the adult population, providing practical and evidence-based recommendations for clinicians. Experts from five Italian scientific societies, constituting a multidisciplinary panel, conducted a comprehensive review of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomised controlled trials, and observational studies to formulate 14 PICO questions. The assessment of the quality of the evidence and the formulation of the recommendations were carried out using an adaptation of the GRADE methodology. The guidelines covered the following topics: i) Management of diverticulosis; ii) Symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease: diagnosis and treatment; iii) Acute diverticulitis: diagnosis and treatment; iv) Management of diverticular disease complications; v) Prevention of recurrent acute diverticulitis; vi) Interventional management of diverticular disease.},
}

@article {pmid38988424,
year = {2024},
author = {Irowa, OO and Agbonrofo, PI and Odigie, VI},
title = {Colonoscopy findings in patients with haematochezia in Benin (South-South Nigeria): A 9-year prospective study.},
journal = {Journal of the West African College of Surgeons},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {275-279},
pmid = {38988424},
issn = {2992-5827},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy is an important armamentarium in the investigation of haematochezia. Patients with haematochezia are very anxious about the presence of blood in their faeces. They are usually referred for diagnostic colonoscopy based on the presence of blood in stool or anaemia.

AIMS/OBJECTIVES: To highlight the causes of haematochezia in patients over a 9-year prospective period in the Premier tertiary health centre in the South-South zone of Nigeria.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: All Consecutive patients seen in our surgical services (June 1, 2009, to May 30, 2018) requiring colonoscopy for haematochezia were entered into a proforma. The demographics, findings at colonoscopy, and outcome of colonoscopy were analysed.

RESULTS: Three hundred and sixty-five colonoscopies were done during the study period; of these, 44% (160 patients) had a colonoscopy for haematochezia. Mean age of patients was 54.7 years. Age range was 16-86 years. Cluster age group was fifth to seventh decade (62.5%). The male-to-female ratio was 2:1. Causes of haematochezia were Haemorrhoids 32.5%, large bowel cancer 23.8%, diverticular disease 10%, inflammatory disease of the bowel 6.3%, polyps 3.8%. About 15% of the patients had more than one colonic site of bleeding. The most common subsites for colon cancer were rectum and sigmoid colon (79.6%), in 11 patients (6.8%) was the tumour within reach of the examining finger. Repeat colonoscopy occurred in 3 patients (0.8%). The most common complication of colonoscopy was bleeding (0.8%). Two patients (0.5%) had colonic perforation.

CONCLUSION: Forty-four percent (44%) of colonoscopy in Benin, South-South Nigeria has haematochezia as its indication. The cluster age group is the fifth to seventh decade. One in four patients had colon cancer and in 6.8% the tumour was within reach of the examining finger. It is the authors' opinion that colonoscopy should be routinely done in patients with haematochezia in South-South Nigeria.},
}

@article {pmid38978934,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, S and Flynn, R and Tessema, TT},
title = {Acute Primary Small Bowel Volvulus in a Male With Loeys-Dietz Syndrome.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {e61956},
pmid = {38978934},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a connective tissue disorder with features including, but not limited to, aortic dissections, skeletal abnormalities, and craniofacial defects. However, considering its relatively recent discovery, there are still many unknowns about LDS. The extent of a connective tissue disorder like LDS is yet to be defined throughout the various organ systems, including the gastrointestinal system. Connective tissue disorders have been found to have higher associations with certain conditions, like constipation. In a similar manner, LDS may increase the propensity for developing uncommon gastrointestinal manifestations, like primary small bowel volvulus. A volvulus is defined as an abnormal rotation of the small bowel segment along the axis of its mesentery. Primary small bowel volvulus is differentiated from secondary small bowel volvulus by its nature of origin: primary small bowel volvulus occurs as an independent spontaneous occurrence, whereas secondary small bowel volvulus is secondary to the presence of adhesions, diverticular disease, or abdominal masses. In this case report, we highlight a potential gastrointestinal manifestation of LDS with the occurrence of a primary small bowel volvulus in a young adult male diagnosed with LDS. The patient experienced acute primary small bowel volvulus 14 days into his stay, which may have been influenced by this newfound connective tissue disorder.},
}

@article {pmid38976060,
year = {2024},
author = {Brière, R and Simard, AJ and Rouleau-Fournier, F and Letarte, F and Bouchard, P and Drolet, S},
title = {Retrospective study on the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic surgery for complicated fistulizing diverticular disease in a high-volume colorectal center.},
journal = {Langenbeck's archives of surgery},
volume = {409},
number = {1},
pages = {208},
pmid = {38976060},
issn = {1435-2451},
mesh = {Humans ; *Laparoscopy ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; *Feasibility Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; *Intestinal Fistula/surgery/etiology/mortality ; *Postoperative Complications/etiology/epidemiology ; Hospitals, High-Volume ; Adult ; Colectomy/methods/adverse effects ; Conversion to Open Surgery ; Diverticulitis, Colonic/surgery/complications/mortality ; Treatment Outcome ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We assessed feasibility and safety of laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for complicated fistulizing diverticular disease in a tertiary care colorectal center.

METHODS: A single-center retrospective study of patients undergoing sigmoidectomy for fistulizing diverticular disease between 2011 and 2021 was realized. Primary outcomes were rates of conversion to open surgery and severe postoperative morbidity at 30 days. Secondary outcomes included rates of postoperative bladder leaks on cystogram.

RESULTS: Among the 104 patients, 32.7% had previous laparotomy. Laparoscopy was the initial approach in 103 (99.0%), with 6 (5.8%) conversions to laparotomy. Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III complication rate at 30 days was 10.6%, including two (1.9%) anastomotic leaks. The median postoperative length of stay was 4.0 days. Seven (6.7%) patients underwent reoperation, six (5.8%) were readmitted, and one (0.9%) died within 30 days. Twelve (11.5%) ileostomies were created initially, and two (1.9%) were created following anastomotic leaks. At last follow-up, 101 (97.1%) patients were stoma-free. Urgent surgeries had a higher rate of severe postoperative complications. Among colovesical fistula patients (n = 73), postoperative cystograms were performed in 56.2%, identifying two out of the three bladder leaks detected on closed suction drains. No differences in postoperative outcomes occurred between groups with and without postoperative cystograms, including Foley catheter removal within seven days (73.2% vs. 90.6%, p = 0.08).

CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery for complicated fistulizing diverticulitis showed low rates of severe complications, conversions to open surgery and permanent stomas in high-volume colorectal center.},
}

Humans
*Laparoscopy
Male
Retrospective Studies
Female
*Feasibility Studies
Middle Aged
Aged
*Intestinal Fistula/surgery/etiology/mortality
*Postoperative Complications/etiology/epidemiology
Hospitals, High-Volume
Adult
Colectomy/methods/adverse effects
Conversion to Open Surgery
Diverticulitis, Colonic/surgery/complications/mortality
Treatment Outcome
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid38952045,
year = {2024},
author = {Forbes, N and Yi, Q and Moayyedi, P and Bosch, J and Bhatt, DL and Fox, KAA and Eikelboom, JW},
title = {Incidence and predictors of major gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on aspirin, low-dose rivaroxaban, or the combination: Secondary analysis of the COMPASS randomised controlled trial.},
journal = {Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/apt.18139},
pmid = {38952045},
issn = {1365-2036},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The incidence of major gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in patients on low-dose direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is relatively unknown. Estimates from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are lacking.

AIMS: To assess GIB incidence and predictors from RCT data of patients on aspirin, low-dose rivaroxaban, or both.

METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of RCT data wherein patients received aspirin 100 mg daily and rivaroxaban 2.5 mg b.d., aspirin alone, or rivaroxaban 5 mg b.d. Patients were followed from 2013 to 2016 at 602 centres. Outcomes included overall, upper, and lower GIB. We employed multivariable logistic regression to yield odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for potential exposures.

RESULTS: Among 27,395 patients, the annual incidence of GIB on rivaroxaban 2.5 mg b.d. with aspirin was 801.7 per 100,000 compared with 372.3 in 100,000 for aspirin. Age (OR 4.16, 2.53-6.82 for ≥75 vs. 55-64), peptic ulcer disease (PUD, OR 1.57, 1.01-2.44), liver disease (OR 2.09, 1.01-4.33), hypertension (OR 1.42, 1.04-1.94), and smoking (OR 1.85, 1.26-2.73) were associated with overall GIB. Kidney disease (OR 1.68, 1.12-2.51) was significantly associated with upper GIB, whereas diverticular disease (OR 3.75, 1.88-7.49) was associated with lower GIB. Addition of rivaroxaban to aspirin was associated more with lower GIB (OR 2.82, 1.64-4.84) than upper GIB (OR 1.86, 1.18-2.92).

CONCLUSIONS: We established incidences and identified risk factors for GIB in users of low-dose DOACs. Novel risk factors included current or former smoking and diverticulosis. Future studies should aim to validate these risk factors.},
}

@article {pmid38935194,
year = {2024},
author = {Presl, J and Ehgartner, M and Schabl, L and Singhartinger, F and Gantschnigg, A and Wallner, E and Jäger, T and Emmanuel, K and Kessler, H and Koch, OO},
title = {Robotic surgery versus conventional laparoscopy in sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease-a comparison of operative trauma and cost-effectiveness: retrospective, single-center analysis.},
journal = {Langenbeck's archives of surgery},
volume = {409},
number = {1},
pages = {200},
pmid = {38935194},
issn = {1435-2451},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; *Robotic Surgical Procedures/economics ; *Laparoscopy/economics/methods ; *Colectomy/economics/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; *Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Aged ; Adult ; Sigmoid Diseases/surgery/economics ; Colon, Sigmoid/surgery ; Diverticulitis, Colonic/surgery/economics ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Robotic assisted surgery is an alternative, fast evolving technique for performing colorectal surgery. The primary aim of this single center analysis is to compare elective laparoscopic and robotic sigmoid colectomies for diverticular disease on the extent of operative trauma and the costs.

METHODS: Retrospective analysis from our prospective clinical database to identify all consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years who underwent elective minimally invasive left sided colectomy for diverticular disease from January 2016 until December 2020 at our tertiary referral institution.

RESULTS: In total, 83 patients (31 female and 52 male) with sigmoid diverticulitis underwent elective minimally invasive sigmoid colectomy, of which 42 underwent conventional laparoscopic surgery (LS) and 41 robotic assisted surgery (RS). The mean C-reactive protein difference between the preoperative and postoperative value was significantly lower in the robotic assisted group (4,03 mg/dL) than in the laparoscopic group (7.32 mg/dL) (p = 0.030). Similarly, the robotic´s hemoglobin difference was significantly lower (p = 0.039). The first postoperative bowel movement in the LS group occurred after a mean of 2.19 days, later than after a mean of 1.63 days in the RS group (p = 0.011). An overview of overall charge revealed significantly lower total costs per operation and postoperative hospital stay for the robotic approach, 6058 € vs. 6142 € (p = 0,014) not including the acquisition and maintenance costs for both systems.

CONCLUSION: Robotic colon resection for diverticular disease is cost-effective and delivers reduced intraoperative trauma with significantly lower postoperative C-reactive protein and hemoglobin drift compared to conventional laparoscopy.},
}

Humans
Male
Female
*Robotic Surgical Procedures/economics
*Laparoscopy/economics/methods
*Colectomy/economics/methods
Retrospective Studies
Middle Aged
*Cost-Benefit Analysis
Aged
Adult
Sigmoid Diseases/surgery/economics
Colon, Sigmoid/surgery
Diverticulitis, Colonic/surgery/economics

@article {pmid38924329,
year = {2024},
author = {Pallotta, L and Pisano, A and Vona, R and Cappelletti, M and Pignataro, MG and Tattoli, I and Maselli, MA and Tarallo, M and Casella, G and Caronna, R and Tancredi, A and Scotti, GB and Scalese, G and Matarrese, P and Giordano, C and Severi, C},
title = {From diverticulosis to complicated diverticular disease: Progression of myogenic alterations and oxidative imbalance.},
journal = {Neurogastroenterology and motility},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e14850},
doi = {10.1111/nmo.14850},
pmid = {38924329},
issn = {1365-2982},
support = {000106_22_RS__SEVER PROGETTI ATENEO MEDI 2021//Sapienza University of Rome/ ; RM122181620497CF PROGETTI ATENEO MEDI 2022//Sapienza University of Rome/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The natural history and pathophysiology of diverticular disease (DD) are still uncertain. An ex-vivo human complicated DD (cDD) model has recently shown a predominant transmural oxidative imbalance. The present study aims to evaluate whether the previously described alterations may precede the symptomatic form of the disease.

METHODS: Colonic surgical samples obtained from patients with asymptomatic diverticulosis (DIV), complicated DD, and controls were systematically and detailed morphologically and molecularly analyzed. Therefore, histologic, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical evaluation, and gene and protein expression analysis were performed to characterize colonic muscle changes and evaluate chronic inflammation, oxidative imbalance, and hypoxia. Functional muscle activity was tested on strips and isolated cells in response to contractile and relaxant agents.

KEY RESULTS: Compared with controls, DD showed a marketed increase in muscle layer thickness, smooth muscle cell syncytium disarray, and increased interstitial fibrosis; moreover, the observed features were more evident in the cDD group. These changes mainly affected longitudinal muscle and were associated with altered contraction-relaxation dynamics and fibrogenic switch of smooth muscle cells. Chronic lymphoplasmacytic inflammation was primarily evident in the mucosa and spared the muscle. A transmural increase in carbonylated and nitrated proteins, with loss of antioxidant molecules, characterized both stages of DD, suggesting early oxidative stress probably triggered by recurrent ischemic events, more pronounced in cDD, where HIF-1 was detected in both muscle and mucosa.

CONCLUSION & INFERENCES: The different DD clinical scenarios are part of a progressive process, with oxidative imbalance representing a new target in the management of DD.},
}

@article {pmid38911441,
year = {2024},
author = {Kent, KG},
title = {The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and gastrointestinal disease in United States Military Veterans.},
journal = {SAGE open medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {20503121241260000},
pmid = {38911441},
issn = {2050-3121},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study examined the relationship between gastrointestinal disease and post-traumatic stress disorder in U.S. military Veterans. Based on literature and clinical practice data sources from the U.S. Veterans Administration, gastrointestinal disease and post-traumatic stress disorder were hypothesized to be positively correlated in Veterans.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the frequency with which gastrointestinal disease and post-traumatic stress disorder are diagnosed comorbidities, a diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease accompanies a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder, and a diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder accompanies a diagnosis of a gastrointestinal disease.

METHODS: The methodology was a retrospective, correlational design using data collected from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs patient database.

RESULTS: The results were that post-traumatic stress disorder is bi-directionally correlated with the gastrointestinal diseases of gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, functional dyspepsia, Crohn's disease, diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and the symptoms of constipation and nausea/vomiting within Veterans who served during wartime periods. The study also found that post-traumatic stress disorder is not correlated with ulcerative colitis in Veterans.

CONCLUSIONS: The conclusions are that clinicians who see a presentation of post-traumatic stress disorder should be screening for gastrointestinal disease, while primary care and gastroenterology providers treating gastrointestinal disease should be screening for a history of trauma, as improved diagnosis rates may lead to improved treatment.},
}

@article {pmid38898867,
year = {2024},
author = {Bachelani, AM},
title = {Natural history and surgical treatment of a giant colonic diverticulum: A case report.},
journal = {World journal of clinical cases},
volume = {12},
number = {17},
pages = {3151-3155},
pmid = {38898867},
issn = {2307-8960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: While diverticular disease is prevalent in the West, the formation of giant colonic diverticula is rare. To date, approximately 200 cases have been reported, with only a handful treated surgically using a minimally invasive approach. Furthermore, the natural history of giant colonic diverticula is not well documented.

CASE SUMMARY: This report describes the case of a 66-year-old man who developed a giant colonic diverticulum with primary symptoms including dull and chronic pain in the right lower quadrant at presentation. The patient had undergone several computed tomography scans of the abdomen and pelvis over the previous two years, through which the natural history of this rare entity could be retrospectively observed. The patient was successfully treated with a robot-assisted sigmoid colectomy and had an uneventful recovery with resolution of symptoms during the follow-up.

CONCLUSION: This rare case demonstrates the natural history of giant colonic diverticulum formation and supports the feasibility of robot-assisted surgery.},
}

@article {pmid38874611,
year = {2024},
author = {McKechnie, T and Jessani, G and Bakir, N and Lee, Y and Sne, N and Doumouras, A and Hong, D and Eskicioglu, C},
title = {Evaluating frailty using the modified frailty index for colonic diverticular disease surgery: analysis of the national inpatient sample 2015-2019.},
journal = {Surgical endoscopy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38874611},
issn = {1432-2218},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Frailty has been associated with increased postoperative mortality and morbidity; however, the use of the modified frailty index (mFI-11) to assess patients undergoing surgery for diverticular disease has not been widely assessed. This paper aims to examine frailty, evaluated by mFI-11, to assess postoperative morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing operative intervention for colonic diverticular disease.

METHODS: We used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample (October 1, 2015-December 31, 2019). ICD-10-CM codes were utilized to identify a cohort of adult patients with a primary admission diagnosis of diverticulitis. mFI-11 items were adapted to correspond with ICD-10-CM codes. Patients were stratified into robust (mFI < 0.27) and frail (mFI ≥ 0.27) groups. Primary outcomes were in-hospital postoperative morbidity and mortality. Secondary outcomes included system-specific postoperative complications, length of stay (LOS), total admission cost, and discharge disposition. Multivariable regression models were fit.

