@article {pmid38635412,
year = {2024},
author = {Das, S and Ghosh, A and Karmakar, V and Khawas, S and Vatsha, P and Roy, KK and Behera, PC},
title = {Cannabis effectiveness on immunologic potency of pulmonary contagion.},
journal = {Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38635412},
issn = {2191-0286},
abstract = {Respiratory illnesses and its repercussions are becoming more prevalent worldwide. It is necessary to research both innovative treatment and preventative techniques. Millions of confirmed cases and fatalities from the COVID-19 epidemic occurred over the previous two years. According to the review research, cannabinoids are a class of medicines that should be considered for the treatment of respiratory conditions. Cannabinoids and inhibitors of endocannabinoid degradation have illustrated advantageous anti-inflammatory, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary artery hypotension in numerous studies (in vitro and in vivo). It has been also noted that CB2 receptors on macrophages and T-helper cells may be particularly triggered to lower inflammation in COVID-19 patients. Since the majority of lung tissue contains cannabinoid receptors, cannabis can be an effective medical tool for treating COVID-19 as well as pulmonary infections. Notably, CB2 and CB1 receptors play a major role in immune system modulation and anti-inflammatory activities. In this review, we put forth the idea that cannabis might be helpful in treating pulmonary contagion brought on by viral integration, such as that caused by SARS-CoV-2, haemophilus influenza type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Also, a detailed overview of CB receptors, intricate mechanisms, is highlighted connecting link with COVID-19 viral structural modifications along with molecular basis of CB receptors in diminishing viral load in pulmonary disorders supported through evident literature studies. Further, futuristic evaluations on cannabis potency through novel formulation development focusing on in vivo/in vitro systems can produce promising results.},
}

@article {pmid38633552,
year = {2023},
author = {Şimşek-Yavuz, S},
title = {COVID-19: An Update on Epidemiology, Prevention and Treatment, September-2023.},
journal = {Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {165-187},
pmid = {38633552},
issn = {2667-646X},
abstract = {After a downward trend for more than 12 months, the incidence of COVID-19 has increased in the last months. Although COVID-19 is not as frequent as in the first years of the pandemic, case numbers are still very high, and it causes a significant number of deaths. COVID-19 is not seen with a predictable frequency, at least two times more deadly than the flu, continues as an epidemic, and has not reached the endemic level yet. Currently, the Omicron strains EG.5 and XBB.1.16 are dominant worldwide. Although BA.2.86 and FLip variants, including FL.1.5.1 are not widespread at the moment, both were shown to be highly immune-evasive and require close monitoring. Prevention of COVID-19 relies on vaccinations, surveillance, proper ventilation of enclosed spaces, isolation of patients, and mask usage. Currently, monovalent COVID-19 vaccines, including XBB.1.5 Omicron SARS-CoV-2, are recommended for both primary and booster vaccinations against COVID-19. Monovalent vaccines, including only original SARS-CoV-2 strain, and bivalent vaccines, including original virus plus BA4/5 variant, are no longer recommended against COVID-19. Booster vaccination with XBB.1.5 containing vaccine should be prioritized for patients at high risk for severe COVID-19. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination does not seem to be effective in preventing COVID-19. At the current phase of the pandemic, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, molnupiravir, sotrovimab (for patients from XBB.1.5 variant dominant settings), and convalescent plasma can be considered for the treatment of high-risk early-stage outpatients with COVID-19, while hospitalized patients with more severe disease can be treated with dexamethasone, anti cytokines including tocilizumab, sarilumab, baricitinib, and tofacitinib and antithrombotic agents including enoxaparin. Remdesivir oral analogues and ensitrelvir fumarate are promising agents for treating acute COVID-19, which are in phase trials now; however, ivermectin, fluvoxamine, and metformin were shown to be ineffective.},
}

@article {pmid38633308,
year = {2024},
author = {Zheng, Z and Sun, H and Hu, X and Xuan, Z and Fu, M and Bai, Y and Du, Y and Liu, B and Sui, X and Zheng, J and Shao, C},
title = {Prevention and treatment strategies for kidney transplant recipients in the context of long-term existence of COVID-19.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1287836},
pmid = {38633308},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {The sudden outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early 2020 posed a massive threat to human life and caused an economic upheaval worldwide. Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) became susceptible to infection during the COVID-19 pandemic owing to their use of immunosuppressants, resulting in increased hospitalization and mortality rates. Although the current epidemic situation is alleviated, the long-term existence of COVID-19 still seriously threatens the life and health of KTRs with low immunity. The Omicron variant, a highly infectious but less-pathogenic strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised concerns among transplant physicians regarding managing KTRs diagnosed with this variant. However, currently, there are no clear and unified guidelines for caring for KTRs infected with this variant. Therefore, we aimed to summarize the ongoing research on drugs that can treat Omicron variant infections in KTRs and explore the potential of adjusting immunotherapy strategies to enhance their responsiveness to vaccines. Herein, we discuss the situation of KTRs since the emergence of COVID-19 and focus on various prevention and treatment strategies for KTRs since the Omicron variant outbreak. We hope to assist physicians in managing KTRs in the presence of long-term COVID-19 variants.},
}

@article {pmid38633235,
year = {2024},
author = {Torres, JP and Basso, L and Saure, D and Zuñiga, M and Couve, A and Farfán, M and de la Maza, V and Campos, N and O'Ryan, M},
title = {Transdisciplinary research before, during and after COVID-19 vaccination in Chile: a virtuoso collaboration with future perspectives.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1354645},
pmid = {38633235},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Child ; Humans ; Chile ; *COVID-19 Vaccines ; Interdisciplinary Research ; Pandemics ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic presented numerous challenges that required immediate attention to mitigate its devastating consequences on a local and global scale. In March 2020, the Chilean government, along with health and science authorities, implemented a strategy aimed at generating relevant evidence to inform effective public health decisions. One of the key strengths of this strategy was the active involvement of the scientific community, employing transdisciplinary approaches to address critical questions and support political decision-making. The strategy promoted collaborations between the government, public and private institutions, and transdisciplinary academic groups throughout each phase of the pandemic. By focusing on pressing problems and questions, this approach formed the foundation of this report which reflects the collaborative effort throughout the pandemic of individuals from the Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile, government authorities and industry. Early in the pandemic, it became crucial to gather evidence on how to minimize the impact of infection and disease while awaiting the availability of vaccines. This included studying the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children, assessing the impact of quarantines on people's mobility, implementing strategies for widespread SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, and exploring pool testing for large populations. The urgent need to reduce disease severity and transmission posed a significant challenge, as it was essential to prevent overwhelming healthcare systems. Studies were conducted to predict ICU bed requirements at the local level using mathematical models. Additionally, novel approaches, such as using cellphone mobility-based technology to actively identify infected individuals, and to optimize population sampling, were explored following the first wave of the pandemic. Chile took early action in addressing vaccination through a high-level scientific board, before vaccines became available. Studies conducted during this period included population-based immunologic evaluations of different vaccines, which helped build confidence in the population and supported the need for booster doses and potential vaccination of children. These studies and collaborations, which will be discussed here, have provided valuable insights and will inform future approaches in a post-pandemic world. Importantly, highly conservative estimates indicate that 3,000 lives and more than 300 million USD were saved by this academic-public-private collaborative effort.},
}

Child
Humans
Chile
*COVID-19 Vaccines
Interdisciplinary Research
Pandemics
*COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination

@article {pmid38631919,
year = {2024},
author = {Holmes, EC},
title = {The Emergence and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Annual review of virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-virology-093022-013037},
pmid = {38631919},
issn = {2327-0578},
abstract = {The origin of SARS-CoV-2 has evoked heated debate and strong accusations, yet seemingly little resolution. I review the scientific evidence on the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and its subsequent spread through the human population. The available data clearly point to a natural zoonotic emergence within, or closely linked to, the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan. There is no direct evidence linking the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 to laboratory work conducted at the Wuhan Institute of Virology. The subsequent global spread of SARS-CoV-2 was characterized by a gradual adaptation to humans, with dual increases in transmissibility and virulence until the emergence of the Omicron variant. Of note has been the frequent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to other animals, marking it as a strongly host generalist virus. Unless lessons from the origin of SARS-CoV-2 are learned, it is inevitable that more zoonotic events leading to more epidemics and pandemics will plague human populations.},
}

@article {pmid38631831,
year = {2024},
author = {Gonzalez-Jaramillo, N and Abbühl, D and Roa-Díaz, ZM and Kobler-Betancourt, C and Frahsa, A},
title = {COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the general population and under-resourced communities from high-income countries: realist review.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {e084560},
pmid = {38631831},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines ; Developed Countries ; *COVID-19 ; Vaccination ; Income ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare vaccination willingness before rollout and 1 year post-rollout uptake among the general population and under-resourced communities in high-income countries.

DESIGN: A realist review.

DATA SOURCES: Embase, PubMed, Dimensions ai and Google Scholar.

SETTING: High-income countries.

DEFINITIONS: We defined vaccination willingness as the proportion of participants willing or intending to receive vaccines prior to availability. We defined vaccine uptake as the real proportion of the population with complete vaccination as reported by each country until November 2021.

RESULTS: We included data from 62 studies and 18 high-income countries. For studies conducted among general populations, the proportion of vaccination willingness was 67% (95% CI 62% to 72%). In real-world settings, the overall proportion of vaccine uptake among those countries was 73% (95% CI 69% to 76%). 17 studies reported pre-rollout willingness for under-resourced communities. The summary proportion of vaccination willingness from studies reporting results among people from under-resourced communities was 52% (95% CI 0.46% to 0.57%). Real-world evidence about vaccine uptake after rollout among under-resourced communities was limited.

CONCLUSION: Our review emphasises the importance of realist reviews for assessing vaccine acceptance. Limited real-world evidence about vaccine uptake among under-resourced communities in high-income countries is a call to context-specific actions and reporting.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines
Developed Countries
*COVID-19
Vaccination
Income

@article {pmid38631806,
year = {2024},
author = {Kane, AS and Godfrey, M and Noval Rivas, M and Arditi, M and Fasano, A and Yonker, LM},
title = {The Spectrum of Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 in Children: From MIS-C to Long COVID.},
journal = {Annual review of virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-virology-093022-011839},
pmid = {38631806},
issn = {2327-0578},
abstract = {The effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on children continue to evolve following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although life-threatening multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) has become rare, long-standing symptoms stemming from persistent immune activation beyond the resolution of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection contribute to major health sequelae and continue to pose an economic burden. Shared pathophysiologic mechanisms place MIS-C and long COVID within a vast spectrum of postinfectious conditions characterized by intestinal dysbiosis, increased gut permeability, and varying degrees of immune dysregulation. Insights obtained from MIS-C will help shape our understanding of the more indolent and prevalent postacute sequelae of COVID and ultimately guide efforts to improve diagnosis and management of postinfectious complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children.},
}

@article {pmid38631797,
year = {2024},
author = {Bharmal, M and DiGrande, K and Patel, A and Shavelle, DM and Bosson, N},
title = {Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic on Cardiac Arrest and Emergency Care.},
journal = {Cardiology clinics},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {307-316},
doi = {10.1016/j.ccl.2024.02.015},
pmid = {38631797},
issn = {1558-2264},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; *Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/etiology ; *Emergency Medical Services ; *Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; },
abstract = {The incidence of both out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Patient survival and neurologic outcome after both out-of-hospital and in-hospital cardiac arrest were reduced. Direct effects of the COVID-19 illness combined with indirect effects of the pandemic on patient's behavior and health care systems contributed to these changes. Understanding the potential factors offers the opportunity to improve future response and save lives.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Pandemics
*Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/etiology
*Emergency Medical Services
*Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

@article {pmid38631341,
year = {2024},
author = {Rove, JY and Cain, MT and Hoffman, JR and Reece, TB},
title = {Noteworthy in Cardiothoracic Surgery 2023.},
journal = {Seminars in cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {10892532241246037},
doi = {10.1177/10892532241246037},
pmid = {38631341},
issn = {1940-5596},
abstract = {Noteworthy in Cardiothoracic Surgery 2023 summarizes a few of the most high-impact trials and provocative trends in cardiothoracic surgery and transplantation this past year. Transplantation using organs procured from donation after circulatory death (DCD) continues to increase, and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons released recommendations on best practices in 2023. We review a summary of data on the impact of DCD on heart and lung transplantation. There has been increased interest in extracorporeal life support (ECLS), particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, and we review the results of the highly discussed ECLS-SHOCK trial, which randomized patients in cardiogenic shock with planned revascularization to ECLS vs usual care. With improving survival outcomes in complex aortic surgery, there is a need for higher-quality evidence to guide which cooling and cerebral perfusion strategies may optimize cognitive outcomes in these patients. We review the short-term outcomes of the GOT ICE trial (Cognitive Effects of Body Temperature During Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest), a multicenter, randomized controlled trial of three different nadir temperatures, evaluating outcomes in cognition and associated changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, both the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) and the American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association, American College of Chest Physicians and Heart Rhythm Society (ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS) updated atrial fibrillation guidelines in 2023, and we review surgically relevant updates to the guidelines and the evidence behind them.},
}

@article {pmid38629171,
year = {2024},
author = {Rohilla, A and Rohilla, S},
title = {Drug Repositioning: A Monetary Stratagem to Discover a New Application of Drugs.},
journal = {Current drug discovery technologies},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {e101023222023},
doi = {10.2174/0115701638253929230922115127},
pmid = {38629171},
issn = {1875-6220},
mesh = {Humans ; Drug Repositioning/methods ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; *COVID-19 ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy ; India ; },
abstract = {Drug repurposing, also referred to as drug repositioning or drug reprofiling, is a scientific approach to the detection of any new application for an already approved or investigational drug. It is a useful policy for the invention and development of new pharmacological or therapeutic applications of different drugs. The strategy has been known to offer numerous advantages over developing a completely novel drug for certain problems. Drug repurposing has numerous methodologies that can be categorized as target-oriented, drug-oriented, and problem-oriented. The choice of the methodology of drug repurposing relies on the accessible information about the drug molecule and like pharmacokinetic, pharmacological, physicochemical, and toxicological profile of the drug. In addition, molecular docking studies and other computer-aided methods have been known to show application in drug repurposing. The variation in dosage for original target diseases and novel diseases presents a challenge for researchers of drug repurposing in present times. The present review critically discusses the drugs repurposed for cancer, covid-19, Alzheimer's, and other diseases, strategies, and challenges of drug repurposing. Moreover, regulatory perspectives related to different countries like the United States (US), Europe, and India have been delineated in the present review.},
}

Humans
Drug Repositioning/methods
Molecular Docking Simulation
*COVID-19
*Neoplasms/drug therapy
India

@article {pmid38414130,
year = {2024},
author = {Vasylaki, A and Ghosh, P and Jaimes, EA and Williams, RM},
title = {Targeting the Kidneys at the Nanoscale: Nanotechnology in Nephrology.},
journal = {Kidney360},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {618-630},
pmid = {38414130},
issn = {2641-7650},
support = {CA132378//Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health/ ; CA137788//CCNY-MSKCC Partnership for Cancer Research/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Kidney Diseases ; Nanotechnology/methods ; Animals ; Nephrology/methods ; Nanoparticles/therapeutic use/chemistry ; Nanomedicine/methods ; Kidney/metabolism/drug effects/pathology ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System ; },
abstract = {Kidney diseases, both acute and chronic, are a substantial burden on individual and public health, and they continue to increase in frequency. Despite this and an intense focus on the study of disease mechanisms, few new therapeutic approaches have extended to the clinic. This is in part due to poor pharmacology of many, if not most, therapeutics with respect to the sites of kidney disease within the glomerulus or nephron. Considering this, within the past decade, and more pointedly over the past 2 years, there have been substantial developments in nanoparticle systems to deliver therapeutics to the sites of kidney disease. Here, we provide a broad overview of the various classes of nanomaterials that have been developed to improve therapeutic development for kidney diseases, the strategy used to provide kidney accumulation, and briefly the disease models they focused on, if any. We then focus on one specific system, polymeric mesoscale nanoparticles, which has broadly been used over 13 publications, demonstrating targeting of the tubular epithelium with 26-fold specificity compared with other organs. While there have been several nanomedicines that have advanced to the clinic in the past several decades, including mRNA-based coronavirus disease vaccines and others, none have focused on kidney diseases specifically. In total, we are confident that the rapid advancement of nanoscale-based kidney targeting and a concerted focus by clinicians, scientists, engineers, and other stakeholders will push one or more of these technologies into clinical trials over the next decade.},
}

Humans
*Kidney Diseases
Nanotechnology/methods
Animals
Nephrology/methods
Nanoparticles/therapeutic use/chemistry
Nanomedicine/methods
Kidney/metabolism/drug effects/pathology
Drug Delivery Systems/methods
Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System

@article {pmid38393345,
year = {2024},
author = {McCarthy, MW},
title = {Simnotrelvir as a potential treatment for COVID-19.},
journal = {Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy},
volume = {25},
number = {3},
pages = {233-237},
doi = {10.1080/14656566.2024.2323597},
pmid = {38393345},
issn = {1744-7666},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19 ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Ritonavir/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Simnotrelvir is a selective 3-chymotrypsin-like oral protease inhibitor with activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

AREAS COVERED: On 18 January 2024, results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of simnotrelvir as a treatment for mild-to moderate COVID-19-were published, indicating the drug, when given in combination with ritonavir, shortened the time to resolution of symptoms.

