@article {pmid40958923,
year = {2025},
author = {Feiz-Haddad, MH and Khorami, S},
title = {A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Environmental Factors, and Control Strategies for Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran: Challenges and Prospects.},
journal = {Advanced biomedical research},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {90},
pmid = {40958923},
issn = {2277-9175},
abstract = {Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) remains a significant public health challenge in Iran, which reported an incidence rate of 15.8 cases per 100,000 individuals in 2019. Among the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region, Iran bears a disproportionate burden of this neglected tropical disease, with 18 out of its 31 provinces affected. ZCL is especially prevalent in rural and semiurban areas, where ecological and environmental factors create suitable conditions for disease transmission. Rodent reservoirs, particularly Meriones species, and specific vectors, such as Phlebotomus sandflies, play critical roles in the epidemiology of ZCL in Iran. Recent studies have highlighted dynamic changes in the distribution of ZCL in Iran, with newly identified hotspots in regions such as Beyza district (Fars province), Isfahan, and Razavi Khorasan. These shifts are attributed to climate change, urbanization, and altered land use patterns, which influence vector habitats and reservoir dynamics. Notably, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the spread of ZCL, redirecting health priorities and increasing the vulnerability of already high-risk areas. The interplay between these ecological factors underscores the importance of understanding localized transmission patterns. Despite the growing prevalence of ZCL, research remains limited in its focus on epidemiological aspects specific to Iran. This review aims to address this gap by examining the geographic distribution, reservoirs, vectors, and ecological drivers of ZCL within Iran. By identifying high-risk provinces and emerging trends, such as those in Fars, Isfahan, and Razavi Khorasan, this study provides a foundation for designing targeted control strategies. Effective interventions, informed by these findings, are crucial in mitigating the future burden of ZCL, particularly as vector habitats are expected to expand due to climatic changes.},
}

@article {pmid40958240,
year = {2025},
author = {Jin, M and Zhu, Z and Zhou, P and Liu, S},
title = {Extensive deep neck abscess caused by middle ear cholesteatoma complicating Proteus vulgaris infection: A case report and literature review.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {37},
pages = {e44463},
doi = {10.1097/MD.0000000000044463},
pmid = {40958240},
issn = {1536-5964},
support = {SCU10370//the Reform Project of Higher Education Teaching at Sichuan University/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Abscess/etiology/microbiology ; Adult ; *Neck ; COVID-19/complications ; *Proteus Infections/complications/diagnosis ; *Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/complications ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Drainage/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: Middle ear cholesteatoma (MEC) is a non-neoplastic cystic lesion that can cause severe complications if untreated. While subperiosteal abscesses, neck abscesses, and sigmoid sinus thrombophlebitis have been reported, an extensive deep neck abscess extending to the axillary fossa due to MEC has not been previously documented. This case highlights a deep neck abscess complicated by Proteus vulgaris infection during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recovery, underscoring the importance of individualized management strategies based on pathogen characteristics.

PATIENT CONCERNS: A 27-year-old man with a history of left ear purulent otorrhea for > 20 years presented with neck swelling for 5 days during COVID-19 recovery.

DIAGNOSES: Examination revealed: the left neck, up to the mastoid process, down to the ipsilateral armpit and lateral chest wall, and back to the trapezius muscle, was widely erythematous and swollen, with elevated skin temperature. Computed tomography revealed soft tissue density shadows in the left mastoid process, along with gas and pus accumulation in the left neck, pharynx, and axillary fossa. Culture results confirmed P vulgaris infection. The diagnosis was MEC complicated by a deep neck abscess and P vulgaris infection.

INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent a modified radical mastoidectomy and incision and drainage of a left maxillofacial cervical multi-gap abscess. Postoperatively, the neck cavity was sutured, and negative pressure drainage tubes were placed. Due to subsequent parapharyngeal swelling and respiratory distress with a difficult airway, a tracheotomy was performed, followed by additional drainage of an abscess in the posterior oropharyngeal wall. Extensive necrosis of the cervical soft tissue necessitated reopening the neck incision and placement of Penrose drains for continued drainage.

OUTCOMES: The patient recovered well following surgical interventions and tailored wound management, with no further complications.

LESSONS: This case underscores the importance of timely and appropriate abscess drainage and wound management tailored to the causative organism's characteristics. It also highlights the need for aggressive treatment of the primary pathology (MEC) to prevent severe complications. Clinicians should be vigilant for unusual presentations of deep neck abscesses, especially in patients with recent infections such as COVID-19, which may complicate the clinical course.},
}

Humans
Male
*Abscess/etiology/microbiology
Adult
*Neck
COVID-19/complications
*Proteus Infections/complications/diagnosis
*Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/complications
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Drainage/methods
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40957683,
year = {2025},
author = {Caruso, BA and Snyder, JS and O'Brien, LA and LaFon, E and Files, K and Shoaib, DM and Prasad, SK and Rogers, HK and Cumming, O and Esteves Mills, J and Gordon, B and Wolfe, MK and Freeman, MC},
title = {Behavioural factors influencing hand hygiene practices across domestic, institutional and public community settings: a systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {10},
number = {Suppl 7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2025-018927},
pmid = {40957683},
issn = {2059-7908},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hand Hygiene ; Qualitative Research ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Health Behavior ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This systematic review sought to understand barriers and enablers to hand hygiene in community settings.

METHODS: Eligible studies addressed hand hygiene in a community setting, included a qualitative component, and were published in English between 1 January 1980 and 29 March 2023. Studies were excluded if in healthcare settings or were animal research. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health, Cochrane Library, Global Index Medicus, Scopus, Public Affairs Information Service Index, WHO Institutional Repository for Information Sharing, UN Digital Library and World Bank eLibrary, manually searched relevant systematic reviews' reference lists, and consulted experts. We used MaxQDA software to code papers, using the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour) framework to classify barriers and enablers. We used thematic analysis to describe each COM-B subtheme identified, GRADE-CERQual to assess confidence in evidence for thematic findings and the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT) to assess risk of study bias.

RESULTS: 80 studies were included; most took place in Africa (31; 39%), South-East Asia (31; 39%) and domestic settings (54; 68%). The mean MMAT score was 4.86 (good quality). Barriers and/or enablers were reported across all COM-B constructs and subconstructs. The most reported barriers aligned with Physical Opportunity (eg, soap availability), Reflective Motivation (eg, hand hygiene not prioritised) and Automatic Motivation (eg, no habit). In contrast, the most reported enablers aligned with Automatic Motivation (ie, habit) and Reflective Motivation (ie, perception of health risk).

CONCLUSION: Findings confirm that a lack of necessary resources for hand hygiene hinders practice, even when people are motivated. Results may explain why hand hygiene increases when there are acute health risks (eg, COVID-19), but decreases when risks are perceived to fade. The qualitative methodology used among the studies may have revealed a broader array of barriers and enablers than what might have been found by quantitative, researcher-driven studies, but representativeness may be limited. Evidence was also limited on alcohol-based hand rubs. Findings can inform the design of future hand hygiene initiatives.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023429145.},
}

Humans
*Hand Hygiene
Qualitative Research
COVID-19/prevention & control
*Health Behavior

@article {pmid40957223,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohus, RM and Gustad, LT and Damås, JK and Drakesmith, H},
title = {Iron-sepsis associations in population health revealed by epidemiology.},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
volume = {120},
number = {},
pages = {105927},
doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.105927},
pmid = {40957223},
issn = {2352-3964},
abstract = {Sepsis is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, so identifying preventable risk factors is important. Iron is essential for immune function and microbial growth, and iron status varies substantially between individuals, across demographics, and is therapeutically modifiable. Here, we review the current understanding of iron status and associated risks of bloodstream infection, sepsis and severe COVID-19 highlighting relevant population-based studies and Mendelian randomisation studies. Both low and high iron status are associated with increased risk of sepsis. Low iron status is associated with sepsis, bloodstream infections and pneumonia. High iron status and mutations affecting hepcidin regulation are linked to increased risk of bloodstream infections, sepsis and COVID-19. Both iron status pathologies and sepsis are global health issues, and the epidemiological studies described indicate they may be linked. More population-scale investigations on iron status, infection and immunity, especially in areas of high iron deficiency and infectious burden are warranted.},
}

@article {pmid40957172,
year = {2025},
author = {Barkat, MQ and Li, Q and Manzoor, M and Xu, C and Hussain, N and Salawi, A and Yang, H and Hussain, M},
title = {Sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS beyond supportive care: molecular mechanisms and cutting-edge therapies.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {166},
number = {},
pages = {115495},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2025.115495},
pmid = {40957172},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {Sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS are severe conditions driven by complex molecular and cellular mechanisms, including endothelial dysfunction, immunological dysregulation, epigenetic changes, and oxidative stress. These factors disrupt endothelial integrity and promote cell death, worsening lung injury and respiratory failure. COVID-19-related ARDS, similar to sepsis-induced ALI, is more severe, involving immune dysregulation, cytokine storms, and microthrombi. Despite extensive research, sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS has gained the status of the Bermuda Triangle, as no effective pharmacological treatments are currently available, and supportive therapies remain the mainstay of treatment. Consequently, a critical need exists to explore innovative treatment options. This review highlights the molecular and cellular mechanisms of sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS, key cellular signaling pathways in sepsis-induced ALI/ARDS, clinical insights into COVID-19-related ALI/ARDS, existing and emerging treatments, and the limitations of current therapies. It emphasizes the need for innovative approaches to improve patient outcomes and underscores the importance of advancing research to enhance understanding and treatment development.},
}

@article {pmid40957159,
year = {2025},
author = {Siem, TT and Nguyen, HTT and Luc, PT},
title = {Work-life balance in higher education: A review based on bibliographic coupling analysis.},
journal = {Acta psychologica},
volume = {260},
number = {},
pages = {105567},
doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105567},
pmid = {40957159},
issn = {1873-6297},
abstract = {This study provides an overview of higher education's work-life balance (WLB) structure by employing bibliographic coupling analysis to explore key research clusters. Data was collected from the Web of Science database, resulting in 203 publications retained for analysis, with VOS viewer software used to construct and visualize the bibliographic coupling network. The bibliometric analysis revealed eight clusters, notably including "The Impact of COVID-19 on Work-Life Balance and Well-being in Higher Education", "Impact of Work-Life Balance on Work Outcomes", "The Career Paths of Academics", and "Institutional and Personal Pressures Affecting Academic WLB". Despite existing bibliographic analyses of WLB policy across multiple disciplines and WLB dynamics during the pandemic, a dedicated in-depth analysis mapping the WLB research landscape specifically within the higher education sector has been notably absent. Therefore, this study uniquely contributes by offering a comprehensive overview of the WLB structure in higher education, identifying key research groups, and suggesting future directions, which will primarily benefit academic institutions, policymakers, and educators. Future research on academic well-being and WLB should adopt longitudinal and intersectional approaches, exploring experiences across diverse populations defined by gender, race, and career stage. Key areas include examining technology's impact, developing tailored mental health interventions and robust institutional support mechanisms, and emphasizing comparative analyses across global contexts as well as exploring generational differences in perceptions of WLB. In addition, refining theoretical frameworks for emerging work models is essential to inform equitable and sustainable policies.},
}

@article {pmid40957014,
year = {2025},
author = {Karve, Z and Calpey, J and Machado, C and Knecht, M and Mejia, MC},
title = {New Doc on the Block: Scoping Review of AI Systems Delivering Motivational Interviewing for Health Behavior Change.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {e78417},
doi = {10.2196/78417},
pmid = {40957014},
issn = {1438-8871},
mesh = {*Motivational Interviewing/methods ; Humans ; *Health Behavior ; *Artificial Intelligence ; COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in digital health, particularly through large language models (LLMs), to support patient engagement and behavior change. One novel application is the delivery of motivational interviewing (MI), an evidence-based, patient-centered counseling technique designed to enhance motivation and resolve ambivalence around health behaviors. AI tools, including chatbots, mobile apps, and web-based agents, are being developed to simulate MI techniques at scale. While these innovations are promising, important questions remain about how faithfully AI systems can replicate MI principles or achieve meaningful behavioral impact.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to summarize existing empirical studies evaluating AI-driven systems that apply MI techniques to support health behavior change. Specifically, we examined the feasibility of these systems; their fidelity to MI principles; and their reported behavioral, psychological, or engagement outcomes.

METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for empirical studies published between January 1, 2018, and February 25, 2025. Eligible studies involved AI-driven systems using natural language generation, understanding, or computational logic to deliver MI techniques to users targeting a specific health behavior. We excluded studies using AI solely for training clinicians in MI. Three independent reviewers screened and extracted data on study design, AI modality and type, MI components, health behavior focus, MI fidelity assessment, and outcome domains.

RESULTS: Of the 1001 records identified, 15 (1.5%) met the inclusion criteria. Of these 15 studies, 6 (40%) were exploratory feasibility or pilot studies, and 3 (20%) were randomized controlled trials. AI modalities included rule-based chatbots (9/15, 60%), LLM-based systems (4/15, 27%), and virtual or mobile agents (2/15, 13%). Targeted behaviors included smoking cessation (6/15, 40%), substance use (3/15, 20%), COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, type 2 diabetes self-management, stress, mental health service use, and opioid use during pregnancy. Of the 15 studies, 13 (87%) reported positive findings on feasibility or user acceptability, while 6 (40%) assessed MI fidelity using expert review or structured coding, with moderate to high alignment reported. Several studies found that users perceived the AI systems as judgment free, supportive, and easier to engage with than human counselors, particularly in stigmatized contexts. However, limitations in empathy, safety transparency, and emotional nuance were commonly noted. Only 3 (20%) of the 15 studies reported substantially significant behavioral changes.

CONCLUSIONS: AI systems delivering MI show promise for enhancing patient engagement and scaling behavior change interventions. Early evidence supports their usability and partial fidelity to MI principles, especially in sensitive domains. However, most systems remain in early development, and few have been rigorously tested. Future research should prioritize randomized evaluations; standardized fidelity measures; and safeguards for LLM safety, empathy, and accuracy in health-related dialogue.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: OSF Registries 10.17605/OSF.IO/G9N7E; https://osf.io/g9n7e.},
}

*Motivational Interviewing/methods
Humans
*Health Behavior
*Artificial Intelligence
COVID-19

@article {pmid40956864,
year = {2025},
author = {Olagunju, A and Perazzolo, S and Stephen, ZR and Ryan, M and Xu, X and Venkatasubramanian, P and Atoyebi, S and Fratte, RD and Owen, A and Flexner, C and Ho, RJY},
title = {The Promises and Prospects of Long-Acting Therapeutics for Treatment and Prevention of Infectious Diseases.},
journal = {Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-071724-100739},
pmid = {40956864},
issn = {1545-4304},
abstract = {Long-acting (LA) therapeutics have emerged as a key component of infectious disease treatment and prevention strategies, their uptake fueled by the need to bridge notable gaps with short-acting drug formulations. In this review, we present the key drivers and summarize the enabling technologies. Focusing on infections with significant global disease burden (HIV, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis, malaria, and COVID-19), the current state of knowledge on approved LA therapeutics and promising innovations currently in development are summarized. The potential role of LA therapeutics as countermeasures for diseases of pandemic potential and new approaches using computational modeling to accelerate their development for pediatric and perinatal health are discussed. Due to complexities in manufacturing, and the diversity of patent-protected technologies, barriers exist for global access to LA products and in upscaling intricate LA formulations. A multipronged strategic framework, including acceleration of equitable access through generic product manufacture, is proposed to realize the full potential of LA therapeutics for global health.},
}

@article {pmid40956375,
year = {2025},
author = {Naushad, Z and Malik, J and Mishra, AK and Singh, S and Shrivastav, D and Sharma, CK and Verma, VV and Pal, RK and Roy, B and Sharma, VK},
title = {Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Health: Insights into Post-COVID Public Health Challenges.},
journal = {High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40956375},
issn = {1179-1985},
abstract = {Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be the topmost cause of the worldwide morbidity and mortality. Risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and smoking are significantly worsening the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic has powerfully highlighted the undeniable connection between viral infections and cardiovascular health. Current literature highlights that SARS-CoV-2 contributes to myocardial injury, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and systemic inflammation, increasing the severity of CVD outcomes. Long COVID has also been associated with persistent cardiovascular complications, including myocarditis, arrhythmias, thromboembolic events, and accelerated atherosclerosis. Addressing these challenges requires continued research and public health strategies to mitigate long-term risks. Artificial intelligence (AI) is changing cardiovascular medicine and community health through progressive machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) applications. AI enhances risk prediction, facilitates biomarker discovery, and improves imaging techniques such as echocardiography, CT, and MRI for detecting coronary artery disease and myocardial injury on time. Remote monitoring and wearable devices powered by AI enable real-time cardiovascular assessment and personalized treatment. In public health, AI optimizes disease surveillance, epidemiological modeling, and healthcare resource allocation. AI-driven clinical decision support systems improve diagnostic accuracy and health equity by enabling targeted interventions. The integration of AI into cardiovascular medicine and public health offers data-driven, efficient, and patient-centered solutions to mitigate post-COVID cardiovascular complications.},
}

@article {pmid40956349,
year = {2025},
author = {Corrêa-Dias, LC and Lopes-Ribeiro, Á and Mendes, GER and Marques-Ferreira, G and Wilker-Teixeira, C and Clarindo, FA and de Melo Rocha, V and Martuchele-Félix, ME and Retes, HM and Santos, TAP and Azevedo, GLA and Pereira, VEV and de Fátima Silva Moraes, T and de Sousa Reis, EV and Gomes-de-Pontes, L and Rabelo, LF and Dos Santos, EAS and Pereira, CLD and Coelho, FDS and Coelho, RP and Santos, RA and Coelho, GP and da Fonseca, FG and Coelho-Dos-Reis, JGA},
title = {A pain from the nose to the head: neurological commitment during long COVID.},
journal = {Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]},
volume = {74},
number = {1},
pages = {127},
pmid = {40956349},
issn = {1420-908X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology ; *Neuroinflammatory Diseases/immunology/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Long COVID is a debilitating illness with multi-systemic symptoms that affects at least 10% of individuals who have had COVID-19. Symptoms include respiratory, dermatological, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and most frequently reported, neurological sequelae. The most common neurological manifestations include fatigue, brain fog, memory issues, attention disorder, and headaches.

METHODS: In this review, we explore the current literature and highlight key findings regarding not only the clinical presentations of neurological commitment during long COVID but mainly the mechanisms that culminate in neuroinflammation, such as autoimmunity, viral reservoirs, and lack of surveillance of T-cells.

RESULTS: Neuroinflammation is a complex multicellular response that directly impacts microglial cells and includes inflammasome activation, trafficking of immune cells, and increased circulating autoantibodies, cytokines, and chemokines in the central nervous system, directly impacting the tissue homeostasis. This review provides important information beyond the clinical manifestations of long COVID. Here, we highlight multifactorial neuroinflammation as the main mechanism involved in long COVID, bringing together several studies that address the different mechanisms that culminate in inflammation of the central nervous system, and highlight possible biomarkers involved in this syndrome and potential therapeutic approaches that have been studied.