RESULTS: Of the 26,826 patients, there were 24,194 patients with mFI-11 < 0.27 (i.e., robust) and 2,632 patients with mFI-11 ≥ 0.27 (i.e., frail). Adjusted analysis showed significant increases in postoperative mortality (aOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.38-3.38, p = 0.001) and overall postoperative morbidity (aOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.65-2.06, p < 0.001). LOS was higher in the frail group (MD 1.78 days, 95% CI 1.46-2.11, p < 0.001) as well as total cost (MD $25,495.19, 95% CI $19,851.63-$31,138.75, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: In the elective setting, a high mFI-11 (i.e., presence of the variables comprising the index) could alert clinicians to the possibility of implementing preoperative optimization strategies. In the emergent setting, a high mFI-11 may help guide prognostication for these vulnerable patients.},
}

@article {pmid38873987,
year = {2024},
author = {Hokama, A and Iraha, A and Yamamoto, K},
title = {Reply to the comments on "Coffee bean sign, steel pan sign and whirl sign in sigmoid volvulus".},
journal = {Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.17235/reed.2024.10571/2024},
pmid = {38873987},
issn = {1130-0108},
abstract = {We thank Prof. Atamanalp and colleagues for their interest and valuable comments on our article. The authors have highlighted important considerations in the diagnosis of sigmoid volvulus (SV). We would like to respond to their comments. Firstly, although we agree with their opinion that CT, MRI, and endoscopy are more reliable diagnostic tools than plain radiography, we still emphasize that diagnostic imaging for SV is initially based on plain radiography, as recommended by the WSES consensus guidelines. Since SV is the third most common cause of colonic obstruction worldwide, the accessibility of plain radiography is crucial. Among the many plain radiographic signs of SV, Levsky et al. reported that the most sensitive signs were absence of rectal gas, followed by inverted-U appearance and coffee bean sign. Understanding these signs may lead to early detection of SV and further CT evaluation for ischemia or perforation. Despite the high value of plain radiography, there is a global tend to use CT instead from the outset. Secondly, we agree with their opinion that endoscopy is not only a therapeutic, but also a diagnostic procedure to assess mucosal viability. In addition, we believe that endoscopy is also useful in ruling out other obstructive lesions, including colorectal neoplasia and complicated sigmoid diverticular disease. In the clinical setting, endoscopy is performed after the diagnosis of SV by plain radiography or CT and serves as the first line of decompression of SV when ischemia or perforation is not suspected. Finally, we congratulate Prof. Atamanalp and colleagues for their dedicated contribution to the large-scale SV studies in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, where SV is endemic.},
}

@article {pmid38864053,
year = {2024},
author = {Taha, M and Fakieh, AT and Alhazmi, AM and Khiami, AJ and Alasmari, EA and Alharbi, SS and Almajnoni, MH},
title = {The Assessment of Knowledge, Awareness and Practice Regarding Diverticulitis and Its Risk Factors Among the Population of Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {e60124},
pmid = {38864053},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background The term "diverticula" refers to the existence of diverticula in the gastrointestinal tract but is mainly located in the sigmoid colon and is used to describe colonic diverticulosis. Diverticula, which are sac-like protrusions in the wall of the large bowel, are becoming more prevalent globally, in both developed and developing nations. This increase in occurrence is primarily attributed to changes in dietary and lifestyle patterns. Raising public awareness can potentially contribute to a decrease in the incidence of the disease and its associated complications. Aim This study aims to assess knowledge and awareness levels among the Saudi Arabian population regarding diverticulitis and its risk factors. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia between 1st January 2024 to 1st April 2024 using an online questionnaire for data collection. The target population consists of individuals who are between 18 years and 45, in Saudi Arabia without a history of diverticulitis. The study questionnaire covered participants' demographic (Western, Central, Southern, Eastern, Northern) regions, knowledge, awareness and practice of diverticulitis. Results A total of 548 eligible participants completed the study questionnaire, most of them (80.3%; 395) were from the Western region including Mecca, Medina and Jeddah. Participants' ages ranged from 18 to more than 40 years with a mean age of 30.5 ± 11.9 years old. A greater percentage (72.3%) of the participants were males compared to the percentage of females, which was 27.7%. The vast majority of the study participants had an inadequate knowledge level about diverticulitis (85.9%; 471) while only 31 (5.7%) had adequate knowledge and awareness about the disease. The most reported sources of information included study courses (6.4%), media (5.3%), and physicians (4.7%) while most respondents (83.6%) had no source. Conclusion In conclusion, aside from preventive strategies, the current study found that the public knew very little about diverticulitis, including its risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnostic process. The two significant predictors of public awareness level were age and doctors as information sources.},
}

@article {pmid38850356,
year = {2024},
author = {Gatta, L and Bellini, M and Scarpignato, C and Marrocco, W and Chiriatti, A and Grosso, A and Lambiase, C and Usai-Satta, P and Vassallo, R and Bartoletti, P and Monica, F and Manta, R and Scotti, S and Soncini, M and , },
title = {Rifaximin in diverticulosis and diverticular disease: a national survey among Italian gastroenterologists and general practitioners.},
journal = {Internal and emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38850356},
issn = {1970-9366},
abstract = {The management of patients with diverticular disease remains challenging. The aim of this national survey was to assess how gastroenterologists and general practitioners use rifaximin to manage diverticulosis and diverticular disease. Members of the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO) and the Italian Federation of General Practitioners (FIMMG) were invited to complete a 39-item online survey concerning the use of rifaximin in five clinical settings: (1) diverticulosis; (2) reducing symptoms in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease; (3) reducing the occurrence of diverticulitis in patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (primary prevention); (4) reducing the recurrence of diverticulitis in patients with previous attacks of diverticulitis (secondary prevention); (5) treatment of uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. A total of 1094 physicians completed the survey. Overall, 25.1%, 83.5%, 68%, 74.2%, and 63% of physicians prescribed rifaximin for the clinical settings 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. In each clinical setting, the dosage of rifaximin most frequently used was 800 mg/day, the most common duration of therapy was 7 days, and the cyclic administration of treatment (expressed in months) most frequently used was > 24 months. These results highlight that a reappraisal of the use of rifaximin in patients with diverticulosis and diverticular disease is required to reduce the gap between the evidence available and the daily clinical practice, optimizing also the use of healthcare resources.},
}

@article {pmid38844410,
year = {2024},
author = {Morini, A and Zizzo, M and Tumiati, D and Mereu, F and Bernini, D and Fabozzi, M},
title = {Nonoperative management of acute complicated diverticulitis with pericolic and/or distant extraluminal air: A systematic review.},
journal = {World journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/wjs.12244},
pmid = {38844410},
issn = {1432-2323},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Colonic Diverticular Disease (CDD) is a multifactorial inflammatory disease. Acute diverticulitis (AD), with extraluminal free air (both pericolic and distant), represents about 15% of radiological scenarios and remains a therapeutic challenge for surgeons. Currently, the WSES guidelines suggest trying a conservative strategy both in the presence of pericolic and distant free extraluminal air, even if both have respectively weak recommendation based on low/very low-quality evidence.

METHODS: We performed a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyzes guidelines. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were used to identify articles of interest.

RESULTS: A total of 2380 patients with AD and extraluminal free air (both pericolic and distant) who underwent nonoperative management (NOM) were analyzed. Of the 2380 patients, 2095(88%) were successfully treated with NOM, while 285 (12%) patients failed. A total of 1574 (93.1%) patients with pericolic extraluminal free air had a successful NOM with 6.9% (117) failure rates, while 135 (71.1%) patients with distant extraluminal free air had a successful NOM with 28.9% (55) failure rates. Regarding distant recurrence, we recorded a rate of 18.3% (261/1430), while a rate of 11.3% (167/1472) was recorded for patients undergoing elective surgery.

CONCLUSION: NOM for patients with AD and extraluminal free air (both pericolic and distant) seems to be feasible and safe despite a higher failure rate in the distant subgroup, which remains the most challenging clinical scenario to deal with through conservative treatment.},
}

@article {pmid38831715,
year = {2024},
author = {Humphrey, HN and Sibley, P and Walker, ET and Keller, DS and Pata, F and Vimalachandran, D and Daniels, IR and McDermott, FD},
title = {Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors in diverticular disease: systematic review.},
journal = {BJS open},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/bjsopen/zrae032},
pmid = {38831715},
issn = {2474-9842},
mesh = {Humans ; Risk Factors ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Diverticular Diseases/genetics ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Obesity/genetics/complications ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diverticulosis is a normal anatomical variant of the colon present in more than 70% of the westernized population over the age of 80. Approximately 3% will develop diverticulitis in their lifetime. Many patients present emergently, suffer high morbidity rates and require substantial healthcare resources. Diverticulosis is the most common finding at colonoscopy and has the potential for causing a significant morbidity rate and burden on healthcare. There is a need to better understand the aetiology and pathogenesis of diverticular disease. Research suggests a genetic susceptibility of 40-50% in the formation of diverticular disease. The aim of this review is to present the hypothesized functional effects of the identified gene loci and environmental factors.

METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase. Medical subject headings terms used were: 'diverticular disease, diverticulosis, diverticulitis, genomics, genetics and epigenetics'. A review of grey literature identified environmental factors.

RESULTS: Of 995 articles identified, 59 articles met the inclusion criteria. Age, obesity and smoking are strongly associated environmental risk factors. Intrinsic factors of the colonic wall are associated with the presence of diverticula. Genetic pathways of interest and environmental risk factors were identified. The COLQ, FAM155A, PHGR1, ARHGAP15, S100A10, and TNFSF15 genes are the strongest candidates for further research.

CONCLUSION: There is increasing evidence to support the role of genomics in the spectrum of diverticular disease. Genomic, epigenetic and omic research with demographic context will help improve the understanding and management of this complex disease.},
}

Humans
Risk Factors
*Epigenesis, Genetic
*Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Diverticular Diseases/genetics
Gene-Environment Interaction
Obesity/genetics/complications

@article {pmid38816902,
year = {2024},
author = {Kostev, K and Smith, L and Veronese, N and Soysal, P and Krieg, S},
title = {Association between diverticular disease and subsequent dementia.},
journal = {Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jgh.16644},
pmid = {38816902},
issn = {1440-1746},
}

@article {pmid38812706,
year = {2024},
author = {Carabotti, M and Cuomo, R and Marasco, G and Barbara, G and Radaelli, F and Annibale, B},
title = {Unmet needs in treatment of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease and prevention of recurrent acute diverticulitis: a scoping review.},
journal = {Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {17562848241255297},
pmid = {38812706},
issn = {1756-283X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diverticular disease (DD) represents a common gastrointestinal condition that poses a heavy burden on healthcare systems worldwide. A high degree of uncertainty surrounds the therapeutic approaches for the control of symptoms in patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) and primary and secondary prevention of diverticulitis and its consequences.

OBJECTIVES: To review the current knowledge and discuss the unmet needs regarding the management of SUDD and the prevention of acute diverticulitis.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomized trials, observational studies, and systematic reviews on lifestyle/dietary interventions and medical treatment (rifaximin, mesalazine, and probiotics) of SUDD or prevention of acute diverticulitis.

SOURCES OF EVIDENCE: The literature search was performed from inception to April 2023, without language restriction, following the modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. References of the papers selected were checked to identify additional papers of potential interest. The final list of references was evaluated by a panel of experts, who were asked to check for any lack of relevant studies.

CHARTING METHODS: Information on patient population, study design, intervention, control group, duration of the observation, and outcomes assessed was collected by two authors independently.

RESULTS: The review shows a high degree of uncertainty about therapeutic interventions, both dietary/lifestyle and pharmacological, in patients with SUDD, because of the scarcity and weakness of existing evidence. Available studies are generally of low quality, heterogeneous, and outdated, precluding the possibility to draw robust conclusions. Similarly, acute diverticulitis prevention has been seldom investigated, and there is a substantial lack of evidence supporting the role of dietary/lifestyle or pharmacological approaches to reduce the risk of diverticulitis.

CONCLUSION: The lack of robust evidence regarding therapeutic options for gastrointestinal symptoms in SUDD patients and for primary and secondary prevention of acute diverticulitis remains an important unmet need in the management of DD.},
}

@article {pmid38802514,
year = {2024},
author = {Adewuyi, EO and Porter, T and O'Brien, EK and Olaniru, O and Verdile, G and Laws, SM},
title = {Genome-wide cross-disease analyses highlight causality and shared biological pathways of type 2 diabetes with gastrointestinal disorders.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {643},
pmid = {38802514},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {APP1161706//Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/ ; APP1191535//Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)/ ; },
mesh = {*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics ; Humans ; *Genome-Wide Association Study ; *Gastrointestinal Diseases/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; },
abstract = {Studies suggest links between diabetes and gastrointestinal (GI) traits; however, their underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively assess the genetic relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and GI disorders. Our study demonstrates a significant positive global genetic correlation of T2D with peptic ulcer disease (PUD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastritis-duodenitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and diverticular disease, but not inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We identify several positive local genetic correlations (negative for T2D - IBD) contributing to T2D's relationship with GI disorders. Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomisation analyses suggest causal effects of T2D on PUD and gastritis-duodenitis and bidirectionally with GERD. Gene-based analyses reveal a gene-level genetic overlap between T2D and GI disorders and identify several shared genes reaching genome-wide significance. Pathway-based study implicates leptin (T2D - IBD), thyroid, interferon, and notch signalling (T2D - IBS), abnormal circulating calcium (T2D - PUD), cardiovascular, viral, proinflammatory and (auto)immune-mediated mechanisms in T2D and GI disorders. These findings support a risk-increasing genetic overlap between T2D and GI disorders (except IBD), implicate shared biological pathways with putative causality for certain T2D - GI pairs, and identify targets for further investigation.},
}

*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
Humans
*Genome-Wide Association Study
*Gastrointestinal Diseases/genetics
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Mendelian Randomization Analysis

@article {pmid38770354,
year = {2024},
author = {Quigley, EMM},
title = {Can diet change the natural history of gastrointestinal diseases?.},
journal = {JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology},
volume = {8},
number = {5},
pages = {e13063},
pmid = {38770354},
issn = {2397-9070},
abstract = {Belatedly, gastroenterologists have begun to pay attention to the role of diet in the exacerbation of gastrointestinal symptoms in many digestive disorders-a recognition that has spurred both high-quality clinical trials and translational research into this area. It has become clear that multiple mechanisms acting either in isolation or together can induce gut symptoms and that appropriate interventions can lead to significant relief. What this review will explore is not the role of diet in the production of certain symptoms or symptom clusters, but rather whether a dietary intervention can beneficially alter the natural history of a gastrointestinal disease-a much more demanding expectation. Yet there are examples of where a diet, if sustained, can have a long-term impact on at least some of those affected by conditions such as eosinophilic esophagitis, celiac disease, food allergy, and constipation.},
}

@article {pmid38754448,
year = {2024},
author = {Waldmann, E},
title = {Beyond the scope: diverticular disease and post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer.},
journal = {Endoscopy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1055/a-2309-5998},
pmid = {38754448},
issn = {1438-8812},
}

@article {pmid38742534,
year = {2024},
author = {Saha, B and Jang, S and Friesen, JN and Kalinoski-DuBose, V and Verma, A and Mundell, W},
title = {Concomitant Sigmoid Diverticulitis and Periampullary Duodenal Diverticulitis Complicated by Lemmel Syndrome: A Case Report.},
journal = {Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {23247096241253342},
doi = {10.1177/23247096241253342},
pmid = {38742534},
issn = {2324-7096},
mesh = {Humans ; *Duodenal Diseases/complications ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Male ; Aged ; Intestinal Fistula/complications/etiology ; Diverticulitis, Colonic/complications ; Female ; Sigmoid Diseases/complications/etiology ; Diverticulitis/complications ; },
abstract = {Diverticular disease is a major cause of hospitalizations, especially in the elderly. Although diverticulosis and its complications predominately affect the colon, the formation of diverticula in the small intestine, most commonly in the duodenum, is well characterized in the literature. Although small bowel diverticula are typically asymptomatic, and diagnosed incidentally, a complication of periampullary duodenal diverticulum is Lemmel syndrome. Lemmel syndrome is an extremely rare condition whereby periampullary duodenal diverticula, most commonly without diverticulitis, leads to obstruction of the common bile duct due to mass effect and associated complications including acute cholangitis and pancreatitis. Here, we present the first case, to our knowledge, of periampullary duodenal diverticulitis complicated by Lemmel syndrome with concomitant colonic diverticulitis with colovesical fistula. Our case and literature review emphasizes that Lemmel syndrome can present with or without suggestions of obstructive jaundice and can most often be managed conservatively if caught early, except in the setting of emergent complications.},
}

Humans
*Duodenal Diseases/complications
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Male
Aged
Intestinal Fistula/complications/etiology
Diverticulitis, Colonic/complications
Female
Sigmoid Diseases/complications/etiology
Diverticulitis/complications

@article {pmid38731032,
year = {2024},
author = {Mortensen, LQ and Andresen, K and Thygesen, L and Pommergaard, HC and Rosenberg, J},
title = {Diverticulitis Is Associated with Increased Risk of Colon Cancer-A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm13092503},
pmid = {38731032},
issn = {2077-0383},
support = {62786-2020//Knud og Edith Eriksens Mindefond/ ; 20-L-0200//A.P. Møllers Fond/ ; 20-2B-7108//Aage og Johanne Louis-Hansens Fond/ ; },
abstract = {Background: An association between diverticulitis and colon cancer has been proposed. The evidence is conflicting, and the guidelines differ regarding recommended follow-up with colonoscopy after an episode of diverticulitis. To guide regimes for follow-up, this study aimed to investigate if patients with diverticulitis have an increased risk of colon cancer. Methods: This study is reported according to the RECORD statement. We performed a cohort study with linked data from nationwide Danish registers. The inclusion period was 1997-2009, and the complete study period was 1995-2013. The primary outcome was the risk of developing colon cancer estimated using a Cox regression analysis with time-varying covariates. We performed a sensitivity analysis on a cohort of people with prior colonoscopies, comparing the risk of colon cancer between the diverticulitis group and the control group. Results: We included 29,173 adult males and females with diverticulitis and 145,865 controls matched for sex and age. The incidence proportion of colon cancer was 2.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-2.3) in the diverticulitis group and 1.5% (95% CI 1.4-1.5) in the matched control group (hazard ratio 1.6; 95% CI 1.5-1.8). The risk of having a colon cancer diagnosis was significantly increased in the first six months after inclusion (hazard ratio 1.7; 95% CI 1.5-1.8), and hereafter there was a lower risk in the diverticulitis group compared with controls (hazard ratio 0.8; 95% CI 0.7-0.9). This protective effect lasted eight years. The increased risk of colon cancer during the first six months after diverticulitis was also found in the cohort with prior colonoscopies. Conclusions: The risk of a colon cancer diagnosis was significantly increased for patients with diverticulitis 0-6 months after the diagnosis of diverticulitis. Hereafter, we found a protective effect of diverticulitis until eight years later, possibly due to a screening effect. We recommend a follow-up colonoscopy after the first diagnosis of diverticulitis.},
}

@article {pmid38721481,
year = {2024},
author = {AlLehibi, AH and Alsubaie, FF and Alzahrani, RH and Ekhuraidah, HA and Koshan, MA and Alotaibi, NF and Alotaibi, FM and Alghamdi, HS and Aljumah, AA},
title = {Clinical Presentations and Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Emergency Department: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {e59912},
pmid = {38721481},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gastrointestinal bleeding is a major healthcare burden and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, clinical presentation, and risk factors of patients presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding in the emergency department.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The medical records of patients who presented to the emergency department with gastrointestinal bleeding between January 2010 and January 2020 were reviewed. Patients aged 18 years or older, with gastrointestinal bleeding (upper or lower) regardless of underlying cause, lifestyle, location of bleeding, health status, or medication use, were included. Demographic characteristics, initial vital signs, medical history, physical examination findings, comorbidities, medications, laboratory and radiological investigations, cause and stage of liver disease, management, and complications were recorded. Endoscopic findings and management of the bleeding site were collected according to the presenting symptoms.

RESULTS: A total of 760 patients were included. The mean age was 62.7 ± 17.8 years, and 61.4% were males. The most common comorbidities at presentation were hypertension (54.1%), diabetes mellitus (51.2%), and ischemic heart disease (18.2%). The origins of the bleeding were lower gastrointestinal in 52% and upper gastrointestinal in 48% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding was found to be more common than upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Hemorrhoids, polyps, diverticular disease, and colonic ulcers were the major risk factors for lower gastrointestinal bleeding. In contrast, upper gastrointestinal bleeding was predominantly caused by esophageal varices, gastritis, and peptic ulcers.},
}

@article {pmid38713610,
year = {2024},
author = {Christos, K and Filip, S and Wilhelm, G},
title = {Evaluation of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for perforated diverticulitis: a national registry-based study.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {111},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/bjs/znae109},
pmid = {38713610},
issn = {1365-2168},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; *Laparoscopy ; Aged ; Sweden/epidemiology ; *Peritoneal Lavage/methods ; Middle Aged ; *Registries ; *Intestinal Perforation/surgery ; *Diverticulitis, Colonic/surgery/complications/therapy ; Length of Stay ; Treatment Outcome ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic lavage (LPL) has been suggested for treatment of non-feculent perforated diverticulitis. In this observational study, the surgical treatment of diverticular disease in Sweden outside prospective trials was investigated.

METHODS: This population-based study used the National Patient Register to identify all patients in Sweden with emergency admissions for diverticular disease, as defined by ICD codes from July 2014 to December 2020. Demographics, surgical procedures and outcomes were assessed. In addition, register data since 1997 were retrieved to assess co-morbidities, previous abdominal surgeries, and previous admissions for diverticular disease.

