@article {pmid40266112,
year = {2025},
author = {Wong, J and Gill, C and Abdo, A and Eisa, A},
title = {The Influence of Financial Incentives on Vaccination Hesitancy: A Narrative Review of Recent Research.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines13030256},
pmid = {40266112},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vaccine hesitancy represents a significant global health challenge that greatly hinders public health efforts focused on managing the transmission of infectious diseases. A wealth of original research conducted worldwide has examined various incentives that could help alleviate vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination rates. Although some findings are conflicting, no comprehensive review has yet assessed the overall effectiveness of these strategies. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by examining how financial incentives influence people's willingness to undergo vaccination.

METHODS: In August 2024, we extensively searched four databases for studies focusing on financial incentives and vaccination rates. Examples of financial incentives included lottery tickets and hypothetical or physical monetary rewards ranging in various amounts depending on the study. We selected nineteen relevant articles from a larger pool and evaluated them for validity and bias.

RESULTS: Around eighty percent of the research focused on COVID-19 vaccines, driven by the ongoing pandemic and the debates surrounding their use. Most of the studies indicated a positive influence of financial incentives on vaccination rates, although they often came with a higher risk of bias. Conversely, several studies suggest that financial incentives do not result in benefits. Instead, they highlight other factors that have a more profound effect on influencing people to undergo vaccination. The remaining studies are inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of financial incentives, concluding the need for further research. The strategies to mitigate these concerns included a combination of legal and monetary incentives.

SUMMARY: The effectiveness of financial incentives in boosting vaccination rates seems to differ significantly based on the region and context. They tend to be more effective in economically disadvantaged developing countries. In contrast, in developed nations, they may be ineffective or counterproductive due to various confounding factors such as financial background, lack of trust in the healthcare system, and/or lack of patient education. In resource-rich areas, educational programs often yield better results, and addressing widespread mistrust in healthcare systems and governmental policies through transparency is essential. Ultimately, employing tailored incentives alongside public education could enhance vaccination acceptance, particularly in culturally diverse countries like the United States, where understanding community preferences is crucial.},
}

@article {pmid40266109,
year = {2025},
author = {Inauen, J and LaBroome, S and Maldari, A and Stevens, NE and Geake, JB and Lynn, DJ and Barry, S},
title = {Efficacy of Bacille Calmette-Guérin Against COVID-19 Hospitalisation: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Randomised Control Trials.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines13030267},
pmid = {40266109},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The BCG vaccine has long been hypothesised to have non-specific protective effects, and early epidemiological studies on COVID-19 suggested a possible protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the effect of the BCG vaccine on preventing severe COVID-19 disease, based on the rate of hospitalisation for COVID-19 related disease.

METHODS: We performed a literature search of randomised control trials comparing BCG vaccine to placebo in adult participants using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. A random effects model was used to generate summary estimates. Risk of bias was assessed regarding randomisation, allocation sequence concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other biases.

RESULTS: We included 11 studies involving 18,412 participants, reporting COVID-19 incidence. The hospitalisation rate was sought from the authors of papers that did not report on this statistic. There was no significant reduction in COVID-19-related hospitalisation across all studies (relative risk 0.85, 0.51-1.40, p = 0.335), COVID-19 incidence across all studies (relative risk 1.07, 0.94-1.21, p = 0.264), deaths reported in six studies (relative risk 0.67, 0.36-1.26, p = 0.733), and COVID-19-related critical care admissions reported in four studies (relative risk 0.43, 0.13-1.46, p = 0.746).

CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this meta-analysis, involving a large number of participants, suggest no protective effect of BCG vaccination against severe COVID-19 outcomes or overall SARS-CoV-2 incidence. Further research may be needed to explore the potential non-specific effects of BCG vaccination in other specific populations and against other infections.},
}

@article {pmid40266105,
year = {2025},
author = {Fousseni, S and Ngangue, P and Barro, A and Ramde, SW and Bihina, LT and Ngoufack, MN and Bayoulou, S and Kiki, GM and Salfo, O},
title = {Navigating the Road to Immunization Equity: Systematic Review of Challenges in Introducing New Vaccines into Sub-Saharan Africa's Health Systems.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines13030269},
pmid = {40266105},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Over the past 50 years, developing new vaccines has been pivotal in responding to emerging and re-emerging diseases globally. However, despite substantial partner support, introducing new vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa remains challenging. This systematic review documents the barriers to new vaccine introduction in sub-Saharan Africa by distinguishing between vaccines integrated into routine immunization programs and those introduced primarily for outbreak response. Methods: A comprehensive electronic search was conducted across five databases for articles published in English or French on the challenges of new vaccine introduction in sub-Saharan Africa. Three reviewers screened articles independently based on the titles and abstracts, with full-text assessments conducted for inclusion. Data were analyzed thematically and synthesized narratively. Results: A total of 796 articles were retrieved from the five databases. Following the screening, 33 articles were finally retained and included in the review. These articles concerned the introduction of eight new vaccines (malaria vaccine, COVID-19 vaccine, HPV vaccine, Ebola vaccine, cholera vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, and typhoid vaccine). The analyses revealed coordination and financing challenges for six vaccines in seventeen countries, acceptability challenges for five vaccines in ten countries, logistical challenges for two vaccines in six countries, and quality service delivery challenges for three vaccines in thirteen countries. Conclusions: Addressing the challenges of introducing new vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa requires targeted, evidence-based strategies. Prioritizing political commitment, innovative funding, public education, workforce development, and infrastructure improvements will strengthen immunization systems and enable timely vaccine delivery. Collaborative efforts and a focus on local context can advance equitable health outcomes, safeguard public health, and support global immunization goals.},
}

@article {pmid40266071,
year = {2025},
author = {Kwok, WC and Wong, JC and Cheung, A and Tam, TC},
title = {Vaccination in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines13030218},
pmid = {40266071},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often exacerbated by various viruses and bacteria, leading to acute episodes of worsening respiratory symptoms, which contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality associated with COPD. Consequently, vaccination against these pathogens is recommended by numerous guidelines to safeguard COPD patients from adverse health outcomes. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recommendation advocates for vaccination against influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2), pertussis, and varicella zoster. This review article will examine the current vaccination strategies recommended for adult COPD patients and will discuss the clinical benefits associated with these vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid40265842,
year = {2025},
author = {Matthews, L and Cook, J and Stephan, R and Milacic, M and Rothfels, K and Shamovsky, V and Jassal, B and Haw, R and Sevilla, C and Gong, C and Ragueneau, E and May, B and Wright, A and Weiser, J and Beavers, D and Tiwari, K and Senff-Ribeiro, A and Varusai, T and Hermjakob, H and D'Eustachio, P and Wu, G and Stein, L and Gillespie, ME},
title = {Advancing curation of viral life cycles, host interactions, and therapeutics in Reactome.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0202424},
doi = {10.1128/jvi.02024-24},
pmid = {40265842},
issn = {1098-5514},
abstract = {Reactome (reactome.org) is a manually curated, peer-reviewed, open-source, open-access pathway knowledgebase of essential human cellular functions. Reactome includes viral life cycles that capture a broad range of virus-induced human pathology. Here, we describe a workflow using collaborative curation strategies, orthoinference procedures, and literature triage to rapidly create reliable molecular models of emergent viruses. The resulting pathway data set rigorously details viral infection pathways, interactions with normal human biological processes, and potential therapeutic compounds.},
}

@article {pmid40265383,
year = {2025},
author = {Contractor, JB and Radha, V and Shah, K and Singh, P and Tadepalli, S and Nimbalkar, S and Mohan, V and Shah, P},
title = {Congenital Hyperinsulinism India Association: An Approach to Address the Challenges and Opportunities of a Rare Disease.},
journal = {Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/medsci13020037},
pmid = {40265383},
issn = {2076-3271},
mesh = {Humans ; India/epidemiology ; *Congenital Hyperinsulinism/genetics/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy ; *Rare Diseases/epidemiology/genetics/therapy/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {India's population complexity presents varied challenges in genetic research, and while facilities have gained traction in tier-1 and -2 cities, reliance on international collaborations often delays such investigations. COVID-19 further exacerbated the issues with such sample sharing. Congenital Hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare genetic disorder of pancreatic β-cells causing hypoglycaemia in children due to abnormal insulin secretion. Given India's high birth rate and consanguineous populations, annual CHI cases are estimated to be around up to 10,000, with up to 50% having unexplained genetic causes. Diffuse or atypical lesions in such patients often necessitate near-total-pancreatectomy, risking pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and diabetes, requiring lifelong therapy. Also, novel genetic variations complicate accurate diagnosis, risk assessment, and counselling, emphasising the need for rapid genetic assessment to prevent neurological injuries and inform treatment decisions. Despite significant efforts at many institutes, there are no dedicated organisations for CHI in India. With the implementation of the National Policy for Rare Diseases 2021, we plan to form a non-profit organisation, "Congenital Hyperinsulinism India Association (CHIA)", comprising paediatric endocrinologists, paediatricians, geneticists, and independent researchers. The aims of this association are to generate a national database registry of patients, formulate a parent support group and CHIA consortium, design patient information leaflets, as well as foster genomic collaborations and promote clinical trials. Such steps will help sensitise the health authorities and policy makers, urging them to improve the allocation of health budgets for rare diseases, as well as empower patients and their families, contributing towards a better quality of life.},
}

Humans
India/epidemiology
*Congenital Hyperinsulinism/genetics/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy
*Rare Diseases/epidemiology/genetics/therapy/diagnosis

@article {pmid40265202,
year = {2025},
author = {Lau, MPXL and Ling, RR and Ong, BJA and Cho, HJ and Jeong, IS and Sahoo, TK and Chua, HR and Shekar, K and Ramanathan, K},
title = {Kidney replacement therapy during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: pathophysiology, technical considerations, and outcomes.},
journal = {Renal failure},
volume = {47},
number = {1},
pages = {2486557},
doi = {10.1080/0886022X.2025.2486557},
pmid = {40265202},
issn = {1525-6049},
mesh = {Humans ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods/adverse effects ; *Acute Kidney Injury/therapy/physiopathology/etiology ; *Renal Replacement Therapy/methods ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been increasing over time, in part due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Whilst lifesaving, complications that must be managed are also associated with its use. AKI and fluid overload are complications of concern due to their associations with poor outcomes, and ability to be managed by additional interventions such as the use of kidney replacement therapy. Various modalities, timings, and types of kidney replacement therapy are currently being used and outcomes regarding its concurrent use with extracorporeal membranous oxygenation across centers may be mixed. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of AKI, methods, modalities and impact of concurrent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and kidney replacement therapy.},
}

Humans
*Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods/adverse effects
*Acute Kidney Injury/therapy/physiopathology/etiology
*Renal Replacement Therapy/methods
*COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid40265016,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, D and Peng, J and Zhu, Y and Gong, Q and Wang, Q and Xiang, C and Du, H and Hu, X},
title = {Mapping the research landscape of PET/CT in lymphoma: insights from a bibliometric analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1513296},
pmid = {40265016},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends in Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) applications for lymphoma, aiming to identify key contributors, emerging topics, and collaboration patterns within the field.

METHODS: Data from the Web of Science Core Collection (2004-2024) were analyzed. Original articles and reviews in English on PET/CT in lymphoma staging, response assessment, or prognosis were included, while case reports, meeting abstracts, and editorials were excluded. Using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix R, we evaluated country/institutional contributions, co-citation networks, keyword trends, and employed linear regression for trend forecasting.

RESULTS: A total of 2,962 papers related to PET/CT and lymphoma were published during the study period. The annual publication volume increased significantly, peaking in 2021 with 281 papers, followed by a decline to 260 in 2023, potentially linked to COVID-19-related research disruptions. The United States and China led in publication volume, contributing over 40% of global publications. Leading institutions included UNICANCER and Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris. Influential authors such as Sally F. Barrington and Michel Meignan were identified. The European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging and the Journal of Nuclear Medicine were the top journals in this field. Key research themes included staging, response assessment, prognosis, and the role of PET/CT in personalized treatment approaches.

CONCLUSION: This bibliometric analysis highlights the significant growth and evolving trends in PET/CT research for lymphoma. The findings underscore the critical role of PET/CT in advancing precision medicine, informing future research directions, and optimizing clinical practices in lymphoma management.},
}

@article {pmid40264303,
year = {2025},
author = {Healy, L and Seto, BY and Cui, H and Li, B},
title = {Non-viral mRNA delivery to the lungs.},
journal = {Biomaterials science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d5bm00322a},
pmid = {40264303},
issn = {2047-4849},
abstract = {The rapid advancement of mRNA therapeutics, exemplified by COVID-19 vaccines, underscores the transformative potential of non-viral delivery systems. However, achieving efficient and targeted mRNA delivery to the lungs remains a critical challenge due to biological barriers such as pulmonary mucus, nanoparticle instability, and off-target accumulation particularly in the liver. Addressing these challenges is crucial for advancing treatments for respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, and lung cancers. This review highlights emerging strategies to enhance lung-targeted mRNA delivery, focusing on lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrids, and peptide/protein conjugates. By discussing advances in bioinspired design and nanoparticle reformulation, this review provides a roadmap for overcoming current delivery limitations and accelerating the clinical translation of lung-targeted mRNA therapies.},
}

@article {pmid40263685,
year = {2025},
author = {Poudineh, M and Amirbeik, A and Firouzabadi, MD and Hajizadeh, M and Kahe, F and Babaniamansour, S and Poopak, A and Tajrishi, FZ and Deravi, N and Rahmanian, M and Ghasemirad, H and Malek, M and Noroozi, M and Fathi, M and Keylani, K and Firouzabadi, AD and Abbasabad, GD and Yazdanian, F and Ramezanpour, S and Babaniamansour, A and Tajrishi, FZ and Mohammadi, S and Ansari, G and Firouzabadi, FD and Yousem, DM},
title = {Olfactory and Gustatory Recovery Time Evaluation of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Acta medica Indonesiana},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {18-43},
pmid = {40263685},
issn = {2338-2732},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Olfaction Disorders/virology/etiology ; *Taste Disorders/virology/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Recovery of Function ; Pandemics ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction is a common symptom of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the recovery rate and duration of these symptoms in COVID-19patients.

METHODS: This systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed and Google Scholar from April 1st, 2020, until October 1st, 2022, using the terms ''COVID-19'' OR ''COV-2,'' OR ''Coronavirus 2'' OR coronavirus AND ''loss of smell'' OR Anosmia OR Hyposmia OR olfaction OR ''olfactory loss'' AND ageusia OR Hypogeusia OR dysgeusia OR ''gustatory loss'' OR gustation OR ''loss of taste''. The references of included studies were also manually screened. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed.

RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-five studies with test-confirmed COVID-19 infection from 31 countries were included. 62 publications which reported data on loss of taste were used to estimate patients' recovery rate in 13700 COVID-19 patients. Accordingly, the time to recovery of loss of taste among COVID-19 patients ranged from 2±0.352 to 43.6 ± 28.5 days. The estimated overall pooled recovery rate of loss of taste among COVID-19 patients was 74%. The estimated overall pooled time to recover loss of taste among COVID-19 patients was 11.44 days [95% CI 8.11, 14.77(]. 90 publications which reported data on loss of smell were used to estimate patients' recovery rate in 20027 COVID-19 patients. Accordingly, the time to recover the loss of smell among COVID-19 patients ranged from 2.44±0.352 to 31.9 ± 30.7 days The estimated overall pooled recovery rate of loss of smell among COVID-19 patients was 72%. The estimated overall pooled time to recover loss of smell among COVID-19 patients was 12.87 days [95% CI)1011, 15.64(].

CONCLUSION: The recovery rate of loss of smell and taste among COVID-19 patients was high globally, and time to recovery of loss of smell and taste among COVID-19 patients usually was less than 2 weeks; regional differences supported the relevance of these symptoms as important markers. Health workers must consider smell and taste symptoms as suspicion indices for the empirical diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and reassure patients with their high recovery rate in a short period of time.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
*Olfaction Disorders/virology/etiology
*Taste Disorders/virology/etiology
SARS-CoV-2
Recovery of Function
Pandemics
Time Factors

@article {pmid40261365,
year = {2025},
author = {Voderholzer, U and Naab, S and Cuntz, U and Schlegl, S},
title = {[Anorexia nervosa-An update. German version].},
journal = {Der Nervenarzt},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40261365},
issn = {1433-0407},
abstract = {Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder with the highest mortality rate among eating disorders. It predominantly affects adolescents and young adults, with a significant increase in prevalence among adolescents observed since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is frequently associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders as well as numerous physical complications. An early diagnosis and treatment are associated with better outcomes. The treatment of choice for AN includes cognitive behavioral therapy and family-based therapy for children and adolescents. Innovative treatment approaches, such as home treatment and technology-based interventions, have shown promising preliminary results. With the exception of moderate evidence supporting the use of olanzapine regarding weight gain, there is currently no evidence for the efficacy of psychopharmacotherapy in AN. Future research should focus on prevention, early detection and intervention, relapse prevention, personalized treatment approaches, management of comorbid disorders, long-term studies and the influence of psychosocial factors.},
}

@article {pmid40260163,
year = {2025},
author = {Vink, K and Kusters, J and Wallinga, J},
title = {Chrono-optimizing vaccine administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1516523},
pmid = {40260163},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunization Schedule ; *Vaccination/methods ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Time Factors ; Female ; Aged ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that vaccine responses may vary based on the time of day of administration. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of vaccination timing on immune responses, to assess its potential role in optimizing vaccination programs.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed in Embase, Medline and Scopus to identify eligible observational studies and clinical trials that assessed immune responses following vaccination at different times of the day in humans. A meta-analysis of clinical trials was conducted to quantify the effect size of vaccination timing on antibody responses.

RESULTS: The search identified 17 studies that compared vaccine responses at different times of the day, covering vaccinations against COVID-19 (9), influenza (5), hepatitis B (2), hepatitis A (1), and pneumococcal infection (1). Eleven out of these 17 studies demonstrated statistically significant effects of vaccination timing on the antibody response, with 10 reporting stronger antibody responses following morning compared to afternoon vaccination. Of the six subgroups with an average age of 60 years and older, five showed significantly stronger antibody responses following morning vaccination, while the sixth showed a significant effect only in men. In contrast, only five out of 16 subgroups with an average age younger than 60 years showed a statistically significant effect of vaccination timing on antibody titers. Similarly, the meta-analysis indicated that receiving influenza vaccination in the morning elicited a stronger antibody response than in the afternoon (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.01-0.47), with subgroup analyses revealing a larger effect in adults aged 65 and older (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.21-0.43) compared to those aged 60 or younger (SMD = 0.00, 95% CI = -0.17-0.17).

CONCLUSION: Morning vaccination enhanced antibody responses in adults aged 60 years and older, a key demographic for influenza and COVID-19 vaccination. Chrono-optimizing vaccine administration may offer a low-risk, low-cost strategy to boost vaccine effectiveness in this age group.

https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2025-1-0060/.},
}

Humans
*Immunization Schedule
*Vaccination/methods
COVID-19/prevention & control
Male
Middle Aged
Time Factors
Female
Aged
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage

@article {pmid40260091,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, W and Liu, X and Kang, S and Yuan, Y},
title = {Low vitamin K status is a potential risk factor for COVID-19 infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in nutrition},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1476622},
pmid = {40260091},
issn = {2296-861X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To provide further data support for the treatment of COVID-19 by conducting a comprehensive analysis of reports on dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated Matrix Gla Protein (dp-ucMGP), which detects the functional vitamin K status post COVID-19 infection, using meta-analysis.

METHODS: This study conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of relevant research on dp-ucMGP detection in patients infected with COVID-19 through meta-analysis. The article collection period ranged from January 2024 to April 2024.