EXPERT OPINION: Treatment options for most outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 are limited. The protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir in combination with ritonavir has proven effective in patients who are high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, but there are no approved therapies for standard-risk patients, who now comprise the majority of the population. Simnotrelvir appears to be effective in standard-risk patients, including those who have completed primary vaccination against COVID-19 and have received a booster dose. This manuscript examines the rationale for the development of simnotrelvir and explores how this drug may be used in the future to treat COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*COVID-19
*SARS-CoV-2
Ritonavir/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Drug Therapy, Combination

@article {pmid38189327,
year = {2024},
author = {Kashyap, H and Manoharan, A and Mahendradas, P and Agarwal, A and Majumder, PD},
title = {A COVID-19 perspective of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS).},
journal = {Indian journal of ophthalmology},
volume = {72},
number = {5},
pages = {620-625},
doi = {10.4103/IJO.IJO_2029_23},
pmid = {38189327},
issn = {1998-3689},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; White Dot Syndromes/diagnosis ; Uveitis, Posterior/diagnosis/virology ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Fundus Oculi ; Fluorescein Angiography/methods ; },
abstract = {Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is a rare form of posterior uveitis characterized by involvement in the posterior pole and mid-periphery. A viral etiology that provokes an immune-mediated response has been hypothesized to be the inciting factor of the pathology. Recently, there has been an increase in the literature regarding new-onset uveitis and reactivation of previously diagnosed cases of uveitis following COVID-19 vaccinations. The COVID-19 vaccination has been speculated to trigger an immunomodulatory shift in recipients, resulting in an autoimmune event. MEWDS following COVID-19 vaccination was reported in 31 patients. It was most commonly observed following the first dose, affecting 15 patients, and least commonly after the booster dose, in only one patient. MEWDS-like disease following anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations was reported the most in 16 cases after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination (BNT162b2 mRNA). Most of these cases had Primary MEWDS without any previous history of a similar event in the past.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
White Dot Syndromes/diagnosis
Uveitis, Posterior/diagnosis/virology
Tomography, Optical Coherence
Fundus Oculi
Fluorescein Angiography/methods

@article {pmid38123835,
year = {2024},
author = {Mackintosh, L and Ormandy, P and Busby, A and Hawkins, J and Klare, R and Silver, C and Da Silva-Gane, M and Santhakumaran, S and Bristow, P and Sharma, S and Wellsted, D and Chilcot, J and Sridharan, S and Steenkamp, R and Harris, T and Muirhead, S and Lush, V and Afuwape, S and Farrington, K},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 on patient experience of kidney care: a rapid review.},
journal = {Journal of nephrology},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {365-378},
pmid = {38123835},
issn = {1724-6059},
support = {20-002 BRS/KCUK//British Renal Society/ ; 20-002 BRS/KCUK//Kidney Care UK/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Patient Satisfaction ; *Telemedicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney Diseases/therapy/psychology ; Remote Consultation ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In March 2020, a pandemic state was declared due to SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19). Patients with kidney disease, especially those on replacement therapies, proved more susceptible to severe infection. This rapid literature review aims to help understand how the pandemic impacted patient experience of kidney care.

METHODS: It was conducted in accordance with Cochrane Rapid Review interim guidance. Search terms, 'coronavirus', 'kidney care', and 'patient-reported experience' and terms with similar semantic meaning, identified 1,117 articles in Medline, Scopus, and Worldwide Science. Seventeen were included in the narrative synthesis.

RESULTS: The findings were summarised into three themes: remote consultation and telemedicine (n = 9); psychosocial impact (n = 2); and patient satisfaction and patient-reported experience (n = 6). Patients were mostly satisfied with remote consultations, describing them as convenient and allowing avoidance of hospital visits. Anxieties included missing potentially important clinical findings due to lack of physical examination, poor digital literacy, and technical difficulties. Psychosocial impact differed between treatment modalities-transplant recipients expressing feelings of instability and dread of having to return to dialysis, and generally, were less satisfied, citing reduced ability to work and difficulty accessing medications. Those on home dialysis treatments tended to feel safer. Findings focused on aspects of patient experience of kidney care during the pandemic rather than a holistic view.

CONCLUSIONS: There was little direct evaluation of modality differences and limited consideration of health inequalities in care experiences. A fuller understanding of these issues would guide policy agendas to support patient experience during future public health crises.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
*Patient Satisfaction
*Telemedicine
SARS-CoV-2
Kidney Transplantation
Kidney Diseases/therapy/psychology
Remote Consultation

@article {pmid38630122,
year = {2021},
author = {Ehianeta, T and Mzee, SAS and Adebisi, MK and Ehianeta, O},
title = {Recent SARS-CoV-2 Outlook and Implications in a COVID-19 Vaccination Era.},
journal = {Infectious microbes & diseases},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {125-133},
pmid = {38630122},
issn = {2641-5917},
abstract = {While repurposed drugs came in handy earlier in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccination has been considered a more sustainable approach. The recent spikes have been linked to "double," "triple," and even multi-mutant variants, thus renewing calls for deeper structural and functional insights of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a lead to rationale design of therapeutics, vaccines, and point-of-care diagnostics. There is a repertoire of findings from the earliest SARS-CoV-2 molecular mimicry to evade host immunity cum host immune responses to the role of the viral glycocalyx in modulating the susceptibility and severity of infection through attraction and repulsive interactions. Recently, molecular studies of some viral components that aid infection in the face of vaccination seem unending. In addition, the wave of infections and the attendant case fatality ratios have necessitated the need for emergency use authorizations for COVID-19 vaccines and in vitro diagnostics. This review provides key updates of SARS-CoV-2, current antigenic and formulation strategies, with emergency use authorizations considerations for future vaccine candidates and diagnostics. We also premise that despite the difficulty in modeling and analyzing glycans, understanding and exploiting their roles in the SARS-CoV-2 architecture is fundamental to glycan-based COVID-19 vaccines devoid of inconsistent clinical outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid38630078,
year = {2021},
author = {Ran, HL and Zhou, XT and Liu, WJ and Gao, GF},
title = {Keep Eyes on COVID-19: Ophthalmic Symptoms and Potential Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through the Oculus.},
journal = {Infectious diseases & immunity},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {103-107},
pmid = {38630078},
issn = {2693-8839},
abstract = {In December 2019, a new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged and rapidly spread globally, posing a worldwide health emergency. The pathogen causing this pandemic was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is well known that SARS-CoV-2 transmits via respiratory droplets and close contact with infected individuals or contaminated items. In addition to these two major transmission routes, other modes of transmission have not been confirmed. Considering that some COVID-19 patients have presented with ocular discomforts and positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in ocular surfaces, as well as the discovery of the SARS-CoV-2 receptors, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and transmembrane protease, serine 2, in the oculus, the ocular surface is now thought to be a possible alternative route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and a replication site. This review summarizes the evidence connecting COVID-19 with ocular tissues, ocular symptoms during SARS-CoV-2 infection, the potential role of the conjunctiva in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and the physiopathological mechanisms. Appropriate precautions in ophthalmology departments, including innovative complete and effective patient management plans, protective personal equipment, hand hygiene, and strict personal distance intervals, are essential to effectively minimize the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and control the pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid38630107,
year = {2021},
author = {Jiang, HD and Li, JX and Zhang, P and Huo, X and Zhu, FC},
title = {The COVID-19 Vaccine in Clinical Trials: Where Are We Now?.},
journal = {Infectious diseases & immunity},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {43-51},
pmid = {38630107},
issn = {2693-8839},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to scale up around the world, costing severe health and economic losses. The development of an effective COVID-19 vaccine is of utmost importance. Most vaccine designs can be classified into three camps: protein based (inactivated vaccines, protein subunit, VLP and T-cell based vaccines), gene based (DNA or RNA vaccines, replicating or non-replicating viral/bacterial vectored vaccines), and a combination of both protein-based and gene-based (live-attenuated virus vaccines). Up to now, 237 candidate vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are in development worldwide, of which 63 have been approved for clinical trials and 27 are evaluated in phase 3 clinical trials. Six candidate vaccines have been authorized for emergency use or conditional licensed, based on their efficacy data in phase 3 trials. This review summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of the candidate COVID-19 vaccines from various platforms, compares, and discusses their protective efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity according to the published clinical trials results.},
}

@article {pmid38630075,
year = {2021},
author = {Shi, M and Zhang, C and Wang, FS},
title = {The Progress and Challenges of Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019.},
journal = {Infectious diseases & immunity},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {52-58},
pmid = {38630075},
issn = {2693-8839},
abstract = {Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and SARS-CoV-2 infection (causing coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) are serious diseases. To date, no effective post-exposure prophylaxis, prevention, or therapeutic agents are recommended as effective for these diseases. Convalescent plasma (CP), donated by individuals with established humoral immunity to the virus after recovering from coronavirus infection, has been successfully applied to treat several infectious diseases, including SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. Nonetheless, there are obstacles and challenges to using CP that should be taken into account. In this review, we summarize the evidence derived from clinical attempts to treat COVID-19 with CP, which represents a promising therapy for severe coronavirus infection. Furthermore, we outline the remaining challenges and general issues that should be considered when using CP treatment for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes.},
}

@article {pmid38630098,
year = {2020},
author = {Zheng, X and Li, L},
title = {Potential Therapeutic Options for COVID-19.},
journal = {Infectious microbes & diseases},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {89-95},
pmid = {38630098},
issn = {2641-5917},
abstract = {The recently emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved into a pandemic with over 10 million infections and over 500 thousand deaths. There are currently no effective therapies or vaccines available to protect against this coronavirus infection. In this review, we discuss potential therapeutic options for COVID-19 based on the available information from previous research on severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Substantial efforts are underway to discover new therapeutic agents for COVID-19, including the repurposing of existing agents and the development of novel agents that specifically target SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or host factors. Through the screening of compound libraries, various classes of drugs, such as ribavirin, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and hydroxychloroquine have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates against COVID-19. Novel antiviral drugs for SARS-coronavirus 2 are being developed to target viral enzymes or functional proteins, as well as host factors or cell signaling pathways.},
}

@article {pmid38629007,
year = {2024},
author = {Masuka, JT},
title = {An Exploratory Bibliometric Analysis of African Pharmacovigilance Research Output Using SCOPUS.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e56295},
pmid = {38629007},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Most global pharmacovigilance (PV) data is derived from developed countries. However, the determinants of the differences in PV research output between developing and developed countries contributing to this discrepancy still need to be explored. The objective of the current study is to describe the publication trends and characteristics of pharmacovigilance-related research stemming out of Africa in comparison to that emanating from developed countries. A bibliometric analysis was carried out using the SCOPUS literature index for published global pharmacovigilance-related articles or documents pre-COVID-19. Data on annual publication trends, citations, author affiliations, and other study characteristics such as study funding were extracted and descriptively analyzed. Author co-citation and keyword co-occurrence analyses were also conducted and presented using VOSviewer software program version 1.6.15 (CWTS, Universiteit Leiden, Netherlands). During the period under review, a total of 27,516 documents were retrieved globally. Out of these, 588 (2.1 %), 9,438 (34.3 %), and 17,829 (64.8 %) were from Africa, Europe, and the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) founder member countries respectively. Annual publications have steadily increased, but at a slower rate in Africa compared to Europe. The mean annual publications and number of citations are significantly lower in Africa compared to Europe, p < 0.0001 for both parameters. The top 10 funders of African PV activities are European and American organizations. In conclusion, improved PV activity driven by international funders has been notable on the African continent. However, there is an increased need for local funding, government involvement, and legislation to improve PV activities on the African continent.},
}

@article {pmid38628988,
year = {2024},
author = {Saeed, S and Singhal, M and Kaur, KN and Shannawaz, M and Koul, A and Arora, K and Kumar, B and Sethiya, NK and Hasan, S},
title = {Acceptability and Satisfaction of Patients and Providers With Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e56308},
pmid = {38628988},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {COVID-19, also known as coronavirus disease 2019, is an extremely contagious viral sickness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). After the first cases of this primarily respiratory viral illness were recorded in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in late December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly disseminated across the globe. Consequently, on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a global pandemic. The rapid spread of the COVID-19 virus, coupled with subsequent lockdowns and social distancing measures, profoundly disrupted traditional healthcare delivery systems. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine emerged as a pivotal solution for delivering healthcare services while minimizing exposure to the virus. This study aims to assess patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine during this unprecedented period. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar using specific MeSH terms and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Literature Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to summarize patient and provider satisfaction concerning telemedicine using all the facts, evidence, and published literature. The analysis showed that although providers were generally satisfied with telemedicine, they were less satisfied than patients due to technical issues and difficulties transmitting documents. Patients reported high satisfaction with telemedicine, citing convenience and cost savings as major benefits. However, a lack of provider compensation was identified as a potential barrier to adoption. Most providers believed that telemedicine was only necessary in emergencies while a few recognized its potential for routine care. The study concludes that telemedicine has the potential to improve healthcare access and efficiency, but more research is needed to address technical and reimbursement issues and to determine the appropriate scope of telemedicine use. Overall, the findings of this study can inform future healthcare policies and regulations to ensure that telemedicine is used effectively and to the satisfaction of both patients and providers.},
}

@article {pmid38628843,
year = {2024},
author = {Amegashie, EA and Asamoah, P and Ativi, LEA and Adusei-Poku, M and Bonney, EY and Tagoe, EA and Paintsil, E and Torpey, K and Quaye, O},
title = {Clinical outcomes and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV.},
journal = {Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.)},
volume = {249},
number = {},
pages = {10059},
pmid = {38628843},
issn = {1535-3699},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; D43 TW011526/TW/FIC NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology ; Cytokines ; *HIV Infections/complications ; },
abstract = {People living with HIV (PLWH) usually suffer from co-infections and co-morbidities including respiratory tract infections. SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to cause respiratory infections. There are uncertainties in the disease severity and immunological response among PLWH who are co-infected with COVID-19. This review outlines the current knowledge on the clinical outcomes and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 among PLWH. Literature was searched in Google scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct conforming with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines from studies published from January 2020 to June 2023. A total of 81 studies from 25 countries were identified, and RT-PCR was used in confirming COVID-19 in 80 of the studies. Fifty-seven studies assessed risk factors and clinical outcomes in HIV patients co-infected with COVID-19. Thirty-nine of the studies indicated the following factors being associated with severe outcomes in HIV/SARS-CoV-2: older age, the male sex, African American race, smoking, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, low CD4[+] count, high viral load, tuberculosis, high levels of inflammatory markers, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, interruption, and delayed initiation of ART. The severe outcomes are patients' hospitalization, admission at intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, and death. Twenty (20) studies, however, reported no difference in clinical presentation among co-infected compared to mono-infected individuals. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection was investigated in 25 studies, with some of the studies reporting high levels of inflammatory markers, T cell exhaustion and lower positive conversion rate of IgG in PLWH. There is scanty information on the cytokines that predisposes to severity among HIV/SARS-CoV-2 co-infected individuals on combined ART. More research work should be carried out to validate co-infection-related cytokines and/or immune markers to SARS-CoV-2 among PLWH.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology
Cytokines
*HIV Infections/complications

@article {pmid38628831,
year = {2023},
author = {Keshtgar, Z and Chalabianloo, G and Esmaeili, N},
title = {Probable Neuropsychological and Cognitive Complications Due to Cytokine Storm in Patients With COVID-19.},
journal = {Basic and clinical neuroscience},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {549-564},
pmid = {38628831},
issn = {2008-126X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was first identified in China in December 2019 and is rapidly spreading worldwide as a pandemic. Since COVID-19 causes mild to severe acute respiratory syndrome, most studies in this context have focused on pathogenesis primarily in the respiratory system. However, evidence shows that the central nervous system (CNS) may also be affected by COVID-19. Since COVID-19 is spreading, it is necessary to study its possible cognitive effects on COVID-19 patients and their recovery.

METHODS: The articles used in this study were searched by keywords, such as cytokine storm and COVID-19, COVID-19 and executive dysfunction, cognitive disorder, and COVID-19, central nervous system (CNS) and COVID-19, coronavirus, neuroinvasion in Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) checklist. The study evaluates all observational studies published between December 2019 and April 2021 in peer-reviewed journals, including cross-sectional, cohort, case-control studies, case reports, and case series. The search result was 106 articles, of which 73 articles related to COVID-19, the stages of infection by this virus, its effect on the nervous system and neurological symptoms, the cytokine storm caused by this infection, and the possible cognitive consequences caused by this virus in patients, has been reviewed. Other articles were not checked due to their limited relevance to the topic under discussion.

RESULTS: Studies showed that neurons may be directly affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 and SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, various studies indicated that systemic inflammation (so-called "cytokine storm") is also responsible for brain damage induced by infection with SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. In such a way that these patients showed elevated levels of interleukin (IL-), 6, 8, and 10 and of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in their blood.

