@article {pmid39372488,
year = {2024},
author = {Alrimawi, I and Bettini, E and Taylor, C and Saifan, AR and Al-Yateem, N},
title = {Insights Into Child Abuse and Neglect in the Washington DC, Maryland, and Virginia (DMV) Area: Evidence and Opportunities.},
journal = {Global pediatric health},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {2333794X241284029},
doi = {10.1177/2333794X241284029},
pmid = {39372488},
issn = {2333-794X},
abstract = {Child abuse and neglect (CAN) significantly impact health, the economy, and society. This narrative review examines CAN in the Washington DC, Maryland, and Virginia (DMV) region, comparing it with national and international levels. The review highlights high CAN rates in the DMV, driven by factors such as socioeconomic status, parental substance abuse, and child vulnerabilities. Screening and reporting challenges, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, impede accurate data collection. This review emphasizes the need for standardized reporting mechanisms, economic investment in public health, and intersectoral collaboration. It recommends targeted support for at-risk families, specialized care for vulnerable children, and the development of predictive screening tools. Continuous research on regional and cultural factors and the pandemic's impact is crucial for future resilience. Addressing CAN requires a comprehensive approach involving prevention, early detection, intervention, and policy reform to safeguard the well-being of children.},
}

@article {pmid39371774,
year = {2024},
author = {Bulata-Pop, I and Simionescu, B and Bulata, B and Junie, LM},
title = {Epidemiology and Diagnostic Accuracy of Respiratory Pathogens in Pediatric Populations: Insights From Global Studies.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e68652},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.68652},
pmid = {39371774},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the most common cause for going to the doctor's at pediatric age. Respiratory infections are still of interest because they are widespread, significantly impact public health by potentially leading to pandemics, drive antimicrobial resistance through antibiotic misuse, more often spread globally due to traveling, and benefit from ongoing advancements in diagnostics and research for better management. This paper's main aim was to offer a systematic review of the literature published over the last 10 years on the etiology of LRTIs. The search strategy was based on reviewing original articles, systematic reviews, position papers, and guidelines published in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. The review was previously registered with PROSPERO. The final review included 27 articles that met the eligibility criteria (studies identifying the etiology of inferior respiratory infections in children, according to the WHO definition, published in the last 10 years). Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel Version 2406 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, USA) and SPSS Statistics V.23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA). The total number of patients was 2,193,978. Eight articles focused on children younger than five years, and two included children under the age of two. The results revealed that Mycoplasma pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are significant respiratory pathogens with seasonal peaks and age-specific prevalence and that nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) are more reliable than throat swabs for confirming infections due to their higher positive predictive value (PPV). The impact of COVID-19 interventions led to reduced infections from RSV, adenovirus, and influenza viruses, but an increase in rhinovirus post-reopening, with high co-infection rates. Co-infections are common, particularly with pathogens like human bocavirus (HBoV) and RSV, underscoring the need for comprehensive diagnostic approaches. The impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced the prevalence of many respiratory pathogens, except for rhinovirus, which increased post-reopening. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for managing respiratory infections, especially in pediatric populations.},
}

@article {pmid39371316,
year = {2024},
author = {Raturi, A and Chandran, S},
title = {Neonatal Sepsis: Aetiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Advances and Management Strategies.},
journal = {Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {11795565241281337},
doi = {10.1177/11795565241281337},
pmid = {39371316},
issn = {1179-5565},
abstract = {Neonatal sepsis, a bloodstream infection in the first 28 days of life, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among infants in both developing and developed countries. Additionally, sepsis is distinguished in neonates by unique pathophysiological and presentational factors relating to its development in immature neonatal immune systems. This review focuses on the current understanding of the mechanics and implications of neonatal sepsis, providing a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, major risk factors, signs and symptoms and recent consensus on the diagnosis and management of both early-onset and late-onset neonatal sepsis. It also includes a discussion on novel biomarkers and upcoming treatment strategies for the condition as well as the potential of COVID-19 infection to progress to sepsis in infants.},
}

@article {pmid39371281,
year = {2024},
author = {Marinho, PS and Alves, LVV and Carvalho, TGB and Faria, MGA},
title = {Protective strategies against occupational stress among health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Revista brasileira de medicina do trabalho : publicacao oficial da Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho-ANAMT},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {e20221016},
doi = {10.47626/1679-4435-2022-1016},
pmid = {39371281},
issn = {1679-4435},
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate which protective strategies against occupational stress were developed for health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was an integrative literature review conducted in 2021. The Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences databases were searched using the Boolean operator AND and the controlled vocabularies "health professionals" AND "occupational stress" AND "COVID-19", both in English and Portuguese. After applying the inclusion criteria and reading the selected articles, a final sample of 24 articles was obtained. Protective strategies against occupational stress developed by institutions included psychological support, support from managers and team leaders, provision of personal protective equipment, appropriate schedules and workload, and training. As for the strategies developed by health professionals themselves, these included resilience, peer support, and self-care. Several protective strategies during the pandemic were observed, but institutions still need to develop and/or improve practices to offer better psychological conditions to health professionals in general.},
}

@article {pmid39371262,
year = {2024},
author = {Latarissa, IR and Rendrayani, F and Iftinan, GN and Suhandi, C and Meiliana, A and Sormin, IP and Barliana, MI and Lestari, K},
title = {The Efficacy of Oral/Intravenous Corticosteroid Use in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of experimental pharmacology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {321-337},
doi = {10.2147/JEP.S484596},
pmid = {39371262},
issn = {1179-1454},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is prompting extensive investigation into potential treatments, including the use of corticosteroids to manage inflammation and mitigate severe disease outcomes. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral/intravenous corticosteroids in the management of COVID-19. A comprehensive search was conducted across major scientific databases such as MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane for relevant studies published from 2019-2024. The inclusion criteria included studies investigating the use of oral/intravenous corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients >18 years with a randomized placebo-controlled trial method. Non-placebo-controlled studies, studies using combined treatments with other drugs, as well as protocol articles, conference proceedings, review articles, and non-English studies were excluded. A narrative synthesis approach was adopted given the significant methodological diversity. The results showed that a total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria covering the use of three drugs, including dexamethasone (three), hydrocortisone (two), and methylprednisolone (seven). The outcome parameters used for each study were different. Among the total 12 studies, five showed insignificant results for hydrocortisone (two) and methylprednisolone (three), while others reported significant results. This systematic review suggested that oral/intravenous corticosteroids might confer clinical benefits in the management of COVID-19, particularly in reducing mortality and severe disease outcomes. However, further investigation was needed to establish standardized protocols regarding dosage, duration, and safety considerations to optimize efficacy and minimize potential adverse effects.},
}

@article {pmid39370682,
year = {2024},
author = {Shaw Stewart, PD},
title = {Will COVID-19 become mild, like a cold?.},
journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
volume = {152},
number = {},
pages = {e120},
doi = {10.1017/S0950268824001110},
pmid = {39370682},
issn = {1469-4409},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; },
abstract = {Several recent studies conclude that an increase in the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be ruled out. However, it should be noted that SARS-CoV-2 is a 'direct' respiratory virus - meaning it is usually spread by the respiratory route but does not routinely pass through the lymphatics like measles and smallpox. Providing its tropism does not change, it will be unique if its pathogenicity does not decrease until it becomes similar to common cold viruses. Ewald noted in the 1980s that respiratory viruses may evolve mildness because their spread benefits from the mobility of their hosts. This review examines factors that usually lower respiratory viruses' severity, including heat sensitivity (which limits replication in the warmer lungs) and changes to the virus's surface proteins. Other factors may, however, increase pathogenicity, such as replication in the lymphatic system and spreading via solid surfaces or faecal matter. Furthermore, human activities and political events could increase the harmfulness of SARS-CoV-2, including the following: large-scale testing, especially when the results are delayed; transmission in settings where people are close together and not free to move around; poor hygiene facilities; and social, political, or cultural influences that encourage sick individuals to remain active, including crises such as wars. If we can avoid these eventualities, SARS-CoV-2 is likely to evolve to be milder, although the timescale is uncertain. Observations of influenza-like pandemics suggest it may take around two decades for COVID-19 to become as mild as seasonal colds.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/transmission/epidemiology
*SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity

@article {pmid39370368,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, TC and Lai, EH and Lo, FY and Wang, LJ and Lin, W},
title = {Challenges and resilience of Taiwan's oral health care system after Covid-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jfma.2024.09.039},
pmid = {39370368},
issn = {0929-6646},
abstract = {This paper examines the resilience of Taiwan's oral healthcare system in response to COVID-19, focusing on pre-pandemic conditions, pandemic impacts, and policy recommendations for future resilience. In Taiwan, oral diseases were prevalent, with 80.48% of adults affected by periodontitis in 2016, and 65.43% of 5-year-old children experiencing dental caries. Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) covers over 99% of the population, providing comprehensive dental care. The global budget (GB) payment system, implemented in 1998, ensured financial stability. During the pandemic, dental visits in Taiwan decreased by 5.1% in 2021 compared to 2019. Despite reduced visits, the GB system maintained financial stability, mitigating financial impacts on healthcare institutions. The pandemic generally negatively affected healthcare workers' well-being, increasing resignation intentions. However, the number of practicing dentists in Taiwan remained stable from 2016 to 2022, with slight increases. Urban-rural disparities persisted, and workplace transitions increased, indicating greater mobility among dental professionals. To enhance resilience, the following recommendations are proposed: 1. Strengthen hierarchy of oral healthcare system: Balance dental resources across regions, and improve referrals between hospital and clinics; 2. Provide integrated patient-centered care: Integrate oral health into disease prevention and offer comprehensive services across all stages of life; 3. Integrate digital technology: Promote teledentistry and leverage Taiwan's strengths in information and communication technology (ICT).},
}

@article {pmid39367276,
year = {2024},
author = {Pardi, N and Krammer, F},
title = {mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases - advances, challenges and opportunities.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Drug discovery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39367276},
issn = {1474-1784},
abstract = {The concept of mRNA-based vaccines emerged more than three decades ago. Groundbreaking discoveries and technological advancements over the past 20 years have resolved the major roadblocks that initially delayed application of this new vaccine modality. The rapid development of nucleoside-modified COVID-19 mRNA vaccines demonstrated that this immunization platform is easy to develop, has an acceptable safety profile and can be produced at a large scale. The flexibility and ease of antigen design have enabled mRNA vaccines to enter development for a wide range of viruses as well as for various bacteria and parasites. However, gaps in our knowledge limit the development of next-generation mRNA vaccines with increased potency and safety. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of action of mRNA vaccines, application of novel technologies enabling rational antigen design, and innovative vaccine delivery strategies and vaccination regimens will likely yield potent novel vaccines against a wide range of pathogens.},
}

@article {pmid39366356,
year = {2024},
author = {Castello, A and Álvarez, L and Kamel, W and Iselin, L and Hennig, J},
title = {Exploring the expanding universe of host-virus interactions mediated by viral RNA.},
journal = {Molecular cell},
volume = {84},
number = {19},
pages = {3706-3721},
doi = {10.1016/j.molcel.2024.08.027},
pmid = {39366356},
issn = {1097-4164},
mesh = {*RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; *RNA Viruses/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Virus Replication ; Host Microbial Interactions/genetics ; },
abstract = {RNA is a central molecule in RNA virus biology; however, the interactions that it establishes with the host cell are only starting to be elucidated. In recent years, a methodology revolution has dramatically expanded the scope of host-virus interactions involving the viral RNA (vRNA). A second wave of method development has enabled the precise study of these protein-vRNA interactions in a life cycle stage-dependent manner, as well as providing insights into the interactome of specific vRNA species. This review discusses these technical advances and describes the new regulatory mechanisms that have been identified through their use. Among these, we discuss the importance of vRNA in regulating protein function through a process known as riboregulation. We envision that the elucidation of vRNA interactomes will open new avenues of research, including pathways to the discovery of host factors with therapeutic potential against viruses.},
}

*RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism
Humans
*Host-Pathogen Interactions
*RNA Viruses/genetics/physiology
Animals
Virus Replication
Host Microbial Interactions/genetics

@article {pmid39365745,
year = {2024},
author = {Volovik, MV and Batishchev, OV},
title = {Viral fingerprints of the ion channel evolution: compromise of complexity and function.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-20},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2024.2411523},
pmid = {39365745},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {Evolution from precellular supramolecular assemblies to cellular world originated from the ability to make a barrier between the interior of the cell and the outer environment. This step resulted from the possibility to form a membrane, which preserves the cell like a wall of the castle. However, every castle needs gates for trading, i.e. in the case of cell, for controlled exchange of substances. These 'gates' should have the mechanism of opening and closing, guards, entry rules, and so on. Different structures are known to be able to make membrane permeable to various substances, from ions to macromolecules. They are amphipathic peptides, their assemblies, sophisticated membrane channels with numerous transmembrane domains, etc. Upon evolving, cellular world preserved and selected many variants, which, finally, have provided both prokaryotes and eukaryotes with highly selective and regulated ion channels. However, various simpler variants of ion channels are found in viruses. Despite the origin of viruses is still under debates, they have evolved parallelly with the cellular forms of life. Being initial form of the enveloped organisms, reduction of protocells or their escaped parts, viruses might be fingerprints of the evolutionary steps of cellular structures like ion channels. Therefore, viroporins may provide us a necessary information about selection between high functionality and less complex structure in supporting all the requirements for controlled membrane permeability. In this review we tried to elucidate these compromises and show the possible way of the evolution of ion channels, from peptides to complex multi-subunit structures, basing on viral examples.},
}

@article {pmid39365687,
year = {2024},
author = {Hang, W and Qiyuan, Y and Yinjun, M and Haibo, D and Pinfang, H and Zhikun, Z},
title = {The efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine at different doses and courses for COVID-19 prevention: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.},
journal = {Expert review of anti-infective therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14787210.2024.2413419},
pmid = {39365687},
issn = {1744-8336},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The optimal strategy for using hydroxychloroquine to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients, either before or after exposure, remains unclear. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of different doses and treatment durations of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 prevention.

METHOD: Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Medline, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different doses of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 prevention, from their inception to February 2024. Traditional meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4, and network meta-analysis was conducted with Stata 17/SE. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024559057).

RESULTS: A total of 20 RCTs involving 12,372 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed no significant difference between the hydroxychloroquine and control groups in reducing the incidence of syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positivity (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = [0.67, 1.03], p = 0.10). However, the subgroup receiving a daily dose of 200-400 mg (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = [0.51, 0.75], p < 0.00001) and a treatment duration of 5-8 weeks (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = [0.31, 0.88], p < 0.01) showed statistically significant reductions in SARS-CoV-2 positivity. The total adverse event rate was significantly higher in the hydroxychloroquine group than in the control group (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = [1.27, 2.17], p < 0.0002). According to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA), the most effective intervention was a 200-400 mg dose for 5-8 weeks. Among the 11 interventions ranked by adverse event rate, the highest incidence was associated with a dose of 400-800 mg for >8 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS: A hydroxychloroquine dose of 200-400 mg for a duration of 5-8 weeks may moderately reduce the risk of COVID-19 with a relatively low risk of adverse events.},
}

@article {pmid39364620,
year = {2024},
author = {Domnich, A and Massaro, E and Icardi, G and Orsi, A},
title = {Multiplex molecular assays for the laboratory-based and point-of-care diagnosis of infections caused by seasonal influenza, COVID-19, and RSV.},
journal = {Expert review of molecular diagnostics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1080/14737159.2024.2408745},
pmid = {39364620},
issn = {1744-8352},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: SARS-CoV-2, seasonal influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are major causes of acute respiratory infections in all age groups and responsible for an enormous socio-economic burden. The recently coined term 'tripledemic' describes co-circulation of these three viruses, a novel epidemiological paradigm that poses profound public health implications.

AREAS COVERED: Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is now considered the reference method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and RSV infections. Syndromic-based multiplex RT-PCR panels that simultaneously detect several respiratory viruses have become increasingly common. This review explores available molecular diagnostics (MDx) platforms for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and RSV in the same biological sample. Within some limitations of the published validation and diagnostic accuracy studies, both laboratory-based and point-of-care multiplex panels proved highly performant in identifying SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV. Improved operational efficiency and faster turnaround times make these assays potentially cost-effective or even cost-saving.

EXPERT OPINION: The adoption of multiplex MDx assays for the contemporary detection of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, RSV, and other respiratory pathogens will likely increase in the next few years. To maximize the clinical usefulness and cost-effectiveness of these assays, locally issued guidelines and protocols on their implementation should be adopted.},
}

@article {pmid39364158,
year = {2024},
author = {Karim, ZA and Reese, RA and Smith, AN and Blackadar, ME and Arora, V and Moore, NM and Johnson, EA},
title = {Positive impact of nutrition in the prevention of peripheral vascular disease and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: review.},
journal = {Frontiers in nutrition},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1418028},
pmid = {39364158},
issn = {2296-861X},
abstract = {Recent research has shown that there is a link between the trend of cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), and medical nutrition therapy. Making positive changes to an individual's lifestyle can help to reduce the symptoms that follow exposure to CVD and COVID-19. Sustainable nutrition and lifestyle changes can positively impact an individual's health. Studies have considered the risk factors associated with the disease, medical history, the link between nutrition and peripheral vascular disease (PVD), symptom management, and the interrelationship between nutrition, COVID-19, and PVD. One study has demonstrated that Western Dietary intake can boost the innate immune system while suppressing humoral response, causing chronic inflammation and poor host defense against viruses. However, further investigation is needed to confirm. Patients with PVD and COVID-19 have experienced a reduction in side effects when prescribed a regimen of medical nutrition therapy, heart-healthy diets, and adequate physical activity before and after symptoms of both diseases appear. This approach has proven to be a protective factor during the combination of both illnesses. Our findings indicate that balanced diet and lifestyle are essential in supporting an optimal immune system that can reduce the risk of virus load in individuals at risk of infection and symptoms from COVID-19 and PVD.},
}

@article {pmid39363839,
year = {2024},
author = {Suresh, A and Bagchi, D and Kaliappan, KP},
title = {Thapsigargin: a promising natural product with diverse medicinal potential - a review of synthetic approaches and total syntheses.},
journal = {Organic & biomolecular chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d4ob01239a},
pmid = {39363839},
issn = {1477-0539},
abstract = {Thapsigargin, a sesquiterpene lactone, naturally occurring in the roots and fruits of the Mediterranean shrub Thapsia garganica L, is known to the practitioners of traditional medicines since the medieval ages as a cure for rheumatic pain, lung diseases, and female infertility. This naturally occurring guaianolide has shown remarkable activity for Sarco endoplasmic reticulum Ca[2+] ATPase inhibition, which eventually renders it fit as a potential candidate for anti-cancer drugs. Mipsagargin, a prodrug derived from thapsigargin, is under clinical trials for the treatment of glioblastoma. Recently, thapsigargin has shown promise as an antiviral against SARS-CoV-2. Limited natural availability and challenging synthesis have prompted research into new synthetic pathways. This review discusses significant synthetic approaches and total syntheses of thapsigargin reported to date.},
}

@article {pmid39363291,
year = {2024},
author = {Hadinejad, Z and Farrokhi, M and Saatchi, M and Ahmadi, S and Khankeh, H},
title = {Patient flow management in biological events: a scoping review.},
journal = {BMC health services research},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {1177},
pmid = {39363291},
issn = {1472-6963},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Workflow ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Biological Events affect large populations depending on transmission potential and propagation. A recent example of a biological event spreading globally is the COVID-19 pandemic, which has had severe effects on the economy, society, and even politics,in addition to its broad occurrence and fatalities. The aim of this scoping review was to look into patient flow management techniques and approaches used globally in biological incidents.