RESULTS: Among 47 294 patients with emergency hospital admission, 2035 underwent LPL (427 patients) or sigmoid resection (SR, 1608 patients) for diverticular disease. The mean follow-up was 30.8 months. Patients selected for LPL were younger, healthier and with less previous abdominal surgery for diverticular disease than those in the SR group (P < 0.01). LPL was associated with shorter postoperative hospital stay (mean 9.4 versus 14.9 days, P < 0.001) and lower 30-day mortality (3.5% versus 8.7%, P < 0.001). Diverticular disease-associated subsequent surgery was more common in the SR group than the LPL group except during the first year (P < 0.001). LPL had a lower mortality rate during the study period (stratified HR 0.70, 95% c.i. 0.53-0.92, P = 0.023).

CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic lavage constitutes a safe alternative to sigmoid resection for selected patients judged clinically to require surgery.},
}

Humans
Male
Female
*Laparoscopy
Aged
Sweden/epidemiology
*Peritoneal Lavage/methods
Middle Aged
*Registries
*Intestinal Perforation/surgery
*Diverticulitis, Colonic/surgery/complications/therapy
Length of Stay
Treatment Outcome
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid38671294,
year = {2024},
author = {Carabotti, M and Marasco, G and Sbarigia, C and Cuomo, R and Barbara, G and Pace, F and Sarnelli, G and Annibale, B and , },
title = {Site and duration of abdominal pain discriminate symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease from previous diverticulitis patients.},
journal = {Internal and emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38671294},
issn = {1970-9366},
abstract = {Abdominal pain in patients with diverticular disease (DD) can be challenging in clinical practice. Patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) and patients with a previous acute diverticulitis (PD) may share a similar clinical pattern, difficult to differentiate from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We used standardized questionnaires for DD (short and long lasting abdominal pain) and IBS (following Rome III Criteria) to assess clinical features of abdominal pain, in terms of presence, severity and length, in SUDD and PD patients. One hundred and forty-eight SUDD and 118 PD patients completed all questionnaires. Short-lasting pain was more frequent in SUDD than PD patients (p = 0.007). Number of long-lasting pain episodes was higher in SUDD (6.6 ± 11.9) compared to PD patients (3.4 ± 6.9) (p < 0.001). PD patients reported long-lasting pain more frequently in the lower left abdomen (p < 0.001), while in SUDD it was more frequently diffuse (p = 0.002) or localized in the lower right quadrant (p = 0.009). Features associated with long-lasting pain (fever, confinement to bed, consultations, antibiotic therapy, hospitalization) were more often reported in PD patients. IBS criteria were reported in 28.2% of patients and were more frequent in SUDD than PD patients (37.2% vs 17.1%, p < 0.001). SUDD and PD patients presented different pattern of abdominal pain (length, number of long lasting episodes, site and associated features), with a third reporting overlap with IBS. Further observational studies are needed to better characterize abdominal symptoms in DD patients, especially in those not fulfilling IBS criteria.Trial registration: The REMAD Registry is registered as an observational study in ClinicalTrial.gov (ID: NCT03325829).},
}

@article {pmid38653494,
year = {2024},
author = {Yilmaz, S and Gunter, RL and Kanters, AE and Rosen, DR and Lipman, J and Holubar, SD and Hull, TL and Steele, SR},
title = {Segmental Colectomy in Ulcerative Colitis.},
journal = {Diseases of the colon and rectum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/DCR.0000000000003311},
pmid = {38653494},
issn = {1530-0358},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Segmental colectomy in ulcerative colitis is performed in select patients who may be at increased risk for postoperative morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: To identify ulcerative colitis patients who underwent segmental colectomy and assess their postoperative and long-term outcomes.

DESIGN: Retrospective case series.

SETTING: A tertiary-care inflammatory bowel disease center.

PATIENTS: Ulcerative colitis patients who underwent surgery between 1995 and 2022.

INTERVENTION: Segmental colectomy.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative complications, early and late colitis, metachronous cancer development, completion proctocolectomy-free survival rates and stoma at follow-up.

RESULTS: Fifty-five patients were included [20 (36.4%) female; 67.8 (57.4-77.1) years of age at surgery; body mass index 27.7 (24.2-31.1) kg/m2; median follow-up 37.3 months]. ASA score was III in 32 (58.2%) patients, 48 (87.3%) had at least one comorbidity, 48 (87.3%) had Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0-1. Patients underwent right hemicolectomy (28, 50.9%), sigmoidectomy (17, 30.9%), left hemicolectomy (6, 10.9%), low anterior resection (2, 3.6%), or a non-anatomic resection (2, 3.6%) for; endoscopically unresectable polyps (21, 38.2%), colorectal cancer (15, 27.3%), symptomatic diverticular disease (13, 23.6%), and stricture (6, 10.9%). Postoperative complications occurred in 16 (29.1%) patients [7 (12.7%) Clavien-Dindo Class III-V]. Early and late postoperative colitis rates were 9.1% and 14.5%, respectively. Metachronous cancer developed in 1 patient. 4 (7.3%) patients underwent subsequent completion proctocolectomy with ileostomy. Six (10.9%) patients had stoma at the follow-up. Two and 5-year completion proctocolectomy-free survival rates were 91% and 88%, respectively.

LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study, small sample size.

CONCLUSIONS: Segmental colectomy in ulcerative colitis is associated with low postoperative complication rates, symptomatic early colitis and late colitis rates, metachronous cancer development and the need for subsequent completion proctocolectomy. Therefore, it can be safe to consider select patients, such as the elderly with quiescent colitis and other indications for colectomy. See Video Abstract.},
}

@article {pmid38646562,
year = {2024},
author = {Santacroce, G and Lenti, MV and Abruzzese, GM and Alunno, G and Di Terlizzi, F and Frenna, C and Gentile, A and Latorre, MA and Petrucci, C and Ruggeri, D and Soriano, S and Aronico, N and De Silvestri, A and Corazza, GR and Iacucci, M and Di Sabatino, A},
title = {Clinical outcomes of diverticular disease in young adults: results from a tertiary referral center.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1363548},
pmid = {38646562},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Diverticular disease (DD), commonly associated with the elderly, is becoming more prevalent among younger individuals. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the differences in the natural history and outcomes between young and old patients with DD.

METHODS: Adult patients with DD diagnosed between 2010 and 2022 at an Italian tertiary referral center were enrolled, and their demographic and clinical data were retrieved. The patients were categorized as young or old based on the 25th percentile of the population's age at diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between the collected variables and the age of disease presentation. Additionally, survival analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between the age of diagnosis and clinical outcomes at follow-up, including disease recurrence, hospital access, surgery, and death.

RESULTS: A total of 220 DD patients (with a median age of 66 years, IQR 55-74, and a female-to-male ratio of 1.4:1) were included in the study, comprising 54 patients receiving a diagnosis before the age of 49 years (young DD patients) and 166 patients diagnosed after the age of 49 years (old DD patients). Male sex (57 vs. 36%, p < 0.01), smoking (38 vs. 14%, p < 0.01), and alcohol consumption (54 vs. 38%) were highly prevalent in young patients. The complications at the time of diagnosis, particularly abscesses and free perforations, occurred more frequently in younger patients (p = 0.04). Moreover, young DD patients experienced a higher rate of hospitalization and surgical intervention (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively) over a median follow-up period of 5 years.

CONCLUSION: Preventive strategies and prompt diagnosis are crucial in young patients with DD for achieving better disease outcomes and preventing complications.},
}

@article {pmid38646313,
year = {2024},
author = {Narváez González, HF and De Alba Cruz, I and Carbajal Cabrera, PR and Morales Tercero, YA and Luna León, LG and Vargas Ávila, AL},
title = {Neutrophil- and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio as Biomarkers of Severity in Complicated Diverticular Disease.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e56656},
pmid = {38646313},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Diverticulitis is a prevalent gastrointestinal disease that may require surgical intervention. The aim of the study was to investigate the involvement of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as biomarkers of severity in complicated diverticular disease (CDD) in Mexican patients and their correlation with the need for surgical intervention, the length of hospital stay, and mortality.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study performed from 2017 to 2021 was considered in patients over 18 years of age, with a diagnosis of CDD by using computed tomography and with a hemogram taken in the first 24 hours upon admission to the emergency department to describe the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) of NLR and PLR in the CDD.  Results: A total of 102 Mexican patients suffering from CDD, 54% women and 46% men with a mean of 59 years, were analyzed. According to Hinchey's classification, 79 (77.5%) patients showed type I, 12 (12.8%) type II, 5 (4.9%) type III, and 6 (5.9%) type IV. The mean hospital stay was 8.8 days, with a mortality rate of 3.9%. The cut-off value was established at 5.1 for NLR according to the results of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.633, a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 43%, PPV of 21.8%, and NPV of 96% for the prediction of CDD. A cut-off value for PLR at 72 was established according to the results of the ROC curve with an AUC of 0.482, a sensitivity of 78%, a specificity of 40%, PPV of 96%, and NPV of 9% for the prediction of CDD.

CONCLUSION: The NLR and PLR are easily calculable and accessible biomarkers that can be part of the decision-making for the diagnosis and treatment of CDD in Mexican people as has been observed in other populations. However, more prospective, multicenter comparative studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of these biomarkers in relation to those already described.},
}

@article {pmid38645837,
year = {2024},
author = {Pham, PC and Van, HAT and Hoang, VT and Hoang, TH and Nguyen, DD and Hoang, DT},
title = {Appendiceal Diverticulitis Mimics Cecal Diverticulitis Diagnosed Preoperatively.},
journal = {Clinical pathology (Thousand Oaks, Ventura County, Calif.)},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {2632010X241248909},
pmid = {38645837},
issn = {2632-010X},
abstract = {Appendiceal diverticulitis is an uncommon condition that clinically resembles acute appendicitis. However, it is an incidental finding in histopathological studies and is rarely diagnosed preoperatively by imaging studies. In this article, we present the clinical and imaging findings of a male patient presenting with right upper quadrant pain with a preoperative imaging diagnosis of appendiceal diverticulitis. He underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and confirmed the diagnosis of appendiceal diverticulitis. This is a rare preoperative diagnosis. The management is often like typical appendicitis which is appendectomy. It is important to differentiate it from diverticulitis of the small intestine or colon because these diseases usually require only conservative treatment.},
}

@article {pmid38642312,
year = {2024},
author = {Bassotti, G},
title = {Treating colonic diverticula with rifaximin: a call to action.},
journal = {Internal and emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38642312},
issn = {1970-9366},
}

@article {pmid38638782,
year = {2024},
author = {Malone, JC and Patel, SR and Walker, JP and Shabot, M},
title = {Giant Colonic Diverticulum: A Rare Type of Diverticular Disease.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e56463},
pmid = {38638782},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Giant colonic diverticulum (GCD) is a well-recognized but infrequently encountered disease in clinical practice. GCD is its own unique entity and differs from commonly seen diverticular disease in both size and management. Initial clinical presentation is typically associated with diverticulitis and symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, rectal bleeding, or even a palpable abdominal mass. Surgery is the recommended treatment option largely due to the risk of associated complications including colonic perforation. We describe the case of a 56-year-old female diagnosed with a sigmoid GCD that was successfully stabilized medically and definitively treated surgically.},
}

@article {pmid38632117,
year = {2024},
author = {Podda, M and Ceresoli, M and Di Martino, M and Ortenzi, M and Pellino, G and Pata, F and Ielpo, B and Murzi, V and Balla, A and Lepiane, P and Tamini, N and De Carlo, G and Davolio, A and Di Saverio, S and Cardinali, L and Botteri, E and Vettoretto, N and Gelera, PP and De Simone, B and Grasso, A and Clementi, M and Meloni, D and Poillucci, G and Favi, F and Rizzo, R and Montori, G and Procida, G and Recchia, I and Agresta, F and Virdis, F and Cioffi, SPB and Pellegrini, M and Sartelli, M and Coccolini, F and Catena, F and Pisanu, A},
title = {Towards a tailored approach for patients with acute diverticulitis and abscess formation. The DivAbsc2023 multicentre case-control study.},
journal = {Surgical endoscopy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38632117},
issn = {1432-2218},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This multicentre case-control study aimed to identify risk factors associated with non-operative treatment failure for patients with CT scan Hinchey Ib-IIb and WSES Ib-IIa diverticular abscesses.

METHODS: This study included a cohort of adult patients experiencing their first episode of CT-diagnosed diverticular abscess, all of whom underwent initial non-operative treatment comprising either antibiotics alone or in combination with percutaneous drainage. The cohort was stratified based on the outcome of non-operative treatment, specifically identifying those who required emergency surgical intervention as cases of treatment failure. Multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors associated with the failure of non-operative treatment was employed.

RESULTS: Failure of conservative treatment occurred for 116 patients (27.04%). CT scan Hinchey classification IIb (aOR 2.54, 95%CI 1.61;4.01, P < 0.01), tobacco smoking (aOR 2.01, 95%CI 1.24;3.25, P < 0.01), and presence of air bubbles inside the abscess (aOR 1.59, 95%CI 1.00;2.52, P = 0.04) were independent predictors of failure. In the subgroup of patients with abscesses > 5 cm, percutaneous drainage was not associated with the risk of failure or success of the non-operative treatment (aOR 2.78, 95%CI - 0.66;3.70, P = 0.23).

CONCLUSIONS: Non-operative treatment is generally effective for diverticular abscesses. Tobacco smoking's role as an independent risk factor for treatment failure underscores the need for targeted behavioural interventions in diverticular disease management. IIb Hinchey diverticulitis patients, particularly young smokers, require vigilant monitoring due to increased risks of treatment failure and septic progression. Further research into the efficacy of image-guided percutaneous drainage should involve randomized, multicentre studies focussing on homogeneous patient groups.},
}

@article {pmid38615466,
year = {2024},
author = {Dourado, J and Jassir, FF and Pavlovsky, A and Blumofe, K},
title = {Perforated jejunal diverticulitis in the setting of biologic therapy presenting as transverse Colon diverticulitis: A case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {118},
number = {},
pages = {109615},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.109615},
pmid = {38615466},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Small bowel diverticula are a rare entity and are mostly found in the duodenum on diagnosis. Some common complications of this pathology include bleeding, obstruction, diverticulitis, and perforation. Furthermore, there is growing evidence supporting an association between biologic therapies and spontaneous intestinal perforation.

PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a case of a 79-year-old female on prednisone, hydroxychloroquine, and tofacitinib for rheumatoid arthritis who was misdiagnosed with transverse colonic diverticulitis and eventually found to have perforated jejunal diverticulitis on laparotomy.

DISCUSSION: While tofacitinib has been associated with spontaneous intestinal perforation, it has not been documented as an aggravating factor in small bowel diverticular disease.

CONCLUSION: It is imperative to maintain a high index of suspicion for this pathology in immunosuppressed patients with an atypical presentation of diverticular disease.},
}

@article {pmid38598172,
year = {2024},
author = {Krieg, S and Kolbe, EW and Loosen, SH and Roderburg, C and Krieg, A and Kostev, K},
title = {Is there a link between appendicitis and the risk of diverticular disease?: a large German cohort study.},
journal = {International journal of colorectal disease},
volume = {39},
number = {1},
pages = {50},
pmid = {38598172},
issn = {1432-1262},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Appendicitis, characterized by inflammation of the vermiform appendix, is a common abdominal emergency necessitating appendectomy. Recent evidence suggests a potential link between appendicitis and subsequent diverticular disease, yet population-based studies investigating this association are limited.

METHODS: Utilizing the Disease Analyzer database encompassing data from over 1000 primary care practices in Germany, we conducted a retrospective cohort study. We included 25,379 adults diagnosed with appendicitis and an equal number of matched controls without appendicitis. The incidence of diverticular disease over a 10-year follow-up period was compared between the two cohorts. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the association between appendicitis and diverticular disease, adjusting for potential confounders.

RESULTS: Our findings revealed a significant association between appendicitis and subsequent diverticular disease (HR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.57-1.97), with an increased risk observed across all age groups. Notably, this association was stronger in men (HR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.68-2.37) than in women (HR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.36-1.84). The cumulative 10-year incidence of diverticular disease was higher in patients with appendicitis (6.5%) compared to those without (3.6%). Additionally, we observed a clear age-dependent increase in the incidence of diverticular disease.

CONCLUSION: This large-scale population-based study provides valuable insights into the interaction between appendicitis and diverticular disease. The study underscores the need for further research elucidating the underlying mechanisms linking appendicitis to diverticular disease. Probiotics emerge as a potential therapeutic avenue warranting exploration in the management of both conditions. These findings have important implications for clinical practice, highlighting the importance of considering appendicitis as a potential risk factor for diverticular disease, particularly in men. Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings and explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting the shared pathophysiological pathways underlying both conditions.},
}

@article {pmid38585039,
year = {2024},
author = {Bachelani, AM and Holton, LA},
title = {Factors affecting minimally invasive surgery utilization during elective colectomies for diverticular disease in the United States.},
journal = {Surgery open science},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {14-19},
pmid = {38585039},
issn = {2589-8450},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Compared with open surgery, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been shown to have improved outcomes when treating diverticular disease. This study aimed to analyze recent trends in MIS utilization for elective colectomy for diverticular disease and to identify individual variables and hospital characteristics associated with MIS utilization.

METHODS: This population-based study examined individuals from the National Inpatient Sample who underwent elective colectomy for diverticular disease from 2016 to 2019.

RESULTS: Hospitals in the Midwest used MIS less than those in other geographic regions. Rural hospitals used MIS less than urban hospitals. Hospital bed size and teaching status were not associated with differences in MIS utilization. Patients with private insurance were more likely to have an MIS operation. There was also a racial disparity in MIS utilization, even after adjusting for insurance status.

CONCLUSIONS: While there is no longer any variance in MIS utilization based on hospital bed size or teaching status, disparities concerning patient race remain, even after adjusting for insurance status. Further investigation is needed to determine the roots of these disparities.},
}

@article {pmid38583262,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, J and Ruan, X and Fu, T and Lu, S and Gill, D and He, Z and Burgess, S and Giovannucci, EL and Larsson, SC and Deng, M and Yuan, S and Li, X},
title = {Sedentary lifestyle, physical activity, and gastrointestinal diseases: evidence from mendelian randomization analysis.},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
volume = {103},
number = {},
pages = {105110},
doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105110},
pmid = {38583262},
issn = {2352-3964},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The causal associations of physical activity and sedentary behavior with the risk of gastrointestinal disease are unclear. We performed a Mendelian randomization analysis to examine these associations.

METHODS: Genetic instruments associated with leisure screen time (LST, an indicator of a sedentary lifestyle) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) at the genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10[-8]) level were selected from a genome-wide association study. Summary statistics for gastrointestinal diseases were obtained from the UK Biobank study, the FinnGen study, and large consortia. Multivariable MR analyses were conducted for genetically determined LST with adjustment for MVPA and vice versa. We also performed multivariable MR with adjustment for genetically proxied smoking, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, type 2 diabetes, and fasting insulin for both exposures.

FINDINGS: Genetically proxied longer LST was associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal reflux, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticular disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and acute appendicitis. Most associations remained after adjustment for genetic liability to MVPA. Genetic liability to MVPA was associated with decreased risk of gastroesophageal reflux, gastric ulcer, chronic gastritis, irritable bowel syndrome, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, acute and chronic pancreatitis. The associations attenuated albeit directionally remained after adjusting for genetically predicted LST. Multivariable MR analysis found that BMI and type 2 diabetes mediated the associations of LST and MVPA with several gastrointestinal diseases.

INTERPRETATION: The study suggests that a sedentary lifestyle may play a causal role in the development of many gastrointestinal diseases.

FUNDING: Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province (LR22H260001), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2021JJ30999), Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation (Hjärt-Lungfonden, 20210351), Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, 2019-00977), Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden), the Wellcome Trust (225790/7/22/Z), United Kingdom Research and Innovation Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00002/7) and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (NHIR203312).},
}

@article {pmid38572374,
year = {2024},
author = {Obata, K and Uchiyama, K and Murai, R},
title = {Endoscopic and clinicopathological features of segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis.},
journal = {DEN open},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {e356},
pmid = {38572374},
issn = {2692-4609},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD) has close endoscopic and pathological similarities to ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. Clinical data on SCAD are limited in Japan. We examined the endoscopic and clinicopathological features of patients with SCAD.

METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included 13 patients with SCAD between 2012 and 2022. Endoscopic findings were categorized as follows: type A (swollen red patches 5-10 mm at the top of mucosal folds), mild and moderate type B (mild-to-moderate UC-like findings), type C (aphthous ulcers resembling Crohn's disease), and type D (severe UC-like findings).

RESULTS: Overall, six, five, and two patients were diagnosed with type A, mild type B, and moderate type B disease, respectively. Among the type A cases, two spontaneously progressed to moderate type B and one escalated to type D, necessitating an emergency sigmoidectomy owing to perforation peritonitis, despite repeated antibiotic treatments. Histopathologically, diffuse neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration with cryptitis were noted in all type A cases, whereas UC-like alterations were observed in type B and D cases. Seven type B cases were treated with oral 5-aminosalicylic acid and/or salazosulfapyridine. Clinical remission was achieved in three mild type B cases and one moderate type B case, while clinical relapse and remission were noted in three moderate type B cases. No anti-inflammatory treatment was required in three type A and two mild type B cases.

CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive anti-inflammatory treatment should be considered for SCAD with UC-like findings due to the potential risk of severe ulceration, stenosis, and/or perforation.},
}

@article {pmid38563552,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Zhu, J and Tang, Y and Huang, C},
title = {Association of periodontitis with gastrointestinal tract disorders: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.},
journal = {Journal of periodontology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/JPER.23-0560},
pmid = {38563552},
issn = {1943-3670},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The bidirectional link of periodontitis (PD) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders has been investigated in previous epidemiological studies; however, the conclusions still remain controversial. The aim of this study was to comprehensively explore the bidirectional causal effect between PD and various GIT diseases.

METHODS: Based on summary-level data of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was undertaken. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PD or GIT disorders (chronic gastritis [CG], gastric ulcer [GU], duodenal ulcer [DU], gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD], irritable bowel syndrome [IBS], and diverticular disease of the intestine [DI]) in GWASs were applied as exposure. The primary method employed was the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, and several sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate potential pleiotropy.

RESULTS: With regard to the investigation of the causality between PD and GIT disorders, the IVW method revealed that there is a causal impact of PD on GU (odds ratio [OR] 1.088; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.036-1.141; adjusted p = 0.004) and DI (OR 0.938; 95% CI, 0.911-0.965; adjusted p = 0.000). However, no significant genetic liability was observed for the causal effect of PD on CG, DU, GERD, and IBS. Furthermore, the primary analysis did not demonstrate a causal effect of GIT disorders on PD.

CONCLUSION: This MR study suggests that PD may be associated with an increased risk of GU and a reduced risk of DI, with possibly limited clinical relevance. Further studies are needed to support the conclusions of this MR study.},
}

@article {pmid38562396,
year = {2024},
author = {Taah-Amoako, P and Bediako-Bowan, AAA and Dakubo, JCB},
title = {The Prevalence and Management Outcomes of Diverticular Disease in a Tertiary Facility in Ghana.},
journal = {Journal of the West African College of Surgeons},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {141-145},
pmid = {38562396},
issn = {2992-5827},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diverticular disease of the colon, previously believed to be rare among Africans, is now an emerging disease entity in many African countries. The increasing morbidity and varied presentations are associated with this.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of diverticular disease among patients who underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopies over a 5-year period and evaluate the common presentations, interventions, and treatment outcomes at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Ghana.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who underwent either a colonoscopy or proctosigmoidoscopy between January 2017 and December 2021, at the KBTH. The records of patients admitted for complications of diverticular disease over the same period were also reviewed.

RESULTS: A total of 4266 patients underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy over the study period. Out of this, 380 were diagnosed with diverticular disease giving a prevalence of 8.91%. This comprised 58.95% male and 41.05% female. Their mean age was 67.02 (standard deviation ± 11.45). The age ranged from 26 to 95 years with a median of 67. Sixty-seven patients with 88 episodes of admission were managed for complications. The average age was 69.26 (SD ± 13.28) and ranged from 40 to 98 years with an interquartile range of 20 years. Complications were predominantly bleeding diverticular disease (94.32%), whereas 5.6% presented with diverticulitis. Ninety percent were managed conservatively, and 10% had surgical intervention.

CONCLUSION: This study concludes that the prevalence of diverticular disease among Ghanaians undergoing lower gastrointestinal endoscopy is still low and bleeding is the commonest indication for admission which is mostly managed conservatively.},
}

@article {pmid38540970,
year = {2024},
author = {Gallo, A and Covino, M and Baroni, S and Camilli, S and Ibba, F and Andaloro, S and Agnitelli, MC and Rognoni, FM and Landi, F and Montalto, M},
title = {Diagnostic Accuracy of Fecal Calprotectin in Discriminating Organic-Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Diseases and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Older Patients.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jpm14030227},
pmid = {38540970},
issn = {2075-4426},
abstract = {Fecal calprotectin (FC) has been largely recognized as a surrogate marker of intestinal neutrophilic inflammation, very reliable in distinguishing between inflammatory bowel diseases and functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Aging has been suggested to influence FC results and their diagnostic accuracy; however, no studies are specifically targeted on this focus. In a retrospective study, we evaluated the eventual age-differences of the diagnostic accuracy of FC in discriminating between organic-inflammatory GI diseases and functional GI disorders. In 573 younger and 172 older (≥65 years) subjects undergoing an FC assay, we found that the latter showed higher median FC values, 72 (25-260) µg/g vs. 47 (25-165) µg/g (p < 0.01). Younger patients were more commonly affected by IBDs, while colorectal cancer and high-risk polyps, infective colitis, and diverticular disease represented the most common findings in the older subgroup. However, the estimated optimum FC threshold in discriminating between organic-inflammatory GI diseases and functional GI disorders was quite similar between the two groups (109 μg/g for the younger subgroup and 98 μg/g for the older subgroup), maintaining a very high specificity. In conclusion, we show that FC also represents a very specific test for intestinal inflammation in older patients, at similar threshold levels to younger subjects.},
}

@article {pmid38505449,
year = {2024},
author = {Sahay, SC and Mangla, V and Kesarwani, P and Goel, A},
title = {Robotic-Assisted Colovesical Fistula Repair: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e54404},
pmid = {38505449},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Colovesical fistulas present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, commonly arising from complications of diverticular disease. In our case, a 71-year-old male with colovesical fistula symptoms underwent robotic-assisted surgery for complicated sigmoid diverticulitis. Intraoperatively, meticulous adhesiolysis and fistula repair were performed. Histopathology confirmed diverticular disease. Postoperatively, the patient recovered well. Colovesical fistulas may indicate underlying malignancy in diverticulitis. With a lack of standardized protocols, our case suggests that robotic-assisted surgery offers improved outcomes, better vision, and ergonomics. To conclude, robotic-assisted colovesical fistula repair and sigmoidectomy demonstrated excellent outcomes, suggesting a promising approach for enhanced postoperative recovery.},
}

@article {pmid38496209,
year = {2024},
author = {Rizzuto, A and Andreuccetti, J and Bracale, U and Silvestri, V and Pontecorvi, E and Reggio, S and Sagnelli, C and Peltrini, R and Amaddeo, A and Bozzarello, C and Pignata, G and Cuccurullo, D and Corcione, F},
title = {Shifting paradigms: a pivotal study on laparoscopic resection for colovesical fistulas in diverticular disease.},
journal = {Frontiers in surgery},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1370370},
pmid = {38496209},
issn = {2296-875X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Colovesical fistulas (CVFs) pose a challenge in diverticulitis, affecting 4% to 20% of sigmoid colon cases. Complicated diverticular disease contributes significantly, accounting for 60%-70% of all CVFs. Existing studies on laparoscopic CVF management lack clarity on its effectiveness in diverticular cases compared to open surgery. This study redefines paradigms by assessing the potentiality, adequacy, and utility of laparoscopy in treating CVFs due to complicated diverticular disease, marking a paradigm shift in surgical approaches.

METHODS: Conducting a retrospective analysis at Ospedale Monaldi A.O.R.N dei Colli and University Federico II, Naples, Italy, patients undergoing surgery for CVF secondary to diverticular disease between 2010 and 2020 were examined. Comprehensive data, including demographics, clinical parameters, preoperative diagnoses, operative and postoperative details, and histopathological examination, were meticulously recorded. Patients were classified into open surgery (Group A) and laparoscopy (Group B). Statistical analysis used IBM SPSS Statistic 19.0.

RESULTS: From January 2010 to December 2020, 76 patients underwent surgery for colovesical fistula secondary to diverticular disease. Laparoscopic surgery (Group B, n = 40) and open surgery (Group A, n = 36) showed no statistically significant differences in operative time, bladder suture, or associated procedures. Laparoscopy demonstrated advantages, including lower intraoperative blood loss, reduced postoperative primary ileus, and a significantly shorter length of stay. Postoperative morbidity differed significantly between groups. Mortality occurred in Group A but was unrelated to surgical complications. No reoperations were observed. Two-year follow-up revealed no fistula recurrence.

CONCLUSION: This pivotal study marks a paradigm shift by emphasizing laparoscopic resection and primary anastomosis as a safe and feasible option for managing CVF secondary to diverticular disease. Comparable conversion, morbidity, and mortality rates to the open approach underscore the transformative potential of these findings. The study's emphasis on patient selection and surgeon experience challenges existing paradigms, offering a progressive shift toward minimally invasive solutions.},
}

@article {pmid38490316,
year = {2024},
author = {Troelsen, FS and Farkas, DK and Erichsen, R and Strate, LL and Baron, JA and Sørensen, HT},
title = {Risk of Cancer in Patients with Diverticular Disease: A Population-based Cohort Study.},
journal = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cgh.2024.02.024},
pmid = {38490316},
issn = {1542-7714},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Several studies have investigated the association between diverticular disease (DD) and colorectal cancer. However, whether there is an association between DD and malignancies other than those in the colorectum remains uncertain.

METHODS: For the 1978-2019 period, we conducted a nationwide, population-based cohort study using national Danish healthcare data. We followed DD patients for up to 20 years, beginning one year after the date of DD diagnosis until the first occurrence of incident cancer, emigration, death, 20 years of follow-up, or December 31[st], 2019. We calculated cumulative incidence proportions of cancer and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) comparing cancer incidence among DD patients with that in the general population.

RESULTS: We identified 200,639 patients with DD, of whom 20,498 were diagnosed with cancer during the 1-20 years after their DD diagnosis. The SIRs were increased for most cancer sites except for those in the colorectum (SIR: 0.75 [95% CI: 0.72-0.78]). The highest SIRs were observed for cancers of the lung, bronchi, and trachea (SIR, 1.20; 95% CI: 1.15-1.24) and kidney (SIR, 1.27; 95% CI: 1.16-1.39).

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show an increased long-term relative risk of cancer following a diagnosis of DD. These findings are likely due to prevalence of numerous risk factors in DD patients that confer an increased risk of cancer. The decreased relative risk of colorectal cancer might be explained by an increased likelihood of DD patients undergoing colonoscopy with polypectomy.},
}

@article {pmid38487561,
year = {2024},
author = {Williams, S and Bjarnason, I and Hayee, B and Haji, A},
title = {Diverticular disease: update on pathophysiology, classification and management.},
journal = {Frontline gastroenterology},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {50-58},
doi = {10.1136/flgastro-2022-102361},
pmid = {38487561},
issn = {2041-4137},
abstract = {Colonic diverticulosis is prevalent, affecting approximately 70% of the western population by 80 years of age. Incidence is rapidly increasing in younger age groups. Between 10% and 25% of those with diverticular disease (DD) will experience acute diverticulitis. A further 15% will develop complications including abscess, bleeding and perforation. Such complications are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and constitute a worldwide health burden. Furthermore, chronic symptoms associated with DD are difficult to manage and present a further significant healthcare burden. The pathophysiology of DD is complex due to multifactorial contributing factors. These include diet, colonic wall structure, intestinal motility and genetic predispositions. Thus, targeted preventative measures have proved difficult to establish. Recently, commonly held conceptions on DD have been challenged. This review explores the latest understanding on pathophysiology, risk factors, classification and treatment options.},
}

@article {pmid38479421,
year = {2024},
author = {Frieling, T},
title = {[Non-distinctive abdominal pain: is it diverticular disease or not?].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {149},
number = {7},
pages = {369-373},
doi = {10.1055/a-2063-0967},
pmid = {38479421},
issn = {1439-4413},
abstract = {Acute abdominal pain may relate to specific organ systems and needs an interdisciplinary approach with close collaboration between internal and surgical disciplines. Main objective is to shorten the diagnostic work-up between the beginning of the symptoms and their therapy. After clarifying of the five w-questions: when, how, how long, why, and where, abdominal ultrasound, ECG, laboratory diagnostics and early application of computed tomography should be performed.For the most part, chronic abdominal pain is caused by disorders of the gut-brain-axis such as the irritable bowel syndrome. Because of the synaptic plasticity, the processing of pain is dynamic and cannot be related to a single organ system. This problem is obvious in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and colonic diverticula, which may be interpreted as symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD, type 3a). However, a reliable clinical differentiation between both groups is not possible. The establishment of SUDD (type 3a) considerable widened the application area of mesalazine.},
}

@article {pmid38471466,
year = {2024},
author = {Völkerer, A and Wernly, S and Semmler, G and Flamm, M and Radzikowski, K and Datz, L and Aigner, E and Datz, C and Wernly, B},
title = {The Impact of Educational Status on the Occurrence of Colonic Diverticula: Insights from an Austrian Cohort Study.},
journal = {Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1159/000538308},
pmid = {38471466},
issn = {1423-0151},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Education often reflects socioeconomic status. Research indicates that lower socioeconomic status may increase the risk of diverticulosis, and ccording to data from the USA, diverticular disease is a significant and costly health problem. Our study explores the link between educational level and colonic diverticula occurrence.

SUBJECT AND METHODS: We conducted a cohort study on 5,532 asymptomatic Austrian patients who underwent colonoscopy, categorizing them by education level using the updated Generalized International Standard Classification of Education (GISCED). Logistic regression models, adjusting for age, gender, metabolic syndrome, diet, and activity, were used to determine the association between education and diverticulosis.

RESULTS: Overall, 39% of the patients had low educational status, while 53% had medium, and 8% had high educational status. Colon diverticula were less frequent in patients with medium (OR 0.73) and high (aOR 0.62) educational status. Medium educational level remained associated with lower rates of diverticulosis after adjustment for age and sex (aOR 0.85) and further metabolic syndrome, dietary habits, and physical activity (aOR 0.84). In higher education status this phenomenon was only seen by trend.

CONCLUSION: Low education correlated with higher colon diverticula risk, while medium education showed lower rates even after adjustments. This trend persisted at higher education levels, highlighting the potential for strategies for cost-reduction tailored to socioeconomic conditions.},
}

@article {pmid38459424,
year = {2024},
author = {Nantais, J and Baxter, NN and Saskin, R and Calzavara, A and Gomez, D},
title = {Short- and long-term outcomes of acute diverticulitis in patients with transplanted kidneys.},
journal = {Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/codi.16941},
pmid = {38459424},
issn = {1463-1318},
support = {/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; },
abstract = {AIM: The safety of nonoperative treatment for patients with transplanted kidneys who develop acute diverticulitis is unclear. Our primary aim was to examine the long-term sequelae of nonoperative management in this group.

METHOD: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study using linked administrative databases housed at ICES in Ontario, Canada. We included adult (≥18 years) patients admitted with acute diverticulitis between April 2002 and December 2019. Patients with a functioning kidney transplant were compared with those without a transplant. The primary outcome was failure of conservative management (operation, drainage procedure or death due to acute diverticulitis) beyond 30 days. The cumulative incidence function and a Fine-Grey subdistribution hazard model were used to evaluate this outcome accounting for competing risks.

RESULTS: We examined 165 patients with transplanted kidneys and 74 095 without. Patients with transplanted kidneys were managed conservatively 81% of the time at the index event versus 86% in nontransplant patients. Short-term outcomes were comparable, but cumulative failure of conservative management at 5 years occurred in 5.6% (95% CI 2.3%-11.1%) of patients with transplanted kidneys versus 2.1% (95% CI 2.0%-2.3%) in those without. Readmission for acute diverticulitis was also higher in transplanted patients at 5 years at 16.7% (95% CI 10.1%-24.7%) versus 11.6% (95% CI 11.3%-11.9%). Adjusted analyses showed increased failure of conservative management [subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) 3.24, 95% CI 1.69-6.22] and readmissions (sHR 1.55, 95% CI 1.02-2.36) for patients with transplanted kidneys.

CONCLUSION: Most patients with transplanted kidneys are managed conservatively for acute diverticulitis. Although long-term readmission and failure of conservative management is higher for this group than the nontransplant population, serious outcomes are infrequent, substantiating the safety of this approach.},
}

@article {pmid38453141,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, K and Wang, YC and Yang, KT and Huang, TH and Hung, YM and Chang, R},
title = {Association of diverticulitis and potential risk of ischemic stroke: population-based matched cohort study in Taiwan.},
journal = {Postgraduate medical journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/postmj/qgae010},
pmid = {38453141},
issn = {1469-0756},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested relationship between diverticular disease and cardiovascular disease. Since cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular accident share a lot of pathogenesis, diverticulitis could also be a risk factor for stroke. This study tried to establish epidemiological evidence of the relationship between colon diverticulitis and ischemic stroke.

METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with newly diagnosed colon diverticulitis (N = 6238) and patients without colon diverticulitis (control group; N = 24 952) were recruited between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2017. Both groups were matched by propensity score at a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, comorbidities and medications. Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of ischemic stroke. We also conducted 4 different regression models and 2 sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of our findings.

RESULTS: The diverticulitis group had a higher risk of IS than the control group (adjusted HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12-1.39; P < 0.001). Serial sensitivity analyses yielded consistent positive link between diverticulitis and IS. Further subgroup analysis showed that in the study group, the risk of IS was 2.54-fold higher than the matched controls in 30-39 years.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study found that colon diverticulitis was associated with a higher risk of developing subsequent ischemic stroke, especially for patients aged 30-39 years, among Asian population. This result provides us a chance to undertake preventive measures for ischemic stroke in high-risk patients.},
}

@article {pmid38443061,
year = {2024},
author = {Seo, J and Liu, H and Young, K and Zhang, X and Keku, TO and Jones, CD and North, KE and Sandler, RS and Peery, AF},
title = {Genetic and transcriptomic landscape of colonic diverticulosis.},
journal = {Gut},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331267},
pmid = {38443061},
issn = {1468-3288},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Colonic diverticulosis is a prevalent condition among older adults, marked by the presence of thin-walled pockets in the colon wall that can become inflamed, infected, haemorrhage or rupture. We present a case-control genetic and transcriptomic study aimed at identifying the genetic and cellular determinants underlying this condition and the relationship with other gastrointestinal disorders.

DESIGN: We conducted DNA and RNA sequencing on colonic tissue from 404 patients with (N=172) and without (N=232) diverticulosis. We investigated variation in the transcriptome associated with diverticulosis and further integrated this variation with single-cell RNA-seq data from the human intestine. We also integrated our expression quantitative trait loci with genome-wide association study using Mendelian randomisation (MR). Furthermore, a Polygenic Risk Score analysis gauged associations between diverticulosis severity and other gastrointestinal disorders.