RESULTS: A total of 6 articles were included in this study. Baseline data analysis showed that the age of patients in the COVID-19 infected group was greater than that of the non-infected control group (p = 0.030); similarly, the age of patients in the severe infection group was also greater than that of the mild infection group (p = 0.003). In the analysis of underlying diseases, statistical differences were found between the Severe group and Mild group in the presence of CVD (p = 0.010). A total of 5 studies conducted dp-ucMGP detection in both the COVID-19 infected group and the control group. The results showed that the expression of dp-ucMGP was higher in the infected group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the expression of dp-ucMGP in the severe infection group was also higher than that in the mild infection group (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 infected patients exhibit Low Vitamin K Status, which correlates positively with the severity of infection. Supplementation of vitamin K during COVID-19 infection may potentially mitigate the progression toward severe infection, necessitating further support from clinical data.},
}

@article {pmid40259889,
year = {2025},
author = {Fonseca, WT and Parra Vello, T and Lelis, GC and Ferreira Deleigo, AV and Takahira, RK and Martinez, DST and de Oliveira, RF},
title = {Chemical Sensors and Biosensors for Point-of-Care Testing of Pets: Opportunities for Individualized Diagnostics of Companion Animals.},
journal = {ACS sensors},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acssensors.4c03664},
pmid = {40259889},
issn = {2379-3694},
abstract = {Point-of-care testing (POCT) is recognized as one of the most disruptive medical technologies for rapid and decentralized diagnostics. Successful commercial examples include portable glucose meters, pregnancy tests, and COVID-19 self-tests. However, compared to advancements in human healthcare, POCT technologies for companion animals (pets) remain significantly underdeveloped. This Review explores the latest advancements in pet POCT and examines the challenges and opportunities in the field for individualized diagnostics of cats and dogs. The most frequent diseases and their respective biomarkers in blood, urine, and saliva are discussed. We examine key strategies for developing the next-generation POCT devices by harnessing the potential of selective (bio)receptors and high-performing transducers such as lateral flow tests and electrochemical (bio)sensors. We also present the most recent research initiatives and the successful commercial pet POCT technologies. We discuss future trends in the field, such the role of biomarker discovery and development of wearable, implantable, and breath sensors. We believe that advancing pet POCT technologies benefits not only animals but also humans and the environment, supporting the One Health approach.},
}

@article {pmid40259874,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, X and Gao, H and Zhang, J and Zhan, P and Liu, X},
title = {A patent review of anti-coronavirus agents targeting the spike-ACE2 interaction (2019-present).},
journal = {Expert opinion on therapeutic patents},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/13543776.2025.2494860},
pmid = {40259874},
issn = {1744-7674},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, crucial for coronavirus recognition of host cells, is a key target for therapeutic intervention against SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses. Therefore, thoroughly investigating the interaction mechanism between ACE2 and the Spike protein (S protein), as well as developing targeted inhibitors based on this mechanism, is vital for effectively controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and preventing potential future pandemics caused by other coronaviruses.

AREAS COVERED: This article comprehensively reviews the mechanisms underlying ACE2-S protein interaction that facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. It also analyzes the patent landscape regarding inhibitors targeting the ACE2-S interface since 2019.

EXPERT OPINION: In the five years since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, numerous methods and design strategies have been employed to develop innovative therapeutics against coronaviruses. Among these approaches, inhibitors targeting both the ACE2 receptor and the S protein have gained significant interest due to their potential in blocking various coronaviruses. Despite facing challenges similar to other protein-protein interaction inhibitors, progress has been made in developing these inhibitors through virtual screening, covalent protein binding, and peptide modification strategies. However, obstacles persist in clinical translation, necessitating a multidisciplinary strategy that integrates state-of-the-art methodologies to optimize S-ACE2 interface-targeted drug discovery.},
}

@article {pmid40259865,
year = {2025},
author = {Bjorvatn, B and Merikanto, I and Chung, F and Holzinger, B and Morin, CM and Penzel, T and De Gennaro, L and Dauvilliers, Y and Wing, YK and Benedict, C and Xue, P and Reis, C and Korman, M and Landtblom, AM and Matsui, K and Hrubos-Strøm, H and Mota-Rolim, S and Nadorff, MR and Berezin, L and Sarkanen, T and Liu, Y and Scarpelli, S and Brandao, LEM and Cedernaes, J and Fränkl, EC and Partinen, E and Bolstad, CJ and Plazzi, G and Partinen, M and Espie, CA},
title = {Sleep During Pandemic Times: Summary of Findings and Future Outlook Through the Lens of the International COVID Sleep Study (ICOSS).},
journal = {Journal of sleep research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70076},
doi = {10.1111/jsr.70076},
pmid = {40259865},
issn = {1365-2869},
abstract = {To study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep and circadian rhythms-two fundamental pillars for health-the collaboration International COVID-19 Sleep Study (ICOSS) was established. The present overview comprehensively discusses the findings from this collaboration. Involving sleep researchers across the globe, ICOSS used a harmonised questionnaire to cover changes in sleep and sleep disorders, as well as physical and mental health. Two survey waves were conducted, one in 2020 and another one in 2021. In ICOSS-1, a total of 26,539 people from 14 countries across four continents (Europe, Asia, North and South America) participated. In ICOSS-2, two more countries joined ICOSS, and 15,813 people participated. The focus in ICOSS-2 was on Long COVID. Participants accessed the widely disseminated online surveys in their native language. In the 20 papers published so far, the surveys have uncovered several novel findings, including how the pandemic impacted sleep patterns, the prevalence of sleep disorders, chronotype-based differences and sleep-immune system interactions. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other large-scale multinational study targeting the general population investigating the role of sleep and sleep disorders alongside a variety of psychological, biological, social and economic factors during the recent COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid40259707,
year = {2025},
author = {Sajid, M and Ali, D and Qureshi, S and Ahmad, R and Sajjad, A and Waqas, SA and Ahmed, R and Collins, P},
title = {Trends and Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction-Related Mortality Among U.S. Adults With Hypertension, 2000-2023.},
journal = {Clinical cardiology},
volume = {48},
number = {4},
pages = {e70129},
doi = {10.1002/clc.70129},
pmid = {40259707},
issn = {1932-8737},
support = {//The authors received no specific funding for this work./ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Hypertension/mortality/complications/ethnology/diagnosis ; Male ; United States/epidemiology ; Female ; *Myocardial Infarction/mortality/ethnology ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Risk Factors ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Status Disparities ; *Healthcare Disparities ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a major public health concern and a key risk factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), significantly contributing to cardiovascular mortality. Despite advancements in management and treatment, trends in associated mortality remain underexplored.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines U.S. national trends in hypertension- and AMI-associated mortality from 2000 to 2023, focusing on demographics and regions.

METHODS: Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 for adults aged ≥ 25 with hypertension and AMI were extracted from the CDC WONDER database. Annual percent changes (APCs) and average APCs (AAPCs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, stratified by year, sex, race/ethnicity, age, urbanization, and Census region.

RESULTS: From 2000 to 2023, 933,024 hypertension- and AMI-related deaths were recorded. Overall, AAMR declined from 19.84 per 100,000 in 2000 to 16.26 in 2023 (AAPC: -0.93%, 95% CI: -1.18% to -0.76%). However, a sharp rise in mortality occurred between 2018 and 2021, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Stratified analyses revealed persistently higher mortality rates among menmen, non-Hispanic BlackBlack individuals, and residents of the Southern and rural U.S. regions. Younger adults showed an increasing AAMR trend, indicating a growing burden of hypertension and AMI-associated disease.

CONCLUSION: While long-term mortality trends show a decline, recent years have seen a rise, particularly among high-risk groups. Targeted public health interventions addressing hypertension management, cardiovascular risk reduction, and healthcare disparities are essential to mitigate the ongoing burden of hypertension and AMI mortality in the U.S.},
}

Humans
*Hypertension/mortality/complications/ethnology/diagnosis
Male
United States/epidemiology
Female
*Myocardial Infarction/mortality/ethnology
Middle Aged
Aged
Adult
Risk Factors
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Health Status Disparities
*Healthcare Disparities

@article {pmid40259563,
year = {2025},
author = {Cornish, F and Sabaine, B and Soares, L and Caldas, B and Portela, MC and Bousquat, A and Aveling, EL},
title = {The erasure of infection-associated chronic conditions: Critical interpretive synthesis of literature on healthcare for long COVID and related conditions in Brazil.},
journal = {Global public health},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {2490720},
doi = {10.1080/17441692.2025.2490720},
pmid = {40259563},
issn = {1744-1706},
mesh = {Humans ; Brazil/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy/complications ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Delivery of Health Care ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; },
abstract = {Evidence is emerging that long COVID is at least as prevalent in the Global South as the Global North, but literature on long COVID healthcare in the Global South is in its infancy. Brazil is seeing significant levels of debility due to long COVID but a limited national evidence-base. long COVID shares symptomatology and appropriate care with a wider category of infection-associated chronic conditions (IACCs). This article reviews literature published between 2000 and 2023 addressing healthcare for long COVID and IACCs in Brazil, in the interest of exploring challenges and opportunities for the SUS (Brazil's universal health system) to offer appropriate long COVID healthcare. We find that long COVID and IACCs collectively are subject to erasure from Brazilian healthcare knowledge, through lack of expertise, a resource-limited health system prioritising urgent care, and the concentration of poor health in marginalised populations with limited decision-making power. A nascent intellectual will to address long COVID, and a tradition of social participation in healthcare governance present potential opportunities. We call for ignition of a global step-change in tackling healthcare for long COVID and IACCs. Global equity in long COVID healthcare requires the development and sharing of expertise regarding its universal and context-specific features.},
}

Humans
Brazil/epidemiology
*COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy/complications
Chronic Disease/epidemiology/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
*Delivery of Health Care
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

@article {pmid40258740,
year = {2025},
author = {Semnani, K and Esmaeili, S},
title = {Nuances in the global impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis control efforts: An updated review.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {104},
number = {16},
pages = {e42195},
pmid = {40258740},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Tuberculosis/epidemiology/prevention & control/diagnosis ; Global Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has affected public health systems in an unprecedented manner. There has been an abundance of discussion regarding the possible effects of the pandemic in disruption of health services aiming at tuberculosis (TB) infection control - including hindered screening efforts and delays in diagnosis and treatment. The pandemic has also been proposed to affect TB transmission via lifestyle modifications. Moreover, some research has suggested a more direct link between COVID-19 infection and increased TB morbidity and mortality. The authors conducted a narrative review of the relevant literature. Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Reports of impaired TB case-notification were ubiquitous during the early stages of the pandemic. Subsequently, divergent patterns emerged: recovery and decreased TB incidence in countries with stringent public health measures, low local transmission of TB, and resilient health systems; or devastating results from TB underdiagnosis and delayed treatment in countries with high TB burden, limited COVID-19 control measures, and public health funding. Few studies quantified the effects of TB and COVID-19 co-infection - and the possible role of COVID-19 infection in reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) remains ambiguous. Despite the lapse of the COVID-19 pandemic, its effects on TB control efforts perseverate. Particularly, great care is warranted for recovery of impacted healthcare systems in low-income countries.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Tuberculosis/epidemiology/prevention & control/diagnosis
Global Health
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics

@article {pmid40258634,
year = {2025},
author = {Barry, K and Fernández-García, S and Khashaba, A and Ruiz-Calvo, G and Roncal Redin, M and Mahmoud, G and Yap, M and King, Y and Zhou, D and Mamey, M and Shepherd-Evans, I and Sheikh, J and Lawson, H and Kew, T and Ansari, K and Attarde, S and Banjoko, A and Fraser, H and Littmoden, M and Rajah, T and Walker, K and O'Donoghue, K and van Wely, M and van Leeuwen, E and Kostova, E and Kunst, H and Khalil, A and Brizuela, V and Kara, E and Kim, CR and Thorson, A and Oladapo, OT and Mofenson, L and Bonet, M and Zamora, J and Allotey, J and Thangaratinam, S and , },
title = {Global maternal mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2024-015815},
pmid = {40258634},
issn = {2059-7908},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality ; Female ; *Maternal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/mortality ; *Global Health/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Cause of Death ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pregnant and recently pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at increased risk of death and serious complications than those without the infection. The extent of variation in mortality rates in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection across regions, and the causes of death are not known. We systematically reviewed all available evidence on the variation in mortality rates in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection across geographical and country income groups, and the reported cause of death.

METHODS: We searched major databases (December 2019-January 2023) including Medline, LILACS, BIREME and Embase. We included studies that reported deaths in at least 10 consecutive pregnant or recently pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and assessed the studies' risk of bias. We calculated the summary estimates of any cause of death as proportions with 95% CIs using a multilevel random-effects logistic regression model. Subgroup analyses were performed by geographical region and country income groups. We used International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-Maternal Mortality to categorise the reported cause of death.

FINDINGS: From 1 326 315 citations, we included 169 studies (319 172 women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection; 4253 women died). The overall rate of unspecified maternal death was 0.87% (95% CI 0.64% to 1.16%). There were significant differences between geographical regions in rates of maternal mortality, with the highest rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (3.48%; 95% CI 0.66% to 16.42%) and Latin America and the Caribbean (3.16%, 95% CI 1.53% to 6.43%). Rates of maternal mortality varied by country income groups, with the highest rates in low-income countries (4.66%, 95% CI 0.75% to 24.07%). Among women with reported cause of death, 98.6% (2,390/2,423) of deaths were attributable to COVID-19.

INTERPRETATION: Rates of deaths in pregnant and recently pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection vary significantly across regions and by country income groups, with the highest burden in Sub-Saharan Africa and low-income countries. COVID-19 is the main reported cause of death.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020224120.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/mortality
Female
*Maternal Mortality
Pregnancy
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/mortality
*Global Health/statistics & numerical data
SARS-CoV-2
Cause of Death

@article {pmid40254504,
year = {2025},
author = {Aboelzahab, YH and McCracken, A and Abdoulrezzak, R and Naguib, S and McLean, M and Tricco, AC and Pinto, AD and McCarthy, LM and Dolovich, L},
title = {Virtual care in community pharmacy services: a scoping review.},
journal = {Research in social & administrative pharmacy : RSAP},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.066},
pmid = {40254504},
issn = {1934-8150},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The integration of virtual care has been essential for maintaining continuity of patient care during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Community pharmacists were among the healthcare professionals who used virtual care to provide remote pharmacy services. However, the use of virtual care in community pharmacy has not been comprehensively reviewed.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the types of virtual care platforms used in community pharmacy, their purposes, barriers, and facilitators, and to identify strategies for optimizing virtual care in this setting.

METHODS: The scoping review followed Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify studies across MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, and grey literature sources. Two levels of screening were performed, and data were extracted using a pre-specified form. The data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis, and the PRISMA-ScR was used to report the results.

RESULTS: A total of 3580 citations were assessed and 32 studies were included in the review. The qualitative data were summarized into five categories: (1) virtual care tools and technologies used in community pharmacy, (2) purpose of virtual care, (3) barriers to using virtual care, (4) facilitators of virtual care adoption, and (5) strategies to optimize virtual care use.

CONCLUSION: Virtual care in community pharmacy showed promise in enhancing pharmacy services. Despite operational barriers and inequities in access, facilitators such as adequate training and technological advancements supported its implementation. Future efforts should address these challenges and refine virtual care for broader and equitable integration.},
}

@article {pmid40254311,
year = {2025},
author = {Andersen-Waine, B and Keene, CM and Dickinson, S and Naidoo, R and Ferguson-Lewis, A and Polner, A and Amswych, M and White, L and Molyneux, S and Wanat, M and , },
title = {Influence of context on engagement with COVID-19 testing: a scoping review of barriers and facilitators to testing for healthcare workers, care homes and schools in the UK.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {e089062},
pmid = {40254311},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Testing ; *Schools ; *Nursing Homes ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The UK government's response to the COVID-19 pandemic included a 'test, trace and isolate' strategy. Testing services for healthcare workers, care homes and schools accounted for the greatest spend and volume of tests. We reviewed relevant literature to identify common and unique barriers and facilitators to engaging with each of these testing services.

DESIGN: Scoping review.

SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed, Scopus and the WHO COVID-19 Research Database were searched for evidence published between 1 January 2020 and 7 November 2022. This was supplemented by evidence identified via free-text searches on Google Scholar and provided by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA).

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were extracted by a team of reviewers and synthesised thematically under the broad headings of perceptions, experiences, barriers and facilitators to engaging with the COVID-19 testing programme.

RESULTS: This study included 40 sources, including 17 from projects that informed UKHSA's decisions during the pandemic. Eight themes emerged and were used to categorise barriers and facilitators to engaging with the testing services for healthcare workers, care homes and schools: (1) perceived value, (2) trust in the tests and public bodies, (3) importance of infrastructure, (4) impact of media and social networks, (5) physical burden of the test, (6) perceived capability to undertake testing, (7) importance of relevant information and 8) consequences of testing.

CONCLUSIONS: Universal barriers and facilitators to engagement with the testing programme related to the core elements of each testing service, such as uncomfortable specimen collection and the influence of media and peers; these could be mitigated or leveraged to increase engagement across settings. However, the individuals involved, perceptions of value and available resources differed across services, leading to unique experiences between settings. Thus, consideration of context is crucial when designing and implementing a testing programme in response to a pandemic.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology
United Kingdom/epidemiology
*Health Personnel
SARS-CoV-2
*COVID-19 Testing
*Schools
*Nursing Homes

@article {pmid40254131,
year = {2025},
author = {Mayer, MG and Fischer, T},
title = {Shared Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in COVID-19 and Alzheimer's Disease.},
journal = {The American journal of pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajpath.2025.03.011},
pmid = {40254131},
issn = {1525-2191},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has highlighted the virus's impact on the central nervous system (CNS) and its potential to exacerbate neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Emerging evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection contributes to chronic neuroinflammation, a key driver in the etiopathogenesis of AD. Shared mechanisms, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and activation of immune pathways, may link SARS-CoV-2 infection to AD onset and/or progression, particularly among vulnerable individuals, such as those of advanced age. This review explores convergent pathways involving the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), Wnt/β-catenin signaling, NFκB activation, and interferon (IFN) signaling, focusing on their roles in BBB integrity and neuroinflammation. SARS-CoV-2-mediated ACE2 depletion disrupts RAAS homeostasis, favoring proinflammatory signaling that parallels vascular dysfunction in AD. Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling exacerbates BBB permeability, while NFκB and IFN pathways contribute to BBB breakdown and propagate CNS inflammation via endothelial and immune cell activation. These interactions may amplify prodromal AD pathology and/or initiate AD pathogenesis. By identifying mechanistic overlaps between COVID-19 and AD, this review underscores the need for therapeutic strategies targeting shared pathways of inflammation and BBB dysfunction. Understanding these connections is critical for mitigating the long-term neurological sequelae of COVID-19 and reducing the burden of AD.},
}

@article {pmid40250816,
year = {2025},
author = {Zheng, P and Li, G and Chen, Y and Li, S and Yang, S and Guo, D and Zhou, Q and Zhang, X},
title = {Mini review: SHEN26, a novel oral antiviral drug for COVID-19 treatment.},
journal = {Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {130243},
doi = {10.1016/j.bmcl.2025.130243},
pmid = {40250816},
issn = {1464-3405},
abstract = {Over two years into the pandemic, global collaboration led to effective antiviral drugs targeting SARS-CoV-2's RdRp and 3CL protease. However, the virus continues to evolve, and certain low-virulence variants still circulate. Despite reduced virulence, ongoing transmission raises the risk of new mutations, underscoring the need for continued vigilance, research, and expansion of our antiviral and vaccine strategies. Our research team has developed SHEN26, a promising small-molecule antiviral drug for the treatment of COVID-19. This mini-review explores its development, including history, synthesis, preclinical evaluations, and findings from Phase I and II clinical trials. Data from each research phase further underscores SHEN26's potential as a safe and effective oral antiviral treatment for COVID-19, while also emphasizing its broader relevance in combating emerging RNA viral infections.},
}

@article {pmid40249720,
year = {2025},
author = {van Ooij, PJ and van Hulst, RA},
title = {Respiratory fitness for occupational diving, what is new?.},
journal = {Undersea & hyperbaric medicine : journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {33-40},
pmid = {40249720},
issn = {1066-2936},
mesh = {Humans ; *Diving/adverse effects/physiology/standards ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; COVID-19 ; *Occupational Diseases/prevention & control/diagnosis ; Asthma/complications ; Spirometry ; Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {Diving diseases originating from lung-related pathology are not the most prominent but are considered the most severe. To minimize this risk, a good respiratory tract assessment is important. Organizations like the British Thoracic Society (2003) and the European Diving Technology Committee (EDTC) (2004) have provided guidelines regarding this assessment. However, most of the guidelines are 20 years old. The EDTC has revised its guidelines based on the present literature and published it last year. This review discusses a few topics that have changed or are newly introduced in the new EDTC guidelines. Importantly, additional tests might be necessary when assessing the respiratory tract based on history taking and spirometry, leading to a case-by-case decision regarding the fitness to dive. Particular attention should be paid to individuals with large lungs or cysts, those who have undergone thoracic surgery, and those with a history of asthma, immersion pulmonary edema, COVID-19 infection, or sleep apnea.},
}

Humans
*Diving/adverse effects/physiology/standards
Practice Guidelines as Topic
COVID-19
*Occupational Diseases/prevention & control/diagnosis
Asthma/complications
Spirometry
Pulmonary Edema/diagnosis

@article {pmid40249463,
year = {2025},
author = {Papapetrou, I and Swiecicka, A},
title = {The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, presentation, and management of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: a narrative review.},
journal = {Hormones (Athens, Greece)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40249463},
issn = {2520-8721},
abstract = {Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune condition affecting approximately 1.5 million children and adolescents worldwide, with an incidence of approximately 2-3% each year and rising. During the recent COVID-19 pandemic, a significant increase in incidence of T1D in children and adolescents was observed in numerous countries worldwide, with an increased number of newly-diagnosed cases presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis. The increased frequency of T1D presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis has been attributed not only to the SARS-CoV-2 virus itself but also to the restrictions imposed by the pandemic. The shift to telemedicine and unwillingness to seek medical care due to fear of infection contributed to delayed diagnosis and more severe disease presentation. Furthermore, the periods of lockdown that were implemented during the pandemic presented multiple challenges for children and adolescents living with T1D and disrupted the management of their condition. Changes in physical activity and diet as well as shortage of medical supplies during that period have been linked to worsening of glycemic control, which were at least partly offset by increased parental involvement and use of telemedicine.},
}

@article {pmid40248759,
year = {2025},
author = {Gomes Costa, RR and Ramos, BL and Ribeiro Neto, F and Winckler, C},
title = {Tele-exercise in individuals with spinal cord injury: a systematic review.},
journal = {mHealth},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {19},
pmid = {40248759},
issn = {2306-9740},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has seen the emergence of tele-exercise as a mean of remotely providing physical activity. This is particularly crucial given that individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), often engage in lower levels of physical activity due to barriers such as transportation issues and financial limitations. Given the potential the tele-exercise for individuals with SCI, this study aims to characterize research on tele-exercise interventions in this population focusing on the approach (synchronous, asynchronous, or hybrid), platform, intervention details, duration, adherence, outcomes, and improvements.