CONCLUSION: Various cognitive defects have been observed following an increased level of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6, 8. Therefore, due to the increased level of these pro-inflammatory factors in the brains of these patients, cognitive deficits can be expected, which need further investigation.},
}

@article {pmid38627916,
year = {2024},
author = {Motomura, K and Morita, H and Naruse, K and Saito, H and Matsumoto, K},
title = {Implication of viruses in the etiology of preeclampsia.},
journal = {American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)},
volume = {91},
number = {4},
pages = {e13844},
doi = {10.1111/aji.13844},
pmid = {38627916},
issn = {1600-0897},
support = {//Japan Health Research Promotion Bureau/ ; //Kanzawa Medical Research Foundation/ ; 22K09577//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 22K20982//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; 23K08813//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; //Nipponham Foundation/ ; 2023B-1//National Center for Child Health and Development/ ; 2023C-14//National Center for Child Health and Development/ ; },
mesh = {Pregnancy ; Infant, Newborn ; Female ; Humans ; *Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism ; Placentation ; Trophoblasts/metabolism ; *Viruses ; *Virus Diseases/complications/metabolism ; Placenta/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Preeclampsia is one of the most common disorders that poses threat to both mothers and neonates and a major contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Viral infection during pregnancy is not typically considered to cause preeclampsia; however, syndromic nature of preeclampsia etiology and the immunomodulatory effects of viral infections suggest that microbes could trigger a subset of preeclampsia. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. Herein, we review the potential role of viral infections in this great obstetrical syndrome. According to in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, viral infections can cause preeclampsia by introducing poor placentation, syncytiotrophoblast stress, and/or maternal systemic inflammation, which are all known to play a critical role in the development of preeclampsia. Moreover, clinical and experimental investigations have suggested a link between several viruses and the onset of preeclampsia via multiple pathways. However, the results of experimental and clinical research are not always consistent. Therefore, future studies should investigate the causal link between viral infections and preeclampsia to elucidate the mechanism behind this relationship and the etiology of preeclampsia itself.},
}

Pregnancy
Infant, Newborn
Female
Humans
*Pre-Eclampsia/metabolism
Placentation
Trophoblasts/metabolism
*Viruses
*Virus Diseases/complications/metabolism
Placenta/metabolism

@article {pmid38626689,
year = {2024},
author = {Schmiege, D and Haselhoff, T and Thomas, A and Kraiselburd, I and Meyer, F and Moebus, S},
title = {Small-scale wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance: A scoping review.},
journal = {International journal of hygiene and environmental health},
volume = {259},
number = {},
pages = {114379},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114379},
pmid = {38626689},
issn = {1618-131X},
abstract = {Wastewater analysis can serve as a source of public health information. In recent years, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged and proven useful for the detection of infectious diseases. However, insights from the wastewater treatment plant do not allow for the small-scale differentiation within the sewer system that is needed to analyze the target population under study in more detail. Small-scale WBE offers several advantages, but there has been no systematic overview of its application. The aim of this scoping review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on small-scale WBE for infectious diseases, including methodological considerations for its application. A systematic database search was conducted, considering only peer-reviewed articles. Data analyses included quantitative summary and qualitative narrative synthesis. Of 2130 articles, we included 278, most of which were published since 2020. The studies analyzed wastewater at the building level (n = 203), especially healthcare (n = 110) and educational facilities (n = 80), and at the neighborhood scale (n = 86). The main analytical parameters were viruses (n = 178), notably SARS-CoV-2 (n = 161), and antibiotic resistance (ABR) biomarkers (n = 99), often analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with DNA sequencing techniques being less common. In terms of sampling techniques, active sampling dominated. The frequent lack of detailed information on the specification of selection criteria and the characterization of the small-scale sampling sites was identified as a concern. In conclusion, based on the large number of studies, we identified several methodological considerations and overarching strategic aspects for small-scale WBE. An enabling environment for small-scale WBE requires inter- and transdisciplinary knowledge sharing across countries. Promoting the adoption of small-scale WBE will benefit from a common international conceptualization of the approach, including standardized and internationally accepted terminology. In particular, the development of good WBE practices for different aspects of small-scale WBE is warranted. This includes the establishment of guidelines for a comprehensive characterization of the local sewer system and its sub-sewersheds, and transparent reporting to ensure comparability of small-scale WBE results.},
}

@article {pmid38587099,
year = {2024},
author = {Inchingolo, F and Inchingolo, AM and Piras, F and Ferrante, L and Mancini, A and Palermo, A and Inchingolo, AD and Dipalma, G},
title = {The interaction between gut microbiome and bone health.},
journal = {Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {122-130},
doi = {10.1097/MED.0000000000000863},
pmid = {38587099},
issn = {1752-2978},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Bone and Bones ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Chronic Periodontitis/microbiology/immunology ; Interleukins ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review critically examines interconnected health domains like gut microbiome, bone health, interleukins, chronic periodontitis, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), offering insights into fundamental mechanisms and clinical implications, contributing significantly to healthcare and biomedical research.

RECENT FINDINGS: This review explores the relationship between gut microbiome and bone health, a growing area of study. It provides insights into skeletal integrity and potential therapeutic avenues. The review also examines interleukins, chronic periodontitis, and COVID-19, highlighting the complexity of viral susceptibility and immune responses. It highlights the importance of understanding genetic predispositions and immune dynamics in the context of disease outcomes. The review emphasizes experimental evidence and therapeutic strategies, aligning with evidence-based medicine and personalized interventions. This approach offers actionable insights for healthcare practitioners and researchers, paving the way for targeted therapeutic approaches and improved patient outcomes.

SUMMARY: The implications of these findings for clinical practice and research underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to healthcare that considers the complex interactions between genetics, immune responses, oral health, and systemic diseases. By leveraging advances in biomedical research, clinicians can optimize patient care and improve health outcomes across diverse patient populations.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
*COVID-19/immunology
*Bone and Bones
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Chronic Periodontitis/microbiology/immunology
Interleukins

@article {pmid38573196,
year = {2024},
author = {Jia, L and Navare, S and Hoyler, M},
title = {Lingering effects of COVID-19 in the care of perioperative patients.},
journal = {Current opinion in anaesthesiology},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {308-315},
doi = {10.1097/ACO.0000000000001364},
pmid = {38573196},
issn = {1473-6500},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/therapy/complications ; *Perioperative Care/methods ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can lead to organ dysfunction and clinical symptoms beyond the acute infection phase. These effects may have significant implications for the management of perioperative patients. The purpose of this article is to provide a systems-based approach to the subacute and chronic effects of SARS-CoV-2 that are most relevant to anesthesiology practice.

RECENT FINDINGS: In 2024, COVID-19 remains a concern for anesthesiologists due ongoing new infections, evolving viral strains, and relatively low rates of booster vaccination in the general population. A growing body of literature describes the post-COVID-19 syndrome in which patients experience symptoms more than 12 weeks after acute infection. Recent literature describes the lingering effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on all major organ systems, including neurologic, pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, hematologic, and musculoskeletal, and suggests an increased perioperative mortality risk in some populations.

SUMMARY: This review offers anesthesiologists an organ system-based approach to patients with a history of COVID-19. Recognizing the long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection can help anesthesiologists to better evaluate perioperative risk, anticipate clinical challenges, and thereby optimize patient care.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/therapy/complications
*Perioperative Care/methods
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid38573179,
year = {2024},
author = {Patel, J and Snyder, K and Brooks, AK},
title = {Perioperative pain optimization in the age of the opioid epidemic.},
journal = {Current opinion in anaesthesiology},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {279-284},
pmid = {38573179},
issn = {1473-6500},
mesh = {Humans ; *Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology/prevention & control/etiology ; *Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy/diagnosis ; *Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; *Opioid Epidemic/prevention & control ; *Pain Management/methods/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Perioperative Care/methods/standards ; Buprenorphine/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The opioid epidemic remains a constant and increasing threat to our society with overdoses and overdose deaths rising significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Growing evidence suggests a link between perioperative opioid use, postoperative opioid prescribing, and the development of opioid use disorder (OUD). As a result, strategies to better optimize pain management during the perioperative period are urgently needed. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent multimodal analgesia (MMA) recommendations, summarize evidence for efficacy surrounding the increased utilization of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols, and discuss the implications for rising use of buprenorphine for OUD patients who present for surgery. In addition, this review will explore opportunities to expand our treatment of complex patients via transitional pain services.

RECENT FINDINGS: There is ample evidence to support the benefits of MMA. However, optimal drug combinations remain understudied, presenting a target area for future research. ERAS protocols provide a more systematic and targeted approach for implementing MMA. ERAS protocols also allow for a more comprehensive approach to perioperative pain management by necessitating the involvement of surgical specialists. Increasingly, OUD patients taking buprenorphine are presenting for surgery. Recent guidance from a multisociety OUD working group recommends that buprenorphine not be routinely discontinued or tapered perioperatively. Lastly, there is emerging evidence to justify the use of transitional pain services for more comprehensive treatment of complex patients, like those with chronic pain, preoperative opioid tolerance, or substance use disorder.

SUMMARY: Perioperative physicians must be aware of the impact of the opioid epidemic and explore methods like MMA techniques, ERAS protocols, and transitional pain services to improve the perioperative pain experience and decrease the risks of opioid-related harm.},
}

Humans
*Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology/prevention & control/etiology
*Pain, Postoperative/drug therapy/diagnosis
*Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects/therapeutic use
*Opioid Epidemic/prevention & control
*Pain Management/methods/adverse effects
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Perioperative Care/methods/standards
Buprenorphine/therapeutic use/adverse effects
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery

@article {pmid38536761,
year = {2024},
author = {Cuomo, A and Barillà, G and Cattolico, M and Pardossi, S and Mariantoni, E and Koukouna, D and Carmellini, P and Fagiolini, A},
title = {Perspectives on the impact of vortioxetine on the treatment armamentarium of major depressive disorder.},
journal = {Expert review of neurotherapeutics},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {465-476},
doi = {10.1080/14737175.2024.2333394},
pmid = {38536761},
issn = {1744-8360},
mesh = {Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Anxiety/complications ; Cognitive Dysfunction/complications/drug therapy ; *Depressive Disorder, Major/complications/drug therapy/psychology ; Emotions/drug effects ; Escitalopram/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/complications ; Precision Medicine ; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Serotonin/metabolism ; *Vortioxetine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Animals ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a mental health issue that significantly affects patients' quality of life and functioning. Despite available treatments, many patients continue to suffer due to incomplete symptom resolution and side effects.

AREAS COVERED: This manuscript examines Vortioxetine's role in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) treatment, highlighting its potential to reshape therapeutic strategies due to its unique Multimodal action and proven broad-spectrum efficacy in multiple depressive domains. A detailed examination of Vortioxetine's pharmacological aspects, including indications, dosage, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics, is provided, emphasizing its safety and effectiveness. The discussion extends to Vortioxetine's role in acute-phase treatment and maintenance of MDD and its profound impact on specialized depression domains.

EXPERT OPINION: Vortioxetine is distinguished for its novel multimodal serotonin modulation mechanism, showcasing significant promise as an innovative treatment for MDD. Its efficacy, which is dose-dependent, along with a commendable tolerability profile, positions it as a potential leading option for initial treatment strategies. The discourse on dosage titration, particularly the strategy of initiating treatment at lower doses followed by gradual escalation, underscores the approach toward minimizing initial adverse effects while optimizing therapeutic outcomes, aligning with the principles of personalized medicine in psychiatric care.},
}

Antidepressive Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Anxiety/complications
Cognitive Dysfunction/complications/drug therapy
*Depressive Disorder, Major/complications/drug therapy/psychology
Emotions/drug effects
Escitalopram/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/complications
Precision Medicine
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Serotonin/metabolism
*Vortioxetine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Humans
Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism
Animals

@article {pmid38533854,
year = {2024},
author = {Marinus, T and Foster, TL and Tych, KM},
title = {The application of single-molecule optical tweezers to study disease-related structural dynamics in RNA.},
journal = {Biochemical Society transactions},
volume = {52},
number = {2},
pages = {899-909},
doi = {10.1042/BST20231232},
pmid = {38533854},
issn = {1470-8752},
mesh = {*Optical Tweezers ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; *Single Molecule Imaging/methods ; *COVID-19/virology ; Humans ; RNA, Viral/chemistry ; RNA/chemistry ; Frameshifting, Ribosomal ; RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; },
abstract = {RNA, a dynamic and flexible molecule with intricate three-dimensional structures, has myriad functions in disease development. Traditional methods, such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance, face limitations in capturing real-time, single-molecule dynamics crucial for understanding RNA function. This review explores the transformative potential of single-molecule force spectroscopy using optical tweezers, showcasing its capability to directly probe time-dependent structural rearrangements of individual RNA molecules. Optical tweezers offer versatility in exploring diverse conditions, with the potential to provide insights into how environmental changes, ligands and RNA-binding proteins impact RNA behaviour. By enabling real-time observations of large-scale structural dynamics, optical tweezers emerge as an invaluable tool for advancing our comprehension of RNA structure and function. Here, we showcase their application in elucidating the dynamics of RNA elements in virology, such as the pseudoknot governing ribosomal frameshifting in SARS-CoV-2.},
}

*Optical Tweezers
*Nucleic Acid Conformation
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics
*Single Molecule Imaging/methods
*COVID-19/virology
Humans
RNA, Viral/chemistry
RNA/chemistry
Frameshifting, Ribosomal
RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism

@article {pmid38520379,
year = {2024},
author = {Colvin, MK and Reesman, J and Glen, T},
title = {Altered Trajectories: Considering the Long-Term Impact of Educational Disruption during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurodevelopment and a Call to Action for Neuropsychology.},
journal = {Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {305-312},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acae021},
pmid = {38520379},
issn = {1873-5843},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Child ; Adolescent ; *Neuropsychology/methods ; Child Development/physiology ; Schools ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in educational disruption of historic breadth and duration. The impact of school closures and remote learning have been evaluated in recent studies and reflect critical data for neuropsychologists who routinely assess brain development as it relates to diagnosis, recommendations, and informing public policy.

METHOD: Pre-pandemic and contemporaneous literature was summarized, including data on educational disruption and child and adolescent mental health challenges reported during the pandemic, and research on the impact of stress, social isolation, educational achievement, and other factors on brain development during critical developmental windows.

RESULTS: Studies indicate that prolonged educational disruption has resulted in attenuated learning gains, most remarkably for those already at risk for educational disparities. Studies have shown increased mental health challenges for youth during the pandemic, with higher rates of mood and eating disorders, and suicidal ideation. Given that some skills develop optimally within specific time periods, pandemic-related disruption has likely contributed to altered developmental trajectories.

CONCLUSION: Trajectory of neuropsychological development of children and adolescents, especially marginalized students, may be affected by effects on learning and mental health due to prolonged educational disruption and psychological stressors. Evaluation and treatment may be delayed due to backlog and increased demand. Clinical neuropsychological practice recommendations are presented with a call to action for the field in moving forward flexibly to increase access to evaluation services.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
Child
Adolescent
*Neuropsychology/methods
Child Development/physiology
Schools

@article {pmid38520374,
year = {2024},
author = {Garmoe, W and Rao, K and Gorter, B and Kantor, R},
title = {Neurocognitive Impairment in Post-COVID-19 Condition in Adults: Narrative Review of the Current Literature.},
journal = {Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {276-289},
doi = {10.1093/arclin/acae017},
pmid = {38520374},
issn = {1873-5843},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus has, up to the time of this article, resulted in >770 million cases of COVID-19 illness worldwide, and approximately 7 million deaths, including >1.1 million in the United States. Although defined as a respiratory virus, early in the pandemic, it became apparent that considerable numbers of people recovering from COVID-19 illness experienced persistence or new onset of multi-system health problems, including neurologic and cognitive and behavioral health concerns. Persistent multi-system health problems are defined as Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC), Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19, or Long COVID. A significant number of those with PCC report cognitive problems. This paper reviews the current state of scientific knowledge on persisting cognitive symptoms in adults following COVID-19 illness. A brief history is provided of the emergence of concerns about persisting cognitive problems following COVID-19 illness and the definition of PCC. Methodologic factors that complicate clear understanding of PCC are reviewed. The review then examines research on patterns of cognitive impairment that have been found, factors that may contribute to increased risk, behavioral health variables, and interventions being used to ameliorate persisting symptoms. Finally, recommendations are made about ways neuropsychologists can improve the quality of existing research.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/psychology
*Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology
Adult
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid38437245,
year = {2024},
author = {Howard, LM and Grijalva, CG},
title = {Impact of respiratory viral infections on nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonization dynamics in children.},
journal = {Current opinion in infectious diseases},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {170-175},
pmid = {38437245},
issn = {1473-6527},
mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology/virology ; *Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Child ; *Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control/microbiology ; *Nasopharynx/microbiology/virology ; COVID-19/microbiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Child, Preschool ; Coinfection/microbiology ; Virus Diseases ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Prevention of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children is a global health priority, as these remain a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world. As new products and strategies to prevent respiratory infections caused by important pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and pneumococcus are advancing, increasing evidence suggests that these and other respiratory viruses and pneumococci may exhibit interactions that are associated with altered colonization and disease dynamics. We aim to review recent data evaluating interactions between respiratory viruses and pneumococci in the upper respiratory tract and their potential impact on pneumococcal colonization patterns and disease outcomes.

RECENT FINDINGS: While interactions between influenza infection and subsequent increased susceptibility and transmissibility of colonizing pneumococci have been widely reported in the literature, emerging evidence suggests that human rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and other viruses may also exhibit interactions with pneumococci and alter pneumococcal colonization patterns. Additionally, colonizing pneumococci may play a role in modifying outcomes associated with respiratory viral infections. Recent evidence suggests that vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, and prevention of colonization with pneumococcal serotypes included in these vaccines, may be associated with reducing the risk of subsequent viral infection and the severity of the associated illnesses.

SUMMARY: Understanding the direction and dynamics of viral-pneumococcal interactions may elucidate the potential effects of existing and emerging viral and bacterial vaccines and other preventive strategies on the health impact of these important respiratory pathogens.},
}

Humans
*Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology/virology
*Streptococcus pneumoniae
Child
*Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control/microbiology
*Nasopharynx/microbiology/virology
COVID-19/microbiology
SARS-CoV-2
Pneumococcal Vaccines
Child, Preschool
Coinfection/microbiology
Virus Diseases

@article {pmid38390920,
year = {2024},
author = {Abrams, J and Mahoney, B},
title = {The importance of simulation-based multi professional training in obstetric anesthesia: an update.},
journal = {Current opinion in anaesthesiology},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {239-244},
pmid = {38390920},
issn = {1473-6500},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods ; *Simulation Training/methods ; Pregnancy ; *COVID-19 ; *Anesthesiology/education ; *Patient Care Team/standards ; Clinical Competence ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Simulation-based training remains an integral component of medical education by providing a well tolerated, controlled, and replicable environment for healthcare professionals to enhance their skills and improve patient outcomes. Simulation technology applied to obstetric anesthesiology continues to evolve as a valuable tool for the training and assessment of the multidisciplinary obstetric care team.

RECENT FINDINGS: Simulation-based technology has continued to play a role in training and assessment, including recent work on interdisciplinary communication, recognition, and management of obstetric hemorrhage, and support in the low or strained resource setting. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the evolution of simulation-based training away from a reliance on in-situ or high-fidelity manikin-based approaches toward an increasing utilization of modalities that allow for remote or asynchronous training.