RESULTS: We discerned 38 genes with differential expression and 17 with varied transcript usage linked to diverticulosis, indicating tissue remodelling as a primary diverticula formation mechanism. Diverticula formation was primarily linked to stromal and epithelial cells in the colon including endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, fibroblasts, goblet, tuft, enterocytes, neurons and glia. MR highlighted five genes including CCN3, CRISPLD2, ENTPD7, PHGR1 and TNFSF13, with potential causal effects on diverticulosis. Notably, ENTPD7 upregulation was confirmed in diverticulosis cases. Additionally, diverticulosis severity was positively correlated with genetic predisposition to diverticulitis.

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that tissue remodelling is a primary mechanism for diverticula formation. Individuals with an increased genetic proclivity to diverticulitis exhibit a larger numbers of diverticula on colonoscopy.},
}

@article {pmid38419785,
year = {2024},
author = {Aierken, A and Atabieke, F and Aierken, M and Li, J and Xia, Y and Aizezi, Y and Li, SX},
title = {No bidirectional relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and diverticular disease: a genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization study.},
journal = {Frontiers in genetics},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1334473},
pmid = {38419785},
issn = {1664-8021},
abstract = {Background: Although previous studies found that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and diverticular disease (DD) usually co-exist clinically, studies examining the relationship are spare. Aim: Our study aspires to investigate the causal correlation between the IBD [including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD)] and DD using the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: We conducted a two-sample bidirectional MR analysis using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data associated with DD and IBD were obtained from the Finnish Biobank and UK Biobank, respectively. Through secondary data analysis of all GWAS summary data, we systematically screened genetic instrumental variables. To address the impact of horizontal pleiotropy, several methods were employed, including the inverse variance-weighted method (IVW), maximum likelihood method, Egger regression method, weighted median method, and simple median method. These approaches aimed to detect and correct for the potential bias caused by horizontal pleiotropy. Results: Genetically predicted DD did not have a causal effect on IBD (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.98-1.17, p = 0.15), and had no causal effect on UC (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.94-1.20, p = 0.36) and CD (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.92-1.16, p = 0.62) either. Furthermore, in the reverse MR analysis, we did not observe any significant causal effect of IBD on DD. Results of complementary methods showed consistent results with those of the IVW method. Conclusion: This study's findings do not provide evidence for a causal relationship between IBD and DD, which contradicts the majority of observational studies.},
}

@article {pmid38391336,
year = {2023},
author = {Shanmugasundaram, S and Gurusamy, U and Venkataswamy, C and Prabhakaran, VK},
title = {A rare association of non-IBD-related giant filiform polyposis and diverticular disease.},
journal = {Indian journal of pathology & microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_344_22},
pmid = {38391336},
issn = {0974-5130},
}

@article {pmid38369674,
year = {2024},
author = {Sabbagh, C and Beyer-Berjot, L and Ouaissi, M and Zerbib, P and Bridoux, V and Manceau, G and Karoui, M and Panis, Y and Buscail, E and Venara, A and Khaoudy, I and Gaillard, M and Ortega-Deballon, P and Viennet, M and Thobie, A and Menahem, B and Eveno, C and Bonnel, C and Mabrut, JY and Badic, B and Godet, C and Eid, Y and Duchalais, E and Lakkis, Z and Cotte, E and Laforest, A and Defourneaux, V and Maggiorri, L and Rebibo, L and Christou, N and Talal, A and Mege, D and Bonnamy, C and Germain, A and Mauvais, F and Tresallet, C and Ahmed, O and Regimbeau, JM and Roudie, J and Laurent, A and Trilling, B and Bertrand, M and Massalou, D and Romain, B and Tranchart, H and Giger, U and Dejardin, O and Pellegrin, A and Alves, A and , },
title = {Risk factors for severe morbidity and definitive stoma after elective surgery for sigmoid diverticulitis: a multicenter national cohort study.},
journal = {Techniques in coloproctology},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {34},
pmid = {38369674},
issn = {1128-045X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the decision to perform elective surgery, it is of great interest to have data about the outcomes of surgery to individualize patients who could safely undergo sigmoid resection. The aim of this study was to provide information on the outcomes of elective sigmoid resection for sigmoid diverticular disease (SDD) at a national level.

METHODS: All consecutive patients who had elective surgery for SDD (2010-2021) were included in this retrospective, multicenter, cohort study. Patients were identified from institutional review board-approved databases in French member centers of the French Surgical Association. The endpoints of the study were the early and the long-term postoperative outcomes and an evaluation of the risk factors for 90-day severe postoperative morbidity and a definitive stoma after an elective sigmoidectomy for SDD.

RESULTS: In total, 4617 patients were included. The median [IQR] age was 61 [18.0;100] years, the mean ± SD body mass index (BMI) was 26.8 ± 4 kg/m[2], and 2310 (50%) were men. The indications for surgery were complicated diverticulitis in 50% and smoldering diverticulitis in 47.4%. The procedures were performed laparoscopically for 88% and with an anastomosis for 83.8%. The severe complication rate on postoperative day 90 was 11.7%, with a risk of anastomotic leakage of 4.7%. The independent risk factors in multivariate analysis were an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥ 3, an open approach, and perioperative blood transfusion. Age, perioperative blood transfusion, and Hartmann's procedure were the three independent risk factors for a permanent stoma.

CONCLUSIONS: This series provides a real-life picture of elective sigmoidectomy for SDD at a national level.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Comité National Information et Liberté (CNIL) (n°920361).},
}

@article {pmid38344628,
year = {2024},
author = {Vigilante, N and Constantinescu, CS},
title = {Two Cases of Acute Diverticulitis Following Ocrelizumab Infusion in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e52032},
pmid = {38344628},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Ocrelizumab is an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody used to treat primary progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Several prior case reports have demonstrated colitis in association with ocrelizumab infusion, and one case report has shown ocrelizumab-associated diverticulitis. We report on two cases in which ocrelizumab treatment of multiple sclerosis was complicated by acute diverticulitis. A 50-year-old woman and a 41-year-old man, both with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, presented with acute abdominal pain. One patient had no known gastrointestinal history while the other had a history of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Both patients had received an ocrelizumab infusion one month prior to presentation. The woman underwent exploratory laparotomy, which revealed perforated sigmoid diverticulitis. The man was initially suspected of appendicitis and was treated with appendectomy, but a pathology review demonstrated diverticular disease in the appendix. In patients with multiple sclerosis on ocrelizumab, presentation with diverticulitis should include ocrelizumab-induced diverticulitis in the differential diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid38331045,
year = {2024},
author = {Troelsen, FS and Sørensen, HT and Erichsen, R},
title = {Risk of a post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer in patients with diverticular disease: A population-based cohort study.},
journal = {Endoscopy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1055/a-2264-8199},
pmid = {38331045},
issn = {1438-8812},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancers (PCCRCs) may account for up to 30% of all colorectal cancers (CRCs) diagnosed in patients with diverticular disease (DD); however, the absolute and relative risks of PCCRC among DD patients undergoing colonoscopy remain unknown.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a cohort study (1995-2015) including DD and non-DD patients undergoing colonoscopy. We calculated 7-36-month cumulative incidence proportions (CIPs) of PCCRC. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to compute hazard ratios (HRs) of PCCRC comparing DD with non-DD patients undergoing colonoscopy, as a measure of relative risk. Finally, we calculated 3-year PCCRC rates, as recommended by the World Endoscopy Organization, to estimate the proportion of DD and non-DD patients with CRC who experience a PCCRC. We stratified all analyses by site of PCCRC.

RESULTS: We observed 373 PCCRC cases among 56,642 DD patients and 1,536 PCCRC cases among 306,800 non-DD patients. The CIP of PCCRC after a first-time colonoscopy was 0.45% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.40%-0.51%) for DD patients and 0.36% (95% CI [0.34%-0.38%]) for non-DD patients. Comparing DD with non-DD patients, the adjusted HR of PCCRC after a first-time colonoscopy was 0.84 (95% CI [ 0.73-0.97]) while the corresponding HR of proximal PCCRCs was 1.23 (95% [CI: 1.01-1.50]). The 3-year PCCRC rate was 19.0% for DD patients (22% for proximal PCCRC location) and 6.5% for non-DD patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Although the absolute risk was low, the relative risk of proximal PCCRCs may be elevated in patients with DD undergoing colonoscopy compared with non-DD patients.},
}

@article {pmid38322683,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, YM and Xin, W and Liu, YF and Guan, ZM and Du, HW and Sun, NN and Liu, YD},
title = {Appendicitis combined with Meckel's diverticulum obstruction, perforation, and inflammation in children: Three case reports.},
journal = {World journal of clinical cases},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {865-871},
doi = {10.12998/wjcc.v12.i4.865},
pmid = {38322683},
issn = {2307-8960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Meckel's diverticulum is a common congenital malformation of the small intestine, with the three most common complications being obstruction, perforation, and inflammation. To date, only a few cases have been reported worldwide. In children, the clinical symptoms are similar to appendicitis. As most of the imaging features are nonspecific, the preoperative diagnosis is not precise. In addition, the clinical characteristics are highly similar to pediatric acute appendicitis, thus special attention is necessary to distinguish Meckel's diverticulum from pediatric appendicitis. Patients with poor disease control should undergo laparoscopic exploration to avoid serious complications, including intestinal necrosis, intestinal perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding.

CASE SUMMARY: This report presents three cases of appendicitis in children combined with intestinal obstruction, which was caused by fibrous bands (ligaments) arising from the top part of Meckel's diverticulum, diverticular perforation, and diverticular inflammation. All three patients, aged 11-12 years, had acute appendicitis as their initial clinical presentation. All were treated by laparoscopic surgery with a favorable outcome. A complete dataset including clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, surgical information, and histopathologic findings was also provided.

CONCLUSION: Preoperative diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum and its complications is challenging because its clinical signs and complications are similar to those of appendicitis in children. Laparoscopy combined with laparotomy is useful for diagnosis and treatment.},
}

@article {pmid38283500,
year = {2023},
author = {Tan, YR and Lee, JCS and A Sivarajah, SS and Chong, CXZ and Chua, HL and Bhutia, K},
title = {Colovaginal Fistula: An Uncommon Complication After Vaginal Hysterectomy and Pelvic Floor Repair With Mesh Surgery.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {e51221},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.51221},
pmid = {38283500},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {A colovaginal fistula (CVF) is an abnormal epithelialized connection between the colon and the vagina. It is a rare complication following gynaecology surgery and can significantly affect patients' quality of life. CVFs are commonly associated with diverticular disease and are usually seen in patients with a previous hysterectomy. We report an uncommon case of postsurgical CVF following vaginal hysterectomy with mesh-augmented pelvic floor repair, which was unrelated to diverticulitis. The patient was successfully managed by a multidisciplinary team with staged surgery.},
}

@article {pmid38273097,
year = {2024},
author = {Lippenberger, F and Ziegelmayer, S and Berlet, M and Feussner, H and Makowski, M and Neumann, PA and Graf, M and Kaissis, G and Wilhelm, D and Braren, R and Reischl, S},
title = {Development of an image-based Random Forest classifier for prediction of surgery duration of laparoscopic sigmoid resections.},
journal = {International journal of colorectal disease},
volume = {39},
number = {1},
pages = {21},
pmid = {38273097},
issn = {1432-1262},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Sigmoid diverticulitis is a disease with a high socioeconomic burden, accounting for a high number of left-sided colonic resections worldwide. Modern surgical scheduling relies on accurate prediction of operation times to enhance patient care and optimize healthcare resources. This study aims to develop a predictive model for surgery duration in laparoscopic sigmoid resections, based on preoperative CT biometric and demographic patient data.

METHODS: This retrospective single-center cohort study included 85 patients who underwent laparoscopic sigmoid resection for diverticular disease. Potentially relevant procedure-specific anatomical parameters recommended by a surgical expert were measured in preoperative CT imaging. After random split into training and test set (75% / 25%) multiclass logistic regression was performed and a Random Forest classifier was trained on CT imaging parameters, patient age, and sex in the training cohort to predict categorized surgery duration. The models were evaluated in the test cohort using established performance metrics including receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (AUROC).

RESULTS: The Random Forest model achieved a good average AUROC of 0.78. It allowed a very good prediction of long (AUROC = 0.89; specificity 0.71; sensitivity 1.0) and short (AUROC = 0.81; specificity 0.77; sensitivity 0.56) procedures. It clearly outperformed the multiclass logistic regression model (AUROC: average = 0.33; short = 0.31; long = 0.22).

CONCLUSION: A Random Forest classifier trained on demographic and CT imaging biometric patient data could predict procedure duration outliers of laparoscopic sigmoid resections. Pending validation in a multicenter study, this approach could potentially improve procedure scheduling in visceral surgery and be scaled to other procedures.},
}

@article {pmid38250215,
year = {2024},
author = {Jaber, F and Alsakarneh, S and Alsharaeh, T and Salahat, AJ and Elfert, K and Beran, A and Gangwani, MK and Abboud, Y and Al-Sayyed, L and Madi, MY and Jaber, M and Dahiya, DS and Numan, L and Duong, N},
title = {[Not Available].},
journal = {Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {101319},
pmid = {38250215},
issn = {0973-6883},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A gastrointestinal (GI) variant of Lemierre's syndrome (LS) involving Fusobacterium species causing pylephlebitis and possibly liver abscesses was recently identified. This systematic review aims to summarize the literature on this variant.

METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched up to November, 2nd, 2023 for case reports or case series detailing the GI variant of LS. Data regarding demographics, clinical features, and management were extracted. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis, including means, standard deviations, and percentages.

RESULTS: The cohort included 36 patients (mean age 50.8 years; predominantly men 72%). Positive blood cultures were detected in 88.8% of cases, primarily growing Fusobacterium nucleatum (47.2%) and Fusobacterium necrophorum (33.3%). The GI tract was the primary infection source (58.3%), mostly related to diverticular disease (25%). Common manifestations were fever (86.1%), abdominal pain (72.2%), and leukocytosis (86.1%). Thrombosis involved the portal vein in 77.7%, with isolated portal vein thrombosis (PVT) (44.4%) and PVT extending to the superior mesenteric vein (30.5%). Liver abscesses were detected in 50% of cases, with positive aspirate cultures in 92.3%. Treatment included penicillin/penicillin-lactamase inhibitors alone (17%) and ertapenem alone (17%). Abscess drainage (13/18) resulted in complete/near-complete resolution in 83%. Long-term anticoagulation therapy was given in 75% of cases, commonly using vitamin K antagonists (59.2%). No deaths occurred.

CONCLUSION: The GI variant of LS should be considered in patients with abdominal pain, fever, leukocytosis, and portal/superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. Identifying Fusobacterium species in blood cultures and liver abscesses further supports the diagnosis. Management involves antibiotic therapy, abscess drainage, and long-term anticoagulation.},
}

@article {pmid38217679,
year = {2024},
author = {Ferent, IC and Lauro, A and Rinaldi, V and Frattaroli, S and Varanese, M and Saullo, P and Caronna, R},
title = {Treating a Bypass with Bypass Surgery: Repair of a Duodeno-sigmoid Fistula Complicating Acute Diverticulitis.},
journal = {Digestive diseases and sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38217679},
issn = {1573-2568},
abstract = {Diverticular disease is common in Western countries; one-third of patients with diverticular disease develop diverticulitis during their lifetime of whom 5% may experience serious complications. We describe a rare complication of diverticulitis: a duodeno-colic fistula in a patient with an elongated sigmoid colon (dolicosigma). The patient complained of abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and feculent vomiting. Radiological studies and gastroscopy demonstrated a fistula between the second portion of the duodenum and the sigmoid colon. Curative surgery cured the fistula and completely resolved its associated signs and symptoms.},
}

@article {pmid38199235,
year = {2024},
author = {Dahl, SA and Horváth-Puhó, E and Henderson, VW and Erichsen, R and Sørensen, HT},
title = {Diverticular disease and risk of dementia: a Danish population-based cohort study.},
journal = {Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jgh.16465},
pmid = {38199235},
issn = {1440-1746},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Patients with diverticular disease (DD) have ongoing chronic inflammation associated with changes in the gut microbiome, which might contribute to the development of dementia.

METHODS: Using Danish medical and administrative registries from 1980 to 2013, we conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study including all DD patients and a matched (5:1) general population comparison cohort without DD. A nested case-control analysis was then conducted using a risk set sampling, matching four DD controls without dementia to each DD patient with dementia. Clinical severity was categorized as uncomplicated DD (outpatient), conservatively treated DD (inpatient), and surgically treated DD.

RESULTS: 149 527 DD patients and 747 635 general population comparators were identified. The 30-year cumulative incidence of dementia among DD patients and general population comparators were 12.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.1-12.7) and 13.73% (95% CI 13.6-13.9), respectively. This corresponded to a 30-year hazard ratio (HR) of 1.10 (95% CI 1.1-1.1). The highest HRs were found in the conservatively treated DD group (1.15 95% CI 1.1-1.2) and the group with young onset of DD (1.52 95% CI 1.2-2.0). In the nested case-control analysis, we identified 8875 dementia cases and 35 491 matched controls. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for conservatively treated DD was increased (1.08, 95% CI; 1.0-1.2) compared to the reference of uncomplicated DD.

CONCLUSIONS: We observed a slight increased risk of dementia in patients with young onset DD and conservatively treated DD. Findings suggest an association between disease duration, perhaps reflecting the duration of gut inflammation, and the risk of developing dementia.},
}

@article {pmid38166334,
year = {2024},
author = {Fu, T and Sun, Y and Lu, S and Zhao, J and Dan, L and Shi, W and Chen, J and Chen, Y and Li, X},
title = {Risk Assessment for Gastrointestinal Diseases via Clinical Dimension and Genome-Wide Polygenic Risk Scores of Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.},
journal = {Diabetes care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2337/dc23-0978},
pmid = {38166334},
issn = {1935-5548},
support = {LR22H260001//Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Zhejiang Province/ ; 82204019//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate whether individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were at higher risk of developing a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases based on a population-based cohort study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study included 374,125 participants free of gastrointestinal disorders at baseline; of them, 19,719 (5.27%) with T2D were followed-up by linking to multiple medical records to record gastrointestinal disease diagnoses. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and CIs. Logistic models were used to examine the associations between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and clinical gastrointestinal phenotypes.

RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.0 years, we observed the new onset of 15 gastrointestinal diseases. Compared with nondiabetes, participants with T2D had an increased risk of gastritis and duodenitis (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.51-1.65), peptic ulcer (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.43-1.71), diverticular disease (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.14-1.24), pancreatitis (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.24-1.71), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (HR 2.46, 95% CI 2.25-2.69), liver cirrhosis (HR 2.92, 95% CI 2.58-3.30), biliary disease (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.10-1.26), gastrointestinal tract cancers (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17-1.40), and hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancer (HR 2.32, 95% CI 2.01-2.67). Positive associations of PRS of T2D with gastritis, duodenitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were also observed.

CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort study, we found that T2D was associated with increased risks of a wide range of gastrointestinal outcomes. We suggest the importance of early detection and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders among patients with T2D.},
}

@article {pmid38158721,
year = {2023},
author = {Alali, AA and Almadi, MA and Barkun, AN},
title = {Review article: Advances in the management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding.},
journal = {Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/apt.17859},
pmid = {38158721},
issn = {1365-2036},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a common emergency with substantial associated morbidity and mortality. Elective colonoscopy plays an essential role in management, with an even more important role for radiology in the acute setting. Recent advances in the management of patients with LGIB warrant review as the management has recently evolved.

AIMS: To provide a comprehensive and updated overview of advances in the approach to patients with LGIB METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search to examine the current data for this narrative review supplemented by expert opinion.

RESULTS: The incidence of LGIB is increasing worldwide, partly related to an ageing population and the increasing use of antithrombotics. Diverticulosis continues to be the most common aetiology of LGIB. Pre-endoscopic risk stratification tools, especially the Oakland score, can aid appropriate patient triage. Adequate resuscitation continues to form the basis of management, while appropriate management of antithrombotics is crucial to balance the risk of worsening bleeding against increased cardiovascular risk. Radiological imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of acute LGIB, especially among unstable patients. Colonoscopy remains the gold-standard test for the elective management of stable patients.