METHODS: A review was conducted using the Embase, Scopus, and PubMed databases, adhering to the PRISMA reporting checklist. Studies on "tele-exercise" and "teleexercise", without specifying SCI in the search terms were screened. Inclusion criteria were limited to English-language articles published up to April 2024. Articles in poster or editorial format and grey literature were excluded. The decision was made to exclude gray literature and focus solely on studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Two reviewers (B.L.R. and R.R.G.C.) independently screened the titles and abstracts of the initially retrieved articles, and then discussed them to ensure agreement.

RESULTS: The review identified twelve articles (seven studies with intervention, three studies as projects, one study as cross-sectional analysis and 1 study as theorical framework). Most studies (58.3%) employed synchronous tele-exercise interventions, with Zoom software being the most prevalent platform (41.7%). Interventions primarily focused on muscle strength (75.0%) and aerobic training (75.0%), with a median duration of 8.0 weeks. The mean (standard deviation) adherence was 67.3% (18.7), with variations observed between sex and approaches (synchronous, asynchronous, or hybrid). The most commonly assessed outcomes included physical activity levels (58.3%), adherence (33.3%), pain (25.0%), and physical activity behavior (25.0%). Significant improvements were noted in health status, physical capacity, and tele-exercise implementation.

CONCLUSIONS: Tele-exercise interventions, predominantly utilizing synchronous methods and emphasizing muscle strength and aerobic training, are effective and feasible for individuals with SCI. These interventions contribute to improved health outcomes and increased exercise adherence, establishing them as a viable option for promoting physical activity among individuals with SCI. However, the results should be interpreted with caution as the quality of the studies was not considered in this review.},
}

@article {pmid40248758,
year = {2025},
author = {Lew, SQ and Sikka, N and Erickson, KF},
title = {Telehealth in the US for patients with end-stage kidney disease: its utilization and impact on social, economic and health outcomes.},
journal = {mHealth},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {22},
pmid = {40248758},
issn = {2306-9740},
abstract = {The use of telehealth in the United States accelerated in 2020 when a coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) related public health emergency (PHE) was declared. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services issued emergency waivers that relaxed restrictions imposed by regulations on geographic locations, originating and distant sites, audio-video-conferencing technology and re-imbursement. This review focuses on the history of telehealth usage for patients with end-stage kidney disease. Patients who receive home dialysis gained widespread access to telehealth in 2019, following passage of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2018, Sec 50302 by the US Congress. For the first time in telehealth application, the patient's home could be an originating site without geographic restrictions for telemedicine. These earlier regulations will continue even after the PHE expires. While they made telemedicine possible for many patients receiving home dialysis, in practice, the uptake of telemedicine in the home setting may have been sluggish following the 2018 law. Rules governing the frequency of telemedicine visits and other stipulations for home dialysis that were specified in the 2018 law were relaxed in the setting of the COVID-19 waivers, further facilitating the use of telemedicine for home dialysis care. Meanwhile, the in-center dialysis unit became an originating site for the first time during the COVID-19 PHE, with a corresponding sharp increase in the use of telemedicine for in-center hemodialysis care. The waivers enabling the use of telemedicine for patients who receive in-center hemodialysis and further facilitating the use of telemedicine in home dialysis, expire with the end of the COVID-19 PHE unless Congress passes new legislation. Comparisons among the periods before, during and after the PHE can illustrate telehealth's impact and some of its challenges. Most of the literature on telehealth represents observational data. Future studies on telehealth, including clinical trials, could provide information on outcomes and cost savings.},
}

@article {pmid40248364,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, AX and Norbrun, C and Sorkhdini, P and Zhou, Y},
title = {Phospholipid scramblase 1: a frontline defense against viral infections.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1573373},
pmid = {40248364},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Phospholipid Transfer Proteins/metabolism/genetics/immunology ; *Virus Diseases/immunology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virus Replication ; Interferons/metabolism ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; Signal Transduction ; Viruses/immunology ; },
abstract = {Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is the most studied member of the phospholipid scramblase protein family. Its main function is to catalyze calcium (Ca[2+])-dependent, ATP-independent, bidirectional and non-specific translocation of phospholipids between inner and outer leaflets of plasma membrane. Additionally, PLSCR1 is identified as an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) with antiviral activities, and its expression can be highly induced by all types of interferons in various viral infections. Indeed, numerous studies have reported the direct antiviral activities of PLSCR1 through interrupting the replication processes of a variety of viruses, including entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), nuclear localization of influenza A virus (IAV), and transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV1), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). In addition to these direct antiviral activities, PLSCR1 also regulates endogenous immune components to defend against viruses in both nonimmune and immune cells. Such activities include potentiation of ISG transcription, activation of JAK/STAT pathway, upregulation of type 3 interferon receptor (IFN-λR1) and recruitment of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). This review aims to summarize the current understanding of PLSCR1's multiple roles as a frontline defense against viral infections.},
}

Humans
*Phospholipid Transfer Proteins/metabolism/genetics/immunology
*Virus Diseases/immunology/virology
SARS-CoV-2
Virus Replication
Interferons/metabolism
Animals
Antiviral Agents
Signal Transduction
Viruses/immunology

@article {pmid38381595,
year = {2025},
author = {Tsampasian, V and Bäck, M and Bernardi, M and Cavarretta, E and Dębski, M and Gati, S and Hansen, D and Kränkel, N and Koskinas, KC and Niebauer, J and Spadafora, L and Frias Vargas, M and Biondi-Zoccai, G and Vassiliou, VS},
title = {Cardiovascular disease as part of Long COVID: a systematic review.},
journal = {European journal of preventive cardiology},
volume = {32},
number = {6},
pages = {485-498},
doi = {10.1093/eurjpc/zwae070},
pmid = {38381595},
issn = {2047-4881},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/diagnosis ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy/etiology/physiopathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; Risk Assessment ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {AIMS: Long COVID syndrome has had a major impact on million patients' lives worldwide. The cardiovascular system is an important aspect of this multifaceted disease that may manifest in many ways. We have hereby performed a narrative review in order to identify the extent of the cardiovascular manifestations of the Long COVID syndrome.

METHODS AND RESULTS: An in-depth systematic search of the literature has been conducted for this narrative review. The systematic search of PubMed and Cochrane databases yielded 3993 articles, of which 629 underwent full-text screening. A total of 78 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis and data evaluation. The pathophysiology of the cardiovascular sequelae of Long COVID syndrome and the cardiac manifestations and complications of Long COVID syndrome are critically evaluated. In addition, potential cardiovascular risk factors are assessed, and preventive methods and treatment options are examined in this review.

CONCLUSION: This systematic review poignantly summarizes the evidence from the available literature regarding the cardiovascular manifestations of Long COVID syndrome and reviews potential mechanistic pathways, diagnostic approaches, preventive measures, and treatment options.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/diagnosis
*Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy/etiology/physiopathology
SARS-CoV-2
Risk Factors
Risk Assessment
Heart Disease Risk Factors

@article {pmid40132732,
year = {2025},
author = {He, Y and Zheng, Q and Zhifang, Z and Xiaofeng, N and Shenggen, W and Xue, M and Zheng, C and Liu, Z},
title = {When COVID-19 meets diabetes: A bibliometric analysis.},
journal = {Diabetes research and clinical practice},
volume = {223},
number = {},
pages = {112118},
doi = {10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112118},
pmid = {40132732},
issn = {1872-8227},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Humans ; *Bibliometrics ; *Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors are concerned about the likelihood of developing further diseases. This study examines the global trends in scientific research on diabetes associated with COVID-19 from several perspectives. Bibliometric analyses are used to undertake a scientific review of the literature. The Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was used to acquire bibliographic information on diabetes related to COVID-19 from Jan 2020 to Dec. 2023. The visual map was built via advanced CiteSpace 6.2.R6. 7,348 papers were found. Khunti Kamlesh and Rizzo-Manfredi are the most well-known high-yield authors in this area, and the top ten authors collaborate extensively. Most of these papers came from universities. Harvard Medical School has the most publications, followed by Wuhan University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology. China and the United States are the countries with the most publications. Angiotensin-converting enzymes, chronic disease, intensive care unit, viral infection, and gestational diabetes mellitus were scored 0-11, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Zhou et al.'s work on this topic, which appeared in the prominent medical journal The Lancet, was cited 1,366 times, highlighting its importance. "clinical characteristics," "diabetes mellitus," "metabolic syndrome," and "angiotensin-converting enzyme" were used as keywords for reference co-citation and clustering data identify. Over the last four years, related investigations have focused primarily on observing clinical aspects. This report is important for developing treatment strategies, directing future research, and guiding clinical practice.},
}

*COVID-19/epidemiology/complications
Humans
*Bibliometrics
*Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40008658,
year = {2025},
author = {Segado Fernández, S and Jiménez Gómez, B and Jiménez Hidalgo, P and Lozano-Estevan, MDC and Herrera Peco, I},
title = {Disinformation about diet and nutrition on social networks: a review of the literature.},
journal = {Nutricion hospitalaria},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {366-375},
doi = {10.20960/nh.05533},
pmid = {40008658},
issn = {1699-5198},
mesh = {Humans ; *Diet ; *Social Networking ; Social Media ; *Disinformation ; COVID-19 ; Communication ; },
abstract = {Background: social networks have become indispensable for global communication, offering unparalleled access to information. However, the lack of content regulation has allowed health and nutrition misinformation to thrive, posing significant public health risks. Objectives: this study aimed to identify the social networks most frequently used for spreading nutrition-related misinformation and evaluate the primary topics, including diseases and dietary claims, featured in these messages. Methods: a systematic review of the literature was conducted, analyzing studies focused on nutrition-related misinformation across platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube. Data collection adhered to PRISMA guidelines, and findings were synthesized narratively to address the study objectives. Results: this study analyzed 28 documents focusing on nutrition-related misinformation on social networks. Instagram (50 %) and YouTube (39.28 %) were identified as the most prevalent platforms for spreading such content, followed by TikTok (5.13 %) and Twitter (10.72 %). Over 62 % of the reviewed studies addressed misinformation linked to miracle diets, often associated with orthorexia (14.28 %) and COVID-19 (14.28 %). These diets frequently included unverified claims of rapid health improvements. Notably, credible nutrition content was predominantly shared by healthcare professionals and academic organizations, highlighting their key role in fight against misinformation. Conclusions: misinformation about nutrition on social networks is a growing public health concern. Public health institutions must implement strategies to improve digital literacy and provide tools for assessing information credibility. Healthcare professionals should leverage social media to disseminate evidence-based knowledge, counteracting the influence of unreliable sources. Collaborative efforts are essential to ensure social networks serve as platforms for reliable health promotion and education.},
}

Humans
*Diet
*Social Networking
Social Media
*Disinformation
COVID-19
Communication

@article {pmid39763327,
year = {2025},
author = {Beretta, F and Sacconi, R and Querques, L and Prascina, F and Zucchiatti, I and Bandello, F and Querques, G},
title = {"Triple and Plan" (TriPla) regimen for long lasting new generation intravitreal anti-VEGF.},
journal = {European journal of ophthalmology},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {779-784},
doi = {10.1177/11206721241310262},
pmid = {39763327},
issn = {1724-6016},
mesh = {Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; *Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/administration & dosage ; *Wet Macular Degeneration/drug therapy ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) medications are the primary treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). However, frequent administrations pose significant burdens on patients, healthcare providers, and systems. The treat-and-extend (T&E) regimen, which adjusts treatment intervals based on patient response, aims to reduce injection frequency while maintaining disease control. The "Triple and Plan" (TriPla) regimen, developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, further optimizes treatment by scheduling three consecutive injections, thus minimizing clinic visits while ensuring adequate treatment.Newer agents such as Faricimab, Aflibercept 8 mg, and Brolucizumab offer longer-lasting effects, potentially extending treatment intervals. Faricimab, targeting both Ang-2 and VEGF-A, requires fewer injections and visits under the TriPla regimen compared to traditional T&E. Aflibercept 8 mg, with its higher concentration, promises extended intervals up to 16 weeks, reducing the injection frequency. Brolucizumab, notable for its small size and effective tissue penetration, also offers prolonged therapeutic effects but requires careful monitoring due to potential adverse events.In the first two years of treatment, patients using the TriPla regimen with these new drugs would undergo a slightly higher number of injections but with fewer clinic visits compared to the T&E regimen. The TriPla approach optimizes scheduling and reduces the workload on specialists, potentially improving patient care and healthcare system efficiency. These advancements in treatment regimens and drug formulations present significant benefits in managing nAMD, balancing effective disease control with reduced healthcare burdens.},
}

Humans
Intravitreal Injections
*Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors
*Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage
Recombinant Fusion Proteins/administration & dosage
Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/administration & dosage
*Wet Macular Degeneration/drug therapy
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40248034,
year = {2025},
author = {Lang, L and Ma, M and Zhao, H and Zhang, J and Liu, S and Liu, H},
title = {Global research trends in obesity-related asthma (2004-2023): a bibliometric analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in nutrition},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1528366},
pmid = {40248034},
issn = {2296-861X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In recent years, an increasing body of evidence has revealed a complex interplay between obesity and asthma, prompting academic and medical communities to intensify their focus on this area of research. The objective of this study is to undertake a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the research literature pertaining to obesity-related asthma from 2004 to 2023. This analysis aims to provide precise and valuable insights, as well as to systematically reflect upon the current status and emerging trends within the field.

METHODS: Literature data on obesity and asthma research was sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were utilized to visually analyze bibliometric indicators such as co-authorship, citation networks, and publication frequency of the data to facilitate the identification of patterns and trends.

RESULTS: A total of 3,118 papers were included in the analysis, encompassing 2,539 articles and 579 reviews. Throughout the last 20 years, the volume of publications has shown a consistent upward trend. The United States and Harvard University are at the forefront of this research field. Professor Dixon Anne E. is recognized as a pioneer and leading figure in the cultivation of obesity-related asthma research. Keyword analysis identified topics such as "childhood asthma," "bariatric surgery," "physical activity," "gut microbiota," "COVID-19," "food allergy," "asthma control," "nutrition examination," and "severe asthma."

CONCLUSION: The research domain of obesity-related asthma has experienced a substantial growth, with the United States, the United Kingdom, and China leading the global landscape. The focus on asthma in obese adolescents and children, the role of bariatric surgery, and lifestyle interventions remains a consistent area of interest, with considerable potential for further study. These findings provide a scientific basis for the development of personalized treatment programs for obese asthma patients. In addition, this study highlights the importance of further research in the fields of gut microbiota, COVID-19, and food allergy, providing directions for future policymaking.},
}

@article {pmid40246793,
year = {2025},
author = {Salvatori, P and Amoushahi, A and Venuti, A and Paolini, F},
title = {Ethanol Inhalation for Respiratory Infections due to Enveloped Viruses.},
journal = {Infectious diseases and therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40246793},
issn = {2193-8229},
support = {21/18/R/53//Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile/ ; },
abstract = {Ethanol has demonstrated high efficacy in inactivating enveloped viruses in vitro and in vivo (in animal and human studies). The inhalation route has been a significant method of drug administration for respiratory disorders since ancient times. Infections with enveloped viruses cause many respiratory diseases. This concise review explores the general structural characteristics of enveloped viruses and examines the potential role of inhaled ethanol as a low-cost therapy for respiratory diseases. Current literature data suggest that ethanol inhalation could be beneficial in treating respiratory infections caused by enveloped viruses. However, there is a clear gap in well-designed clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of ethanol inhalation in treating respiratory infections from enveloped viruses. This low-cost therapy could become an important therapeutic option, especially for large numbers of patients simultaneously infected, as was the case during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition, inhaled ethanol could be a successful approach for vulnerable patients such as patients with cancer because it is likely to have no or minimal effects on already established life-saving treatments. Further investigation by national and international institutions is urgently needed to validate these findings and refine treatment protocols.},
}

@article {pmid40246352,
year = {2025},
author = {Lundstrom, K},
title = {Immunobiology and immunotherapy of COVID-19.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {73-133},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.12.002},
pmid = {40246352},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/therapy ; *Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/therapy ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in late 2019 triggered a major increase in activities related to immunobiology and immunotherapy to cope with and find solutions to end the COVID-19 pandemic. The unprecedented approach to research and development of drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 has substantially improved the understanding of immunobiology for COVID-19, which can also be applied to other infectious diseases. Major efforts were dedicated to the repurposing of existing antiviral drugs and the development of novel ones. For this reason, numerous approaches to evaluating interferons, immunoglobulins, and cytokine inhibitors have been conducted. Antibody-based therapies, especially employing monoclonal antibodies have also been on the agenda. Cell-based therapies involving dendritic cells, macrophages, and CAR T-cell approaches have been evaluated. Many existing antiviral drugs have been repurposed for COVID-19 and novel formulations have been tested. The extraordinarily rapid development of efficient vaccines led to the breakthrough of novel vaccine approaches such as mRNA-based vaccines saving millions of lives. Waning immunity of existing vaccines and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have required additional booster vaccinations and re-engineering of new versions of COVID-19 vaccines.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/therapy
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Immunotherapy/methods
COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
Pandemics/prevention & control
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
*Coronavirus Infections/immunology/therapy
*Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/therapy
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40246351,
year = {2025},
author = {Rubio-Casillas, A and Redwan, EM and Uversky, VN},
title = {More antibodies are not always better: Fc effector functions play a critical role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and protection.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {413-447},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.02.001},
pmid = {40246351},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology ; *Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Traditional vaccinology has primarily focused on neutralizing antibody titers as the main correlate of vaccine efficacy, often overlooking the multifaceted roles of antibody Fc effector functions in orchestrating protective immune responses. Fc-mediated immune responses play a pivotal role in immune modulation and pathogen clearance. Emerging evidence from natural infections and vaccine studies highlights the critical contribution of Fc effector functions in determining the quality and durability of immunity. This work explores the limitations of current vaccine evaluation paradigms that prioritize neutralization over Fc effector mechanisms. It also describes findings from a study showing an unexpected role for SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibodies: both convalescent plasma and patient-derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) lead to maximum phagocytic capacity by monocytes at low concentrations, whereas at higher concentrations the phagocytic capacity was reduced. Given that the severity of COVID-19 disease and antibody titers are strongly positively correlated, this work challenges the paradigm that high antibodies offer better protection against severe disease. It is proposed that humoral and cellular responses elicited by vaccination should never be higher than those produced by natural infection. By integrating antibody Fc effector functions into vaccine development, a paradigm shift is proposed that emphasizes synergic antibody responses. Such an approach could transform vaccine efficacy assessment, enhance protection against dangerous pathogens, and drive innovation in vaccine design.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control/virology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
*Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology
COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
Animals

@article {pmid40246350,
year = {2025},
author = {Rubio-Casillas, A and Rodríguez-Quintero, CM and Hromić-Jahjefendić, A and Uversky, VN and Redwan, EM and Brogna, C},
title = {The essential role of prebiotics in restoring gut health in long COVID.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {385-411},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.01.004},
pmid = {40246350},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; *Prebiotics/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19/microbiology/immunology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Probiotics ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {The gut microbiota (GM) plays an essential role in human health, influencing not only digestive processes but also the immune system´s functionality. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the complex interaction between viral infections and the GM. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can disrupt microbial homeostasis, leading to dysbiosis and compromised immune responses. The severity of COVID-19 has been associated with a reduction in the abundance of several beneficial bacteria in the gut. It has been proposed that consuming probiotics may help to re-colonize the GM. Although probiotics are important, prebiotics are essential for their metabolism, growth, and re-colonization capabilities. This chapter delves into the critical role of prebiotics in restoring GM after COVID-19 disease. The mechanisms by which prebiotics enhance the metabolism of beneficial bacteria will be described, and how prebiotics mediate the re-colonization of the gut with beneficial bacteria, thereby restoring microbial diversity and promoting the resilience of the gut-associated immune system. The benefits of consuming prebiotics from natural sources are superior to those from chemically purified commercial products.},
}

Humans
*Prebiotics/administration & dosage
*COVID-19/microbiology/immunology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
SARS-CoV-2
Dysbiosis/microbiology
Probiotics
Pandemics