SUMMARY: The evolution of simulation for interdisciplinary training and assessment in obstetric anesthesia has accelerated, playing a greater role in aspects of communication, management of hemorrhage and supporting low or strained resource settings. Augmented reality, virtual reality and mixed reality have advanced dramatically, spurred on by the need for remote and asynchronous simulation-based training during the pandemic.},
}

Humans
Female
*Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods
*Simulation Training/methods
Pregnancy
*COVID-19
*Anesthesiology/education
*Patient Care Team/standards
Clinical Competence

@article {pmid38063433,
year = {2024},
author = {Joshi, G and Das, A and Verma, G and Guchhait, P},
title = {Viral infection and host immune response in diabetes.},
journal = {IUBMB life},
volume = {76},
number = {5},
pages = {242-266},
doi = {10.1002/iub.2794},
pmid = {38063433},
issn = {1521-6551},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/pathogenicity ; Virus Diseases/immunology/virology ; Immunity, Innate ; Diabetes Mellitus/immunology/virology ; Dengue/immunology/virology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology/virology ; Influenza, Human/immunology/virology ; Adaptive Immunity ; },
abstract = {Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder disrupting blood sugar regulation, has emerged as a prominent silent pandemic. Uncontrolled diabetes predisposes an individual to develop fatal complications like cardiovascular disorders, kidney damage, and neuropathies and aggravates the severity of treatable infections. Escalating cases of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes correlate with a global upswing in diabetes-linked mortality. As a growing global concern with limited preventive interventions, diabetes necessitates extensive research to mitigate its healthcare burden and assist ailing patients. An altered immune system exacerbated by chronic hyperinflammation heightens the susceptibility of diabetic individuals to microbial infections, including notable viruses like SARS-CoV-2, dengue, and influenza. Given such a scenario, we scrutinized the literature and compiled molecular pathways and signaling cascades related to immune compartments in diabetics that escalate the severity associated with the above-mentioned viral infections in them as compared to healthy individuals. The pathogenesis of these viral infections that trigger diabetes compromises both innate and adaptive immune functions and pre-existing diabetes also leads to heightened disease severity. Lastly, this review succinctly outlines available treatments for diabetics, which may hold promise as preventive or supportive measures to effectively combat these viral infections in the former.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/virology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/pathogenicity
Virus Diseases/immunology/virology
Immunity, Innate
Diabetes Mellitus/immunology/virology
Dengue/immunology/virology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology/virology
Influenza, Human/immunology/virology
Adaptive Immunity

@article {pmid38626281,
year = {2021},
author = {Ramamurthy, D and Nundalall, T and Cingo, S and Mungra, N and Karaan, M and Naran, K and Barth, S},
title = {Recent advances in immunotherapies against infectious diseases.},
journal = {Immunotherapy advances},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {ltaa007},
pmid = {38626281},
issn = {2732-4303},
abstract = {Immunotherapies are disease management strategies that target or manipulate components of the immune system. Infectious diseases pose a significant threat to human health as evidenced by countries continuing to grapple with several emerging and re-emerging diseases, the most recent global health threat being the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. As such, various immunotherapeutic approaches are increasingly being investigated as alternative therapies for infectious diseases, resulting in significant advances towards the uncovering of pathogen-host immunity interactions. Novel and innovative therapeutic strategies are necessary to overcome the challenges typically faced by existing infectious disease prevention and control methods such as lack of adequate efficacy, drug toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance. As evidenced by recent developments and success of pharmaceuticals such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immunotherapies already show abundant promise to overcome such limitations while also advancing the frontiers of medicine. In this review, we summarize some of the most notable inroads made to combat infectious disease, over mainly the last 5 years, through the use of immunotherapies such as vaccines, mAb-based therapies, T-cell-based therapies, manipulation of cytokine levels, and checkpoint inhibition. While its most general applications are founded in cancer treatment, advances made towards the curative treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, malaria, zika virus and, most recently COVID-19, reinforce the role of immunotherapeutic strategies in the broader field of disease control. Ultimately, the comprehensive specificity, safety, and cost of immunotherapeutics will impact its widespread implementation.},
}

@article {pmid38625840,
year = {2024},
author = {Ntwali, F and Gilliaux, Q and Honoré, PM},
title = {Nivolumab-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {25},
number = {},
pages = {e941835},
pmid = {38625840},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/chemically induced/drug therapy/pathology ; Nivolumab/adverse effects ; Cytokines ; *COVID-19 ; *Sepsis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND CRS (cytokine release syndrome) is a massive activation of the inflammatory system characterized by a supra-physiological rate of inflammatory cytokines. The interleukin 6 cytokine plays a central role in CRS. The main clinical sign of CRS is fever, but CRS can lead to multiple organ failure in severe cases. CRS is usually described in sepsis, more recently in SARS COV-2 infection, and in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. However, it can also be associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which is infrequently described. ICI have growing indications and can lead to CRS by causing an uncontrolled activation of the immune system. There are currently no treatment guidelines for ICI-induced CRS. CASE REPORT We report a rare case of grade 3 CRS induced by nivolumab associated with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin for gastric cancer. The patient was 65-year-old man with an adenocarcinoma of the cardia. CRS developed during the tenth course of treatment and was characterized by fever, hypotension requiring vasopressors, hypoxemia, acute kidney injury, and thrombopenia. The patient was transferred quickly to the Intensive Care Unit. He was treated for suspected sepsis, but it was ruled out after multiple laboratory examinations. There was rapid resolution after infusion of hydrocortisone. CONCLUSIONS The use of ICIs is expanding. Nivolumab-induced CRS is rarely described but can be severe and lead to multiple organ dysfunction; therefore, intensive care practitioners should be informed about this adverse effect. More studies are needed to better understand this condition and establish treatment guidelines.},
}

Male
Humans
Aged
Cytokine Release Syndrome/chemically induced/drug therapy/pathology
Nivolumab/adverse effects
Cytokines
*COVID-19
*Sepsis

@article {pmid38625639,
year = {2024},
author = {Zaeri, N},
title = {Artificial intelligence and machine learning responses to COVID-19 related inquiries.},
journal = {Journal of medical engineering & technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-20},
doi = {10.1080/03091902.2024.2321846},
pmid = {38625639},
issn = {1464-522X},
abstract = {Researchers and scientists can use computational-based models to turn linked data into useful information, aiding in disease diagnosis, examination, and viral containment due to recent artificial intelligence and machine learning breakthroughs. In this paper, we extensively study the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in delivering efficient responses to the COVID-19 pandemic almost four years after its start. In this regard, we examine a large number of critical studies conducted by various academic and research communities from multiple disciplines, as well as practical implementations of artificial intelligence algorithms that suggest potential solutions in investigating different COVID-19 decision-making scenarios. We identify numerous areas where artificial intelligence and machine learning can impact this context, including diagnosis (using chest X-ray imaging and CT imaging), severity, tracking, treatment, and the drug industry. Furthermore, we analyse the dilemma's limits, restrictions, and hazards.},
}

@article {pmid38625625,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, X and Wu, Y and Huo, Z and Zhang, L and Jing, S and Dai, Z and Huang, Y and Si, M and Xin, Y and Qu, Y and Tang, S and Su, X},
title = {COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among People Living with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {AIDS and behavior},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38625625},
issn = {1573-3254},
support = {CAMS 2021- I2M-1-004//Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Initiative for Innovative Medicine/ ; SZSM202211032//Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen/ ; },
abstract = {Vaccine hesitancy is one of the top 10 threats to global health, which affects the prevalence and fatality of vaccine-preventable diseases over the world. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people living with HIV (PLWH) may have higher risks of infection, more serious complications, and worse prognosis without the protection of the COVID-19 vaccine. A systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWH was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies published between January 1, 2020, and August 31, 2022. The pooled prevalence with a corresponding 95%CI of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWH was reported. Subgroup analysis was conducted to explore variation in prevalence across different categories. 23 studies with a total of 19,922 PLWH were included in this study. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWH was 34.0%, and the influencing factors included male, influenza vaccination experience, and a CD4 count of more than 200 cells/mm[3]. Subgroup analysis did not identify significant causes of heterogeneity but showed that the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among PLWH varies by study period, region, and race. Although all PLWH are recommended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, a large proportion of them remain hesitant to be vaccinated. Therefore, governments and relevant institutions should take specific measures to encourage and promote vaccination to improve the coverage of the COVID-19 vaccine among PLWH.},
}

@article {pmid38401344,
year = {2024},
author = {O'Connor, S},
title = {Over twenty years of pedagogical research from Nurse Education in Practice: A bibliometric analysis from 2001 to 2023.},
journal = {Nurse education in practice},
volume = {76},
number = {},
pages = {103912},
doi = {10.1016/j.nepr.2024.103912},
pmid = {38401344},
issn = {1873-5223},
mesh = {Humans ; *Bibliometrics ; *Education, Nursing ; Learning ; Students, Nursing ; United Kingdom ; United States ; },
abstract = {AIM: To present a bibliometric overview of pedagogical research from Nurse Education in Practice from its inception in 2001 up until 2023.

BACKGROUND: Bibliometric methods are useful in analysing and understanding the characteristics of scientific publications in a particular field and the influence of specific journals. However, no bibliometric analysis of a nurse education journal has been undertaken to date which would highlight important research trends in this area of nursing and midwifery.

METHODS: A total of 2231 publications (articles and reviews only) from Nursing Education in Practice were retrieved from the Scopus database between 2001 and 2023. Several software applications including Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer were used to undertake bibliometric analysis on this dataset. Publication trends such as country analysis, author analysis, keywords analyses (cluster, content and trend analysis) were generated to help understand the volume and scope of pedagogical nursing and midwifery research in this journal.

RESULTS: There has been a steady increase in pedagogical research from Nurse Education in Practice since its launch in 2001 up until 2018, with a dip in publications in 2022 most likely due to the impact of restrictions during the coronavirus pandemic. The most prolific institutions publishing in the journal are mainly from the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States, with over eighty countries represented demonstrating its global reach and impact. Nursing students, nursing education, simulation and learning are some of the most frequent author keywords.

CONCLUSION: The diversity of pedagogies in nursing and midwifery education, clinical learning and supervision in practice environments, and competence and confidence when transitioning to practice are the most popular research areas in Nurse Education in Practice. This study informs nurse and midwife educators and scholars about the volume and scope of pedagogical research in nursing and midwifery. It also makes recommendations on how to improve aspects of scholarship in education and areas for future pedagogical research.},
}

Humans
*Bibliometrics
*Education, Nursing
Learning
Students, Nursing
United Kingdom
United States

@article {pmid38286949,
year = {2024},
author = {Delbrück, H and Lambertz, E and Migliorini, F and Berger, N and Hildebrand, F},
title = {Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalisations at a paediatric traumatology department during 2020: a single-centre observational study and comprehensive literature review.},
journal = {European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society},
volume = {50},
number = {2},
pages = {591-601},
pmid = {38286949},
issn = {1863-9941},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; Male ; Child, Preschool ; *Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; *Wounds and Injuries/therapy/epidemiology ; *Trauma Centers/statistics & numerical data ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Infant ; Pandemics ; Traumatology ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: The study investigates changes in the injury characteristics of hospitalised children in a paediatric trauma centre during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Data from injured children from the pre-pandemic year 2019 were compared to the pandemic year 2020 using Pearson's chi-squared test and the Mann-Whitney U test. The period of highly restrictive regulations (HRP) was evaluated separately. A comprehensive literature review with defined search terms resulted in a descriptive data synthesis.

RESULTS: Data from 865 patients indicated reductions in admissions of 5.6% and 54.4% during the HRP. In 2020, the hospitalisation time was longer (2.2 ± 2.7 days in 2019 vs. 2.4 ± 2.6 in 2020, p = 0.045); the proportions of wounds requiring surgical therapy (p = 0.008) and of observational treatments, primarily for mild brain injuries (p = 0.046), were higher; and conservative treatments, primarily for contusions, were lower (p = 0.005). There were no significant changes in age, location of lesions, or frequency of surgical therapy; nor were there differences in the HRP, except for fewer injuries in school and kindergarten (p < 0.001). The literature review summarises the main results of 79 studies.

CONCLUSION: Limited resources did not alter the indications for surgical therapy. Further studies should examine whether the more common injuries sustained at home were caused by excessive work/childcare demands on parents. Reduced inpatient conservative treatment implies that hospital resources possibly were overused previously. The literature offers answers to many detailed questions regarding childhood injuries during a pandemic and more efficient safe treatment. Registration Ethical committee of RWTH Aachen University EK 22-320; Center for Translational & Clinical Research RWTH Aachen University (CTC-A) 21-430.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Child
Male
Child, Preschool
*Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
Female
*Wounds and Injuries/therapy/epidemiology
*Trauma Centers/statistics & numerical data
Adolescent
SARS-CoV-2
Infant
Pandemics
Traumatology

@article {pmid38235784,
year = {2024},
author = {Lee, A and Kim, S and Noh, W},
title = {Learning Environments in Undergraduate Nursing Education During COVID-19: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Nurse educator},
volume = {49},
number = {3},
pages = {E136-E141},
pmid = {38235784},
issn = {1538-9855},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/organization & administration ; *Nursing Education Research ; *Students, Nursing/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; *Learning ; Nursing Evaluation Research ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic radically changed nursing education.

PURPOSE: To map the existing literature on learning environments (LEs) in undergraduate nursing education during COVID-19 and identify the LE elements based on the 4 domains of Gruppen's conceptual framework: personal, social, organizational, and physical and virtual spaces.

METHOD: Eligible articles were reviewed using the Joanna Briggs framework.

RESULTS: The search retrieved 5003 articles, of which 80 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were cross-sectional and conducted in the United States. Of the studies included, 68 studies focused on the personal component of students, 67 investigated physical and virtual space components, 19 examined the social domain, and 15 examined organizational aspects.

CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly influenced the LE of nursing students. Based on the current review of LE in nursing education, nurse educators and researchers can develop interventions to maintain the quality and accessibility of nursing education in future crises.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate/organization & administration
*Nursing Education Research
*Students, Nursing/psychology/statistics & numerical data
*Learning
Nursing Evaluation Research

@article {pmid38625335,
year = {2023},
author = {Bartholomew, DC and Nwaigwe, CC and Orumie, UC and Nwafor, GO},
title = {Intervention Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination in Nigeria: The Naive Solution Versus Interrupted Time Series.},
journal = {Annals of data science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-26},
pmid = {38625335},
issn = {2198-5812},
abstract = {In this paper, an intervention analysis approach was applied to daily cases of COVID-19 in Nigeria in order to evaluate the utilization and effect of the COVID-19 vaccine administered in the country. Data on the daily report of COVID-19 cases in Nigeria were collected and subjected to two models: the naïve solution and the interrupted time series (the intervention model). Based on the Alkaike Information Criterion (AIC), sigma[2], and log likelihood values, the interrupted time series model outperformed the Naïve solution model. ARIMA (4, 1, 4) with exogenous variables was identified as the best model. It was observed that the intervention (vaccination) was not significant at the 5% level of significance in reducing the number of daily COVID-19 cases in Nigeria since the start of the vaccination on March 5, 2021, until March 28, 2022. Also, the ARIMA (4, 1, 4) forecasts indicated that there will be surge in the number of daily COVID-19 cases in Nigeria between January and April 2023. As a result, we recommend strict adherence to COVID-19 protocols as well as further vaccination and sensitization programs to educate people on the importance of vaccine uptake and avoid Corona virus spread in the year 2023 and beyond.},
}

@article {pmid38625264,
year = {2023},
author = {Gorjian, H and Khaligh, NG},
title = {Myrtle: a versatile medicinal plant.},
journal = {Nutrire : revista de Sociedade Brasileira de Alimentacao e Nutricao = journal of the Brazilian Society of Food and Nutrition},
volume = {48},
number = {1},
pages = {10},
pmid = {38625264},
issn = {2316-7874},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Myrtus, commonly called myrtle, is a genus of flowering plants in the Myrtaceae family. This study aimed to review myrtle's pharmaceutical, food, and other uses. The pharmacological effects of myrtle for antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities, reduction of COVID-19 symptoms, anti-diabetic in the animal model, hepatoprotective in the rat model, antihypertensive, control of intestinal helminthiasis in mice model, inhibition of glucosyltransferase activity, protective effect on oxidative metabolism in the hypothyroidism model, and reducing the damage caused by skin burns are reviewed. In addition, the food uses of this plant such as improving the oxidative and microbial stability of products containing salmon, antimicrobial activity in meat and dairy products, flavoring in sea salt, microbial improvement of fresh fruits during post-harvest storage, animal nutrition, and bio-oil production are summarized.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41110-023-00194-y.},
}

@article {pmid38625342,
year = {2022},
author = {Rehman, M and Yanen, W and Mushtaq, RT and Ishfaq, K and Zahoor, S and Ahmed, A and Kumar, MS and Gueyee, T and Rahman, MM and Sultana, J},
title = {Additive manufacturing for biomedical applications: a review on classification, energy consumption, and its appreciable role since COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Progress in additive manufacturing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-35},
pmid = {38625342},
issn = {2363-9520},
abstract = {The exponential rise of healthcare problems like human aging and road traffic accidents have developed an intrinsic challenge to biomedical sectors concerning the arrangement of patient-specific biomedical products. The additively manufactured implants and scaffolds have captured global attention over the last two decades concerning their printing quality and ease of manufacturing. However, the inherent challenges associated with additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, namely process selection, level of complexity, printing speed, resolution, biomaterial choice, and consumed energy, still pose several limitations on their use. Recently, the whole world has faced severe supply chain disruptions of personal protective equipment and basic medical facilities due to a respiratory disease known as the coronavirus (COVID-19). In this regard, local and global AM manufacturers have printed biomedical products to level the supply-demand equation. The potential of AM technologies for biomedical applications before, during, and post-COVID-19 pandemic alongwith its relation to the industry 4.0 (I4.0) concept is discussed herein. Moreover, additive manufacturing technologies are studied in this work concerning their working principle, classification, materials, processing variables, output responses, merits, challenges, and biomedical applications. Different factors affecting the sustainable performance in AM for biomedical applications are discussed with more focus on the comparative examination of consumed energy to determine which process is more sustainable. The recent advancements in the field like 4D printing and 5D printing are useful for the successful implementation of I4.0 to combat any future pandemic scenario. The potential of hybrid printing, multi-materials printing, and printing with smart materials, has been identified as hot research areas to produce scaffolds and implants in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and orthopedic implants.},
}