METHODS: The current investigation was conducted based on PRISMA-ScR: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. All articles released until March 31, 2023, about research question were examined, regardless of the year of publication. The authors searched in databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar search engine, Grey Literature and did hand searching. Papers with lack of the required information and all non-English language publications including those with only English abstracts were excluded. Data extraction checklist has been developed Based on the consensus of authors.the content of the papers based on data extraction, analyzed using content analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 19,231 articles were retrieved in this study and after screening, 36 articles were eventually entered for final analysis. Eighty-four subcategories were identified,To facilitate more precise analysis and understanding, factors were categorised into seven categories: patient flow simulation models, risk communication management, integrated ICT system establishment, collaborative interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach, systematic patient management, promotion of health information technology models, modification of triage strategies, and optimal resource and capacity management.

CONCLUSION: Patient flow management during biological Events plays a crucial role in maintaining the performance of the healthcare system. When public health-threatening biological incidents occur, due to the high number of patients, it is essential to implement a holistic,and integrated approach from rapid identification to treatment and discharge of patients.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy
*SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics/prevention & control
Workflow

@article {pmid39362709,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, W and Wong, RJ},
title = {Epidemiology of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Including Increasing Burden in Young Adults and Females Especially Since Covid-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Clinics in liver disease},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {589-600},
doi = {10.1016/j.cld.2024.06.001},
pmid = {39362709},
issn = {1557-8224},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Female ; *Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; Prevalence ; Male ; Adult ; Sex Factors ; Liver Transplantation ; Pandemics ; United States/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) was already on the rise globally when the advent of coronavirus disease 2019 further accelerated this trend. ALD has emerged as the leading cause for liver transplantation in the United States. The pandemic has not only intensified the prevalence of ALD but has also highlighted significant disparities in its impact, particularly, among young adults and women. This review aims to dissect the complex landscape of ALD, focusing on gender, race, and emerging risk factors in the context of the current global health crisis.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Female
*Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/epidemiology
Young Adult
SARS-CoV-2
Risk Factors
Prevalence
Male
Adult
Sex Factors
Liver Transplantation
Pandemics
United States/epidemiology

@article {pmid39361639,
year = {2024},
author = {Nkodo, JA and Gana, W and Debacq, C and Aïdoud, A and Camus, V and Leroy, V and Fougère, B},
title = {Support for Nursing Home Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review.},
journal = {Journal of gerontological nursing},
volume = {50},
number = {10},
pages = {24-33},
doi = {10.3928/00989134-20240912-06},
pmid = {39361639},
issn = {0098-9134},
mesh = {*COVID-19/nursing/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Nursing Homes/organization & administration ; *Caregivers/psychology ; Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To review support systems for nursing home caregivers (NHCGs) that were implemented during the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

METHOD: Database searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL resulted in five publications.

RESULTS: Studies differed in design, interventions, and outcomes. An urgent eye movement desensitization and reprocessing protocol was feasible and effective among nurses in services highly mobilized during the acute phase of the pandemic. The "self-help plus" psychological intervention was not associated with significant reductions in anxiety or posttraumatic symptoms but prompted exploration of non-specific factors influencing its effectiveness. The Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes in Long-Term Care of the Elderly virtual program increased confidence among NHCGs. Self-compassion training was associated with positive changes for certified nursing assistants. Weekly debriefing sessions implemented at one hospital highlighted pathogenic and salutogenic factors.

CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic had a marked psychosocial impact on NHCGs and necessitated targeted interventions. Despite their limitations, these promising studies provided insights into potential support avenues. Policy considerations should stress the pivotal role of advanced practice nurses in shaping supportive work environments. Future research should focus on robust assessments of the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for NHCGs facing ongoing challenges posed by the pandemic, and even recurrent viral epidemics. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(10), 24-33.].},
}

*COVID-19/nursing/epidemiology
Humans
*Nursing Homes/organization & administration
*Caregivers/psychology
Aged
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics

@article {pmid39361448,
year = {2024},
author = {Pandian, V and Sathiyaseelan, M and Chang Chiu, A and Ravindran, V and Kverno, K and Durai, S and Wilson, P and Sony, A and Rodney, T and Rediger, K and Nirmal, I and Seetharaman, B and Regier, NG and Charles, HS and Docal, M and Farley, J and Sadan, V and Reynolds, NR},
title = {Leveraging a Global Partnership to Address COVID-19-Related Mental Health Challenges.},
journal = {Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jpm.13115},
pmid = {39361448},
issn = {1365-2850},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected nurses globally. As frontline workers, nurses faced increased responsibilities amid challenges such as isolation, infection risks, family obligations and disrupted social support systems. Coping with these challenges was associated with adverse mental health outcomes.

AIM/QUESTION: This perspective paper examines a collaboration between two schools of nursing in the United States and India to address these mental health challenges.

METHODS: Faculty from both institutions identified key mental health topics, leading to five webinars that delved into topics such as acute and long-term impacts of COVID-19 on nurse mental health, coping mechanisms, caregiving responsibilities and children's needs during the pandemic.

RESULTS: Impressively, over 11,000 nurses from 60 countries engaged, fostering a global platform for sharing evidence-based knowledge, experiences and strategies.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This partnership exemplifies the value of international collaboration. By pooling resources and expertise across cultural contexts, the initiative not only disseminated crucial knowledge but also cultivated a sense of global community among nurses. The success of this collaboration underscores the potential of such global partnerships for healthcare institutions worldwide, offering avenues to share best practices and enhance support systems for nurses confronting similar crises globally.},
}

@article {pmid39361989,
year = {2024},
author = {Geoffray, L and Tuchtan, L and Piercecchi-Marti, MD and Delteil, C},
title = {Post-mortem transmission risk of infectious disease: A systematic review.},
journal = {Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {71},
number = {},
pages = {102530},
doi = {10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102530},
pmid = {39361989},
issn = {1873-4162},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Autopsies may expose to infectious risks. The objective of this study is to assess the risk of post-mortem transmission of HIV, HBV, HCV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT), SARS-CoV2 and prion in the workplace and to estimate the duration of their infectiousness.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: the PRISMA 2020 guideline was used. Pubmed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Sciencedirect databases were assessed until February 28, 2023. We searched for articles in any language and any date of publication. Studies involving animals, transmission between two living people or transmission outside the workplace were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the appropriate assessment tools for each type of study. A descriptive analysis was performed.

RESULTS: A total of 46 studies were included. Cases of post-mortem transmission were certain for HIV (n = 1) and MBT (n = 18). The longest post-mortem interval for positive diagnostic tests was 17 days for HIV, 60 for HBV, 7 for HCV, 36 for MBT and 17 for SARS-CoV2. The longest post-mortem interval for positive cultures was 21 h for HIV, 6 days for HBV, 36 days for MBT, 17 days for SARS-CoV2. The methodology of the studies was heterogeneous, some of them associated with a high risk of bias.

CONCLUSION: There is a lack of consistent data in the literature concerning the infectivity of cadavers, except for MBT. Legislation appears to be based on minimizing contact between the biological agent and the professional. In the absence of recent robust scientific data, workers should systematically follow the best practice recommendations.},
}

@article {pmid39360831,
year = {2024},
author = {Clark, TW and Tregoning, JS and Lister, H and Poletti, T and Amin, F and Nguyen-Van-Tam, JS},
title = {Recent advances in the influenza virus vaccine landscape: a comprehensive overview of technologies and trials.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0002524},
doi = {10.1128/cmr.00025-24},
pmid = {39360831},
issn = {1098-6618},
abstract = {SUMMARYIn the United Kingdom (UK) in 2022/23, influenza virus infections returned to the levels recorded before the COVID-19 pandemic, exerting a substantial burden on an already stretched National Health Service (NHS) through increased primary and emergency care visits and subsequent hospitalizations. Population groups ≤4 years and ≥65 years of age, and those with underlying health conditions, are at the greatest risk of influenza-related hospitalization. Recent advances in influenza virus vaccine technologies may help to mitigate this burden. This review aims to summarize advances in the influenza virus vaccine landscape by describing the different technologies that are currently in use in the UK and more widely. The review also describes vaccine technologies that are under development, including mRNA, and universal influenza virus vaccines which aim to provide broader or increased protection. This is an exciting and important era for influenza virus vaccinations, and advances are critical to protect against a disease that still exerts a substantial burden across all populations and disproportionately impacts the most vulnerable, despite it being over 80 years since the first influenza virus vaccines were deployed.},
}

@article {pmid39360514,
year = {2024},
author = {Cárdenas Palacios, C and Pesantes, MA and Sandi, A and Hewlett, C and Maake, C},
title = {Articulando conocimientos y prácticas frente al Covid-19: Acciones de enfermeros técnicos indígenas en salud intercultural.},
journal = {Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {10901981241232648},
doi = {10.1177/10901981241232648},
pmid = {39360514},
issn = {1552-6127},
abstract = {A partir de entrevistas y conversaciones a profundidad con cinco enfermeros técnicos de los pueblos Yine y Shipibo-Konibo que laboran en establecimientos de salud en la Amazonía de Ucayali en Perú, este estudio muestra que las prácticas desplegadas para atender a los enfermos con síntomas de Covid-19 hicieron uso de terapias y nociones biomédicas e indígenas. Dichas prácticas reflejaron su formación en salud intercultural y su capacidad para adecuar las normas establecidas por el Ministerio de Salud. En función de los síntomas observados en los pacientes, los enfermeros indígenas usaron una variedad de prácticas: vaporaciones, masajes, baños, infusiones y remedios. Las nociones de salud y enfermedad que los enfermeros técnicos indígenas comparten con sus pacientes fueron la base para interpretar el Covid-19 y estuvieron presentes en las atenciones brindadas. Esto se nutrió de la existencia de un sistema de cuidado familiar bastante articulado que fue tejiéndose y siendo negociado en función de los síntomas y las terapias aplicadas. Sus prácticas demuestran la creatividad en los pueblos indígenas. En ese sentido, el sector salud necesita repensar su mirada sobre la medicina indígena, a la que denomina "tradicional" y nos muestra la necesidad de repensar las ideas sobre adecuación de los servicios para la población indígena para colocar en el centro del debate el significado de interculturalidad en salud desde la perspectiva indígena.},
}

@article {pmid39360055,
year = {2024},
author = {AlEdani, EM and Gurramkonda, J and Chaudhri, S and Amin, A and Panjiyar, BK and Al-Taie, DS and Nath, TS},
title = {COVID-19-Related Risk Factors for Developing Occupational Contact Dermatitis Along With Its Incidence, Prevention, and Management: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {e68441},
pmid = {39360055},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) is an eczematous local inflammatory skin irritation caused by repeated use of hand sanitizer and other chemical substances. Occupational irritant contact dermatitis (OICD) and occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) are the two variants of CD that cannot be identified clinically. Hand dermatitis (HD) is typically assessed as a clinical consequence because it affects the hands most frequently at work as per epidemiological studies on OCD. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 standards were followed when conducting this umbrella review. We used the search terms "Occupational Contact Dermatitis AND COVID-19" to search for the most pertinent papers in full text on the databases PubMed/MedLine, ScienceDirect, and PubMed Central (PMC). Additionally, the reference section of the papers was used to find more articles. A total of 11,646 results were found, and eight papers remained after applying the inclusion criteria (full-text papers, English language, studies published in the previous 10 years, involving humans, and only systematic reviews). After completing the title and abstract screening, we obtained five papers. Next, the full-text screening and AMSTAR quality check were completed, yielding the same five papers. After searching ScienceDirect, five papers that met the inclusion criteria were included, and six papers were selected from the references, yielding a total of 11 papers. The causes of occupational dermatitis from protective face masks are discussed in this review. We anticipate an increase in the incidence of occupational dermatitis linked to face mask use given that a large segment of healthcare workers (HCWs) wear protective face masks. To understand the prevalence and available therapies for mask-related occupational dermatitis, further well-designed research is required.},
}

@article {pmid39360034,
year = {2024},
author = {Delie, AM and Adal, O and Tareke, AA and Ketema Bogale, E and Anagaw, TF and Tiruneh, MG and Fenta, ET and Endeshaw, D},
title = {Sexual and reproductive health service utilization and associated factors among high school students in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in reproductive health},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {1361662},
pmid = {39360034},
issn = {2673-3153},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Several studies have been done on the utilization of sexual and reproductive health services by high school students in Ethiopia, but they have yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which high school students in Ethiopia are using sexual and reproductive health services by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS: Various electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, AJOL, Google Scholar, and Grey Literature were used to search for relevant articles. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Guidelines were followed for this review and meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using I[2] and Cochrane Q statistical tests, and data analysis was done with STATA 17 software. Random effect meta-analyses were used to determine the overall utilization rate of sexual and reproductive health services.

RESULT: This review included 20 studies with 12, 215 study participants. The pooled magnitude of sexual and reproductive health service utilization among high school students in Ethiopia was 29.79% (95% CI: 25.14, 34.43). Students with grades 11-12 (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.39, 3.90), aged between 20 and 24 years (AOR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.79-3.81), having higher level of knowledge towards sexual and reproductive health issues (AOR = 3.10; 95% CI: 1.67-5.77), previous history of sexual intercourse (AOR = 4.18; 95% CI: 2.59-6.75), previous history of sexually transmitted infection (AOR = 3.74; 95% CI: 2.22-6.31), presence of a reproductive health service facility in the school (AOR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.72-3.77), and ever-discussed reproductive health issues (AOR = 4.04; 95% CI: 1.62-10.03) were more likely to utilize sexual and reproductive health services.

CONCLUSIONS: The overall utilization of sexual and reproductive services among high school students in Ethiopia was found to be low as compared to SDG 3.7. Older individuals with higher education levels and knowledge about sexual and reproductive health services, as well as those who have had previous sexual experiences or discussions about sexual health, are more likely to utilize reproductive health services. To increase utilization, the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Education should prioritize these factors.},
}

@article {pmid39359818,
year = {2024},
author = {Hussain, SS and Loh, H and Paul, T and Paul, T and Njideaka-Kevin, T and Bhandari, S and Kumar, H and Karam, A and Metu, C and Shupe, G and Ferrer, GF and Katwal, S},
title = {A critical review of health and financial implications of obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {86},
number = {10},
pages = {5851-5858},
pmid = {39359818},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {The COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. There is a link between increased mortality and obese individuals with the disease. The disease has been claimed to have disproportionately affected non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics. The rise in food accessibility and the drop in the relative cost of junk food items are the two most significant changes in dietary patterns. Around the world, 2.8 million people die from being overweight or obese, and those with more body fat also have a higher risk of diabetes (44%) and heart disease (23%). Obesity weakens the immune system because adipose cells infiltrate the bone marrow, spleen, and thymus. Obesity was substantially more common among COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized than those who were not hospitalized. Over 900 000 adults in the United States are hospitalized due to a COVID-19 infection. Hospitalizations in 271 700 (30.2%) cases have been attributed to obesity. Obese patients may be experiencing reduced thoracic expansion following bariatric surgery. Less tracheal collapse and air-trapping at end-expiration chest computed tomography (CT) were observed post-surgery, and patients reported reduced dyspnea. COVID-19 is estimated to cost the European Union €13.9 billion in secondary care, with 76% of that cost attributed to treatment for overweight and obese individuals. The average price per hospitalized patient also increased with increasing BMI. Screening for obesity, preventive measures, and recommendations for healthy lifestyle changes should be of the utmost importance to decrease both the health and financial implications of COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid39359799,
year = {2024},
author = {Bardhan, M and Ray, I and Roy, S and Roy, P and Thanneeru, P and Twayana, AR and Prasad, S and Bardhan, M and Anand, A},
title = {Disease X and COVID-19: turning lessons from India and the world into policy recommendations.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {86},
number = {10},
pages = {5914-5921},
pmid = {39359799},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {Disease X is caused by pathogen X, an unknown infectious agent that can potentially trigger an epidemic or pandemic. Pathogen X might be any pathogen, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and prions. WHO uses the term 'Disease X' for any new emerging disease caused by an unknown pathogen X. Disease X stands for any possible future pandemic in WHO's shortlist of high-priority diseases. This review looks at the manifestations of the recent COVID-19 epidemic as the first Disease X to evaluate what has happened and to learn from what went wrong in India and worldwide. To this end, a summary is presented of response measures by governments, often lacking flows of information, discrepancies in the views of experts and decisions of policymakers, and undesirable variations in individual and collective behavior and their consequences. The elements of combating Disease X in a world with considerable inequalities in relevant knowledge, expertise, information, quality of governance, and financial possibilities are discussed. Based on this, recommendations are given for an innovative global pandemic preparedness system.},
}

@article {pmid39359793,
year = {2024},
author = {Adil, M and Saleem, MM and Vijay, S and Ehsan, M and Atiq, I and Anwar, E and Oduoye, MO},
title = {Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {86},
number = {10},
pages = {6079-6090},
pmid = {39359793},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {CONTEXT: COVID-19 has substantial effects on respiratory health and overall well-being. Recent studies suggest vitamin D as a potential treatment, but the results are inconclusive.

OBJECTIVE: The authors conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the link between vitamin D and patients with COVID-19.

DATA SOURCES: The authors searched electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, EMBASE and Google Scholar from their inception till August 2023.

STUDY SELECTION: Inclusion criteria used in our systematic review include: (1) patients who tested positive for COVID-19, (2) intervention was vitamin D supplementation, (3) the comparator was either a placebo, standard care of treatment, or, no treatment, (4) at least one of the clinical outcomes of interest were investigated, (5) study design being RCTs.

DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers manually extracted information from selected articles, including study characteristics, patient characteristics, and the primary outcomes: all-cause mortality, ICU and hospital stay length and secondary outcomes: mechanical ventilation, supplemental oxygen, ICU admission, and adverse events. Risk ratios or mean differences and 95% CIs were calculated using a random-effects model.