CONCLUSIONS: The management of LGIB has evolved significantly in recent years, with a shift towards radiological interventions for unstable patients while reserving elective colonoscopy for stable patients. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimise the outcomes of patients with LGIB.},
}

@article {pmid38147615,
year = {2023},
author = {Rusu, F and Caragut, RL and Lorena, MC and Leucuta, DC and Dumitrascu, DL},
title = {Microscopic Colitis: A Diagnostic Challenge in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome.},
journal = {Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {469-472},
doi = {10.15403/jgld-5025},
pmid = {38147615},
issn = {1842-1121},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the most frequently diagnosed gastrointestinal disease with a prevalence of 4.1% in the general population. It is diagnosed using the Rome IV criteria. Microscopic colitis (MC), collagenous/lymphocytic colitis is a cause of chronic, watery, non-bloody diarrhea. It is a real challenge to diagnose MC in patients with IBS. The aims of the study were to determine the prevalence of MC in patients initially diagnosed with IBS, as well as to correlate fecal calprotectin levels with the endoscopic findings and microscopic inflammation in MC.

METHODS: This is a retrospective study conducted in a single tertiary center with over 89 IBS patients for a period of 4 years. The patients included were patients diagnosed with IBS predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) and mixed IBS (IBS-M) using the Rome IV criteria. Total colonoscopy was performed in these patients, multiple biopsies being taken and calprotectin levels were measured.

RESULTS: Out of a total of 89 IBS-D patients, 58 patients (65.2%) had no microscopic lesions, 12 patients (13.5%) had diverticular disease, 9 patients (10.1%) had non-specific chronic inflammation of the colon mucosa and 10 patients (11.2%) were diagnosed with MC. The calprotectin levels ranged from 49 μg/g to 213 μg/g. Of a total of 10 patients diagnosed with MC, 6 (60%) of them had calprotectin levels <100 μg/g and 4 (40%) had calprotectin levels >100 μg/g. The fecal calprotectin levels were higher in patients diagnosed with MC compared to those who had no microscopic lesions at the histological exam and it was also correlated with the grade of colonic microscopic inflammation.

CONCLUSIONS: Microscopic colitis is less familiar to physicians and can be clinically misdiagnosed as IBS-D. An early and correct diagnosis is important for an accurate therapy.},
}

@article {pmid38132212,
year = {2023},
author = {Tiralongo, F and Di Pietro, S and Milazzo, D and Galioto, S and Castiglione, DG and Ini', C and Foti, PV and Mosconi, C and Giurazza, F and Venturini, M and Zanghi', GN and Palmucci, S and Basile, A},
title = {Acute Colonic Diverticulitis: CT Findings, Classifications, and a Proposal of a Structured Reporting Template.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {24},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics13243628},
pmid = {38132212},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Acute colonic diverticulitis (ACD) is the most common complication of diverticular disease and represents an abdominal emergency. It includes a variety of conditions, extending from localized diverticular inflammation to fecal peritonitis, hence the importance of an accurate diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis due to its high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and interobserver agreement. In fact, CE-CT allows alternative diagnoses to be excluded, the inflamed diverticulum to be localized, and complications to be identified. Imaging findings have been reviewed, dividing them into bowel and extra-intestinal wall findings. Moreover, CE-CT allows staging of the disease; the most used classifications of ACD severity are Hinchey's modified and WSES classifications. Differential diagnoses include colon carcinoma, epiploic appendagitis, ischemic colitis, appendicitis, infectious enterocolitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. We propose a structured reporting template to standardize the terminology and improve communication between specialists involved in patient care.},
}

@article {pmid38122959,
year = {2023},
author = {Gunby, SA and Ma, W and Levy, MJ and Giovannucci, EL and Chan, AT and Strate, LL},
title = {Smoking and alcohol consumption and risk of incident diverticulitis in women.},
journal = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cgh.2023.11.036},
pmid = {38122959},
issn = {1542-7714},
abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Much of what is known about the effects of alcohol and tobacco use on diverticular disease derives from studies of asymptomatic diverticulosis or complicated diverticulitis. We examined smoking and alcohol consumption and risk of incident diverticulitis in a large cohort of women.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 84,232 women in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II) who were 39-52 years old and without known diverticulitis at baseline in 2003. Smoking was ascertained every 2 years and alcohol use every 4 years. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: During 1,139,660 person-years of follow up, we identified 3,018 incident cases of diverticulitis. After adjustment for other risk factors, current (HR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.04-1.39) and past smoking (HR 1.20; 95% CI, 1.11-1.30) were associated with increased risk of diverticulitis when compared to never smokers. Women who consumed ≥30 g/d of alcohol had a multivariate HR of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05-1.50) when compared to women who did not drink. A joint analysis of smoking and alcohol found that individuals who ever smoked and consumed ≥30 g/d of alcohol were at highest risk of diverticulitis (multivariate HR 1.53; 95% CI, 1.22-1.91), compared to participants who never smoked and reported no alcohol use.

CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective study of women, smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with an increased risk of incident diverticulitis. These data highlight additional modifiable risk factors for diverticulitis that may aid in prevention.},
}

@article {pmid38109927,
year = {2023},
author = {Pham, TD and Larach, T and Othman, B and Rajkomar, A and Heriot, AG and Warrier, SK and Smart, P},
title = {Robotic natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) for anterior resection.},
journal = {Annals of coloproctology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3393/ac.2022.00458.0065},
pmid = {38109927},
issn = {2287-9714},
abstract = {Minimally invasive colorectal surgery is currently well-accepted, with open techniques being reserved for very difficult cases. Laparoscopic colectomy has been proven to have lower mortality, complication, and ostomy rates; a shorter median length of stay; and lower overall costs when compared to its open counterpart. This trend is seen in both benign and malignant indications. Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) in colorectal surgery was first described in the early 1990s. Three recent meta-analyses comparing transabdominal extraction against NOSES concluded that NOSES was superior in terms of overall postoperative complications, recovery of gastrointestinal function, postoperative pain, aesthetics, and hospital stay. However, NOSES was associated with a longer operative time. Herein, we present our technique of robotic NOSES anterior resection using the da Vinci Xi platform in diverticular disease and sigmoid colon cancers.},
}

@article {pmid38106770,
year = {2023},
author = {Silva, MM and Costa, AB and Baptista, CE},
title = {A Rare Case of Recurrent Cystitis in a Primary Care Setting.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {e48914},
pmid = {38106770},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Uncomplicated cystitis is common in women and typically presents with symptoms such as increased urinary frequency, dysuria, suprapubic pain, and urgency. Escherichia coli is the most frequently identified pathogen in these cases. Colovesical fistulas constitute an uncommon etiology of recurrent urinary tract infections, and they are even rarer in women due to the protective barrier provided by the uterus. Faecaluria and pneumaturia are the pathognomonic symptoms of these types of fistulas that help differentiate them from recurrent cystitis. While the gold standard imaging is the abdominopelvic CT scan, in some instances, MRI may be necessary to identify fistulous tracts. This case report describes a scenario of recurrent urinary tract infection caused by a colovesical fistula, in a woman with a history of diverticular disease. In contrast to uncomplicated recurrent cystitis, the treatment of the fistula is surgical. The aim of this article is to raise awareness of this potential and rare cause of recurrent urinary tract infection encountered in a primary healthcare setting, in order to prevent the prescription of multiple cycles of ineffective antibiotic therapy in these patients and the consequent development of antimicrobial resistance, a global public health issue. Our intention is to alert general practitioners about the diagnosis of a rare cause of recurrent cystitis, the treatment of which is surgical and warrants referral to secondary care.},
}

@article {pmid38096878,
year = {2023},
author = {Senejoa, N and González-Ausique, PS and Enamorado-Enciso, N},
title = {Sigmoid volvulus and descending colon adenocarcinoma, a double cause of intestinal obstruction: a case report.},
journal = {Cirugia y cirujanos},
volume = {91},
number = {6},
pages = {839-843},
doi = {10.24875/CIRU.22000179},
pmid = {38096878},
issn = {2444-054X},
abstract = {Large bowel obstruction is caused by colorectal cancer, diverticular disease or volvulus. The latter is caused by rotation of the intestinal loop on its own mesenteric axis, and occurs in the sigmoid colon (80%) and in the cecum (15-20%) Its management includes devolution by colonoscopy or surgery. Malignant bowel obstruction is the initial presentation in 7-29% of colorectal cancer, and its optimal treatment is controversial. We describe a clinical case of a double obstructive lesion and its surgical approach, an unusual presentation that poses a diagnostic and medical-surgical management challenge.},
}

@article {pmid38090132,
year = {2023},
author = {Stefanou, CK and Gkogkos, S and Flindris, S and Paxinos, AK and Tsiantis, T and Oikonomou, P and Tepelenis, K and Stefanou, SK},
title = {Colovesical Fistula due to Sigmoid Diverticulitis.},
journal = {Case reports in surgery},
volume = {2023},
number = {},
pages = {8835222},
doi = {10.1155/2023/8835222},
pmid = {38090132},
issn = {2090-6900},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The incidence of colonic diverticulosis has risen significantly. Diverticular disease is the most frequent cause of colovesical fistulas, which are uncommon complications of diverticulitis. Clinical signs, such as fecaluria and pneumaturia, are typically required to confirm its presence. Finding the cause of the disease so that the proper therapy can be started is the primary goal of a diagnostic workup rather than observing the fistula tract itself. Case Presentation. We present a 43-year-old man complaining of frequent urinary tract infections for six months. On CT abdomen and pelvis, a colovesical fistula was diagnosed. Surgery was performed, and after the division between the sigmoid colon and the bladder, a sigmoidectomy and an end-to-end colorectal anastomosis were performed. During the surgery, the fistula tract was not detected. The patient was discharged in excellent condition on day six, and the catheter was removed on day 10.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, as in our case, any patient with a urinary tract infection should be suspected of having this condition, especially if he has persistent symptoms that have not responded to standard medical care. Patients who present with fecaluria, pneumaturia, and other specific symptoms of a colovesicular fistula do not necessarily need a barium enema or cystography to confirm the presence of the fistula.},
}

@article {pmid38068390,
year = {2023},
author = {Hu, WH and Eisenstein, S and Parry, L and Ramamoorthy, S},
title = {Risk Factors Associated with Postoperative Outcomes in Diverticular Disease Undergoing Elective Colectomy-A Retrospective Cohort Study from the ACS-NSQIP Database.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {23},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm12237338},
pmid = {38068390},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Recommendations for elective colectomies after recovery from uncomplicated acute diverticulitis should be individualized. The kinds of associated risk factors that should be considered for this approach remain undetermined. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with postoperative outcomes in patients with diverticular disease after receiving an elective colectomy. This is a retrospective study using the multi-institutional, nationally validated database of the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP). The patients who were diagnosed with diverticular disease and received an elective colectomy were included in our risk factor analyses. Postoperative mortality, morbidity, and overall complications were measured. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to demonstrate the risk factors. We analyzed 30,468 patients with diverticular disease, 67% of whom received an elective colectomy. The rate of 30-day mortality was 0.2%, and superficial surgical site infection was the most common postoperative morbidity (7.2%) in the elective colectomies. The independent risk factors associated with overall complications were age ≥ 75, BMI ≥ 30, smoking status, dyspnea, hypertension, current kidney dialysis, chronic steroid use, ASA III, and open colectomy. In laparoscopic colectomy, 67.5% of the elective colectomies, the associated risk factors associated with overall complications still included age ≥ 75, smoking, hypertension, chronic steroid use, and ASA III. Identification of patient-specific risk factors may inform the decision-making process for elective colectomy and reduce the postoperative complications after mitigation of those risk factors.},
}

@article {pmid38065539,
year = {2023},
author = {Schmidbauer, M and Levers, A and Wacker, FK and Ringe, KI},
title = {Classification of Diverticular Disease (CDD) - assessment of the intra- and interobserver agreement in abdominal CT scans.},
journal = {RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1055/a-2203-3144},
pmid = {38065539},
issn = {1438-9010},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Along with ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) is one of the imaging modalities of choice in patients with suspected diverticular disease (DD). Recently, a newer Classification of Diverticular Disease (CDD) has been proposed. However, its reliability in daily radiological practice has never been proven. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the intra- and interobserver agreement of the CDD in abdominal CT scans.

METHODS:  In this retrospective study, 481 CT scans of patients with suspected DD were included. Two readers (one board-certified radiologist with 6 years of experience, one 3 rd year radiology resident) individually evaluated all CTs in two reading sessions using the CDD. A composite endpoint of a prior consensus reading, follow-up, and intraoperative findings served as the reference. Intra- and interobserver agreement were calculated using Cohen-k statistic.

RESULTS:  DD was present in 317 cases (66 %), mostly classified as CDD stage 0, 1b, and 2a (28 %, 30 %, und 14 %). Intraobserver agreement was almost perfect for both readers (kappa 0.93 and 0.88). Interobserver agreement was high and improved from substantial (kappa 0.77) in the first reading session to almost perfect (kappa 0.84) in the second reading session. The interobserver agreement was best for CDD types 0 (diverticulosis) and 2c (free perforated diverticulitis) (mean kappa 0.83 and 0.86) and poorest for CDD types 1a (diverticulitis without phlegmon) and 2b (covered diverticulitis with macroabscess) (mean kappa 0.17 and 0.38). Intra- and interobserver agreement of acute uncomplicated (CDD type 1) and acute complicated diverticulitis (CDD type 2) were substantial to almost perfect (mean kappa 0.63-0.86). Agreement with the reference was almost perfect for both observers (mean kappa 0.86 and 0.82). Administration of rectal contrast did not significantly improve the diagnosis.

CONCLUSION:  The CDD is a classification based on relatively clear imaging characteristics, which can be readily applied by radiologists with different expertise. In our study, the CDD had a high intra- and interobserver agreement, enabling a reliable therapy-related categorization of DD.

KEY POINTS:   · The Classification of Diverticular Disease (CDD) is an easy-to-use classification for diverticular disease based on relatively clear image features.. · The CDD can be applied equally by radiologists with different levels of experience in the clinical routine.. · The high intra- and interobserver agreement indicates high reliability in the therapy-relevant classification of diverticulitis on CT..},
}

@article {pmid38050373,
year = {2023},
author = {Kelley, JK and Kelly, K and Reed, C and Winkler, N and Parker, J and Ogilvie, J},
title = {Does Hispanic ethnicity play a role in outcomes for diverticular surgery in the USA?.},
journal = {BMJ open gastroenterology},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001215},
pmid = {38050373},
issn = {2054-4774},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate whether origins of ethnicity affect the outcomes of surgery for diverticulitis in the USA.

DESIGN: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Programme database from 2008 to 2017 was used to identify patients undergoing colectomy for diverticulitis. Patient demographics, comorbidities, procedural details and outcomes were captured and compared by ethnicity status.

RESULTS: A total of 375 311 surgeries for diverticulitis were included in the final analysis. The average age of patients undergoing surgery for diverticulitis remained consistent over the time frame of the study (62 years), although the percentage of younger patients (age 18-39 years) rose slightly from 7.8% in 2008 to 8.6% in 2017. The percentage of surgical patients with Hispanic ethnicity increased from 3.7% in 2008 to 6.6% of patients in 2017. Hispanic patients were younger than their non-Hispanic counterparts (57 years vs 62 years, p<0.01) at time of surgery. There were statistically significant differences in the proportion of laparoscopic cases (51% vs 49%, p<0.01), elective cases (62% vs 66%, p<0.01) and the unadjusted rate of postoperative mortality (2.8% vs 3.4%, p<0.01) between Hispanic patients compared with non-Hispanic patients, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models did not identify Hispanic ethnicity as a significant predictor for increased morbidity (p=0.13) or mortality (p=0.80).

CONCLUSION: Despite a significant younger population undergoing surgery for diverticulitis, Hispanic ethnicity was not associated with increased rates of emergent surgery, open surgery or postoperative complications compared with a similar non-Hispanic population.},
}

@article {pmid38040936,
year = {2023},
author = {Gil, C and Beyer-Bergeot, L and Sabbagh, C and Zerbib, P and Bridoux, V and Manceau, G and Panis, Y and Buscail, E and Venara, A and Khaoudy, I and Gaillard, M and Viennet, M and Thobie, A and Menahem, B and Eveno, C and Bonnel, C and Mabrut, JY and Badic, B and Godet, C and Eid, Y and Duchalais, E and Lakkis, Z and Cotte, E and Laforest, A and Defourneaux, V and Maggiori, L and Rebibo, L and Christou, N and Talal, A and Mege, D and Bonnamy, C and Germain, A and Mauvais, F and Tresallet, C and Roudie, J and Laurent, A and Trilling, B and Bertrand, M and Massalou, D and Romain, B and Tranchart, H and Giger, U and Alves, A and Ouaissi, M and , },
title = {Impact of the first wave of COVID-19 epidemy on the surgical management of sigmoid diverticular disease in France: National French retrospective study.},
journal = {International journal of colorectal disease},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {276},
pmid = {38040936},
issn = {1432-1262},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyze the surgical management of sigmoid diverticular disease (SDD) before, during, and after the first containment rules (CR) for the first wave of COVID-19.

METHODS: From the French Surgical Association multicenter series, this study included all patients operated on between January 2018 and September 2021. Three groups were compared: A (before CR period: 01/01/18-03/16/20), B (CR period: 03/17/20-05/03/20), and C (post CR period: 05/04/20-09/30/21).

RESULTS: A total of 1965 patients (A n = 1517, B n = 52, C n = 396) were included. The A group had significantly more previous SDD compared to the two other groups (p = 0.007), especially complicated (p = 0.0004). The rate of peritonitis was significantly higher in the B (46.1%) and C (38.4%) groups compared to the A group (31.7%) (p = 0.034 and p = 0.014). As regards surgical treatment, Hartmann's procedure was more often performed in the B group (44.2%, vs A 25.5% and C 26.8%, p = 0.01). Mortality at 90 days was significantly higher in the B group (9.6%, vs A 4% and C 6.3%, p = 0.034). This difference was also significant between the A and B groups (p = 0.048), as well as between the A and C groups (p = 0.05). There was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of postoperative morbidity.

CONCLUSION: This study shows that the management of SDD was impacted by COVID-19 at CR, but also after and until September 2021, both on the initial clinical presentation and on postoperative mortality.},
}

@article {pmid38012092,
year = {2023},
author = {Jono, T and Kasai, Y and Kessoku, T and Ogata, T and Tanaka, K and Yoshihara, T and Misawa, N and Kato, S and Higurashi, T and Hosono, K and Yoneda, M and Seita, K and Kato, T and Sakai, E and Kurihashi, T and Nakatogawa, M and Oyamada, S and Futagami, S and Gwee, KA and Nakajima, A},
title = {The Prevalence and Characteristics of Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease Among Asian Patients With Unexplained Abdominal Symptoms.},
journal = {Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.5056/jnm22162},
pmid = {38012092},
issn = {2093-0879},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: The precise incidence of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) and its effects on the quality of life (QOL) remain unclear, particularly in Asian patients with right-sided SUDD. We assess the prevalence of SUDD and its impact on QOL in a real-world population.

METHODS: Five institutional cohorts of patients who received outpatient treatment for unexplained abdominal symptoms from January 15, 2020 to March 31, 2022, were included. All patients underwent colonoscopy. SUDD was defined as the presence of recurrent abdominal symptoms, particularly pain in the lower right or left quadrant lasting > 24 hours in patients with diverticulosis at the site of pain. The 36-item short-form health survey was used to assess QOL.