CONCLUSION: Thus, this review strengthens research into long COVID and provides new possibilities for future studies.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/immunology
*Neuroinflammatory Diseases/immunology/etiology
SARS-CoV-2
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

@article {pmid40956089,
year = {2025},
author = {Williams, T and McCaw, JM and Osborne, JM},
title = {Spatially structured models of viral dynamics: a scoping review.},
journal = {Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0028324},
doi = {10.1128/mmbr.00283-24},
pmid = {40956089},
issn = {1098-5557},
abstract = {SUMMARYThere is growing recognition in both the experimental and modeling literature of the importance of spatial structure to the dynamics of viral infections within the host. Aided by the evolution of computing power and motivated by recent biological insights, there has been an explosion of new, spatially explicit models for within-host viral dynamics in recent years. This development has only been accelerated in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Spatially structured models offer improved biological realism and can account for dynamics that cannot be well-described by conventional, mean-field approaches. However, despite their growing popularity, spatially structured models of viral dynamics are underused in biological applications. One major obstacle to the wider application of such models is the huge variety in approaches taken, with little consensus as to which features should be included and how they should be implemented for a given biological context. Previous reviews of the field have focused on specific modeling frameworks or on models for particular viral species. Here, we instead apply a scoping review approach to the literature of spatially structured viral dynamics models as a whole to provide an exhaustive update of the state of the field. Our analysis is structured along two axes, methodology and viral species, in order to examine the breadth of techniques used and the requirements of different biological applications. We then discuss the contributions of mathematical and computational modeling to our understanding of key spatially structured aspects of viral dynamics and suggest key themes for future model development to improve robustness and biological utility.},
}

@article {pmid40955938,
year = {2025},
author = {Rastogi, A and Sahoo, JP and Sivasubramanian, S and Mukhopadhyay, S and Shukla, R and Ramakrishnan, S and Shaikh, S and Abhyankar, M and Prasad, A and Kale, S},
title = {Evaluation of Deficiency of Vitamin D and Advantages of Supplementation of Vitamin D in COVID-19 Infections: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India},
volume = {73},
number = {9},
pages = {e38-e47},
doi = {10.59556/japi.73.1169},
pmid = {40955938},
issn = {0004-5772},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vitamin D Deficiency/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology ; *Vitamin D/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications ; *Dietary Supplements ; *Vitamins/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Severity of Illness Index ; },
abstract = {Continuously evolving literature has helped to understand the vitamin D contribution to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) manifestations and the associated clinical outcomes in different patient populations. Evidence suggests a widespread occurrence of deficiency of vitamin D among patients presenting COVID-19 and a possible link between vitamin D insufficiency and disease progression or mortality. Furthermore, studies worldwide have reported that supplements of vitamin D have a beneficial effect on COVID-19 outcomes. Contradictory data, however, suggest that there is no association between levels of vitamin D and the likelihood of COVID-19 infections. Therefore, a comprehensive search of the published literature is conducted to better understand any harmful effects of vitamin D deficiency (VDD), advantages of vitamin D supplementation, and the relationship between status of vitamin D and risk, severity, and mortality in patients with COVID-19. The information was gathered from the PubMed database published between January 2020 and July 2022 regarding the function of vitamin D in the immune system, the link between deficiency of vitamin D and COVID-19 infection, severity, risk of mortality of COVID-19, and the impact of vitamin D treatment on outcomes of COVID-19. Vitamin D modulates the immune system by elevating the levels of cathelicidins and β-defensin in the body. Deficiency of vitamin D is markedly attributed to the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which determines the severity of disease in patients with COVID-19. Levels of vitamin D below 20 ng/mL in patients with COVID-19 are linked to an increased mortality and morbidity. Vitamin D concentration of >30 ng/mL can diminish the COVID-19 severity and risk of mortality. Supplementation with vitamin D to maintain a serum concentration of 30 ng/mL would mitigate the incidence of COVID-19 and poor prognostic outcomes.},
}

Humans
*Vitamin D Deficiency/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology
*Vitamin D/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*COVID-19/mortality/complications
*Dietary Supplements
*Vitamins/therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Severity of Illness Index

@article {pmid40955521,
year = {2025},
author = {Shang, W and Wang, G and Han, D},
title = {Benefits of Nanocurcumin on Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.},
journal = {Journal of integrative and complementary medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1177/27683605251379004},
pmid = {40955521},
issn = {2768-3613},
abstract = {Background: The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, and the death toll continues to surge. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of nanocurcumin on mortality in patients with COVID-19. Methods: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov up to November 2024, without language restrictions. Inclusion criteria: (1) inclusion of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who are 18 years or older; (2) polymerase chain reaction positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2; and (3) use of a randomized controlled design to make a comparison of nanocurcumin with placebo. The Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was used to assess the risk of bias. Studies were pooled to risk ratios (RRs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Six trials (enrolling 333 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Nanocurcumin therapy showed significant improvements on mortality (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.25-0.88; p = 0.02), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD -0.30, 95% CI -0.56 to -0.04; p = 0.02), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (SMD -0.63, 95% CI -1.16 to -0.10; p = 0.02), and IL-1β (SMD -0.88, 95% CI -1.37 to -0.39; p = 0.0004). Conclusions: Nanocurcumin significantly reduced mortality, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Given the lack of safety data and concerns about the risk of bias, the use of nanocurcumin in COVID-19 requires further research.},
}

@article {pmid40954187,
year = {2025},
author = {van der Bie, J and Coleon, A and Visser, D and Bogers, WM and den Dunnen, J and Spronk, HMH and Langermans, JAM and Willemen, HLDM and De Melo, GD and Middeldorp, J and Stammes, MA},
title = {Post Pandemic Problem, is there an animal model suitable to investigate PASC.},
journal = {Npj imaging},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {41},
pmid = {40954187},
issn = {2948-197X},
support = {11080012310002/ZONMW_/ZonMw/Netherlands ; },
abstract = {Although the COVID-19 pandemic is no longer a global health emergency, many patients still suffer from long-term effects, known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. Understanding its complex pathophysiology requires animal models replicating the post-acute phase, which may aid in developing, the urgently needed, therapeutics. Our review assessed and summarized 81 studies from 1979 manuscripts. In addition, a second table summarizing the imaging findings of 26 studies related to this topic was added, based on a separate literature search of 797 manuscripts. In humans a SARS-CoV-2 infection, the sequelae and possible development of PASC is heterogenic. The same holds true for experimental animal models. While several models are suitable to address different research questions, no single model can fully replicate all aspects of PASC. Imaging plays a crucial role in visualizing these aspects, especially since questionnaires, the primary diagnostic tool in humans, cannot be used in animals. Thus, imaging allows the investigation of pathophysiology in a controlled setting, offering valuable insights. This review summarizes the available animal models and imaging modalities used in PASC research. Our aim is to provide researchers with guidance on selecting the most appropriate model and imaging technique to address their specific research questions.},
}

@article {pmid40639876,
year = {2025},
author = {Chalmers, JD and Mall, MA and Nielsen, KG and Chang, AB and Aliberti, S and Blasi, F and Korkmaz, B and Lorent, N and Taggart, CC and Loebinger, MR},
title = {Neutrophil-derived biomarkers in bronchiectasis: identifying a common therapeutic target.},
journal = {The European respiratory journal},
volume = {66},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/13993003.00081-2025},
pmid = {40639876},
issn = {1399-3003},
mesh = {Humans ; *Bronchiectasis/metabolism/therapy/diagnosis/drug therapy ; *Biomarkers/metabolism ; *Neutrophils/metabolism ; Inflammation ; Lung ; },
abstract = {Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease that can lead to a substantial decline in lung function, ultimately leading to a significantly increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Despite the increasing global impact of bronchiectasis, no specific (or licensed) treatment for the disease currently exists, with most available therapies, though beneficial, focusing on symptom management and infection control. In part, the lack of specific treatments for bronchiectasis may be due to a lack of established biomarkers for the disease. Because bronchiectasis varies so widely in its clinical presentation and can be caused by various aetiologies, the establishment of validated biomarkers has proven challenging. However, identifying key biomarkers in bronchiectasis is crucial to developing appropriate diagnosis and management plans, as well as to measuring effective responses to treatment. While there is a multitude of potential biomarkers in bronchiectasis, almost all instances of bronchiectasis are underpinned by chronic neutrophilic inflammation. The imbalance in neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) and their endogenous inhibitors has been strongly linked to the lung destruction, mucosal-related defects, infection and worsening of clinical outcomes that are frequently observed in bronchiectasis. In this review, we discuss the various biomarkers linked to bronchiectasis, with a specific focus on NSPs as the most validated biomarkers in bronchiectasis, given their marked role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Lastly, we touch on potential therapeutic approaches aimed at reducing NSP activity in bronchiectasis, showing that, to date, indirect NSP inhibition appears to be the strategy that most effectively addresses chronic neutrophilic inflammation in bronchiectasis.},
}

Humans
*Bronchiectasis/metabolism/therapy/diagnosis/drug therapy
*Biomarkers/metabolism
*Neutrophils/metabolism
Inflammation
Lung

@article {pmid40579684,
year = {2025},
author = {Jackson, D},
title = {Global Maternal Child Health Initiatives and Programs 1974 to 2023.},
journal = {Maternal and child health journal},
volume = {29},
number = {8},
pages = {1047-1060},
pmid = {40579684},
issn = {1573-6628},
support = {Takeda Chair in Global Child Health LSHTM//Takeda Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Global Health ; Female ; Child ; COVID-19 ; *Maternal-Child Health Services/trends ; *Maternal Health/trends ; Child Health ; Primary Health Care ; },
abstract = {AIM: This review paper aims to review Global MCH initiatives and note trends across the last five decades (1974-2023).

METHODS: As an organizing framework, MCH initiatives and programs have been classified into five categories: Global Health Conferences, Declarations or Strategies; Global Health Surveys; Global MCH Programs; Global MCH related Data Initiatives or Working/Advisory Groups; and Global MCH Partnerships or Networks.

RESULTS: Over 50 Global MCH initiatives and programs have been implemented during this period. The first International Conference on Primary Health Care and the Alma Ata Declaration in 1978 initiated a new era of global public health. International conferences building on Alma Ata with a focus on population health and MCH, along with global surveys to measure the health status of populations across countries and global working groups to analyze these data, emerged over the next decades. Global MCH partnerships also emerged for advocacy and coordination of an increasing number of efforts to improve maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health and well-being-towards achieving the Millennium (2000-2015) and Sustainable (2016-2030) Development Goals.

CONCLUSION: Four trends were noted across these five decades: (1) MCH Mortality decreased but unacceptable inequities persist with COVID-19, ongoing conflicts and climate change threatening these gains. (2) Implementation of primary health care (PHC) as envisioned by Alma Ata in 1974 continues to see a debate about selective versus comprehensive programs. (3) As mortality declined (Survive), the field expanded focus to child well-being (Thrive) and across preconception through adolescents (Transform). (4) Global MCH issues are relevant across high-income (HIC) and low-middle income (LMIC) settings to achieve health and well-being of all women and children everywhere.},
}

Humans
*Global Health
Female
Child
COVID-19
*Maternal-Child Health Services/trends
*Maternal Health/trends
Child Health
Primary Health Care

@article {pmid40562174,
year = {2025},
author = {Bartoletti, M and Azap, O and Barac, A and Ben Selma, M and Ergonul, O and Gkrania-Klotsas, E and Grossi, PA and Krause, R and Nagavci, B and Paño-Pardo, JR and Pierrotti, LC and Power, N and Rodríguez-Baño, J and Sibani, M and Slavin, MA and Szabo, BG and Tazza, B and Yung Tsang, NN and Tsiodras, S and Zollner-Schwetz, I and Chemaly, RF and , },
title = {Management of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients: an European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases consensus document.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {31},
number = {10},
pages = {1655-1666},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2025.05.032},
pmid = {40562174},
issn = {1469-0691},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; *COVID-19/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Europe ; Consensus ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Data on treatment of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients emerged recently; however, published guidelines for the management of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients are lacking.

AIM AND METHODS: To develop consensus statements derived from evidence and expert opinion on management of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients, an expert panel was convened by European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. The expert panel developed a list of questions which are of general interest for clinicians and readers with backgrounds in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases. Six questions were selected. For each question, systematic literature searches were undertaken. We considered most study types, including clinical trials, observational studies with or without a control group, systematic reviews, case series, and case reports. Detailed inclusion criteria were defined for each research question using the Population Intervention Comparison Outcome format. Immunocompromised patients included patients with (a) primary immune deficiencies; (b) active malignancy or malignancy diagnosed or received cancer therapies within 1 year of COVID-19 diagnosis, (c) HIV with a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count <200 cells/mm[3] or percentage <14%; (d) receipt of solid organ transplant within 1 year of COVID-19 diagnosis; (e) receipt of haematopoietic cell transplant or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy within 1 year of COVID-19 diagnosis; (f) receipt of systemic corticosteroid therapy with a dose of ≥20 mg prednisone or equivalent daily for ≥14 days or a cumulative dose of >600 mg of prednisone; (g) receipt of biological immune modulators; or (h) receipt of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or other immunosuppressive drugs. The panel's consensus statements were based on evidence, supplemented by experience and expert opinion, especially in cases when evidence was limited or scarce. This document is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standard.},
}

Humans
*Immunocompromised Host
*COVID-19/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Europe
Consensus
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid38982926,
year = {2025},
author = {Nandi, S and Karati, D and Mukherjee, S},
title = {Nanosponges-road Less Explored Changing Drug Delivery Approach: An Explicative Review.},
journal = {Current pharmaceutical biotechnology},
volume = {26},
number = {11},
pages = {1696-1715},
pmid = {38982926},
issn = {1873-4316},
mesh = {Humans ; *Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Drug Carriers/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Nanostructures/chemistry ; Nanotechnology/methods ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage ; Polymers/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Nanotechnology exhibits a wide range of applications in the domain of disease therapy, diagnosis, biological detection, and environmental safeguards. The cross-linked polymeric nanosponges (NSs) are a nanoscale drug carrier system with a 3D porous structure and high entrapment efficacy. NSs up to the fourth generation are currently accessible and can serve as a delivery system for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. The delivery system exhibits superiority over alternative methods due to its ability to achieve controlled and targeted drug delivery. The colloidal structure of NSs facilitates the encapsulation of a wide range of agents such as proteins and peptides, enzymes, antineoplastic drugs, volatile oil, vaccines, DNA, etc. NSs efficiently overcome the challenges associated with drug toxicity and poor aqueous solubility. NS formulations have been explored for various applications like gaseous encapsulation, enzyme immobilization, antifungal therapy, poison absorbent, water purification, etc. This review provides a comprehensive analysis regarding methods of synthesis, distinct polymeric NSs, mechanism of drug release, factors affecting NS development, applications, and patents filed in the field of NSs. Herein, the recently developed NS formulations, their potential in cancer therapy, and current progressions of NS for SARS-CoV-2 management are also deliberated with special attention, focusing on the significant challenges and future directions.},
}

Humans
*Drug Delivery Systems/methods
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Animals
COVID-19
Drug Carriers/chemistry
SARS-CoV-2
*Nanostructures/chemistry
Nanotechnology/methods
Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
Polymers/chemistry

@article {pmid38350014,
year = {2023},
author = {Bacho, MH and Mounir, MS and Chan, EK and Dos Santos, BF},
title = {Pattern of Dental Emergencies at a Pediatric Tertiary Care Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study.},
journal = {Journal (Canadian Dental Association)},
volume = {89},
number = {},
pages = {n8},
pmid = {38350014},
issn = {1488-2159},
mesh = {Child ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Pandemics ; Emergencies ; Tertiary Care Centers ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and government restrictions affecting dental health care professionals had an impact on pediatric dental emergency trends. The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the characteristics, outcomes and management of pediatric dental emergencies in a single tertiary care hospital.

METHODS: A retrospective review of children presenting to Montreal Children's Hospital for dental emergencies before and during the pandemic was conducted. Data collected included children's demographic characteristics, type of emergency visit, clinical signs and symptoms, as well as emergency management. For the pandemic period, data regarding patient symptoms of COVID-19 infection were also noted.

RESULTS: Of the 2745 pediatric dental emergencies included, 1336 (48.7%) occurred in 2019 and 1409 (51.3%) in 2020. During the first wave of COVID-19, the number of pediatric dental emergencies increased by 21% over pre-pandemic levels. A significant increase in the number of emergencies associated with dental infection was noted during the pandemic period (p = 0.04). A significant increase in the number of visits not receiving effective immediate treatment (p < 0.01) occurred during the early pandemic period.

CONCLUSION: Our study shows a significant increase in the rates of dental emergencies and acuity of dental conditions during the first wave of the pandemic. Increased public health measures and adaptation to this ongoing public health crisis are important to ensure continued high-quality dental care for pediatric patients.},
}

Child
Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
Pandemics
Emergencies
Tertiary Care Centers

@article {pmid40953098,
year = {2025},
author = {Hassani, M and Karanikas, N},
title = {Scoping review of studies on work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Quality of evidence, coverage of risk factors and types of risk assessment tools used.},
journal = {Work (Reading, Mass.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {10519815251374641},
doi = {10.1177/10519815251374641},
pmid = {40953098},
issn = {1875-9270},
abstract = {BackgroundDespite continual efforts globally in preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), they remain one of the most common occupational injuries with individual, organisational and societal impacts.ObjectiveThis scoping review analysed 265 studies on WMSDs published between January 2013 and December 2024, aiming to assess the quality of evidence, identify risk factors, and examine risk assessment tools used.MethodsA systematic search in Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Scopus, including subscription-based and open-access journals identified relevant studies. Inclusion criteria focused on WMSD risk assessment in occupational settings. Data extraction covered study characteristics, risk factors, assessment tools, and methodological quality.ResultsThe review revealed a significant increase in WMSD research in recent years, particularly from 2021 to 2024, possibly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on work tasks and conditions. Lower back, neck, and shoulder pain were the most prevalent WMSDs reported. The review identified 79 risk factors across five categories. Physical task factors were most frequently investigated, while psychosocial and environmental factors were underrepresented. Self-report tools, particularly the Nordic Questionnaire, were the most commonly used assessment methods. Our review also highlights the need for more comprehensive risk assessment approaches that consider the interconnected nature of WMSD risk factors. Additionally, about 28% of the reviewed studies did not meet adequate quality of evidence criteria, indicating a need for improved research methodologies.ConclusionsThis review provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in occupational health and safety, emphasising the importance of holistic approaches to WMSD risk assessment and management.},
}

@article {pmid40952530,
year = {2025},
author = {Bulygin, AA and Kuznetsov, NA},
title = {Prospects for the structure‒function evolution of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors.},
journal = {Journal of computer-aided molecular design},
volume = {39},
number = {1},
pages = {78},
pmid = {40952530},
issn = {1573-4951},
support = {#121112900214-2//Russian state/ ; #121112900214-2//Russian state/ ; },
mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/enzymology/drug effects ; Humans ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; *Coronavirus 3C Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; *Protease Inhibitors/chemistry/pharmacology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; COVID-19/virology ; Lactams ; Leucine ; Nitriles ; Proline ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become the third case of widespread coronavirus infection. Together with the other two viruses, the SARS-CoV-2 virus is highly pathogenic, and some strains have a mortality rate of more than 1%. Moreover, it has become clear that coronaviruses mutate quite often, which reduces the effectiveness of available vaccines and forces the regular creation of new ones. The main viral protease M[pro] is a suitable target for direct-acting drugs. Currently, there is only one recommended anticoronavirus drug, nirmatrelvir, which, however, does not have all the properties necessary for widespread and effective use. Thus, the development of a highly selective and effective protease inhibitor that can be taken orally still remains relevant. In this work, we performed an in-depth literature review of M[pro] inhibitor studies and conducted extensive molecular dynamics simulations of M[pro]-inhibitor complexes with computational prediction of binding ability and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) properties of new compounds. On the basis of the literature review we composed a set of criteria that a potent inhibitor must meet. Then we created a set of possible inhibitors and their parts, which presumably allows all the necessary properties, namely, high affinity for the viral enzyme, selectivity, bioavailability and solubility, to be achieved.},
}

*SARS-CoV-2/enzymology/drug effects
Humans
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
*Coronavirus 3C Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism
*Protease Inhibitors/chemistry/pharmacology
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Structure-Activity Relationship
*Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology
COVID-19/virology
Lactams
Leucine
Nitriles
Proline

@article {pmid40951905,
year = {2025},
author = {Khumbudzo, M and Duah, E and Grobler, E and Maluleke, K},
title = {The Role of Mathematical Modelling in Predicting and Controlling Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Underserved Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Public health challenges},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {e70116},
pmid = {40951905},
issn = {2769-2450},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Mathematical modelling plays an important role in public health by enabling the prediction of disease outbreaks, assessment of transmission dynamics and evaluation of intervention strategies. Although widely applied in high-resource settings, its use in underserved contexts remains underexplored. This review aimed to examine and synthesize current evidence on the application of mathematical modelling for predicting and controlling infectious diseases in underserved settings.

METHODS: A comprehensive and reproducible search was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO) frameworks across databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Medline, ScienceDirect and EBSCOhost. Keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms related to mathematical modelling and infectious disease control were applied. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts, with a third resolving discrepancies. Thematic analysis and meta-analysis were used for synthesis.

RESULTS: Out of 838 studies screened, 27 (3.2%) met inclusion criteria. Deterministic models were most used, followed by stochastic and agent-based models. Diseases modelled included COVID-19, malaria, tuberculosis (TB), Ebola, Zika, chikungunya, dengue, diphtheria, respiratory infections, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and Mpox. Modelling predicted the impact of interventions on transmission, with pooled effect size (Ro) of 1.32 (θ = 1.3, p < 0.0001). However, challenges, such as data underreporting, gaps and inconsistencies, were common, potentially affecting model accuracy and real-world applicability.