DATA SYNTHESIS: The authors' analysis included 14 RCTs with 2165 patients. Vitamin D significantly reduced ICU admissions and lowered the need for mechanical ventilation compared to placebo. However, it did not significantly affect hospital stay length, ICU stay length, mechanical ventilation duration, mortality, or the need for supplemental oxygen.

CONCLUSION: Vitamin D does not significantly improve certain clinical outcomes, such as hospital and ICU stay length, for patients with COVID-19. However, it still may be significantly beneficial in decreasing the burden on intensive care services.},
}

@article {pmid39359765,
year = {2024},
author = {Obeagu, EI and Tukur, M and Akaba, K},
title = {Impacts of COVID-19 on hemostasis: coagulation abnormalities and management perspectives.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {86},
number = {10},
pages = {5844-5850},
pmid = {39359765},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has transcended its initial characterization as a respiratory illness, revealing substantial implications for hemostasis and coagulation pathways. COVID-19-associated coagulopathies have emerged as critical determinants of disease severity and prognosis, presenting a multifaceted challenge in clinical management. This paper aims to elucidate the intricate interplay between COVID-19 and hemostasis, delving into the underlying mechanisms of coagulation abnormalities, exploring the spectrum of thrombotic complications, and discussing evolving management strategies. Therapeutic interventions and anticoagulation strategies tailored for managing COVID-19-related coagulopathies form a significant focus, encompassing prophylactic and therapeutic approaches, heparin-based therapies, and individualized treatment paradigms. This paper underscores the imperative for ongoing research endeavors to refine diagnostic modalities, identify novel therapeutic targets, and ascertain long-term sequelae of COVID-19-induced coagulation abnormalities. Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between COVID-19 and hemostasis is pivotal in devising effective management strategies to mitigate thrombotic risks, improve clinical outcomes, and pave the way for tailored interventions in affected individuals.},
}

@article {pmid39359134,
year = {2024},
author = {Madrazo, L and Choo-Foo, J and Yu, W and LaDonna, KA and Domecq, MC and Humphrey-Murto, S},
title = {Going to work sick: A scoping review of illness presenteeism among physicians and medical trainees.},
journal = {Medical education},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/medu.15538},
pmid = {39359134},
issn = {1365-2923},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Illness presenteeism (IP)-characterized by individuals working despite being sick-is a prevalent and complex phenomenon among physicians and trainees amidst competing priorities within medicine. The COVID-19 pandemic and growing attention to physician and trainee well-being have sparked renewed interest in IP. We conducted a scoping review to explore what is known about IP: more specifically, how IP is perceived, what approaches have been used to study the phenomenon and how it might have changed through the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHOD: The Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework was used to systematically select and summarize the literature. Searches were conducted across four databases: Medline, Embase, PsycInfo and Web of Science. Quantitative and thematic analyses were conducted.

RESULTS: Of 4277 articles screened, 45 were included. Of these, four were published after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. All studies framed IP as problematic for physicians, patients and health care systems. Dominant sociocultural drivers of IP included obligations towards patients and colleagues and avoiding the stigma of appearing vulnerable or even temporarily weak. Structural factors included heavy workload, poor access to health services and lack of sick leave policies for physicians. The pandemic does not appear to have affected IP-related causes or behaviours. Proposed solutions included both educational interventions and policy-driven changes.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite being viewed in the literature as largely negative, IP remains highly prevalent among physicians and trainees. Our review highlights that IP among physicians is fraught with tensions: while IP seemingly contradicts certain priorities such as physician wellbeing, IP may be justified by fulfilling obligations to patients and colleagues. Future work should examine IP through diverse theoretical lenses to further elucidate its complexities and inform nuanced individual and systems-level interventions to minimize the negative consequences of IP.},
}

@article {pmid39358480,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, Y and Lin, K and Wu, H and Hu, M and Yang, X and Wang, J and Grillari, J and Chen, J},
title = {Targeting senescent cells in aging and COVID-19: from cellular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.},
journal = {Cell regeneration (London, England)},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {20},
pmid = {39358480},
issn = {2045-9769},
support = {National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFE0112900)//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China/ ; National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFE0112900)//Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China/ ; Basic Research Project of Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine//Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; Health//Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; Chinese Academy of Sciences (GIBHBRP23-02)//Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; the Austrian Science Fund (FWF)//Austrian Science Fund/ ; 'Herzfelder'sche Familienstiftung project P35268-B//Austrian Science Fund/ ; BMBWF//Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung/ ; WTZ-OEAD grant (CN 04/2021)//Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung/ ; 2023B1212060050//Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province/ ; 2023B1212120009//Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province/ ; 2024A04J4199//Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project/ ; 2021A1515111044//Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province/ ; 32000414//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis and significant social economic burden. While most individuals experience mild or non-specific symptoms, elderly individuals are at a higher risk of developing severe symptoms and life-threatening complications. Exploring the key factors associated with clinical severity highlights that key characteristics of aging, such as cellular senescence, immune dysregulation, metabolic alterations, and impaired regenerative potential, contribute to disruption of tissue homeostasis of the lung and worse clinical outcome. Senolytic and senomorphic drugs, which are anti-aging treatments designed to eliminate senescent cells or decrease the associated phenotypes, have shown promise in alleviating age-related dysfunctions and offer a novel approach to treating diseases that share certain aspects of underlying mechanisms with aging, including COVID-19. This review summarizes the current understanding of aging in COVID-19 progression, and highlights recent findings on anti-aging drugs that could be repurposed for COVID-19 treatment to complement existing therapies.},
}

@article {pmid39358184,
year = {2024},
author = {Stepanovic, B and Regli, A and Becke-Jakob, K and von Ungern-Sternberg, BS},
title = {Preoperative preparation of children with upper respiratory tract infection: a focussed narrative review.},
journal = {British journal of anaesthesia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.bja.2024.07.035},
pmid = {39358184},
issn = {1471-6771},
abstract = {This review summarises the current evidence for the perioperative preparation in children with upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), including COVID-19 infection. URTI, including COVID-19 infection, are common and frequent in children who present for elective surgery. Children with URTI are at increased risk of perioperative respiratory adverse events. Perioperative respiratory adverse events are among the most serious and impactful consequences of paediatric anaesthesia, including cardiorespiratory arrest, and therefore present a significant challenge for the paediatric anaesthetist. This review addresses the pathophysiology and time course of URTI, including COVID-19. The evidence-based patient, anaesthetic, and surgical risk factors for perioperative respiratory adverse events are summarised. These risk factors work synergistically to determine individual patient risk and allow for risk stratification both clinically and with validated scoring systems. Evidence-based optimisation of modifiable respiratory risk factors can reduce the risk of perioperative bronchospasm. The evidence for the anaesthesia management options, including the timing and setting of surgery, experience of the paediatric anaesthetist, premedication, choice of airway device, choice of agent for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, and deep vs awake tracheal extubation techniques along with a risk stratification framework are discussed.},
}

@article {pmid39358023,
year = {2024},
author = {Papini, MR and Green, TA and Mármol Contreras, Y and Torres, C and Ogawa, M and Li, Z},
title = {Frustrative Nonreward: Behavior, Circuits, Neurochemistry, and Disorders.},
journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
volume = {44},
number = {40},
pages = {},
pmid = {39358023},
issn = {1529-2401},
support = {R01 DA047102/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; ZIA MH002881/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; *COVID-19/psychology ; Mental Disorders/psychology ; Brain/metabolism/physiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/psychology ; Emotions/physiology ; Neurochemistry ; },
abstract = {The surprising omission or reduction of vital resources (food, fluid, social partners) can induce an aversive emotion known as frustrative nonreward (FNR), which can influence subsequent behavior and physiology. FNR is an integral mediator of irritability/aggression, motivation (substance use disorders, depression), anxiety/fear/threat, learning/conditioning, and social behavior. Despite substantial progress in the study of FNR during the twentieth century, research lagged in the later part of the century and into the early twenty-first century until the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria initiative included FNR and loss as components of the negative valence domain. This led to a renaissance of new research and paradigms relevant to basic and clinical science alike. The COVID-19 pandemic's extensive individual and social restrictions were correlated with increased drug and alcohol use, social conflict, irritability, and suicide, all potential consequences of FNR. This article highlights animal models related to these psychiatric disorders and symptoms and presents recent advances in identifying the brain regions and neurotransmitters implicated.},
}

Humans
Animals
*COVID-19/psychology
Mental Disorders/psychology
Brain/metabolism/physiology
Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
Emotions/physiology
Neurochemistry

@article {pmid39357795,
year = {2024},
author = {King, LR},
title = {Gastrointestinal manifestations of long COVID.},
journal = {Life sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {123100},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123100},
pmid = {39357795},
issn = {1879-0631},
abstract = {Long COVID is estimated to have affected 6.9 % of US adults, 17.8 million people in the US alone, as of early 2023. While SARS-CoV-2 is primarily considered a respiratory virus, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are also frequent in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and in patients with Long COVID. The risk of developing GI symptoms is increased with increasing severity of COVID-19, the presence of GI symptoms in the acute infection, and psychological distress both before and after COVID-19. Persistence of the virus in the GI tract, ensuing inflammation, and alteration of the microbiome are all likely mediators of the effects of SARS Co-V-2 virus on the gut. These factors may all increase intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation. GI inflammation and dysbiosis can change the absorption and metabolism of tryptophan, an important neurotransmitter. Long COVID GI symptoms resemble a Disorder of Gut Brain Interaction such as post infection Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Current standards of treatment for IBS can guide our treatment of Long COVID patients. Dysautonomia, a frequent Long COVID condition affecting the autonomic nervous system, can also affect the GI tract, and must be considered in Long COVID patients with GI symptoms. Long COVID symptoms fall within the broader category of Infection Associated Chronic Conditions. Research into the GI symptoms of Long COVID may further our understanding of other post infection chronic GI conditions, and elucidate the roles of therapeutic options including antivirals, probiotics, neuromodulators, and treatments of dysautonomia.},
}

@article {pmid39357550,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, Y and Xu, X and Chaurasiya, BK and Bizimana, P and Qian, MJ and Ntawuyamara, E},
title = {Effects and Safety of the Traditional Chinese Exercise Baduanjin on Depression and Anxiety in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.},
journal = {Complementary therapies in medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103094},
doi = {10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103094},
pmid = {39357550},
issn = {1873-6963},
abstract = {AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of Baduanjin, a traditional Chinese exercise (TCM), for reducing depression and anxiety in individuals suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

METHODS: Nineteen databases were searched from their inception through August 2024 to gather data for this study. The focus of this study was randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which Baduanjin was administered for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with depression and anxiety. The study included various types of Baduanjin exercise, whether used alone or in conjunction with other treatment modalities, for the control group. The comparators included a waitlist control, usual care, health education and supportive counseling, psychosocial support therapy, pharmacotherapies, and other common exercises. The exclusion criteria for trials were trials comparing different treatment durations, different treatment frequencies, and different types of Baduanjin exercise. Moreover, other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapeutic methods applied in either the intervention or control group were also excluded. Throughout the entire study, the selection process, data extraction and quantitative analysis were carried out in strict adherence to all relevant guidelines. The Cochrane criteria for risk of bias were used to assess the methodological quality of the trials. In our review, a meta-analysis was performed using the software STATA MP14.

RESULTS: After conducting a meta-analysis, eight RCTs were found to have satisfied the inclusion criteria. The effects of Baduanjin exercise on self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) scores were investigated in five RCTs comprising a total of 228 patients. Analysis of the results revealed that the combination of Baduanjin exercises and conventional therapies led to a statistically significant reduction in SAS scores [MD=-3.21 (95% CI= -3.64, -2.79), P< 0.001] compared to conventional therapies alone. Moreover, this systematic review explored the effect of Baduanjin exercise on self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores (three RCTs involving 83 participants), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) scores (one RCT involving 103 participants), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores (one RCT involving 70 participants) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scores (one RCT involving 59 participants) for patients with COVID-19. The results showed that, in addition to conventional therapies, Baduanjin exercise had a more favorable impact on reducing the SDS score [mean difference (MD) =-2.86 (95% CI=4.11, -1.61), P=0.025], PHQ-9 score [MD=-5.31, 95% CI=-8.73, -1.89), P=0.002] and HAM-A score [MD=-3.00, 95% CI=-5.33, -0.67], P=0.010] in patients with COVID-19 than did the use of conventional therapies alone. Furthermore, the combination of Baduanjin exercise and conventional therapies effectively decreased the number of patients who experienced severe or moderate anxiety according to the GAD-7 score compared to that of patients who experienced severe or moderate anxiety according to conventional therapies alone [Relative Risk (RR) =0.03, 95% CI=0.00, 0.51); P=0.020]. However, the included clinical trials lacked a detailed description of the randomization process, and only a small portion of the studies reported proper allocation concealment procedures, which may introduce selection bias. Moreover, owing to the nature of Baduanjin exercise, it is difficult to blind participants and practitioners, which may lead to performance bias. Furthermore, the lack of blinding may lead to subjective influences of assessors on the results, thereby causing detection bias. These methodological shortcomings and potential biases should be addressed in future studies.

CONCLUSIONS: It is difficult to draw firm conclusions on whether Baduanjin exercise is an effective intervention for reducing depression and anxiety in COVID-19 patients because of the high risk of bias among the available RCTs. Further rigorous RCTs are warranted but need to overcome the methodological shortcomings of the existing evidence.},
}

@article {pmid39357183,
year = {2024},
author = {Thapliyal, P and Sah, V and Rautela, I and Joshi, M and Tyagi, S and Verma, R and Sharma, MD},
title = {Next Generation Sequencing: Latent applications in clinical diagnostics with the advent of bioinformatic frameworks.},
journal = {Pathology, research and practice},
volume = {263},
number = {},
pages = {155606},
doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2024.155606},
pmid = {39357183},
issn = {1618-0631},
abstract = {For the past 3-4 decades, the discovery of Sanger's method of pyrosequencing was the only method unparalleled till 2005 being employed as a method of whole genome sequencing (WGS). Following this, a revolutionary extensive parallel sequencing method, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), was engineered. NGS supported a substantial number of bases under a high throughput metagenomic interrogation. Bioinformatics contributed notably to this advancement. It provided alignment tools, assembly algorithms, and protocols such as Illumina and hybridization capture which have metamorphosed clinical and translational diagnostics. With the extension in precision medicine and targeted therapy under NGS sectors such as epigenetics, transcriptomics, mutation detection, prognosis, therapeutics, and patient management have been gaining progress. Using NGS in real-time clinical settings has been proven to produce positive outcomes. The most recent instrumental benefaction of NGS has been decoding the SARS-CoV-2 virus epidemiology with the assistance of multiplex PCR. So far, it had been employed to inspect different levels of viral loads from low to mid. This has been executed by amplification and phylogenetic examination of the load to raise a connective link with the evolutionary history leading up to the period of origin. The depletion in the consumed time and extensive genome size under analysis was further coupled by a cutback in the cost of sequencing while executing NGS. With the aid of this review paper, we aspire to manifest how the above-mentioned elements have boosted, tissue, microbial, and molecular data interrogation. Along with this, promoting, and stimulating an extensive evaluation and expansion in the paradigm of morphological and phenotypic study, via bioinformatics can facilitate further advancement in personalized and concise clinical research.},
}

@article {pmid39353473,
year = {2024},
author = {Dehlia, A and Guthridge, MA},
title = {The persistence of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {The Journal of infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106297},
doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106297},
pmid = {39353473},
issn = {1532-2742},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Long COVID-19 (LC) patients experience a number of chronic idiopathic symptoms that are highly similar to those of post-viral Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). We have therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the proportion of LC patients that satisfy ME/CFS diagnostic criteria.

METHODS: Clinical studies published between January 2020 to May 2023 were identified using the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CINAHL databases. Publication inclusion/exclusion criteria were formulated using the global CoCoPop framework. Data were pooled using a random-effects model with a restricted maximum-likelihood estimator. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical assessment tool.

RESULTS: We identified 13 eligible studies that reported a total of 1,973 LC patients. Our meta-analysis indicated that 51% (95% CI, 42%-60%) of LC patients satisfied ME/CFS diagnostic criteria with fatigue, sleep disruption, and muscle/joint pain being the most common symptoms. Importantly, LC patients also experienced the ME/CFS hallmark symptom, post-exertional malaise.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study not only demonstrates that LC patients exhibit similar symptom clusters to ME/CFS, but that approximately half of LC patients satisfy a diagnosis of ME/CFS. Our findings suggest that current ME/CFS criteria could be adapted to the identification of a subset of LC patients that may facilitate the standardized diagnosis, management and the recruitment for clinical studies in the future.