@article {pmid38625211,
year = {2022},
author = {Hua, J and Li, J and Jiang, Y and Xie, S and Shi, Y and Pan, L},
title = {Skin-Attachable Sensors for Biomedical Applications.},
journal = {Biomedical materials & devices (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
pmid = {38625211},
issn = {2731-4820},
abstract = {With the growing concern about human health issues, especially during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for personalized healthcare regarding disease prevention and recovery is increasing. However, tremendous challenges lie in both limited public medical resources and costly medical diagnosis approaches. Recently, skin-attachable sensors have emerged as promising health monitoring platforms to overcome such difficulties. Owing to the advantages of good comfort and high signal-to-noise ratio, skin-attachable sensors enable household, real-time, and long-term detection of weak physiological signals to efficiently and accurately monitor human motion, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, lung and heart sound, glucose, and biomarkers in biomedical applications. To further improve the integration level of biomedical skin-attachable sensors, efforts have been made in combining multiple sensing techniques with elaborate structural designs. This review summarizes the recent advances in different functional skin-attachable sensors, which monitor physical and chemical indicators of the human body. The advantages, shortcomings, and integration strategies of different mechanisms are presented. Specially, we highlight sensors monitoring pulmonary function such as respiratory rate and blood oxygen saturation for their potential usage in the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the future development of skin-attachable sensors is envisioned.},
}

@article {pmid38626259,
year = {2022},
author = {Mathis, A and Rooks, R},
title = {Geographic Differences in Vaccine Hesitancy Among Older Adults.},
journal = {The Public policy and aging report},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {prac019},
pmid = {38626259},
issn = {1055-3037},
}

@article {pmid38625230,
year = {2022},
author = {Sheth, A and Sushra, T and Kshirsagar, A and Shah, M},
title = {Global Economic Impact in Stock and Commodity Markets during Covid-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Annals of data science},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {889-907},
pmid = {38625230},
issn = {2198-5812},
abstract = {The outbreak of the novel coronavirus led everyone globally to face various setbacks. Such a sector that oversaw several shocks worldwide was the financial sector, namely the stock and the commodity markets. Both the markets had different and unprecedented reactions in the different corners of the world. This was due to several reasons like government intervention, welfare policies, investor behaviour etc. This paper discusses that topic in further detail, with examples and studies from all around the planet. The main objective is to expand the pre-existing knowledge on how different regions had different reactions to the pandemic and the policies that it brought along. The stock market, in general, faced an adverse shock that led to low investments and careful foreign investment. The commodity market saw the prices of all commodities on an upward trend except for gold which observed a downward trend. Moreover, this paper also discusses the future scope and the challenges that might be faced by the markets further down the line.},
}

@article {pmid38625191,
year = {2022},
author = {Turay, B},
title = {Flood hazard management in a multiple hazard context: a systematic review of flood hazard management during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa.},
journal = {Discover water},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {6},
pmid = {38625191},
issn = {2730-647X},
abstract = {Result-oriented research can uncover hidden flood management obstacles and propose solutions that, if combined with political will, appropriate technology, and resources, can overcome the majority of Africa's future flood calamities. In view of this, it is critical to examine researchers' findings on flood hazard management, particularly now that the continent is struggling with COVID-19 and other hazards. This study employed a systematic review approach to critically analyze 103 contextually detailed studies with a set of criteria that were not only meant to keep the focus on floods and the COVID-19 pandemic but also to understand the context of managing floods during COVID-19 and other hazards at the same time on the continent. I found that the authors strongly recommend how institutions should create non-structural enabling environments for managing combined hazards. Also, researchers paid little attention to recommending ecosystem-based measures for flood management during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. Future research should study how different countries in Africa are preparing to manage multiple future hazards, including the comparative assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of individual countries' planning and preparation.},
}

@article {pmid38624975,
year = {2022},
author = {Metz, JK and Hittinger, M and Lehr, CM},
title = {In vitro tools for orally inhaled drug products-state of the art for their application in pharmaceutical research and industry and regulatory challenges.},
journal = {In vitro models},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {29-40},
pmid = {38624975},
issn = {2731-3441},
abstract = {The drug development process is a lengthy and expensive challenge for all involved players. Experience with the COVID-19 pandemic underlines the need for a rapid and effective approval for treatment options. As essential prerequisites for successful drug approval, a combination of high-quality studies and reliable research must be included. To this day, mainly in vivo data are requested and collected for assessing safety and efficacy and are therefore decisive for the pre-clinical evaluation of the respective drug. This review aims to summarize the current state of the art for safety and efficacy studies in pharmaceutical research and industry to address the relevant regulatory challenges and to provide an outlook on implementing more in vitro methods as alternative to animal testing. While the public demand for alternative methods is becoming louder, first examples have meanwhile found acceptance in relevant guidelines, e.g. the OECD guidelines for skin sensitizer. Besides ethically driven developments, also the rather low throughput and relatively high costs of animal experiments are forcing the industry towards the implementation of alternative methods. In this context, the development of orally inhaled drug products is particularly challenging due to the complexity of the lung as biological barrier and route of administration. The replacement of animal experiments with focus on the lungs requires special designed tools to achieve predictive data. New in vitro test systems of increasing complexity are presented in this review. Limits and advantages are discussed to provide some perspective for a future in vitro testing strategy for orally inhaled drug products.},
}

@article {pmid38626271,
year = {2021},
author = {Bertoletti, A and Tan, AT and Le Bert, N},
title = {The T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2: kinetic and quantitative aspects and the case for their protective role.},
journal = {Oxford open immunology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {iqab006},
pmid = {38626271},
issn = {2633-6960},
abstract = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19), triggers an adaptive immunity in the infected host that results in the production of virus-specific antibodies and T cells. Although kinetic and quantitative aspects of antibodies have been analyzed in large patient cohorts, similar information about SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are scarce. We summarize the available knowledge of quantitative and temporal features of the SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response in this review. Currently, most of the data are derived only from the analysis of the circulatory compartment. Despite this limitation, early appearance, multi-specificity and functionality of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are associated with accelerated viral clearance and with protection from severe COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid38624957,
year = {2021},
author = {Mantoan, E and Centeno, V and Feijo, C and , },
title = {Why has the Brazilian economy stagnated in the 2010s? A Minskyan analysis of the behavior of non-financial companies in a financialized economy.},
journal = {Review of evolutionary political economy},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {529-550},
pmid = {38624957},
issn = {2662-6144},
abstract = {The Brazilian economy entered a deep recession in 2015-2016 and since then has shown a sluggish recovery. In this paper, we offer an interpretation for the slow growth based on Minsky's financial instability hypothesis and recent literature on financialization and growth. We analyze the balance sheet of large non-financial companies over the period 2012-2019, a period that comprises the positive investment cycle-initiated during the commodities boom which lasted from the second half of the 2000s until 2014-the 2015-2016 recession, and the period preceding the shock of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on Minsky's taxonomy of financial profiles, we map a proxy for financial instability at the firm level based on Davis et al. (2019). We also propose an aggregate financial stability index. We conclude that after the 2015-2016 recession, companies have been restructuring their debt profile and adopting a defensive behavior, increasing their liquidity preference. Our analysis supports the interpretation that, even with the sharp fall in domestic real interest rates, the degree of confidence on expectations to recover investment in productive assets is low. This corroborates with the thesis that agents' decisions do not respond only to supply stimulus, but are guided by expectations of future returns, which fundamentally depend on the performance of aggregate demand. Since 2015, Brazilian economic policy has been driven by fiscal consolidation, which has proven ineffective in increasing economic growth.},
}

@article {pmid38624923,
year = {2021},
author = {Srivastava, P and Dhyani, S and Emmanuel, MA and Khan, AS},
title = {COVID-19 and environment: a poignant reminder of sustainability in the new normal.},
journal = {Environmental sustainability (Singapore)},
volume = {4},
number = {4},
pages = {649-670},
pmid = {38624923},
issn = {2523-8922},
abstract = {The nexus of COVID-19 and environment is conspicuously deep-rooted. The roles of environmental factors in the origin, transmission and spread of COVID-19 and the mutual impact of the pandemic on the global environment have been the two perspectives to view this nexus. The present paper attempts to systematically review the existing literature to understand and explore the linkages of COVID-19 with environment and proposes conceptual frameworks to underline this nexus. Our study indicates a critical role of meteorological factors, ambient air pollutants and wastewater in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) transmission-spread dynamics. The study also focuses on the direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 on the regional and global environment. Most of the indirect environmental effects of COVID-19 were attributed to global human confinement that resulted from the implementation of the pandemic containment measures. This worldwide anthropogenic 'pause' sent ripples to all environmental compartments and presented a unique test bed to identify anthropogenic impacts on the earth's natural systems. The review further addresses emerging sustainability challenges in the new normal and their potential solutions. The situation warrants critical attention to the environment-COVID-19 nexus and innovative sustainable practices to address the ramifications of short- and long-term environmental impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid38624829,
year = {2021},
author = {Sharma, S and Singh, A and Banerjee, T},
title = {Antibacterial agents used in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Environmental sustainability (Singapore)},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {503-513},
pmid = {38624829},
issn = {2523-8922},
abstract = {There have been speculations regarding rise in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally owing to indiscriminate antibiotic usage during the COVID-19 pandemic. To curb the menace through decisive policies, it is essential to assess the antibiotics, particularly the antibacterial agents. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to assess antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients. A thorough systematic search was undertaken in databases like PubMed, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, World Health Organization (WHO) database and clinicaltrials.gov by two independent reviewers for articles in English published from January 1, 2019 to October 31, 2020. Studies were included if they assessed confirmed COVID-19 cases and mentioned the use of antibiotics. The primary outcome was the proportion of COVID-19 patients subjected to specific antibacterial agents. An attempt to stratify the data based on study settings and disease severity was also performed. Of the total 6012 studies screened, 40 were eligible for qualitative review and 19 for meta-analysis. Specific antibacterial agents were mentioned in 23 studies (57.5%). In the random effect meta-analysis, pooled prevalence of azithromycin use was 24.5% (95% CI 22.9-26.2%) followed by cephalosporins as 26.6% (95% CI 24.9-28.4). None of the studies clearly specified indications for antibiotic use. Ten studies (25%) mentioned empirical use of antibiotics. Bacterial co-infections/secondary infections were documented in four studies with mean prevalence of infection of 1.9% (95% CI 1.2-2.8%). There is lack of data on use of specific antibacterial agents, indications for their use based on severity of infections and microbiological evidence of bacterial co-infections.},
}

@article {pmid38626273,
year = {2020},
author = {Truxillo, DM and Cadiz, DM and Brady, GM},
title = {COVID-19 and its Implications for Research on Work Ability.},
journal = {Work, aging and retirement},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {waaa016},
pmid = {38626273},
issn = {2054-4642},
abstract = {Research into work ability is increasing in the aging workforce literature. We argue that the COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a number of possible gaps in our understanding of the work ability concept itself, its antecedents, and outcomes. We offer future research directions to further examine the theoretical underpinnings of work ability, moderators that may enhance its effects, and ways to broaden work ability conceptually to better capture the experiences of older workers.},
}

@article {pmid38626266,
year = {2020},
author = {Alkema, GE},
title = {Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Aging Agenda for 2021 and Beyond.},
journal = {The Public policy and aging report},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {praa025},
pmid = {38626266},
issn = {1055-3037},
}

@article {pmid38626253,
year = {2020},
author = {Morrow-Howell, N and Gonzales, E},
title = {Recovering From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Resisting Ageism and Recommitting to a Productive Aging Perspective.},
journal = {The Public policy and aging report},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {praa021},
pmid = {38626253},
issn = {1055-3037},
}

@article {pmid38626230,
year = {2020},
author = {Kanfer, R and Lyndgaard, SF and Tatel, CE},
title = {For Whom the Pandemic Tolls: A Person-Centric Analysis of Older Workers.},
journal = {Work, aging and retirement},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {waaa014},
pmid = {38626230},
issn = {2054-4642},
abstract = {We offer a worker-centric perspective on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for the aging workforce. We briefly describe 3 broad characteristics of pandemics-mortality salience, isolation from the workplace, and rising unemployment-in terms of their associated pathways of influence on older workers, and recommendations for future research.},
}

@article {pmid38626225,
year = {2020},
author = {Rudolph, CW and Zacher, H},
title = {"The COVID-19 Generation": A Cautionary Note.},
journal = {Work, aging and retirement},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {waaa009},
pmid = {38626225},
issn = {2054-4642},
abstract = {With COVID-19 presenting as a global pandemic, we have noticed an emerging rhetoric concerning "the COVID-19 Generation," both anecdotally and across various media outlets. The narratives advanced to support such rhetoric have distinct implications for the study of work, aging, and retirement. In this commentary, we review this emerging issue and present evidence against attempts to define "the COVID-19 Generation" as a new construct along conceptual, methodological, as well as practical lines, with a specific focus on identifying real dangers associated with investigating and potentially managing a new generation associated with this pandemic. We strongly caution against the adoption of "the COVID-19 Generation" as a concept of study and instead offer several suggestions to researchers, organizations, and practitioners seeking answers to complicated questions about links between COVID-19 and various processes relevant to work, aging, and retirement during this time of uncertainty.},
}

@article {pmid37805821,
year = {2024},
author = {Prendergast, N and Boakye, P and Bailey, A and Igwenagu, H and Burnett-Ffrench, T},
title = {Anti-Black racism: Gaining insight into the experiences of Black nurses in Canada.},
journal = {Nursing inquiry},
volume = {31},
number = {2},
pages = {e12604},
doi = {10.1111/nin.12604},
pmid = {37805821},
issn = {1440-1800},
support = {//Toronto Metropolitan University/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Racism/prevention & control ; Canada ; Black People ; Delivery of Health Care ; Feminism ; },
abstract = {The call to address anti-Black racism in workplaces resonates across several organizations and institutions in Canada. But specifically, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic shed further light on how health inequities negatively impact the Black community. After conducting a literature review of the experiences of Black nurses in Canada, a deeper understanding of their plight was gained. In healthcare, the findings from the Black Nurses' Task Force report conclude that anti-Black racist practices are pervasive in nursing, and there remains a paucity of research in this area. This study builds off the report by exploring how Black nurses experience anti-Black racism while working in Canada's healthcare system. Inspired by critical race theory and Black feminist thought, an exploratory qualitative research study was conducted, using semistructured interviews to gather data. The study concludes that Black nurses experience anti-Black racism within the workplace, and it manifests itself through some of the attitudes of colleagues, patients, and nurses in leadership roles. Despite policies and statements that were in place to protect them, anti-Black racism continues to occur systematically. The findings point to the need for change in the overall workplace culture, which includes a fair representation of Black nurses in leadership roles, further research to identify best practices for tackling anti-Black racism within Canada's healthcare system, and mandatory training on anti-Black racism for healthcare leaders, educators, and service providers.},
}

Humans
*Racism/prevention & control
Canada
Black People
Delivery of Health Care
Feminism

@article {pmid37284807,
year = {2024},
author = {Lee, S and Erdem, G and Yasuhara, J},
title = {Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with COVID-19: from pathophysiology to clinical management and outcomes.},
journal = {Minerva pediatrics},
volume = {76},
number = {2},
pages = {268-280},
doi = {10.23736/S2724-5276.23.07205-1},
pmid = {37284807},
issn = {2724-5780},
mesh = {United States ; Child ; Humans ; *COVID-19/*complications/therapy ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; },
abstract = {Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), also known as pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS), is a new postinfectious illness associated with COVID-19, affecting children after SARS-CoV-2 exposure. The hallmarks of this disorder are hyperinflammation and multisystem involvement, with gastrointestinal, cardiac, mucocutaneous, and hematologic disturbances seen most commonly. Cardiovascular involvement includes cardiogenic shock, ventricular dysfunction, coronary artery abnormalities, and myocarditis. Now entering the fourth year of the pandemic, clinicians have gained some familiarity with the clinical presentation, initial diagnosis, cardiac evaluation, and treatment of MIS-C. This has led to an updated definition from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA driven by increased experience and clinical expertise. Furthermore, the available evidence established expert consensus treatment recommendations supporting a combination of immunoglobulin and steroids. However, the pathophysiology of the disorder and answers to what causes this remain under investigation. Fortunately, long-term outcomes continue to look promising, although continued follow-up is still needed. Recently, COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is reported to be associated with reduced risk of MIS-C, while further studies are warranted to understand the impact of COVID-19 vaccines on MIS-C. We review the findings and current literature on MIS-C, including pathophysiology, clinical features, evaluation, management, and medium- to long-term follow-up outcomes.},
}

United States
Child
Humans
*COVID-19/*complications/therapy
COVID-19 Vaccines
SARS-CoV-2
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis/etiology/therapy

@article {pmid38624757,
year = {2021},
author = {Darbari, A and Kumar, K and Darbari, S and Patil, PL},
title = {Requirement of artificial intelligence technology awareness for thoracic surgeons.},
journal = {The cardiothoracic surgeon},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {13},
pmid = {38624757},
issn = {2662-2203},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We have recently witnessed incredible interest in computer-based, internet web-dependent mechanisms and artificial intelligence (AI)-dependent technique emergence in our day-to-day lives. In the recent era of COVID-19 pandemic, this nonhuman, machine-based technology has gained a lot of momentum.

MAIN BODY OF THE ABSTRACT: The supercomputers and robotics with AI technology have shown the potential to equal or even surpass human experts' accuracy in some tasks in the future. Artificial intelligence (AI) is prompting massive data interweaving with elements from many digital sources such as medical imaging sorting, electronic health records, and transforming healthcare delivery. But in thoracic surgical and our counterpart pulmonary medical field, AI's main applications are still for interpretation of thoracic imaging, lung histopathological slide evaluation, physiological data interpretation, and biosignal testing only. The query arises whether AI-enabled technology-based or autonomous robots could ever do or provide better thoracic surgical procedures than current surgeons but it seems like an impossibility now.

SHORT CONCLUSION: This review article aims to provide information pertinent to the use of AI to thoracic surgical specialists. In this review article, we described AI and related terminologies, current utilisation, challenges, potential, and current need for awareness of this technology.},
}

@article {pmid38624751,
year = {2021},
author = {Elsayed, HH and Hassaballa, AS and Ahmed, TA and Gumaa, M and Sharkawy, HY},
title = {Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with severe COVID-19 adult respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {The cardiothoracic surgeon},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {9},
pmid = {38624751},
issn = {2662-2203},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID 19 is the most recent cause of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can support gas exchange in patients failing conventional mechanical ventilation, but its role is still controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on ECMO for COVID-associated ARDS to study its outcome.