@article {pmid40246349,
year = {2025},
author = {Šutković, J},
title = {Neutrophils and COVID-19.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {347-384},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.02.003},
pmid = {40246349},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/pathology ; *Neutrophils/immunology ; Extracellular Traps/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Animals ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; },
abstract = {Neutrophils are the first line of defense against pathogens, most effectively by forming Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). Neutrophiles are further classified into several subpopulations during their development, eliminating pathogens through various mechanisms. However, due to the chaotic and uncontrolled immune response, NETs are often severely resulting in tissue damage and lung infections. The uncontrolled and poorly acknowledged host response regarding the cytokine storm is one of the major causes of severe COVID-19 conditions. Specifically, the increased formation of low-density neutrophils (LDNs), together with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is closely linked with the severity and poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19. In this review, we discuss in detail the ontogeny of neutrophils at different stages and their recruitment and activation after infections, focusing on SARS-CoV-2. In addition, this chapter summarized the research progress on potential targeted drugs (NETs and Cytokine inhibitors) for neutrophil medical therapy and hoped to provide reference for the development of related therapeutic drugs for critically ill COVID-19 patients.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/virology/pathology
*Neutrophils/immunology
Extracellular Traps/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Animals
Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology

@article {pmid40246348,
year = {2025},
author = {Hromić-Jahjefendić, A and Sezer, A and Mahmuljin, I},
title = {The impact of COVID-19 on autoimmune diseases.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {315-345},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.01.007},
pmid = {40246348},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; *Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/etiology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects ; Autoimmunity ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Extracellular Traps/immunology ; },
abstract = {Various autoantibodies, such as antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-Ro/SSA, rheumatoid factor, lupus anticoagulant, and antibodies against interferon type I (IFN-I), have been frequently detected in COVID-19 patients, indicating a significant prevalence of autoimmune reactions following viral exposure. Additionally, the identification of human proteins with structural similarities to SARS-CoV-2 peptides as potential autoantigens underscores the complex interplay between the virus and the immune system in triggering autoimmunity. The chapter discusses probable pathways contributing to COVID-19-related autoimmunity, including bystander activation due to hyperinflammatory states, viral persistence, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. These mechanisms illuminate a spectrum of autoimmune-related symptoms that can manifest, ranging from organ-specific to systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Importantly, there is emerging evidence of de novo autoimmunity arising after COVID-19 infection or vaccination, where new autoimmune conditions develop in previously healthy individuals. While various COVID-19 vaccines have received emergency use authorization, concerns regarding potential autoimmune side effects persist. Ongoing research is crucial to clarify these relationships and enhance our understanding of the risks associated with COVID-19 infections and vaccinations.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/complications
*Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/etiology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/adverse effects
Autoimmunity
Autoantibodies/immunology
Extracellular Traps/immunology

@article {pmid40246347,
year = {2025},
author = {Hromić-Jahjefendić, A and Aljabali, AAA},
title = {Analysis of the immune response in COVID-19.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {31-71},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.10.004},
pmid = {40246347},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Immunity, Innate ; Pandemics ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, instigated by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a significant global health challenge, demanding a profound grasp of the immune response. The innate immune system, a multifaceted network encompassing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and effector cells, assumes a pivotal function in detecting and countering this viral assailant. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), situated on immune cell surfaces and within endosomes, play a central role in recognizing SARS-CoV-2. TLR-2 and TLR-4 discern specific viral constituents, such as the spike (S) protein, setting off inflammatory signaling cascades and catalyzing the generation of type I interferons. Intracellular PRRs, including the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), RIG-I and MDA5, detect viral RNA within the cytoplasm of infected cells, provoking antiviral responses by initiating the synthesis of type I interferons. The equilibrium between interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines dictates the outcomes of the disease. Interferons play an indispensable role in governing viral replication, while unregulated cytokine production can result in tissue harm and inflammation. This intricate dynamic underpins therapeutic strategies aimed at regulating immune responses in individuals grappling with COVID-19. Natural killer (NK) cells, with their capacity to recognize infected cells through the "missing self" phenomenon and activating receptors, make significant contributions to the defense against SARS-CoV-2. NK cells play a pivotal role in eliminating infected cells and boosting immune responses through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In conclusion, comprehending the interplay among PRRs, interferons, and NK cells within innate immunity is paramount for discerning and combatting SARS-CoV-2. This comprehension illuminates therapeutic interventions and vaccine development, casting light on our endeavors to confront this worldwide health crisis.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/virology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Immunity, Innate
Pandemics
Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism
Receptors, Pattern Recognition

@article {pmid40246346,
year = {2025},
author = {Adilović, M},
title = {COVID-19 related complications.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {259-314},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.02.002},
pmid = {40246346},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Pregnancy ; Pandemics ; Female ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global healthcare systems, revealed vulnerabilities and prompted a re-evaluation of medical practices. Acute complications from the virus, including cardiovascular and neurological issues, have underscored the necessity for timely medical interventions. Advances in diagnostic methods and personalized therapies have been pivotal in mitigating severe outcomes. Additionally, Long COVID has emerged as a complex challenge, affecting various body systems and leading to respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, psychological, and musculoskeletal problems. This broad spectrum of complications highlights the importance of multidisciplinary management approaches that prioritize therapy, rehabilitation, and patient-centered care. Vulnerable populations such as paediatric patients, pregnant women, and immunocompromised individuals face unique risks and complications, necessitating continuous monitoring and tailored management strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
*SARS-CoV-2
Pregnancy
Pandemics
Female

@article {pmid40246345,
year = {2025},
author = {Ashmawy, R and Hamouda, EA and Zeina, S and Sharaf, S and Erfan, S and Redwan, EM},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 on preexisting comorbidities.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {215-258},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.10.002},
pmid = {40246345},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Comorbidity ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 is a highly contagious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, leading to a tragic global pandemic, where it was ranked in 2020 as the third leading cause of death in the USA, causing approximately 375,000 deaths, following heart disease and cancer. The CDC reports that the risk of death increases with age and preexisting comorbidities such as such as hypertension, diabetes, respiratory system disease, and cardiovascular disease. this report will delineate and analyze the paramount comorbidities and their repercussions on individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/complications
Comorbidity
SARS-CoV-2
Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
Pandemics
Risk Factors
United States/epidemiology

@article {pmid40246344,
year = {2025},
author = {Aljabali, AAA and El-Tanani, M and Barh, D and Tambuwala, MM},
title = {COVID-19: Perspectives on innate immune evasion.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {171-214},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.03.002},
pmid = {40246344},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/immunology ; *Immunity, Innate ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Immune Evasion/immunology ; Pandemics ; Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism ; *Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/virology ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/virology ; *Betacoronavirus/immunology ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition/immunology/metabolism ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The ongoing global health challenges posed by the SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitate a deep understanding of its intricate strategies to evade the innate immune system. This chapter aims to provide insights into the sophisticated mechanisms employed by SARS-CoV-2 in its interaction with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), with particular emphasis on Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). By skillfully circumventing these pivotal components, the virus manages to elude detection and impairs the initiation of crucial antiviral immune responses. A notable aspect of SARS-CoV-2's immune evasion tactics lies in its strategic manipulation of cytokine production. This orchestrated modulation disrupts the delicate balance of inflammation, potentially leading to severe complications, including the notorious cytokine storm. In this regard, key viral proteins, such as the spike protein and nucleocapsid protein, emerge as pivotal players in the immune evasion process, further highlighting their significance in the context of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Acquiring a comprehensive understanding of these intricate immune evasion mechanisms holds immense promise for the development of effective treatments against COVID-19. Moreover, it is imperative for vaccine development to consider these evasion strategies to maximize vaccine efficacy. Future therapeutic interventions may involve targeting alternative pathways or augmenting the antiviral immune responses, thereby mitigating the impact of immune evasion, and fostering successful outcomes. By unraveling the underlying mechanisms of innate immune evasion, we advance our comprehension of COVID-19 pathogenesis and pave the way for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. This comprehensive understanding catalyzes progress, enabling researchers and clinicians to devise novel approaches that combat the challenges posed by SARS-CoV-2 and ultimately improve patient outcomes.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/immunology
*Immunity, Innate
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Immune Evasion/immunology
Pandemics
Toll-Like Receptors/immunology/metabolism
*Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/virology
*Coronavirus Infections/immunology/virology
*Betacoronavirus/immunology
Receptors, Pattern Recognition/immunology/metabolism
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/metabolism
Animals

@article {pmid40246343,
year = {2025},
author = {Aljabali, AAA and Obeid, M and Gammoh, O and El-Tanani, M and Tambuwala, MM},
title = {Guardians at the gate: Unraveling Type I interferon's role and challenges posed by anti-interferon antibodies in COVID-19.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {135-169},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2025.01.005},
pmid = {40246343},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; *Interferon Type I/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/diagnosis ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; },
abstract = {The intricate interplay involving Type I interferon (IFN), anti-interferon antibodies, and COVID-19 elucidates a complex symphony within the immune system. This chapter thoroughly explores the dynamic landscape of Type I IFN, delineating its pivotal role as the guardian of the immune response. As SARS-CoV-2 engages the host, the delicate balance of IFN induction and signaling pathways is disrupted, resulting in a nuanced impact on the severity and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Clinical studies illuminate a critical link between impaired IFN response and severe outcomes, uncovering genetic factors contributing to susceptibility. Furthermore, the emergence of anti-interferon antibodies proves to be a disruptive force, compromising the immune arsenal and correlating with disease severity. Our chapter encompasses diagnostic and prognostic implications, highlighting the importance of assays in identifying levels of IFN and anti-interferon antibodies. This chapter examines the possible incorporation of interferon-related biomarkers in COVID-19 diagnostics, offering predictive insights into disease progression. On the therapeutic front, efforts to manipulate the IFN pathway undergo scrutiny, encountering complexities in light of anti-interferon antibodies. This chapter concludes by outlining prospective avenues for precision medicine, emphasizing the imperative need for a comprehensive comprehension of the IFN landscape and its intricate interaction with COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*Interferon Type I/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology/diagnosis
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Antibodies/immunology
Signal Transduction

@article {pmid40246342,
year = {2025},
author = {Eltayeb, A and Redwan, EM},
title = {T-cell immunobiology and cytokine storm of COVID-19.},
journal = {Progress in molecular biology and translational science},
volume = {213},
number = {},
pages = {1-30},
doi = {10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.10.003},
pmid = {40246342},
issn = {1878-0814},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; *Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; Pandemics ; Cytokines/immunology/metabolism ; *Coronavirus Infections/immunology/therapy ; *Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/therapy ; *Betacoronavirus/immunology ; },
abstract = {The 2019 coronavirus illness (COVID 2019) first manifests as a newly identified pneumonia and may quickly escalate to acute respiratory distress syndrome, which has caused a global pandemic. Except for individualized supportive care, no curative therapy has been steadfastly advised for COVID-19 up until this point. T cells and virus-specific T lymphocytes are required to guard against viral infection, particularly COVID-19. Delayed immunological reconstitution (IR) and cytokine storm (CS) continue to be significant barriers to COVID-19 cure. While severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease had considerable lymphopenia and increased neutrophils, especially in the elderly, their T cell numbers gradually recovered. Exhausted T lymphocytes and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL6, IL10, IL2, and IL17, are observed in peripheral blood and the lungs. It implies that while convalescent plasma, IL-6 blocking, mesenchymal stem cells, and corticosteroids might decrease CS, Thymosin α1 and adaptive COVID-19-specific T cells could enhance IR. There is an urgent need for more clinical research in this area throughout the world to open the door to COVID-19 treatment in the future.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/immunology
SARS-CoV-2
*T-Lymphocytes/immunology
*Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology
Pandemics
Cytokines/immunology/metabolism
*Coronavirus Infections/immunology/therapy
*Pneumonia, Viral/immunology/therapy
*Betacoronavirus/immunology

@article {pmid40245664,
year = {2025},
author = {Kalagy, T and Braun-Lewensohn, O and Abu-Kaf, S},
title = {Psychological distress among Israelis during crisis: A comparison between COVID-19 and the Iron Swords War.},
journal = {Psychiatry research},
volume = {348},
number = {},
pages = {116491},
doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116491},
pmid = {40245664},
issn = {1872-7123},
abstract = {This study aimed to compare stress reactions and coping resources among the Jewish population in Israel during two different crises: the COVID-19 pandemic and the current Iron Swords War. The study included 421 respondents during the COVID-19 period and 604 respondents during the Iron Swords War. Participants completed self-report questionnaires designed to evaluate sense of coherence, hope, and Community resilience as indicators of coping resources and the Brief Symptom Inventory as a measure of psychological distress. Overall, the mental state of the entire population was more severe during the Iron Swords War than it was during the COVID-19 period (p0.001> (. Sense of coherence and hope were both strongly negatively correlated with psychological distress (p<.001). Moreover, hope, sense of coherence, gender, and age were significant predictors of psychological distress (p< .01). These findings indicate the importance of personal coping resources, such as sense of coherence, during times of crisis. This is particularly important for vulnerable groups. Policymakers should prioritize mental-health services and targeted interventions in emergency response plans.},
}

@article {pmid40245580,
year = {2025},
author = {Nakajima, M and Yamazaki, H and Yoshinari, K and Kobayashi, K and Ishii, Y and Nakai, D and Kamimura, H and Kume, T and Saito, Y and Maeda, K and Kusuhara, H and Tamai, I},
title = {Contribution of Japanese scientists to drug metabolism and disposition.},
journal = {Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals},
volume = {53},
number = {5},
pages = {100071},
doi = {10.1016/j.dmd.2025.100071},
pmid = {40245580},
issn = {1521-009X},
abstract = {Japanese researchers have played a pivotal role in advancing the field of drug metabolism and disposition, as demonstrated by their substantial contributions to the journal Drug Metabolism and Disposition (DMD) over the past 5 decades. This review highlights the historical and ongoing impact of Japanese scientists on DMD, celebrating their achievements in elucidating drug metabolism, membrane transport, pharmacokinetics, and toxicology. From the discovery of cytochrome P450 by Tsuneo Omura and Ryo Sato in 1962 to subsequent advances in drug transport research, Japan has maintained a leading position in the field. A geographical analysis of DMD publications reveals a notable increase in contributions from Japan during the 1980s, ranking second globally and maintaining this position through the 2000s. However, recent years have seen a slight decline in output, likely influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and increased online journals as well as structural changes within academia and industry. Importantly, this trend is not unique to Japan. To sustain excellence and innovation in this field, it is crucial to strengthen funding for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity research and promote collaborations between academia, industry, and regulatory agencies. By prioritizing the translation of fundamental discoveries into drug development and clinical applications, scientists in this area can further advance global efforts toward achieving optimal drug efficacy and safety. This review underscores the enduring contributions of Japanese researchers to DMD and calls for renewed efforts to drive innovation and progress in this vital area of science. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Over the past 5 decades, Japanese scientists have made significant contributions to Drug Metabolism and Disposition through groundbreaking discoveries and advancements in the study of drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, pharmacokinetics analysis, and related areas. These contributions continue to shape the field, offering a foundation for future innovation in this area. We hope that the next generation of Japanese scientists will further solidify their global leadership in this area to advance drug development and proper pharmacotherapy.},
}

@article {pmid40244526,
year = {2025},
author = {Taha, MS and Akram, A and Abdelbary, GA},
title = {Unlocking the potential of remdesivir: innovative approaches to drug delivery.},
journal = {Drug delivery and translational research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40244526},
issn = {2190-3948},
abstract = {Given the recurrent waves of COVID-19 and the emergence of new viral infections, optimizing the potential of remdesivir as an antiviral agent is critical. While several reviews have explored the efficacy of remdesivir, few have comprehensively addressed its challenges, such as the necessity for intravenous infusion, suboptimal lung accumulation, and safety concerns related to its formulation. This review critically examines these challenges while proposing innovative solutions and effective combinations with other antiviral agents and repurposed drugs. By highlighting the role of complex generics, we aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy in ways not previously discussed in existing literature. Furthermore, we address the development of novel drug delivery systems which specifically aim to improve remdesivir's pharmacological profile. By analyzing recent findings, we assess both the successes and limitations of current approaches, providing insights into ongoing challenges and strategies for further optimization. This review uniquely focuses on targeted drug delivery systems and innovative formulations, thereby maximizing remdesivir's therapeutic benefits and broadening its application in combating emerging viral threats. In doing so, we fill a critical gap in literature, offering a comprehensive overview that informs future research and clinical strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40244315,
year = {2025},
author = {Aderinto, N and Olatunji, G and Kokori, E and Ogieuhi, IJ and Yusuf, IA and Egbunu, E and Ukoaka, BM and Babalola, AE and Adefusi, TO and Aboje, JE and Moradeyo, A},
title = {COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: a review of the emerging evidence.},
journal = {Discover mental health},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {56},
pmid = {40244315},
issn = {2731-4383},
abstract = {The recent surge of COVID-19 cases has raised concerns about its potential long-term effects on cognitive function. This review explores the growing body of research investigating the link between COVID-19 infection and cognitive impairment. Studies employing observational, longitudinal, and case-control designs reveal a concerning prevalence of cognitive impairment in survivors, affecting domains like attention, memory, executive function, and processing speed. The persistence of these deficits for months after the initial infection highlights the potential for long-term consequences. While the precise mechanisms remain under investigation, potential contributing factors include neuroinflammation, hypoxia, and psychological effects. Limitations within the current research landscape necessitate further investigation into the long-term trajectory of cognitive decline, the potential for intervention and recovery, and the role of vaccination in mitigating these effects. Understanding the multifaceted nature of this issue is crucial for developing effective strategies to ensure optimal cognitive health outcomes for COVID-19 survivors.},
}

@article {pmid40244031,
year = {2025},
author = {Alves, MI and Dias Junior, SA and Martins, T and Felipe, AOB and Freitas, PS and Moreira, DDS},
title = {The Relationship Between Excessive Screen Time, Self-Harm, and Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Literature Review.},
journal = {Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing : official publication of the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses, Inc},
volume = {38},
number = {2},
pages = {e70015},
doi = {10.1111/jcap.70015},
pmid = {40244031},
issn = {1744-6171},
support = {//This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001./ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology/psychology ; Adolescent ; *Screen Time ; *Adolescent Behavior/psychology ; *Suicidal Ideation ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Adolescents are being increasingly exposed to digital media, especially in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This reality raises concerns over the effects of this exposure, in addition to an increase in suicidal behavior and self-harm.

AIM/QUESTION: This study aims to analyze the relationship between excessive screen time, self-harm, and suicidal behavior in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: This is an integrative literature review. The research question was structured using the PICOT strategy (P-adolescents; I-intensive screen and internet time; O-suicidal behavior and self-harm; and T-pandemic timeframe). The databases included were: Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Cinahl, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Initially, 1645 studies were found; after reviewing their titles and abstracts, 18 studies met the eligibility criteria.

FINDINGS: The results revealed concerning associations between prolonged exposure and behaviors such as self-harm and suicidal behavior.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: These findings can assist nurses in identifying young individuals at risk due to inappropriate technology use, enabling the development of tailored interventions, the implementation of educational programs for healthy digital habits, and the promotion of mental well-being.