DATA AVAILABILITY: Data available upon request.},
}

@article {pmid39353398,
year = {2024},
author = {Alshamrani, M and Farahat, F and Alzunitan, M and Hasan, MA and Alsherbini, N and Albarrak, A and Johani, SMA and Shibl, A and Al-Tawfiq, JA and Zumla, A and Memish, ZA},
title = {Hajj vaccination strategies: Preparedness for risk mitigation.},
journal = {Journal of infection and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {102547},
doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2024.102547},
pmid = {39353398},
issn = {1876-035X},
abstract = {Millions of pilgrims travel annually to Makkah and Madinah, Saudi Arabia, for the Hajj, posing unique challenges for public health management and disease control. The large influx of pilgrims from diverse backgrounds traveling to a confined geographic area, coupled with the close proximity and interactions among them, create significant pressure on the healthcare system and heighten the potential for the spread of communicable diseases. This review examines current trends in communicable diseases and their impact, drawing insights from expert perspectives on the required (i.e., meningococcal meningitis, polio, and yellow fever) and recommended vaccinations (influenza, COVID-19) for Hajj participants. The updated COVID-19 vaccine is mandatory for local pilgrims and is strongly recommended for international visitors, with ongoing discussions on adapting protocols to address emerging variants. The timing and strain coverage of influenza vaccination, along with quadrivalent meningococcal vaccination, are also emphasized as critical preventive measures. Diseases such as cholera and yellow fever are addressed underscoring the need for rigorous surveillance and targeted vaccination strategies to mitigate the risk of transmission during the Hajj. By providing up-to-date information on mandated and recommended vaccinations, this review aims to empower pilgrims and healthcare professionals to make informed decisions regarding public health and disease prevention during this significant event.},
}

@article {pmid39353367,
year = {2024},
author = {Caldarelli, G and Pizzini, B and Cosenza, M and Troncone, A},
title = {The prevalence of mental health conditions and effectiveness of psychological interventions among university students in Italy: A systematic literature review.},
journal = {Psychiatry research},
volume = {342},
number = {},
pages = {116208},
doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116208},
pmid = {39353367},
issn = {1872-7123},
abstract = {The aim of this review was to synthesize extant literature concerning the prevalence of mental health problems among Italian university students seeking psychological help in university counseling services (UCS) and the effectiveness of these interventions. A systematic search was conducted on main scientific databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Using the PICO method, the study included research on college students seeking psychological help through UCS (P), focusing on psychological interventions delivered by UCS (I), examining the prevalence of psychological problems and/or the effect of UCS intervention on symptoms of mental health issues as (primary or secondary) outcome (O). Class comparisons (C) did not apply to this study. Studies excluded consisted of non-peer-reviewed journal articles, qualitative studies, or publications that reported only descriptive or not fully relevant information. The systematic search was conducted on the PsycInfo, PsycArticles, PsycCRITIQUES, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases up to December 17, 2023. The data was organized in a narrative synthesis. Finally, the review was registered on OSF (osf.io/t2y9q). Study quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Thirty-six studies were found to meet the inclusion criteria for a total of 7,432 participants (5,390 female, 6,625 accessing UCS). Most studies (n = 21) had a pre-post intervention design, followed by cross-sectional (n = 12) and case-control (n = 3) designs. Data from the period between 1983 and 2022 were collected (n = 7 studies focused specifically on the COVID-19 pandemic period), primarily using self-report measures. Students attending UCS exhibited significant psychological distress (63.2-92.7 %), various psychopathological symptoms, and poor psychological functioning, including depressive symptoms (9-30 % up to 48.9 %) and anxiety symptoms (11.2-36 %). Studies (n = 21) testing the effectiveness of counseling intervention showed that treatment was helpful in improving students' mental health, regardless of the approach employed. Limitations in the examined studies' design (e.g., heterogeneity in studies outcomes and measures, small sample size, self-reported data, low methodological quality) should be addressed in future research to obtain a more comprehensive picture on the topic under investigation. The high levels of psychological problems and psychopathological symptoms found in students attending UCS support the need of mental-health promotion activities. Counseling interventions seems to be an effective first-line service for university students experiencing psychological problems.},
}

@article {pmid39353142,
year = {2024},
author = {Megas, S and Wilbrey-Clark, A and Maartens, A and Teichmann, SA and Meyer, KB},
title = {Spatial Transcriptomics of the Respiratory System.},
journal = {Annual review of physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-physiol-022724-105144},
pmid = {39353142},
issn = {1545-1585},
abstract = {Over the last decade, single-cell genomics has revealed remarkable heterogeneity and plasticity of cell types in the lungs and airways. The challenge now is to understand how these cell types interact in three-dimensional space to perform lung functions, facilitating airflow and gas exchange while simultaneously providing barrier function to avoid infection. An explosion in novel spatially resolved gene expression technologies, coupled with computational tools that harness machine learning and deep learning, now promise to address this challenge. Here, we review the most commonly used spatial analysis workflows, highlighting their advantages and limitations, and outline recent developments in machine learning and artificial intelligence that will augment how we interpret spatial data. Together these technologies have the potential to transform our understanding of the respiratory system in health and disease, and we showcase studies in lung development, COVID-19, lung cancer, and fibrosis where spatially resolved transcriptomics is already providing novel insights.},
}

@article {pmid39356907,
year = {2024},
author = {Colares, PFB and Mafort, TT and Sanches, FM and Monnerat, LB and Menegozzo, CAM and Mariani, AW},
title = {Thoracic ultrasound: a review of the state-of-the-art.},
journal = {Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia},
volume = {50},
number = {4},
pages = {e20230395},
pmid = {39356907},
issn = {1806-3756},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnostic imaging ; *Ultrasonography/methods ; *Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Pandemics ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) is a tool that has become increasingly essential in the daily practice of thoracic medicine. Driven by the need to assess patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in the use of point-of-care TUS, which has demonstrated several benefits, either as a complement to clinical decision-making for diagnosis or as a real-time guide for procedures, whether as a predictor or measure of treatment response. Here, we present a review of TUS, based on the most recent scientific evidence, from equipment and techniques to the fundamentals of pulmonary ultrasound, describing normal and pathological findings, as well as focusing on the management of lung disease and guidance for invasive thoracic procedures at the bedside. Finally, we highlight areas of perspective and potential lines of research to maintain interest in this valuable tool, in order to improve the diagnostic process and expand the treatment arsenal.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnostic imaging
*Ultrasonography/methods
*Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging
Point-of-Care Systems
Pandemics
Lung/diagnostic imaging
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39355905,
year = {2024},
author = {Guzik, AK and Jagolino-Cole, AL and Mijalski Sells, C and Southerland, AM and Dumitrascu, OM and Sreekrishnan, A and Martini, SR and Meyer, BC},
title = {Telestroke Training: Considerations for Expansion of Vascular Neurology Program Requirements.},
journal = {Stroke},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1161/STROKEAHA.124.047826},
pmid = {39355905},
issn = {1524-4628},
abstract = {Telemedicine for stroke (Telestroke) has been a key component to efficient, widespread acute stroke care for many years. The expansion of reimbursement through the Furthering Access to Stroke Telemedicine Act and rapid deployment of telemedicine resources during the COVID-19 public health emergency have further expanded remote care, with practitioners of varying educational backgrounds, and experience providing acute stroke care via telemedicine (Telestroke). Some Telestroke practitioners have not had fellowship-level vascular neurology training and many are without training specific to virtual modalities. While many vascular neurology fellowship programs incorporate Telestroke training into the curriculum, components of this curriculum are not consistent, extent of involvement is variable, and not all fellows receive hands-on training in remote care. Furthermore, the extent of training and evaluation of Telestroke in American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology training requirements and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education assessments for vascular neurology fellowship are not standardized. We suggest that Telestroke be formally incorporated into vascular neurology fellowship curricula and provide considerations for key components of this training and metrics for evaluation.},
}

@article {pmid39355726,
year = {2024},
author = {Khan, Y and Todorov, A and Torah, R and Beeby, S and Ardern-Jones, MR},
title = {Skin sensing and wearable technology as tools to measure atopic dermatitis severity.},
journal = {Skin health and disease},
volume = {4},
number = {5},
pages = {e449},
pmid = {39355726},
issn = {2690-442X},
abstract = {Wearable medical technology encompasses a range of electronic devices that act as biosensors. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the commonest inflammatory skin disease and represents an important area of need in which to leverage the power of wearable biosensor technology, especially as the impact of COVID-19 increases the likelihood of virtual consultations becoming an integrated part of clinical practice. The aim of this review is to systematically define the published evidence for the utility of wearable biosensors in assessment and management of atopic dermatitis (AD). A systematic literature search was conducted for publications from 1995 onwards for 'sensor' OR 'sensing' OR 'biosensor' OR 'biomarker'. Results were combined ('AND') with a search for 'wearable' OR 'actigraphy' OR 'Internet of things' OR 'microneedle' OR 'patch' OR 'e-textile' OR 'smart textile' and atopic dermatitis (MESH terms). Fifty seven abstracts were identified from the database search of which 39 were selected for detailed review. Broadly, wearable sensing systems in atopic dermatitis were split into three categories: wearable biosensor modules (actigraphy and smartwatches), clothing and integrated fabrics placed onto the epidermis and intradermal or subcutaneous sensors. The best evidence for correlation with AD disease severity was with actigraphy measurements of itch. However, newer approaches including sensing skin barrier function, inflammation and small molecule analysis as well as employing artificial intelligence offer more potential for advanced disease monitoring. Skin diseases, specifically AD, stand to benefit greatly from wearable technology, because of the ease of direct contact to the skin, the high prevalence of the disease and the large unmet need for better disease control in this group. However, important emphasis must be placed on validating the correlation of data from such technology with patient-reported outcomes. Wearable biosensors offer a huge potential to deliver better diagnostics, monitoring and treatment outcomes for patients.},
}

@article {pmid39355408,
year = {2024},
author = {Nakagami, H and Hayashi, H and Morishita, R},
title = {Therapeutic Vaccines and Nucleic Acid Drugs for Cardiovascular Disease.},
journal = {Journal of lipid and atherosclerosis},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {328-337},
pmid = {39355408},
issn = {2287-2892},
abstract = {To combat the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), novel vaccine modalities, such as messenger RNA vaccines, were rapidly developed and have shown high efficacy. This new vaccine technology, underpinned by intensive immunological analysis, is now being applied to the production of other vaccines. For over 10 years, we have been developing therapeutic vaccines for non-infectious diseases. The epitope vaccine approach, which combines a B-cell epitope with exogenous T-cell epitopes presented through major histocompatibility complex molecules, has been proposed to induce antibody production. This vaccine type is designed to efficiently induce a blocking antibody response against the self-antigen without activating cytotoxic T cells. If therapeutic vaccines become established as treatment options for conditions such as hypertension or dyslipidemia, their administration-potentially only a few times per year-could replace the need for daily medication. Nucleic acid drugs, including small interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotides, have recently received attention as long-term agonists, similar to vaccines. Therefore, therapeutic vaccines or nucleic acid drugs could represent a novel strategy for controlling the progression of cardiovascular diseases. It is hoped that the accumulation of immunological findings and advances in vaccine technology will provide valuable insights into the development of vaccines for treating cardiovascular diseases.},
}

@article {pmid39355096,
year = {2024},
author = {Oduwole, E and Amzat, J and Aluko-Arowolo, O and Afolabi, R and Adedeji, IA and Lawal, SA and Temisan, IA and Oludiran, A and Aminu, K and Salami, AA and Kanmodi, KK},
title = {A scoping review of cultural issues concerning institutional quarantine and isolation during major multi-country outbreaks in Africa: 2000-2023.},
journal = {Health science reports},
volume = {7},
number = {10},
pages = {e70114},
pmid = {39355096},
issn = {2398-8835},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Infectious disease outbreaks pose significant challenges in Africa due to its ecology, socioeconomic conditions, and weak health systems. Implementing institutional quarantine and isolation (Q&I) measures is crucial for managing major outbreaks. However, the cultural context often determines the success of these measures. This scoping review aims to examine existing evidence on the cultural aspects of institutional Q&I in Africa over the past two decades, focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic and other major multi-country disease outbreaks.

METHODS: This scoping review's protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework registry. Nine research databases were systematically searched to retrieve all relevant literature, followed by deduplication and a two-stage screening process using the Rayyan web application. The inclusion of any literature into this review was based on a set of eligibility criteria. Also, manual searching of the reference lists of included literature was done to retrieve any other eligible literature. From the included literature, data were charted, collected, and summarized.

FINDINGS: Out of the 787 articles retrieved from the database searches, this review found only one to be eligible for inclusion. Also, no other eligible article was obtained after manual searching of the reference list for this article. The reviewed article presented empirical findings on the impact of COVID-19 Q&I protocols on traditional burial rites in Ghana. Many Ghanaian families were against their country's protocol because they felt it was insensitive to their traditional values and burial practices. Also, the way the protocol was implemented made some Ghanaian families feel that foreign burial practices were imposed on them, which bred feelings of cultural exclusion and neglect (by the government) among Ghanaians.

CONCLUSION: Research evidence on the cultural implications of Q&I in Africa is very scanty. More research is needed on this topic of public health interest.},
}

@article {pmid39354366,
year = {2024},
author = {He, R and Zuo, Y and Yi, K and Liu, B and Song, C and Li, N and Geng, Q},
title = {The role and therapeutic potential of itaconate in lung disease.},
journal = {Cellular & molecular biology letters},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {129},
pmid = {39354366},
issn = {1689-1392},
support = {No. 8210082163//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82300103//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; No.2042021kf0081//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; 2042023kf0011//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Succinates/therapeutic use ; *Lung Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism ; *COVID-19/immunology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {Lung diseases triggered by endogenous or exogenous factors have become a major concern, with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Inflammation and an over-activated immune system can lead to a cytokine cascade, resulting in lung dysfunction and injury. Itaconate, a metabolite produced by macrophages, has been reported as an effective anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress agent with significant potential in regulating immunometabolism. As a naturally occurring metabolite in immune cells, itaconate has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in lung diseases through its role in regulating inflammation and immunometabolism. This review focuses on the origin, regulation, and function of itaconate in lung diseases, and briefly discusses its therapeutic potential.},
}

Humans
*Succinates/therapeutic use
*Lung Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism
*COVID-19/immunology
Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
Oxidative Stress/drug effects
Inflammation/drug therapy

@article {pmid39352534,
year = {2024},
author = {Das, M and Panigrahy, N},
title = {A critical review on phytochemicals as antiviral medications for SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.},
journal = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39352534},
issn = {1432-1912},
support = {BT/EYUVA0017/01/20//Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council/ ; },
abstract = {A pandemic of acute respiratory infection, which was specified as coronavirus disease 2019, was instigated by a different strain of the virulent coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that first appeared in late 2019. Since viral infections spread fast and there is presently no effective treatment, the use of plants with a long history of use in treating these infections has been explored regularly. The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought to light the dearth of medications with approval to treat acute viral illnesses. Because of this, the illness had a high fatality rate. The mortality rate was initially quite high and varied according to the patient's geographic location. For instance, among Chinese patients, the rate was 3·6%, whereas 1·5% of COVID-19-related deaths were documented outside of China. As of 2020, India has a 1.4% case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 mortality, compared to 2.8% in Brazil and 1.8% in the USA. Many studies are being conducted to create pharmaceutical compounds specifically targeting important SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Several drug discovery initiatives are being undertaken to find powerful inhibitors by combining biochemical assay and computer-aided drug design techniques. Although plant-derived compounds have not had much success in the dominion of antivirals, plants are, however, believed to be a limitless supply of medications for a variety of diseases and clinical conditions. The scientific foundation required for developing novel natural source medications is provided by the chemical characterization and analysis of plant components. Most viral infections treated by ethnobotanical applications and historical literature on ayurveda, and traditional medicine are generally attributed to phytochemicals, which are compounds derived from medicinal plants. In this review, we have described the application of vascular plant-derived chemicals, such as tannins, polyphenols, alkaloids, and flavonoids, as antivirals, especially for managing COVID-19. This article discusses novel bioactive compounds and their molecular structures that target the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as prospective candidates for anti-coronavirus disease drugs. Moreover, to confirm the effectiveness of the phytochemicals that have demonstrated antiviral activity, clinical trials would need to be conducted in addition to the preclinical research that has already been done. To ensure spectacular findings, more applications of the compound would need to be studied to fully understand the effects of those phytochemicals whose clinical usefulness has already been established.},
}

@article {pmid39351240,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, K and Zeng, Y and Wu, X and Li, J and Guo, J},
title = {Strategies for developing self-assembled nanoparticle vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1392898},
pmid = {39351240},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Nanoparticles ; Vaccine Development ; Animals ; Nanovaccines ; },
abstract = {In the recent history of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, vaccines have been a crucial public health tool, playing a significant role in effectively preventing infections. However, improving the efficacy while minimizing side effects remains a major challenge. In recent years, there has been growing interest in nanoparticle-based delivery systems aimed at improving antigen delivery efficiency and immunogenicity. Among these, self-assembled nanoparticles with varying sizes, shapes, and surface properties have garnered considerable attention. This paper reviews the latest advancements in the design and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines utilizing self-assembled materials, highlighting their advantages in delivering viral immunogens. In addition, we briefly discuss strategies for designing a broad-spectrum universal vaccine, which provides insights and ideas for dealing with possible future infectious sarbecoviruses.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Nanoparticles
Vaccine Development
Animals
Nanovaccines

@article {pmid39350850,
year = {2024},
author = {Tanrıverdi, Ö and Alkan, A and Karaoglu, T and Kitaplı, S and Yildiz, A},
title = {COVID-19 and Carcinogenesis: Exploring the Hidden Links.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {e68303},
pmid = {39350850},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been studied predominantly in terms of its immediate respiratory and systemic effects. However, emerging evidence suggests possible long-term effects, including its role in carcinogenesis. This comprehensive review explores the complex relationship between COVID-19 and cancer development, focusing on immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and the impact of therapeutic interventions. We also focused on the molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 may facilitate cancer progression, including the roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), and FURIN. Additionally, we examined the possible carcinogenic effects of long-term COVID-19 treatments and the interaction between co-infections and cancer risk. Our findings highlight the need for increased cancer surveillance in COVID-19 survivors. In the post-COVID-19 period, it can be thought that inflammation associated with excessive cytokine release, especially interleukin-6, genetic and epigenetic changes, and co-infections with oncogenic viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus or human papillomavirus may be effective in the development and progression of cancer. Further research is needed to explain the mechanisms underlying this relationship.},
}

@article {pmid39350561,
year = {2024},
author = {Ghoreshi, ZA and Charostad, J and Arefinia, N and Nakhaie, M and Rezaei Zadeh Rukerd, M and Salajegheh, F},
title = {Effect of vitamin D supplementation on clinical outcomes in adult patients with COVID-19: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.},
journal = {Pharmacology research & perspectives},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {e70013},
pmid = {39350561},
issn = {2052-1707},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vitamin D/blood/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *Dietary Supplements ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *COVID-19/mortality ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Length of Stay ; Treatment Outcome ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis/metabolism ; Adult ; Vitamins/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis/metabolism ; Ferritins/blood ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a major global health crisis. Vitamin D, a crucial fat-soluble vitamin, has been recommended for COVID-19 patients, though evidence of its effectiveness is inconsistent. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of vitamin D supplementation on COVID-19-related outcomes. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Primary outcomes included mortality and hospital length of stay, while secondary outcomes encompassed C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, D-dimer, hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations, and lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts. Data analysis was performed using Stata™ Version 14. A total of 16 trials were analyzed. The meta-analysis revealed that vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced hospital length of stay (mean difference = -1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.23, -0.09; p = .033) with significant heterogeneity (I[2] = 69.2%, p = .002). Subgroup analysis showed a more pronounced reduction in studies with vitamin D dosages ≤10 000 international units (IU) (mean difference = -1.27; 95% CI: -1.96, -0.57; p < .001) and in patients over 60 years old (mean difference = -1.84; 95% CI: -2.53, -1.14; p < .001). Additionally, vitamin D significantly reduced CRP concentrations in older adults (>60 years) (mean difference = -1.13; 95% CI: -2.07, -0.18; p = .019). No significant changes were found in ferritin, D-dimer, Hb concentrations, or in lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts (p > .05). In conclusion, while vitamin D supplementation did not significantly affect most COVID-19-related biomarkers, however, it reduces the length of hospital stay.},
}

Humans
*Vitamin D/blood/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
*Dietary Supplements
*Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
*COVID-19/mortality
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
SARS-CoV-2
Length of Stay
Treatment Outcome
C-Reactive Protein/analysis/metabolism
Adult
Vitamins/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis/metabolism
Ferritins/blood

@article {pmid39349752,
year = {2024},
author = {Alvarado-Gamarra, G and Alcalá-Marcos, K and Balmaceda-Nieto, P and Visconti-Lopez, FJ and Torres-Balarezo, P and Morán-Mariños, C and Velásquez-Rimachi, V and Chavez-Malpartida, SS and Alva-Díaz, C},
title = {In-hospital unfavorable outcomes of MIS-C during 2020-2022: a systematic review.},
journal = {European journal of pediatrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39349752},
issn = {1432-1076},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Studies on the severity in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) show heterogeneous results and may not reflect a global perspective. This systematic review aims to estimate the frequency of in-hospital unfavorable outcomes in patients with MIS-C over the 3 years since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scielo, and preprint repositories until December 15, 2022. Study selection and data extraction were evaluated independently. The primary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and death. Additionally, we evaluated cardiovascular-related outcomes. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis and assessed the certainty of the evidence. Fifty-seven studies (n = 13 254) were included. The frequency of ICU admission was 44.7% (95% CI 38.8-50.7), 11.9% for IMV (95% CI 9.6-14.4), and 2.0% for death (95% CI 1.3-3.0). The requirement of vasoactive/inotropic drugs was 40.1% (95% CI 35.9-44.4), 7.9% for coronary aneurysm (95% CI 4.1-12.7), 30.7% for decreased left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) (95% CI 26.3-35.4), and 29.7% for myocarditis (95% CI 18.4-42.4). We assess the included evidence as being of very low certainty. Finally, excess COVID-19 mortality by country and the diagnostic criteria for MIS-C (CDC compared to WHO) were associated with a higher frequency of ICU admissions. The year of study conduction (2022 compared to 2020) was associated with a lower frequency of IMV.