CONCLUSION: Mathematical modelling has demonstrated value in supporting infectious disease control in underserved settings. However, the predominance of deterministic models limits adaptability across diverse contexts. Poor data quality further constrains reliability. Future work should focus on expanding modelling approaches, strengthening data infrastructure and addressing a broader range of diseases. These findings can guide public health policy by supporting data-driven decision-making, improving resource allocation and integrating modelling into outbreak preparedness and response strategies in underserved settings.},
}

@article {pmid40951570,
year = {2025},
author = {A Razzak Mahmood, A and Rani, VI and Yadav, P and Patil, SS},
title = {Advanced Therapeutic Interventions Targeting Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.},
journal = {Archives of Razi Institute},
volume = {80},
number = {1},
pages = {19-35},
pmid = {40951570},
issn = {2008-9872},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; *Tuberculosis/epidemiology/drug therapy/diagnosis/prevention & control ; Artificial Intelligence ; *Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Tuberculosis infection (TBI), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), presents with or without clinical signs of active TB and is a persistent global threat despite efforts to eradicate it. The emergence of HIV/AIDS is one of the problems to complete eradication. Recent research has focused on vaccines, diagnostics, and treatment. This review examines vulnerable populations, high-risk groups, and socio-economic factors influencing TBI prevalence. It also explores the intersection of TBI and the COVID-19 pandemic, including healthcare disruptions and transmission dynamics. Advances in TBI diagnosis, biomarkers, prophylactic therapies, and combination treatments are discussed, along with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in TBI therapy to optimize treatment and personalize care. Vulnerability to TBI varies based on age, socio-economic status, and immune status. High-risk groups include those with compromised immune systems, the elderly, and those in crowded or poorly ventilated settings. Socioeconomic factors such as poverty and limited healthcare access also contribute to TBI prevalence. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted TBI diagnosis and treatment, with limited healthcare access impacting outcomes. Changes in healthcare delivery, like telemedicine, may have long-term impacts on TBI care. Improved biomarkers, like interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), offer faster TBI diagnosis. Prophylactic therapies, such as isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), reduce active TB risk in high-risk groups. Combination treatments are being evaluated for drug-resistant strains. AI integration in TBI therapy could lead to better outcomes by analyzing patient data for personalized treatment plans. In conclusion, TBI remains a global health threat requiring ongoing research and innovative approaches for diagnosis and treatment. Advances in diagnosis, prophylactic therapies, and combination treatments, along with AI integration, offer hope for improved outcomes and better patient care, In conclusion, traumatic brain injury (TBI) persists as a significant global health concern, necessitating sustained research efforts and the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Advancements in diagnostic methods, prophylactic therapies, combination treatments, and the integration of artificial intelligence hold promise for enhancing outcomes and enhancing patient care.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Mycobacterium tuberculosis
*Tuberculosis/epidemiology/drug therapy/diagnosis/prevention & control
Artificial Intelligence
*Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40951566,
year = {2025},
author = {Rashki Ghalenoo, S and Azhdari, K and Khosravi, F and Hamzeh, S and Bayat, Z and Talebi Mehrdar, M and Dahmardeh, N and Hassanshahian, M},
title = {Manufacturing Technology and Effectiveness of Corona Vaccines: A Bibliometric Review.},
journal = {Archives of Razi Institute},
volume = {80},
number = {1},
pages = {11-18},
pmid = {40951566},
issn = {2008-9872},
mesh = {*COVID-19 Vaccines/standards/immunology ; Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Bibliometrics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccine Efficacy ; },
abstract = {The etiology of "Covid-19," a respiratory illness, was first identified in late 2019 as the causative agent of the novel coronavirus. The conclusion of the pandemic was declared in 2023, and during this interval, a range of vaccines employing diverse strategies were developed. The effectiveness and other immunological characteristics of these vaccines have been thoroughly evaluated. The publication of documents related to the vaccines has persisted even after the conclusion of the pandemic. This study was conducted to investigate the research process and published documents related to the manufacturing technology and effectiveness of the vaccines. The documents published in the Scopus database in early 2024 were collected using restrictions in four subject areas and the English language. The bibliographic analysis was conducted using the Bibliometrix package in Rstudio and VOSviewer. A total of 2,810 documents were reviewed. The majority of these documents were articles and reviews, with 2,320 and 394 documents falling into these categories, respectively. Peptides and capillary electrophoresis emerged as prominent subjects in 2024. Furthermore, elasomeran, covilo, and tozinameran emerged as more recent than other keywords based on their temporal distribution. This study examines the documents published in one of the most reliable databases of vaccines against the novel strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) from a bibliometric perspective. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights and direction for future research initiatives, opportunities, and challenges in this field.},
}

*COVID-19 Vaccines/standards/immunology
Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*Bibliometrics
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Vaccine Efficacy

@article {pmid40950999,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhuang, Z and Bo, Y},
title = {Self-management and role of nurses of diabetic patients: a critical narrative literature review during COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1626447},
pmid = {40950999},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During COVID-19 and the postepidemic phase, the concept of a frontline emergency response team was gradually expanded [based on a previous clinical trial, https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier (ChiCTR2500103976)]. The professional scope of nurses gradually expanded towards the digital. We selected the digital interventions implemented by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic and self-management by diabetes patients as the research context.

AIMS: To synthesise a framework for the module-intensity-outcome of digitalised care during COVID-19.

METHODS: We searched the PubMed database for literature related to the role of nurses and self-management of diabetes patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, and then used these literature as 'seed literature' for a snowball search. We synthesised all the evidence using a directional evidence synthesis method, a narrative description method, and a visual presentation method.

RESULTS: A total of 10 publications were retrieved from the PubMed database, involving a cumulative total of 5,834 adults. This indicates that using these 10 'seed literature' for secondary literature retrieval enhances the persuasiveness of this method. Using these 'seed literature', an additional 28 literature were retrieved using the snowball method. Digital nursing has developed rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic due to challenges in patient self-management. During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients sought digital nursing services from nurses due to disrupted healthcare services, surging mental health issues, and unhealthy lifestyles. In this model, nurses serve as a bridge between digital nursing services, the healthcare system, and patients. Digital nursing services not only bridge the gap in nursing services during healthcare crises but also expand the scope of nurses' professional roles.

CONCLUSION: Nurse-led digital care with a clear mix of "modules and intensity" may have directional benefits for diabetes self-management and metabolic outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40950566,
year = {2025},
author = {Carvajal-Tello, N and Segura-Ordóñez, A and García-Muñoz, H and Sánchez-Montoya, LJ and Cambindo-Larrahondo, LM and Muñoz-Chaux, V and Barahona-Guzmán, JP and Caballero-Lozada, AF},
title = {Systematic review of the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in post-coronavirus disease.},
journal = {The South African journal of physiotherapy},
volume = {81},
number = {1},
pages = {2132},
pmid = {40950566},
issn = {2410-8219},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has demonstrated its efficacy in improving strength, muscle development, optimising microcirculation, reducing frailty and mortality risk. A better understanding of its prescription and effects in patients with coronavirus syndrome post (COVID-19) could favour its use.

OBJECTIVES: To find evidence that compares the effectiveness of NMES in the increasing muscle mass, muscle strength and functional independence of patients in post-intensive care unit (ICU) with COVID-19 syndrome.

METHOD: A systematic search was carried out in electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Ovid and Cochrane from 22 May 2022 to 30 April 2023, without language restriction, including clinical controlled trials (CCTs) and prospective longitudinal studies (PLS). Prospero registration (CRD42022332036).

RESULTS: A total of 1718 scientific articles were found; four articles met the inclusion criteria. For NMES dosing, intervention time ranged from 9 days to 30 days, the stimulus frequency was between 20 Hz and 121 Hz and the pulse width was between 350 µs and 1400 µs. The application time ranged from 30 min to 60 min, the intensity was between 20 mA and 250 mA and the stimulated muscle groups were quadriceps, tibialis anterior, hamstrings and gluteus.

CONCLUSION: The use of NMES after COVID-19 such as integral complementary strategy improves muscle mass, strength and functionality of the patients optimising recovery results.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The addition of NMES to standard physical therapy might have a positive impact on the recovery of individuals who have survived COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid40949166,
year = {2025},
author = {Albazah, NIJ and Tiong, JS and Yoshana, M and Aishath, A and Yeo, YT and Elhariri, S},
title = {Prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease with or without anosmia: A systematic review.},
journal = {Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {54},
pmid = {40949166},
issn = {1985-207X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: According to numerous research, anosmia has been reported more frequently as one of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) symptoms. However, whether anosmia is a relevant prognostic factor of COVID-19 outcomes is still unknown. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the relationship between anosmia and COVID-19 prognosis.

METHODS: PubMed, PubMed Central, Google Scholar and the WHO COVID-19 Research Database were scanned for published literature from September 2021 to December 2022 about the prognosis of patients positive for COVID-19 with anosmia. 'COVID-19' and 'prognosis' were among the search terms used. Pooled estimates of odds ratios (ORs) were then calculated by comparing patients with and without anosmia in terms of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death.

RESULTS: A total of 16 full-text articles were included in this systematic review. There were a total of 40 deaths among the patients with olfactory dysfunction and 1681 deaths among those without olfactory dysfunction, with an OR of 0.19 (95% confidence interval: 0.10, 0.34; P<0.0001), indicating that the patients with COVID-19 with olfactory dysfunction had a decreased mortality rate.

CONCLUSION: The good prognosis of patients with COVID-19 with anosmia is demonstrated in our study by the low mortality rate in those with anosmia. However, there is no association between the prognosis and ICU admission among patients with COVID-19 with anosmia.},
}

@article {pmid40949164,
year = {2025},
author = {Roczkowsky, A and Rachubinski, RA and Hobman, TC and Power, C},
title = {Peroxisomes as emerging clinical targets in neuroinflammatory diseases.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular neuroscience},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {1642590},
pmid = {40949164},
issn = {1662-5099},
abstract = {Peroxisomes are membrane-bounded organelles that contribute to a range of physiological functions in eukaryotic cells. In the central nervous system (CNS), peroxisomes are implicated in several vital homeostatic functions including, but not limited to, reactive oxygen species signaling and homeostasis; generation of critical myelin sheath components (including ether phospholipids); biosynthesis of neuroprotective docosahexaenoic acid; breakdown of neurotoxic metabolites (such as very-long chain fatty acids); and, intriguingly, glial activation and response to inflammatory stimuli. Indeed, peroxisomes play a critical role in modulating inflammatory responses and are key regulators of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein-mediated response to infections. The importance of peroxisomes in CNS physiology is exemplified by the peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), a spectrum of inherited disorders of peroxisome assembly and/or abundance, that are characterized in part by neurological manifestations ranging from severe cerebral malformations to vision and hearing loss, depending on the individual disorder. Recently, peroxisome dysfunction has been implicated in neurological diseases associated with neuroinflammation including Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease while also contributing to the pathogenesis of neurotropic viruses including SARS-CoV-2, Human Pegivirus, HIV-1 and Zika virus. In the present review, we examine the diverse roles that peroxisomes serve in CNS health before reviewing more recent studies investigating peroxisome dysfunction in inflammatory brain disorders and also highlight potential peroxisomal targets for diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic interventions.},
}

@article {pmid40949107,
year = {2025},
author = {Mbambara, S and Modipane, N and Serite, T and Sathekge, M and Kgatle, M},
title = {The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling in COVID-19 pathology and its therapeutic potential.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular medicine},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1599785},
pmid = {40949107},
issn = {2674-0095},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China, and rapidly evolved into a global health crisis. Recent evidence highlights the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway following SARS-CoV-2 infection, implicating AHR in facilitating viral replication and impairing antiviral immunity. As a ligand-dependent transcription factor, AHR regulates immune responses, cellular differentiation, and proliferation, and is frequently exploited by viruses to evade host defences. In relation to COVID-19, AHR activation drives immune suppression, systemic inflammation, and metabolic disturbances, intensifying disease severity. Notably, in individuals with comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes, AHR overactivity exacerbates insulin resistance, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombotic risk, contributing to cardiovascular complications. AHR also promotes airway remodelling and mucus hypersecretion, fostering respiratory dysfunction and fibrotic progression. This review synthesizes current insights into the mechanistic role of AHR signalling in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and discusses its potential as a target for host-directed therapeutic interventions.},
}

@article {pmid40948783,
year = {2025},
author = {Tabakov, DV and Maznina, AA and Astakhova, EA and Egorova, AE and Zakharova, EN and Glushkova, OV and Petriaikina, ES and Svetlichnyy, DV and Krupinova, JA and Bogdanov, VP and Yudin, VS and Keskinov, AA and Yudin, SM and Woroncow, M and Skvortsova, VI and Volchkov, PY},
title = {Diagnosis of cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases and prediction of the therapy effectiveness based on the individual's immunotype.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1658970},
pmid = {40948783},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/diagnosis/immunology/therapy ; *Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis/immunology/therapy ; COVID-19/immunology/diagnosis ; *Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/immunology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Biomarkers ; Prognosis ; Treatment Outcome ; Immunotherapy ; },
abstract = {Immune system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cancer and autoimmune diseases. An entire field has emerged to identify separate minor cell subpopulations carrying potential molecular targets or activation markers to study their prognostic role in disease progression and severity or predictive potential to use immunotherapy. However, the biomarker potential of minor populations is limited, as it does not take into account systemic interactions between populations of the immune system. A number of studies in the COVID era have shown that the certain balance between immune cell populations in donor's blood, called 'immunotype', can predict the outcome of treatment and the onset of a cytokine storm. This observation was extended to other diseases, including cancer and autoimmunity. It was shown that the immunotype can be used to diagnose both the presence of the disease itself, as well as its form or progression, to stratify patients in the risk groups and to predict the effectiveness of therapy. The most important advantages of immunotype-based diagnostics are its low invasiveness, the possibility of multiple biomaterial sampling, and the complexity of the analysis by the simultaneous assessment of blood cell composition and their functional activity. In this review, we summarize currently available studies of immunotypes and defined key subpopulations, their possible impact in diagnostics and personalization of the therapy in clinical routine practice in various diseases.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/diagnosis/immunology/therapy
*Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis/immunology/therapy
COVID-19/immunology/diagnosis
*Communicable Diseases/diagnosis/immunology/therapy
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Biomarkers
Prognosis
Treatment Outcome
Immunotherapy

@article {pmid40947624,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, S and Shao, C and Ding, Y and Wang, Y and Jin, L and Tan, DA and Li, S and Deng, X and Zhou, Y and Xia, Z},
title = {Ubiquitination: A Double-Edged Mechanism in Coronavirus Infections.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {97},
number = {9},
pages = {e70589},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.70589},
pmid = {40947624},
issn = {1096-9071},
support = {//This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20384), the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2024WZ9001), China Tobacco Hunan Indtstrial Co. Ltd. (KY2024JC0008), Beijing Life Science Academy (BLSA) (2024100CB0170), and the Central South University Graduate Research Innovation Project (2023ZZTS0944, 2025ZZTS0927)./ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Ubiquitination ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; *COVID-19/virology/metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Virus Replication ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; *Coronavirus Infections/virology/metabolism ; Animals ; Immunity, Innate ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Viral Proteins/metabolism ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 had a profound impact on public health, leading to the global COVID-19 pandemic. This viral outbreak has significantly heightened interest in coronaviruses, accelerating research into their pathogenesis. Ubiquitination, a common Posttranslational protein modification, plays a crucial role in processes such as protein localization, metabolism, and degradation. During coronavirus invasion and disease progression, complex interactions involving ubiquitination are at play. On one hand, the host utilizes ubiquitination to activate innate immune signaling pathway or degrade crucial viral proteins via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, thereby inhibiting viral replication. On the other hand, coronaviruses manipulate ubiquitination to suppress the activation of key antiviral molecules or promote their degradation. Thus, both the host and virus leverage ubiquitination to their advantage. Thus, investigating the role of ubiquitination in coronavirus infection provides crucial insights into viral infection mechanisms and pathogenesis, potentially facilitating the development of novel antiviral drugs, particularly those targeting ubiquitination regulation, such as PROTAC. This paper offers a comprehensive examination of the regulatory function of ubiquitination in coronavirus infection, with the potential to advance research in the field and open new avenues for the effective control of coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2.},
}

Humans
*Ubiquitination
*SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
*COVID-19/virology/metabolism
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Ubiquitin/metabolism
Virus Replication
Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
*Coronavirus Infections/virology/metabolism
Animals
Immunity, Innate
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Viral Proteins/metabolism
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40940092,
year = {2025},
author = {Saadi, S and Nacer, NE and Boughellout, H and Benyahia, FA and Faiza, A and Anwar, F and Ariffin, AA and Boudjellal, A and Ghazali, HM and Saari, N and Mohammed, AS},
title = {Advances in microbial C-reactive peptides as pro-sensors for antibiotic release and membrane driving potentials.},
journal = {Advances in food and nutrition research},
volume = {116},
number = {},
pages = {409-500},
doi = {10.1016/bs.afnr.2025.04.012},
pmid = {40940092},
issn = {1043-4526},
mesh = {*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/analysis ; Humans ; *C-Reactive Protein/metabolism ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; },
abstract = {The involvement of C-reactive proteins in triggering antibiotic release is important in figuring out the underlaying mechanisms of cellular biomarkers involving the immune reaction and inflammation. Thus, the existence of microbial C-reactive proteins or peptides are getting logical acceptance due to the presence of some homologue peptides into microbes capable in triggering same inflammatory response levels like to that happening into mammalian cells. The objective of this chapter is to study in depth the mechanization of microbial C-reactive proteins/peptides for allowing the release of de novo antibiotics capable in competing the penicillin mechanism of action. Therefore, series of plasmo-dynamic markers are beared in mind and studied including the role of anti-inflammatory peptides, peptide transporters, opioid peptides, cell penetrating peptides and other static membrane markers including Toll-like receptor, and G-protein coupled receptors. These cellular biomarkers are studied in light of their mechanizations toward the release of commonly known classes of antibiotics including antiviral, antifungal, and antimicrobial ones. The chapter is also covering the availability of antibiotics in foods, microbes, biological matrices and in animal cells and tissues as well as the methods of detection and quantification of antibiotics and also the commonly methods used in mitigating those antibiotics when they are present in excessive doses in food materials. In this regard, some engineered models have been developed in order to remove residual traces of antibiotics as mode for food safety purposes. The domain applications of antibiotics as putative cores and therapies used for preventing the burden diseases like Covid-19 pandemia and other complicated transient diseases are also covered. The chapter is shedding light on the mechanization of peptides like antibiotics, microbial resistance against antibiotics, mechanism of antibiotic sensing, peptides-antibiotic interaction, and antibiotic resistance, by projecting lights on some developed biosensors used in detecting these type of substances.},
}

*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/analysis
Humans
*C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
Animals
Biomarkers

@article {pmid40949643,
year = {2024},
author = {Ramathebane, MM and Maja, LJ and Lets'olo, M and Monts'i, S},
title = {Reviewing the availability and integration of community health information system for HIV/AIDS in Lesotho.},
journal = {Journal of the colleges of medicine of South Africa},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {3},
pmid = {40949643},
issn = {2960-110X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is an integral part of the Sustainable Development Goals, with community-based services playing a crucial role. Various stakeholders contribute to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interventions, which must be documented and shared with others for informed decision-making.

AIM: This study aims to review the availability of a community health information system (CHIS) in Lesotho and its integration between the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the National AIDS Commission (NAC).

SETTING: The study is based on the Ministry of Health and the National AIDS Commission in Maseru, Lesotho.

METHOD: A scoping review used peer-reviewed articles, documents from MOH and NAC, and other relevant reports from non-governmental organisations. The community information systems were examined for inclusion of clinical and non-clinical information. Possible linkages of information between MOH and NAC were reviewed.

RESULTS: Clinical information from CSOs is recorded in DHIS2 at the MOH facilities, while non-clinical information is reported in LOMSHA. However, clinical information from VHWs is currently not included in DHIS2 and formal reporting tools are being developed. There are no links between MOH and NAC, which limits information sharing.

CONCLUSION: Although a CHIS exists, it lacks the necessary linkages. Community-based information from VHWs is not reported through DHIS2. Therefore, the country does not benefit fully from community-based health information.