MAIN BODY: CENTRAL, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception to May 28, 2020. Studies reporting five or more patients with COVID-19 infection treated venovenous with ECMO were included. The main outcome assessed was mortality and ICU/hospital discharge. Baseline, procedural, outcome, and validity data were systematically appraised and pooled with random-effect methods. The validity of all the included observational studies was appraised with the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Meta-regression and publication bias were tested. This trial was registered with PROSPERO under registration number CRD42020183861.From 1647 initial citations, 34 full-text articles were analyzed and 12 studies were selected, including 194 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection requiring ICU admission and venovenous ECMO treatment. Median Newcastle-Ottawa scale was 6 indicating acceptable study validity. One hundred thirty-six patients reached an endpoint of weaning from ECMO with ICU/hospital discharge or death while the rest were still on ECMO or in the ICU. The median Berlin score for ARDS prior to starting ECMO was III. Patients received mechanical ventilation before ECMO implementation for a median of 4 days and ECMO was maintained for a median of 13 days. In hospital and short-term mortality were highly variable among the included studies ranging between 0 and 100%. Random-effect pooled estimates suggested an overall in-hospital mortality risk ratio of 0.49 (95% confidence interval 0.259 to 0.721; I[2] = 94%). Subgroup analysis according to country of origin showed persistent heterogeneity only in the 7 Chinese studies with pooled estimate mortality risk ratio of 0.66 (I[2] = 87%) (95% CI = 0.39-0.93), while the later larger studies coming from the USA showed pooled estimate mortality risk ratio of 0.41 (95% CI 0.28-0.53) with homogeneity (p=0.67) similar to France with a pooled mortality risk ratio of 0.26 (95% CI 0.08-0.43) with homogeneity (p=0.86). Meta-regression showed only younger age as a predictor of mortality (p=0.02). Publication bias was excluded by visualizing the funnel plot of standard error, Egger's test with p=0.566, and Begg and Mazumdar test with p=0.373.

CONCLUSION: The study included the largest number of patients with outcome findings of ECMO in this current pandemic. Our findings showed that the use of venovenous ECMO at high-volume ECMO centers may be beneficial for selected COVID 19 patients with severe ARDS. However, none of the included studies involve prospective randomized analyses; and therefore, all the included studies were of low or moderate quality according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. In the current era and environment of the pandemic, it will likely be very challenging to conduct a prospective randomized trial of ECMO versus no-ECMO for COVID-19. Therefore, the information contained in this systematic review of the literature is valuable and provides important guidance.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study protocol link is at www.crd.yorl.ac.uk/PROSPERO under registration number CRD42020183861.},
}

@article {pmid38624693,
year = {2021},
author = {Schmidt Azevedo, P and Fock, RA and Pereira, FL and Dos Santos, PP and Ferro, FC and Sacco, N and Polegato, BF and Zornoff, LM and Okoshi, MP and Achterberg, W and de Paiva, SR},
title = {The evident and the hidden factors of vitamin D status in older people during COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Nutrire : revista de Sociedade Brasileira de Alimentacao e Nutricao = journal of the Brazilian Society of Food and Nutrition},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
pages = {1},
pmid = {38624693},
issn = {2316-7874},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, vitamin D is a target of research and speculation. Lockdown or home isolation reduces sunlight exposition and increases the risk of vitamin D deficiency. Special attention is needed for older people at risk of both severe forms of COVID-19 and vitamin D deficiency. This review aims to highlight the association of vitamin D and COVID-19 in two instances, the direct influence of vitamin D on the immune system, and the indirect risks for other vitamin D deficiency-related diseases, such as musculoskeletal properties in older persons.

METHODS: We performed a narrative review.

RESULTS: Whether vitamin D deficiency is associated with COVID-19 poor prognosis, and if vitamin D supplementation may improve the post-infection outcomes is still unclear. In any case, the pandemic generates indirect burden, such as the sequence: home isolation, low sunlight exposition, vitamin D deficiency, and fragility fractures.

CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is time to debate how to optimize vitamin D status in older people, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid38624677,
year = {2021},
author = {Aryan, H and Saxena, A and Tiwari, A},
title = {Correlation between bioactive lipids and novel coronavirus: constructive role of biolipids in curbing infectivity by enveloped viruses, centralizing on EPA and DHA.},
journal = {Systems microbiology and biomanufacturing},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {186-192},
pmid = {38624677},
issn = {2662-7663},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the family coronaviridae. It is spherical and possesses proteins called spikes, which can clamp onto the human cells. Once in close interaction with the human cells, these viruses undergo structural change and can fuse with the cell membrane. The virus enters the host and starts the process of translation and transcription in the cells and uncoated genome, respectively. Due to the rapid transmittable nature of the virus, extant actions should be taken. The fatty acids administrated orally, or intravenously, could help us gear things up in providing resistance and preventing infection. Hence, the multiplication of the virus could be hindered by arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In that context, the current review highlights the role of these unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives such as lipoxins and resolvins in the inactivation of the enveloped coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).},
}

@article {pmid38624663,
year = {2021},
author = {Dutta, V and Kumar, S and Dubey, D},
title = {Recent advances in satellite mapping of global air quality: evidences during COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Environmental sustainability (Singapore)},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {469-487},
pmid = {38624663},
issn = {2523-8922},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: There was a significant decline in air pollution in different parts of the world due to enforcement of lockdown by many countries to check the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, commercial and industrial activities had been limited globally with restricted air and surface traffic movements in response to social distancing and isolation. Both satellite remote sensing and ground-based monitoring were used to measure the change in the air quality. There was momentous decline in the averaged concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), methane (CH4) and aerosols. Many cities across India, China and several major cities in Europe observed strong reductions in nitrogen dioxide levels dropping by around 40-50% owing to lockdowns. Similarly, concentrations of SO2 in polluted areas in India, especially around large coal-fired power plants and industrial areas decreased by around 40% as evidenced by the comparative satellite mapping during April 2019 and April 2020. Recent advances in sensors on board various satellites played a significant role in real-time monitoring of emission regimes over various parts of the world. The satellite data is relying upon single scene profusion for real-time air quality measurements, and also using averaged dataset over certain time-period. The daily global-scale remote sensing data of NO2, as measured through the Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (S5p/TROPOMI) of European Space Agency (ESA), indicated exceptional decreases in tropospheric NO2 pollution in urban areas. Similarly, Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, with a repeat cycle of three days helped in assessing the sources and sinks of CO2 and CH4 on a sub-continental scale.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42398-021-00166-w.},
}

@article {pmid38624662,
year = {2021},
author = {Jone, PN and Everitt, MD},
title = {Management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {Current treatment options in pediatrics},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {119-128},
pmid = {38624662},
issn = {2198-6088},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize what is known about multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 infection.

RECENT FINDINGS: The timing of presentation and features of diagnosis are described. Cardiac involvement is common and is the focus of this review. Arrhythmias, heart block, acute heart failure, shock, cardiac dysfunction, and coronary dilation have all been reported. Therapies used to treat children with this hyperinflammation syndrome include supportive care and agents that modulate the immune system. Therapies commonly described include intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids, and cytokine-directed agents, particularly tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade and interleukin receptor blockade. The threshold for diagnosing coronary involvement in MIS-C is coronary artery dimensions indexed to body surface that exceed the normative values (Z score >2). Those hospitalized with MIS-C are evaluated by electrocardiogram and echocardiogram; outpatient assessment by a cardiologist is indicated prior to sports clearance.

SUMMARY: The prognosis of treated MIS-C patients is good. Future work is needed to understand the scope of cardiac involvement associated with acute COVID-19 and MIS-C in children and to define the optimal therapeutic targets for these distinct entities.},
}

@article {pmid38624661,
year = {2021},
author = {Mishra, J and Mishra, P and Arora, NK},
title = {Linkages between environmental issues and zoonotic diseases: with reference to COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Environmental sustainability (Singapore)},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {455-467},
pmid = {38624661},
issn = {2523-8922},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has taken mankind by surprise with various unprecedented impacts on human life around the globe. This zoonotic pandemic is proving to be the most destructive disease outbreaks since decades. The increasing human population and anthropogenic activities have impacted the environment and have direct linkages with the current and other recent outbreaks of zoonotic diseases. Despite having a difference in their origin, major reasons behind the emergence and spread of zoonotic pandemics are related to activities such as habitat fragmentation, deforestation, biodiversity loss, intensive agriculture and livestock farming, uncontrolled urbanization, pollution, climate change and bushmeat hunting and trading. It is important to focus on environmental and climatic factors that are involved in the emergence of such pandemics involving novel human pathogens and viruses in particular. Research and data analysis, particularly in relation to COVID-19, has shown that meteorological factors along with population density and living conditions (particularly in the urban and semi-urban areas) play a crucial role in the intensity, evolution and spread of SARS-CoV-2. This particular virus is novel but coronaviruses have a long history and are known to cause disease outbreaks earlier as well. COVID-19 pandemic provides learning for the future, in particular the importance of environmental sustainability for controlling such outbreaks. A strategic plan can be developed involving policy-makers, organizations, and governments to control the onset and spread of the novel pathogens. This review-based study recommends that prevention of COVID-19 like pandemics from re-occurring is through tackling the issues related to the environment by controlling anthropogenic activities. It will also be important to track the lineage and future evolution course of such human pathogens so as to determine the nexus of environmental and biological factors in the development and spread of novel strains.},
}

@article {pmid38624614,
year = {2021},
author = {Ankit, and Kumar, A and Jain, V and Deovanshi, A and Lepcha, A and Das, C and Bauddh, K and Srivastava, S},
title = {Environmental impact of COVID-19 pandemic: more negatives than positives.},
journal = {Environmental sustainability (Singapore)},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {447-454},
pmid = {38624614},
issn = {2523-8922},
abstract = {Coronaviruses are the well-known cause of severe respiratory, enteric and systemic infections in a wide range of animal hosts including man. The scientific interest on coronaviruses has increased since the outbreak of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) that initiated in Wuhan, China. This was soon declared a 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern' by World Health Organisation (WHO). Presently, the best strategy against this pandemic is prevention through regular hand and face washes, use of masks, gloves and personal protective equipment and social distancing. At the government level, the task is to perform as many tests as possible to identify coronavirus infected people and to isolate them to avoid the uncontrollable spread of the virus. The ongoing and future strategies against coronavirus ensue that huge quantity of masks, plastic products (personal protective equipment (PPE) kits, face shields, etc.) and chemicals (chloroxylenol, chlorine, H2O2, etc.) would be generated as waste in near future. Further, the amount of water consumption per person shall also increase. These effects can have unforeseen impacts on the environment. Apart from this, the ecological impacts on human-animal interactions can also be seen, such as people avoiding pets in coming future as a health and safety measure. The present review gives an overview of coronavirus, its current state of spread and environmental and ecological risks ensuing from the pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid38624559,
year = {2020},
author = {Chaudhary, M},
title = {COVID-19 susceptibility: potential of ACE2 polymorphisms.},
journal = {The Egyptian journal of medical human genetics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {54},
pmid = {38624559},
issn = {2090-2441},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a metallopeptidase that primarily functions as a negative regulator of renin angiotensin system (RAS) by converting angiotensin II (Ang II) to angiotensin 1-7. Contrary to this, another RAS component, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) catalyzes synthesis of Ang II from angiotensin I (Ang I) that functions as active compound in blood pressure regulation. This indicates importance of ACE/ACE2 level in regulating blood pressure by targeting Ang II. An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) highlighted the additional role of ACE2 as a receptor for SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection.

MAIN BODY OF THE ABSTRACT: ACE2 is a functional receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Activation of spike (S)-protein by either type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) or cathepsin-mediated cleavage initiates receptor binding and viral entry. In addition to TTSPs, ACE2 can also be trimmed by ADAM 17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) that competes for the same receptor. Cleavage by TTSPs activates ACE2 receptor for binding, whereas ADAM17 releases extracellular fragment called soluble ACE2 (sACE2). Structural studies of both ACE2 and S-protein have found critical sites involved in binding mechanism. In addition to studies on structural motifs, few single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) studies have been done to find an association between genetic variants and SARS susceptibility. Though no association was found in those reports, but seeing the non-reproducibility of SNP studies among different ethnic groups, screening of ACE2 SNPs in individual population can be undertaken.

SHORT CONCLUSION: Thus, screening for novel SNPs focussing on recently identified critical regions of ACE2 can be targeted to monitor susceptibility towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).},
}

@article {pmid38624552,
year = {2020},
author = {Oladejo, BO and Adeboboye, CF and Adebolu, TT},
title = {Understanding the genetic determinant of severity in viral diseases: a case of SARS-Cov-2 infection.},
journal = {The Egyptian journal of medical human genetics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {77},
pmid = {38624552},
issn = {2090-2441},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Numerous research studies have identified specific human gene variants that affect enhanced susceptibility to viral infections. More recently is the current pandemic where the SARS-CoV-2 infection has shown a high degree of person-to-person clinical variability. A wide range of disease severity occurs in the patients' experiences, from asymptomatic cases, mild infections to serious life threatening conditions requiring admission into the intensive care unit (ICU).

MAIN BODY OF THE ABSTRACT: Although, it is generally reported that age and co-morbidities contribute significantly to the variations in the clinical outcome of the scourge of COVID-19, a hypothetical question of the possibility of genetic involvement in the susceptibility and severity of the disease arose when some unique severe outcomes were seen among young patients with no co-morbidity. The role human genetics play in clinical response to the viral infections is scarcely understood; however, several ongoing researches all around the world are currently focusing on possible genetic factors. This review reports the possible genetic factors that have been widely studied in defining the severity of viral infections using SARS-CoV-2 as a case study. These involve the possible involvements of ACE2, HLA, and TLR genes such as TLR7 and TLR3 in the presentation of a more severe condition.

SHORT CONCLUSION: Understanding these variations could help to inform efforts to identify people at increased risk of infection outbreaks through genetic diagnosis of infections by locating disease genes or mutations that predispose patients to severe infection. This will also suggest specific targets for therapy and prophylaxis.},
}

@article {pmid38624521,
year = {2020},
author = {Menshawey, R and Menshawey, E and Alserr, AHK and Abdelmassih, AF},
title = {Low iron mitigates viral survival: insights from evolution, genetics, and pandemics-a review of current hypothesis.},
journal = {The Egyptian journal of medical human genetics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {75},
pmid = {38624521},
issn = {2090-2441},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Upon re-examination of our human history, evolutionary perspectives, and genetics, a prevailing iron deficiency phenotype appears to have evolved to protect the human race from extinction.

BODY: In this review, we summarize the evolutionary and genetic perspectives pointing towards the hypothesis that low iron mitigates infection. The presence of infection promotes the generation of resistance alleles, and there are some evolutionary and genetic clues that suggest the presence of an iron deficiency phenotype that may have developed to protect against infection. Examples include the relative paucity of iron overload genes given the essential role of iron, as well as the persistence of iron deficiency among populations in spite of public health efforts to treat it. Additional examination of geographic areas with severe iron deficiency in the setting of pandemics including H1N1, SARS, and COVID-19 reveals that areas with higher prevalence of iron deficiency are less affected. RNA viruses have several evolutionary adaptations which suggest their absolute need for iron, and this dependency may be exploited during treatment.

CONCLUSION: RNA viruses pose a unique challenge to modern healthcare, with an average of 2-3 new pathogens being discovered yearly. Their overarching requirements for iron, along with human evolutionary and genetic adaptations which favored an iron deficiency phenotype, ultimately suggest the potential need for iron control in these infections.},
}

@article {pmid38624501,
year = {2020},
author = {Rieder, HE},
title = {[A review of the state of the climate crisis in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic].},
journal = {Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik : E & I},
volume = {137},
number = {7},
pages = {335-340},
pmid = {38624501},
issn = {1613-7620},
abstract = {The atmospheric concentration of well-mixed greenhouse gases has drastically increased since 1850. The prime cause for this increase is anthropogenic activity, particularly the burning of fossil fuels. As a consequence of the changing atmospheric composition, we observe a net positive radiative forcing, which manifests in global warming. The global mean surface temperature has increased since the preindustrial by about 1.0 °C. Under the assumption of continued greenhouse gas emissions, climate models project a temperature increase between 3.7 °C and 4.8 °C until 2100 (compared to the 1850-1900 mean). The assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change detail the catastrophic consequences of global warming of such extent for both ecosystems and mankind. As a consequence, the Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to below 2 °C, ideally 1.5 °C, when compared to the preindustrial. To achieve this goal, fast and ambitious emission controls are required, reaching net zero emission by 2050 at the latest. Examining the global greenhouse gas emissions of recent decades, it becomes obvious how far away we are at present from reaching this goal. Also, the currently determined national contributions for emission reduction do not suffice to meet the 1.5 °C target. Thus, it is of uttermost importance to raise the global ambition in climate protection. The 1.5 °C target can still be reached, however, the time to set the required measures will expire within this decade.},
}

@article {pmid38624444,
year = {2021},
author = {Longhitano, GA and Nunes, GB and Candido, G and da Silva, JVL},
title = {The role of 3D printing during COVID-19 pandemic: a review.},
journal = {Progress in additive manufacturing},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {19-37},
pmid = {38624444},
issn = {2363-9520},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread through more than 180 countries, leading to diverse health systems overload around the world. Because of the high number of patients and the supply chain disruption, it generated a shortage of medical devices and personal protective equipment. In this context, initiatives from the additive manufacturing community emerged to fight the lack of devices. Diverse designs were produced and are currently being used in hospitals by patients and health workers. However, as some devices must follow strict standards, these products may not fulfill these standards. Therefore, to ensure the user's health, there is a need for understanding each device, their usage, and standards. This study reviews the use of additive manufacturing during COVID-19 pandemic. It gathers the source of several 3D printed devices such as face shields, face masks, valves, nasopharyngeal swabs, and others, discussing their use and regulatory issues. In this regard, the major drawbacks of the technology, addressed for the next pandemic scenario, are highlighted. Finally, some insights of the future of additive manufacturing during emergency are given and discussed.},
}

@article {pmid38624496,
year = {2020},
author = {Biswas, TK and Biswas, M and Bandyopadhyay, R},
title = {An Overview of Coronavirus COVID-19 with their Pathogenesis and Risk Assessment of the Disease Utilizing Positive Predictive Value of the Clinical and Laboratory Data.},
journal = {Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering : an international journal of engineering and technology},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {417-427},
pmid = {38624496},
issn = {2662-5423},
abstract = {COVID-19 has created a devastating pandemic, infecting more than 200 countries in its wake, only sparing Antarctica. The virus dissociates ferrous ion from the porphyrin ring of heme of haemoglobin-thus hampering the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lung and tissue. The toxic effect of ferrous (Fe[2+]) ions and carbon dioxide causes lung damage giving rise to severe respiratory distress and an often observed clotting disorder. Serum ferritin level is increased along with the rise of serum LDH, d-dimer, serum IL-6 and cardiac troponin. Associated leukocytosis, occasional lymphocytopenia and radiological changes of the lung are the pathological hallmarks of the disease. All these parameters including other clinical data such as age, fever, gender and associated co-morbidities may be used as a Risk Assessment tool for COVID-19 before the report of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) is available. A timely intervention can contribute to rescuing millions from an untimely death.},
}

@article {pmid38624453,
year = {2020},
author = {da Silva, FR and Junior, AHL and Brant, VM and Lôbo, ILB and Lancha, LOP and Silva, A and de Mello, MT},
title = {The effects of COVID-19 quarantine on eating and sleeping behaviors.},
journal = {Nutrire : revista de Sociedade Brasileira de Alimentacao e Nutricao = journal of the Brazilian Society of Food and Nutrition},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {25},
pmid = {38624453},
issn = {2316-7874},
abstract = {ABSTRACT: Since the beginning of the pandemic, the population has been exposed to a substantial period of social isolation, which leads to anxiety, fear, and metabolic and immune impairments.