CONCLUSION: The frequency of in-hospital unfavorable outcomes in patients with MIS-C was high. Well-designed studies are needed to explore other heterogeneity sources.

PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: CRD42021284878.

WHAT IS KNOWN: • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a serious post-infectious condition linked to SARS-CoV-2. Studies on the severity of MIS-C show heterogeneous results. These findings may not be representative of the reality in other regions, making it challenging to draw generalizable conclusions.

WHAT IS NEW: • Over the 3 years since the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, our systematic review has shown that the frequency of in-hospital unfavorable outcomes in patients with MIS-C is high, with a very low certainty of the evidence. Our results reflect the reality from a global perspective, across different countries with varying income levels. • The main sources of heterogeneity in the frequency of severe outcomes could be explained by the excess mortality due to COVID-19 in each country, the type of diagnostic criteria for MIS-C, and the year the study was conducted.},
}

@article {pmid39347937,
year = {2024},
author = {Nasir, SM and Yahya, N and Manan, HA},
title = {Functional brain alterations in COVID-19 patients using resting-state fMRI: a systematic review.},
journal = {Brain imaging and behavior},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39347937},
issn = {1931-7565},
support = {FRGS/1/2022/SKK06/UKM/02/8//Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia/ ; FRGS/1/2022/SKK06/UKM/02/8//Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia/ ; FRGS/1/2022/SKK06/UKM/02/8//Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia/ ; },
abstract = {This study systematically reviews the available evidence on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) related to neurological symptoms and cognitive declines in COVID-19 patients. We followed PRISMA guidelines and looked up the PubMed, and Scopus databases for articles search on COVID-19 patients with neurological impairments, and functional connectivity alteration using rs-fMRI technique. Articles published between January 1, 2020, and May 31, 2024, are included in this study. The Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Prospective and Cross-Sectional Studies from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) was used to assess the quality of papers. A total of 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. The result reveals that the most prevalent neurological impairment associated with COVID-19 was cognitive decline, encompassing issues in attention, memory, processing speed, executive functions, language, and visuospatial ability. The brain connectivity results reveal that two brain areas were functionally altered; the prefrontal cortex and parahippocampus. The functional connectivity mainly increased in the frontal, temporal, and anterior piriform cortex, and reduced in the cerebellum, superior orbitofrontal cortex, and middle temporal gyrus, which also correlated with cognitive decline. The findings of neurological symptoms indicate one study reported a Disorder of Consciousness (DoC), and four studies reported COVID-19 patients with olfactory dysfunction. The present study concludes that COVID-19 can alter brain functional connectivity and offers significant insight into how COVID-19 affects the neuronal foundation of cognitive decline and other neurological impairments.},
}

@article {pmid39347593,
year = {2024},
author = {Ayuk, AC},
title = {Complications and long-term impact of early life pneumonia.},
journal = {Pediatric pulmonology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ppul.27299},
pmid = {39347593},
issn = {1099-0496},
support = {//None/ ; },
abstract = {Pneumonia is an infection affecting the lower airway, where the air sacs are filled with mucus and pus; and typically presents with cough, fever, and fast breathing. Pneumonia is estimated to be the leading cause of mortality in children under five worldwide with 120 million episodes result in 1 million deaths globally. The Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are more affected. In a study in southeast Nigeria, bronchopneumonia accounted for 41.9%, of the cases admitted in the tertiary hospitals and in another hospital based study among children, pneumonia had the highest respiratory admission rates at 34.0%. Pneumonia can be caused by various organisms: Bacterial (Streptococcus, staphylococcus etc), Viral (RSV) and recently COVID 19 pneumonia. RSV has been noted globally to be a major cause of childhood lower respiratory tract infection, with morbidity/mortality occurring in 99% of (LMICs). Some of the long term sequalae are discussed.},
}

@article {pmid39347459,
year = {2024},
author = {Hollist, M and Hollist, A and Au, K and Betts, C and Kirmani, M and Kirmani, M and Armour, B and Udeh, MC and Kirmani, BF},
title = {Multiple Sclerosis and COVID-19: An Overview on Risk, Severity, and Association With Disease Modifying Therapies.},
journal = {Neuroscience insights},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {26331055241265668},
pmid = {39347459},
issn = {2633-1055},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, emerged in December 2019, sparking a global health crisis. While initially recognized as a respiratory illness, it has become evident that Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also affects the central nervous system. This comprehensive review focuses on the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 and its impact on patients with preexisting neurological disorders, particularly those with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving disease-modifying therapies. Advancements in management, including vaccinations, antiviral therapy, and targeted prophylaxis, have led to a decline in the incidence and severity of COVID-19. Nevertheless, significant complications persist, particularly in patients with advanced MS, who are highly vulnerable to infectious agents like SARS-CoV-2. This review explores the evolving understanding of MS and its association with SARS-CoV-2, encompassing neuroinvasiveness, pathogenesis, disease severity, and outcomes. Research findings reveal substantial neurological implications for some MS patients with COVID-19, with a potential risk of disease relapse and severity. A notable proportion of MS patients experiencing COVID-19 may manifest new symptoms, experience exacerbation of existing symptoms, or encounter both simultaneously, underscoring the diverse neurological effects of the virus. While vaccination and therapeutics have mitigated the overall impact, specific subgroups, especially those on anti-CD20 therapy and with existing disability, remain at higher risk, necessitating ongoing vigilance and tailored care.},
}

@article {pmid39347437,
year = {2024},
author = {Gaasbeek, CM and Visser, M and de Vries, RD and Koopmans, M and van Binnendijk, R and den Hartog, G},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Bordetella pertussis, Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Influenza Virus, and Seasonal Coronavirus Antibody Levels: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {11},
number = {10},
pages = {ofae518},
pmid = {39347437},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were introduced to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This also resulted in a reduction of notifications of other acute respiratory infections and an altered seasonality when NPIs were lifted. Without circulation of pathogens, waning of antibodies is expected, which is a first indicator of decreased immunity. Here, by performing a systematic literature review, we investigated whether reduced antibody levels due to waning immunity contributed to the altered seasonality after NPIs were lifted. Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria and reported antibody levels or seroprevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus, seasonal human coronavirus, Bordetella pertussis, and influenza virus. We show that the COVID-19 pandemic most likely led to waning of pathogen-specific antibodies, with the strongest evidence for human respiratory syncytial virus and seasonal human coronavirus and with a larger decrease in children vs adults. Waning antibodies might have resulted in out-of-season activity for these pathogens.},
}

@article {pmid39347386,
year = {2024},
author = {Peña-Bates, C and Lascurain, R and Ortiz-Navarrete, V and Chavez-Galan, L},
title = {The BCG vaccine and SARS-CoV-2: Could there be a beneficial relationship?.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {18},
pages = {e38085},
pmid = {39347386},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {The COVID-19 disease continues to cause complications and deaths worldwide. Identifying effective immune protection strategies remains crucial to address this ongoing challenge. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, developed initially to prevent pulmonary tuberculosis, has gained relevance due to its ability to induce cross-protection against other pathogens of the airways. This review summarizes research on the immunological protection provided by BCG, along with its primary clinical and therapeutic uses. It also explores the immunological features of COVID-19, the mechanisms implicated in host cell death, and its association with chronic pulmonary illnesses such as tuberculosis, which has led to complications in diagnosis and management. While vaccines against COVID-19 have been administered globally, uncertainty still exists about its effectiveness. Additionally, it is uncertain whether the utilization of BCG can regulate the immune response to pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2.},
}

@article {pmid39347133,
year = {2024},
author = {P, K and R, K},
title = {Phytosome Technology: A Novel Breakthrough for the Health Challenges.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {e68180},
pmid = {39347133},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Phytochemicals are compounds found in plants that have various biological activities and health benefits. Although phytochemicals have diverse therapeutic applications, they confront several challenges, such as poor solubility, instability, and low bioavailability. Phytosomes are used to overcome those challenges. The phytosome is a complex of phytochemicals and phospholipids that transports the drug to the target site, thereby increasing phytochemical absorption and bioavailability. The present study focuses on phytosome preparation methods and evaluation parameters, as well as the role of phytosomes in various ailments such as COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, migraine, arthritis, obesity, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cancer, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hyperlipidemic, and antimicrobial, which demonstrates phytosome complexes are more potent when compared to free extracts. Due to poor absorption and metabolism, phytoconstituents may not be effective in their free form. Phytosomes make phytoconstituents more bioavailable, stable, and effective. It also discusses recent formulations of phytosomes that can act as an effective or alternative regimen for various health conditions.},
}

@article {pmid39345250,
year = {2024},
author = {Landry, MJ and Hagedorn-Hatfield, RL and Zigmont, VA},
title = {Barriers to college student food access: a scoping review examining policies, systems, and the environment.},
journal = {Journal of nutritional science},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e51},
pmid = {39345250},
issn = {2048-6790},
mesh = {Humans ; *Students ; Universities ; *Food Supply ; *Food Insecurity ; COVID-19 ; Food Assistance ; Social Stigma ; },
abstract = {College student food insecurity (FI) is a public health concern. Programming and policies to support students have expanded but utilisation is often limited. The aim of this study was to summarise the barriers to accessing college FI programming guided by the social ecological model (SEM) framework. A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature included an electronic search conducted in MEDLINE, ERIC, and PubMed databases, with a secondary search in Google Scholar. Of the 138 articles identified, 18 articles met eligibility criteria and were included. Articles primarily encompassed organisational (17/18) level barriers, followed by individual (15/18), relationship (15/18), community (9/18), and policy (6/18) levels. Individual barriers included seven themes: Knowledge of Process, Awareness, Limited Time or Schedules, Personal Transportation, Internal Stigma, Perception of Need, and Type of Student. Four relationship barriers were identified: External Stigma, Comparing Need, Limited Availability Causes Negative Perceptions, and Staff. Ten barrier themes comprised the organisational level: Application Process, Operational Process, Location, Hours of Operation, Food Quality, Food Quantity, Food Desirability or Variety of Food, Marketing Materials, Awareness of the Program, and COVID-19 Restrictions. Two barrier themes were identified at the community level, Public Transportation and Awareness of SNAP, while one barrier theme, SNAP Eligibility and Process, encompassed the policy level. Higher education stakeholders should seek to overcome these barriers to the use of food programmes as a means to address the issue of college FI. This review offers recommendations to overcome these barriers at each SEM level.},
}

Humans
*Students
Universities
*Food Supply
*Food Insecurity
COVID-19
Food Assistance
Social Stigma

@article {pmid39343000,
year = {2024},
author = {Bezerra, PR and Almeida, FCL},
title = {Structural basis for the participation of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in the template switch mechanism and genomic RNA reorganization.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107834},
doi = {10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107834},
pmid = {39343000},
issn = {1083-351X},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant toll of deaths worldwide, exceeding seven million individuals, prompting intensive research efforts aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite the rapid development of effective vaccines and therapeutic interventions, COVID-19 remains a threat to humans due to the emergence of novel variants and largely unknown long-term consequences. Among the viral proteins, the nucleocapsid protein (N) stands out as the most conserved and abundant, playing the primary role in nucleocapsid assembly and genome packaging. The N protein is promiscuous for the recognition of RNA, yet it can perform specific functions. Here, we discuss the structural basis of specificity, which is directly linked to its regulatory role. Notably, the RNA chaperone activity of N is central to its multiple roles throughout the viral life cycle. This activity encompasses double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) annealing and melting and facilitates template switching, enabling discontinuous transcription. N also promotes the formation of membraneless compartments through liquid‒liquid phase separation (LLPS), thereby facilitating the congregation of the replication and transcription complex (RTC). Considering the information available regarding the catalytic activities and binding signatures of the N protein‒RNA interaction, this review focuses on the regulatory role of the SARS-CoV‒2 N protein. We emphasize the participation of the N protein in discontinuous transcription, template switching, and RNA chaperone activity, including double-stranded RNA melting and annealing activities.},
}

@article {pmid39342950,
year = {2024},
author = {Hagman, K and Postigo, T and Diez-Castro, D and Ursing, J and Bermejo-Martin, JF and de la Fuente, A and Tedim, AP},
title = {Prevalence and clinical relevance of viraemia in viral respiratory tract infections: a systematic review.},
journal = {The Lancet. Microbe},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100967},
doi = {10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.100967},
pmid = {39342950},
issn = {2666-5247},
abstract = {In this Review, we analysed the prevalence of viraemia during infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other relevant respiratory viruses, including other human coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, human rhinovirus/enterovirus, influenza A and B virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus. First, a preliminary systematic search was conducted to identify articles published before May 23, 2024 that reported on viraemia during infection with respiratory viruses. The articles were then analysed for relevant terms to identify the prevalence of viraemia, its association with the disease severity and long-term consequences, and host responses. A total of 202 articles were included in the final study. The pooled prevalence of viraemia was 34% for SARS-CoV-2 and between 6% and 65% for other viruses. Association of viraemia with disease severity was extensively reported for SARS-CoV-2 and also for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (albeit with low evidence). SARS-CoV-2 viraemia was linked to memory problems and worsened quality of life. Viraemia was associated with signatures denoting dysregulated host responses. In conclusion, the high prevalence of viraemia and its association with disease severity suggests that viraemia could be a relevant pathophysiological event with important translational implications in respiratory viral infections.},
}

@article {pmid39341497,
year = {2024},
author = {Dorsey, PJ and Lau, CL and Chang, TC and Doerschuk, PC and D'Addio, SM},
title = {Review of Machine Learning for Lipid Nanoparticle Formulation and Process Development.},
journal = {Journal of pharmaceutical sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.xphs.2024.09.015},
pmid = {39341497},
issn = {1520-6017},
abstract = {Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a subset of pharmaceutical nanoparticulate formulations designed to encapsulate, stabilize, and deliver nucleic acid cargoes in vivo. Applications for lipid nanoparticles include new interventions for genetic disorders, novel classes of vaccines, and alternate modes of intracellular delivery for therapeutic proteins. In the pharmaceutical industry, establishing a robust formulation and process to achieve target product performance is a critical component of drug development. Fundamental understanding of the processes for making LNPs and their interactions with biological systems have advanced considerably in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, LNP formulation research remains largely empirical and resource intensive due to the multitude of input parameters and the complex physical phenomena that govern the processes of nanoparticle precipitation, self-assembly, structure evolution, and stability. Increasingly, artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) are being applied to improve the efficiency of research activities through in silico models and predictions, and to drive deeper fundamental understanding of experimental inputs to functional outputs. This review will identify current challenges and opportunities in the development of robust LNP formulations of nucleic acids, review studies that apply machine learning methods to experimental datasets, and provide discussion on associated data science challenges to facilitate collaboration between formulation and data scientists, aiming to accelerate the advancement of AI/ML applied to LNP formulation and process optimization.},
}

@article {pmid39340929,
year = {2024},
author = {Freihat, R and Jimenez, Y and Lewis, S and Kench, P},
title = {Radiographers and other radiology workers' education and training in infection prevention and control: A scoping review.},
journal = {Radiography (London, England : 1995)},
volume = {30},
number = {6},
pages = {1536-1545},
doi = {10.1016/j.radi.2024.09.047},
pmid = {39340929},
issn = {1532-2831},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Infection prevention and control (IPC) is crucial in healthcare settings, particularly during pandemics like COVID-19. Radiographers play a vital role in maintaining patient safety by following IPC guidelines. However, there is concern that inadequate knowledge and practice of IPC among radiographers may compromise patient safety. Education and training programs can enhance radiographers' understanding of IPC to maintain safety in radiology departments. This scoping review aims to explore the literature on the knowledge of radiographers in IPC and the effectiveness of IPC education/training programs provided to radiographers and other healthcare workers (HCWs) in the radiology department, with a specific focus on the periods before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: This scoping review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute's framework. The steps involved were: Define objectives and questions, align inclusion criteria with objectives, planning the evidence search and extraction, searching for evidence, selecting relevant evidence, extracting evidence, analysing evidence, presenting results, and summarising findings and noting implications.

RESULTS: Sixty-eight articles were included. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, practices among radiology HCWs were suboptimal, but improved significantly during the pandemic. During the pandemic, radiology departments implemented education programs to address inconsistence knowledge in IPC. Unfortunately, no studies explored IPC practices after the pandemic, leaving uncertainty about sustained improvements or potential regression.

