@article {pmid40162161,
year = {2025},
author = {Thanakamchokchai, J and Khobkhun, F and Phetsitong, R and Chaiyawat, P and Areerak, K and Niemrungruang, K and Tretriluxana, J},
title = {Effectiveness of telerehabilitation on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.},
journal = {Digital health},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {20552076251325993},
doi = {10.1177/20552076251325993},
pmid = {40162161},
issn = {2055-2076},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to synthesize and analyze the evidence on the effectiveness of telerehabilitation categorized according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) outcomes for physical therapy (PT) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

METHODS: Studies were identified using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, and other sources of data. Randomized controlled trials comparing telerehabilitation with the control group (i.e., no treatment/usual care) were included. Standard meta-analysis techniques were applied to assess the effectiveness of telerehabilitation. Outcome measures were categorized according to the domains of the ICF.

RESULTS: Among the 134 studies that met the eligibility criteria, the majority of findings demonstrated significant improvements across all domains of the ICF following telerehabilitation as compared to the control group, regardless of participant groups. Only 9 of 134 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Six studies enrolled individuals with COVID-19 and the remaining three enrolled individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who were unable to access services at the clinic. Compared with the control group, the Borg-Rating-of-Perceived-Exertion scale, as reflected in an impairment domain, was significantly lower in individuals with COVID-19 who received telerehabilitation (3 studies, n = 135; standardized mean difference (SMD) -1.82, 95% CI -2.77 to -0.86). Compared with that in the control group, 30-second sit-to-stand test (3 studies, n = 122; SMD 0.88, 95% CI 0.52-1.25) and 6-minute-walking test (4 studies, n = 221; SMD 0.83, 95% CI 0.42-1.24), as reflected to an activity domain, showed significant improvement in the telerehabilitation group. Conversely, there was no effectiveness of telerehabilitation on an activity domain as measured by the timed up and go test in people with knee OA (3 studies, n = 111; SMD -0.45, 95% CI -1.19 to 0.30).

CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of telerehabilitation across all domains of the ICF, with significant improvements observed in the impairment and activity domains for individuals with COVID-19. These improvements are particularly evident in the meta-analysis findings such as perceived exertion, leg strength, and functional capacity.},
}

@article {pmid40161998,
year = {2025},
author = {Qiu, Y and Hu, G},
title = {Lung-on-a-chip: From design principles to disease applications.},
journal = {Biomicrofluidics},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {021501},
doi = {10.1063/5.0257908},
pmid = {40161998},
issn = {1932-1058},
abstract = {To address the growing need for accurate lung models, particularly in light of respiratory diseases, lung cancer, and the COVID-19 pandemic, lung-on-a-chip technology is emerging as a powerful alternative. Lung-on-a-chip devices utilize microfluidics to create three-dimensional models that closely mimic key physiological features of the human lung, such as the air-liquid interface, mechanical forces associated with respiration, and fluid dynamics. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental components of lung-on-a-chip systems, the diverse fabrication methods used to construct these complex models, and a summary of their wide range of applications in disease modeling and aerosol deposition studies. Despite existing challenges, lung-on-a-chip models hold immense potential for advancing personalized medicine, drug development, and disease prevention, offering a transformative approach to respiratory health research.},
}