RECOMMENDATION: In light of the above, measures to mitigate this problem and the risks stemming from prolonged exposure are needed, considering that the adverse effects go beyond the pandemic context.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology
*Self-Injurious Behavior/epidemiology/psychology
Adolescent
*Screen Time
*Adolescent Behavior/psychology
*Suicidal Ideation

@article {pmid40243795,
year = {2025},
author = {Neil, J},
title = {Emerging Viral Infections during Pregnancy: Understanding the Risks to Maternal and Fetal Health.},
journal = {Reproduction (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1530/REP-25-0043},
pmid = {40243795},
issn = {1741-7899},
abstract = {Viral infections during pregnancy pose significant risks to both maternal and fetal health. While several viruses are well known to cause adverse pregnancy outcomes, often little is known about emerging viruses. This review summaries the known maternal and fetal consequences of infection during pregnancy with novel and re-emerging viruses. Focus is placed on viruses such as Zika and SARS-CoV-2, among others, discussing the mechanisms by which these viruses may disrupt fetal development at the maternal-fetal interface. The review also addresses the challenges that need to be overcome, such as the need for ongoing disease surveillance, prioritization of pregnant women for clinical trials and the importance of pre-clinical models of placenta infection, to adequately prepare for the next virus outbreak.},
}

@article {pmid40243788,
year = {2025},
author = {Melo, EP and Mendes, EFDS and Rodrigues, RCR and Nogueira, DL and Tabosa, TA and Castro, MC and Machado, MMT},
title = {Maternal care for preterm infants in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative systematic review.},
journal = {Cadernos de saude publica},
volume = {41},
number = {3},
pages = {e00134924},
doi = {10.1590/0102-311XEN134924},
pmid = {40243788},
issn = {1678-4464},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; Infant, Newborn ; *Infant, Premature ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Mothers/psychology ; Qualitative Research ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Premature Birth ; Adaptation, Psychological ; },
abstract = {Preterm birth and hospitalization of the newborn are potentially traumatic events for mothers and children. The COVID-19 pandemic, along with its social impacts and additional concerns, has exacerbated maternal distress and anxiety, adversely impacting the development of premature babies. This study conducted a qualitative systematic review to understand maternal care for preterm infants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines, the databases CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, and the portals Virtual Health Library and CAPES Periodicals were consulted. From the 1,449 identified publications, 14 articles were included in the review, resulting in 172 primary findings. The findings were grouped using the meta-aggregative approach, with confidence assessed via the ConQual approach, resulting in four meta-aggregated findings: (1) the impact of the pandemic on health services for preterm infants; (2) the impact of the pandemic and prematurity on maternal mental health; (3) challenges to the maternal care of preterm infants imposed by COVID-19; and (4) maternal coping strategies during the pandemic. The review revealed that the pandemic and associated sanitary measures negatively impacted maternal proximity to hospitalized premature infants, reduced the support networks, worsened financial situations, and increased mothers' emotional burden. Public policies are recommended to provide support to mothers, offer resources to deal with adverse experiences, and promote parental skills in caring for preterm infants.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
Infant, Newborn
*Infant, Premature
Female
Pregnancy
*Mothers/psychology
Qualitative Research
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Premature Birth
Adaptation, Psychological

@article {pmid40243757,
year = {2025},
author = {Meng, S and Hara, T and Miura, Y and Arao, Y and Saito, Y and Inoue, K and Hirotsu, T and Vecchione, A and Satoh, T and Ishii, H},
title = {In Vivo Engineered CAR-T Cell Therapy: Lessons Built from COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26073119},
pmid = {40243757},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {grant nos. 19K22658, 20H00541, 21K19526, 22H03146, 22K19559, 23K19505, 23K18313, 23KK0153, 24K22144, and 16H06279 (PAGS)//Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology/ ; grant nos. JP23ym0126809 and JP24ym0126809//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; 23-255001//Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund/ ; G-2024-3-00//IFO Research Communications/ ; 2024//Oceanic Wellness Foundation/ ; 2024//Suzuken Memorial Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; RNA, Messenger/immunology/genetics ; mRNA Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; Lipids/chemistry ; Liposomes ; },
abstract = {Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy but continues to face significant challenges that limit its broader application, such as antigen targeting, the tumor microenvironment, and cell persistence, especially in solid tumors. Meanwhile, the global implementation of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the transformative potential of mRNA and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technologies. These innovations, characterized by their swift development timelines, precise antigen design, and efficient delivery mechanisms, provide a promising framework to address some limitations of CAR-T therapy. Recent advancements, including mRNA-based CAR engineering and optimized LNP delivery, have demonstrated the capacity to enhance CAR-T efficacy, particularly in the context of solid tumors. This review explores how mRNA-LNP technology can drive the development of in vivo engineered CAR-T therapies to address current limitations and discusses future directions, including advancements in mRNA design, LNP optimization, and strategies for improving in vivo CAR-T functionality and safety. By bridging these technological insights, CAR-T therapy may evolve into a versatile and accessible treatment paradigm across diverse oncological landscapes.},
}

Humans
*Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/genetics
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology/genetics
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
Nanoparticles/chemistry
RNA, Messenger/immunology/genetics
mRNA Vaccines/immunology
Animals
Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
Lipids/chemistry
Liposomes

@article {pmid40243562,
year = {2025},
author = {Jellinger, KA},
title = {Concomitant Pathologies and Their Impact on Parkinson Disease: A Narrative Overview of Current Evidence.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26072942},
pmid = {40243562},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2025-02//Society for the Promotion of Research in Experimental Neurology, Vienna, Austria/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Parkinson Disease/pathology/epidemiology/complications/metabolism ; COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/pathology ; Comorbidity ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism ; Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Many clinico-pathological studies point to the presence of multiple comorbidities/co-pathologies in the course of Parkinson disease (PD). Lewy body pathology, the morphological hallmark of PD, rarely exists in isolation, but is usually associated with other concomitant pathologies, in particular Alzheimer disease-related changes (ADNC), cerebrovascular pathologies (macro- and microinfarcts, cerebral small vessel disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy), TDP-43 pathology as well as multiple pathological combinations. These include cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, myasthenia gravis, Sjögren's syndrome, restless leg syndrome or other rare disorders, like Fabry disease. A combination of PD and multiple sclerosis (MS) may be due to the immune function of LRRK2 and its interrelation with α-synuclein. COVID-19 and HIV posed considerable impacts on patients with PD. Epidemiological evidence points to a decreased risk for the majority of neoplasms, except melanoma and other skin cancers, while some tumors (breast, brain) are increased. On the other hand, a lower frequency of malignancies preceding early PD markers may argue for their protective effect on PD risk. Possible pathogenetic factors for the association between PD and cancer are discussed. The tremendous heterogeneity of concomitant pathologies and comorbidities observed across the PD spectrum is most likely caused by the complex interplay between genetic, pathogenic and other risk factors, and further research should provide increasing insight into their relationship with idiopathic PD (and other parkinsonian disorders) in order to find better diagnostic tools and probable disease-modifying therapies.},
}

Humans
*Parkinson Disease/pathology/epidemiology/complications/metabolism
COVID-19/epidemiology/complications/pathology
Comorbidity
alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
Neoplasms/epidemiology/pathology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40243121,
year = {2025},
author = {Wong, SK},
title = {Effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on bone health (Review).},
journal = {Molecular medicine reports},
volume = {31},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3892/mmr.2025.13533},
pmid = {40243121},
issn = {1791-3004},
mesh = {*Hydroxychloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; Humans ; *Chloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; *Bone and Bones/drug effects/metabolism ; Animals ; Osteoclasts/drug effects/metabolism ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Autophagy/drug effects ; Osteoblasts/drug effects/metabolism ; Osteogenesis/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which were initially used to treat malaria, are now also used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, which have gained notoriety during the coronavirus‑19 pandemic. The emerging uses of CQ and HCQ in cancer therapy, metabolic syndrome and bone disorders highlight their broad clinical potential. Patients with autoimmune and inflammatory conditions have a higher risk of suboptimal bone health because of chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation and medication use. In the present review, the use of CQ and HCQ in bone research was explored, particularly in terms of their effectiveness and mechanism in modulating bone homeostasis. CQ and HCQ inhibit osteoblastic activity by suppressing autophagy, inducing oxidative stress and promoting osteoblast apoptosis. CQ suppresses osteoclastic activity by blocking the receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‑β/receptor activator of nuclear factor κ‑β ligand interaction, autophagy and inflammation. HCQ inhibits osteoclastogenesis by increasing the expression levels of osteoprotegerin, inducing osteoclast apoptosis and reducing cytokines without affecting autophagy. With regard to the molecular machineries, CQ and HCQ inhibit bone formation and bone resorption. Variations in dose, frequency and duration of CQ and HCQ treatment result in heterogenous outcomes. Further research is necessary to clarify the net effects of CQ and HCQ on bone through studies specifically designed to explore their direct impact as the primary objective. The use of these medications is broadening particularly in patients with autoimmune diseases who are at risk of skeletal disorders. However, their safety profiles, adverse effects and contraindications must be carefully monitored when administered for long‑term use and in combination.},
}

*Hydroxychloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use/adverse effects
Humans
*Chloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use/adverse effects
*Bone and Bones/drug effects/metabolism
Animals
Osteoclasts/drug effects/metabolism
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Apoptosis/drug effects
Autophagy/drug effects
Osteoblasts/drug effects/metabolism
Osteogenesis/drug effects

@article {pmid40242974,
year = {2025},
author = {Nouari, W and Aribi, M},
title = {Innate lymphoid cells, immune functional dynamics, epithelial parallels, and therapeutic frontiers in infections.},
journal = {International reviews of immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-28},
doi = {10.1080/08830185.2025.2490233},
pmid = {40242974},
issn = {1563-5244},
abstract = {Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged as pivotal players in the field of immunology, expanding our understanding of innate immunity beyond conventional paradigms. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted world of ILCs, beginning with their serendipitous discovery and traversing their ontogeny and heterogeneity. We explore the distinct subsets of ILCs unraveling their intriguing plasticity, which adds a layer of complexity to their functional repertoire. As we journey through the functional activities of ILCs, we address their role in immune responses against various infections, categorizing their interactions with helminthic parasites, bacterial pathogens, fungal infections, and viral invaders. Notably, this review offers a detailed examination of ILCs in the context of specific infections, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Citrobacter rodentium, Clostridium difficile, Salmonella typhimurium, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Influenza virus, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. This selection aimed for a comprehensive exploration of ILCs in various infectious contexts, opting for microorganisms based on extensive research findings rather than considerations of virulence or emergence. Furthermore, we raise intriguing questions about the potential immune functional resemblances between ILCs and epithelial cells, shedding light on their interconnectedness within the mucosal microenvironment. The review culminates in a critical assessment of the therapeutic prospects of targeting ILCs during infection, emphasizing their promise as novel immunotherapeutic targets. Nevertheless, due to their recent discovery and evolving understanding, effectively manipulating ILCs is challenging. Ensuring specificity and safety while evaluating long-term effects in clinical settings will be crucial.},
}

@article {pmid40242829,
year = {2025},
author = {Jung, Y and Baldeo, S and Pahuta, M and Sharma, S and Guha, D},
title = {The legal and socioeconomic considerations of spine telemedicine in Canada.},
journal = {Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong)},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {166-177},
pmid = {40242829},
issn = {2414-469X},
abstract = {Telemedicine, or virtual care offers a platform for remote assessments, for either initial consultations or follow-up care. Telemedicine is a broad term and may refer to video conferences/assessments, telephone visits, messages through online platforms, and remote monitoring applications. The restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis had accelerated the use of telemedicine in Canadian healthcare. Several years after the pandemic, after this initial trial of widespread telemedicine, there remains significant uncertainty as to its efficacy and future directions. There are inherent challenges to telemedicine, including questions of clinical reliability and privacy, balanced against the possibility of efficiency and increased access to specialists. The Canadian healthcare system also poses significant challenges in the evaluation and systemic implementation of telemedicine, given the lack of a national legal framework and separate provincial or territorial regulation systems across the country. Telemedicine is of a particular interest to spinal surgeons, given the prevalence, morbidity, and economic costs associated with spinal pathologies. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, few spine surgeons offered telemedicine, due to the perceived challenges of remote assessment and diagnosis with spine pathologies. There has been little subsequent data to examine the role and suitability for remote acre in spine surgery. Herein, we review the current landscape of telemedicine in Canadian healthcare, with applications to spine surgery.},
}

@article {pmid40242541,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, Y and Liu, F and Song, JS and Wang, S},
title = {Supply chain resilience: A review from the inventory management perspective.},
journal = {Fundamental research},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {450-463},
pmid = {40242541},
issn = {2667-3258},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chains, leading to economic damage and product shortages caused by demand surges and supply disruptions. Concurrently, geopolitical conflicts and the rising frequency of natural disasters due to climate change have amplified the urgency to develop strategies for building resilient supply chains. This article presents a comprehensive literature review on inventory management strategies for enhancing supply chain resilience, such as stockpiling, multi-sourcing, capacity reservation, and flexible supply contracts. We classify these strategies into two categories: one deals with supply-side disruption risks, and the other deals with demand-side disruption risks. For each category, we summarize the practical challenges, the state-of-art research, and potential avenues for future research.},
}

@article {pmid40242230,
year = {2025},
author = {Tyagi, S and Upadhyay, S and Bharara, T and Sahai, S},
title = {Nipah virus: Preventing the next outbreak.},
journal = {World journal of clinical cases},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {99748},
pmid = {40242230},
issn = {2307-8960},
abstract = {Nipah is a deadly viral infection which has come to the news highlight recently, due to its fresh onslaught in Southern India. As the world continues to recover from coronavirus disease 2019, the World Health Organization has identified a list of high-priority pathogens with the potential to cause future pandemics. Among them is the Nipah virus (NiV), which poses a significant threat. Even a small outbreak could trigger widespread panic among the public. The emergence and re-emergence of NiV among other zoonotic infections is a stern reminder of the importance of One health concept.},
}

@article {pmid40241147,
year = {2025},
author = {Morello, R and De Rose, C and Martino, L and Raffaelli, F and Zampino, G and Valentini, P and Buonsenso, D},
title = {Role of nutrient supplements in children with post-COVID condition: a retrospective preliminary observation and narrative review.},
journal = {Italian journal of pediatrics},
volume = {51},
number = {1},
pages = {119},
pmid = {40241147},
issn = {1824-7288},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dietary Supplements ; Retrospective Studies ; *COVID-19/complications ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Post-COVID Condition (PCC), emerging as a significant long-term consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, affects not only adults but also the pediatric population. Despite ongoing research, the precise pathophysiology of PCC remains elusive. However, several putative mechanisms have been identified, leading to the exploration of various therapeutic strategies. Notably, in the adult population, there has been substantial interest in the potential efficacy of nutritional supplements. Regrettably, information regarding the use of such supplements in the pediatric population is currently lacking.

METHODS: The present study was conducted to assess the impact of nutritional supplements on alleviating long COVID symptoms in children. To achieve this, we conducted a retrospective analysis of nutrient supplements administered by parents to children with Post-COVID Condition (PCC) between February 2020 and October 2022. Statistical analyses were employed to determine associations between categorical variables.

RESULTS: A total of 1243 children were enrolled following documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, with 940 (76.2%) diagnosed as recovered and 294 (23.8%) diagnosed with Long COVID. Among Long COVID patients experiencing disabling symptoms, treatment with oral lactoferrin and/or a Multi-Element Product (MEP) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties was initiated. The correlation analysis between the use of supplements and persistence of long COVID at the next follow-up showed that the use of MEP alone (OR 5.7, 95% CI 3.8-8.5), or the combination of MEP and lactoferrin (OR 5.06, 95% CI 3.3-7.6) three months after the initial infection and for the following three months, were associated with a lower risk having long covid at six months following initial infection, when compared with the use of lactoferrin alone (OR 7.6 95% CI 5.1-11.4).

CONCLUSIONS: This proof-of-concept study revealed that MEP and lactoferrin, when administered three months after initial infection in patients with a new diagnosis of long covid, may have a positive impact on improving Long COVID symptoms in children during follow-up evaluations. This positive trend toward reducing Post-COVID Condition (PCC) exhibited by MEP and lactoferrin suggested a potential benefit worthy of exploration in future randomized controlled trials.},
}

Humans
*Dietary Supplements
Retrospective Studies
*COVID-19/complications
Child
Male
Female
Child, Preschool
Adolescent
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40240055,
year = {2025},
author = {Ajumobi, O and Davis, M and George, CM and Rosman, L and Von Dobschuetz, S and Watson, C and Nuzzo, JB},
title = {Improving risk analysis of the environmental drivers of the spillover, emergence/re-emergence and spread of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, Marburg virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the East Africa Region.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2025-019162},
pmid = {40240055},
issn = {2059-7908},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/epidemiology/transmission ; Risk Assessment ; Animals ; Africa, Eastern/epidemiology ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo ; *Marburg Virus Disease/epidemiology/transmission ; *Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/transmission ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Emerging and/or re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) in the East Africa region are associated with climate change-induced environmental drivers. There is a need for a comprehensive understanding of these environmental drivers and to adopt an integrated risk analysis (IRA) framework for addressing a combination of the biological, environmental and socioeconomic factors that increase population vulnerabilities to EID risks to inform biological risk mitigation and cross-sectoral decision-making. The aim of this integrative review was to identify knowledge gaps and contribute to a holistic understanding about the environmental drivers of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Marburg virus (MARV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in the East Africa Region to improve IRA processes at the environment-animal-human exposure interface.

METHODS: An integrative review search was carried out to identify relevant studies and reports from 2000 to 2024. Searches were conducted in bibliographic databases and global institutional websites. Inclusion criteria were studies and reports (in English) addressing environmental drivers of CCHFV, MARV and MERS-CoV infections across countries in the East Africa region, existing risk frameworks/methodological tools and/or One Health policy recommendations for risk analysis of environmentally driven biological threats.

RESULTS: Of the total number of studies retrieved from database searches (n=18 075) and website searches (n=44), 242 studies and reports combined were included in the review with the majority covering the environmental drivers (n=137), the risk frameworks/methodological tools (n=73) and the policy recommendations (n=32). We identified 10 categories of environmental drivers, four thematic groups of risk frameworks and three categories of policy recommendations. Overall, many of the included records on the risk frameworks/methodological tools expounded on the adoption of ecological niche modelling (ENM) for environmental monitoring of potential transmission pathways of EIDs and other biological threats.

CONCLUSION: This integrative review recommends the adoption of specialised risk mapping approaches such as ENM for environmental monitoring of EIDs under IRA processes. Findings from the review were used for the conceptualisation of an IRA framework for addressing environmentally driven EIDs.},
}

Humans
*Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/epidemiology/transmission
Risk Assessment
Animals
Africa, Eastern/epidemiology
*Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo
*Marburg Virus Disease/epidemiology/transmission
*Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/transmission
Climate Change

@article {pmid40239606,
year = {2025},
author = {Perozziello, A and Sta, A and Aubriot, B and Barruel, D and Dauriac-Le Masson, V},
title = {Transitions in mental health care utilisation at GHU Paris between 2019 and 2024: A post-pandemic perspective.},
journal = {Psychiatry research},
volume = {348},
number = {},
pages = {116482},
doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116482},
pmid = {40239606},
issn = {1872-7123},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse the long-term evolution of mental health services use following the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN: This was a retrospective study, conducted from 2019 to 2024, using the Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Psychiatry and Neurosciences (GHU Paris) databases.

METHODS: We considered the number of patients consulting at GHU Paris clinics, number of patients presenting at the emergency department (ED), and number of hospital admissions per week, by sex and age group. We performed a piecewise linear regression, using a threshold approach to identify time patterns between 2019 and 2024: pre-pandemic period (T1), short-term (T2) and long-term post-pandemic period (T3). Temporal changes in mental healthcare service use were then analysed.

RESULTS: No significant overall changes were observed in the number of outpatients after the COVID-19 pandemic, except for a slight increase among patients aged 15-24 years. The number of hospital admissions remained lower in 2024 compared with 2019, with a decreasing trend in T3 for all subgroups. In contrast, the number of ED visits increased over time, with higher use of emergency services by women and young people in 2024 compared with 2019. The overall long-term trend (T3) continued to show an increasing pattern. Additionally, a reduction in schizophrenia presentations was observed, while there was an overall increase in patients with substance use or neurotic disorders.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results described transitions in mental health service use at GHU Paris between 2019 and 2024, highlighting reduced hospital admissions, increased psychiatric emergencies, and changes in the reasons for seeking care.},
}

@article {pmid40238569,
year = {2025},
author = {Buceta-Albillos, N and Ayuga-Téllez, E},
title = {The Beneficial Interaction Between Human Well-Being and Natural Healthy Ecosystems: An Integrative Narrative Approach.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph22030427},
pmid = {40238569},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; *Ecosystem ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Climate Change ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {This study highlights the lack of research on the relationship between ecosystem services, climate change, and human well-being. The experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic show the value of the natural environment for people's well-being. We propose a framework that fosters an integrative approach to enhance our connection with nature, which is vital for tackling current environmental challenges. We reviewed over 70 articles and 160 references from databases such as Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Dialnet, MDPI, and Taylor & Francis, focusing on the correlation between pro-environmental behavior and emotional bonds with nature. Increasing our awareness of nature is crucial for fostering sustainable ecosystems. To deepen our understanding of how this connection influences human well-being and ecosystem health, we advocate for the application of specific neuroscience and artificial intelligence techniques. The study presents a compendium of prospective research topics for future investigation and analysis. In particular, it underscores the significance of this research for the development of effective policy and practical applications in the realm of conservation efforts.},
}

Humans
*Ecosystem
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Conservation of Natural Resources
Climate Change
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40238403,
year = {2025},
author = {Bauer, KL and Johnson-Koenke, R and Fort, MP},
title = {What Is Social Connection in the Context of Human Need: An Interdisciplinary Literature Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph22030363},
pmid = {40238403},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Social Isolation ; Loneliness ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Public Health ; },
abstract = {The U.S. Surgeon General made an impactful declaration in the 2023 advisory on America's loneliness and social isolation epidemic that social connection, or human relationships, is a human need equivalent to water, food, and shelter. After witnessing the impact of social isolation measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a global urgency to better understand social connection in public health responses. However, meaningfully effective interventions for social isolation or loneliness have yet to be identified, and the consensus that social connection is an equivalent human need is unclear. To understand what social connection, oxygen, water, food, and shelter have in common regarding population health, we conducted an interdisciplinary literature review between September 2021 and October 2024, seeking to find commonalities between research literature advocating social connection as a human need critical to survival and key concepts across population health disciplines that explain how oxygen, water, food, and shelter function as human needs. We integrated the concepts of evolution, resource, environment, ecosystem, exposure science, embodiment, homeostasis, allostatic load theory, and interdisciplinary from 44 core publications to develop a unified conceptual model and definition for social connection as a human need. We believe a holistic understanding of social connection within the shared context of oxygen, water, food, and shelter can better support health researchers across a variety of disciplines to find common ground in developing evidence-based interventions within public health.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
*Social Isolation
Loneliness
SARS-CoV-2
Public Health

@article {pmid40237465,
year = {2025},
author = {Denz, PJ and Yount, JS},
title = {IFITM3 variants point to a critical role in emergent virus infections.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0334724},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.03347-24},
pmid = {40237465},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a cellular protein that restricts numerous viral infections by blocking virus-host membrane fusion. In humans, there are two IFITM3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs12252-C and rs34481144-A, that decrease IFITM3 activity and have been associated with severe illness following influenza virus infections. Mice lacking IFITM3 show increased influenza severity, supporting this association. However, some studies do not find a consistent link between IFITM3 SNPs and infection severity, causing uncertainty about its role in vivo. Review of the literature indicates that IFITM3 SNPs are primarily associated with increased viral disease in infections with emergent influenza viruses, such as the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus and zoonotic H7N9 virus. Similarly, IFITM3 SNPs are reported to be risk factors for increased severity in other emergent infections, including SARS-CoV-2, Hantaan virus, and HIV. In contrast, most studies that failed to find an association examined seasonal influenza. We posit that adaptive immune mechanisms, including pre-existing antibodies and memory T cells against seasonally circulating viruses, compensate for IFITM3 deficiencies, therefore masking its role in seasonal influenza. We propose that IFITM3 is most critical in defending against emergent viruses and should be a key focus of public health strategies to prevent the emergence and spread of novel pathogens, with individuals carrying IFITM3 SNPs potentially benefiting from broadened vaccine coverage, avoidance of animal reservoirs, or enhanced masking to protect themselves and the wider population.},
}

@article {pmid40237463,
year = {2025},
author = {Hirsch, C and Zorger, AM and Baumann, M and Park, YS and Bröckelmann, PJ and Mellinghoff, S and Monsef, I and Skoetz, N and Kreuzberger, N},
title = {Vaccines for preventing infections in adults with solid tumours.},
journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {CD015551},
pmid = {40237463},
issn = {1469-493X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/complications/immunology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Adult ; Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; Bias ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Meningococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Placebos/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Infections are one of the most frequent complications seen in adults with cancer, often arising from the underlying condition or as a result of immunosuppressive treatments. Certain infections (e.g. influenza, pneumococcal disease, and meningococcal disease) may be prevented through vaccination. However, adults with solid tumours may elicit varying immune responses compared to healthy individuals.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and risks of vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases in adults with solid tumours.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, two further databases, and two study registries from inception to 2 December 2024 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs).