RESULTS: Diverticula were identified in 108 of 361 patients. Among these 108 patients, 31% had SUDD, which was right-sided in 39% of cases. Of the 50 patients with right-sided diverticula, 36% had SUDD, as did 15 of 35 patients with left-sided diverticula (43%). Among the 33 patients with SUDD, diverticula were right-sided, left-sided, and bilateral in 39%, 45%, and 15% of patients, respectively. Diarrhea was more frequent in the SUDD group than in the non-SUDD group. Patients with SUDD had significantly lower physical, mental, and role/social component scores than those without SUDD.

CONCLUSIONS: It is important to recognize that patients with SUDD account for as high as 31% of outpatients with unexplained abdominal symptoms; these patients have diarrhea and a low QOL. The presence of right-sided SUDD was characteristic of Asian patients.},
}

@article {pmid37962086,
year = {2023},
author = {McClintock, S and Stupart, D and Hoh, SM and Redden, AM and Schultz, B and Robertson, A and Moore, E and Pollard, J and Guest, G and Watters, D},
title = {Oral versus intravenous antibiotics in the treatment of uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis: results of a randomized non-inferiority control trial.},
journal = {ANZ journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ans.18768},
pmid = {37962086},
issn = {1445-2197},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Colonic diverticular disease is common and its incidence increases with age, with uncomplicated diverticulitis being the most common acute presentation (1). This typically results in inpatient admission, placing a significant burden on healthcare services (2). We aimed to determine the safety and effectiveness of using intravenous or oral antibiotics in the treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis on 30-day unplanned admissions, c-reactive protein (CRP), White Cell Count (WCC), pain resolution, cessation of pain medication, return to normal nutrition, and return to normal bowel function.

METHODS: This single centre, 2-arm, parallel, 1:1, unblinded non-inferiority randomized controlled trial compared the safety and efficacy of oral antibiotics versus intravenous antibiotics in the outpatient treatment of uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis. Inclusion criteria were patients older than 18 years of age with CT proven acute uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis (Modified Hinchey Classification Stage 0-1a). Patients were randomly allocated receive either intravenous or oral antibiotics, both groups being treated in the outpatient setting with a Hospital in the Home (HITH) service. The primary outcome was the 30-day unplanned admission rate, secondary outcomes were biochemical markers, time to pain resolution, time to cessation of pain medication, time to return to normal function and time to return to normal bowel function.

RESULTS: In total 118 patients who presented with uncomplicated colonic diverticulitis were recruited into the trial. Fifty-eight participants were treated with IV antibiotics, and 60 were given oral antibiotics. We found there was no significant difference between groups with regards to 30-day unplanned admissions or inflammatory markers. There was also no significant difference with regards to time to pain resolution, cessation of pain medication use, return to normal nutrition, or return to normal bowel function.

CONCLUSION: Outpatient management of uncomplicated diverticulitis with oral antibiotics proved equally as safe and efficacious as intravenous antibiotic treatment in this randomized non-inferiority control trial.},
}

@article {pmid37938045,
year = {2023},
author = {Clark, M and Nann, S and Kong, J and Barker, T},
title = {Effectiveness of NOTES versus traditional techniques on surgical outcomes in adults with diverticulitis: a systematic review protocol.},
journal = {JBI evidence synthesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.11124/JBIES-23-00324},
pmid = {37938045},
issn = {2689-8381},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This review will evaluate the effectiveness of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)/hybrid NOTES versus traditional surgical techniques in the management of diverticular disease.

INTRODUCTION: Diverticular disease can have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life, especially the changes affecting bowel function. Recurrent/severe symptoms may require surgery. Resections are invasive and can have significant operative complications. There has been a shift from an open resection to a more minimally invasive technique such as laparoscopy. Furthermore, the use of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic resection, using a transanal/transvaginal approach, has begun to be used in colorectal resections.

INCLUSION CRITERIA: Eligible studies will include patients who underwent surgical resection for diverticular disease or diverticulitis. The review will consider studies that evaluate NOTES in the management of diverticular disease or diverticulitis. This will include hybrid procedures involving both NOTES and natural orifice specimen extraction (NOSE), with the aid of laparoscopy/endoscopy/robotic equipment. Studies on participants under 18 years of age and presenting with non-diverticular pathologies will be excluded.

METHODS: This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Databases to be searched will include PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ANZCTR, with no language limitations. The reference lists of included studies will be screened for additional studies. This review will preferentially consider experimental and quasi-experimental study designs. Two reviewers will conduct critical appraisal and data extraction. Studies will, where possible, be pooled in statistical meta-analyses.

PROSPERO CRD42023420771.},
}

@article {pmid37936435,
year = {2023},
author = {Mahmood, MW and Schmidt, PT and Olén, O and Hellsing, C and Hjern, F and Abraham-Nordling, M},
title = {Identification of diverticular disease in Swedish healthcare registers: a validation study.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1080/00365521.2023.2278422},
pmid = {37936435},
issn = {1502-7708},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The Swedish National Patient Register (SNPR) is frequently used in studies of colonic diverticular disease (DD). Despite this, the validity of the coding for this specific disease in the register has not been studied.

METHODS: From SNPR, 650 admissions were randomly identified encoded with ICD 10, K572-K579. From the years 2002 and 2010, 323 and 327 patients respectively were included in the validation study. Patients were excluded prior to, or up to 2 years after a diagnosis with IBD, Celiac disease, IBS, all forms of colorectal cancer (primary and secondary), and anal cancer. Medical records were collected and data on clinical findings with assessments, X-ray examinations, endoscopies and laboratory results were reviewed. The basis of coding was compared with internationally accepted definitions for colonic diverticular disease. Positive predictive values (PPV) were calculated.

RESULTS: The overall PPV for all diagnoses and both years was 95% (95% CI: 93-96). The PPV for the year 2010 was slightly higher 98% (95% CI: 95-99) than in the year 2002, 91% (95% CI: (87-94) which may be due to the increasing use of computed tomography (CT).

CONCLUSION: The validity of DD in SNPR is high, making the SNPR a good source for population-based studies on DD.},
}

@article {pmid37927949,
year = {2024},
author = {Gonai, T and Toya, Y and Kudara, N and Abe, K and Sawaguchi, S and Fujiwara, T and Eizuka, M and Hirai, M and Miura, M and Urushikubo, J and Yamada, S and Kumei, T and Yamaguchi, S and Sugai, K and Asakura, K and Orikasa, S and Matsumoto, T},
title = {Is bowel preparation necessary for early colonoscopy in patients with suspected colonic diverticular bleeding?: A multicenter retrospective study with propensity score matching analysis.},
journal = {DEN open},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {e311},
pmid = {37927949},
issn = {2692-4609},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: There are few reports on bowel preparation for early colonoscopy in patients with suspected colonic diverticular bleeding (CDB). We aim to clarify in a retrospective, multicenter study.

METHODS: In a multicenter retrospective cohort study at 10 institutions, we analyzed clinical features of patients diagnosed with CDB, who underwent early colonoscopy within 24 h. We compared patients who were prepared with polyethylene glycol lavage (PEL) and those without PEL. We evaluated the effects of PEL for early colonoscopy in patients with suspected CDB.

RESULTS: A total of 129 (53%) underwent under preparation with PEL and 113 patients without PEL. The PEL group was younger, had fewer comorbidities, and had better performance status. After adjusting for these variables with propensity score matching, the PEL group had a significantly shorter hospital stay (7.9 ± 4.7 vs. 10.1 ± 5.2 days; p = 0.001), and a higher cecal intubation rate (91.1% vs. 50.0%; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in adverse event rates, identification of stigmata of recent hemorrhage, or frequency in endoscopic hemostatic treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: PEL may be preferred for early colonoscopy in patients suspected of having CDB.},
}

@article {pmid37918457,
year = {2023},
author = {Yuan, S and Dan, L and Zhang, Y and Wu, J and Zhao, J and Kivipelto, M and Chen, J and Ludvigsson, JF and Li, X and Larsson, SC},
title = {Gastrointestinal Diseases, Genetic Risk, and Incident Dementia: A Prospective Cohort Study in 352,463 Middle-Aged Adults.},
journal = {American journal of preventive medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2023.10.017},
pmid = {37918457},
issn = {1873-2607},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Although digestive system disease affects gut microbiota and their metabolites associated with dementia risk, the association between digestive system diseases and incident dementia has not yet been established.

METHODS: This cohort analysis included 458,181 participants free of baseline dementia in the UK Biobank (2006-2021). The associations of fourteen digestive system diseases with dementia incidence were examined in 2022 using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Analyses were performed to differentiate the associations for early- (< 65 years) and late-onset (≥ 65 years) dementia. Interaction and stratification analyses were performed for polygenic risk score (RPS), and apolipoprotein E (APOE).

RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 6415 incident dementia cases were diagnosed. Eleven digestive system diseases showed significant associations with an increased risk of dementia after controlling for covariates and multiple testing. Compared to individuals without digestive system diseases, the hazard ratios of dementia increased from 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.09-1.23) for patients with intestinal diverticular disease to 2.31 (95% confidence interval 1.98-2.70) for patients with cirrhosis. The associations were different between certain digestive system diseases and dementia by onset age. The associations appeared to be stronger for cirrhosis (Q = 0.001), irritable bowel syndrome (Q < 0.001), gastritis and duodenitis (Q =0.002), gastroesophageal reflux disease (Q < 0.001), ulcerative colitis (Q=0.047), gallbladder disease (Q=0.012) and peptic ulcer (Q = 0.030) with early-onset dementia. There were no interactions for PRS or APOE (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest an increased need for dementia prevention among patients with digestive system diseases.},
}

@article {pmid37901605,
year = {2023},
author = {Mansour, MR and Kessler, SA and Khreisat, A and Skrzynski, JK},
title = {Asymptomatic colo-ovarian fistula amidst acute psychosis: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of surgical case reports},
volume = {2023},
number = {10},
pages = {rjad525},
pmid = {37901605},
issn = {2042-8812},
abstract = {This paper presents a rare case of an asymptomatic colo-ovarian fistula in a 45-year-old female with acute psychosis and a history of bipolar disorder, seizure disorder and substance misuse. The intricate diagnostic challenges arising from the patient's complex medical history underscore the significance of a multidisciplinary approach. The absence of typical gastrointestinal symptoms and the presence of a tubo-ovarian abscess complicated the diagnosis of acute on chronic sigmoid diverticulitis and colo-ovarian fistula. Surgical intervention, including sigmoid resection, anastomosis and left salpingo-oophorectomy, led to successful resolution. This case highlights the need for further understanding of colo-ovarian fistula pathophysiology, improved diagnostic strategies, and the nuanced interplay between medical and psychiatric conditions in complex clinical scenarios.},
}

@article {pmid37891452,
year = {2023},
author = {Santacroce, G and Lenti, MV and Abruzzese, GM and Alunno, G and Di Terlizzi, F and Frenna, C and Gentile, A and Latorre, MA and Petrucci, C and Ruggeri, D and Soriano, S and Aronico, N and Rossi, CM and De Silvestri, A and Corazza, GR and Di Sabatino, A},
title = {Diagnostic delay in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease: an Italian tertiary referral centre study.},
journal = {Internal and emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37891452},
issn = {1970-9366},
abstract = {The magnitude of the diagnostic delay of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD) is unknown; we aimed to evaluate SUDD diagnostic delay and its risk factors. SUDD patients diagnosed at a tertiary referral centre were retrospectively enrolled (2010-2022). Demographic and clinical data were retrieved. Overall, patient-, and physician-dependant diagnostic delays were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were fitted to identify risk factors for diagnostic delay. Overall, 70 SUDD patients (median age 65 years, IQR 52-74; F:M ratio = 1.6:1) were assessed. The median overall diagnostic delay was 7 months (IQR 2-24), patient-dependant delay was 3 months (IQR 0-15), and physician-dependant delay was 1 month (IQR 0-6). Further, 25% of patients were misdiagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). At multivariate analysis, previous misdiagnosis was a significant risk factor for overall and physician-dependant diagnostic delay (OR 9.99, p = 0.01, and OR 6.46, p = 0.02, respectively). Also, a high educational level (> 13 years) was associated with a greater overall diagnostic delay (OR 8.74 p = 0.02), while previous abdominal surgery was significantly associated to reduced physician-dependant diagnostic delay (OR 0.19 p = 0.04). To conclude, SUDD may be diagnosed late, IBS being the most frequent misdiagnosis. Timely diagnosis is crucial to tackle the burden of SUDD on patients and healthcare.},
}

@article {pmid37889999,
year = {2023},
author = {McKechnie, T and Yang, S and Wu, K and Sharma, S and Lee, Y and Park, L and Passos, E and Doumouras, A and Hong, D and Parpia, S and Bhandari, M and Eskicioglu, C},
title = {Fragility of Statistically Significant Outcomes in Colonic Diverticular Disease Randomized Trials: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Diseases of the colon and rectum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/DCR.0000000000003014},
pmid = {37889999},
issn = {1530-0358},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The p value has been criticized for an oversimplified determination of whether a treatment effect exists. One alternative is the fragility index. It is a representation of the minimum number of non-events that would need to be converted to events to increase the p value above 0.05.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the fragility index of randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of interventions for patients with diverticular disease since 2010 to assess the robustness of current evidence.

DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to August 2022.

STUDY SELECTION: Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were randomized trials conducted between 2010 and 2022 with parallel, superiority designs evaluating interventions in patients with diverticular disease. Only randomized trials with dichotomous primary outcomes with an associated p-value of less than 0.05 were considered for inclusion.

INTERVENTIONS: Any surgical or medical intervention for patients with diverticular disease.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The fragility index was determined by adding events and subtracting non-events from the groups with the smaller number of events. Events were added until the p-value exceeded 0.05. The smallest number of events required was considered the fragility index.

RESULTS: After screening 1,271 citations, 15 randomized trials met inclusion criteria. Nine of the studies evaluated surgical interventions and six evaluated medical interventions. The mean number of patients randomized and lost to follow-up per RCT was 92 (SD 35.3) and 9 (SD 11.4), respectively. The median fragility index was 1 (range: 0-5). The fragility indices for the included studies did not correlate significantly with any study characteristics.

LIMITATIONS: Small sample, heterogeneity, and lack of inclusion of studies with continuous outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: The randomized trials evaluating surgical and medical interventions for diverticular disease are not robust. Changing a single outcome event in most studies was sufficient to make a statistically significant study finding non-significant.},
}

@article {pmid37425810,
year = {2023},
author = {Altman-Merino, A and Bonnet, K and Schlundt, D and Wrenn, J and Self, WH and Gordon, EJ and Hawkins, AT},
title = {Complex Patient Perspectives on Evolving Diverticulitis Treatment Patient Perspectives on Diverticulitis.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37425810},
support = {K23 DK118192/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR002243/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite evidence that antibiotics may not be necessary to treat acute uncomplicated diverticulitis, they remain the mainstay of treatment in the United States. A randomized controlled trial evaluating antibiotic effectiveness could accelerate implementation of an antibiotic-free treatment strategy, but patients may be unwilling to participate.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess patients' attitudes regarding participation in a randomized trial of antibiotics versus placebo for acute diverticulitis, including willingness to participate.

DESIGN: This is a mixed-methods study with qualitative and descriptive methods.

SETTINGS: Interviews were conducted in a quaternary care emergency department and surveys were administered virtually through a web-based portal.

PATIENTS: Patients with either current or previous acute uncomplicated diverticulitis participated.

INTERVENTIONS: Patients underwent semi-structured interviews or completed a web-based survey. Main Outcome measures: Rates of willingness to participate in a randomized controlled trial was measured. Salient factors related to healthcare decision-making were also identified and analyzed.

RESULTS: Thirteen patients completed an interview. Reasons to participate included a desire to help others or contribute to scientific knowledge. Doubts about the efficacy of observation as a treatment method were the main barrier to participation. In a survey of 218 subjects, 62% of respondents reported willingness to participate in a randomized clinical trial. "What my doctor thinks," followed by "What I've experienced in the past" were the most important decision-making factors.

LIMITATIONS: There is possible selection bias inherent to using a study to evaluate willingness to participate in a study. Also, the population sampled was disproportionately White compared to the population affected by diverticulitis.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with acute uncomplicated diverticulitis maintain complex and varying perceptions of the use of antibiotics. Most surveyed patients would be willing to participate in a trial of antibiotics versus placebo. Our findings support a trial's feasibility and facilitate an informed approach to recruitment and consent.},
}

@article {pmid37844217,
year = {2023},
author = {Schaeffer, HD and Smelser, DT and Rao, HS and Haley, JS and Long, KC and Slipak, SH and Carey, DJ and Hoffman, RL},
title = {Development of a Polygenic Risk Score to Predict Diverticulitis.},
journal = {Diseases of the colon and rectum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/DCR.0000000000002943},
pmid = {37844217},
issn = {1530-0358},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite its prevalence and associated morbidity, we remain limited in our ability to predict the course of a patient with diverticular disease. While several clinical and genetic risk factors have been identified, we do not know how these factors relate to one another.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a polygenic risk score could improve risk prediction for diverticulitis and recurrent diverticulitis compared to a model using only clinical factors.

DESIGN: An observational study.

SETTING: Study examines the predictive ability of a polygenic risk score for diverticulitis developed using prior genome wide association studies and validated using the MyCode biobank.

PATIENTS: Patients of European ancestry in the Geisinger Health System who were enrolled in the MyCode Community Health biobanking program.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The ability of a polygenic risk score to predict diverticulosis, diverticulitis, and recurrent diverticulitis.

RESULTS: A total of 60,861 patients were included, of which 9,912 (16.3%) had diverticulosis or diverticulitis (5,015 with diverticulosis and 4,897 with diverticulitis). When divided into deciles, our polygenic risk score stratified patients by risk of both diverticulosis and diverticulitis with a 2-fold difference in disease risk between the highest and lowest deciles for diverticulitis and a 4.8-fold difference for recurrent complicated diverticulitis. When compared to clinical factors alone, our polygenic risk score was able to improve risk prediction of recurrent diverticulitis.

LIMITATIONS: Our population is largely located in a single geographic region and were classified by disease status using international classification of diseases codes.

CONCLUSIONS: This predictive model stratifies patients based on genetic risk for diverticular disease. The increased frequency of recurrent disease in our high-risk patients suggests that a polygenic risk score, in addition to other factors, may help to guide the discussion regarding surgical intervention.},
}

@article {pmid37813565,
year = {2023},
author = {Juzenas, S and Ellinghaus, D and Sanna, S and Franke, A and D'Amato, M},
title = {Mendelian randomisation shows diverticular disease and irritable bowel syndrome increase the risk of haemorrhoidal disease.},
journal = {Gut},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330364},
pmid = {37813565},
issn = {1468-3288},
}

@article {pmid37812959,
year = {2023},
author = {Barnard, P and Wilson, K},
title = {Complicated jejunal diverticulitis with small bowel obstruction due to enterolith: A case report.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {111},
number = {},
pages = {108896},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108896},
pmid = {37812959},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Small bowel diverticular disease (DD) is encountered and managed much less frequently than colonic DD, leading to a significantly less developed body of evidence for managing small bowel diverticulum and its associated complications.

CASE PRESENTATION: This case report discusses a rare occurrence of simultaneous perforated jejunal diverticulitis and mechanical small bowel obstruction (SBO) due to a migrating diverticular enterolith. The patient's condition was ultimately managed operatively through laparoscopically assisted small bowel resection.

CLINICAL DISCUSSION: A review of the literature reveals only eight reported cases of jejunal diverticulitis with simultaneous enterolith obstruction. All cases were managed operatively, with approaches including small bowel resection encompassing both pathologies, milking the enterolith back to the diverticulitis site and resecting en bloc to avoid extensive resection, or enterotomy and enterolith retrieval.