@article {pmid40159950,
year = {2025},
author = {Maximiano-Barreto, MA and Monteiro, DQ and Alves, LCS and Raminelli, AO and Coelho, HER and Inouye, K and Bas-Sarmiento, P and Luchesi, BM},
title = {Sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with low health literacy among Indigenous populations: a systematic review.},
journal = {Health promotion international},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/heapro/daaf018},
pmid = {40159950},
issn = {1460-2245},
support = {//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; //Coordination for the Advancement of Higher Education Personnel/ ; //Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; 308019/2023-7//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Health Literacy ; *Indigenous Peoples ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Sociodemographic Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; COVID-19/ethnology ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {Indigenous people represent 6% of the world's population and, over time, this population has faced different negative consequences, including those related to health. Health literacy is a variable that can help reduce the health-related harm faced by Indigenous people, since low health literacy has been considered a public health problem. The aim was to review the literature on sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with low health literacy among Indigenous people. To do this, we conducted a systematic review following the recommendations of the PRISMA Statement and approved by PROSPERO (CRD42024591888). A total of seven articles make up the results of this review. The findings show that the low health literacy of Indigenous people is associated with sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. older age, male gender, lower income and educational level) and health-related aspects such as having more than one chronic condition, low perception of COVID-19 risk, low chance of cancer screening, poorer glycemic control, eating behavior, self-monitoring of blood glucose and knowledge about diabetes and difficulty in understanding health information (e.g. medication labels). Although the number of articles selected for this review was small, it should be noted that they all presented a low risk of bias. Sociodemographic and health factors are associated with low health literacy among the Indigenous population. The findings demonstrate the importance of planning public policies to promote health and especially health literacy among this neglected population.},
}

Humans
*Health Literacy
*Indigenous Peoples
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Sociodemographic Factors
Socioeconomic Factors
COVID-19/ethnology
Male
Female

@article {pmid40159916,
year = {2025},
author = {Sterian, M and Naganathan, T and Corrin, T and Waddell, LA},
title = {Evidence on the associations and safety of COVID-19 vaccination and post COVID-19 condition: An updated living systematic review.},
journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-46},
doi = {10.1017/S0950268825000378},
pmid = {40159916},
issn = {1469-4409},
}

@article {pmid40159732,
year = {2025},
author = {Babov, K and Kysylevska, A and Plakida, A and Sierpińska, LE and Zabolotna, I and Gushcha, S},
title = {The use of mineral waters in rehabilitating patients with coronavirus disease - a review.},
journal = {Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {20-26},
doi = {10.26444/aaem/196916},
pmid = {40159732},
issn = {1898-2263},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/rehabilitation ; *Mineral Waters ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Ukraine ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The review aimed to consider evidence of the effectiveness of using mineral waters in the rehabilitation of patients who have had a coronavirus disease.

REVIEW METHODS: The study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023438740). Relevant studies were systematically reviewed, based on randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis that included at least one group receiving mineral waters (MW). General scientific papers and regulatory documents on health care in Ukraine, including rehabilitation and resort resources, and rehabilitation protocols after the coronavirus disease, were also used for the analysis. Search for articles and other scientific works published in English and Ukrainian from 1994 to 5 February 2023, was conducted in the following databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Dual data abstraction, quality assessment, and strength of evidence was also performeds. The results were evaluated of using various mineral waters in the rehabilitation of patients with complications of COVID-19 disease.

Most of the studies (28%) are devoted to the use of mineral waters for complications of the respiratory system. 12% of papers were devoted to the pathology of the musculoskeletal system, 10% to chronic fatigue (asthenia), anxiety-depressive, and other neuropsychiatric disorders, 9% to еру cardiovascular system, and 8% to dermatological problems.

SUMMARY: Differentiated use of balneotherapy, considering the composition of MW, temperature, and the frequency of their application, allows for increasing the effectiveness of rehabilitation of post-Covid-19 complications of various organs and systems of the body.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/rehabilitation
*Mineral Waters
*SARS-CoV-2
Ukraine

@article {pmid40157494,
year = {2025},
author = {Altwayan, R and Tombuloglu, H and Alhamid, G and Karagoz, A and Alshammari, T and Alsaeed, M and Al-Hariri, M and Rabaan, A and Unver, T},
title = {Comprehensive Review of Thrombophilia: Pathophysiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Molecular Diagnosis.},
journal = {Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tracli.2025.03.004},
pmid = {40157494},
issn = {1953-8022},
abstract = {Thrombophilia, characterized by an imbalance between fibrinolysis and coagulation leading to inappropriate blood clotting, is a significant medical condition. The CDC has designated it as an underdiagnosed, serious, and potentially preventable disorder, contributing to an estimated 600,000-900,000 cases and 100,000 deaths annually in the United States. These figures surpass the combined annual mortality of AIDS, breast cancer, and motor vehicle accidents. The pathogenesis of thrombophilia involves complex interactions between genetic predispositions, such as mutations in Factor V Leiden, Factor II, MTHFR, and Serpine-1, and environmental factors, including unhealthy lifestyles, prolonged hospitalization, obesity, and cancer. Prevalence of specific genetic mutations varies across populations. Additional risk factors include age, family history, and pregnancy, with recent attention to increased susceptibility in SARS-CoV-2 infection. While molecular diagnostic techniques are available, there remains a need for robust, cost-effective, and accurate screening methods for large populations. This systematic review provides an updated overview of thrombophilia, encompassing pathophysiology, epidemiology, genetic and environmental risk factors, coagulation cascade, population-specific mutation prevalence, and diagnostic approaches. By synthesizing clinical and molecular evidence, this review aims to guide researchers, hematologists, and clinicians in the diagnosis and management of thrombophilia.},
}