SELECTION CRITERIA: We included RCTs evaluating vaccines against the following infectious diseases in adults (≥ 18 years of age) with any diagnosis of solid tumour cancer compared to placebo or no vaccine: pneumococcal disease, Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, meningococcal disease, pertussis, hepatitis B, tetanus, polio, diphtheria, influenza, herpes zoster, and COVID-19. In cases where RCTs were unavailable, we included prospective controlled NRSIs. We excluded live-attenuated vaccines.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We followed standard Cochrane methodology. Two review authors independently screened search results, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias (RoB) in the included studies using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool for RCTs and ROBINS-I for NRSIs. We rated the certainty in the evidence using the GRADE approach for the following prioritised outcomes: incidence of infection concerned, all-cause mortality, quality of life, adverse events (AEs) of any grade, serious adverse events (SAEs), localised events at the injection site, and systemic events.

MAIN RESULTS: We included 10 studies (five RCTs and five NRSIs) involving 81,823 adults with solid tumours receiving vaccines to prevent infections with herpes zoster, influenza, or COVID-19. Six studies included participants with varied solid tumours, while two focused on neck and oesophageal cancer or lung cancer. We assessed the RCTs to be at low or moderate risk of bias, whereas most NRSIs were at critical risk of bias due to concerns about confounding. We identified two ongoing studies: one RCT evaluating an influenza vaccine, and one NRSI evaluating COVID-19 vaccines. Twelve studies are awaiting assessment. We did not identify RCTs or NRSIs of vaccines for preventing pneumococcal disease, Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, meningococcal disease, pertussis, hepatitis B, tetanus, polio, or diphtheria compared to placebo or no vaccine. The results from the RCTs are presented below. The results from the NRSIs are detailed in the main text of the review. No study reported quality of life. Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster compared to placebo or no vaccine Three RCTs (3054 participants) evaluated vaccines to prevent herpes zoster. Herpes zoster vaccines decrease the incidence of herpes zoster up to 29.4 months after the final dose (RR 0.37, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.59; 1 RCT, 2678 participants; high-certainty evidence). Herpes zoster vaccines probably make little or no difference to all-cause mortality up to 28 days after the final dose (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.50; 2 RCTs, 2744 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); make little or no difference to any-grade AEs up to 30 days after final dose (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.05; 3 RCTs, 2976 participants; high-certainty evidence), and probably make little or no difference in SAEs up to 30 days (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.24; I² = 0%; 3 RCTs, 2976 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Vaccines to prevent herpes zoster increase the number of participants with localised events at the injection site compared to placebo or no vaccine (RR 6.81, 95% CI 2.52 to 18.40; 3 RCTs, 2966 participants; high-certainty evidence) and may make little or no difference to the number of participants with systemic events up to 30 days after final dose (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.50; 3 RCTs, 2966 participants; low-certainty evidence). Vaccines for preventing influenza compared to placebo or no vaccine One RCT (75 participants) evaluated vaccines to prevent influenza. We are uncertain about the effects of influenza vaccines administered prior to surgery on all-cause mortality (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.07 to 15.33; 1 RCT, 66 participants; very low-certainty evidence), any-grade AEs (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.54; 1 RCT, 75 participants; very low-certainty evidence), and SAEs (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.83; 1 RCT, 75 participants; very low-certainty evidence) up to 15 days post-surgery. The RCT did not report the incidence of influenza, localised events at the injection site, or systemic events. Vaccines for preventing COVID-19 compared to placebo or no vaccine One RCT (2256 participants) evaluated vaccines to prevent COVID-19. Participants may have been exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 variants alpha, beta, and gamma. Vaccines to prevent COVID-19 probably decrease the incidence of COVID-19 in participants without previous COVID-19 infection up to six months after the second dose (RR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.25; 1 RCT, 2100 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). The COVID-19 vaccines probably increase any-grade AEs (RR 1.99, 95% CI 1.71 to 2.30; 1 RCT, 2328 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). They may have little or no effect on SAEs up to 6 months after the second dose (RR 1.43, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.54; 1 RCT, 2328 participants; low-certainty evidence). The RCT did not report localised events at the injection site or systemic events.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: In adults with solid tumours, herpes zoster vaccines reduced the incidence of herpes zoster (high-certainty evidence), although localised events at the injection site were more likely to occur (high-certainty evidence). The evidence is very uncertain about the effects of influenza vaccines on all-cause mortality, any-grade AEs, and SAEs (very low-certainty evidence); the incidence of influenza was not measured in the studies. COVID-19 vaccines probably decrease the incidence of COVID-19 in those without prior infection (moderate-certainty evidence) but probably increase any-grade AEs (moderate-certainty evidence). We found no RCTs or NRSIs investigating vaccines for preventing pneumococcal disease, Haemophilus influenzae type b disease, meningococcal disease, pertussis, hepatitis B, tetanus, polio, diphtheria compared to placebo or no vaccine, in adults with solid tumours. Additional research, preferably of RCT design, is necessary to resolve uncertainties.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/complications/immunology
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Adult
Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use
Pneumococcal Vaccines
Bias
Influenza, Human/prevention & control
Pneumococcal Infections/prevention & control
COVID-19/prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
Meningococcal Infections/prevention & control
Placebos/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40237012,
year = {2025},
author = {Mateu-Arrom, L and Puig, L},
title = {Infection Risk and Vaccination in the Management of Psoriasis: Considerations for Biologic Therapy.},
journal = {Psoriasis (Auckland, N.Z.)},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {127-144},
pmid = {40237012},
issn = {2230-326X},
abstract = {This narrative review examines critical considerations for biologic treatment in psoriasis patients, with a focus on infection risks, providing current recommendations and practical considerations for prevention, including vaccination, screening, and management strategies. Since type I (Th1) inflammation and type III (Th17) inflammation protect against intracellular and extracellular infections, respectively, it is logical that biologic treatments blocking these pathways may be associated with an increased risk of infection. It has been proven that TNF inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of latent tuberculosis (LTBI) and hepatitis B virus reactivation. However, not all biologics exert the same immunosuppressive effect, as IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors may be associated with a lower risk of infection. In general, pre-treatment screening for reactivable infectious diseases is advised for all patients initiating biologic therapy. Vaccination schedules for patients with psoriasis under biologic treatment should mirror those of the general population, including annual influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. Live-attenuated vaccines are generally advised against in patients undergoing biologic treatment. However, some live-attenuated vaccines may be safely administered under specific circumstances with IL-17 or IL-23 inhibitors. Current guidelines and recommendations on this topic were initially designed for TNF inhibitors and later extrapolated to other classes of biologic agents. Thus, they should be revised to better align with the specific pathogenic mechanisms of drugs and clinical evidence, emphasizing individualized treatment approaches.},
}

@article {pmid40236285,
year = {2025},
author = {Müller, L and Wang, JJ and Dabbiru, VAS and Thiele, T and Schönborn, L},
title = {Anti-Platelet factor 4 immunothrombosis-not just heparin and vaccine triggers.},
journal = {Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {102729},
pmid = {40236285},
issn = {2475-0379},
abstract = {Derailments at the tightly regulated interface of blood coagulation and innate inflammatory immune responses can lead to pathologic immunothrombosis. A special subset of immunothrombosis is caused by antibodies against platelet-factor 4 (PF4). Anti-PF4 antibodies triggered by heparin treatment in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) are known for more than 50 years. Interest in anti-PF4 disorders rekindled when first cases of vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (VITT) occurred during the worldwide COVID-19 vaccination campaign. During this time new diagnostic procedures were established to identify affected patients and to differentiate between different kinds of anti-PF4 antibodies. This review article gives an overview about the current knowledge of HIT and VITT with concepts of the underlying pathogenesis. In addition to heparin and vaccination as known triggers for HIT and VITT, concepts for other clinical cases with anti-PF4 antibodies are described in more detail. Anti-PF4 antibodies in atypical HIT-like syndromes could be triggered by presentation of various polyanions, eg, in settings of orthopedic surgery or bacterial infections. Anti-PF4 antibodies in acute VITT-like disorders can occur after viral infections. Chronic VITT-like anti-PF4 antibodies causing recurrent thrombosis and thrombocytopenia are often linked to monoclonal gammopathies. For all disorders with anti-PF4 antibodies, timely identification in patients with thrombocytopenia with or without thrombosis is crucial for successful therapy.},
}

@article {pmid40235636,
year = {2025},
author = {Hamelin, DJ and Scicluna, M and Saadie, I and Mostefai, F and Grenier, JC and Baron, C and Caron, E and Hussin, JG},
title = {Predicting pathogen evolution and immune evasion in the age of artificial intelligence.},
journal = {Computational and structural biotechnology journal},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {1370-1382},
pmid = {40235636},
issn = {2001-0370},
abstract = {The genomic diversification of viral pathogens during viral epidemics and pandemics represents a major adaptive route for infectious agents to circumvent therapeutic and public health initiatives. Historically, strategies to address viral evolution have relied on responding to emerging variants after their detection, leading to delays in effective public health responses. Because of this, a long-standing yet challenging objective has been to forecast viral evolution by predicting potentially harmful viral mutations prior to their emergence. The promises of artificial intelligence (AI) coupled with the exponential growth of viral data collection infrastructures spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic, have resulted in a research ecosystem highly conducive to this objective. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic accelerating the development of pandemic mitigation and preparedness strategies, many of the methods discussed here were designed in the context of SARS-CoV-2 evolution. However, most of these pipelines were intentionally designed to be adaptable across RNA viruses, with several strategies already applied to multiple viral species. In this review, we explore recent breakthroughs that have facilitated the forecasting of viral evolution in the context of an ongoing pandemic, with particular emphasis on deep learning architectures, including the promising potential of language models (LM). The approaches discussed here employ strategies that leverage genomic, epidemiologic, immunologic and biological information.},
}

@article {pmid40068656,
year = {2025},
author = {Chutinet, A and Charnnarong, C and Suwanwela, NC},
title = {Stroke from Infection.},
journal = {Cerebrovascular diseases extra},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {118-129},
doi = {10.1159/000544986},
pmid = {40068656},
issn = {1664-5456},
mesh = {Humans ; *Stroke/microbiology/physiopathology/epidemiology/diagnosis/immunology ; Risk Factors ; Risk Assessment ; Prognosis ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; *Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/complications ; *Virus Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Stroke related to infections represents a less common but significant cause, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This review examines the pathophysiology of stroke from infections, involving both direct and indirect mechanisms.

SUMMARY: Bacterial infections such as tuberculous meningitis and infective endocarditis can directly cause strokes through local inflammation, arteritis, and septic embolism. Viral infections like Varicella zoster virus and HIV increase stroke risk through chronic immune activation, vasculopathy, and endothelial dysfunction. Parasitic infections, particularly malaria and neurocysticercosis, can cause strokes via vascular occlusion and inflammatory responses. Fungal infections like aspergillosis and mucormycosis can lead to strokes through vasculitis and direct invasion of the CNS.

KEY MESSAGES: Understanding the mechanisms by which various infectious agents contribute to stroke pathogenesis is essential for developing targeted therapeutic strategies and improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to establish effective prevention and treatment for infection-related strokes, especially in low- and middle-income countries.},
}

Humans
*Stroke/microbiology/physiopathology/epidemiology/diagnosis/immunology
Risk Factors
Risk Assessment
Prognosis
Host-Pathogen Interactions
*Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/complications
*Virus Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis

@article {pmid40235384,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, C and Chen, F and Lü, S},
title = {[Current status and challenges of zoonosis prevention and control: a One Health perspective].},
journal = {Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control},
volume = {37},
number = {1},
pages = {98-103},
doi = {10.16250/j.32.1915.2024105},
pmid = {40235384},
issn = {1005-6661},
support = {NPRC-2019-194-30//National Parasite Resource Center/ ; H-2018072//Special Fund for the Training of High-Level Health and Medical Science and Technology Talents in Yunnan Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Zoonoses/prevention & control ; *One Health ; Humans ; Animals ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Echinococcosis/prevention & control ; Rabies/prevention & control ; Schistosomiasis/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {Zoonosis prevention and control is a complex public health concern, which requires the collaboration of multiple regions, disciplines, and departments to enhance the effectiveness. The One Health concept aims to achieve the joint health security of humans, animals and environments through cross-disciplinary, cross-sector and cross-field collaborations. This review summarizes the development of One Health and the successful practices in the prevention and control of echinococcosis, rabies, COVID-19 and schistosomiasis, as well as explores the challenges faced in applying this concept to the prevention and control of zoonoses, so as to provide insights into formulation of the integrated zoonoses control strategy and implementation of zoonoses control interventions at the human-animal-environment interface.},
}

*Zoonoses/prevention & control
*One Health
Humans
Animals
COVID-19/prevention & control
Echinococcosis/prevention & control
Rabies/prevention & control
Schistosomiasis/prevention & control

@article {pmid40235373,
year = {2025},
author = {Wei, C and Lin, Z and Yang, Z and Zhou, H and Zhou, X and Yang, R},
title = {[Malaria elimination strategy and joint prevention and control of malaria across China-Myanmar border areas: an overview].},
journal = {Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control},
volume = {37},
number = {1},
pages = {19-23},
doi = {10.16250/j.32.1915.2024281},
pmid = {40235373},
issn = {1005-6661},
mesh = {*Malaria/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Humans ; Myanmar/epidemiology ; China/epidemiology ; *Disease Eradication/methods ; },
abstract = {Yunnan Province borders with Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos, the China-Myanmar border area is the key area for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria after the disease was eliminated in China. Since the malaria elimination action plan was launched in Yunnan Province in 2011, 129 counties (cities, districts) were classified into three categories according to malaria incidence and transmission risk, and different technical strategies and measures were implemented with adaptations to local circumstances. A total of 68 malaria consultation service stations were established on the Chinese side of the China-Myanmar border and 80 malaria prevention and control stations were established on the Myanmar side by Yunnan Province in 2014. Then, the "Three Lines of Defense" strategy was implemented for malaria elimination in the China-Myanmar border area in Yunnan Province during the period from 2015 to 2018, and this strategy was further refined and adjusted to the "3 + 1" strategy for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria in 2019. Through decades of multifaceted efforts, the malaria elimination goal was achieved in Yunnan Province in June 2021. However, the number of imported malaria cases appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yunnan Province in 2023 and 2024, due to changes in the situation in Myanmar and the gradual resumption of international travel and border crossings following the adjustment of the COVID-19 prevention and control policy in China. The joint malaria prevention and control cooperation between China and Myanmar was initiated with the pilot project for joint malaria prevention and control in the China-Myanmar border area in 2005, and this project was progressed into the joint malaria and dengue fever prevention and control project in parts of the Greater Mekong Subregion border areas in 2010. The threat of overseas malaria epidemics to border areas in Yunnan Province was effectively reduced through implementation of coordination meetings with Myanmar health departments, establishment of efficient information exchange mechanisms, establishment of overseas surveillance sentinel sites, technical training, provision of material supports, joint propagation activities and joint responses to malaria epidemics. This project was incorporated into the Five-Year Plan of Action on Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (2018-2022) in China in 2018, with 5 liaison offices and 20 liaison workstations established in Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand, and 21 cross-border malaria surveillance sites assigned in border areas of Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam, and a long-term malaria prevention and control cooperation mechanisms was established through meetings, training, propagation, and joint investigations. Currently, Yunnan Province is poised to engage in more extensive and in-depth cooperation with neighboring countries, including malaria diagnosis and treatment techniques, drug and vaccine research and development, talent cultivation, information sharing, cross-border human health services, and health promotion, under the guidance of the Five-Year Plan of Action on Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (2023-2027).},
}

*Malaria/prevention & control/epidemiology
Humans
Myanmar/epidemiology
China/epidemiology
*Disease Eradication/methods

@article {pmid40234876,
year = {2025},
author = {Ren, X and Liu, G and Zhou, J},
title = {Nuclear-activating miRNAs: unveiling the intricacies of subcellular miRNA function and regulation in cancer and immunity disease.},
journal = {Cancer cell international},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {147},
pmid = {40234876},
issn = {1475-2867},
support = {20-205-4-096//Shenyang Science and Technology Project of China/ ; },
abstract = {MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that traditionally recognized as negative regulators of gene expression through post-transcriptional regulation in the cytoplasm. However, recent discoveries have unveiled some novel miRNA functions in the cell nucleus, where a subset of miRNAs, termed nuclear-activating miRNAs (NamiRNAs), play pivotal roles in gene activation and transcriptional regulation for cancer and immunity disease. The discovery of NamiRNAs demonstrated a complementary regulatory function of miRNA, showing their differential activities in the nucleus and cytoplasm. This review aims to explore the biogenesis, mechanisms, and regulatory functions of NamiRNAs, deciphering their involvement in NamiRNA-gene network for gene expression modulation, and emerging significance as drug targets against cancer.},
}

@article {pmid40234831,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheuyem, FZL and Amani, A and Achangwa, C and Ajong, BN and Minkandi, CA and Zeh, MMMK and Ntsek, LLE and Essomba, JP and Jiogue, RC and Ndagijimana, O and Nchanji, NE and Danwang, C},
title = {COVID- 19 vaccine uptake and its determinants in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2021-2024).},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {525},
pmid = {40234831},
issn = {1471-2334},
mesh = {Humans ; Cameroon/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/statistics & numerical data ; *Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 vaccination is crucial for mitigating the pandemic's impact. However, vaccine hesitancy and access challenges have hindered global vaccination efforts. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled COVID-19 vaccine uptake proportion and identify associated determinants in Cameroon.

METHODS: This review, conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, identified articles through searches of electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, as well as through gray literature. The search encompassed published and unpublished studies from 2021 to 2024 reporting on COVID-19 vaccine uptake and/or acceptance in Cameroon. Extracted data were compiled in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using R statistical software (version 4.4.2). A random-effects model was employed when heterogeneity exceeded 50%. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Egger's and Begg's tests. Meta-regression was used to explore the influence of study characteristics.

RESULTS: Twenty-two studies, encompassing 24,130 participants, were included. The pooled vaccine uptake proportion was 37.14% (95% CI: 29.24-45.05) with substantial heterogeneity (I[2] = 98.2%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed lower uptake among the general population (23.18%; 95% CI: 10.11-36.25) and in community settings (16.0%; 95% CI: 0.97-31.04) compared with healthcare workers (42.12%; 95% CI: 34.14-50.09). Younger age (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.42-0.67) was inversely associated with vaccine uptake, while being in a partnership (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.11-2.27) was positively associated. Higher levels of education (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.56-1.97), urban residence (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.21-2.29) were positively associated with vaccine acceptance.