CONCLUSION: The review highlights the limited assessment of IPC knowledge and practice among radiology HCWs, with most studies recommending further education and training programs.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This scoping review explored IPC education and training among radiology HCWs, which is an important research topic after the COVID-19 pandemic to help reduce infection transmission in healthcare environments.},
}

@article {pmid39340586,
year = {2024},
author = {Hameed, H and Sarwar, HS and Younas, K and Zaman, M and Jamshaid, M and Irfan, A and Khalid, M and Sohail, MF},
title = {Exploring the potential of nanomedicine for gene therapy across the physicochemical and cellular barriers.},
journal = {Functional & integrative genomics},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {177},
pmid = {39340586},
issn = {1438-7948},
mesh = {Humans ; *Genetic Therapy/methods ; *Nanomedicine/methods ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; COVID-19/therapy ; Animals ; },
abstract = {After COVID-19, a turning point in the way of pharmaceutical technology is gene therapy with beneficial potential to start a new medical era. However, commercialization of such pharmaceuticals would never be possible without the help of nanotechnology. Nanomedicine can fulfill the growing needs linked to safety, efficiency, and site-specific targeted delivery of Gene therapy-based pharmaceuticals. This review's goal is to investigate how nanomedicine may be used to transfer nucleic acids by getting beyond cellular and physicochemical barriers. Firstly, we provide a full description of types of gene therapy, their mechanism, translation, transcription, expression, type, and details of diseases with possible mechanisms that can only be treated with genes-based pharmaceuticals. Additionally, we also reviewed different types of physicochemical barriers, physiological and cellular barriers in nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) based drug delivery. Finally, we highlight the need and importance of cationic lipid-based nanomedicine/nanocarriers in gene-linked drug delivery and how nanotechnology can help to overcome the above-discussed barrier in gene therapy and their biomedical applications.},
}

Humans
*Genetic Therapy/methods
*Nanomedicine/methods
Nanoparticles/chemistry
Drug Delivery Systems
Gene Transfer Techniques
COVID-19/therapy
Animals

@article {pmid39340367,
year = {2024},
author = {Cai, J and Chen, S and Liu, Z and Li, H and Wang, P and Yang, F and Li, Y and Chen, K and Sun, M and Qiu, M},
title = {RNA technology and nanocarriers empowering in vivo chimeric antigen receptor therapy.},
journal = {Immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/imm.13861},
pmid = {39340367},
issn = {1365-2567},
support = {82173386//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 20230484314//Beijing Nova Program/ ; 2021RU002//Research Unit of Intelligence Diagnosis and Treatment in Early Non-small Cell Lung Cancer/ ; 2023YFF0723500//National Key R&D Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {The remarkable success of mRNA-based coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has propelled the advancement of nanomedicine, specifically in the realm of RNA technology and nanomaterial delivery systems. Notably, significant strides have been made in the development of RNA-based in vivo chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy. In comparison to the conventional ex vivo CAR therapy, in vivo CAR therapy offers several benefits including simplified preparation, reduced costs, broad applicability and decreased potential for carcinogenic effects. This review summarises the RNA-based CAR constructs in in vivo CAR therapy, discusses the current applications of in vivo delivery vectors and outlines the immune cells edited with CAR molecules. We aim for the conveyed messages to contribute towards the advancement of in vivo CAR application.},
}

@article {pmid39340102,
year = {2024},
author = {Mansi, JA and Hensler, HR and Dawson, R and Tuckson, R and Wolynn, T},
title = {Navigating the Evolving Landscape of COVID-19: Strategies to Increase Vaccine Confidence and Improve Vaccination Rates in the United States.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39340102},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {N/A//Moderna, Inc./ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on every individual in the United States. The launch of the COVID-19 vaccines is estimated to have averted millions of deaths and reduced over 18 million COVID-19-related hospitalizations. In September 2023, the updated 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccine, which includes a monovalent component that corresponds to the omicron variant XBB.1.5, reflecting the predominant circulating variant at the time of strain selection, was approved and was recommended for use in all people ≥ 6 months of age. Despite this recommendation, the US uptake of the updated COVID-19 vaccines over the 2023-2024 season has been far from optimal, placing many people at unnecessary risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. This paper provides an overview of the current state of COVID-19 in 2023-2024 and barriers to vaccine uptake. With the continued evolution of the virus, the potential for more virulent variants, reduced public acceptance of vaccination, and the potential barriers that contributed to low vaccine uptake are explored to provide solutions for improving COVID-19 protection for future seasons.},
}

@article {pmid39340095,
year = {2024},
author = {Dang, W and Long, I and Zhao, Y and Xiang, YT and Smith, RD},
title = {Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in People with Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39340095},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {No//Internal grant of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau/ ; },
abstract = {Prior to the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines, patients with severe mental illness (SMI) were at greater risk of COVID-19-related outcomes than the general population. It is not yet clear whether COVID-19 vaccines have reduced the risk gap. We systematically searched nine international databases and three Chinese databases to identify relevant studies from December 2020 to December 2023 to compare the risk of COVID-19-related outcomes for SMI patients to those without SMI after vaccination. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias analysis were conducted with R software 4.3.0. A total of 11 observational studies were included. Compared with controls, SMI patients were associated with a slightly increased risk of infection (pooled OR = 1.10, 95% CI, 1.03-1.17, I[2] = 43.4%), while showing a 2-fold higher risk of hospitalization (pooled OR = 2.66, 95% CI, 1.13-6.22, I[2] = 99.6%), even after both groups have received COVID-19 vaccines. Limited evidence suggests a higher mortality risk among SMI patients compared to controls post vaccination, but the findings did not reach statistical significance. SMI patients remain at increased risk compared to their peers in COVID-19-related outcomes even after vaccination. Vaccination appears an effective approach to prevent severe COVID-19 illness in SMI patients, and actions should be taken by healthcare providers to improve vaccination coverage in these vulnerable groups.},
}

@article {pmid39340081,
year = {2024},
author = {Tsagkli, P and Geropeppa, M and Papadatou, I and Spoulou, V},
title = {Hybrid Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Variants: A Narrative Review of the Literature.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39340081},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 led to a global health crisis and the burden of the disease continues to persist. The rapid development and emergency authorization of various vaccines, including mRNA-based vaccines, played a pivotal role in mitigating severe illness and mortality. However, rapid viral mutations, leading to several variants of concern, challenged vaccine effectiveness, particularly concerning immune evasion. Research on immunity, both from natural infection and vaccination, revealed that while neutralizing antibodies provide protection against infection, their effect is short-lived. The primary defense against severe COVID-19 is derived from the cellular immune response. Hybrid immunity, developed from a combination of natural infection and vaccination, offers enhanced protection, with convalescent vaccinated individuals showing significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies. As SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve, understanding the durability and breadth of hybrid immunity becomes crucial. This narrative review examines the latest data on humoral and cellular immunity from both natural infection and vaccination, discussing how hybrid immunity could inform and optimize future vaccination strategies in the ongoing battle against COVID-19 and in fear of a new pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid39340068,
year = {2024},
author = {See, KC},
title = {Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccination Awareness and Uptake in the Post-PHEIC Era: A Narrative Review of Physician-Level and System-Level Strategies.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39340068},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {Following the World Health Organization's declaration that the COVID-19 pandemic is no longer a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), COVID-19 remains an ongoing threat to human health and healthcare systems. Vaccination plays a crucial role in reducing the disease's incidence, mitigating its severity, and limiting transmission, contributing to long-term public health resilience. However, incomplete vaccination coverage and vaccine hesitancy exist. This narrative review investigates strategies at the system and physician levels aimed at sustaining awareness and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination in a post-PHEIC era. Through an examination of the existing literature, this review explores the effectiveness of diverse approaches utilized by healthcare systems and individual providers. These approaches address every component of the 5C model of vaccine hesitancy: confidence, complacency, constraints/convenience, calculation, and collective responsibility. Physician-level approaches include appropriate message framing, persuasive communication containing safety and personal/social benefit information, sharing of personal stories, creating a safe space for discussion, harnessing co-administration with annual influenza vaccines, and use of decision aids and visual messages. System-level approaches include messaging, mass media for health communication, on-site vaccine availability, pharmacist delivery, healthcare protocol integration, incentives, and chatbot use.},
}

@article {pmid39340060,
year = {2024},
author = {Principi, N and Bianchini, S and Esposito, S},
title = {Pertussis Epidemiology in Children: The Role of Maternal Immunization.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39340060},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {In the last twelve months, a significant global increase in pertussis cases has been observed, particularly among infants under three months of age. This age group is at the highest risk for severe disease, hospitalization, and death. Maternal immunization with the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy has been recommended to protect newborns by transferring maternal antibodies transplacentally. This review examines the current epidemiology of pertussis, the importance of preventing it in young children, and the effectiveness of maternal immunization. Despite the proven benefits of maternal vaccination, which has been found effective in pertussis prevention in up to 90% of cases, coverage remains suboptimal in many countries. Factors contributing to low vaccination rates include vaccine hesitancy due to low trust in health authority assessments, safety concerns, practical barriers to vaccine access, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupted routine vaccination services. The recent increase in pertussis cases may also be influenced by the natural cyclic nature of the disease, increased Bordetella pertussis (Bp) activity in older children and adults, and the genetic divergence of circulating Bp strains from vaccine antigens. Given the high efficacy of maternal vaccination in preventing pertussis in infants, increasing coverage rates is crucial. Efforts to improve vaccine uptake should address barriers to access and vaccine hesitancy, ensuring consistent immune protection for the youngest and most vulnerable populations. Enhanced maternal vaccination could significantly reduce the incidence of whooping cough in infants, decreasing related hospitalizations and deaths.},
}

@article {pmid39340024,
year = {2024},
author = {Stepkowski, S and Bekbolsynov, D and Oenick, J and Brar, S and Mierzejewska, B and Rees, MA and Ekwenna, O},
title = {The Major Role of T Regulatory Cells in the Efficiency of Vaccination in General and Immunocompromised Populations: A Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39340024},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {Since their conception with the smallpox vaccine, vaccines used worldwide have mitigated multiple pandemics, including the recent COVID-19 outbreak. Insightful studies have uncovered the complexities of different functional networks of CD4 T cells (T helper 1 (Th1); Th2, Th17) and CD8 T cells (T cytotoxic; Tc), as well as B cell (B[IgM], B[IgG], B[IgA] and B[IgE]) subsets, during the response to vaccination. Both T and B cell subsets form central, peripheral, and tissue-resident subsets during vaccination. It has also become apparent that each vaccination forms a network of T regulatory subsets, namely CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3[+] T regulatory (Treg) cells and interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing CD4+ Foxp3[-] T regulatory 1 (Tr1), as well as many others, which shape the quality/quantity of vaccine-specific IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody production. These components are especially critical for immunocompromised patients, such as older individuals and allograft recipients, as their vaccination may be ineffective or less effective. This review focuses on considering how the pre- and post-vaccination Treg/Tr1 levels influence the vaccination efficacy. Experimental and clinical work has revealed that Treg/Tr1 involvement evokes different immune mechanisms in diminishing vaccine-induced cellular/humoral responses. Alternative steps may be considered to improve the vaccination response, such as increasing the dose, changing the delivery route, and/or repeated booster doses of vaccines. Vaccination may be combined with anti-CD25 (IL-2Rα chain) or anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to decrease the Tregs and boost the T/B cell immune response. All of these data and strategies for immunizations are presented and discussed, aiming to improve the efficacy of vaccination in humans and especially in immunocompromised and older individuals, as well as organ transplant patients.},
}

@article {pmid39340021,
year = {2024},
author = {Weber, DJ and Zimmerman, KO and Tartof, SY and McLaughlin, JM and Pather, S},
title = {Risk of COVID-19 in Children throughout the Pandemic and the Role of Vaccination: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39340021},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {At the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, persons ≥65 years of age and healthcare personnel represented the most vulnerable groups with respect to risk of infection, severe illness, and death. However, as the pandemic progressed, there was an increasingly detrimental effect on young children and adolescents. Severe disease and hospitalization increased over time in pediatric populations, and containment measures created substantial psychosocial, educational, and economic challenges for young people. Vaccination of children against COVID-19 has been shown to reduce severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and severe outcomes in pediatric populations and may also help to prevent the spread of variants of concern and improve community immunity. This review discusses the burden of COVID-19 on children throughout the pandemic, the role of children in disease transmission, and the impact of COVID-19 vaccination.},
}

@article {pmid39340013,
year = {2024},
author = {Kulkarni, NA and Nanjappa, SG},
title = {Advances in Dendritic-Cell-Based Vaccines against Respiratory Fungal Infections.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39340013},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {R01AI153522//NIH-NIAID/ ; },
abstract = {Ever since the discovery of dendritic cells by Ralph Steinman and Zanvil Cohn in 1973, it is increasingly evident that dendritic cells are integral for adaptive immune responses, and there is an undeniable focus on them for vaccines development. Fungal infections, often thought to be innocuous, are becoming significant threats due to an increased immunocompromised or immune-suppressed population and climate change. Further, the recent COVID-19 pandemic unraveled the wrath of fungal infections and devastating outcomes. Invasive fungal infections cause significant case fatality rates ranging from 20% to 90%. Regrettably, no licensed fungal vaccines exist, and there is an urgent need for preventive and therapeutic purposes. In this review, we discuss the ontogeny, subsets, tissue distribution, and functions of lung dendritic cells. In the latter part, we summarize and discuss the studies on the DC-based vaccines against pulmonary fungal infections. Finally, we highlight some emerging potential avenues that can be incorporated for DC-based vaccines against fungal infections.},
}

@article {pmid39339991,
year = {2024},
author = {Masterson, E and Anderson, E and Savoia, E},
title = {Interventions to Reduce COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Black and African American Individuals in the United States: A Systematic Literature Review.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339991},
issn = {2076-393X},
support = {75554307//Pfizer Inc./ ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy had major implications for racial health equity at the beginning of the vaccination campaign in the U.S. Interventions to reduce vaccine hesitancy among Black and African American individuals partially helped to reduce vaccine hesitancy in specific communities. This article describes findings on interventions to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among Black and African American individuals from a literature review we conducted. We found 12 studies that described communication, partnerships, and distribution interventions. Regarding communication, examples include a webinar hosted by an academic-community partnership team, information sessions, social media campaigns, educational materials, and virtual town halls. Effective partnerships identified through this literature review were a statewide alliance and one between an academic institution and faith and community leaders. Distribution interventions identified through the literature review were the deployment of multiple tactics to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake (virtual town halls, a confidential employee hotline, department huddles, written educational material, and accessible vaccination stations) and offering to administer the COVID-19 vaccine during medical appointments. The results of this review show that implementing interventions directed at specific minority groups improves COVID-19 vaccine acceptance without undermining overall vaccine distribution or uptake.},
}

@article {pmid39339967,
year = {2024},
author = {Khan, A and Ling, J and Li, J},
title = {Is Autophagy a Friend or Foe in SARS-CoV-2 Infection?.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339967},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {VR: 2022-03219//Swedish Research Council/ ; M20-0130, M22-0168 and M23-0189//Åke Wibergs stiftelse/ ; CTS 23:2983//Carl Tryggers Stiftelse/ ; },
mesh = {*Autophagy ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; *COVID-19/virology ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Virus Replication ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Animals ; },
abstract = {As obligate parasites, viruses need to hijack resources from infected cells to complete their lifecycle. The interaction between the virus and host determines the viral infection process, including viral propagation and the disease's outcome. Understanding the interaction between the virus and host factors is a basis for unraveling the intricate biological processes in the infected cells and thereby developing more efficient and targeted antivirals. Among the various fundamental virus-host interactions, autophagy plays vital and also complicated roles by directly engaging in the viral lifecycle and functioning as an anti- and/or pro-viral factor. Autophagy thus becomes a promising target against virus infection. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an accumulation of studies aiming to investigate the roles of autophagy in SARS-CoV-2 infection by using different models and from distinct angles, providing valuable information for systematically and comprehensively dissecting the interplay between autophagy and SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we summarize the advancements in the studies of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and autophagy, as well as detailed molecular mechanisms. We also update the current knowledge on the pharmacological strategies used to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication through remodeling autophagy. These extensive studies on SARS-CoV-2 and autophagy can advance our understanding of virus-autophagy interaction and provide insights into developing efficient antiviral therapeutics by regulating autophagy.},
}

*Autophagy
Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/physiology
*COVID-19/virology
*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Virus Replication
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Animals

@article {pmid39339965,
year = {2024},
author = {Panda, K and Alagarasu, K and Tagore, R and Paingankar, M and Kumar, S and Jeengar, MK and Cherian, S and Parashar, D},
title = {RNAi-Induced Gene Silencing against Chikungunya and COVID-19: What Have We Learned So Far, and What Is the Way Forward?.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339965},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; *Chikungunya Fever/therapy ; *RNA Interference ; *Chikungunya virus/genetics ; *RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/therapeutic use ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; *COVID-19/therapy/virology ; Animals ; Virus Replication ; Gene Silencing ; },
abstract = {RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which small RNA molecules (such as small interfering RNAs or siRNAs) bind to specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs), leading to its degradation and inhibition of protein synthesis. Our studies have shown that RNAi can effectively silence genes involved in the replication of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in cells. However, these investigations were performed only in laboratory settings and have yet to be tested in human clinical trials. Researchers need to conduct more research to determine the safety and efficacy of RNAi-based therapies as a therapeutic agent to treat viral infections. In this review, the history of evolution of siRNA as an inhibitor of protein synthesis, along with its current developments, is discussed based on our experience. Moreover, this review examines the hurdles and future implications associated with siRNA based therapeutic approaches.},
}

Humans
*Chikungunya Fever/therapy
*RNA Interference
*Chikungunya virus/genetics
*RNA, Small Interfering/genetics/therapeutic use
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics
*COVID-19/therapy/virology
Animals
Virus Replication
Gene Silencing

@article {pmid39339901,
year = {2024},
author = {Vello, F and Filippini, F and Righetto, I},
title = {Bioinformatics Goes Viral: I. Databases, Phylogenetics and Phylodynamics Tools for Boosting Virus Research.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339901},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {*Computational Biology/methods ; *Phylogeny ; Humans ; Viruses/genetics/classification ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics/classification ; Genome, Viral ; COVID-19/virology/epidemiology ; Databases, Genetic ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {Computer-aided analysis of proteins or nucleic acids seems like a matter of course nowadays; however, the history of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology is quite recent. The advent of high-throughput sequencing has led to the production of "big data", which has also affected the field of virology. The collaboration between the communities of bioinformaticians and virologists already started a few decades ago and it was strongly enhanced by the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemics. In this article, which is the first in a series on how bioinformatics can enhance virus research, we show that highly useful information is retrievable from selected general and dedicated databases. Indeed, an enormous amount of information-both in terms of nucleotide/protein sequences and their annotation-is deposited in the general databases of international organisations participating in the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). However, more and more virus-specific databases have been established and are progressively enriched with the contents and features reported in this article. Since viruses are intracellular obligate parasites, a special focus is given to host-pathogen protein-protein interaction databases. Finally, we illustrate several phylogenetic and phylodynamic tools, combining information on algorithms and features with practical information on how to use them and case studies that validate their usefulness. Databases and tools for functional inference will be covered in the next article of this series: Bioinformatics goes viral: II. Sequence-based and structure-based functional analyses for boosting virus research.},
}

*Computational Biology/methods
*Phylogeny
Humans
Viruses/genetics/classification
SARS-CoV-2/genetics/classification
Genome, Viral
COVID-19/virology/epidemiology
Databases, Genetic
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