CONTRIBUTION: Community health information systems review has never been conducted in Lesotho before. Therefore, this review will raise awareness about its importance and use in decision-making.},
}

@article {pmid40947117,
year = {2025},
author = {Weber, SB},
title = {Grappling with Judicial Discretion in Complex Times.},
journal = {The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics},
volume = {53},
number = {3},
pages = {433-434},
doi = {10.1017/jme.2025.10152},
pmid = {40947117},
issn = {1748-720X},
abstract = {When areas of the law are ambiguous or untested, such as in the compassionate release cases that proliferated during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, district judges must rely on their discretion to fill in legal gaps. Discretion can be beneficial, because it means that it allows district judges to consider factors that may lead to potentially harmful outcomes for litigants or their communities. But discretion is imperfect, particularly in the face of ethically or factually complex problems. Perhaps a place to start with addressing this difficulty is greater transparency about the benefits and limitations of discretion.},
}

@article {pmid40946682,
year = {2025},
author = {de Castro, AA and Assis, LC and Appel, RJC and da Cunha, EFF and Nepovimova, E and Kuca, K and Ramalho, TC and La Porta, FA},
title = {Nanoparticles and bioactive materials against COVID-19 and its variants: Hints from a computational-materials design perspective.},
journal = {Computers in biology and medicine},
volume = {197},
number = {Pt B},
pages = {111046},
doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.111046},
pmid = {40946682},
issn = {1879-0534},
abstract = {Society currently faces many challenges caused by the coronavirus outbreak, known as SARS-CoV-2, and in addition, its variant strains tend to be still more aggressive. Therefore, there is an enormous need to accelerate the development of novel remediation techniques against SARS-CoV-2. A literature review focusing on key terms such as 'COVID-19', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'pharmacotherapy', 'pandemic', 'nanotechnology' and 'computational-materials design', accentuates the increased role played by in silico models in developing prevention, diagnosis, and the treatment strategies. In an attempt to help in the front line, computational repositioning of drugs has intensively been explored as a well-established strategy in preclinical research in order to discover an effective therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, computational-materials design-which integrates principles of materials science, physics, chemistry, and computer science-has emerged as an indispensable approach in the fight against COVID-19, accelerating the development of novel nanomaterials and bioactive compounds, and optimizing existing drugs for enhanced efficacy against the virus and its variants. Overall, in this review, we have demonstrated the vital role of computational-materials design strategies in diverse applications (such as diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments, as well as in understanding the fundamental mechanisms of the virus and its interactions with various advanced materials) to handle the current pandemic and pave the way toward future preparedness against emerging infectious disease outbreaks.},
}

@article {pmid40945593,
year = {2025},
author = {Cao, Z and Samarkhazan, HS},
title = {Immature platelet fraction in cardiolog.},
journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120600},
doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2025.120600},
pmid = {40945593},
issn = {1873-3492},
abstract = {Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading global cause of mortality, necessitating biomarkers that enhance risk stratification and therapeutic personalization. The Immature Platelet Fraction (IPF), representing young, RNA-rich platelets (also known as reticulated platelets, RP) released from bone marrow, has emerged as a dynamic biomarker linking platelet turnover to cardiovascular pathophysiology. Clinically, elevated IPF is associated with adverse outcomes in acute coronary syndromes (ACS), myocardial infarction, and post-cardiac surgery, particularly when measured 24-72 hours after the event or post-operatively. It correlates with infarct size, recurrent thrombosis, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), though its predictive value is inconsistent at the initial clinical encounter. Its rise reflects compensatory thrombopoiesis in hypercoagulable states like diabetes, COVID-19, and malignancy. IPF also informs antiplatelet therapy, high IPF correlates with clopidogrel resistance but not ticagrelor, guiding agent selection and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) duration. Despite standardization challenges across measurement platforms (flow cytometry vs. automated analyzers), IPF outperforms mean platelet volume (MPV) in tracking platelet activity. Future directions include point-of-care IPF devices, multi-marker panels, and novel therapies targeting thrombopoiesis. Integrating IPF into clinical practice promises refined risk assessment, personalized treatment, and improved prognostic precision in cardiology, bridging translational innovation to patient care. This review synthesizes current evidence on IPF's role in CVDs, highlighting its molecular characteristics, elevated prothrombotic mediators (e.g., thromboxane A2, P-selectin), heightened reactivity, and rapid response to inflammatory stimuli.},
}

@article {pmid40945384,
year = {2025},
author = {Muzaffar, U and Fakiruddin, KS and Talebiashtiany, Y and Abdullah, S},
title = {Delving deeper in the eye of the hurricane: Immunopathogenesis & molecular characterization of cytokine storm in COVID-19, association with disease severity & the therapeutic regimens.},
journal = {Cytokine},
volume = {195},
number = {},
pages = {157025},
doi = {10.1016/j.cyto.2025.157025},
pmid = {40945384},
issn = {1096-0023},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic elicited by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a world-wide crisis, affecting a substantial percentage of the entire global population, and has engendered profound morbidity and fatalities. SARS-CoV-2 mediates its entry into human respiratory epithelial cells via interaction between viral Spike protein (S) and ACE2 receptor and enacts the host cell tropism by numerous molecular factors and inflammatory signaling pathways. The complex molecular immunopathogenesis involves loss of regulatory control of the generation & release of proinflammatory cytokines at both local as well as systemic levels. Excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines leads to the dysregulation of the innate immune system leading to the cytokine storm. Owing to the enormous release of inflammatory factors and active mediators, cytokine storm induces severe damage to secondary tissues, leading to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) or multiple-organ failure, which evokes aggravation of the disease and eventually death. Comparisons amid COVID-19 cytokine storm and several other types of cytokine storm associated diseases, gives proper insights about the etiology of cytokine storm in COVID-19. Various genetic and physiological factors contribute to severe disease progression and aggravation of the disease. In that view, several immunoregulatory therapies have been tailored to curb the cytokine storm, which might be crucial in improving the success rates of various treatment strategies as well as in lowering the mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. This review elucidates the hallmarks of COVID-19 cytokine storm, immunopathogenesis, disease progression, biomarkers, and therapeutic interventions.},
}

@article {pmid40945038,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Fan, G and He, H},
title = {Urogenital manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, MPXV and Zika virus: A comprehensive review.},
journal = {Molecular aspects of medicine},
volume = {106},
number = {},
pages = {101399},
doi = {10.1016/j.mam.2025.101399},
pmid = {40945038},
issn = {1872-9452},
abstract = {The current century has been associated with the outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), monkeypox virus (MPXV), and Zika virus (ZIKV). Although their common clinical manifestations are currently well-known, the urogenital system is gaining attention as a significant, though often underappreciated, anatomical site for emerging and re-emerging viral infections, disease development, and transmission. The present review aims to comprehensively discuss the urogenital complications linked to the infections caused by these viruses, with a primary focus on describing their suggested and established roles in the development of urogenital sequelae. It reviews various molecular and cellular mechanisms, such as direct viral pathogen cytopathic activity, virally-mediated inflammation, and the nephrotoxic side effects of specific medications, by which SARS-CoV-2, MPXV, and ZIKV may affect various parts of the urogenital system. In this context, SARS-CoV-2 uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for cell entry, which is frequently present in the urogenital tissues, resulting in urogenital injuries. Zika virus exhibits a distinct tropism for the male reproductive tract, demonstrating prolonged viral persistence in semen that facilitates sexual transmission and is linked to testicular damage and adverse congenital outcomes. The present study also addresses diagnostic considerations and therapeutic strategies in the context of urogenital sequelae associated with these viruses. Understanding the intricate molecular basis of these viral-caused sequelae is crucial for improving differential diagnosis and introducing targeted therapeutic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40944962,
year = {2025},
author = {Yong, SJ and Kenny, TA and Halim, A and Munipalli, B and Alhashem, YN and AlSaihati, H and Al-Subaie, MF and Al Kaabi, NA and Al Fares, MA and Garout, M and Sabour, AA and Alshiekheid, MA and Almansour, ZH and Alotaibi, J and Alrasheed, HA and Alamri, AA and Albayat, H and Alamodi, AS and Tombuloglu, H and Mohapatra, RK and Hazazi, A and Rabaan, AA},
title = {Post-COVID-19 Vaccination (or Long Vax) Syndrome: Putative Manifestation, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Options.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {e70070},
doi = {10.1002/rmv.70070},
pmid = {40944962},
issn = {1099-1654},
abstract = {With the global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine safety remains a priority. Emerging concerns have raised the potential risk of a long COVID-like syndrome following vaccination, informally called long Vax and provisionally termed post-COVID-19 vaccination syndrome (PCVS). Our narrative review describes the putative manifestation, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches of PCVS based on the available evidence, mostly from case reports/series and observational studies. Our review noted that PCVS typically manifests within days to weeks post-vaccination, with symptoms lasting months to years. PCVS may present as recognized diagnoses such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), small-fibre neuropathy (SFN), myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), or as long-term sequelae of myocarditis, vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopaenia (VITT), or immune thrombocytopaenia purpura (ITP). Symptomatically, PCVS overlaps with long COVID, such as fatigue and brain fog, but PCVS may involve more frequent paraesthesia and less dyspnoea. We also review pathophysiological hypotheses of PCVS, focussing on the vaccine-derived spike protein and related immune responses. Finally, we discuss potential therapies used to treat patients with PCVS or related conditions, primarily documented in case reports/series, which could guide future clinical research. Overall, PCVS remains a poorly understood condition that requires more research to elucidate its prevalence, prognosis, risk factors, and treatments.},
}

@article {pmid40943962,
year = {2025},
author = {Păcurar, D and Dinulescu, A and Prejmereanu, A and Palcău, AC and Dijmărescu, I and Pavelescu, ML},
title = {Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children Born to Mothers Infected with SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40943962},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background: The potential impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy on the neurodevelopment of offspring has raised considerable concern. Emerging studies have evaluated various developmental domains in exposed infants, yet findings remain inconsistent. Objective: To synthesize current evidence regarding neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants born to mothers with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Methods: We conducted a narrative review following PRISMA guidelines. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect using keywords including "COVID-19", "pregnancy", "neurodevelopment", and "SARS-CoV-2". Nineteen studies were included. Data were extracted regarding study design, sample size, timing of exposure, age at assessment, developmental tools used, and key findings. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Among 19 included studies, 12 reported at least some neurodevelopmental delays, particularly in motor and language domains. However, these delays were generally mild, domain-specific, and often not statistically significant. Seven studies, most of which were high-quality and low-risk, reported no significant differences between exposed and unexposed groups. Assessment tools and follow-up durations varied widely, limiting comparability. Conclusions: Current evidence does not support a consistent association between in utero SARS-CoV-2 exposure and an unfavorable neurodevelopmental outcome up to 24 months. However, heterogeneity in methods and short-term follow-up warrant further high-quality longitudinal research.},
}

@article {pmid40943770,
year = {2025},
author = {Var, SR and Maeser, N and Blake, J and Zahs, E and Deep, N and Vasilakos, Z and McKay, J and Johnson, S and Strell, P and Chang, A and Korthas, H and Krishna, V and Narayanan, M and Arju, T and Natera-Rodriguez, DE and Roman, A and Schulz, SJ and Shetty, A and Vernekar, M and Waldron, MA and Person, K and Cheeran, M and Li, L and Low, WC},
title = {Pulmonary and Immune Dysfunction in Pediatric Long COVID: A Case Study Evaluating the Utility of ChatGPT-4 for Analyzing Scientific Articles.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40943770},
issn = {2077-0383},
support = {AG077772/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults is well characterized and associated with multisystem dysfunction. A subset of patients develop post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC, or long COVID), marked by persistent and fluctuating organ system abnormalities. In children, distinct clinical and pathophysiological features of COVID-19 and long COVID are increasingly recognized, though knowledge remains limited relative to adults. The exponential expansion of the COVID-19 literature has made comprehensive appraisal by individual researchers increasingly unfeasible, highlighting the need for new approaches to evidence synthesis. Large language models (LLMs) such as the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) can process vast amounts of text, offering potential utility in this domain. Earlier versions of GPT, however, have been prone to generating fabricated references or misrepresentations of primary data. To evaluate the potential of more advanced models, we systematically applied GPT-4 to summarize studies on pediatric long COVID published between January 2022 and January 2025. Articles were identified in PubMed, and full-text PDFs were retrieved from publishers. GPT-4-generated summaries were cross-checked against the results sections of the original reports to ensure accuracy before incorporation into a structured review framework. This methodology demonstrates how LLMs may augment traditional literature review by improving efficiency and coverage in rapidly evolving fields, provided that outputs are subjected to rigorous human verification.},
}

@article {pmid40943488,
year = {2025},
author = {Patel, S and Foster, C and Patel, K and Hunter, M and Isales, CM and Fulzele, S},
title = {Musculoskeletal Complications in COVID-19: Exploring the Role of Key Biomarkers.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40943488},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {3P01AG036675-03/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed significant secondary complications affecting musculoskeletal (MSK) health, especially in patients with pre-existing conditions. This review synthesizes data from clinical and experimental studies on key MSK biomarkers, including cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), hyaluronic acid (HA), osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), procollagen type I N-terminal peptide (PINP), osteopontin (OPN), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3 and MMP-9), myostatin, IGF-1, follistatin, and creatine kinase. COVID-19 is associated with decreased COMP and osteocalcin levels, indicating cartilage degradation and impaired bone formation, alongside elevated HA, ALP, PINP, OPN, and MMPs, reflecting increased joint inflammation, bone remodeling, and tissue breakdown. Changes in myostatin, IGF-1, follistatin, and creatine kinase levels have been shown to be linked with COVID-19-related sarcopenia. These biomarker alterations provide insight into the underlying mechanisms of MSK damage in COVID-19 patients and highlight the potential for using these markers in early diagnosis and management of post-COVID musculoskeletal disorders. Further longitudinal research is essential to develop targeted therapies aimed at mitigating long-term MSK complications in affected individuals.},
}

@article {pmid40942842,
year = {2025},
author = {Kinyua, DM and Memeu, DM and Mugo Mwenda, CN and Ventura, BD and Velotta, R},
title = {Advancements and Applications of Lateral Flow Assays (LFAs): A Comprehensive Review.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {25},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40942842},
issn = {1424-8220},
abstract = {Over a decade ago, WHO introduced the ASSURED (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and Robust, Equipment-free, and Deliverable to end-users) criteria to guide diagnostic assay development. Today, lateral flow assays (LFAs) best meet these standards, evolving from simple rapid tests to advanced diagnostics integrating AI and nanotechnology for precise, quantitative results. Notably, nanoparticle-enhanced LFAs have achieved limits of detection (LOD) as low as 0.01 pg/mL (a 100-fold improvement over conventional methods), while AI algorithms have reduced interpretation errors by 40% in low-contrast conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the societal impact of LFAs, with over 3 billion antigen tests deployed globally, demonstrating 98% specificity in real-world surveillance. Beyond infectious diseases, LFAs are revolutionizing cancer screening through liquid biopsy, achieving a 92% concordance rate with gold-standard assays, food safety and environmental monitoring. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in scalability, reproducibility, sustainable manufacturing, and how to enhance the sensitivities and lower the LOD. However, innovations in biodegradable materials, roll-to-roll printing, CRISPR-integrated multiplexing, and efficient functionalization methods like photochemical immobilization technique offer promising solutions, with projected further cost reductions and scalability. This review highlights the technological evolution, diverse applications, and future trajectories of LFAs, highlighting their critical role in democratizing diagnostics.},
}

@article {pmid40941682,
year = {2025},
author = {Cocuz, IG and Niculescu, R and Popelea, MC and Cocuz, ME and Sabău, AH and Tinca, AC and Cozac-Szoke, AR and Chiorean, DM and Budin, CE and Cotoi, OS},
title = {Current Trends and Future Directions of Digital Pathology and Artificial Intelligence in Dermatopathology: A Scientometric-Based Review.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40941682},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Background: Digital Pathology (DP) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) have strongly developed in recent years, especially in pathology, with a high interest in dermatopathology. Accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, DP and AI are now integrated in pathology, research and education, bringing value to histopathological diagnoses, telepathology and personalized medicine. This narrative review presents a comprehensive literature review by defining three research directions, using scientometric analysis, of the current state of DP and AI in pathology and dermatopathology. Methods: The research was conducted through the Pubmed and Web of Science databases, within the research period of January 2019-July 2025: a two-phase methodology. Four independent pathologists selected the articles in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the synthesis of the articles was based on three research directions. Results: The research shows that CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), AI powered diagnostic platforms and telepathology strongly contribute to increasing the speed and accuracy of diagnostics, especially on cutaneous malignant skin tumors. There are still several challenges and limitations in terms of validation, interoperability, initial high implementation costs, ethics and transparency in AI and equity in healthcare. Conclusions: DP and AI are essential pillars of modern dermatopathology, with a high necessity of standardization, regulation and a multidisciplinary approach.},
}

@article {pmid40941488,
year = {2025},
author = {Compañ-Gabucio, LM and Moreno-Morente, G and Company-Devesa, V and Torres-Collado, L and García-de-la-Hera, M},
title = {Occupational Therapy Interventions in Mental Health During Lockdown: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {17},
pages = {},
pmid = {40941488},
issn = {2227-9032},
abstract = {Lockdown derived from the COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to mental health care, prompting the adaptation of therapeutic practices. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics and objectives of occupational therapy (OT) interventions conducted in the field of mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown. A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, OTSeeker, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. We included randomized or non-randomized intervention studies, published in English or Spanish, that explored OT interventions in mental health during the COVID-19 period and/or lockdown. Data were extracted using pre-designed tables in accordance with the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook. We included seven articles. OT interventions were conducted via video call (n = 4) and in person (n = 3). These were carried out with adults, adolescents, and children, lasting from 1 to 32 weeks, with the number of sessions ranging from 7 to 22 and lasting 20 to 90 min. The most frequently addressed outcomes were quality of life (n = 4), anxiety or depression (n = 4), and sleep (n = 4). During lockdown, OT interventions were mainly applied via telerehabilitation with the aim of increasing activity participation and addressing emotional issues. These results could help occupational therapists to implement mental health interventions when in-person application is compromised.},
}

@article {pmid40935562,
year = {2025},
author = {Wormser, J and Romanet, C and Cachanado, M and Youinou, M and Chatellier, G and Torres Sánchez, I and Philippart, F},
title = {Virtual reality in adults with respiratory diseases experiencing dyspnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMJ open respiratory research},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjresp-2024-002722},
pmid = {40935562},
issn = {2052-4439},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dyspnea/therapy/etiology/physiopathology ; Quality of Life ; *Virtual Reality ; Exercise Tolerance ; Adult ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate virtual reality's effects in dyspnoea's management.

METHODS: Information sources: Trials were identified through a systematic search carried out on MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL until 17 March 2025.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Eligible studies were controlled trials including adults with dyspnoea associated with respiratory diseases, for whom virtual reality was implemented and compared with another intervention. Risk of bias: Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the ROB 2 tool.

SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: The primary outcome was dyspnoea. Secondary outcomes included exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and muscle function. Effect size was expressed using standardised mean difference (SMD) or MD for primary and secondary outcomes, respectively (random-effects model). We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to judge the certainty of evidence.

RESULTS: Included studies: 13 studies were selected, including 483 adults and using non-immersive tools (n=7) or immersive tools (n=6). Risk of bias in these studies was low (n=1), some concerns (n=8) and high risk (n=4).

SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: No difference was found in dyspnoea (8 studies, 224 participants; SMD 0.02, 95% CI -0.82 to 0.86, I[2]=88.2%), exercise capacity (5 studies, 183 participants; MD 3.62, 95% CI -19.39 to 26.63, I[2]=39.8%) and in HRQOL (4 studies, 127 participants; MD -11.81, 95% CI -42.95 to 19.33, I[2]=98.9%). The data available were insufficient to conduct a pooled analysis for muscle function.

CONCLUSIONS: Limitations of evidence: The evidence is very uncertain about virtual reality's effects on dyspnoea due to risk of bias, imprecision and heterogeneity.

INTERPRETATION: Further studies are needed and should explore various aspects of the application of immersive virtual reality.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023443280.},
}

Humans
*Dyspnea/therapy/etiology/physiopathology
Quality of Life
*Virtual Reality
Exercise Tolerance
Adult

@article {pmid40812527,
year = {2025},
author = {Sharma, N and Singh, A and Ratnesh, RK and Adhana, A and Tyagi, L and Singh, J},
title = {Insights of Surface Enhancing Raman Spectroscopy for Biomedical Application.},
journal = {Methods (San Diego, Calif.)},
volume = {243},
number = {},
pages = {16-30},
doi = {10.1016/j.ymeth.2025.08.005},
pmid = {40812527},
issn = {1095-9130},
mesh = {*Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods ; Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis ; Brain Diseases/diagnosis ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Surface Properties ; },
abstract = {Raman spectroscopy is a powerful, non-invasive analytical technique that enables rapid identification of molecules based on their unique spectral fingerprints. Its sensitivity has been significantly enhanced through the use of metal nanoparticles in Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), where molecules adsorbed on rough metallic surfaces or colloids produce Raman signals amplified by several orders of magnitude. This enhancement has opened new possibilities for molecular detection, particularly in surface chemistry and biomedical diagnostics. In clinical applications, timely and accurate diagnosis is critical, yet conventional bioanalytical methods often require multiple biochemical tests, leading to delays that are especially problematic in emergency settings. SERS provides a promising alternative, offering high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid analysis with minimal sample preparation. This review explores the integration of Raman spectroscopy-especially SERS-for both in vivo and ex vivo biomedical diagnostics. It covers sample preparation techniques, spectral data interpretation, and the correlation of Raman signals with disease-specific biomarkers. Special focus is given to the application of Raman-based methods in diagnosing brain disorders, various cancers, drug abuse, and COVID-19. Finally, the article discusses future prospects and challenges to guide the continued advancement of biomedical Raman technologies.},
}

*Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods
Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis
Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
Neoplasms/diagnosis
Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis
Brain Diseases/diagnosis
Biomarkers/analysis
Surface Properties

@article {pmid40939697,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, R and Qiu, Z and Cui, Y and Xiang, Q},
title = {Blocking platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) as a promising anti-thrombotic treatment.},
journal = {Drug discovery today},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104473},
doi = {10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104473},
pmid = {40939697},
issn = {1878-5832},
abstract = {Glycoprotein VI (GPVI), a key platelet receptor, mediates collagen-induced platelet activation and interacts with fibrin to promote thrombus growth. Studies demonstrate the mechanisms of GPVI in thrombosis, showing its inhibition reduces thrombosis without impairing hemostasis, consistent with the mild bleeding phenotype in GPVI-deficient individuals. GPVI is also implicated in inflammation and cancer. This review introduces the mechanism of GPVI in thrombosis and highlights two investigational GPVI-targeting drugs (glenzocimab and Revacept), summarizing current evidence and future directions for this novel anti-thrombotic approach. Therapeutic targeting of glycoprotein VI (GPVI) with inhibitors such as glenzocimab and Revacept. This graphic summarizes the transition from preclinical evidence, which established antithrombotic efficacy without increasing bleeding risk, to ongoing clinical evaluation across several conditions including acute ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, COVID-19, and symptomatic carotid stenosis. The figure is created with BioRender. Teaser: This review highlights the multifaceted roles of GPVI in thrombosis, inflammation, and cancer, while summarizing the latest advances in GPVI-targeted drug development, offering new insights for therapeutic intervention in related diseases.},
}

@article {pmid40939529,
year = {2025},
author = {Saidoune, F and Yatim, A and Di Domizio, J and Gilliet, M},
title = {Skin manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its vaccination.},
journal = {Current opinion in immunology},
volume = {97},
number = {},
pages = {102656},
doi = {10.1016/j.coi.2025.102656},
pmid = {40939529},
issn = {1879-0372},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination are associated with a broad range of skin manifestations, including chilblains, urticaria, morbilliform and papulovesicular rashes, purpuric-necrotic lesions, and autoimmune flares. These patterns reflect differences in the timing and nature of type I interferon (IFN-I) responses. Rapid TLR7-mediated IFN-I production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in the upper airways restricts viral replication; hyperresponsive pDCs protect from severe infection but may cause chilblain-like lesions through exaggerated local inflammation. When early IFN-I responses are weak, viral spread to the lungs triggers endothelial cell death, mitochondrial DNA release, and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation, producing a late IFN-I surge that amplifies inflammation, mirrored by morbilliform, vesicular, or necrotic skin lesions. mRNA and viral vector vaccines can similarly activate nucleic acid sensors, inducing IFN-I-driven rashes, and promote spike-specific T cells that cross-react with skin antigens. Recognizing these cutaneous signs offers insight into the balance between protective and pathogenic immunity in COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid40825607,
year = {2025},
author = {Charles-Rodriguez, U and Ngwezi, DP and Damag, S and Johnson, N and Bharwani, A and Ladha, T and Salami, O},
title = {Uncovering systemic barriers related to equity, diversity and inclusion in child health research: a scoping review addressing marginalised communities.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40825607},
issn = {2059-7908},
mesh = {Humans ; *Child Health ; Child ; Canada ; *Health Equity ; *Cultural Diversity ; Social Determinants of Health ; *Social Marginalization ; Female ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Despite abundant evidence illustrating the impact of social determinants of health on children and youth from marginalised communities, their continued marginalisation in research contributes to a negative feedback loop that perpetuates health inequities. Previous reviews have identified barriers in marginalised adult communities. However, no comprehensive review outlines the scope of barriers to equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in child health research across multiple marginalised communities, particularly as they are defined in Canada.