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis revealed a suboptimal pooled COVID-19 vaccine uptake required to ensure a herd immunity. The results of this meta-analysis underline the crucial need to step up efforts to improve vaccination coverage, particularly among the most vulnerable populations. Identifying and addressing the factors underlying this low coverage is imperative if public health objectives are to be met. Public health interventions should be tailored to address the specific concerns and needs of different age groups and marital statuses.},
}

Humans
Cameroon/epidemiology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Vaccination Hesitancy/statistics & numerical data
*Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
Adult

@article {pmid40234308,
year = {2025},
author = {Suhr, M and Keese, M},
title = {The Role of Virtual Physical Therapy in the Management of Musculoskeletal Patients: Current Practices and Future Implications.},
journal = {Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40234308},
issn = {1935-973X},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The rapid evolution of virtual technology and artificial intelligence (AI), combined with physical distancing limitations imparted by the COVID- 19 pandemic, has hastened the shift of healthcare toward digitally enabled practitioners. As physical therapy embraces virtual care, its impact is far-reaching across stakeholders, affecting patients, providers, and payors. This article seeks to explore the role of virtual physical therapy (VPT) in managing patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions and its impact on healthcare and patient outcomes.

RECENT FINDINGS: While research on VPT is growing, high-quality studies remain limited due to challenges in conducting blinded, randomized controlled trials, sponsor bias, and the diversity of digital solutions that complicate comparative studies. Nevertheless, general literature trends show that VPT, particularly when guided by a physical therapist, can yield improvements in pain and function comparable to in-person therapy. VPT demonstrates fair to excellent reliability and validity across key assessment areas, successfully identifying MSK diagnoses and delivering outcomes similar to conventional treatment for pain, function, and quality of life across multiple MSK disorders. Additionally, VPT addresses adherence issues by reducing travel, costs, and exposure risks, while technology enhancements foster patient engagement and communication with therapists. By increasing access and adherence to PT, VPT has the potential to optimize outcomes and curb long-term healthcare costs by preventing progression to more expensive interventions. Virtual care harnesses technology to advance musculoskeletal care by improving access, enhancing patient-provider communication and connection, and optimizing patient engagement and outcomes. VPT moves beyond replication of the in-person experience to an enhanced patient journey. This journey taps into technological advancements to deliver a more integrated experience that engages and supports the patient. VPT offers a sophisticated model of care from the therapist, emphasizing evidence-based practice and critical thinking.},
}

@article {pmid40234304,
year = {2025},
author = {Boulton, AJM and Jenkins, AJ and Makkar, B and Mankovsky, B and Abera, MA and Tesfaye, S},
title = {Diabetes and natural and man-made disasters: prevention, preparation, response and recovery.},
journal = {Diabetologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40234304},
issn = {1432-0428},
abstract = {Both the global prevalence of diabetes and the frequency of natural and man-made disasters are increasing. Of all chronic diseases, the consequences of sudden loss of medical supplies are most serious for those with diabetes, with people living with type 1 diabetes being at risk of death within a few days without insulin. This review considers how to prepare for and respond to sudden reductions in medical supplies to those with diabetes. Recent experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic in India, the war in Ukraine and the war/blockade in the Tigray region of Ethiopia are described, and the importance of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery are discussed. It is hoped that lessons from these and other disasters and ongoing advocacy and other actions may help to mitigate the risks of significant morbidity and mortality for people with diabetes in disaster-impacted regions across the world.},
}

@article {pmid40233916,
year = {2025},
author = {Pan, M and Cao, W and Zhai, J and Zheng, C and Xu, Y and Zhang, P},
title = {mRNA-based vaccines and therapies - a revolutionary approach for conquering fast-spreading infections and other clinical applications: a review.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {143134},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143134},
pmid = {40233916},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines has made significant progress in the pharmaceutical industry. The two COVID-19 mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech have been approved for marketing and have made significant contributions to preventing the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, mRNA therapy has brought hope to some diseases that do not have specific treatment methods or are difficult to treat, such as the Zika virus and influenza virus infections, as well as the prevention and treatment of tumors. With the rapid development of in vitro transcription (IVT) technology, delivery systems, and adjuvants, mRNA therapy has also been applied to hereditary diseases such as Fabry's disease. This article reviews the recent development of mRNA vaccines for structural modification, treatment and prevention of different diseases; delivery carriers and adjuvants; and routes of administration to promote the clinical application of mRNA therapies.},
}

@article {pmid40233885,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, H and Weng, R and Li, J and Huang, Z and Tie, X and Li, J and Chen, K},
title = {Self-Assembling protein nanoparticle platform for multivalent antigen delivery in vaccine development.},
journal = {International journal of pharmaceutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {125597},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125597},
pmid = {40233885},
issn = {1873-3476},
abstract = {Nanoparticle vaccines can efficiently and repeatedly display multivalent antigens, thereby improving the targeted delivery of antigens and inducing more durable immune responses, making them an important representative of novel vaccines. The global COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of nanoparticle vaccines, offering a promising solution for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Currently, the development of nanoparticle vaccines involves the use of various types of nanoparticles, including liposomes, polymers, inorganic materials, and emulsions. Protein nanoparticles candidate vaccines are attracting increasing attention because of their unique antigen presentation methods and self-assembly characteristics during their development, leading to a broad consensus on their promising future. Naturally self-assembling protein nanoparticles, such as ferritin, enhance antigen presentation, which aids in the activation of both humoral and cellular immune responses. This has led to significant advancements in the study of hepatitis B virus. Meanwhile, some synthetically engineered protein nanoparticles, such as mi3, and I53-50, can induce higher antibody titers through chemical conjugation with the SpyTag-SpyCatcher system, thereby providing better immunoprotection and showing promising prospects in the prevention of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus infections. This article reviews the unique advantages of protein nanoparticles as antigen delivery platforms, progress made in immunological design mechanisms, advances in the application of related adjuvants in preclinical and clinical trials, and the performance of commonly used computationally designed protein nanoparticles in preclinical trials, with a particular emphasis on the progress in the application of cationic nanoparticle vaccines. The aim is to provide future researchers with effective adjuvant strategies and high-quality selections for computationally designed protein nanoparticles, thereby promoting the clinical trial process of protein nanoparticles vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid40233794,
year = {2025},
author = {Zwicklbauer, K and Bergmann, M and Alberer, M and von Both, U and Hartmann, K},
title = {[Feline infectious peritonitis - a current overview].},
journal = {Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K, Kleintiere/Heimtiere},
volume = {53},
number = {2},
pages = {96-102},
doi = {10.1055/a-2524-3760},
pmid = {40233794},
issn = {2567-5842},
mesh = {Animals ; *Feline Infectious Peritonitis/virology/diagnosis/therapy/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Cats ; *Coronavirus, Feline/genetics/pathogenicity ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Coronaviruses (CoVs) are positive, single-stranded RNA viruses that can infect various animal species as well as humans. Particularly relevant for cats is the feline coronavirus (FCoV), which is widespread in cat populations worldwide. Infection with FCoV is usually asymptomatic. However, in multi-cat households, approximately 5-12% of FCoV-infected cats develop feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) due to mutations in the spike gene. FIP is an immune-mediated disease that previously was always fatal. These mutations result in a tropism shift from enterocytes to monocytes and macrophages. The associated change in the virulence of FCoV leads to the characteristic granulomatous vasculitis and perivasculitis observed in FIP. Recently, significant advancements have been made in understanding FIP. Studies show that antiviral drugs used in human medicine, such as the nucleoside analog GS-441524, are effective against FIP and can provide affected cats with a survival chance of up to 100%. Additionally, a novel FCoV variant, FCoV-23, has been identified in cats from Cyprus. According to newest research, this virus arose through a recombination between FCoV and the highly virulent pantropic canine coronavirus; it can be directly transmitted from cat to cat and lead to FIP. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that FIP is frequently associated with myocarditis. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on FIP, including its pathology, clinical signs, effective treatment options, and preventive measures.},
}

Animals
*Feline Infectious Peritonitis/virology/diagnosis/therapy/drug therapy/epidemiology
Cats
*Coronavirus, Feline/genetics/pathogenicity
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40233451,
year = {2025},
author = {Yao, Z and Feng, Z and Zhang, H and Zhang, B},
title = {ScRNA-Seq reveals T cell immunity in COVID-19 patients and implications for immunotherapy.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {155},
number = {},
pages = {114663},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114663},
pmid = {40233451},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, poses significant health threats due to its high transmissibility and potential for severe respiratory complications. T cells, central to adaptive immunity, also interact with innate immunity, playing a pivotal role in coordinating defenses and eliminating infected cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has provided more subtle heterogeneity, rare subpopulations, or new subpopulations that are at the district differentiation stage or with specific function. Thus, elucidating how T cell heterogeneity impacts COVID-19 disease severity remains a critical question requiring comprehensive analysis. This review revealed the heterogeneity of the host T cells, including conventional T cells (CD8[+], CD4[+] T cells) and unconventional T cells, including natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) and gamma-delta T (γδT) cells in COVID-19 patients with different clinical manifestations. Severe COVID-19 had marked lymphopenia, excessive activation, elevated exhaustion and reduced functional diversity of T cells. Pathogenic contributions arise from dysregulated cytotoxic T cells, Treg cells and unconventional T cells collectively driving systemic hyperinflammation and tissue injury. Current therapeutic strategies targeting T cells-such as enhancing virus-specific T cell responses, reverting T-cell exhaustion and alleviating inflammation-exhibit inconsistent efficacy, underscoring the need for combinatorial approaches. This review highlights how scRNA-seq deciphers T cell heterogeneity and dysfunction in COVID-19. By targeting T cell exhaustion, inflammation, and subset-specific deficits, these insights pave the way for therapies and vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid40232102,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, D and Chen, W and Lin, Z and Liu, L and Zhang, M and Yang, H and Liu, Z and Chen, L},
title = {Viral Transmission in Sea Food Systems: Strategies for Control and Emerging Challenges.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40232102},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had widespread and severe impacts on both the global economy and human health. Facing the continuously mutating virus, this crisis has heightened concerns among consumers and businesses regarding viral transmission through seafood, particularly in the face of emerging, unknown viruses, underscoring our preparedness gaps. This review provides a succinct overview of the survival mechanisms of prevalent viruses in seafood, examines potential transmission pathways to humans during seafood processing, and discusses strategies for mitigating their spread throughout the seafood supply chain. Furthermore, the discussion highlights emerging trends in innovative antiviral technologies aimed at enhancing food safety. Person-to-person transmission remains the most likely source of infection within the supply chain. Therefore, it is still imperative to adhere to the implementation of standard processes, namely good manufacturing practices (GMP) and good hygiene practices (GHP), in the seafood business. In light of the significant losses caused by this crisis and the persistent presence of various viruses within the seafood supply chain, efforts are needed to implement predictive and preventive measures against potential emerging viruses. Future research should focus on monitoring and limiting viral transmission by integrating Industry 4.0 applications, smart technologies, and antiviral packaging, maximizing the potential of these emerging solutions.},
}

@article {pmid39924244,
year = {2025},
author = {Ishizuka, Y and Oe, Y and Kinomura, S and Kin, S and Noguchi, Y and Kikuchi, K and Yoshida, M and Makino, R and Okamoto, K and Nagasawa, T and Toyohara, T and Miyazaki, M and Sato, H and Onishi, Y and Warita, H and Tanaka, T},
title = {Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia/Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma Developing Renal AA Amyloidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.},
journal = {Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {64},
number = {8},
pages = {1199-1204},
doi = {10.2169/internalmedicine.4678-24},
pmid = {39924244},
issn = {1349-7235},
mesh = {Humans ; *Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/complications/diagnosis ; Male ; Aged ; *Amyloidosis/etiology/diagnosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology ; Fatal Outcome ; COVID-19/complications ; *Kidney Diseases/etiology/diagnosis ; Kidney/pathology ; Serum Amyloid A Protein ; },
abstract = {AA amyloidosis is a rare renal complication of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (WM/LPL). A 66-year-old man with WM/LPL presented with nephrotic syndrome. A renal biopsy showed AA amyloidosis. Chemotherapy resulted in the remission of hematologic and nephrotic syndromes. Two years into follow-up, he became infected with coronavirus disease 2019 and had massive proteinuria, despite no relapse of WM/LPL. A second renal biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of AA amyloidosis. However, increased prednisolone did not improve proteinuria. The patient ultimately died of cryptococcal meningitis. This case highlights the diverse spectrum of renal involvement in monoclonal IgM-secreting diseases and difficulty in managing fatal complications.},
}

Humans
*Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia/complications/diagnosis
Male
Aged
*Amyloidosis/etiology/diagnosis
Nephrotic Syndrome/etiology
Fatal Outcome
COVID-19/complications
*Kidney Diseases/etiology/diagnosis
Kidney/pathology
Serum Amyloid A Protein

@article {pmid40231930,
year = {2025},
author = {Jackson, A and Lewis-Lloyd, CA and Merotohun, O and Crooks, CJ and Humes, DJ},
title = {Venous thromboembolism risk in the postoperative interval during the COVID-19 pandemic: meta-analysis.},
journal = {BJS open},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/bjsopen/zraf039},
pmid = {40231930},
issn = {2474-9842},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; *Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology ; *Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Incidence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, global trends emerged, indicating increased venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence among postoperative patients, potentially attributable to perioperative COVID-19 infection. However, there are insufficient data on VTE incidence among postoperative patients in the context of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine the global incidence of postoperative VTE during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase databases, as well as three other registered databases, was conducted from 1 January 2019 to 3 November 2023, with pre-registration in PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42023460464). Any study reporting patients aged ≥18 years undergoing surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic was included. Outcomes were aggregated absolute and unadjusted relative risks, plus incidence rates per 1000 person-years, of 30- or 90-day postoperative VTE in patients operated on before or during the COVID-19 pandemic and those with or without perioperative COVID-19 infection during the pandemic.

RESULTS: Of 5943 studies, 17 were available for meta-analysis, reporting on 3 035 037 patients. VTE incidence rates in perioperative COVID-19-positive compared with COVID-19-negative patients were significantly higher after total joint arthroplasty (244 (95% c.i. 110 to 541) versus 71 (95% c.i. 47 to 108) per 1000 person-years), other orthopaedic surgery (253 (95% c.i. 240 to 266) versus 138 (95% c.i. 84 to 229) per 1000 person-years), and emergency general and gastrointestinal surgery (474 (95% c.i. 226 to 995) versus 97 (95% c.i. 61 to 157) per 1000 person-years). No significant differences in VTE rates were reported in studies comparing pre-pandemic and pandemic VTE incidence rates.

CONCLUSION: There were consistent increased VTE rates in perioperative COVID-19-positive patients, particularly those undergoing orthopaedic surgery, and emergency general and gastrointestinal surgery. Further investigation is required to delineate postoperative VTE risk and how it varies by COVID-19 variant and vaccination to inform future practice.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/complications
*Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology
*Postoperative Complications/epidemiology
Incidence
SARS-CoV-2
Risk Factors

@article {pmid40231656,
year = {2025},
author = {Phillips, B and Abbott, C and Breit, S and St Onge, E},
title = {Olezarsen for the Treatment of Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome.},
journal = {The Annals of pharmacotherapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {10600280251332500},
doi = {10.1177/10600280251332500},
pmid = {40231656},
issn = {1542-6270},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olezarsen (Tryngolza) in treating familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), a rare genetic disorder characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia.

DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed from January 2022 to mid-March 2025, using keywords such as olezarsen, antisense oligonucleotide, triglyceride, hypertriglyceridemia, apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), and cardiovascular.

Relevant English-language studies assessing the pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, efficacy, or safety of olezarsen were included. Data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved package insert were also reviewed.

DATA SYNTHESIS: Olezarsen is an antisense oligonucleotide targeting APOC3 mRNA, a key regulator of plasma triglyceride levels. It has been shown to significantly reduce triglyceride levels via APOC3 protein degradation. Clinical trials have demonstrated substantial reductions in triglyceride levels and APOC3, with minimal adverse events. Phase 2 and 3 trials showed consistent efficacy and safety profiles, with common adverse events including COVID-19 infection, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice in Comparison to Existing Drugs:Olezarsen offers a targeted and effective treatment for FCS, addressing limitations of traditional therapies such as fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and statins. Its novel mechanism of action and once-monthly dosing regimen may improve patient adherence, providing significant advancement in FCS management.

CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: Olezarsen represents a new treatment for FCS, offering a targeted approach to significantly reduce triglyceride levels. Its integration into clinical practice has the potential to transform the management of FCS; however, more studies are needed to firmly establish its role.},
}

@article {pmid40231214,
year = {2025},
author = {Serafini, RA and Frere, JJ and Giosan, IM and Nwaneshiudu, CA},
title = {SARS-CoV-2-induced sensory perturbations: A narrative review of clinical phenotypes, molecular pathologies, and possible interventions.},
journal = {Brain, behavior, & immunity - health},
volume = {45},
number = {},
pages = {100983},
pmid = {40231214},
issn = {2666-3546},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The acute and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been of great clinical interest since the inception of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite a high prevalence of individuals with persistent symptoms, a wholistic view of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on special sensory systems is lacking. Considering the significant impact of normal sensory function on quality of life, the goal of this review is to highlight unresolved issues related to SARS-CoV-2-associated insults to the sensory nervous system.

MAJOR FINDINGS: In this narrative review, we discuss the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2-induced sensory perturbations, underlying pathological mechanisms, and possible therapeutic strategies across the olfactory, gustatory, somatosensory, visual, and auditory systems. Examined literature included studies with human biospecimens, human-derived cell lines, and naturally susceptible animal models, which highlighted evidence of persistent functional disruption in all sensory systems. SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with persistent inflammation in the olfactory epithelium/bulb, somatosensory ganglia, and gustatory systems, long-term transcriptional perturbations in the sensory central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, and detectable degeneration/apoptosis in the gustatory and visual systems. Few studies have proposed evidence-based therapeutic strategies for attenuating specific sensory abnormalities after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

CONCLUSION: While the olfactory system, and to some extent the visual and somatosensory systems, have been more thoroughly investigated from symptomatology, behavioral and molecular perspectives, there is still an unmet need for the development of therapeutics to treat COVID-induced impairment of these systems. Further, additional attention must be placed on COVID-associated impairment of the gustatory, visual, and auditory systems, which lack detailed mechanistic investigations into their pathogenesis.},
}

@article {pmid40231071,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhao, X and Du, X and Bai, S and Zheng, P and Zhou, X and Wang, Z},
title = {Differences in depression prevalence among older adults in China before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e19251},
pmid = {40231071},
issn = {2167-8359},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; China/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Aged ; *Depression/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Female ; Male ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Changes in the prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic among older adults in China have not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to systematically summarize existing evidence to conduct a meta-analysis to quantify changes in the prevalence of depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WangFang Data, CQVIP, and China Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) databases were searched from January 1, 2017, to November 20, 2024. Studies reporting the prevalence of depression among Chinese individuals aged 60 or older using validated diagnostic tools were included. A random-effects model was applied to estimate pooled prevalence, with subgroup analyses performed by demographic and socio-economic factors. Relative risks (RR) were calculated to compare prevalence across different pandemic stages.

RESULTS: A total of 101 studies involving 264,758 participants were included. The pooled prevalence of depression among older adults was 25.8% (95% CI [21.7-29.9]) from 2017-2019 and 23.8% (95% CI [19.8-27.8]) from 2020-2023. During the early pandemic stage (January-April 2020), prevalence significantly decreased (RR = 0.849, P < .001) but increased in later stages, reaching 24.4% by 2021-2023. The prevalence of depression among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic showed a significant increasing trend (P trend  < .001). Subgroup analyses revealed higher prevalence among females, rural residents, individuals with lower education levels, and those living alone.