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of small bowel diverticular disease is increasing, and as a result, clinicians may encounter more complications associated with this condition in the future. This case highlights the importance of considering alternate complications of small bowel DD.},
}

@article {pmid37779579,
year = {2023},
author = {Panin, SI and Nechay, TV and Sazhin, AV and Tyagunov, AE and Shcherbakov, NA and Bykov, AV and Melnikov-Makarchuk, KY and Yuldashev, AG and Kuznetsov, AA},
title = {Should we encourage the use of robotic technologies in complicated diverticulitis? Results of systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in robotics and AI},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {1208611},
pmid = {37779579},
issn = {2296-9144},
abstract = {Introduction: Complicated diverticulitis is a common abdominal emergency that often requires a surgical intervention. The systematic review and meta-analysis below compare the benefits and harms of robotic vs. laparoscopic surgery in patients with complicated colonic diverticular disease. Methods: The following databases were searched before 1 March 2023: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The internal validity of the selected non-randomized studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. The meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom) and Copenhagen Trial Unit Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) software (Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark), respectively. Results: We found no relevant randomized controlled trials in the searched databases. Therefore, we analyzed 5 non-randomized studies with satisfactory internal validity and similar designs comprising a total of 442 patients (184 (41.6%) robotic and 258 (58.4%) laparoscopic interventions). The analysis revealed that robotic surgery for complicated diverticulitis (CD) took longer than laparoscopy (MD = 42 min; 95% CI: [-16, 101]). No statistically significant differences were detected between the groups regarding intraoperative blood loss (MD = -9 mL; 95% CI: [-26, 8]) and the rate of conversion to open surgery (2.17% or 4/184 for robotic surgery vs. 6.59% or 17/258 for laparoscopy; RR = 0.63; 95% CI: [0.10, 4.00]). The type of surgery did not affect the length of in-hospital stay (MD = 0.18; 95% CI: [-0.60, 0.97]) or the rate of postoperative complications (14.1% or 26/184 for robotic surgery vs. 19.8% or 51/258 for laparoscopy; RR = 0.81; 95% CI: [0.52, 1.26]). No deaths were reported in either group. Discussion: The meta-analysis suggests that robotic surgery is an appropriate option for managing complicated diverticulitis. It is associated with a trend toward a lower rate of conversion to open surgery and fewer postoperative complications; however, this trend does not reach the level of statistical significance. Since no high quality RCTs were available, this meta-analysis isnot able to provide reliable conclusion, but only a remarkable lack of proper evidence supporting robotic technology. The need for further evidence-based trials is important.},
}

@article {pmid37772718,
year = {2023},
author = {Liu, JK and Ko, CY},
title = {Familial-Environmental Effects Shifting our Understanding of Diverticular Disease.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Surgeons},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/XCS.0000000000000860},
pmid = {37772718},
issn = {1879-1190},
}

@article {pmid37763023,
year = {2023},
author = {Sbarigia, C and Ritieni, C and Annibale, B and Carabotti, M},
title = {Common Diagnostic Challenges and Pitfalls in Segmental Colitis Associated with Diverticulosis (SCAD).},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {18},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm12186084},
pmid = {37763023},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD) is characterized by inflammation involving the sigmoid inter-diverticular mucosa, sparing the proximal colon and rectum. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and endoscopic and histological findings, SCAD diagnosis might be challenging in clinical practice. This narrative review aimed to report the SCAD diagnostic criteria adopted in different studies, highlighting the current challenges and main pitfalls in its diagnosis. We analysed fourteen studies, mainly prospective observational studies. Haematochezia and rectal bleeding were the main complaints leading to diagnosis, followed by diarrhoea. An accurate endoscopic description was performed in 86% of studies, while a standardised biopsy sampling protocol (sigma, proximal colon and rectum) was scarcely adopted, being complete only in 28.5% of studies. The evaluation of concomitant drugs potentially inducing colitis was carried out in only 57% of studies. Great heterogeneity in sigmoid endoscopic (edema, erythema, erosions, ulcers, mucosal friability) and histological findings (chronic and/or acute inflammatory infiltrate) was observed. We showed that SCAD diagnosis is often based on not fully adequate macroscopic colonic description and scant biopsy protocol sampling. An accurate clinical and endoscopic evaluation, with an adequate sampling biopsy protocol, with attention to differential diagnosis, seemed to be crucial for a prompt SCAD diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid37742357,
year = {2023},
author = {Musleh, A and Abbadi, K and Asbah, M and Nofal, M and Hilal, MA and Khader, A},
title = {Rare clinical entity of diffuse mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas: A case report and review of the literature.},
journal = {International journal of surgery case reports},
volume = {111},
number = {},
pages = {108859},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108859},
pmid = {37742357},
issn = {2210-2612},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Mucinous cystic neoplasm is a rare premalignant tumor of the pancreas typically affects middle aged women. Mostly it affects the body and the tail of the pancreas and in very rare cases it may affect the head.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 56-year-old female patient, previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and with an unremarkable medical and surgical history except for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy and multiple admissions due to colonic diverticular disease, which ultimately required a left hemicolectomy. Recently, the patient has been experiencing a gradual onset of symptoms, including persistent right upper quadrant and epigastric pain. This pain has been progressively worsening, characterized by a constricting sensation, radiating to the back. Additionally, the patient has reported a feverish sensation, yellowish discoloration of the skin over the past two months, itching, nausea, and a notable loss of appetite. Within the last two months, there has also been a significant weight loss of 10 kg. A thorough evaluation led to a diagnosis of diffuse mucinous cystic neoplasm, which involves the entire pancreas.

DISCUSSION: Due to its categorization as a premalignant abnormality, swift surgical action is imperative following diagnosis to minimize the possibility of evolving into a malignant state. This strategy is vital to secure the best possible results for the patient and to lower the likelihood of progression to more advanced malignant stages.

CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is one of the few reported cases of diffuse histology-proven MCN of the pancreas.},
}

@article {pmid37700951,
year = {2023},
author = {Jones, DH and Spielmann, SM and Falconi, S and Obokhare, I},
title = {Colo-Fallopian Fistula: A Rare Complication of Sigmoid Colon Diverticulitis.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {e43331},
pmid = {37700951},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Diverticulitis is a common colorectal disease present in Western countries that develops as infected protrusions (diverticula) along weak points in the colon due to increased intraluminal pressure. Most patients with diverticular disease can be asymptomatic; however, several complications can arise from the development of diverticulitis. Here, we discuss the diagnosis and management of a patient presenting with recurrent Escherichia coli (E. coli) vaginal infections due to sigmoid colon diverticulitis resulting in a colo-fallopian fistula that was unremarkable on diagnostic imaging. The patient was managed with minimally invasive surgery. A 65-year-old female with a medical history of hyperlipidemia and recurrent diverticulitis presented with over a year history of recurrent E. coli vaginal infections. She underwent a robotic anterior resection with extracorporeal colorectal anastomosis via a Pfannenstiel incision. Less than 48 hours following the surgery, she was discharged without complications and has remained symptom-free nine months postoperatively. Significant improvement was noted following the procedure. The patient was able to advance her diet and was discharged the next day. The patient was seen postoperatively, with no evidence of any recurrent E. coli vaginal infections. The case highlights the diagnosis and management of a rare case of colo-fallopian fistula in a situation where the patient had recurrent vaginal infections. It is quite difficult to identify the fistula radiologically. This patient was managed with a minimally invasive surgical technique that proved to be safe and beneficial to the outcome of this patient.},
}

@article {pmid37679584,
year = {2023},
author = {Lee, Y and Andrew, L and Hill, S and An, KR and Chatroux, L and Anvari, S and Hong, D and Kuhnen, AH},
title = {Disparities in access to minimally invasive surgery for inflammatory bowel disease and outcomes by insurance status: analysis of the 2015 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample.},
journal = {Surgical endoscopy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {37679584},
issn = {1432-2218},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Despite being the preferred modality for treatment of colorectal cancer and diverticular disease, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been adopted slowly for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to its technical challenges. The present study aims to assess the disparities in use of MIS for patients with IBD.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from October 2015 to December 2019 was conducted. Patients < 65 years of age were stratified by either private insurance or Medicaid. The primary outcome was access to MIS and secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, complications, length of stay (LOS), and total admission cost. Univariate and multivariate regression was utilized to determine the association between insurance status and outcomes.

RESULTS: The NIS sample population included 7866 patients with private insurance and 1689 with Medicaid. Medicaid patients had lower odds of receiving MIS than private insurance patients (OR 0.85, 95% CI [0.74-0.97], p = 0.017), and experienced more postoperative genitourinary complications (OR 1.36, 95% CI [1.08-1.71], p = 0.009). In addition, LOS was longer by 1.76 days (p < 0.001) and the total cost was higher by $5043 USD (p < 0.001) in the Medicaid group. Independent predictors of receiving MIS were age < 40 years old, female sex, highest income quartile, diagnosis of ulcerative colitis, elective admission, and care at teaching hospitals.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Medicaid are less likely to receive MIS, have longer lengths of stay, and incur higher costs for the surgical management of their IBD. Further investigations into disparities in inflammatory bowel disease care for Medicaid patients are warranted.},
}

@article {pmid37660927,
year = {2023},
author = {Evaristo, G and Szczepanski, J and Farag, MS and Rubin, DT and Campbell, LK and Marcus, VA and Lamps, LW and Hart, J},
title = {Crohn's Disease Features in Anastomotic Biopsies from Patients With and Without Crohn's Disease: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value.},
journal = {Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100325},
doi = {10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100325},
pmid = {37660927},
issn = {1530-0285},
abstract = {Endoscopic evidence of disease activity is a critical predictor of clinical relapse in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and histologic disease activity is evolving as a similarly important endpoint for patient management. However, classical morphologic features of CD may overlap with postoperative inflammatory changes, confounding the evaluation of anastomotic biopsies. There is a clear unmet need for better characterization of diagnostic and clinically significant histological features of CD in these surgically altered sites. We evaluated ileocolonic and colocolonic/rectal anastomotic biopsies performed at three academic institutions in patients with and without CD. The biopsies were blindly assessed for CD histologic features and correlated to clinical and endoscopic characteristics. In CD patients, the presence of each feature was correlated with the subsequent clinical exacerbation or relapse. We obtained anastomotic biopsies from 208 patients of which 109 were operated on for CD and 99 for another indication (neoplasia (80%), diverticular disease (11%), other (9%)). Mean time since surgery was 10 years (0-59; 14 years for CD (1-59), 6 years for non-CD (0-33)). Endoscopic inflammation was noted in 52% of cases (68% for CD, 35% for non-CD). Microscopic inflammation was present in 74% of cases (82% for CD, 67% for non-CD). Only discontinuous lymphoplasmacytosis (p<0.001) and pyloric gland metaplasia (p=0.04) occurred significantly more often in CD patients. However, none of the histologic features predicted clinical disease progression. In subset analysis, the presence of histologic features of CD in non-anastomotic biopsies obtained concurrently in CD patients was significantly associated with relapse (p=0.03). Due to extensive morphologic overlap between CD and postoperative changes and the lack of specific histologic features of relapse, biopsies from anastomotic sites are of no value in predicting clinical CD progression. Instead, CD activity in biopsies obtained away from anastomotic sites should be used for guiding endoscopic sampling and clinical management.},
}

@article {pmid37637876,
year = {2021},
author = {Gray, PJ and Goldwag, JL and Eid, MA and Trooboff, SW and Wilson, MZ and Ivatury, SJ},
title = {What Are the Long-Term Changes to Bowel Function Patient-reported Outcomes After Elective Sigmoidectomy for Diverticular Disease?: Observational Study of Patients Undergoing Elective Sigmoidectomy for Diverticular Disease.},
journal = {Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {e110},
pmid = {37637876},
issn = {2691-3593},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term changes to bowel function after elective sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease.

BACKGROUND: For patients with diverticular disease, choosing surgery is often based on the presumption of improvement in preoperative symptoms. Our group previously reported bowel function does not change in the early perioperative period; however, studies of long-term outcomes are limited.

METHODS: This is an observational study of patients that underwent elective sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease and completed the Colorectal Functional Outcome (COREFO) questionnaire before surgery. Patients were stratified into two groups based on presence or absence of a preoperative symptomatic score (i.e., total COREFO ≥ 15). Long-term bowel function (>1 year from surgery) was assessed using the COREFO questionnaire via telephone or subsequent clinic visit. Paired t-tests compared mean preoperative scores to mean long-term scores.

RESULTS: Fifty-one patients met inclusion criteria (21 symptomatic, 30 asymptomatic). All symptomatic patients had uncomplicated disease, whereas 90% of asymptomatic patients had complicated disease. Median time from operation to questionnaire completion was 23 months (IQR = 13-34). Asymptomatic patients demonstrated impaired bowel function, predominantly driven by changes in the social impact domain. Symptomatic patients demonstrated improved bowel function, driven by changes in the incontinence, social impact, stool-related aspects, and need for medication domains.

CONCLUSIONS: In the long-term after elective sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease, patients with symptomatic bowel function preoperatively improve substantially, while those with asymptomatic preoperative scores demonstrate statistically significant impairment. Patients determined to be symptomatic with patient-reported outcomes likely benefit long-term from sigmoid resection.Mini-Abstract: In this manuscript, long-term changes to patient-reported bowel function were assessed using a validated questionnaire after sigmoidectomy for diverticular disease. We found that in patients with symptomatic preoperative bowel function, long-term bowel function improved after elective resection. Alternatively, patients with asymptomatic preoperative bowel function demonstrated long-term impairment in bowel function.},
}

@article {pmid37627532,
year = {2023},
author = {Pallotta, L and Cammisotto, V and Castellani, V and Gioia, A and Spigaroli, M and Carlomagno, D and Bartimoccia, S and Nocella, C and Cappelletti, M and Pontone, S and Carnevale, R and Violi, F and Vona, R and Giordano, C and Pignatelli, P and Severi, C},
title = {Diverticular Disease Worsening Is Associated with Increased Oxidative Stress and Gut Permeability: New Insights by Circulating Biomarkers.},
journal = {Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antiox12081537},
pmid = {37627532},
issn = {2076-3921},
support = {000106_20_RS__SEVER_PICCOLI_2020//Sapienza University/ ; },
abstract = {Diverticular disease (DD) management is impaired by its pathogenesis, which is still not completely defined, with an unmet clinical need for improved therapies. Ex vivo DD human models demonstrated the presence of a transmural oxidative imbalance that supports an ischemic pathogenesis. This study aimed to assess, with the use of circulating biomarkers, insights into DD pathogenesis and possible therapeutic targets. Nox2-derived peptide, H2O2, antioxidant capacity, isoprostanes, thromboxanes, TNF-α, LPS and zonulin were evaluated by ELISA in healthy subjects (HS) and asymptomatic and symptomatic DD patients. Compared to HS, DD patients presented low antioxidant capacity and increase in sNox2-dp, H2O2 and isoprostanes paralleled to a TNFα increase, lower than that of oxidative markers. TxB2 production correlated to Nox2 and isoprostanes, suggesting platelet activation. An increase in zonulin and LPS highlighted the role of gut permeability and LPS translocation in DD pathogenesis. The increase of all the markers statistically correlated with DD severity. The present study confirmed the presence of a main oxidative imbalance in DD and provides evidence of platelet activation driven by LPS translocation. The use of circulating biomarkers could represent a new clinical tool for monitoring disease progression and validate therapeutic strategies never tested in DD as antioxidant supplementation.},
}

@article {pmid37593341,
year = {2023},
author = {Azzopardi, M and Wallace, T and Khaled, YS},
title = {Aortoiliac graft-enteric fistula presenting as gastrointestinal hemorrhage: A report on a complex case management.},
journal = {Clinical case reports},
volume = {11},
number = {8},
pages = {e7801},
pmid = {37593341},
issn = {2050-0904},
abstract = {KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Iliac artery-enteric fistula is a rare cause of lower GI bleeding and can cause life-threatening consequences. A high degree of clinical suspicion is needed in patients with previous aortic surgery to allow early multidisciplinary intervention.

ABSTRACT: This case study discusses the staged management of a 78-year-old patient presenting with life-threatening lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding secondary to an aortoiliac graft-enteric fistula (GEF) into the sigmoid colon on the background of an adenocarcinoma and diverticular disease. The patient had an aorto bi-iliac synthetic dacron graft repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) some 20 years ago. Here, we present a case of successful endovascular treatment of massive hemorrhage as a bridge to definitive second-stage dacron graft explant and autologous vein reconstruction with a simultaneous anterior resection.},
}

@article {pmid37588135,
year = {2023},
author = {Guo, X and Patel, B and Han, L and Van Alstine, WG and Noblet, JN and Chambers, SD and Kassab, GS},
title = {Novel patch biomaterial treatment for colon diverticulosis in swine model.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1215362},
pmid = {37588135},
issn = {2296-4185},
abstract = {Current leading managements for diverticular disease cannot prevent the recurrence of diverticulitis, bleeding and/or other complications. There is an immediate need for developing new minimal invasive therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat this disease. Through a biomechanical analysis of porcine colon with diverticular lesions, we proposed a novel adhesive patch concept aiming at mechanical reconstruction of the diseased colon wall. This study aims to evaluate the surgical feasibility (safety and efficacy) of pulmonary visceral pleura (PVP) patch therapy using a pig model of diverticulosis. Six female Yucatan miniature pigs underwent collagenase injection (CI) for the development of diverticular lesions. The lesions in each animal either received patch implantation (treated group, n = 40 for 6 pigs) or left intact (untreated group, n = 44 for 6 pigs). The normal colonic wall in each animal received patch implantation at two spots to serve as control (n = 12 for 6 pigs). After 3 months of observation, the performance and safety of the patch treatment were evaluated through macroscopic and histological examination. We found that 95% of pouch-like herniation of the mucosa was prevented from the colon wall with the treatment. The pouch diameter was significantly reduced in the treated group as compared to the untreated group (p < 0.001). The patch application caused a significant increase in the levels of collagen of the colon tissue as compared to the untreated and control groups (p < 0.001). No difference was found in the lymphocyte and macrophage inflammatory infiltrate between the groups. Our results suggest that patch treatment efficiently inhibits the diverticular pouch deformation and promotes the healing of the colon wall with a normal inflammatory response, which may minimize the risk of diverticulosis reoccurrence and complications over time.},
}

@article {pmid37567817,
year = {2023},
author = {Mirande, MD and McKenna, NP and Bews, KA and Shawki, SF and Cima, RR and Brady, JT and Colibaseanu, DT and Mathis, KL and Kelley, SR},
title = {Risk factors for surgical site infections and trends in skin closure technique after diverting loop ileostomy reversal: A multi-institutional analysis.},
journal = {American journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.07.042},
pmid = {37567817},
issn = {1879-1883},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are one of the most common complications following diverting loop ileostomy (DLI) closures. This study assesses SSIs after DLI closure and the temporal trends in skin closure technique.

METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for adult patients who underwent a DLI closure between 2012 and 2021 across a multistate health system. Skin closure technique was categorized as primary, primary ​+ ​drain, or purse-string closure. The primary outcome was SSI at the former DLI site.

RESULTS: A SSI was diagnosed in 5.7% of patients; 6.9% for primary closure, 5.7% for primary closure ​+ ​drain, and 2.7% for purse-string closure (p ​= ​0.25). A diagnosis of Crohn's disease, diverticular disease, and increasing operative time were significant risk factors for SSIs. There was a positive trend in the use of purse-string closure over time (p ​< ​0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a low SSI rate after DLI closure which did not vary significantly based on skin closure technique. Utilization of purse-string closure increased over time.},
}

@article {pmid37479564,
year = {2023},
author = {Bachelani, AM},
title = {My thoughts: The changing role of elective colectomy for diverticular disease.},
journal = {American journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.07.024},
pmid = {37479564},
issn = {1879-1883},
}