@article {pmid40157425,
year = {2025},
author = {Tulio, EF and Lucini, F and de Lima, AC and Garoni Martins do Carmo, ND and Barbosa, MDS and de Almeida de Souza, GH and Rossato, L},
title = {Candida infections in COVID-19 patients: A review of prevalence, risk factors, and mortality.},
journal = {Indian journal of medical microbiology},
volume = {55},
number = {},
pages = {100831},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijmmb.2025.100831},
pmid = {40157425},
issn = {1998-3646},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Candida spp. infections have increasingly been reported among COVID-19 patients, yet the epidemiological factors, diagnostic methods, and outcomes associated with these infections remain poorly understood. These infections, particularly in ICU settings, present significant challenges due to high mortality rates and rising antifungal resistance. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida in COVID-19 patients, providing clinical and epidemiological insights.

METHODS: A review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and BVS databases, covering articles published from January 2020 to May 2024. Inclusion criteria included case reports or case series providing detailed information on Candida spp. in COVID-19 patients. Data extraction focused on patient demographics, underlying diseases, antifungal and antibiotic therapies, antifungal susceptibility, resistance profiles, and outcomes. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software.

RESULTS: The review included 67 studies, totaling 223 COVID-19 patients. Male patients were predominant. Common comorbidities included hypertension, cancer, and dyslipidemia. Echinocandins were the primary antifungal treatment. Non-albicans Candida exhibited a higher resistance rate (47.10 %) compared to C. albicans (2.35 %). Overall mortality rates were high, at 60.50 % for C. albicans and 62.30 % for non-albicans. Significant risk factors for mortality included age, central venous catheter use, ICU admission, and corticosteroid therapy.

CONCLUSIONS: The study identified critical risk factors and clinical characteristics in COVID-19 patients with Candida infections. The high incidence of antifungal resistance among non-albicans and high mortality rates highlight the need for vigilant monitoring and targeted antifungal strategies to improve outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid40157321,
year = {2025},
author = {Anderson, M and Lopez, J and Wyr, M and Ramirez, PW},
title = {Defining diverse spike-receptor interactions involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.},
journal = {Virology},
volume = {607},
number = {},
pages = {110507},
doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110507},
pmid = {40157321},
issn = {1096-0341},
abstract = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped RNA virus that caused the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein binds to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on host cells to facilitate viral entry. However, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in nearly all human organs - including those with little or no ACE2 expression - suggests the involvement of alternative receptors. Recent studies have identified several cellular proteins and molecules that influence SARS-CoV-2 entry through ACE2-dependent, ACE2-independent, or inhibitory mechanisms. In this review, we explore how these alternative receptors were identified, their expression patterns and roles in viral entry, and their impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at disrupting these virus-receptor interactions to mitigate COVID-19 pathogenesis.},
}