METHODS: The purpose of this review is to scope and summarise research discussing systemic barriers influencing EDI in child health research, focusing on racialised and black individuals, 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals, Indigenous peoples, women and girls and individuals with disabilities (identified as priority communities in the Canadian government's research policy). Our team followed the steps proposed by Arksey and O'Malley for scoping reviews.

RESULTS: From 3336 identified records, 53 publications met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were based in the USA (n=40) and/or other English-speaking countries (n=14), emphasising the need for global perspectives. Some publications were based in more than one country; others addressed more than one marginalised community. We identified more publications discussing racialised individuals (n=30) and black individuals (n=20) than women and girls (n=10), Indigenous peoples (n=9), children with disabilities (n=7) or 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals (n=4). Publications increased from 3 in 2020 to 15 in 2022, reflecting heightened awareness of structural racism and health inequities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest systemic under-recruitment and tokenism. Other factors in the research ecosystem include misleading conceptualisations of race and other social categories, power dynamics, lack of cultural safety and discrimination. Finally, we recommend applying the socio-ecological model to systematically map barriers and develop tailored, multilevel solutions that promote equity and inclusivity in research.

CONCLUSION: To foster a more equitable and impactful child health research ecosystem, institutions must address individual, interpersonal, organisational and policy-level barriers by embedding community-driven priorities, promoting diverse and inclusive practices, and ensuring long-term, reciprocal relationships with historically marginalised communities.},
}

Humans
*Child Health
Child
Canada
*Health Equity
*Cultural Diversity
Social Determinants of Health
*Social Marginalization
Female

@article {pmid40939094,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Y and Zhang, C and Zhang, Y and Zhang, Z},
title = {The Cerebral Haemorrhage and SARS-CoV-2: An Emerging Virus From a Meta-Analysis Perspective.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {e70069},
pmid = {40939094},
issn = {1099-1654},
abstract = {The central nervous system is a potential target of the COVID-19 virus, and one of the devastating neurological consequences of this infection is cerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Cerebral haemorrhage is a leading cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to systematically review and analyse the existing literature on this topic and provide insights into the potential neurological consequences of COVID-19. A comprehensive search was conducted across the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases to extract relevant published data up to February 2025. This meta-analysis included 11 studies involving a total of 197,060 individuals. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the year of publication, hospital sampling wards, and study design. A critical appraisal was carried out using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) score. Risk was utilised as a measure of pooled effect size based on a random-effects model. In this analysis, we identified 11 articles that directly assessed the risk of cerebral haemorrhage. The reported risk of cerebral haemorrhage was five cases per 10,000 COVID-19 patients [0.005 (95% CI: 0.002-0.009), p < 0.001]. Notably, studies published in 2022 and 2023 indicated a significantly higher risk of cerebral haemorrhage compared to earlier years. COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) faced an increased risk of cerebral haemorrhage compared to those admitted to general wards. Meta-regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the risk of cerebral haemorrhage and the type of wards in a hospital [0.0089 (95% CI: 0.0067-0.0112), p < 0.001], as well as the year of publication [0.0004 (95% CI: 0.0003-0.0008), p = 0.048]. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU in recent years for the potential occurrence of cerebral haemorrhage.},
}

@article {pmid40937306,
year = {2025},
author = {Ucciferri, C and Chiappini, F and Vecchiet, J and Falasca, K},
title = {From Legacy to Innovation: Pidotimod's Expanding Therapeutic Horizon.},
journal = {Mediterranean journal of hematology and infectious diseases},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {e2025057},
pmid = {40937306},
issn = {2035-3006},
abstract = {Pidotimod, a synthetic dipeptide, has been utilized for over three decades as an immunomodulatory agent to prevent recurrent respiratory infections, particularly in immunocompromised populations such as children and the elderly. Originally developed for its ability to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, pidotimod is now being revisited in light of new clinical insights and emerging therapeutic needs. Recent studies have expanded its potential beyond traditional indications, with evidence supporting its role in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), allergic rhinitis, and even viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Pidotimod exerts its effects by stimulating dendritic cells, enhancing toll-like receptor (TLR) expression, and promoting cytokine production, including IL-2 and IFN-γ, thereby supporting both cellular and humoral immunity. This broad-spectrum immune modulation makes pidotimod a promising adjunct in managing immune-mediated diseases and infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals. In this review, we examine pidotimod's pharmacodynamics, summarize clinical evidence from recent studies, and explore its evolving role in modern therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases. Given its safety profile and oral administration, pidotimod holds significant promise not only for preventing infections but also as part of a broader immunomodulatory approach in complex disease management.},
}

@article {pmid40936739,
year = {2025},
author = {Rastogi, S and Gupta, S and Deepak, D and Mishra, BN and Gore, R and Singh, V},
title = {A Systematic Literature Review on Anxiety Among Undergraduate Students: Causes and Coping Strategies.},
journal = {Annals of neurosciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {09727531251366078},
pmid = {40936739},
issn = {0972-7531},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Anxiety is a prevalent mental health concern among undergraduate students, adversely affecting academic performance, social functioning and emotional well-being. Its multifactorial causes and coping strategies, particularly in the context of global disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic, warrant a comprehensive synthesis.

PURPOSE: This systematic review aims to analyse empirical studies on the causes of anxiety and the effectiveness of coping strategies among undergraduate students from 2010 to 2025.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using Scispace.ai, selecting 40 empirical studies published between 2010 and 2025. Keywords used included 'anxiety', 'undergraduate students' and 'coping strategies'. Thematic analysis was performed to categorise findings into major focus areas.

RESULTS: Seven key themes emerged: Prevalence (16%), academic stress (18%), social anxiety (16%), emotional comorbidities (16%), demographic differences (12%), coping mechanisms (14%) and contextual stressors such as COVID-19 (8%). Social judgement, academic pressure and fear of failure were primary causes of anxiety, often co-occurring with depression and emotional dysregulation. Female students and first-year undergraduates were identified as more vulnerable groups. Effective coping strategies included mindfulness practices, yoga, peer support and biofeedback; however, utilisation was limited by stigma and inadequate mental health services. The COVID-19 pandemic further intensified anxiety levels due to social isolation and academic uncertainty.

CONCLUSION: This review underscores the urgent need for inclusive support systems, integration of digital mental health tools and culturally sensitive interventions within educational institutions. Future research should explore longitudinal trends and develop context-specific strategies to improve mental health outcomes among undergraduate students.},
}

@article {pmid40936649,
year = {2025},
author = {Schumann, A and Di Giuliano, M and Schulz, S and de la Cruz, F and Kreuder, T and Seifert, G and Bär, KJ},
title = {Mapping the brain's fatigue network: a transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis on functional correlates of mental fatigue.},
journal = {Brain communications},
volume = {7},
number = {5},
pages = {fcaf315},
pmid = {40936649},
issn = {2632-1297},
abstract = {Mental fatigue is a significant psychopathological symptom that has recently gained attention, particularly in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis and Post-COVID-19 condition. However, fatigue is a clinically relevant symptom across a wide range of mental and neurological disorders. To identify a transdiagnostic functional network associated with fatigue, we conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. The primary inclusion criterion was studies involving any medical condition where patients exhibited significantly higher levels of fatigue compared to healthy controls. A systematic literature review across three major scientific databases identified 46 eligible neuroimaging studies, including a total of 2603 individuals. The meta-analysis of these studies revealed a widespread cortical-subcortical network involving frontal, limbic, basal ganglia and parietal structures. Three main clusters were highlighted: a frontal-striatal-limbic cluster, a frontal-cingulate cluster and a parietal cluster, with regions implicated in cognitive, emotional and somatosensory symptoms associated with mental fatigue. Quality analysis indicated a moderate risk of bias in the majority of the included studies. Overall, our findings provide scientific evidence for a transdiagnostic mental fatigue network in the brain, with key nodes located in the lateral frontal cortex, cingulate cortex, insula, thalamus, precuneus and caudate. These results support the theory of thalamic-striatal-cortical dysfunction, which may impair compensatory mechanisms related to mental fatigue. Additionally, abnormal activation of limbic and parietal regions may contribute to cognitive, emotional and attentional impairments linked to fatigue.},
}

@article {pmid40935100,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, L and Zhao, S and Li, X and Wang, X and Yu, G},
title = {Synergistic effects of microplastics and bioaerosols: emerging trends in urban air pollution complexification and public health implications.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {286},
number = {Pt 1},
pages = {122808},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.122808},
pmid = {40935100},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {Urban air is increasingly contaminated with complex mixtures of microplastics (MPs) and bioaerosols (BAs), whose co-exposure may pose unique health risks. This review highlights the synergistic interaction between MPs and BAs during atmospheric transport and human exposure. We summarized the sources and physicochemical characteristics of airborne MPs (fragments and fibers from urban waste and textiles) and BAs (bacteria, fungi, and viruses from soil, water, and human activity) and their shared dispersion pathways via wind and resuspension. Both pollutants deposit in the respiratory tract upon inhalation. Notably, MPs may function as potential microbial carriers. Laboratory and field data indicate that airborne plastics harbor distinct microbial biofilms (often with antibiotic-resistant bacteria/genes) and may prolong virus survival (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 on plastic surfaces). These MP-microbe aggregates can enhance pathogen persistence and increase host exposure. In lung models, inhaled MPs disrupt epithelial barriers and surfactant layers, inhibit cell proliferation, and trigger inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, IL-1β, and tumor growth factor-beta) and oxidative stress (depleting SOD/CAT and generating reactive oxygen species). Assessing this co-pollution requires advanced methods. Standard spectroscopic tools (micro-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and micro-Raman) and emerging methods such as laser direct infrared imaging enable polymer identification and MP sizing. Similarly, culture-independent high-throughput sequencing techniques (e.g., 16S/18S rRNA gene profiling) elucidate airborne microbial diversity. Novel real-time aerosol counters (e.g., UV-LIF optical sensors) and machine learning analytics are being applied to monitor BA load. Finally, we discussed implications for vulnerable subpopulations (children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic respiratory conditions) who may be more susceptible to combined MP/BA effects. The review proposes future directions, which include developing integrated toxicological models, multi-omics analyses of particle-microbe interactions, and establishing coordinated environmental health surveillance to track this emerging urban pollutant mixture.},
}

@article {pmid40934937,
year = {2025},
author = {Wilhelm, F and Cadamuro, J and Mink, S},
title = {Autoantibodies in long COVID: a systematic review.},
journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(25)00411-6},
pmid = {40934937},
issn = {1474-4457},
abstract = {Post-COVID-19 condition (also known as long COVID) affects a substantial proportion of individuals who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, profoundly affecting their daily lives and work. Diagnosis and prognosis of long COVID are complex and hindered by heterogeneous symptoms and the absence of validated biomarkers. This systematic review synthesises current evidence on the association between autoantibodies and long COVID, with the goal of evaluating their prognostic and diagnostic utility. Studies published in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases between Jan 1, 2020, and June 10, 2025, were considered. Study selection and quality assessment were done independently by two researchers. Of the 1113 publications screened, 44 studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 7571 participants, including 3372 individuals with long COVID. 31 (71%) studies reported an association between autoantibodies and long COVID; however, there was substantial heterogeneity in study design, type and timing of antibody measurements, and long COVID definitions. Several autoantibodies have been associated with long COVID occurrence, symptoms, and severity. Antinuclear antibodies, and autoantibodies targeting G protein-coupled receptors and chemokines, have emerged as potential biomarkers for aiding in the diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of disease severity in long COVID. However, larger studies are needed to confirm the diagnostic and prognostic utility of these autoantibodies in the context of long COVID.},
}

@article {pmid40934489,
year = {2025},
author = {Garcia Gonzalez-Moral, S and Pennock, E and Ewedairo, O and Green, E and Elgey, J and Mkwashi, A},
title = {Horizon Scanning Methods for Health Care Technology Innovation Identification: Rapid Scoping Review of Patent Research Studies.},
journal = {Interactive journal of medical research},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e70323},
pmid = {40934489},
issn = {1929-073X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patents are an early sign of innovation, yet their role in horizon scanning for health care remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the role of, and methods for, patent analysis in advancing health care technology innovation in a sector that is characterized by diverse health care technologies and significant research investment. Patents are critical early indicators of innovation, supporting horizon scanning and weak signal detection. The study aimed to identify intellectual property sources, evaluate methods for patent retrieval and analysis, and outline objectives for using patent data to anticipate trends and inform health care strategies.

METHODS: A rapid scoping review was conducted following Cochrane Rapid Review Methods recommendations and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, with a preregistered protocol on the Open Science Framework. Searches in Embase, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science targeted records published 2020 onward to capture the most recent sources, methods, and tools. Three independent reviewers screened studies using Rayyan (Qatar Computing Research Institute). We included any study type published since 2020 that provided patent sources data, methods, and tools applied to the study of health care technologies. Our data extraction included bibliographic details, study characteristics, and methodological information. Risk of bias assessments were not undertaken. Narrative and tabular methods, supplemented by visual charts, were used to synthesize findings.

RESULTS: Our searches identified 1741 studies, of which 124 were included after title, abstract, and full-text screening, with 54% being original research, 43.5% reviews, and the remainder being conference abstracts (2.5%). Most studies (68%) relied solely on patent databases, while others searched the gray and published literature. Research objectives of the included studies were grouped into 10 themes, with trend analysis (50%) and the provision of recommendations for future research, policy, and strategy development (20%) being the most common. Our review identified up to 47 patent databases, with 27% of studies using multiple sources. Whenever time limits were reported, the mean time horizon for patent searches was 24.6 years, ranging from 1900 to 2019. Automated approaches, used in 33% (n=43) of studies, frequently used tools such as Gephi (Gephi Consortium) for network visualization. Disease mapping based on National Institute for Health and Care Excellence classification indicated that cancer (19%) and respiratory conditions (16%), particularly COVID-19, were key areas.

CONCLUSIONS: Patent data are valuable for identifying technological trends and informing policy and research strategies. While patents provide crucial insights into emerging technologies, inconsistent deduplication practices across studies pose the risk of data inflation, accentuating the need for transparency and rigor. Finally, this review emphasized the importance of data transformation and visualization in detecting emerging trends, with Python and R being the most commonly used programming languages for developing custom tools.},
}

@article {pmid40933738,
year = {2025},
author = {Kemoun, G and Demoule, A},
title = {High-flow nasal oxygen is the reference treatment in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: Con.},
journal = {Journal of intensive medicine},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {230-236},
pmid = {40933738},
issn = {2667-100X},
abstract = {Over the past decade and boosted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) has been increasingly used in the intensive care unit (ICU) to treat acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF). In this review, we show that despite this wide and rapid increase in the use of HFNO to treat AHRF, HFNO does not fulfill all the criteria of a "reference treatment". First, there are some inconsistencies between the studies that provided a positive signal toward the possible benefit of HFNO in AHRF. The two high-quality studies were negative in terms of primary outcome although they provided promising signals in favor of HFNO in terms of secondary outcomes or unplanned secondary analysis. The significance of the only positive study suffers from notable limitations and other trials, conducted in COVID-19 and in immunocompromised patients, are definitely negative and do not even provide promising signals in favor of HFNO. Of note, authors of some of the large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on HFNO have received grants or personal fees from manufacturers of HFNO devices. Second, meta-analyses do not show positive results regarding the efficacy of HFNO on mortality and recent guidelines do not support its use to improve this outcome, although they recommend HFNO use to reduce intubation rate. Third, HFNO is associated with risks that should be accounted for. There are concerns that HFNO may delay intubation, which is in turn associated with higher mortality and prolonged length of stay. In addition, with HFNO, high inspiratory effort may generate high lung strain and overstretch, a phenomenon termed patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI). Fourth, there are concerns regarding access to HFNO in resource-limited settings. Fifth, there are also concerns regarding the deleterious environmental impact of HFNO due to the high volume of consumables and high oxygen flow, which remain to be precisely quantified and balanced with the potential reduction in intubation rate. Considering all these limitations, HFNO is not yet the reference treatment for AHRF.},
}

@article {pmid40931272,
year = {2025},
author = {Iodice, F and Cuffaro, L and Romoli, M and Bianchini, E and Sparaco, M and Arighi, A and Cerami, C and Salemme, S and Reale, G and Orologio, I and Lavorgna, L and Padovani, A},
title = {A comprehensive guide to digital neurology. An update on current development on digital neurology derived from the Digital Neuro Hub project.},
journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40931272},
issn = {1590-3478},
abstract = {The rapid evolution of digital tools in recent years after COVID-19 pandemic has transformed diagnostic and therapeutic practice in neurology. This shift has highlighted the urgent need to integrate digital competencies into the training of future specialists. Key innovations such as telemedicine, artificial intelligence, and wearable health technologies have become central to improving healthcare delivery and accessibility. In response, the Digital Neurology group of the Italian Society of Neurology convened during the Italian Digital Neuro Hub meeting to define the essential digital skills and knowledge areas for tomorrow's neurologists. This paper outlines four primary domains of focus: wearable devices, telemedicine, AI applications, and the ethical implications of digital medicine in neurology.},
}

@article {pmid40930270,
year = {2025},
author = {Walker, TA and Kohler, JZ and Haddad, MM},
title = {Long COVID: Current landscape of neurocognitive sequalae and opportunities to improve care management.},
journal = {Brain, behavior, and immunity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106108},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2025.106108},
pmid = {40930270},
issn = {1090-2139},
}

@article {pmid40488287,
year = {2025},
author = {Hueto Madrid, JA and Hargreaves, J and Buchelt, B},
title = {Putting Patients at Risk: The Effect of Health Care Provider Burnout on Patient Care in the Operating Room-A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Journal of patient safety},
volume = {21},
number = {6},
pages = {424-436},
pmid = {40488287},
issn = {1549-8425},
support = {//Mölnlycke/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Burnout, Professional/epidemiology/psychology ; *Operating Rooms/organization & administration ; *Patient Safety ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; Quality of Health Care ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to explore the prevalence of burnout among health care professionals working in the operating room (OR) and its impact on patient safety and care quality.

METHODS: A focused narrative review was conducted, utilizing PubMed, CINAHL, Semantic Scholar, WorldCat, Cochrane Library, and clinical trials registries. Full-text primary literature published in English between 2018 and 2024 was included. Studies specifically addressing burnout in the OR and its effects on patient safety and care quality were selected. Data extraction included prevalence rates, stress factors, and impacts on patient outcomes.