PURPOSE: Considering that sleep restriction influences eating behavior, we highlight that changes in it may occur during the COVID-19 quarantine. Alterations in feeding time can uncouple the body clocks, leading to circadian misalignment and consequently to a disruption in homeostasis and disturbances in many metabolic functions.

METHOD: Narrative review.

RESULTS: Do not apply.

CONCLUSION: The increase of body weight is related to increased food intake in response to mental stress and more time spent at home, increased opportunity to feed, and increased visual and olfactory stimulation to eat, which represents a potential risk of overfeeding nowadays. In this article, we postulate that the unusual lifestyle imposed by the COVID-19 quarantine may induce a circadian misalignment, which is capable to induce alterations on eating and sleep behaviors.},
}

@article {pmid38624441,
year = {2020},
author = {Jefferson, M},
title = {COVID-19: The Lessons We Should Have Learned from Existing Literature.},
journal = {Biophysical economics and sustainability},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {13},
pmid = {38624441},
issn = {2730-7204},
abstract = {The linkages between natural resources and human well-being lie at the heart of biophysical economics. Huge disruptions to human well-being which can occur as a result of the impact of particular natural resources or species are, or should be, an obvious focus of interest for the biophysical economist whose focus is on flows between the natural world and human society. The causes and consequences of such disruptions, such as emanate from pandemics and epidemics, are a clear example of this. There is a need for better understanding of these causes and consequences. As an example, twelve books on epidemics and pandemics are considered here as providing the core for what guidance they might, and should, have provided on the sources, spreaders, and responses to COVID-19. A substantial amount of guidance is given in these and other sources referenced, which if followed would have reduced spread and mortality, but in far too many countries preparedness and speed of responses were inadequate. An effective global network and funding are required, as long advocated, but still not implemented. The economic and resource costs of this failure are huge.},
}

@article {pmid38623576,
year = {2024},
author = {Chu, AMY and Kwok, PWH and Chan, JNL and So, MKP},
title = {COVID-19 Pandemic Risk Assessment: Systematic Review.},
journal = {Risk management and healthcare policy},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {903-925},
pmid = {38623576},
issn = {1179-1594},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic presents the possibility of future large-scale infectious disease outbreaks. In response, we conducted a systematic review of COVID-19 pandemic risk assessment to provide insights into countries' pandemic surveillance and preparedness for potential pandemic events in the post-COVID-19 era.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to systematically identify relevant articles and synthesize pandemic risk assessment findings to facilitate government officials and public health experts in crisis planning.

METHODS: This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and included over 620,000 records from the World Health Organization COVID-19 Research Database. Articles related to pandemic risk assessment were identified based on a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant articles were characterized based on study location, variable types, data-visualization techniques, research objectives, and methodologies. Findings were presented using tables and charts.

RESULTS: Sixty-two articles satisfying both the inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified. Among the articles, 32.3% focused on local areas, while another 32.3% had a global coverage. Epidemic data were the most commonly used variables (74.2% of articles), with over half of them (51.6%) employing two or more variable types. The research objectives covered various aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, with risk exposure assessment and identification of risk factors being the most common theme (35.5%). No dominant research methodology for risk assessment emerged from these articles.

CONCLUSION: Our synthesized findings support proactive planning and development of prevention and control measures in anticipation of future public health threats.},
}

@article {pmid38623396,
year = {2024},
author = {Mekonen, ZT and Fenta, TG and Nadeem, SP and Cho, DJ},
title = {Global Health Commodities Supply Chain in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges, Impacts, and Prospects: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1523-1539},
pmid = {38623396},
issn = {1178-2390},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic led to the most substantial health crisis in the 21st Century. This pandemic interrupted the supply of essential commodities for human beings. Among the essential commodities for human survival, disruption of the supply of essential health commodities has become a global concern.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to systematically analyze published articles on the challenges, impacts, and prospects of the global health commodities' supply chain in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: A standard searching strategy was conducted in seven research databases to retrieve pertinent articles. Finally, 459 articles were retrieved for further screening, and only 13 articles were selected for final synthesis.

RESULTS: Almost 38.5% of the studies targeted the supply chain of health commodities used to treat HIV, TB, and malaria. Lockdown policies, travel restrictions, lack of transportation, low manufacturing capacity, and rising costs were the significant challenges indicated for the supply interruption of essential health commodities and COVID-19 vaccines. Findings indicated that the supply interruption of essential health commodities leads to a devastating impact on global health.

CONCLUSION: Global medicine shortages due to the pandemic crisis can have a devastatingly harmful impact on patient outcomes and might result in a devastatingly long-lasting effect on the health of the world community. Supply-related challenges of the COVID-19 vaccine affect countries' ambitions for achieving herd immunity quickly. Monitoring the pandemic's effect on the health commodities' supply system and designing a short-term and long-term resilient health supply chain system that can cope with current and future health catastrophes is pivotal.},
}

@article {pmid38623344,
year = {2024},
author = {Chattu, VK and Mol, R and Singh, B and Reddy, KS and Hatefi, A},
title = {Pandemic treaty as an instrument to strengthen global health security: Global health diplomacy at its crux.},
journal = {Health promotion perspectives},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {9-18},
pmid = {38623344},
issn = {2228-6497},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The World Health Assembly (WHA), on 1[st] December 2021, unanimously agreed to launch a global process to draft and negotiate a convention, agreement, or other international instrument under the World Health Organization's (WHO's) constitution to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. We aimed to explore the role of global health diplomacy (GHD) in pandemic treaty negotiations by providing deep insight into the ongoing drafting process under the WHO leadership.

METHODS: We conducted a narrative review by searching Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar search engine using the keywords "Pandemic Treaty," OR "International Health Regulations," OR "International conventions," OR "International treaties" in the context of recent COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, we included articles recommending the need for GHD, leadership and governance mechanisms for this international treaty drafting approved by the WHA.

RESULTS: Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the concept of GHD bolstered the international system and remained high on the agendas of many national, regional and global platforms. As per Article 19 of the WHO constitution, the Assembly established an intergovernmental negotiating body (INB) to draft and negotiate this convention/ agreement to protect the world from disease outbreaks of pandemic potential. Since GHD has helped to strengthen international cooperation in health systems and address inequities in achieving health-related global targets, there is a great scope for the successful drafting of this pandemic treaty.

CONCLUSION: The pandemic treaty is a defining moment in global health governance, particularly the pandemic governance reforms. However, the treaty's purpose will only be served if the equity considerations are optimized, accountability mechanisms are established, and a sense of shared responsibility is embraced. While fulfilling treaty commitments might be complex and challenging, it provides an opportunity to rethink and build resilient systems for pandemic preparedness and response in the future.},
}

@article {pmid38622986,
year = {2024},
author = {Kamble, P and Daulatabad, V and Singhal, A and Ahmed, ZS and Choubey, A and Bhargava, S and John, NA},
title = {JN.1 variant in enduring COVID-19 pandemic: is it a variety of interest (VoI) or variety of concern (VoC)?.},
journal = {Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38622986},
issn = {1868-1891},
abstract = {The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, classified as a Variant of Concern (VoC) in November 2021, marked a significant shift in the COVID-19 landscape. This study investigates the subsequent development of a novel Omicron sublineage, JN.1, which displays distinctive mutations in the spike protein. The study delves into the phylogenetic differences between these variants and their potential implications. A comprehensive analysis of the genomic profiles and mutation patterns of JN.1 and BA.2.86 was conducted, utilizing SARS-CoV-2 database. The study explores the unique mutations, such as S:L455S in JN.1, associated with increased transmissibility and immune escape. Furthermore, a comparison with prevalent strains like XBB.1.5 and HV.1 highlights the substantial genetic divergence of JN.1. JN.1, first detected in August 2023, exhibits a notable spike protein mutation profile, including the reappearance of earlier variants' mutations (E484K and P681R). The variant's increased transmissibility and immune evasion potential are attributed to specific spike protein mutations like R21T, S50L, V127F, R158G, and others. The study also explores the distribution and prevalence of JN.1 globally, with a focus on the rising cases in India. JN.1 poses a unique challenge as one of the most immune-evading variants, with potential implications for COVID-19 transmission. The study emphasizes the importance of monitoring and understanding emerging variants, especially those with distinct spike protein mutations. The observed cases in India highlight the need for vigilance and prompt public health responses. As JN.1 continues to evolve, ongoing surveillance, vaccination strategies, and adherence to preventive measures are crucial to mitigating its potential impact on global public health.},
}

@article {pmid38279780,
year = {2024},
author = {Bakhshaei, A and Ramachandran, S and Brondani, M},
title = {Teledentistry within oral health care providers' training: A scoping review.},
journal = {European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {631-644},
doi = {10.1111/eje.12990},
pmid = {38279780},
issn = {1600-0579},
mesh = {Humans ; *Pandemics ; Education, Dental ; Health Personnel ; *COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Despite teledentistry (TD) ubiquitous utilization, it has yet to be fully adopted by oral health care providers' educational training. This study aimed to explore TD incorporation in the training of oral health care providers.

METHODS: This review included studies on the TD content offered to oral health care providers. The JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology was used, and two reviewers screened the literature. Studies published between 1989 and 4 June 2022 were searched using "Teledentistry" and "Education" as initial keywords. The searched databases included MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EPPI, Scopus, Epistemonikos, ERIC, MedEdPORTAL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Google Scholar. All of the relevant literature, regardless of their language, were added. The data were extracted using an extraction table and are presented in tabular and narrative summary formats.

RESULTS: A total of 2180 documents were found, and 1804 documents were screened by the title and abstract after deduplication; 59 were selected for full-text review; and 19 were eligible for data extraction. Of all studies, 63.15% were published after the COVID-19 pandemic. Practicing TD and TD reimbursement were some of the addressed topics. Didactic education and hands-on practice were the most employed training methods. Self/peer evaluations and surveys were among the employed assessment techniques.

CONCLUSION: TD education has been emphasized during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a variation in the existing TD educational programmes, from addressing topics to assessment techniques. However, the number of educational programmes on this topic is sparse.},
}

Humans
*Pandemics
Education, Dental
Health Personnel
*COVID-19

@article {pmid38624438,
year = {2020},
author = {Pomarici, E and Sardone, R},
title = {EU wine policy in the framework of the CAP: post-2020 challenges.},
journal = {Agricultural and food economics},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {17},
pmid = {38624438},
issn = {2193-7532},
abstract = {The EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), and with it the EU wine policy, is experiencing a reform process, started in 2018, in order to address ambitious environmental and social objectives, in conjunction with the goal of a competitive agricultural sector. Given the role of the EU in wine supply, the aim of this paper is to present the design, the rationale and the potential effect of the proposed reform with specific reference to wine sector. To better understand the forthcoming process, it is firstly presented how CAP and its wine policy evolved in terms of objectives and tools over time. The EU wine policy is a paradigmatic example of a combination between the horizontal measures, valid for all agricultural sectors, and vertical measures, peculiarly encompassing the whole wine supply chain. The reform proposal confirms, with some interesting modifications, the set of tools already operating in the sector; however, it calls for a planning of the implementation of the available tools for all products in a unitary frame represented by a national CAP Strategic Plan, applying a lean administrative procedure. In the hypothesis that the COVID-19 outbreak will not cause a radical change in the global agri-food system, the proposed planning process should stimulate shared strategies. These are intended to effectively coordinate, according to the principle of complementarity, the implementation of available policy tools, in order to obtain a better use of resources and a more balanced achievement of all policy objectives.},
}

@article {pmid38624400,
year = {2020},
author = {Singh, R and Vijayan, V},
title = {Chloroquine: A Potential Drug in the COVID-19 Scenario.},
journal = {Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering : an international journal of engineering and technology},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {399-410},
pmid = {38624400},
issn = {2662-5423},
abstract = {Today, the whole world is fighting a public health emergency called 'COVID-19' caused by a new infectious virus called SARS-CoV2. Any person can catch COVID-19 from an infected person via aerosol droplets when the person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. To limit such a transmission, World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended people to wear masks and physically distance themselves by staying at least 1 m (3 feet) away from others. As aerosol droplets (by cough or sneeze) land on objects and surfaces around the person such as tables, doorknobs and handrails, and remain active on these surfaces for hours to days, people are advised to use soaps for at least 20 s. and alcohol-based sanitizers as well. As the public made efforts, clinicians and researchers investigated and found that drugs which were initially used to treat other diseases may work as a treatment option for COVID-19. One of those drugs was Chloroquine and its related derivative called hydroxychloroquine. In this review article, we have systematically searched for details of COVID-19 pandemic till May 2020 and assembled few data pertaining to (i) Corona viruses; (ii) SARS-CoV2, the virus that causes COVID-19' and (iii) How chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine mediates anti-viral effect in both prophylactic and therapeutic setting. These data have been acquired mostly from PubMed and websites of WHO and Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR). We did a systematic search and found that the properties of chloroquine are very much essential for the COVID-19 scenario. We also bring to you some evidence that the anti-lysosomal activity of chloroquine may be increased by botanicals like betulinic acid.},
}

@article {pmid38624383,
year = {2020},
author = {Teixeira Zavadzki de Pauli, S and Kleina, M and Bonat, WH},
title = {Comparing Artificial Neural Network Architectures for Brazilian Stock Market Prediction.},
journal = {Annals of data science},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {613-628},
pmid = {38624383},
issn = {2198-5812},
abstract = {Prediction of financial time series is a great challenge for statistical models. In general, the stock market times series present high volatility due to its sensitivity to economic and political factors. Furthermore, recently, the covid-19 pandemic has caused a drastic change in the stock exchange times series. In this challenging context, several computational techniques have been proposed to improve the performance of predicting such times series. The main goal of this article is to compare the prediction performance of five neural network architectures in predicting the six most traded stocks of the official Brazilian stock exchange B3 from March 2019 to April 2020. We trained the models to predict the closing price of the next day using as inputs its own previous values. We compared the predictive performance of multiple linear regression, Elman, Jordan, radial basis function, and multilayer perceptron architectures based on the root of the mean square error. We trained all models using the training set while hyper-parameters such as the number of input variables and hidden layers were selected using the testing set. Moreover, we used the trimmed average of 100 bootstrap samples as our prediction. Thus, our approach allows us to measure the uncertainty associate with the predicted values. The results showed that for all times series, considered all architectures, except the radial basis function, the networks tunning provide suitable fit, reasonable predictions, and confidence intervals.},
}

@article {pmid38624352,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhou, J and Hu, Z and Zabihi, F and Chen, Z and Zhu, M},
title = {Progress and Perspective of Antiviral Protective Material.},
journal = {Advanced fiber materials},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {123-139},
pmid = {38624352},
issn = {2524-793X},
abstract = {Public health events caused by viruses pose a significant risk to humans worldwide. From December 2019 till now, the rampant novel 2019 coronavirus (SAR-CoV-2) has hugely impacted China and over world. Regarding a commendable means of protection, mask technology is relatively mature, though most of the masks cannot effectively resist the viral infections. The key material of the mask is a non-woven material, which makes the barrier of virus through filtration. Due to the lack of the ability to kill the viruses, masks are prone to cross-infection and become an additional source of infection after being discarded. If the filteration and antiviral effects can be simultaneously integrated into the mask, it will be more effcient, work for a longer time and create less difficulty in post-treatment. This mini-review presents the advances in antiviral materials, different mechanisms of their activity, and their potential applications in personal protective fabrics. Furthermore, the article addresses the future challenges and directions of mask technology.},
}

@article {pmid38624338,
year = {2020},
author = {Mack, K and Kruszelnicki, K and Randall, L and Wade, J and Al-Khalili, J and Vedral, V},
title = {Reaching out.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Physics},
volume = {2},
number = {6},
pages = {282-284},
pmid = {38624338},
issn = {2522-5820},
abstract = {In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, science is crucial to inform public policy. At the same time, mistrust of scientists and misinformation about scientific facts are rampant. Six scientists, actively involved in outreach, reflect on how to build a better understanding and trust of science.},
}

@article {pmid38624315,
year = {2020},
author = {Kullar, R and Goff, DA and Gauthier, TP and Smith, TC},
title = {To Tweet or Not to Tweet-a Review of the Viral Power of Twitter for Infectious Diseases.},
journal = {Current infectious disease reports},
volume = {22},
number = {6},
pages = {14},
pmid = {38624315},
issn = {1523-3847},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: With real-time communication crucial to both healthcare professionals (HCPs) and the public in infectious diseases (ID), social media networking sites has become even more important. Twitter is the most popular form of social media used for ID communication. We will review the power of Twitter in ID.