@article {pmid39339880,
year = {2024},
author = {Shoja Doost, J and Fazel, F and Boodhoo, N and Sharif, S},
title = {mRNA Vaccination: An Outlook on Innate Sensing and Adaptive Immune Responses.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339880},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {*Immunity, Innate ; Humans ; *Adaptive Immunity ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *mRNA Vaccines/immunology ; *Vaccination ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology/administration & dosage ; Animals ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/immunology ; },
abstract = {Vaccination has led to significant dismantling of infectious diseases worldwide. Since the dawn of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been increased popularity in the usage and study of the mRNA vaccine platform. Here, we highlight fundamental knowledge on mRNA vaccine pharmacology, followed by the immunity conferred by innate sensing and adaptive responses resulting from exposure to the mRNA vaccine construct and encapsulation materials. A better understanding of these immune mechanisms will shed light on further improvements in mRNA vaccine design, aiming to improve efficiency and optimize immune responses upon inoculation.},
}

*Immunity, Innate
Humans
*Adaptive Immunity
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*mRNA Vaccines/immunology
*Vaccination
Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology/administration & dosage
Animals
RNA, Messenger/genetics/immunology

@article {pmid39339830,
year = {2024},
author = {Roberts, NJ},
title = {Long-Term SARS-CoV-2 Findings Related to Persisting Viral Antigen and Inflammation Resemble Those Reported for Influenza Virus and Respiratory Syncytial Virus.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339830},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; *Antigens, Viral/immunology ; *Inflammation/virology ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology/immunology ; Orthomyxoviridae/immunology/genetics ; Influenza, Human/virology/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology/genetics ; },
abstract = {Recent studies have documented prolonged expression of viral antigens and RNA and associated inflammation after infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a substantial proportion of infected patients. The persisting SARS-CoV-2 effects and findings, with inflammation associated with continued detection of viral antigens, especially resemble those previously reported for influenza virus, as well as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The reports indicate the need for improved insight into the mechanisms whereby post-SARS-CoV-2 infection-related illness is apparently more common and perhaps even more persistent after infection than observed for other respiratory viruses.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/virology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics
*Antigens, Viral/immunology
*Inflammation/virology
*Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology/immunology
Orthomyxoviridae/immunology/genetics
Influenza, Human/virology/immunology
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/immunology
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology/genetics

@article {pmid39339717,
year = {2024},
author = {Yagudina, R and Kulikov, A and Serpik, V and Protsenko, M and Kopeyka, K},
title = {Factors Affecting Adherence to a Low Phenylalanine Diet in Patients with Phenylketonuria: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339717},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {*Phenylketonurias/diet therapy/psychology ; Humans ; *Phenylalanine/blood ; *Patient Compliance ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; Female ; Child ; },
abstract = {Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited metabolic disorder that requires lifelong adherence to a low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet to prevent severe neurological complications. However, maintaining dietary adherence can be challenging for patients and their families. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the factors affecting adherence to a low-Phe diet in patients with PKU. A systematic search of multiple databases was conducted, and 49 studies were included in the final analysis. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute levels of evidence and the Quality Assessment with Diverse Studies tool. The review identified four main categories of factors influencing dietary adherence: family-related factors (social, psychological, behavioral, and educational), patient-specific factors (psychological, behavioral, educational, and demographic), environmental factors (healthcare professional support, educational and camp-based interventions, and the COVID-19 pandemic), and therapy-related factors (protein substitute formulation, clinic visits, blood tests, and telemedicine). The findings highlight the complex interplay between elements contributing to dietary adherence in PKU patients and underscore the importance of a multifaceted approach to support patients and their families. Future research should prioritize high-quality longitudinal and experimental studies to provide stronger evidence for the PKU community.},
}

*Phenylketonurias/diet therapy/psychology
Humans
*Phenylalanine/blood
*Patient Compliance
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Male
Female
Child

@article {pmid39339670,
year = {2024},
author = {González-Acedo, A and Manzano-Moreno, FJ and García-Recio, E and Ruiz, C and Luna-Bertos, E and Costela-Ruiz, VJ},
title = {Assessment of Supplementation with Different Biomolecules in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {16},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {39339670},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dietary Supplements ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Antioxidants/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Vitamins/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Vitamin D/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Melatonin/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Lactoferrin/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Sulfinic Acids/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; Vitamin E/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Curcumin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Disulfides ; },
abstract = {Consequences of the disease produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have led to an urgent search for preventive and therapeutic strategies. Besides drug treatments, proposals have been made for supplementation with biomolecules possessing immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to review published evidence on the clinical usefulness of supplementation with vitamin D, antioxidant vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin C), melatonin, lactoferrin and natural products found in food (curcumin, luteolin, ginger, allicin, magnesium and zinc) as supplements in SARS-CoV-2 infection. In general, supplementation of conventional treatments with these biomolecules has been found to improve the clinical symptoms and severity of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with some indications of a preventive effect. In conclusion, these compounds may assist in preventing and/or improving the symptoms of COVID-19. Nevertheless, only limited evidence is available, and findings have been inconsistent. Further investigations are needed to verify the therapeutic potential of these supplements.},
}

Humans
*Dietary Supplements
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*SARS-CoV-2
*Antioxidants/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Vitamins/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Vitamin D/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Melatonin/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Lactoferrin/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Sulfinic Acids/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
Vitamin E/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Curcumin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Disulfides

@article {pmid39338946,
year = {2024},
author = {Pekarek, MJ and Weaver, EA},
title = {Influenza B Virus Vaccine Innovation through Computational Design.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338946},
issn = {2076-0817},
support = {1R01AI147109-04A1/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {As respiratory pathogens, influenza B viruses (IBVs) cause a significant socioeconomic burden each year. Vaccine and antiviral development for influenza viruses has historically viewed IBVs as a secondary concern to influenza A viruses (IAVs) due to their lack of animal reservoirs compared to IAVs. However, prior to the global spread of SARS-CoV-2, the seasonal epidemics caused by IBVs were becoming less predictable and inducing more severe disease, especially in high-risk populations. Globally, researchers have begun to recognize the need for improved prevention strategies for IBVs as a primary concern. This review discusses what is known about IBV evolutionary patterns and the effect of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 on these patterns. We also analyze recent advancements in the development of novel vaccines tested against IBVs, highlighting the promise of computational vaccine design strategies when used to target both IBVs and IAVs and explain why these novel strategies can be employed to improve the effectiveness of IBV vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid39338577,
year = {2024},
author = {Saxena, S and Dufossé, L and Deshmukh, SK and Chhipa, H and Gupta, MK},
title = {Endophytic Fungi: A Treasure Trove of Antifungal Metabolites.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338577},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Emerging and reemerging fungal infections are very common in nosocomial and non-nosocomial settings in people having poor immunogenic profiles either due to hematopoietic stem cell transplants or are using immunomodulators to treat chronic inflammatory disease or autoimmune disorders, undergoing cancer therapy or suffering from an immune weakening disease like HIV. The refractory behavior of opportunistic fungi has necessitated the discovery of unconventional antifungals. The emergence of black fungus infection during COVID-19 also triggered the antifungal discovery program. Natural products are one of the alternative sources of antifungals. Endophytic fungi reside and co-evolve within their host plants and, therefore, offer a unique bioresource of novel chemical scaffolds with an array of bioactivities. Hence, immense possibilities exist that these unique chemical scaffolds expressed by the endophytic fungi may play a crucial role in overcoming the burgeoning antimicrobial resistance. These chemical scaffolds so expressed by these endophytic fungi comprise an array of chemical classes beginning from cyclic peptides, sesquiterpenoids, phenols, anthraquinones, coumarins, etc. In this study, endophytic fungi reported in the last six years (2018-2023) have been explored to document the antifungal entities they produce. Approximately 244 antifungal metabolites have been documented in this period by different groups of fungi existing as endophytes. Various aspects of these antifungal metabolites, such as antifungal potential and their chemical structures, have been presented. Yet another unique aspect of this review is the exploration of volatile antifungal compounds produced by these endophytic fungi. Further strategies like epigenetic modifications by chemical as well as biological methods and OSMAC to induce the silent gene clusters have also been presented to generate unprecedented bioactive compounds from these endophytic fungi.},
}

@article {pmid39338574,
year = {2024},
author = {Kamaratos-Sevdalis, N and Kourampi, I and Ozturk, NB and Mavromanoli, AC and Tsagkaris, C},
title = {Mpox and Surgery: Protocols, Precautions, and Recommendations.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338574},
issn = {2076-2607},
abstract = {Mpox, also known as Monkeypox, is an infectious disease known to spread via direct contact and fomites, which poses a significant contagion risk in surgical settings and may increase the challenges already posed by COVID-19. Within the three years following the outbreak of Mpox, we conducted a review of the impact of Mpox on surgical practice. We searched Pubmed/Medline and Scopus, focusing on original studies and case reports in English or German. Our search terms included "Mpox", "Monkeypox", and "Surgery". Out of 60 clinical or epidemiological studies, as well as expert opinions, brief reports, and pertinent literature reviews, eight were included after full-text assessment. We also incorporated two pertinent literature reviews, including a total of 10 papers, in this analysis. The main topics addressed by the literature are 1. manifestations of Mpox for surgical consideration or urgent management, for which it is important to consider whether a surgical approach is needed to address long-term Mpox-related lesions and 2. infection control in surgical settings, especially considering its impact on elective surgery and the well-being of healthcare workers. Mpox could affect surgical services and access to operating theaters. Unlike COVID-19, Mpox, compared to initial concerns, has not substantially compromised surgical delivery. However, limited reports exist on the surgical impact of Mpox. It is crucial to involve surgeons in Mpox diagnosis, educate surgical practitioners on its mimicry of common surgical conditions, enhance infection control during surgery, and ensure access to corrective surgery as a means of tackling the stigmatization associated with Mpox and sexually transmitted diseases in general.},
}

@article {pmid39338476,
year = {2024},
author = {Dias, RA},
title = {Towards a Comprehensive Definition of Pandemics and Strategies for Prevention: A Historical Review and Future Perspectives.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338476},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {Finance code 001//Todos pela Saúde (ITpS) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)/ ; },
abstract = {The lack of a universally accepted definition of a pandemic hinders a comprehensive understanding of and effective response to these global health crises. Current definitions often lack quantitative criteria, rendering them vague and limiting their utility. Here, we propose a refined definition that considers the likelihood of susceptible individuals contracting an infectious disease that culminates in widespread global transmission, increased morbidity and mortality, and profound societal, economic, and political consequences. Applying this definition retrospectively, we identify 22 pandemics that occurred between 165 and 2024 AD and were caused by a variety of diseases, including smallpox (Antonine and American), plague (Justinian, Black Death, and Third Plague), cholera (seven pandemics), influenza (two Russian, Spanish, Asian, Hong Kong, and swine), AIDS, and coronaviruses (SARS, MERS, and COVID-19). This work presents a comprehensive analysis of past pandemics caused by both emerging and re-emerging pathogens, along with their epidemiological characteristics, societal impact, and evolution of public health responses. We also highlight the need for proactive measures to reduce the risk of future pandemics. These strategies include prioritizing surveillance of emerging zoonotic pathogens, conserving biodiversity to counter wildlife trafficking, and minimizing the potential for zoonotic spillover events. In addition, interventions such as promoting alternative protein sources, enforcing the closure of live animal markets in biodiversity-rich regions, and fostering global collaboration among diverse stakeholders are critical to preventing future pandemics. Crucially, improving wildlife surveillance systems will require the concerted efforts of local, national and international entities, including laboratories, field researchers, wildlife conservationists, government agencies and other stakeholders. By fostering collaborative networks and establishing robust biorepositories, we can strengthen our collective capacity to detect, monitor, and mitigate the emergence and transmission of zoonotic pathogens.},
}

@article {pmid39338357,
year = {2024},
author = {Lukaszewicz, M},
title = {Application of Mammalian Nudix Enzymes to Capped RNA Analysis.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338357},
issn = {1424-8247},
abstract = {Following the success of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19, mRNA-based therapeutics have now become a great interest and potential. The development of this approach has been preceded by studies of modifications found on mRNA ribonucleotides that influence the stability, translation and immunogenicity of this molecule. The 5' cap of eukaryotic mRNA plays a critical role in these cellular functions and is thus the focus of intensive chemical modifications to affect the biological properties of in vitro-prepared mRNA. Enzymatic removal of the 5' cap affects the stability of mRNA in vivo. The NUDIX hydrolase Dcp2 was identified as the first eukaryotic decapping enzyme and is routinely used to analyse the synthetic cap at the 5' end of RNA. Here we highlight three additional NUDIX enzymes with known decapping activity, namely Nudt2, Nudt12 and Nudt16. These enzymes possess a different and some overlapping activity towards numerous 5' RNA cap structures, including non-canonical and chemically modified ones. Therefore, they appear as potent tools for comprehensive in vitro characterisation of capped RNA transcripts, with special focus on synthetic RNAs with therapeutic activity.},
}

@article {pmid39338098,
year = {2024},
author = {Hannes, K and Thyssen, P and Bengough, T and Dawson, S and Paque, K and Talboom, S and Tuand, K and Vandendriessche, T and van de Veerdonk, W and Wopereis, D and Vandamme, AM},
title = {Inclusive Crisis Communication in a Pandemic Context: A Rapid Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {21},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338098},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/projects/towards-an-inclusive-crisis-communication-policy/project///Sciensano, Belgian Governmental Health Care Institute/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Communication ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Background: Crisis communication might not reach non-native speakers or persons with low literacy levels, a low socio-economic status, and/or an auditory or visual impairments as easily as it would reach other citizens. The aim of this rapid review was to synthesize the evidence on strategies used to improve inclusive pandemic-related crisis communication in terms of form, channel, and outreach. Methods: After a comprehensive search and a rigorous screening and quality assessment exercise, twelve comparative studies were selected for inclusion in this review. Data were analyzed and represented by means of a structured reporting of available effects using narrative tables. Results: The findings indicate that a higher message frequency (on any channel) may lead to a lower recall rate, audio-visual productions and tailored messages prove to be valuable under certain conditions, and primary healthcare practitioners appear to be the most trusted source of information for most groups of citizens. Trust levels were higher for citizens who were notified in advance of potential exceptions to the rule in the effect of preventive and curative measures promoted. Conclusions: This review contributes to combatting information inequality by providing evidence on how to remove the sensorial, linguistic, cultural, and textual barriers experienced by minorities and other underserved target audiences in COVID-19-related governmental crisis communication in response to the societal, health-related costs of ineffective communication outreach.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Communication
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39338071,
year = {2024},
author = {Kassa, ZY and Scarf, V and Turkmani, S and Fox, D},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 on Maternal Health Service Uptake and Perinatal Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {21},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338071},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Maternal Health Services ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology ; Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a major global public health threat that has impeded health infrastructures in low- and middle-income countries. This systematic review examines the impact of COVID-19 on maternal health service uptake and perinatal outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. We searched four databases in August 2020 and updated the search on 22 December 2023: PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Maternity and Infant Care, and EMBASE. Data extraction was performed using a standardised Joana Briggs Institute data extraction format for the eligibility of articles, and any discrepancies were solved through discussion and consensus. This systematic review includes 36 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Antenatal care attendance and institutional childbirth significantly decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, and home births increased. Fear of contracting the virus, a lack of transport, a shortage of logistic supplies, a lack of personal protective equipment, lockdown policies, economic and food security, stigmatisation of sick persons, long waiting times in the hospital, and health system weakness were barriers to accessing maternity care. The findings of this review showed a significant decrease in antenatal care attendance and institutional birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our findings, we recommend that stakeholders ensure the availability of essential medical supplies in the hospital.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Pregnancy
Female
*Maternal Health Services
Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Pregnancy Outcome/epidemiology
Prenatal Care/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid39338017,
year = {2024},
author = {Pereira da Silva, A and Castaneda, LR and Cavalcante de Oliveira, AP and Fronteira, I and Craveiro, I and Maia, LS and Chança, R and Boniol, M and Ferrinho, P and Dal Poz, MR},
title = {COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance and Hesitancy in Healthcare Workers and the General Population: A Systematic Review and Policy Recommendations.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {21},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39338017},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {2021/1175760-0/WHO_/World Health Organization/International ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/psychology ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Health Policy ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the scientific community to find and develop a vaccine to fight the disease. However, problems with achieving high vaccine coverage have emerged, even among high-risk groups such as healthcare workers (HCWs).

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to examine factors that influence HCW's and the general population's adherence to COVID-19 vaccination and national policies to vaccinate HCWs and other target groups.

METHODS: This study implemented a systematic review. The eligibility criterion for inclusion was being a HCW, target population for COVID-19 vaccination, or general population. Vaccination was the target intervention, and the COVID-19 pandemic was the context. We selected publications published between 1 January 2020 and 31 March 2022. Qualitative synthesis used a meta-aggregation approach.

RESULTS: Nineteen articles were included in the review, with study samples varying from 48 to 5708 participants. Most of the evidence came from cross-sectional and qualitative studies. The main findings were related to vaccine hesitancy rather than acceptance. Factors associated with HCW vaccine hesitancy included subjective feelings such as safety concerns, rapid vaccine development, and insufficient testing. Countries have adopted few public policies to address this problem, and the main concern is whether to enforce vaccination and the extent to which measures are legal.