RESULTS: Burnout was found to be highly prevalent among OR health care professionals, particularly affecting surgeons, anesthesiologists, and OR nurses. Reported prevalence rates ranged from 10% to 83%, with the highest levels occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic. Burnout was linked to critical aspects of health care quality and safety, primarily through communication breakdowns and operational inefficiencies. Impaired communication contributed to safety incidents, while disruptions in OR scheduling and increased turnover times further exacerbated workflow challenges. Although studies directly connecting burnout to patient safety events were limited, burnout was consistently associated with poor decision-making, weakened teamwork, and higher staff turnover-factors that collectively undermine patient outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: Burnout among OR health care professionals poses a significant threat to both staff well-being and patient safety, a challenge that was further intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing burnout requires a multifaceted approach, including enhanced training, workload optimization, and robust support systems. Implementing comprehensive, context-specific interventions can improve staff resilience and patient safety.},
}

Humans
*Burnout, Professional/epidemiology/psychology
*Operating Rooms/organization & administration
*Patient Safety
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Health Personnel/psychology
Quality of Health Care

@article {pmid40930047,
year = {2025},
author = {Sanftenberg, L and Kraeker, L and Walter, F and Tsiligianni, I and Bouloukaki, I and Roos, M and Gensichen, J},
title = {Associations between common mental disorders and vaccination readiness against seasonal influenza and Covid-19 of chronically ill adult patients in primary care - a systematic review.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {64},
number = {},
pages = {127682},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127682},
pmid = {40930047},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronically ill are advised to receive annual vaccinations against Covid-19 and seasonal influenza. Furthermore, chronically ill show an increased prevalence of comorbid common mental disorders (CMDs), like depression, anxiety, and somatoform disorders. With vaccination rates remaining insufficient among these vulnerable patients, prior research assumes an association between CMDs and vaccination readiness. As diagnoses, treatment and vaccination of those patients are performed mainly in general practice, the aim of this review is to describe associations between CMDs and vaccination readiness against seasonal Influenza and Covid-19 in chronically ill adult patients in primary care.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library and ERIC. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clustered RCTs and observational studies were considered. Two authors screened the studies and assessed the risk of bias independently (Cochrane Risk of Bias 2-Tool). We followed the PRISMA guideline. The study protocol was published in PROSPERO (CRD42024621413). The results were synthesized narratively.

RESULTS: Of 9820 identified studies, seven observational studies met the inclusion criteria. Regarding Covid-19, three studies could show, that CMDs might lead to decreased vaccination readiness in adults. Regarding seasonal influenza, no significant association between vaccination readiness and CMDs occurred. In terms of vaccination rates, no significant association between vaccinations against Covid-19 and CMDs could be identified. Two studies identified a significant association between decreasing vaccination rates against seasonal influenza and CMDs.

CONCLUSION: CMDs tend to be associated with decreased vaccination readiness, however vaccination rates were not automatically affected as well. This could indicate a potential intention-behavior gap.},
}

@article {pmid40929471,
year = {2025},
author = {Schultz, MJ and Ball, L and Bernardi, M and Battaglini, D and Buiteman, LA and Ferreira, JC and Abreu, MG and Rosa, S and Hemmes, SN and Huhle, R and Mazzinari, G and Meenen, DMPV and Nasa, P and Serpa Neto, A and Pelosi, P and Paulus, F and Robba, C and Rocco, PRM and Scharffenberg, M and Tschernko, E and Wittenstein, J},
title = {The PROtective VEntilation (PROVE) Network - advancing research and collaboration in mechanical ventilation.},
journal = {Critical care science},
volume = {37},
number = {},
pages = {e20250399},
doi = {10.62675/2965-2774.20250399},
pmid = {40929471},
issn = {2965-2774},
mesh = {Humans ; *Respiration, Artificial/methods ; *COVID-19/therapy ; *Biomedical Research/organization & administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The PROtective VEntilation (PROVE) Network is a globally-recognized collaborative research group dedicated to advancing research, education, and collaboration in the field of mechanical ventilation. Established to address critical questions in intraoperative and intensive care ventilation, the network focuses on improving outcomes for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in diverse settings, including operating rooms, intensive care units, burn units, and resource-limited environments in low- and middle-income countries. The PROVE Network is committed to generating high-quality evidence through a comprehensive portfolio of investigations, including randomized clinical trials, observational research, and meta-analyses. Its work has significantly contributed to understanding optimal ventilation strategies in critically ill patients, such as those with COVID-19, and in exploring innovative approaches like closed-loop ventilation systems. The network has spearheaded pioneering studies that have shaped clinical practice worldwide by integrating expertise from a wide range of disciplines. A defining feature of the PROVE Network is its emphasis on mentorship and collaboration. It fosters a supportive environment where junior researchers are guided by experienced mentors, ensuring the transfer of knowledge and promoting inclusivity. The network prioritizes gender balance and diversity, recognizing the value of varied perspectives in driving meaningful innovation and advancing research excellence. This paper reviews the history, key projects, and leadership of the PROVE Network, highlighting its impactful contributions to the field of mechanical ventilation. By uniting researchers globally, the PROVE Network exemplifies the power of collaboration in addressing complex clinical challenges, including personalized ventilation and the use of Artificial Intelligence, and improving patient care.},
}

Humans
*Respiration, Artificial/methods
*COVID-19/therapy
*Biomedical Research/organization & administration
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40928692,
year = {2025},
author = {Wehbe, R and Khoshman, N and Ousseily, Z and Al-Tameemi, SA and Majzoub, RE and Najar, M and Merimi, M and Fayyad-Kazan, H and Badran, B and Fayyad-Kazan, M},
title = {Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: genomic shifts, immune evasion, and therapeutic perspectives.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {886},
pmid = {40928692},
issn = {1573-4978},
mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/prevention & control/therapy/epidemiology ; *Immune Evasion ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Genome, Viral ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the continuously evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus, has presented persistent global health challenges. As novel variants emerge, many with enhanced transmissibility and immune evasion capabilities, concerns have intensified regarding the efficacy of existing vaccines and therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of COVID-19 vaccination, including the development and performance of monovalent and bivalent boosters, and examines their effectiveness against newly emerging variants of interest (VOIs) and variants under monitoring (VUMs), such as JN.1, KP.2, and XEC. We also explore real-world vaccine effectiveness, antibody neutralization studies, and the latest updates from WHO advisory groups. Beyond vaccines, we discuss evolving treatment approaches, including the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), small-molecule antivirals, and host-targeted therapies. As resistance to antiviral agents and mAbs continues to emerge, combination therapies and next-generation broadly neutralizing antibodies offer promising avenues. This review underscores the importance of ongoing surveillance, rapid vaccine reformulation, and the development of adaptive treatment strategies to mitigate the impact of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and protect vulnerable populations.},
}

Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology/virology/prevention & control/therapy/epidemiology
*Immune Evasion
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology/therapeutic use
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
Antibodies, Viral/immunology
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Genome, Viral
Pandemics

@article {pmid40927666,
year = {2025},
author = {Natsir, RM and Halimah, E and Diantini, A and Levita, J},
title = {Clinical Outcomes and Complications of Basal, Bolus, and Combination Insulin Regimens in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence from Published Case Reports.},
journal = {Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {3215-3236},
pmid = {40927666},
issn = {1178-7007},
abstract = {Insulin therapy remains a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in patients experiencing progressive loss of pancreatic beta-cell function or those with inadequate glycemic control despite oral antidiabetic therapy. This review synthesized clinical outcomes from 44 peer-reviewed case reports published between 2019 and 2024, identified through systematic searches in PubMed and Scopus. The included cases involved 15 males and 29 females, with patient ages ranging from 11 to 91 years (mean 53 ± 20.85 years). Subcutaneous insulin was the most frequently used route of administration, while intravenous insulin was reserved for managing acute complications. The most commonly reported complication was diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), especially in patients with delayed insulin initiation or in those receiving sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, a class of oral glucose-lowering agents, one of whose side effects is known to elevate the risk of euglycemic DKA. Other triggers included COVID-19 infection and severe insulin resistance. Most patients received basal insulin regimens, whereas basal-bolus combinations were preferred in more complex or unstable cases. Insulin was frequently combined with oral agents, such as metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, reflecting a trend toward individualized treatment strategies. Biomarkers such as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were routinely used to monitor glycemic control and systemic inflammation. These findings underscore the clinical importance of early insulin initiation, continuous monitoring, and personalized regimens to improve outcomes in advanced or complicated T2DM. Emerging therapies, such as once-weekly basal insulin formulations, show promise for enhancing adherence and glucose stability, although further research is needed to evaluate their long-term effectiveness and cost-efficiency.},
}

@article {pmid40927373,
year = {2025},
author = {Lv, Y and Zhou, Y and Lu, H and Dong, H and He, Z},
title = {Determinants of piglet gut microbiome colonization: roles of genetics, nutrition, therapeutics, and the impact of enteric pathogens like PEDV.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1626239},
pmid = {40927373},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Animals ; Swine ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Swine Diseases/microbiology/virology/drug therapy/immunology ; *Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/pathogenicity ; *Coronavirus Infections/veterinary/microbiology/virology/drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/immunology ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Diarrhea ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiota of piglets is crucial for intestinal health and immune function, yet highly susceptible to various factors. Multiple factors such as Genetic and Sow Factors, feeding environment, diet and pathogen combine to shape the gut microbiota of piglets. PEDV, a highly pathogenic and transmissible virus, disrupts the gut microbiota by damaging the intestinal epithelial barrier, leading to microbial imbalance, weakened gut immunity, and severe diarrhea. In this review, we systematically investigated the factors affecting microbial colonization in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets and the effects of PEDV infection on intestinal microecology, intestinal epithelial barrier and mucosal immunity. Meanwhile, the unique potential of Chinese herbal medicines compound represented by Qiwen Huangbai San in repairing the barrier, remodeling the flora and enhancing the immunity was discussed in depth. Through the above multidimensional perspectives, this review aims to provide a scientific basis and an effective preventive strategy for the construction of a comprehensive prevention and control program centered on Chinese herbs to alleviate the intestinal damage caused by PEDV in piglets.},
}

Animals
Swine
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Swine Diseases/microbiology/virology/drug therapy/immunology
*Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/pathogenicity
*Coronavirus Infections/veterinary/microbiology/virology/drug therapy
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/immunology
Immunity, Mucosal
Diarrhea

@article {pmid40927068,
year = {2024},
author = {Obasuyi, OC and Obasuyi, VA},
title = {A systematic review on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood immunisation programmes of West African countries.},
journal = {Ghana medical journal},
volume = {58},
number = {2},
pages = {165-177},
pmid = {40927068},
issn = {2616-163X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Immunization Programs/statistics & numerical data ; Africa, Western/epidemiology ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood immunisation programmes in West African Countries.

DESIGN: The study was a systematic review of available evidence of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood immunisation programmes in West Africa.

SETTING: An online literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science for all peer-reviewed longitudinal, descriptive, observational, prospective and retrospective studies on childhood immunisation programmes in West Africa published between January 2020 and May 2022.

PARTICIPANTS: All West African childhood immunisation programmes.

INTERVENTIONS: None.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in immunisation volumes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESULTS: 353 studies were identified during the literature search, and eight were included in this review. The studies comprised six quantitative studies, one mixed-method (quantitative/qualitative) study and one qualitative study. Changes to immunisation services ranged between 53% and 52% for MCV and Penta3 vaccines in Guinea, lasting longer than August 2020, to 0.3% and 1% in Liberia for BCG and MCV vaccines lasting no longer than May 2020. Factors contributing to the observed disruptions in vaccine coverage during the pandemic included the fear of contracting the virus expressed by caregivers and healthcare workers and general misinformation about the COVID-19 virus.

CONCLUSION: While the changes were greater than 50% and lasted longer in some countries, they were brief and short-lived in others, emphasising that the COVID-19 pandemic's effect in each country differed.

FUNDING: This work did not receive any external funding and was entirely self-funded.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Immunization Programs/statistics & numerical data
Africa, Western/epidemiology
Child
SARS-CoV-2
*Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40926917,
year = {2025},
author = {Ibrahim, ME and M Osman, HM and Mubarak Osman, AME and Mofareh Alanazi, NM and Mohamed Ali, BT and Adam Abdallah, II and Hussein Mohamed, MI},
title = {Comparing Telemedicine and In-Person Psychological Interventions for Anxiety: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {e89594},
pmid = {40926917},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Barriers such as stigma and limited access to care continue to impede treatment for anxiety disorders. Telemedicine has emerged as a promising alternative to in-person psychological interventions, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review compares the efficacy of telemedicine and in-person therapies for anxiety disorders, evaluating outcomes, patient engagement, and methodological rigor. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov, with the final search conducted in July 2025. Ten studies comparing telemedicine with in-person interventions were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool for randomized controlled trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for non-randomized studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted due to heterogeneity. Telemedicine demonstrated non-inferior efficacy to in-person therapy across diverse modalities and outperformed self-help programs. Patient satisfaction and adherence were high, with telehealth groups showing longer retention. Small effect size differences favored in-person therapy for generalized anxiety disorder, but most studies reported comparable outcomes. Risk of bias was low for nine out of ten studies. Telemedicine is a viable alternative to in-person therapy for anxiety disorders, with advantages in accessibility and therapist-guided formats. Future research should address long-term outcomes and equity in delivery.},
}

@article {pmid40926412,
year = {2025},
author = {Tregoning, JS and Wang, Z and Sridhar, S and Shattock, RJ and DeRosa, F},
title = {Immunology of RNA-based vaccines: the critical interplay between inflammation and expression.},
journal = {Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.09.011},
pmid = {40926412},
issn = {1525-0024},
abstract = {Since its use during the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA has emerged as a leading candidate vaccine platform for pandemic infections. A critical difference between RNA-encoded antigen and protein vaccines is that RNA-based vaccines require the antigen to be translated in the body, adding an important variable. Much of the research focus in the field has been on ways to increase expression, but inflammation plays a critical role. The vaccine delivered is a combination of the RNA and the formulation, so both elements need to be considered. Formulated RNA can act as a form of adjuvant but can also activate cellular pathways that inhibit expression. Expression and inflammation are interlinked, but independent - a deeper understanding of the quality and quantity of immune induction will help to develop more efficient RNA vaccines. Here we discuss factors that shape responses to RNA-based vaccines. These include the composition of the vaccine (the use of modified RNA bases, whether self-replicating or traditional mRNA, and critically, the formulation) and the type of cells which take up and translate the RNA. We then consider challenges presented by current generation RNA vaccines including clinical impact and how improved immunological understanding can inform the development of improved RNA vaccine platforms.},
}

@article {pmid40925784,
year = {2025},
author = {Baskota, SU and Ahsan, M and Mohamed, S and Schukow, CP and Herman, MK and Nebbache, H and Punjabi, LS and Metcalf, BD and Upreti, D and Cima, L and Poombal, F and Ali Hashim, MM and Jiang, XS},
title = {Social media and cytopathology (#cytopath) education: developing a curated online resource index and exploring the evolution of e-learning.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jasc.2025.08.002},
pmid = {40925784},
issn = {2213-2945},
abstract = {In recent years, social media (SoMe) has revolutionized medical education within the field of pathology; however, its performance in cytopathology has not been explored in detail. This systematic review aims to analyze SoMe trends, hashtag metrics, and online resources within cytopathology over the period of 7 years. A systematic review of 4 databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Scopus) was conducted between January 1st, 2017, and December 22nd, 2022, in order to identify relevant English-language articles about SoMe and cytopathology. An index for online cytopathology (#cytopath) resources was created and posted on Knowledge In Knowledge Out on May 12, 2025. Sixteen studies were included for final analysis, dating from 2017 to 2023. The most commonly cited SoMe platforms used among cytopathologists were X (Twitter) (42%) and Facebook (26%) (P = 0.002). A variety of hashtags were used across posts: #Cytology (24%), #Cytopath (24%), #FNAFriday (24%), #Pathology (16%), and #Cytopathology (12%) (P = 0.865). Two studies discussed the use of SoMe in cytopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting its role as a rapid communication tool in times of crisis. The most highly followed cytopathology accounts on X were @cytopathology (10,510), @IACytology (3639), and @britishcytology (3062). This systematic review shows how SoMe is enhancing networking, case discussion, and education in cytopathology. Although it could revolutionize professional communication, it still poses issues regarding privacy and possible misinformation. Future research and guidelines are necessary to optimize the use of SoMe in cytopathology.},
}

@article {pmid40925391,
year = {2025},
author = {Frei-Stuber, L and Nowak, D},
title = {[Narrative review of clinical findings in patients with Post-COVID-19 and their relevance for occupational medical assessment].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {150},
number = {19},
pages = {1151-1157},
doi = {10.1055/a-2648-3362},
pmid = {40925391},
issn = {1439-4413},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Occupational Diseases/diagnosis ; Germany/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic led to a sharp increase in the recognitions of COVID-19 as an occupational disease in Germany. The patients often report diverse symptoms, whereas causality and objectification remain difficult.A selective literature research in PubMed was carried out, assessment recommendations and guidelines were included, too.Long-term consequences of COVID-19 belong to various medical fields. Direct and indirect objectification are necessary. The latter requires concrete indications for the connection between COVID-19 and symptoms. An individual case assessment is also required regarding the reduction in earning capacity. Official recommendations for assessment were published shortly before this review in June 2025.Objectification is a crucial factor, whereas its implementation is complex. Effects on the degree of damage and the degree of disability should be taken into account.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology
*Occupational Diseases/diagnosis
Germany/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40792498,
year = {2025},
author = {Chilumula, S and Hanchate, P and Patri, SV and Marepally, S},
title = {Influence of structural modifications in synthetic vectors of lipid adjuvants on mRNA vaccine delivery.},
journal = {Biomaterials science},
volume = {13},
number = {18},
pages = {4952-4969},
doi = {10.1039/d5bm00839e},
pmid = {40792498},
issn = {2047-4849},
mesh = {*mRNA Vaccines/administration & dosage ; *Adjuvants, Vaccine/administration & dosage/chemistry ; Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/chemistry ; Animals ; *Liposomes/administration & dosage/chemistry ; *Nanoparticles/administration & dosage/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Lipid adjuvants act as a fundamental element in mRNA vaccine technology by performing as diverse functional parts: augmenting immune responses, assisting genetic payload delivery to target cells, and optimizing antigen presentation. They offer various advantages, such as particle stabilization, targeted delivery, refined endosomal escape mechanisms, and self-adjuvant characteristics that amplify immune activation. The lipid adjuvant structure is crucial for both maximizing delivery accuracy and unlocking tunable immune responses, positioning lipid adjuvants as critical components of next-generation vaccines. Understanding the structural alterations of the lipid adjuvants is necessary for the rational design and synthesis of next-generation novel lipid adjuvants that elicit superior immune responses in mRNA vaccines. To magnify the potency and safety of lipid adjuvants, researchers are investigating the fundamental aspects of designing an innovative lipid that leverages biodegradable linkages. This strategy emphasizes the critical roles of numerous lipids, such as ionizable/cationic lipids, helper lipids, phospholipids, and PEGylated lipids, for enhancing the stability, targeting precision, and immunogenic efficacy of mRNA vaccine delivery. Moreover, it elucidates the structural changes of recently developed cationic/ionizable lipid adjuvants, highlighting how their structure impacts vaccine efficacy, especially linkers. By leveraging these advancements, researchers are exploring the potential for highly effective and targeted mRNA vaccine platforms, paving the way for next-generation immunization strategies.},
}

*mRNA Vaccines/administration & dosage
*Adjuvants, Vaccine/administration & dosage/chemistry
Humans
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/chemistry
Animals
*Liposomes/administration & dosage/chemistry
*Nanoparticles/administration & dosage/chemistry

@article {pmid40925176,
year = {2025},
author = {He, Z and Zhang, J and Kuang, S and Li, S and Wang, Y and Ding, J and Ma, Z and Zhang, B},
title = {Colloidal gold technology in viral diagnostics: Recent innovations, clinical applications, and future perspectives.},
journal = {Virology},
volume = {612},
number = {},
pages = {110686},
doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110686},
pmid = {40925176},
issn = {1096-0341},
abstract = {Colloidal gold technology has revolutionized viral diagnostics through its rapid, cost-effective, and user-friendly applications, particularly in point-of-care testing (POCT). This review synthesizes recent advancements, focusing on its role in detecting respiratory viruses, hepatitis viruses, and emerging pathogens. The technology leverages the unique optical and physicochemical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), including localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and high surface-to-volume ratios, to achieve rapid antigen-antibody recognition with visual readouts within 15 min. Innovations such as CRISPR-Cas-integrated lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs), dual-mode plasmonic biosensors, and nanomaterials like CeO2-colloidal gold composites have enhanced sensitivity and multiplex capability, enabling simultaneous identification of co-circulating pathogens. Case studies highlight its efficacy in dengue serotyping, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody quantification, and HBV/HCV co-detection, demonstrating high clinical specificity. However, challenges persist, including the need for improved sensitivity; interference of sample matrix with immunity; false positives caused by cross-reactions; and limitations of semi-quantitative analysis. Recent progress in hybrid nanomaterial synthesis, surface functionalization, and device-level multiplexing-coupled with AI-driven data interpretation- promises to address these gaps. Future trends emphasize integration with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), microfluidics, and portable sensors to achieve sub-zeptomolar sensitivity and scalable deployment. By bridging nanotechnology with precision diagnostics, colloidal gold platforms are poised to redefine global viral surveillance, particularly in resource-limited settings, underscoring their indispensable role in pandemic preparedness.},
}

@article {pmid40924127,
year = {2025},
author = {McCartney, G and Walsh, D},
title = {Understanding changes to life expectancy and inequalities in the UK, Germany, and other high-income countries.},
journal = {Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40924127},
issn = {1437-1588},
abstract = {The rate of improvement in life expectancy and mortality slowed considerably in a number of high-income countries from the early 2010s, predating the COVID-19 pandemic by almost a decade. Evidence for different countries, including the separate nations of the United Kingdom (e.g. Scotland and England), shows that this overall 'stalling' of improvement has been driven by markedly worsening mortality rates among poorer populations, thereby considerably widening spatial inequalities. Here we synthesise international data and evidence-with a particular focus on the United Kingdom and Germany-to highlight the common causes of these trends, most notably economic 'austerity' policies that were implemented in the aftermath of the 2007/2008 financial crash. These have demonstrably increased rates of poverty, reduced availability of required social services, and left public services more threadbare, all of which has negatively impacted mental and physical health and mortality. We conclude with a discussion of the economic policy responses required to address this multi-nation population health emergency.},
}

@article {pmid40923618,
year = {2025},
author = {Susanna, BN and Marcellus, JM and Randleman, JB},
title = {Acute Accommodative Insufficiency After LASIK Due to COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, N.J. : 1995)},
volume = {41},
number = {9},
pages = {e1027-e1030},
doi = {10.3928/1081597X-20250801-01},
pmid = {40923618},
issn = {1938-2391},
mesh = {Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Accommodation, Ocular/physiology ; Acute Disease ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Hyperopia/surgery ; *Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ/adverse effects ; Lasers, Excimer/therapeutic use ; *Postoperative Complications/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Visual Acuity/physiology ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To report a case of acute and transient accommodative insufficiency after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

METHODS: Case report and literature review.