RECENT FINDINGS: Twitter allows for real-time sharing of educational resources at ID scientific conferences, enabling individuals that are not able to attend conferences to follow conferences anytime anywhere and stimulate discussion around topics of interest with experts from across the globe. Further, Twitter chats are a valuable tool for stewardship, with different accounts periodically hosting chats on various stewardship topics. Several studies have also demonstrated the strong relationship between dissemination and citation impact of publications with the help of Twitter. There is great value in engaging with non-ID people on Twitter via dissemination of ID knowledge to other disciplines. Lastly, when used appropriately, Twitter is a useful site for distributing vaccine information, whether informally (by advocates and physicians) or formally (by government entities) and allows one to keep up with ongoing ID outbreaks in real time.

SUMMARY: Twitter has transformed how we communicate in healthcare. Particularly in ID, where bacteria and viruses can enter/exit borders anytime anywhere, global real-time information about outbreaks and antimicrobial resistance for clinicians and the public is critical. Twitter has no hierarchy or barriers, is a conduit for global collaboration, and is a way for HCPs and the public to "social"ize on healthcare topics, if used appropriately.},
}

@article {pmid38622939,
year = {2024},
author = {Choi, HS and Choi, AY and Kopp, JB and Winkler, CA and Cho, SK},
title = {Review of COVID-19 Therapeutics by Mechanism: From Discovery to Approval.},
journal = {Journal of Korean medical science},
volume = {39},
number = {14},
pages = {e134},
pmid = {38622939},
issn = {1598-6357},
mesh = {United States ; Humans ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Antibodies, Viral ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; },
abstract = {The global research and pharmaceutical community rapidly mobilized to develop treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Existing treatments have been repurposed and new drugs have emerged. Here we summarize mechanisms and clinical trials of COVID-19 therapeutics approved or in development. Two reviewers, working independently, reviewed published data for approved COVID-19 vaccines and drugs, as well as developmental pipelines, using databases from the following organizations: United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), Japanese Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), and ClinicalTrials.gov. In all, 387 drugs were found for initial review. After removing unrelated trials and drugs, 66 drugs were selected, including 17 approved drugs and 49 drugs under development. These drugs were classified into six categories: 1) drugs targeting the viral life cycle 2) Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Monoclonal Antibodies, 3) immunomodulators, 4) anti-coagulants, 5) COVID-19-induced neuropathy drugs, and 6) other therapeutics. Among the 49 drugs under development are the following: 6 drugs targeting the viral life cycle, 12 immunosuppression drugs, 2 immunostimulants, 2 HIF-PHD targeting drugs, 3 GM-CSF targeting drugs, 5 anti-coagulants, 2 COVID-19-induced neuropathy drugs, and 17 others. This review provides insight into mechanisms of action, properties, and indications for COVID-19 medications.},
}

United States
Humans
*COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Antibodies, Viral
Pharmaceutical Preparations

@article {pmid38622883,
year = {2024},
author = {Plys, E and Ahmad, N and Wei, A and Thompson, RA and Chang, ES and Locke, J and Bell, JG and Vranceanu, AM and Palan Lopez, R},
title = {Psychosocial Distress Among Certified Nursing Assistants in Long-Term Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Social Ecological Model Informed Scoping Review.},
journal = {Clinical gerontologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-18},
doi = {10.1080/07317115.2024.2337137},
pmid = {38622883},
issn = {1545-2301},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This scoping review maps the literature on psychosocial distress and coping among nursing assistants (CNAs) in long-term care facilities (LTC) during the COVID-19 pandemic onto the Social Ecological Model (SEM) of Occupational Stress.

METHODS: Searches yielded 862 unique studies. Inclusion criteria were sample CNAs or equivalent in LTC; includes psychosocial variable; and collect data from February 2020-. A multi-phasic, meta-synthesis was used to synthesize qualitative data.

RESULTS: We identified 20 studies (13 quantitative, 7 qualitative) conducted between March 2020 and December 2021 from 14 countries. Prevalence rates were reported for perceived stress (31-33%; n = 1 study), post-traumatic stress (42%; n = 1), anxiety (53%; n = 1), depression (15-59%; n = 2), suicidal thoughts (11-15%; n = 1), and everyday emotional burnout (28%; n = 1). Qualitative studies identified factors contributing to psychosocial distress and coping at each SEM level (i.e. individual, microsystem, organization, and peri-/extra-organizational). Quantitative studies primarily measured factors relating to psychosocial distress and coping at the individual and organizational levels.

This review identifies specific targets for intervention for psychosocial distress among CNAs in LTC at multiple levels, including job clarity; workload; facility culture; community relations; and policy. These intervention targets remain relevant to the LTC industry beyond the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid38622352,
year = {2024},
author = {Chan, JF and Yuan, S and Chu, H and Sridhar, S and Yuen, KY},
title = {COVID-19 drug discovery and treatment options.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38622352},
issn = {1740-1534},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused substantial morbidity and mortality, and serious social and economic disruptions worldwide. Unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated older individuals with underlying diseases are especially prone to severe disease. In patients with non-fatal disease, long COVID affecting multiple body systems may persist for months. Unlike SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which have either been mitigated or remained geographically restricted, SARS-CoV-2 has disseminated globally and is likely to continue circulating in humans with possible emergence of new variants that may render vaccines less effective. Thus, safe, effective and readily available COVID-19 therapeutics are urgently needed. In this Review, we summarize the major drug discovery approaches, preclinical antiviral evaluation models, representative virus-targeting and host-targeting therapeutic options, and key therapeutics currently in clinical use for COVID-19. Preparedness against future coronavirus pandemics relies not only on effective vaccines but also on broad-spectrum antivirals targeting conserved viral components or universal host targets, and new therapeutics that can precisely modulate the immune response during infection.},
}

@article {pmid38621233,
year = {2024},
author = {Mahsusi, M and Hudaa, S and Nuryani, N and Fahmi, M and Tsurayya, G and Iqhrammullah, M},
title = {Global Rate of Willingness to Volunteer Among Medical and Health Students During Pandemic: Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {JMIR medical education},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {e56415},
pmid = {38621233},
issn = {2369-3762},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Male ; *Pandemics ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Students ; Volunteers ; Health Personnel ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, shortages of health care workers often occur. Recruiting students as volunteers could be an option, but it is uncertain whether the idea is well-accepted.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to estimate the global rate of willingness to volunteer among medical and health students in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies reporting the number of health students willing to volunteer during COVID-19 from 2019 to November 17, 2023. The meta-analysis was performed using a restricted maximum-likelihood model with logit transformation.

RESULTS: A total of 21 studies involving 26,056 health students were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of the willingness-to-volunteer rate among health students across multiple countries was 66.13%, with an I2 of 98.99% and P value of heterogeneity (P-Het)<.001. Removing a study with the highest influence led to the rate being 64.34%. Our stratified analyses indicated that those with older age, being first-year students, and being female were more willing to volunteer (P<.001). From highest to lowest, the rates were 77.38%, 77.03%, 65.48%, 64.11%, 62.71%, and 55.23% in Africa, Western Europe, East and Southeast Asia, Middle East, and Eastern Europe, respectively. Because of the high heterogeneity, the evidence from this study has moderate strength.

CONCLUSIONS: The majority of students are willing to volunteer during COVID-19, suggesting that volunteer recruitment is well-accepted.},
}

Humans
Female
Male
*Pandemics
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Students
Volunteers
Health Personnel

@article {pmid38240602,
year = {2024},
author = {Shaji Mathew, J and Shingina, A and Khan, MQ and Wilson, E and Syn, N and Rammohan, A and Alconchel, F and Hakeem, AR and Shankar, S and Patel, D and Keskin, O and Liu, J and Nasralla, D and Mazzola, A and Patel, MS and Tanaka, T and Victor, D and Yoon, U and Yoon, YI and Vinaixa, C and Kirchner, V and De Martin, E and Ghobrial, RM and Chadha, R},
title = {Proceedings of the 28th Annual Congress of the International Liver Transplantation Society.},
journal = {Liver transplantation : official publication of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the International Liver Transplantation Society},
volume = {30},
number = {5},
pages = {544-554},
doi = {10.1097/LVT.0000000000000330},
pmid = {38240602},
issn = {1527-6473},
mesh = {Humans ; Child ; *Liver Transplantation/adverse effects ; Living Donors ; Immunosuppression Therapy ; *Liver Neoplasms ; },
abstract = {The 2023 Joint International Congress of the International Liver Transplantation Society (ILTS), the European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association (ELITA), and the Liver Intensive Care Group of Europe (LICAGE) held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, marked a significant recovery milestone for the liver transplant community after COVID-19. With 1159 participants and a surge in abstract submissions, the event focused on "Liver Disorders and Transplantation: Innovations and Evolving Indications." This conference report provides a comprehensive overview of the key themes discussed during the event, encompassing Hepatology, Anesthesia and Critical Care, Acute Liver Failure, Infectious Disease, Immunosuppression, Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Transplant Oncology, Surgical Approaches, and Machine Perfusion. The congress provided a platform for extensive discussions on a wide range of topics, reflecting the continuous advancements and collaborative efforts within the liver transplant community.},
}

Humans
Child
*Liver Transplantation/adverse effects
Living Donors
Immunosuppression Therapy
*Liver Neoplasms

@article {pmid37170990,
year = {2024},
author = {Kheur, S and Ghosal, S and Desai, KM},
title = {Oral Microbial and Molecular Cross Talk between SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes Mellitus - A Mini Review.},
journal = {Current diabetes reviews},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {e260423216221},
doi = {10.2174/1573399819666230426152606},
pmid = {37170990},
issn = {1875-6417},
mesh = {Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; Comorbidity ; Prognosis ; *Diabetes Mellitus ; },
abstract = {The oral microbiome has long been considered a measure of overall systemic health. It is often significantly altered in case of chronic inflammation or any other systemic infection. Therefore, a shift in oral microbiota and oral health is bound to be observed in diabetics infected with the coronavirus. The prognosis of COVID-19 in a diabetic individual is often worse than that in a healthy individual. The increased pathogenicity of coronavirus in diabetics is due to the peculiar ways in which it interacts with specific physiological mechanisms in a diabetic patient and vice versa. Diabetes Mellitus Type-II (DM -II) is one of the most frequently associated co-morbidities in a COVID-19 patient, and therefore it is even more pertinent that their interrelationship is understood. It is essential to recognize the above-mentioned interactions and consider their implications while treating susceptible patients. This article attempts to review and summarize the said vital interactions. Additionally, it attempts to guide and prepare oral health professionals on what to expect and how to treat diabetic patients in a future where coronavirus is, as unfortunate as it is, a regularity and not a rarity.},
}

Humans
SARS-CoV-2
*COVID-19/complications
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
Comorbidity
Prognosis
*Diabetes Mellitus

@article {pmid38621001,
year = {2022},
author = {Bizzoca, ME and Leuci, S and Mignogna, MD and Muzio, EL and Caponio, VCA and Muzio, LL},
title = {Natural compounds may contribute in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection: a narrative review.},
journal = {Food science and human wellness},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {1134-1142},
pmid = {38621001},
issn = {2213-4530},
abstract = {Coronavirus pandemic infection is the most important health issue worldwide. Coronavirus disease 2019 is a contagious disease characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. To date, excluding the possibility of vaccination, against SARS-CoV-2 infection it is possible to act only with supportive care and non-virus-specific treatments in order to improve the patient's symptoms. Pharmaceutical industry is investigating effects of medicinal plants, phytochemical extracts and aromatic herbs to find out natural substances which may act as antiviral drugs. Several studies have revealed how these substances may interfere with the viral life cycle, viral entry, replication, assembly or discharge, as well as virus-specific host targets or stimulating the host immune system, reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory response. A natural compound can be used as a prophylaxis by people professionally exposed to the risk of contagion and/or positive patients not in intensive care. The aim of this paper is to perform a narrative review of current literature in order to summarize the most studied natural compounds and their modes of action.},
}

@article {pmid38620974,
year = {2022},
author = {Wolf, A and Khimani, F and Yoon, B and Gerhart, C and Endsley, D and Ray, AK and Yango, AF and Flynn, SD and Lip, GYH and Gonzalez, SA and Sathyamoorthy, M},
title = {The mechanistic basis linking cytokine storm to thrombosis in COVID-19.},
journal = {Thrombosis update},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {100110},
pmid = {38620974},
issn = {2666-5727},
abstract = {It is now well established that infection with SARS-CoV-2 resulting in COVID-19 disease includes a severely symptomatic subset of patients in whom an aggressive and/or dysregulated host immune response leads to cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) that may be further complicated by thrombotic events, contributing to the severe morbidity and mortality observed in COVID-19. This review provides a brief overview of cytokine storm in COVID-19, and then presents a mechanistic discussion of how cytokine storm affects integrated pathways in thrombosis involving the endothelium, platelets, the coagulation cascade, eicosanoids, auto-antibody mediated thrombosis, and the fibrinolytic system.},
}

@article {pmid38620983,
year = {2021},
author = {Silva-Hernández, L and Cabal-Paz, B and Mayo-Canalejo, D and Horga, A},
title = {Post-COVID symptoms of potential peripheral nervous and muscular origin.},
journal = {Neurology perspectives},
volume = {1},
number = {},
pages = {S25-S30},
pmid = {38620983},
issn = {2667-0496},
abstract = {Many patients report persistent symptoms attributable to dysfunction of the peripheral nervous and muscular systems after acute COVID-19. These symptoms may constitute part of the so-called post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS), or may result from neuromuscular complications of hospitalisation in intensive care units (ICUs). This article provides an updated review of symptoms of potential neuromuscular origin in patients with PACS, differentiating symptoms according to muscle, peripheral nerve, or autonomic nervous system involvement, and analyses the forms of neuromuscular involvement in patients who were admitted to the ICU due to severe COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid38620975,
year = {2021},
author = {Altuna, M and Sánchez-Saudinós, MB and Lleó, A},
title = {Cognitive symptoms after COVID-19.},
journal = {Neurology perspectives},
volume = {1},
number = {},
pages = {S16-S24},
pmid = {38620975},
issn = {2667-0496},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2 infection frequently causes neurological symptoms. Cognitive alterations are among the most frequent symptoms, and may persist beyond the acute phase of infection.

METHODS: We conducted a narrative review of the literature.

RESULTS: Hospitalised patients, and especially critically ill patients, are at greater risk of developing cognitive symptoms. Post-COVID-19 cognitive symptoms, unlike those associated with other viral illnesses, have been observed in patients with mild infection, and present some atypical features. Cognitive symptoms may last longer in COVID-19 than in other infectious processes, and more frequently affect young people. Post-COVID-19 cognitive symptoms share common features with those described in chronic fatigue syndrome, including a similar profile with affective symptoms. Brief screening tests for cognitive impairment present suboptimal diagnostic performance, and standardised criteria are needed to ensure correct diagnosis.Post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment can have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life and functional independence, regardless of other post-COVID-19 symptoms. Currently, no specific treatments have been approved for post-COVID-19 cognitive impairment, although cognitive stimulation may be useful in some patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Post-COVID-19 cognitive symptoms are common and are often associated with other systemic symptoms. Neuropsychological evaluation may be useful for diagnosis and to quantify their severity and long-term prognosis. Detailed, and individualised assessment of cognitive impairment may enable the design of treatment plans.},
}

@article {pmid38620971,
year = {2021},
author = {Membrilla, JA and Caronna, E and Trigo-López, J and González-Martínez, A and Layos-Romero, A and Pozo-Rosich, P and Guerrero-Peral, Á and Gago-Veiga, AB and Andrés-López, A and Díaz de Terán, J},
title = {Persistent headache after COVID-19: Pathophysioloy, clinic and treatment.},
journal = {Neurology perspectives},
volume = {1},
number = {},
pages = {S31-S36},
pmid = {38620971},
issn = {2667-0496},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. The acute infection is characterised not only by respiratory symptoms, but also by multiple systemic manifestations, including neurological symptoms. Among these, headache is a frequent complaint. As the pandemic progresses and the population of patients recovering from COVID-19 grows, it is becoming apparent that the headache present in the acute stage of the infection may persist for an indeterminate period, becoming a major problem for the patient and potentially leading to disability. In this review we describe the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of persistent headache after COVID-19 based on the information currently available in the literature and the authors' clinical experience.},
}

@article {pmid38358109,
year = {2024},
author = {Kotani, Y and Belletti, A and Maiucci, G and Lodovici, M and Fresilli, S and Landoni, G and Bellomo, R and Zarbock, A},
title = {Renin as a Prognostic Marker in Intensive Care and Perioperative Settings: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Anesthesia and analgesia},
volume = {138},
number = {5},
pages = {929-936},
pmid = {38358109},
issn = {1526-7598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Renin/pharmacology ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Prognosis ; Angiotensin II ; Critical Care ; Lactates/pharmacology ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; },
abstract = {Serum renin increases in response to sympathetic nerve activation and hypotension. Recent studies have reported the association of serum renin levels with adverse clinical outcomes in acute care settings. This scoping review aimed to systematically review the available literature on renin as a prognostic marker in intensive care and perioperative patients. We searched for studies published since inception until March 31, 2023, which assessed the association between serum renin levels and clinical outcomes or the effect of synthetic angiotensin II administration on serum renin levels in critically ill and perioperative patients in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The primary outcome was mortality at the longest follow-up; the secondary outcomes were adverse renal outcomes (ie, acute kidney injury, the need for renal replacement therapy, and major adverse kidney events), hemodynamic instability, outcomes to angiotensin II administration, and prognostic performance for mortality when compared with lactate. Among the 2081 studies identified, we included 16 studies with 1573 patients (7 studies on shock, 5 on nonspecific critical illness, 2 on cardiac surgery, 1 on noncardiac surgery, and 1 on coronavirus disease 2019). A significant association between serum renin levels and poor outcomes was identified in 14 studies, with 10 studies demonstrating an association with mortality. One post hoc analysis found that angiotensin II administration reduced mortality in patients with markedly elevated renin values. Two studies showed that renin was superior to lactate as a prognostic marker of mortality. Our scoping review showed that elevated serum renin levels may be associated with clinically relevant outcomes among various perioperative and intensive care populations. Increased serum renin levels may identify patients in which synthetic angiotensin II administration improves clinical outcomes and may outperform serum lactate in predicting mortality.},
}

Humans
*Renin/pharmacology
*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Prognosis
Angiotensin II
Critical Care
Lactates/pharmacology
Renin-Angiotensin System