CONCLUSION: The quality of the evidence base remains weak. Skepticism, mistrust, and hesitancy toward vaccination are global issues that can jeopardize vaccination coverage.},
}

Humans
*Health Personnel/psychology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
*COVID-19/prevention & control/psychology
*Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology/statistics & numerical data
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination/psychology/statistics & numerical data
Health Policy

@article {pmid39337465,
year = {2024},
author = {Eisenreich, W and Leberfing, J and Rudel, T and Heesemann, J and Goebel, W},
title = {Interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with Human Target Cells-A Metabolic View.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {39337465},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {EI 384/16 and RU631/17//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/metabolism/physiology ; *COVID-19/metabolism/virology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Glycolysis ; Virus Replication ; Pentose Phosphate Pathway ; Citric Acid Cycle ; },
abstract = {Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, and they exploit the cellular pathways and resources of their respective host cells to survive and successfully multiply. The strategies of viruses concerning how to take advantage of the metabolic capabilities of host cells for their own replication can vary considerably. The most common metabolic alterations triggered by viruses affect the central carbon metabolism of infected host cells, in particular glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The upregulation of these processes is aimed to increase the supply of nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids since these metabolic products are crucial for efficient viral proliferation. In detail, however, this manipulation may affect multiple sites and regulatory mechanisms of host-cell metabolism, depending not only on the specific viruses but also on the type of infected host cells. In this review, we report metabolic situations and reprogramming in different human host cells, tissues, and organs that are favorable for acute and persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection. This knowledge may be fundamental for the development of host-directed therapies.},
}

Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/metabolism/physiology
*COVID-19/metabolism/virology
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Glycolysis
Virus Replication
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Citric Acid Cycle

@article {pmid39337446,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Kong, X and Liu, T and Xian, M and Wei, J},
title = {The Role of ACE2 in Neurological Disorders: From Underlying Mechanisms to the Neurological Impact of COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {39337446},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {32161143021, 81271410//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 182300410313//Henan Province Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; CJ1205A0240018//Bio-Med Interdisciplinary Innovative Program of Henan University/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism/virology ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; *Nervous System Diseases/metabolism/virology/etiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has become a hot topic in neuroscience research in recent years, especially in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, where its role in neurological diseases has received widespread attention. ACE2, as a multifunctional metalloprotease, not only plays a critical role in the cardiovascular system but also plays an important role in the protection, development, and inflammation regulation of the nervous system. The COVID-19 pandemic further highlights the importance of ACE2 in the nervous system. SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells by binding to ACE2, which may directly or indirectly affect the nervous system, leading to a range of neurological symptoms. This review aims to explore the function of ACE2 in the nervous system as well as its potential impact and therapeutic potential in various neurological diseases, providing a new perspective for the treatment of neurological disorders.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/metabolism/virology
*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
*Nervous System Diseases/metabolism/virology/etiology
*SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
Animals

@article {pmid39337343,
year = {2024},
author = {Zlosa, M and Grubišić, B and Švitek, L and Sabadi, D and Canecki-Varžić, S and Mihaljević, I and Bilić-Ćurčić, I and Kizivat, T},
title = {Implications of Dysnatremia and Endocrine Disturbances in COVID-19 Patients.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {39337343},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {IP 21-2024//Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University of J.J. Strossmayer/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/metabolism ; *Renin-Angiotensin System ; *Hyponatremia/etiology/metabolism ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Endocrine System Diseases/etiology/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Hypothyroidism/metabolism/complications ; },
abstract = {Sodium imbalance is a common electrolyte disturbance in COVID-19, often linked to disruptions in hormonal regulation. This review explores the relationship between sodium dysregulation and endocrine disturbances, particularly focusing on primary and secondary hypothyroidism, hypocortisolism, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Hypocortisolism in COVID-19, due to adrenal insufficiency or secondary to pituitary dysfunction, can lead to hyponatremia through inadequate cortisol levels, which impair renal free water excretion and enhance antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. Similarly, hypothyroidism is associated with decreased renal blood flow and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which also increases ADH activity, leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Furthermore, COVID-19 can disrupt RAAS (primarily through its interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor), diminishing aldosterone secretion and further contributing to sodium loss and hyponatremia. These hormonal disruptions suggest that sodium imbalance in COVID-19 is multifactorial and warrants further investigation into the complex interplay between COVID-19, endocrine function, and sodium homeostasis. Future research should focus on understanding these mechanisms to develop management algorithms that address both sodium imbalance and underlying hormonal disturbances in order to improve prognosis and outcomes in COVID-19 patients.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/metabolism
*Renin-Angiotensin System
*Hyponatremia/etiology/metabolism
*SARS-CoV-2
Endocrine System Diseases/etiology/metabolism
Sodium/metabolism
Hypothyroidism/metabolism/complications

@article {pmid39337246,
year = {2024},
author = {Cruz-Gregorio, A and Amezcua-Guerra, LM and Fisher-Bautista, B and Romero-Beltrán, A and Fonseca-Camarillo, G},
title = {The Protective Role of Interleukin-37 in Cardiovascular Diseases through Ferroptosis Modulation.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {39337246},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {na//Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez/ ; },
mesh = {*Ferroptosis ; Humans ; *Interleukin-1/metabolism ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism ; Animals ; COVID-19/metabolism/immunology ; Atherosclerosis/metabolism/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The role of ferroptosis and iron metabolism dysregulation in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases is increasingly recognized. Conditions such as hypertension, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, and cardiovascular complications associated with COVID-19 have been linked to these processes. Inflammation is central to these conditions, prompting exploration into the inflammatory and immunoregulatory molecular pathways that mediate ferroptosis and its contribution to cardiovascular disease progression. Notably, emerging evidence highlights interleukin-37 as a protective cytokine with the ability to activate the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway, inhibit macrophage ferroptosis, and attenuate atherosclerosis progression in murine models. However, a comprehensive review focusing on interleukin-37 and its protective role against ferroptosis in CVD is currently lacking. This review aims to fill this gap by summarizing existing knowledge on interleukin-37, including its regulatory functions and impact on ferroptosis in conditions such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. We also explore experimental strategies and propose that targeting interleukin-37 to modulate ferroptosis presents a promising therapeutic approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.},
}

*Ferroptosis
Humans
*Interleukin-1/metabolism
*Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism
Animals
COVID-19/metabolism/immunology
Atherosclerosis/metabolism/pathology
SARS-CoV-2/metabolism

@article {pmid39337096,
year = {2024},
author = {Boccatonda, A and D'Ardes, D and Tallarico, V and Guagnano, MT and Cipollone, F and Schiavone, C and Piscaglia, F and Serra, C},
title = {Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Detection of Lung Sequelae in Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {39337096},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, several studies demonstrated the effectiveness of lung ultrasound (LUS) as a frontline tool in diagnosing and managing acute SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. However, its role in detecting post-COVID-19 lung sequelae remains to be fully determined. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LUS in identifying lung parenchymal damage, particularly fibrotic-like changes, following COVID-19 pneumonia, comparing its performance to that of CT. Methods: Relevant studies published before July 2024 were identified through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library. The search terms were combinations of the relevant medical subject heading (MeSH) terms, key words and word variants for "lung", "post-COVID", "long-COVID", and "ultrasound". The pooled sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) curve were used to examine the accuracy of CEUS. The selected works used different thresholds for the detection and counting of B-lines by ultrasound. This led to dividing our analysis into two models, the first based on the lower thresholds for detection of B-lines found in the works, and the second on data obtained using a higher detection threshold. Results: In terms of the diagnostic accuracy of LUS in detecting residual fibrotic-like changes in patients post-COVID-19 infection, a low-threshold model displayed a pooled sensitivity of 0.98 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95-0.99] and a pooled specificity of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.49-0.59). The DOR was 44.9 (95% CI: 10.8-187.1). The area under the curve (AUC) of SROC was 0.90. In the second analysis, the model with the higher threshold to detect B-lines showed a pooled sensitivity of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.85-0.94) and a pooled specificity of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84-0.91). The DOR was 50.4 (95% CI: 15.9-159.3). The AUC of SROC was 0.93. Conclusions: In both analyses (even using the high threshold for the detection of B-lines), excellent sensitivity (98% in model 1 and 90% in model 2) is maintained. The specificity has a significant variation between the two models from 54 (model 1) to 87% (model 2). The model with the highest threshold for the detection of B-lines displayed the best diagnostic accuracy, as confirmed by the AUC values of the SROC (0.93).},
}

@article {pmid39336558,
year = {2024},
author = {Bui, MT and Nguyen Le, CA and Duong, KL and Hoang, VT and Nguyen, TK},
title = {Transplacental Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {60},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39336558},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; *COVID-19/transmission ; *Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Female ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology ; *Placenta/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Infant, Newborn ; Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Pregnancy Outcome ; },
abstract = {Background and Objectives: The study aims to explore the potential for transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2, focusing on its pathophysiology, placental defense mechanisms, and the clinical implications for maternal and neonatal health. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive review of the current literature was conducted, analyzing studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy, the expression of key viral receptors (ACE2 and TMPRSS2) in placental cells, and the immune responses involved in placental defense. The review also examined the clinical outcomes related to maternal and neonatal health, including adverse pregnancy outcomes and neonatal infection. Results: The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the placenta supports the biological plausibility of SARS-CoV-2 transplacental transmission. Histopathological findings from the infected placentas reveal inflammation, vascular changes, and the evidence of viral particles in placental tissues. Clinical reports indicate an increased risk of preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, and neonatal infection in pregnancies affected by COVID-19. However, the frequency and mechanisms of vertical transmission remain variable across studies, highlighting the need for standardized research protocols. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 can potentially infect placental cells, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes and neonatal infection. While evidence of transplacental transmission has been documented, the risk and mechanisms are not fully understood. Ongoing research is essential to clarify these aspects and inform obstetric care practices to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
*COVID-19/transmission
*Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
Female
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology
*Placenta/virology
*SARS-CoV-2
*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
Infant, Newborn
Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism
Pregnancy Outcome

@article {pmid39336509,
year = {2024},
author = {Pietrzyk, SJ and Kielczynska, E and Kowalczyk, M and Mazurek, M and Domagala, ZA},
title = {Potential Impacts of Prolonged Face Mask Use on Temporomandibular Joint Health as Neglected Lifestyle Repercussions of COVID-19 Pandemic-A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {60},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39336509},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/transmission ; *Masks ; *Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/epidemiology ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Life Style ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Quality of Life ; },
abstract = {Since December 2019, COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a pandemic and advocate for the widespread use of face masks to mitigate transmission. In this review, we delve into the potential impact of prolonged face mask use on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) health, an area that has garnered limited attention amidst COVID-19 research. Research has revealed that improper mask fit and constant readjustment can lead to TMJ abnormalities. Similarly, there is a demonstrated correlation between continuous mask usage and an increased incidence of headaches, temporomandibular pain, and diminished quality of life. Many studies have highlighted discomfort in the preauricular area, headaches, TMJ noises, headache, jaw pain, and muscle fatigue, as well as dermatological disorders, which have been attributed to prolonged mask wear and its impact on TMJ health. Our study catalyzes future research endeavors, urging a deeper exploration of the implications of long-term mask wear, not only in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic but also among occupational groups regularly exposed to extended mask use. By unraveling the complexities of TMJ health in the face of evolving preventive measures, we aim to enhance our understanding of this issue and safeguard the well-being of mask-wearers worldwide.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology/transmission
*Masks
*Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/epidemiology
Temporomandibular Joint
Life Style
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics/prevention & control
Quality of Life

@article {pmid39335984,
year = {2024},
author = {Lesser, TL and Matalon, M and Clauss-Ehlers, CS},
title = {Implications of Cash Transfer Programs for Mental Health Promotion among Families Facing Significant Stressors: Using Ecological Systems Theory to Explain Successes of Conditional and Unconditional Programs.},
journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39335984},
issn = {2076-328X},
abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to apply Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory to explore the literature on how Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) and Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT) programs might support positive mental health outcomes. The paper begins with transnational considerations of stress, such as poverty and COVID-19, and their impact on mental health. Bronfenbrenner's theory is applied to better understand the mechanisms by which CCT and UCT programs can potentially lead to positive outcomes for children and families who face such stressors. The implications of cash transfer programs are subsequently discussed in terms of how they might promote positive mental health outcomes among families globally. This theoretical application paper concludes with a call for transnational research to explore connections between cash transfer programs and mental health outcomes for children/adolescents and their parents/caregivers.},
}

@article {pmid39335974,
year = {2024},
author = {Szeto, S and Au, AKY and Cheng, SKL},
title = {Support from Social Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39335974},
issn = {2076-328X},
support = {To be confirmed//Saint Francis University/ ; },
abstract = {The social distancing measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have transformed people from social to isolated individuals. During that time, social media became a useful tool for satisfying people's need for social interaction. Previous systematic reviews, however, have focused largely on the negative impact of social media use and ignored the positive side. Hence, this systematic review examined the role of social media use in providing support-be it social, emotional or informational-during the pandemic. Four databases were systematically searched, and the selection procedure followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Protocol registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022367903). A total of 20 papers were deemed eligible for data extraction. The findings showed that active engagement on social media contributed significantly to maintaining social capital and collective resilience amidst social restrictions. The emotional support obtained from social media was proven effective in alleviating feelings of loneliness and isolation. Also, social media facilitated the rapid dissemination of information and the grassroots mobilization of support by overcoming bureaucratic hurdles and addressing urgent community needs. This review concluded by highlighting the transformative potential of social media in crisis contexts and suggesting implications for mental health interventions and community resilience strategies.},
}

@article {pmid39335735,
year = {2024},
author = {Lei, II and Thorndal, C and Manzoor, MS and Parsons, N and Noble, C and Huhulea, C and Koulaouzidis, A and Arasaradnam, RP},
title = {The Diagnostic Accuracy of Colon Capsule Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {39335735},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) has regained popularity for lower gastrointestinal investigations since the COVID-19 pandemic. While there have been systematic reviews and meta-analyses on colonic polyp detection using CCE, there is a lack of comprehensive evidence concerning colonic inflammation. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CCE for colonic inflammation, predominantly ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed Central, and Cochrane Library) for studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy between CCE and optical endoscopy as the standard reference. A bivariate random effect model was used for the meta-analysis. Results: From 3797 publications, 23 studies involving 1353 patients were included. Nine studies focused on UC, and ten focused on CD. For UC, CCE showed a pooled sensitivity of 92% (95% CI, 88-95%), a specificity of 71% (95% CI, 35-92%), and an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.97). For CD, the pooled sensitivity was 92% (95% CI, 89-95%), and the specificity was 88% (95% CI, 84-92%), with an AUC of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.76-0.98). Overall, for inflammatory bowel disease, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 90% (95% CI, 85-93%), 76% (95% CI, 56-90%), and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.94-0.97), respectively. Conclusions: Despite the challenges around standardised disease scoring and the lack of histological confirmation, CCE performs well in diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease. It demonstrates high sensitivity in both UC and Crohn's terminal ileitis and colitis and high specificity in Crohn's disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of other colonic inflammatory conditions.},
}

@article {pmid39335598,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, YH and Lin, CW and Huang, CW},
title = {Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as Potential Treatments for COVID-19-Induced Anosmia.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39335598},
issn = {2227-9059},
support = {NSTC 112-2320-B-037-010-MY3//National Science and Technology Council/ ; KMU-M112004//Kaohsiung Medical University/ ; },
abstract = {Some individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) experience anosmia, or loss of smell. Although the prevalence of anosmia has decreased with the emergence of the Omicron variant, it remains a significant concern. This review examines the potential role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly omega-3 PUFAs, in treating COVID-19-induced anosmia by focusing on the underlying mechanisms of the condition. Omega-3 PUFAs are known for their anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and neurotransmission-enhancing properties, which could potentially aid in olfactory recovery. However, study findings are inconsistent. For instance, a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial found no significant effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on olfactory recovery in patients with COVID-19-induced anosmia. These mixed results highlight the limitations of existing research, including small sample sizes, lack of placebo controls, short follow-up periods, and combined treatments. Therefore, more rigorous, large-scale studies are urgently needed to definitively assess the therapeutic potential of omega-3 PUFAs for olfactory dysfunction. Further research is also crucial to explore the broader role of PUFAs in managing viral infections and promoting sensory recovery.},
}

@article {pmid39335578,
year = {2024},
author = {Lebbe, A and Aboulwafa, A and Bayraktar, N and Mushannen, B and Ayoub, S and Sarker, S and Abdalla, MN and Mohammed, I and Mushannen, M and Yagan, L and Zakaria, D},
title = {New Onset of Acute and Chronic Hepatic Diseases Post-COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39335578},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused a pandemic in the 2020s, which affected almost every aspect of life. As the world is recovering from the effect of the coronavirus, the concept of post-COVID-19 syndrome has emerged. Multiple organ systems have been implicated, including the liver. We aim to identify and analyze the reported cases of severe and long-term parenchymal liver injury post-COVID-19 infection. Several databases were used to conduct a comprehensive literature search to target studies reporting cases of severe and long-term parenchymal liver injury post-COVID-19 infection. Screening, data extraction, and cross checking were performed by two independent reviewers. Only 22 studies met our inclusion criteria. Our results revealed that liver steatosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cirrhosis were the most reported liver associated complications post-COVID-19 infection. Moreover, complications like acute liver failure, hepatitis, and liver hemorrhage were also reported. The mechanism of liver injury post-COVID-19 infection is not fully understood. The leading proposed mechanisms include the involvement of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor expressed in the liver and the overall inflammatory state caused by COVID-19 infection. Future studies should incorporate longer follow-up periods, spanning several years, for better insight into the progression and management of such diseases.},
}

@article {pmid39335455,
year = {2024},
author = {Compeer, B and Neijzen, TR and van Lelyveld, SFL and Martina, BEE and Russell, CA and Goeijenbier, M},
title = {Uncovering the Contrasts and Connections in PASC: Viral Load and Cytokine Signatures in Acute COVID-19 versus Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC).},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39335455},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {The recent global COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound and enduring impact, resulting in substantial loss of life. The scientific community has responded unprecedentedly by investigating various aspects of the crisis, particularly focusing on the acute phase of COVID-19. The roles of the viral load, cytokines, and chemokines during the acute phase and in the context of patients who experienced enduring symptoms upon infection, so called Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 or PASC, have been studied extensively. Here, in this review, we offer a virologist's perspective on PASC, highlighting the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, cytokines, and chemokines in different organs of patients across the full clinical spectrum of acute-phase disease. We underline that the probability of severe or critical disease progression correlates with increased viral load levels detected in the upper respiratory tract (URT), lower respiratory tract (LRT), and plasma. Acute-phase viremia is a clear, although not unambiguous, predictor of PASC development. Moreover, both the quantity and diversity of functions of cytokines and chemokines increase with acute-phase disease severity. Specific cytokines remain or become elevated in the PASC phase, although the driving factor of ongoing inflammation found in patients with PASC remains to be investigated. The key findings highlighted in this review contribute to a further understanding of PASC and their differences and overlap with acute disease.},
}

@article {pmid39335032,
year = {2024},
author = {Soleymani, F and Pérez-Albacete Martínez, C and Makiabadi, M and Maté Sánchez de Val, JE},
title = {Mapping Worldwide Antibiotic Use in Dental Practices: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {39335032},
issn = {2079-6382},
abstract = {Antibiotic resistance is a critical issue today, necessitating the monitoring of antibiotic usage across various sectors. To determine the defined daily doses (DDDs) of antibiotics prescribed by dentists globally, a comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost, resulting in the inclusion of 15 documents in this scoping review. The DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) for oral antibiotics prescribed by dentists for the studied countries was generally below 2.11, with the exception of South Korea, which had a DDD per 1000 patients per day (DPD) of less than 6.97. Most countries, except Croatia and Belgium, demonstrated a decreasing trend in DID before the COVID-19 pandemic, but restrictions during the pandemic led to an increase in these numbers. Penicillin-derived antibiotics were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic among dentists in most countries. This study highlights significant gaps and missing data regarding antibiotics prescribed by dentists worldwide. However, it also indicates that the publication of guidelines, education, and evaluation of antibiotic use can lead to more controlled and appropriate prescriptions among dental professionals.},
}