RESULTS: A 36-year-old man complained of acute blurred near vision 7 days after uneventful bilateral hyperopic LASIK, concurrent with the onset of COVID-19 infection. Examination revealed new-onset accommodative insufficiency, with binocular cross-cylinder test demonstrating an accommodative lag of +1.00 diopters (D) in both eyes. Pupillary and ocular motility findings were normal. The patient was prescribed low add multifocal contact lenses for temporary use. Six months postoperatively, accommodative lag resolved, accommodative function returned to baseline, and near vision returned to J1 uncorrected.

CONCLUSIONS: This report describes acute accommodative insufficiency as a complication of COVID-19, with spontaneous resolution over 6 months. Given the significant impact on refractive surgery outcomes, the authors recommend delaying elective procedures for at least 6 months after COVID-19, especially in patients presenting with unexplained postoperative near vision changes.},
}

Adult
Humans
Male
Accommodation, Ocular/physiology
Acute Disease
*COVID-19/complications
*Hyperopia/surgery
*Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ/adverse effects
Lasers, Excimer/therapeutic use
*Postoperative Complications/virology
*SARS-CoV-2
Visual Acuity/physiology

@article {pmid40922939,
year = {2025},
author = {Politis, M and Chatzichristodoulou, I and Mouchtouri, VA and Rachiotis, G},
title = {COVID-19 vaccination and use of antibiotics in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Infection prevention in practice},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {100461},
pmid = {40922939},
issn = {2590-0889},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vaccinations are considered one of the most effective medical interventions. Among other benefits, certain vaccinations help reduce antimicrobial resistance by decreasing antibiotic use. Considering reports of increased antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aimed to explore the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination status and antibiotic use in COVID-19 patients.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar between January 1, 2021, and November 6, 2024. The included studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. Narrative synthesis and random-effects meta-analysis were employed to synthesize the evidence.

RESULTS: Eight studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis (134,022 participants). COVID-19 vaccination was significantly associated with a 34% reduction in the odds of antibiotic use (OR: 0.662; 95% CI: 0.540-0.811) in COVID-19 patients. These findings were supported by the sensitivity analyses. In the subgroup analysis, a significant negative association was observed between COVID-19 vaccination and antibiotic use among COVID-19 patients across all study designs. A major limitation of this study is that most of the included studies did not adjust for confounders.

CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a significant reduction in antibiotic use among COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 vaccination status may have influenced healthcare providers' decisions regarding antibiotic use in this group. Further large-scale cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.

OTHER: The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023449625). No funding was provided for this study. The APCs were covered by the Karolinska Institute.},
}

@article {pmid40922860,
year = {2025},
author = {Potluri, S and Chittiprol, N and Varaganti, V and Avr, V and Vadakedath, S and Arvapally, D and Vemulapalli, C and Begum, GS and Madamsetti, N and Kandi, V},
title = {The Association of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination With Sudden Death: An Explorative Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {e89527},
pmid = {40922860},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Since its discovery, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become the epicenter of public health concern. This was mainly attributed to the complexity of COVID-19 that resulted in variable disease progression with some developing asymptomatic infections, some suffering mild to moderate infections that resolved without the need for hospitalizations, and a few infected persons developing severe infections that required intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mechanical ventilation. The COVID-19 pandemic spread globally, affecting billions of people and killing millions. Most of the consequences were related to the novelty of the virus, poor understanding of its pathogenesis, and the lack of a specific antiviral drug and vaccine. The vaccines, although manufactured and made available to the public, were approved for emergency use before the completion of human clinical trials. Moreover, the continuous emergence of viruses following mutations resulted in the emergence of viral variants. This has led to doubts over the efficacy of vaccines. Vaccine inequity, represented by the disproportionate availability and distribution of vaccines among the rich and poor, concerns over long-term safety, and hesitancy, affected COVID-19 vaccination, thereby increasing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Although the COVID-19 pandemic is no longer considered a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), the repercussions of the pandemic are still evident in the form of long COVID and post-COVID functional health status (PCFHS), wherein individuals who were previously infected continue to suffer organ dysfunction, primarily affecting the lungs and other organs of the body. During and after the pandemic, COVID-19 and probably vaccination were attributed to the death of many individuals, which were categorized as sudden death (SD) and sudden unnatural death (SUD). It is unclear if these deaths were a result of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and prior COVID-19 vaccination or both. There are several instances of infected and recovered individuals who were healthy but suddenly developed complications and died. Through this explorative review, we aim to comprehend the role that SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 vaccination play in predisposing people to cardiovascular system (CVS) and central nervous system (CNS) disorders that can result in SD and SUD.},
}

@article {pmid40921936,
year = {2025},
author = {Ojomo, O and Atibioke, O and Alesinloye-King, O and Erlandsson, K and Ängeby, K and Envall, N},
title = {A scoping study of postpartum mental health problems and associated factors: opportunities for research and practice.},
journal = {Discover mental health},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {136},
pmid = {40921936},
issn = {2731-4383},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of mental health problems throughout the postpartum period and to describe the screening instruments as well as associated factors related to the relevant population.

METHODS: The scoping study was guided by the framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline was used to report the findings including citation backtracking.

RESULTS: Of the 2828 studies screened, 43 met the inclusion criteria, and three key categories were identified: postpartum mental health problems, screening instruments, and associated factors, including support systems, previous mental and medical conditions, and other associated factors. Sub-categories in the support systems included partner, family, social, and work support, while subcategories in the other associated factors included socioeconomic and sociodemographic, pregnancy and birth, partner violence, mode of delivery, gender preference, COVID-19, and immigration status.

CONCLUSION: A comprehensive approach to postpartum mental health problems is necessary to understand protective factors needed at all levels. It is imperative to offer a spectrum of support services and ensure high availability of care to all relevant subgroups of mothers throughout pregnancy and up to one year postpartum. Inconsistent use of screening instruments at different periods indicates a need for harmonized use in clinical settings to mitigate the risk of women being undiagnosed. Training healthcare professionals in the area of assessment and management of postpartum mental health problems will significantly help in alleviating the challanges women face during this period.},
}

@article {pmid40921682,
year = {2025},
author = {Yin, SY and He, MX},
title = {[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and post COVID-19 condition: the theory of immune pathology].},
journal = {Zhonghua bing li xue za zhi = Chinese journal of pathology},
volume = {54},
number = {9},
pages = {997-1002},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20250227-00137},
pmid = {40921682},
issn = {0529-5807},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/pathology/complications/virology ; *Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/pathology/complications/virology ; *Betacoronavirus/immunology ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology/pathology/virology ; RNA, Viral ; Multiple Organ Failure/immunology/pathology/virology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Macrophages/immunology ; Lymph Nodes/pathology/virology/immunology ; Cytokines/metabolism ; },
}

Humans
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
*Coronavirus Infections/immunology/pathology/complications/virology
*Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/pathology/complications/virology
*Betacoronavirus/immunology
*Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology/pathology/virology
RNA, Viral
Multiple Organ Failure/immunology/pathology/virology
B-Lymphocytes/immunology
T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Macrophages/immunology
Lymph Nodes/pathology/virology/immunology
Cytokines/metabolism

@article {pmid40921133,
year = {2025},
author = {Kole, E and Jadhav, K and Singh, R and Verma, RK and Chatterjee, A and Naik, J},
title = {Next-Generation Nanoparticle-Enabled mRNA Vaccines in the Treatment of COVID-19.},
journal = {Critical reviews in therapeutic drug carrier systems},
volume = {42},
number = {6},
pages = {83-123},
doi = {10.1615/CritRevTherDrugCarrierSyst.2025053265},
pmid = {40921133},
issn = {2162-660X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; *Nanoparticles ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *mRNA Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Animals ; *RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage/immunology ; 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273 ; Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/immunology ; BNT162 Vaccine ; Drug Delivery Systems ; },
abstract = {The emergence of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines as an alternative platform to traditional vaccines has been accompanied by advances in nanobiotechnology, which have improved the stability and delivery of these vaccines through novel nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically, the development of NPs for mRNA delivery has facilitated the loading, protection and release of mRNA in the biological microenvironment, leading to the stimulation of mRNA translation for effective intervention strategies. Intriguingly, two mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna), have been permitted for emergency usage authorization to prevent COVID-19 infection by USFDA. Both mRNA vaccines utilized lipidic NPs (LNPs) as a delivery platform and demonstrated superior efficacy and safety profiles compared to traditional vaccines. This review article gives insight into ongoing pre-clinical and clinical developments of mRNA vaccine candidates, their efficacy against coronavirus variants, and analysis of NP-based approaches to recognize their potential for forthcoming growth. This review article highlights recent advances in delivery strategies, including LNPs, polymeric NPs, and exosomes, for effective immunization against COVID-19. The key challenges associated with mRNA NPs have been identified, and potential strategies to overcome these difficulties have been proposed. Production of nanomaterials for specific mRNA applications can offer new insights into next-generation nanomaterials, revolutionizing mRNA technology.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
*Nanoparticles
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*mRNA Vaccines/administration & dosage
Animals
*RNA, Messenger/administration & dosage/immunology
2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273
Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/immunology
BNT162 Vaccine
Drug Delivery Systems

@article {pmid40920753,
year = {2025},
author = {Kelleher, AB and O'Donovan, M and O'Doherty, D and Lavery, R and Lehane, E and Saab, MM},
title = {The effect of exogenous melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists on intensive care unit and hospital length of stay: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {9},
pages = {e0332031},
pmid = {40920753},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Melatonin/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *Intensive Care Units ; *Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ; *Receptors, Melatonin/agonists ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Delirium/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Melatonin supplements and melatonin receptor agonists are linked to reduced delirium in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) which we hypothesised may affect the length of stay (LOS) in ICU or in hospital. In this review, we identified and critically appraised the literature on the effect of exogenous melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists on the ICU and/or hospital LOS among adults admitted to the ICU.

METHODS: Six electronic databases and three trial registries were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Screening, risk of bias assessment, quality appraisal, and level of evidence assessment were conducted and cross-checked by two reviewers independently. Meta-analyses with disease-specific subgroups were conducted to assess the mean difference in LOS for exogenous melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists compared with a placebo.

RESULTS: Twenty RCTs were reviewed with 14 having a low risk of bias. For ICU LOS (18 studies) there was significant statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 73%); compared with placebo the 95% prediction interval for the mean difference was -3.18 and 1.39 days. For hospital stay (12 studies, I2 = 79%) the 95% prediction interval ranged from -6.68 to 3.52. Removing two statistical outliers, and correcting for publication bias, there was no overall statistically significant difference in mean ICU LOS (p-value = 0.298) or mean hospital LOS (p-value = 0.456). The subgroup analysis found statistically significant improvements for those who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery (ICU LOS -0.47 days, 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.16, p-value = 0.003); and patients with COVID-19 (hospital LOS -3.90 days, 95% CI: -6.28 to -1.51, p-value = 0.001).

CONCLUSION: There was a very low certainty of evidence that melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists were associated with reductions in ICU and hospital LOS in ICU patients overall. However, further research is needed for surgical patients and those with pneumonia.},
}

Humans
*Melatonin/therapeutic use/pharmacology
*Intensive Care Units
*Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
*Receptors, Melatonin/agonists
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Delirium/drug therapy

@article {pmid40920390,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Daizadeh, N and Shen, YL and Chen, J and Rockhold, FW and Pang, H and Lee, H},
title = {Decentralized Clinical Trials in the Era of Real-World Evidence: A Critical Assessment of Recent Experiences.},
journal = {Clinical and translational science},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {e70328},
pmid = {40920390},
issn = {1752-8062},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/methods ; Research Design ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {Since the first decentralized clinical trial (DCT) was conducted in 2011, there has been an increased usage of DCT due to its benefits of patient-centricity and generalizability of findings. This trend was further expedited by the global COVID-19 pandemic. We identified 23 case studies across various therapeutic areas and grouped them into different categories according to their purposes-by necessity, for operational benefits, to address unique research questions, to validate innovative digital endpoints, or to validate decentralization as a clinical research platform. We leveraged the estimand framework from ICH E9(R1) including its five attributes (population, treatment, variable, intercurrent event, and summary measure) to critically assess their design and conduct. Common trends, opportunities, and challenges were reported along with recommendations for future DCT. Of note, intercurrent events and associated handling strategies are largely not present when reporting DCT. This is an area that can impact study conclusions and require more dedicated efforts when designing new DCTs.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
*Clinical Trials as Topic/methods
Research Design
Pandemics

@article {pmid40919620,
year = {2025},
author = {Ruqa, WA and Romeo, M and Cipolloni, G and Rosati, D and Laureti, C and Venarubea, S and Liberati, F and Santirocchi, A and Petrella, C and Cogoni, C and Cestari, V and Barbato, C and Minni, A},
title = {Nasal Cytology and Clinical Rhinology Support a Translational Integrative Neuroscience Perspective.},
journal = {Journal of integrative neuroscience},
volume = {24},
number = {8},
pages = {33392},
doi = {10.31083/JIN33392},
pmid = {40919620},
issn = {0219-6352},
support = {//Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR)/ ; CUP B53D23018450006//European Union-NextGenerationEU-Project Title-Mapping NEUROCOVID via neurobiology and neurovolatilome in Post-COVID-19 patients/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Translational Research, Biomedical ; *Nasal Mucosa/pathology/cytology ; *Neurosciences ; },
abstract = {Nasal cytology is evolving into a promising tool for diagnosing neurological and psychiatric disorders, especially those such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Moreover, recent research has indicated that biomarkers differ greatly between samples taken before and after death. Nasal cytology might help to identify the early stages of cognitive decline. The association of olfactory disturbances with a host of these neurological disorders is remarkable. This means that the nose, something we probably take for granted, could well be the best means of establishing important biomarkers for earlier diagnoses in these conditions. The nose is a source of epithelial and neuroepithelial cells that can be used in in vitro cultured models and nasal cytology provides new avenues for translational, integrative neuroscientific research. The future incorporation of artificial intelligence into cytological analyses would facilitate the acceptance of nasal cytology as a screening platform for neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions, facilitating early diagnosis and better management for patients.},
}

Humans
*Translational Research, Biomedical
*Nasal Mucosa/pathology/cytology
*Neurosciences

@article {pmid40917828,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, L and Cai, Q and Zheng, P},
title = {Medical gases in respiratory diseases: ozone, argon, and nitric oxide as game-changers in therapeutics.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1598798},
pmid = {40917828},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {Respiratory diseases pose a significant global health burden, prompting the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. This narrative review consolidates existing knowledge and critically examines the evolving role of medical gases, ozone, argon, and nitric oxide (NO), in respiratory medicine. Based on recent literature, it highlights how these gases, originally used for their physicochemical properties, have now undergone a "functional crossover," revealing their broad therapeutic potential. Analysis of available evidence indicates Ozone exhibits dual mechanisms: redox balance regulation and antimicrobial effects, demonstrating efficacy in COVID-19 pneumonia and hospital disinfection. Argon, when delivered through cold atmospheric plasma jets (CAPPJ), provides broad-spectrum antibacterial effects and targeted treatment for bronchopleural fistulas. NO, beyond its vasodilatory role, is now a dynamic tool for airway inflammation monitoring and precision asthma management. However, challenges persist, including optimizing therapeutic windows, standardizing treatment protocols, and assessing long-term safety and efficacy. Future directions emphasize precision medicine, incorporating biomarkers, AI-driven diagnostics, and combination therapies to overcome current challenges and unlock the full potential of medical gases in treating respiratory diseases.},
}

@article {pmid40917792,
year = {2025},
author = {Shadid, A and Hok, KD and Domozhirov, AY and Weng-Mills, T and Doursout, MF and Banda, NK and Restrepo, MI and Shivshankar, P},
title = {Enigmatic Roles of Complement Anaphylatoxin Signaling in Health and Disease.},
journal = {Immune network},
volume = {25},
number = {4},
pages = {e32},
pmid = {40917792},
issn = {1598-2629},
abstract = {Complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are potent immunomodulators whose impact extends well beyond their traditional roles in innate immunity. Acting through G protein-coupled receptors C3aR, C5aR1, and C5aR2, these peptides take part in coordinating immune cell recruitment, vascular tone, and tissue remodeling. Yet their functions are deeply context-dependent: while they play essential roles in microbial clearance and immune coordination, their overactivation contributes to immunopathology in a wide range of diseases. The anaphylatoxins play key roles in early pathogen containment but can also drive cytokine storm and tissue damage, as in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and bacterial sepsis. In autoimmune conditions, the anaphylatoxins promote leukocyte infiltration and complement-mediated tissue injury. In chronic diseases, they contribute to fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and anaphylatoxins disrupt neurovascular integrity in neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer, C3a and C5a shape the tumor microenvironment by facilitating immune evasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. As complement-targeted therapies gain momentum in clinical settings-particularly in the treatment of genetic disorders, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, more recently COVID-19, and cancer-a deeper mechanistic understanding of C3a and C5a signaling is imperative as we advance closer toward precision medicine, and this review aims to inform future approaches for therapeutic complement modulation.},
}

@article {pmid40917430,
year = {2025},
author = {Mao, W and Olson, K and Urli Hodges, E and Udayakumar, K},
title = {Progress, impacts and lessons from market shaping in the past decade: a systematic review.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1614471},
pmid = {40917430},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Health Services Accessibility ; COVID-19 Vaccines/supply & distribution/economics ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Market shaping activities have been increasingly used to improve access to health products, such as the advance market commitments used to increase access to the pneumococcal vaccine and COVID-19 vaccines. This paper reviewed the progress and impacts, and identified enablers and barriers of market shaping activities in the past decade. We conducted a systematic review using a structured searching strategy across five academic databases and key actors' websites for gray and white literature published in English since 2012. Two researchers independently performed screening, data extraction, and analysis. Following independent screening, 97 out of 3,006 articles were eligible for analysis. The majority of the articles were qualitative studies and published within the past 5 years. Rapid access to new products, improved availability, and reduced product cost were the most reported impacts. Barriers of market shaping were the disconnection between market shaping interventions and downstream factors, fragmentation and lack of transparency in regulatory processes, and failure to incentivize manufacturers. Enablers included taking end-to-end approaches, coordination across different actors, particularly the national stakeholders and private sector, creating transparent and predictable demand, longer time span, and flexible funding. While market shaping interventions have contributed to the improvement of access to health products, future research should generate additional quantitative evidence, comprehensive impact evaluation, and in-depth studies on the negative impacts of market shaping. Market shaping actors need to adopt definitions and frameworks, apply an ecosystem-wide lens, engage with diverse stakeholders, consider service delivery, and strengthen key capabilities.

PROSPERO: CRD42023471098, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42023471098.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/prevention & control
*Health Services Accessibility
COVID-19 Vaccines/supply & distribution/economics

@article {pmid40917342,
year = {2025},
author = {Basu, S and Simerman, A and Hoffman, A},
title = {How is Engagement Defined Across Health Care Services and Technology Companies? A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {100256},
pmid = {40917342},
issn = {2949-7612},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To systematically examine how digital health startups define and operationalize engagement in the post- coronavirus disease environment (2020-2025).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines adapted for web-based literature, we systematically reviewed publicly available information from digital health startups founded or significantly operating between 2020-2025. We extracted engagement definitions from company websites, white papers, blog posts, and press releases. Definitions were coded by type (explicit, implicit, or nondefinition) and dimensional focus (behavioral, cognitive, affective, and social). Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Cohen's κ (κ=0.82). We conducted this systematic review from April 20, 2025, to May 21, 2025.