CONCLUSION: Depression prevalence among older adults in China decreased during the early pandemic response but showed an increasing trend over time, reflecting the complex mental health impact of prolonged public health measures. Effective interventions are needed to address the specific needs of vulnerable subgroups during and beyond public health crises.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
China/epidemiology
Prevalence
Aged
*Depression/epidemiology
Middle Aged
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Female
Male
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid40228664,
year = {2025},
author = {Gabizon, AA},
title = {Cancer nanomedicine from a clinician-scientist perspective: Lessons and prospects.},
journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {113731},
doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113731},
pmid = {40228664},
issn = {1873-4995},
abstract = {The nanomedicine field has progressed enormously in the last couple of decades. From a loose group of liposomologists, polymer scientists, chemical engineers, and experts in metal nanoparticles, mesoporous silica, and other nanomaterials, the field has gradually consolidated and has generated vast amounts of research and clinical data, but, until the development of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based vaccinations for Covid-19, has remained with low visibility in the clinic. Applications in the cancer field are the most frequently sought projects in nanomedicine. For the last 45 years, my clinical career has mingled with my research career focusing on ways to formulate drugs in liposomes to improve their safety and efficacy in cancer therapy. In this review, I will discuss my contribution to the development of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and other cancer nanomedicines from my privileged position as a clinician and scientist.},
}

@article {pmid40227513,
year = {2025},
author = {Casazza, M and Bolz, M and Huemer, J},
title = {Telemedicine in ophthalmology.},
journal = {Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40227513},
issn = {1563-258X},
abstract = {Since its beginnings in the 1970s, telemedicine has advanced extensively. Telemedicine is now more accessible and powerful than ever thanks to developments in medical imaging, Internet accessibility, advancements in telecommunications infrastructure, exponential growth in computing power, and related computer-aided diagnoses. This is especially true in the field of ophthalmology. With the COVID 19 pandemic serving as a catalyst for the widespread adoption and acceptance of teleophthalmology, new models of healthcare provision integrating telemedicine are needed to meet the challenges of the modern world. The demand for ophthalmic services is growing globally due to population growth, aging, and a shortage of ophthalmologists. In this review, we discuss the development and use of telemedicine in the field of ophthalmology and shed light on the benefits and drawbacks of teleophthalmology.},
}

@article {pmid40227096,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, J and Zhou, J and Li, P and Wang, Y and Ridderhof, N and Al-Tawfiq, JA and Brouwer, WP and Chen, K and de Knegt, RJ and Peppelenbosch, MP and Hansen, BE and Engel, MFM and Zheng, MH and Memish, ZA and Eslam, M and Janssen, HLA and Pan, Q and Ayada, I},
title = {The global prevalence and impact of steatotic liver disease and viral infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Hepatology communications},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/HC9.0000000000000689},
pmid = {40227096},
issn = {2471-254X},
mesh = {Humans ; Prevalence ; *Fatty Liver/epidemiology/virology ; Coinfection/epidemiology ; *HIV Infections/epidemiology/complications ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/complications ; Global Health ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) affects ~30% of adults worldwide. The global population is continuously threatened by epidemic and endemic viral diseases. This study aims to thoroughly examine the interaction between SLD and major viral diseases.

METHODS: We systematically searched databases from inception to April 2, 2024, for observational studies recording viral-infected adult patients with eligible data on the presence of hepatic steatosis.

RESULTS: Six hundred thirty-six eligible studies were included in the analysis of SLD prevalence. Among patients with monoinfections, the highest SLD prevalence was observed in those infected with HCV at 49% (95% CI: 47%-51%), followed by SARS-CoV-2 (39%, 95% CI [34%-44%]), HIV (39%, 95% CI [33%-44%]), and HBV (36%, 95% CI [32%-40%]). Additionally, co-infections, such as HCV-HIV and HBV-HCV, exhibit even higher SLD prevalence. The prevalence of steatohepatitis is particularly high in HIV-infected (24%, 95% CI: 17%-30%) and HCV-infected (18%, 95% CI: 13%-24%) populations. The co-existence of SLD with viral infections was associated not only with the progression of liver disease but also with more severe outcomes of the infections and poorer responses to antiviral treatment. The combination of cardiometabolic risk factors and viral-associated and host factors contributes to the higher risk of SLD in viral-infected populations.

CONCLUSIONS: SLD is highly prevalent in viral-infected populations, and the reciprocal interactions between SLD and viral diseases exacerbate both conditions, leading to poorer patient outcomes in general.},
}

Humans
Prevalence
*Fatty Liver/epidemiology/virology
Coinfection/epidemiology
*HIV Infections/epidemiology/complications
*COVID-19/epidemiology/complications
Global Health
Hepatitis C/epidemiology
Hepatitis B/epidemiology/complications
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40227027,
year = {2025},
author = {Wetherell, W},
title = {Review of the Emergency Preparedness, Resilience, and Response Exercise Frequency of NHS Acute Trusts in England.},
journal = {Disaster medicine and public health preparedness},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {e91},
doi = {10.1017/dmp.2025.99},
pmid = {40227027},
issn = {1938-744X},
mesh = {Humans ; England ; State Medicine/organization & administration/statistics & numerical data ; *Civil Defense/methods/statistics & numerical data/standards ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Disaster Planning/methods/statistics & numerical data/standards ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In England, the Civil Contingencies Act (Contingency Planning) Regulations 2005 require National Health Service (NHS) Trusts which provide hospital accommodation and services in relation to accidents or emergencies to conduct Emergency Preparedness, Resilience and Response (EPRR) exercises. The NHS England EPRR Framework specifies the minimum frequencies of these exercises. This review assessed the number of Trusts conducting exercises in accordance with these frequencies one year after the national NHS COVID-19 response was stepped down.

METHODS: The outcome of interest was the number of Trusts having a record of conducting their most recent exercises in accordance with the minimum frequencies required by the NHS England EPRR Framework.

RESULTS: Of the applicable 122 Trusts, 95 had a record of conducting a communication systems exercise, 115 had a record of conducting a table-top exercise, 106 had a record of conducting a live play exercise and 90 had a record of conducting a command post exercise in accordance with the minimum frequencies.

CONCLUSION: Over one fifth of Trusts did not have a record of conducting an EPRR communications systems exercise as required. This review may also be of interest to other state-level bodies which specify high level EPRR requirements to healthcare providers.},
}

Humans
England
State Medicine/organization & administration/statistics & numerical data
*Civil Defense/methods/statistics & numerical data/standards
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Disaster Planning/methods/statistics & numerical data/standards

@article {pmid40226776,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, Y and Sun, L and Guan, S and Li, R and Yang, J and Cao, Y and Zhang, L and Li, T and Zhang, H and Bueber, M and Hall, BJ and Phillips, MR and Li, C},
title = {Evolving role of the internet in China as a medium for promoting psychological well-being and mental health: a scoping review.},
journal = {The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific},
volume = {56},
number = {},
pages = {101515},
pmid = {40226776},
issn = {2666-6065},
abstract = {The rapid development of China's 5G 'Internet Plus' industry has led to increasing use of the Internet to provide healthcare services. Internet-based services in China are already widely used to prevent, identify, monitor, and manage mental disorders, but few of these services have been formally evaluated. To provide a clear baseline of this rapidly evolving field, we searched articles published before December 31, 2022, about internet-based interventions and surveys for mental health-related conditions in China in five international databases (Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases (CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, and WanFang). The 143 identified studies-54 in Chinese and 89 in English-described internet-based interventions and surveys in individuals with mental disorders, community residents, college students, older adults, pregnant women, and health professionals. The number of identified studies, which were mainly conducted in economically developed regions of the country, quadrupled after the 2019 onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Available studies suggest-but do not prove-that internet-based interventions can reduce the severity of psychiatric symptoms, decrease healthcare costs, and improve the quality of life for individuals with mental disorders. Innovative smartphone applications could potentially improve the quality and expand the scope of internet-based interventions, making them a key component in ongoing efforts to prevent and monitor mental illness, enhance the self-management of mental disorders, and alleviate psychological distress among adolescents and other at-risk populations. However, achieving this long-term goal will require establishing standardised methods of administering internet-based interventions, training mental health professionals to implement and monitor the interventions, identifying methods of maintaining the confidentiality of collected information, and rigorously assessing the effectiveness of the interventions based on periodic assessment of uniform outcome measures. Clinical and policy research about expanding internet-based mental health interventions should focus on confidentiality, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.},
}

@article {pmid40226433,
year = {2025},
author = {Abou Mansour, M and El Rassi, C and Sleem, B and Borghol, R and Arabi, M},
title = {Thromboembolic Events in the Era of COVID-19: A Detailed Narrative Review.},
journal = {The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {3804576},
pmid = {40226433},
issn = {1712-9532},
abstract = {COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is not only characterized by respiratory symptoms but is also associated with a wide range of systemic complications, including significant hematologic abnormalities. This is a comprehensive review of the current literature, using PubMed and Google Scholar, on the pathophysiology and incidence of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients and thromboprophylaxis. COVID-19 infection induces a prothrombotic state in patients through the dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelial dysfunction, elevated von Willebrand factor (vWF), and a dysregulated immune response involving the complement system and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). As a result, thromboembolic complications have emerged in COVID-19 cases, occurring more frequently in severe cases and hospitalized patients. These thrombotic events affect both venous and arterial circulation, with increased incidences of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), systemic arterial thrombosis, and myocardial infarction (MI). While DVT and PE are more common, the literature highlights the potential lethal consequences of arterial thromboembolism (ATE). This review also briefly examines the ongoing discussions regarding the use of anticoagulants for the prevention of thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients. While theoretically promising, current studies have yielded varied outcomes: Some suggest potential benefits, whereas others report an increased risk of bleeding events among hospitalized patients. Therefore, further large-scale studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of anticoagulants for thromboprophylaxis in COVID-19 patients.},
}

@article {pmid40226161,
year = {2025},
author = {Etesami, I and Ansari, MS and Pourgholi, E and Heidari, S and Rafati, A and Bahramian, S and Danaei, B and Demokri, S and Fazeli, P and Memari, H and Mirzaee Godarzee, H and Sadeghi, B and Vahabi, SM},
title = {Drug- and Vaccine-Induced Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review of the Literature.},
journal = {Journal of skin cancer},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {3103865},
pmid = {40226161},
issn = {2090-2905},
abstract = {Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that usually involves the skin. It has different subtypes including mycosis fungoides (MFs), Sézary syndrome (SS), primary cutaneous anaplastic large lymphoma (PC-ALCL), lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL). There are several reports of incidence, relapse, or progression of CTCLs by using specific drugs. We aim to identify drug- and vaccine-induced CTCL characteristics. A systematic search was conducted using MeSH terms/keywords: CTCL and drug-induced or drug-associated or vaccine-associated or vaccine induced through PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase until May 10, 2024. Out of 14,031 papers, 60 articles were included, involving 71 patients with a mean age of 53.5 ± 17 years. Among them, 52.1% were male. Medications were categorized into four groups: conventional, biologics, small molecules, and vaccines. The most frequently reported medications in the first group were fingolimod (n = 8) and methotrexate (n = 7). Infliximab (n = 6) and etanercept (n = 5) were the most commonly reported biologics. Pfizer-BioNTech (n = 11) vaccine and JAK inhibitors (n = 3) were the most reported vaccine and small molecules. LyP (n = 17) was the most frequently reported type of CTCL, followed by PC-ALCL (n = 13), MF (n = 11), SS (n = 8), and SPTCL (n = 8). The most common underlying conditions were rheumatoid arthritis (n = 15) and multiple sclerosis (n = 10). Twenty patients (28%) experienced disease regression after discontinuing the drug, with a mean ± SD of 8.6 ± 8.8 weeks. In 14 patients (20%), chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were initiated. Six patients passed away after being diagnosed with CTCL: two because of CTCL recurrence and four because of other complications. It is important recognizing CTCL as a possible, although rare, adverse effect of certain drugs and vaccines, and taking a history of vaccinations, especially COVID-19 vaccines, and immunosuppressive drugs such as fingolimod, TNF-a inhibitors, and methotrexate.},
}

@article {pmid40198822,
year = {2025},
author = {O'Connor, H and DiSalvo, M and Gersten, M and Boyden, S and Uchida, M},
title = {Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Child Development: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP},
volume = {46},
number = {2},
pages = {e227-e239},
doi = {10.1097/DBP.0000000000001352},
pmid = {40198822},
issn = {1536-7312},
support = {1K23MH122667-01//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Child Development/physiology ; *Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology/etiology ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Infant ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on early childhood development and identify areas of interest surrounding development.

METHODS: A systematic literature review was performed to identify articles examining how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected early childhood development, and a meta-analysis was conducted from the results of those articles to examine the degree of the impact of the pandemic on the areas of childhood development.

RESULTS: Ten articles from 6 countries were identified that met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. The multivariate meta-analysis showed no significant difference in overall development (pooled Cohen's d = 0.28, 95% CI, -0.33 to 0.88; p = 0.18) or odds for developmental delay (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.44, 95% CI, 0.77 to 2.67; p = 0.20) between pre-COVID-19 development and COVID-19 development. However, there was significantly more impairment (d = 0.46, p = 0.003) and greater odds (72%; OR = 1.72, p = 0.01) for developmental delay in the language and communication domain for COVID-19 children versus pre-COVID-19 children.

CONCLUSION: While exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic was not associated with global developmental delays, it had a significant impact on child development regarding language and communication. Further research monitoring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic is necessary, and parents and communities should focus on increasing early intervention and enriched curriculum to offset these delays.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Child Development/physiology
*Developmental Disabilities/epidemiology/etiology
Child, Preschool
Child
Infant

@article {pmid40148247,
year = {2025},
author = {Beaton, S and Abah, T and Miller-Hammond, K},
title = {Impact of Limited Access to Surgical Care in Medically Underserved Communities.},
journal = {The American surgeon},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {685-689},
doi = {10.1177/00031348251324265},
pmid = {40148247},
issn = {1555-9823},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Services Accessibility ; *Healthcare Disparities ; *Medically Underserved Area ; Minority Groups ; *Surgical Procedures, Operative/statistics & numerical data ; United States ; Vulnerable Populations ; },
abstract = {Summary/BackgroundMedically underserved communities and ethnic minorities constitute a significant portion of the vulnerable population within the United States. Recent changes in the health care structure, rising inflation with a decline in median household income, and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have disproportionately impacted communities of low socioeconomic status. Healthcare providers and federal organizations must be aware of how these factors influence access to surgical care to tailor treatment, interventions, and policies better to meet the needs of these populations.MethodWe systematically reviewed 19 articles to identify key factors influencing barriers to health care for minority populations and how the dynamic changes in healthcare structures can further exacerbate this divide.DiscussionMedically underserved populations face significant barriers to health care due to socioeconomic factors like income, housing instability, and lack of insurance. These areas often have shortages of primary care providers, access to healthy foods, and high-value health care that may lead to unfavorable outcomes. Poor access and utilization of health services can also affect hospital systems, leading to decreased funding and increased hospital closures. Despite federal intervention and policy changes, the need for further support for rural healthcare institutions and underserved populations remains, requiring financial assistance, resource allocation improvements, and incentives for healthcare providers and investors.ConclusionHealthcare systems can work towards bridging the gap in access to surgical services by implementing targeted outreach programs and ensuring equitable resource distribution. Additionally, fostering partnerships with community organizations can enhance awareness and address specific barriers these populations face.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Health Services Accessibility
*Healthcare Disparities
*Medically Underserved Area
Minority Groups
*Surgical Procedures, Operative/statistics & numerical data
United States
Vulnerable Populations

@article {pmid40145745,
year = {2025},
author = {Krammer, F and Hermann, E and Rasmussen, AL},
title = {Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: history, current situation, and outlook.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {99},
number = {4},
pages = {e0220924},
doi = {10.1128/jvi.02209-24},
pmid = {40145745},
issn = {1098-5514},
support = {175622,187244/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; 2217296//National Science Foundation/ ; 75N93021C00014, 75N93019C00051, AI168631, AI154470, AI162130, AI144616, 75N93023C00019, 75N93023C00042, R25GM150146, CA260560, 75N91019D00024/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; N/A//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity/genetics/classification ; Humans ; *Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/virology/transmission/history ; *Influenza, Human/epidemiology/virology/transmission ; Birds ; Zoonoses/virology/epidemiology/transmission ; Viral Zoonoses/transmission/virology/epidemiology ; History, 21st Century ; Cattle ; Disease Outbreaks ; History, 20th Century ; Pandemics ; Poultry ; },
abstract = {The H5N1 avian panzootic has resulted in cross-species transmission to birds and mammals, causing outbreaks in wildlife, poultry, and US dairy cattle with a range of host-dependent pathogenic outcomes. Although no human-to-human transmission has been observed, the rising number of zoonotic human cases creates opportunities for adaptive mutation or reassortment. This Gem explores the history, evolution, virology, and epidemiology of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 relative to its pandemic potential. Pandemic risk reduction measures are urgently required.},
}

Animals
*Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/pathogenicity/genetics/classification
Humans
*Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/virology/transmission/history
*Influenza, Human/epidemiology/virology/transmission
Birds
Zoonoses/virology/epidemiology/transmission
Viral Zoonoses/transmission/virology/epidemiology
History, 21st Century
Cattle
Disease Outbreaks
History, 20th Century
Pandemics
Poultry

@article {pmid39918873,
year = {2025},
author = {Chhabra, KH and Shoemaker, R and Herath, CB and Thomas, MC and Filipeanu, CM and Lazartigues, E},
title = {Molecular dissection of the role of ACE2 in glucose homeostasis.},
journal = {Physiological reviews},
volume = {105},
number = {3},
pages = {935-973},
doi = {10.1152/physrev.00027.2024},
pmid = {39918873},
issn = {1522-1210},
support = {R01 DK124619/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R56 DK140148/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; BX004294//U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)/ ; HL150592//HHS | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ ; },
mesh = {*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; Humans ; *Homeostasis/physiology ; *Glucose/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was discovered 25 years ago as a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, opposing the effects of angiotensin II. Beyond its well-demonstrated roles in cardiovascular regulation and COVID-19 pathology, ACE2 is involved in a plethora of physiopathological processes. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries on the role of ACE2 in glucose homeostasis and regulation of metabolism. In the endocrine pancreas, ACE2 is expressed at low levels in β-cells, but loss of its expression inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and impairs glucose tolerance. Conversely, overexpression of ACE2 improved glycemia, suggesting that recombinant ACE2 might be a future therapy for diabetes. In the skeletal muscle of ACE2-deficient mice a progressive triglyceride accumulation was observed, whereas in diabetic kidney the initial increase in ACE2 is followed by a chronic reduction of expression in kidney tubules and impairment of glucose metabolism. At the intestinal level dysregulation of the enzyme alters the amino acid absorption and intestinal microbiome, whereas at the hepatic level ACE2 protects against diabetic fatty liver disease. Not least, ACE2 is upregulated in adipocytes in response to nutritional stimuli, and administration of recombinant ACE2 decreased body weight and increased thermogenesis. In addition to tissue-specific regulation of ACE2 function, the enzyme undergoes complex cellular posttranslational modifications that are changed during diabetes evolution, with at least proteolytic cleavage and ubiquitination leading to modifications in ACE2 activity. Detailed characterization of ACE2 in a cellular and tissue-specific manner holds promise for improving therapeutic outcomes in diabetes and metabolic disorders.},
}

*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism/genetics
Animals
Humans
*Homeostasis/physiology
*Glucose/metabolism
COVID-19

@article {pmid39432732,
year = {2025},
author = {Cho, HK and Frivold, C and Chu, HY},
title = {Maternal Immunization.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {231},
number = {4},
pages = {830-836},
doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiae509},
pmid = {39432732},
issn = {1537-6613},
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; *Vaccination ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Immunization ; Vaccination Hesitancy ; Infant ; },
abstract = {Pregnant individuals and infants are at risk from vaccine-preventable diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza. Maternal vaccination during pregnancy can protect both the mother and child. Recent progress in developing these vaccines is notable, but vaccine hesitancy and the exclusion of pregnant individuals from clinical trials limit their use. Maternal immunization safeguards mothers from severe illness and adverse pregnancy outcomes while providing infants with antibodies through the placenta and breast milk. Inactivated vaccines are generally effective and safe during pregnancy. Limited safety and efficacy data due to exclusion from trials hinder vaccine uptake; however, vaccines like tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap), influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 have proven effective, and are recommended vaccines during pregnancy. New vaccines for group B Streptococcus (GBS) and cytomegalovirus are in development, with the GBS vaccine being the most advanced. Combating vaccine hesitancy through strong health care provider recommendations is vital to enhance uptake and protect pregnant individuals and their infants.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
Female
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control
*Vaccination
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Immunization
Vaccination Hesitancy
Infant

@article {pmid39298208,
year = {2025},
author = {Bleidorn, W and Stahlmann, AG and Hopwood, CJ},
title = {Big Five personality traits and vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {44-56},
doi = {10.1037/hea0001398},
pmid = {39298208},
issn = {1930-7810},
support = {/SNSF_/Swiss National Science Foundation/Switzerland ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination/psychology ; *Personality ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Intention ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Male ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Despite the proven benefits of vaccination, people differ in their willingness to get vaccinated. These differences are the result of multiple factors, including social, cultural, and psychological variables. This meta-analysis estimated the effects of people's Big Five personality traits on their vaccination attitudes, intentions, and behaviors and examined the role of theoretically and empirically derived moderator variables.

METHOD: We meta-analyzed data from 28 studies that sampled over 48,000 individuals to estimate the effects of Big Five personality traits on vaccination attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. In addition, we tested the moderating effects of age, gender, sample region, sample type (representative vs. convenience), vaccination measure (attitude, intention, behavior, compound), vaccination type (COVID-19, Influenza, or other), and reliability of the Big Five measure on the links between personality traits and vaccination.

RESULTS: People with high levels in agreeableness and extraversion, and low levels in neuroticism reported more positive attitudes toward vaccination, whereas open people reported stronger intentions to get vaccinated. Open and agreeable people were also more positive about novel COVID-19 vaccines, whereas extraverted people were more positive about influenza vaccines. There were no effects for conscientiousness. Overall, effect sizes were small but generalized across age. Other moderator effects suggested a more nuanced picture across cultural regions, sample types, and gender.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide a compelling picture of significant, albeit small, effects of personality traits on vaccination. Questions remain about the processes through which personality traits may affect vaccination attitudes, intentions, and potentially also behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).},
}

Humans
*Vaccination/psychology
*Personality
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Intention
COVID-19 Vaccines
*Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Male