RESULTS: We analyzed 64 engagement definitions from 30 digital health startups. Only 18.8% (n=12) were explicit definitions with clear measurement criteria, whereas 45.3% (n=29) were implicit definitions and 35.9% (n=23) were nondefinitions that mentioned engagement without defining it. The behavioral dimension dominated (64.1%, n=41), followed by social (28.1%, n=18), cognitive (21.9%, n=14), and affective dimensions (17.2%, n=11). Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between definition type and dimensional focus (P<.05). Based on our findings, we developed a taxonomy of engagement definitions and a 5-level engagement definition maturity model.

CONCLUSION: Digital health startups predominantly use implicit or undefined engagement concepts with a strong behavioral focus. The proposed taxonomy and maturity model provide frameworks for standardizing engagement definitions across the digital health ecosystem, potentially improving measurement consistency, facilitating more meaningful comparisons between solutions, and establishing a baseline for evaluating effectiveness.},
}

@article {pmid40916093,
year = {2025},
author = {Veltre, D and Joseph, R},
title = {Rapidly Upskilling Nurses During a Pandemic: An Integrative Review.},
journal = {Journal of Christian nursing : a quarterly publication of Nurses Christian Fellowship},
volume = {42},
number = {4},
pages = {206-213},
pmid = {40916093},
issn = {0743-2550},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/nursing/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; *Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology ; *Christianity ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic required healthcare organizations to rapidly upskill workers to care for critically ill patients. An integrative review focused on the upskilling of nurses during the pandemic identified themes of strategies, benefits, and challenges of rapid upskilling. Understanding the effectiveness, satisfaction, and challenges of upskilling efforts during COVID-19 can help healthcare organizations prepare for future emergencies by improving workforce readiness and response strategies. Biblical principles related to upskilling for best quality care are discussed.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/nursing/epidemiology
Pandemics
*Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology
*Christianity
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40850048,
year = {2025},
author = {Genest, G and Liu, Z and Boivin, M and Alvarez, F and Banjar, S and Ton-Leclerc, S and Khoudja, R and Peero, EK and Piccirillo, CA and Mazer, BD},
title = {Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) use in recurrent implantation failure: Is it time for another randomized controlled trial?.},
journal = {Journal of reproductive immunology},
volume = {171},
number = {},
pages = {104634},
doi = {10.1016/j.jri.2025.104634},
pmid = {40850048},
issn = {1872-7603},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/immunology ; Female ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Fertilization in Vitro/methods ; *Embryo Implantation/immunology/drug effects ; Pregnancy ; },
abstract = {Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) affects up to 5 % of patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) yet remains unexplained in over 50 % of cases. Perturbation of the permissive immune environment required for implantation is thought to explain a proportion of RIF cases but remains a diagnosis of exclusion due to the lack of validated testing to confirm the condition. Patients are often empirically treated with immunomodulatory medications, with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) being prominently featured. While some suggest potential benefit, available studies are heterogenous, often underpowered and do not consider recent definitions of RIF; IVIg remains a heavily debated IVF adjunct. With the recent COVID pandemic-induced global blood product shortage, IVIg prescribing practices for RIF must be reviewed. A well designed, adequately powered randomized controlled trial (RCT) is needed to determine if IVIg should be featured in our armamentarium. However, prior to its design, data amassed over the last 3 decades must be incorporated to ensure it yields robust and clinically meaningful data. This narrative review synthesizes our current state of knowledge on the topic, discussing proposed mechanisms of immune-mediated RIF, potential mechanisms of action of IVIg as well as patient populations most likely to benefit from immune-modulation. Lastly, with use and prices of IVIg rising globally, we discuss our collective responsibility towards ensuring IVIg stewardship while proposing timely and cost-effective interventions for our patients.},
}

Humans
*Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/immunology
Female
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Fertilization in Vitro/methods
*Embryo Implantation/immunology/drug effects
Pregnancy

@article {pmid40915970,
year = {2025},
author = {Too, EK and Wachira, P and Njenga, S and Odero, SA and Ndirangu-Mugo, E and Abubakar, A},
title = {Prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder among healthcare workers from sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review.},
journal = {BJPsych open},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {e192},
doi = {10.1192/bjo.2025.10818},
pmid = {40915970},
issn = {2056-4724},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prevalent among healthcare workers (HCWs), including those from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, there are limited summary data on the burden and factors associated with these disorders in this region. We conducted this systematic review (registration no. CRD42022349136) to fill this gap.

AIMS: The aim of this review was to systematically summarise the available evidence on the prevalence and factors associated with depression, anxiety and PTSD, or their symptoms, among HCWs from SSA.

METHOD: We searched African Index Medicus, African Journals Online, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PubMed for articles published, from database inception to 15 February 2024. The keywords used in the search were 'depression/anxiety/PTSD', 'healthcare workers', 'SSA' and their variations.

RESULTS: Sixty-nine studies met our inclusion criteria, most of which (n = 55, 79.7%) focused on the burden of these disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Across studies, wide-ranging prevalence estimates of depressive (2.1-75.7%), anxiety (4.8-96.5%) and PTSD symptoms (11.7-78.3%) were reported. These disorders appear to have been heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several sociodemographic, health-related, COVID-19-related and work-related factors were reported to either increase or lower the risk of these disorders among HCWs from SSA.

CONCLUSIONS: The burden of depression, anxiety and PTSD among HCWs from SSA is high and appears to have been worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. The correlates of these disorders among HCWs from this region are multifactorial. A multi-component intervention could contribute to addressing the burden of mental disorders among HCWs from this region.},
}

@article {pmid40915399,
year = {2025},
author = {Salim, NA and Taylor, J},
title = {Efficacy of Virtual Reality in Managing Pain for Patients in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of pain and symptom management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2025.08.030},
pmid = {40915399},
issn = {1873-6513},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pain management in palliative care, especially among cancer patients, remains a critical challenge that significantly affects patient quality of life. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention that could revolutionize pain management strategies in this vulnerable population. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the effectiveness of VR interventions, focusing exclusively on randomized controlled trials to provide a comprehensive assessment of VR as a therapeutic tool.

METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the JBI methodology for RCTs. We included English-language randomized controlled trials that evaluated virtual reality (VR) for pain management in adult palliative care cancer patients. Due to COVID-19-related publication delays, our search extended beyond the standard five-year scope. Keywords used included "Virtual Reality," "Pain Management," "Palliative Care," and "Cancer Patients," across databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Exclusions covered non-randomized studies and those with methodological flaws. Study selection was conducted using Covidence. Data analysis was performed using STATA V. 17, calculating standardized mean differences (SMDs) for pain measurement scales.

RESULTS: The analysis of ten trials demonstrated VR's capability to significantly reduce pain intensity in palliative care. The pooled effect size showed a moderate to large reduction in pain, with enhanced effectiveness observed in longer VR sessions and with interactive content. Despite variability, the consistent findings support VR's potential as a flexible and adaptable approach to pain management.

CONCLUSIONS: Virtual reality offers a promising alternative for pain management in palliative care, highlighting the necessity for standardized protocols and further research into its long-term effects and economic viability. To gain a deeper understanding of how VR affects patient experiences and outcomes, future research should implement mixed-methods studies that combine quantitative data with qualitative insights. This approach will allow for a more comprehensive evaluation of VR's impact on the quality of life and pain management strategies, ensuring that interventions are tailored to meet the complex needs of palliative care patients STUDY REGISTRATION: The current study registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the registration number [CRD42024512961].},
}

@article {pmid40915301,
year = {2025},
author = {Ribier, V and Hadjadj, J and Jachiet, V and Mekinian, A and Terrier, B and Georgin-Lavialle, S and Grayson, PC and Beck, DB and Savic, S and Dubée, V and Lacombe, V},
title = {Mapping the infectious burden in VEXAS syndrome: a systematic review and rationale for prevention.},
journal = {The Lancet. Rheumatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S2665-9913(25)00225-5},
pmid = {40915301},
issn = {2665-9913},
abstract = {Infections are increasingly recognised as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) syndrome. We conducted a systematic review to characterise the infectious burden of VEXAS syndrome and propose preventive strategies. We included 57 studies (813 patients) showing that infections in patients with VEXAS syndrome were frequent, severe in 40-60% of cases, and fatal in 6-15% of cases. Pulmonary infections were most common, followed by cutaneous infections and bacteraemia. Opportunistic pathogens, such as Pneumocystis jirovecii, Legionella pneumophila, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, and varicella zoster virus, were frequently reported, even in patients not receiving immunosuppressive therapy, which suggests intrinsic immune dysfunction. Prophylaxis with co-trimoxazole (or other Pneumocystis prophylaxis, such as atovaquone or pentamidine) and valaciclovir should particularly be considered for patients at high risk of infection, including those receiving immunosuppressive therapy and those with lymphopenia, pMet41Val mutation, or previous severe or recurrent infections. Posaconazole might be appropriate in patients with neutropenia who are taking azacitidine. Vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae, varicella zoster virus, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 is recommended. These data highlight the need to integrate infectious risk into VEXAS syndrome management and to evaluate preventive strategies in prospective studies.},
}

@article {pmid40915060,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, Y and Feng, M and Zhang, L},
title = {Repurposing disulfiram: An innovative inhibitory approach against a broad spectrum of viruses.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {782},
number = {},
pages = {152596},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152596},
pmid = {40915060},
issn = {1090-2104},
abstract = {Disulfiram (DSF), an FDA-approved therapeutic agent for alcohol dependence, has recently attracted considerable interest due to its broad-spectrum inhibitory effects against various viruses. Increasing evidence suggests that DSF can inhibit viral replication through two major mechanisms: the inhibition of viral protein catalytic activity and the ejection of Zn[2+] from viral proteins. This review comprehensively summarized the molecular mechanisms underlying DSF's antiviral activity against viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hepatitis C virus (HCV), influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV), with a particular focus on its dual targeting of Cys residues and Zn[2+] coordination sites. By synthesizing current findings and emphasizing novel insights, this review aims to provide a foundation for the development of novel antiviral therapeutic strategies and to inspire further research into the repurposing of DSF for combating viral infections.},
}

@article {pmid40914773,
year = {2025},
author = {Rodrigues, OMM and Lopes, IG and de Oliveira, MEF and Fragoso, MAC and de Oliveira, MRF and Silva, RS and de Castro E Caldo Lima, GR and Damazo, AS and Martins, WJ},
title = {The Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) on Delivering Biological Samples for COVID-19 and Tuberculosis Diagnosis: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40914773},
issn = {2168-4804},
support = {Convenio 04/2020 - FAP//Fiocruz Brasilia/ ; Convenio 04/2020 - FAP//Fiocruz Brasilia/ ; Convenio 04/2020 - FAP//Fiocruz Brasilia/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To identify and review scientific evidence from experimental studies utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to transport samples for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB). This exploratory study aims to support the future development of UAVs for transporting biological samples within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS).

METHODS: This scoping review defined its eligibility criteria using the PECO acronym, focusing on: Population: biological samples for diagnosing COVID-19 or TB; Exposure: UAV transportation; Comparator: land transportation; Outcomes: Cost, effectiveness, methods for sample preservation, flight parameters (time, altitude, speed, distance), and quality of transported samples. Eligible studies were identified through searches in Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. Grey literature was explored via Google Scholar.

RESULTS: Of the 2,052 articles initially found, 797 were duplicates, 1,247 were screened by title and abstract and excluded, eight were retrieved (and fully read) of which five met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. These studies provided diverse evidence regarding cost, operational performance, safety, and sample integrity.

CONCLUSION: The reviewed studies demonstrate promising applications of UAVs in healthcare logistics. However, regulatory and legal frameworks require adaptation to ensure operational safety. Further experimental studies are necessary, particularly involving beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations, to evaluate scalability and potential cost reductions.},
}

@article {pmid40914746,
year = {2025},
author = {López-Labrador, FX and Blasco, A and Villamayor, LM and Gaume, G and Ros-Lis, JV},
title = {Use of Electrolysed Water as Disinfection Technology in Front of Various Microorganisms and SARS-COV-2.},
journal = {Food and environmental virology},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {49},
pmid = {40914746},
issn = {1867-0342},
mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Disinfection/methods ; *Disinfectants/pharmacology/chemistry ; COVID-19/prevention & control/virology ; Electrolysis ; *Water/chemistry/pharmacology ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Fungi/drug effects ; Virus Inactivation/drug effects ; },
abstract = {The global emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted the urgent need for effective disinfection strategies to mitigate virus transmission. Electrolyzed water (EW), an eco-friendly and cost-effective biocidal agent, has garnered attention for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This study evaluates the virucidal, bactericidal, and fungicidal capacities of EW with diverse pH, with a focus on its effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens. EW was generated under controlled conditions with adjustable pH (4.5 and 6.1) and free available chlorine (FAC) concentrations (300-1000 ppm). The biocidal activity was tested on surfaces and in solution following standardized protocols. Results demonstrated that oxidized EW at optimized concentrations achieved a ≥ 4 log reduction in bacterial populations and effectively inactivated enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, but this effect depends on FAC, pH, and contact time. Notably, EW reduced SARS-CoV-2 by > 4 log in solution and surfaces, in only 2 and 5 min, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of EW as a sustainable, multi-application disinfectant to combat emerging pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, ensuring public health safety.},
}

*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
*Disinfection/methods
*Disinfectants/pharmacology/chemistry
COVID-19/prevention & control/virology
Electrolysis
*Water/chemistry/pharmacology
Bacteria/drug effects
Humans
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Fungi/drug effects
Virus Inactivation/drug effects

@article {pmid40913819,
year = {2025},
author = {Mues, KE and Zhou, CK and Gerber, JE and van Hunsel, F and Klein, NP and Izurieta, HS and Chen, RT},
title = {A review of methodologic & data considerations for vaccine safety surveillance in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {64},
number = {},
pages = {127691},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127691},
pmid = {40913819},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {Vaccine safety surveillance systems are vital for the post-market safety monitoring of novel and well-established vaccines, given the sample size, representativeness and follow-up time in clinical trials. The introduction of COVID-19 vaccines during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges for safety surveillance. Here, we discuss methodologic considerations for epidemiologic study design and real world data for passive and active surveillance systems for COVID-19 vaccines in the United States (U.S.) and Europe, including standardized case definitions, quality of clinical reports, validity of coding algorithms, risk window misclassification, sample size considerations to detect safety signals within subgroups, time to signal identification, counterfactual including comparator selection, and confounding control in the context of a global pandemic. Throughout, we discuss techniques that may be applicable in vaccine surveillance activities, particularly those that occur within a global pandemic with rapid development and implementation of new vaccines to large portions of the population.},
}

@article {pmid40912879,
year = {2025},
author = {Bolognesi, T and Schiavina, M and Felli, IC and Pierattelli, R},
title = {NMR insights on multidomain proteins: the case of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein.},
journal = {Progress in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy},
volume = {148-149},
number = {},
pages = {101577},
doi = {10.1016/j.pnmrs.2025.101577},
pmid = {40912879},
issn = {1873-3301},
mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/chemistry ; *Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular/methods ; *Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry ; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/chemistry ; Protein Domains ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; *Phosphoproteins/chemistry ; COVID-19/virology ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; },
abstract = {Studying multidomain proteins, especially those combining well-folded domains with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), requires specific Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques to address their structural complexity. To illustrate this, we focus here on the nucleocapsid protein from SARS-CoV-2, which includes both structured and disordered regions. We applied a suite of NMR methods, combining ARTINA software for automatic assignment and structure modelling with multi-receiver experiments that simultaneously capture signals from different nuclear spins, increasing both data quality and acquisition efficiency. Studies of signal temperature-dependence, heteronuclear relaxation and secondary structure propensity (SSP) analysis, as well as experiments employing either [1]H or [13]C detection to achieve simultaneous snapshots of globular and disordered regions, were used to analyse both the isolated N-terminal domain (NTD) and a construct (NTR) comprising the NTD and two flanking highly disordered regions (IDR1, IDR2). This comprehensive approach allowed us to characterize the NTD's structure and to evaluate how the IDRs affect the overall conformation and dynamics, as well as the interaction with RNA. The findings underscore the importance of applying such a combination of tailored NMR techniques for effectively studying multidomain proteins with heterogeneous structural and dynamic properties.},
}

*SARS-CoV-2/chemistry
*Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular/methods
*Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins/chemistry
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/chemistry
Protein Domains
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods
*Phosphoproteins/chemistry
COVID-19/virology
Protein Structure, Secondary

@article {pmid40910660,
year = {2025},
author = {Medioli, F and Franceschini, E and Mussini, C and Meschiari, M},
title = {Update on infection prevention in the ICU.},
journal = {Current opinion in critical care},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {529-538},
doi = {10.1097/MCC.0000000000001313},
pmid = {40910660},
issn = {1531-7072},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cross Infection/prevention & control ; *Intensive Care Units/organization & administration ; *Infection Control/methods/organization & administration ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Hand Hygiene ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a critical challenge in intensive care units (ICUs) due to the high prevalence of invasive procedures, vulnerable patient populations, and the increasing threat of antimicrobial-resistant organisms (MDROs). This review synthesizes current evidence on infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies in the ICU setting, highlighting recent findings and innovations in this evolving field, particularly in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

RECENT FINDINGS: The review outlines ten key IPC strategies for ICUs, categorizing them into horizontal (universal) and vertical (pathogen-specific) approaches. Recent literature emphasizes the importance of enhanced hand hygiene compliance through motivational interventions and feedback. The role of selective decontamination strategies remains debated, with evidence suggesting potential benefits in specific patient subgroups. Vertical strategies, including active screening for MDROs and per-pathogen bundles, are increasingly being tailored based on local epidemiology and pathogen characteristics. Studies suggest that de-escalating routine contact precautions for certain MDROs like Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus may be safe in settings with robust horizontal measures. Conversely, intensified "search and destroy" strategies show promise in controlling carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outbreaks.

SUMMARY: Effective IPC in the ICU requires a multifaceted and adaptable approach, integrating both universal precautions and targeted interventions against specific pathogens. While consistent implementation of horizontal strategies like hand hygiene is foundational, tailoring vertical strategies based on local MDRO epidemiology and patient risk profiles is crucial. Future research should focus on harmonizing IPC policies, optimizing screening methods, and evaluating the long-term impact of combined IPC and antimicrobial stewardship programs to improve patient outcomes and mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance in critical care settings.},
}

Humans
*Cross Infection/prevention & control
*Intensive Care Units/organization & administration
*Infection Control/methods/organization & administration
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Hand Hygiene
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40910388,
year = {2025},
author = {Elmgreen, SB and Nielsen, NK and Faurbye, JJ},
title = {[Force health protection as a strategic resource for military and civilian resilience].},
journal = {Ugeskrift for laeger},
volume = {187},
number = {35},
pages = {},
doi = {10.61409/V03250150},
pmid = {40910388},
issn = {1603-6824},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Military Personnel ; *Military Health ; Military Medicine ; Risk Assessment ; },
abstract = {Force health protection (FHP) is a core component of NATO's health doctrine, aimed at safeguarding military personnel through prevention, risk assessment, and health surveillance. This review explores how FHP principles can enhance national health resilience by integrating military and civilian capacities, including in chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear response and tactical emergency care. International experiences and COVID-19 demonstrate the strategic value of such civil-military cooperation.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/prevention & control
*Military Personnel
*Military Health
Military Medicine
Risk Assessment

@article {pmid40772640,
year = {2025},
author = {Devigili, G and Marchi, M and Lauria, G},
title = {Small fiber neuropathy: expanding diagnosis with unsettled etiology.},
journal = {Current opinion in neurology},
volume = {38},
number = {5},
pages = {485-495},
pmid = {40772640},
issn = {1473-6551},
mesh = {Humans ; *Small Fiber Neuropathy/diagnosis/etiology/genetics/physiopathology ; COVID-19/complications ; Neuralgia/etiology/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Small fiber neuropathies (SFN) are a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting the thinly myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C-fibers. The clinical picture is dominated by neuropathic pain, often accompanied by autonomic symptoms of variable severity. The underlying causes encompass metabolic conditions like diabetes mellitus, immuno-mediated disorders, infection, exposure to toxins, and gain-of-function variants in the genes encoding the Nav1.7, Nav1.8, and Nav1.9 sodium channel subunits, though the list of associated diseases continues to grow. Recently, increased attention has focused on immune-mediated forms, which led to the identification of potentially treatable subgroups. These discoveries have advanced our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies have broadened the spectrum of underlying conditions associated with SFN, including immune-mediated forms and links to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines. Studies on genetic variants linked to unique clinical presentations have also yielded new insights. Furthermore, emerging perspectives highlighted disorders involving small fiber pathology that lacks typical clinical features of neuropathic pain, challenging traditional diagnostic criteria.

SUMMARY: Deepening our understanding of the causes underlying SFN advances the identification of potential therapeutic targets. The clinical presentation of SFN can vary significantly and may not consistently correlate with specific underlying conditions. Therefore, a systematic investigation of possible causes through a structured diagnostic assessment is critical to unveil additional contributing factors.},
}

Humans
*Small Fiber Neuropathy/diagnosis/etiology/genetics/physiopathology
COVID-19/complications
Neuralgia/etiology/diagnosis