@article {pmid40156779,
year = {2024},
author = {Arinola, G and Onifade, AA and Adigun, K and Oshingbesan, MB},
title = {Review of immune-metabolic studies and re-purposed treatments of Nigerian COVID-19 patients: A pointer to mild, gender- and age-based status of admitted patients.},
journal = {Nigerian journal of physiological sciences : official publication of the Physiological Society of Nigeria},
volume = {39},
number = {2},
pages = {177-183},
doi = {10.54548/njps.v39i2.2},
pmid = {40156779},
issn = {0794-859X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/epidemiology ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Age Factors ; Female ; Male ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Sex Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; },
abstract = {When Severe Acute Respiratory human Coronavirus 2 (SARS-hCOV 2) infection began in December 2019, detailed knowledge about the virus was lacking. This included non-availability of anti-viral treatment or vaccine, no knowledge of virus-human interaction, and lack of prognostic factors for stages of illness among others. A publication in Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences (2020). 35: 20-25 titled "Immune Responses During Human Coronavirus Infection: Suggestions For Future Studies" adduced investigations into immune parameters of COVID-19 patients so as to throw more light on the immunopathogenesis of SAR-CoV-2 infection, in order to create avenue for the development of vaccines or herd immunity. This present publication is a review of studies carried out on COVID-19 patients in one Infectious Diseases Center (I.D.C), Ibadan, Nigeria as a response to the gaps in knowledge raised in above mentioned publication. Cummulatively, immune-metabolic studies from this IDC revealed mild, age- and sex-dependent status of COVID-19 in patients admitted into this center. Thus, explaining the basis for the effectiveness of adopted re-purposed drugs (chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, zinc, vitamins C and D and or antibiotics), physiotherapy and nutritional support used for the management of admitted COVID-19 patients. Also, this paper vindicated that inflammation was heightened during SARS-CoV 2 infection; therefore therapeutic interventions to control the inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, antibodies against structural and non-structural proteins or blocks receptor sites were proposed. In addition, development of herd immunity and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines (Astrazeneca and Moderna) were elucidated in general population. However, study to determine host genetic factors in hCoV infection was lacking. This review concluded that interdisciplinary collaborative approach will be useful in the management of future emerging or re-emerging infection.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/epidemiology
Nigeria/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Age Factors
Female
Male
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Sex Factors
Severity of Illness Index

@article {pmid40156532,
year = {2024},
author = {Sharma, P and Malik, S and Wadhwan, V and Sharma, K and Chauhan, A and Sharma, R},
title = {Oral and Maxillo-facial Fungal Infections in COVID-19 Patients - A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {459-464},
pmid = {40156532},
issn = {1998-3603},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; Mycoses/complications ; Mucormycosis/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Opportunistic Infections/complications ; },
abstract = {The main objective of the current systematic review was to compile and evaluate the data on opportunistic maxillofacial mycotic infections in COVID-19 patients during the treatment and post-recovery period of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comorbidities like diabetes, corticosteroid use, and mortality among COVID-19-associated patients presenting with oral and maxillofacial fungal infections were also assessed. The review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis guidelines. A comprehensive search was carried out in the archives of Web of Science, Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Lilacs, and Livivo in combination with Boolean operators till 24th June 2022, and cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports deliberating on maxillofacial mycoses in COVID-19 were included. The included studies were meted to the risk of bias using the Joana Briggs Institute Appraisal tools for prevalence studies, case series, and case reports. In a two-stage collection, 20 studies were included: 9 observational (3269 patients), 5 case-series (42 patients), and 6 case reports (8 patients) from 7 countries. Mucormycosis was the most commonly reported maxillofacial fungal infection (96.7%/3162 cases), followed by candidiasis (3.2%/105 cases) associated with COVID-19. Although aspergillosis was observed in only one case and one patient, a mixed mycotic infection demonstrating both aspergillus and mucor fungal elements was identified in one patient. Comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, indiscriminate corticosteroid use and immunosuppression leads to invasive maxillofacial fungal infections in COVID-19, which may prove to be fatal.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
Mycoses/complications
Mucormycosis/complications
SARS-CoV-2
Opportunistic Infections/complications

@article {pmid40155903,
year = {2025},
author = {Morelli, T and Freeman, A and Staples, KJ and Wilkinson, TMA},
title = {Hidden in plain sight: the impact of human rhinovirus infection in adults.},
journal = {Respiratory research},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {120},
pmid = {40155903},
issn = {1465-993X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Rhinovirus/pathogenicity ; *Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/virology ; Adult ; Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/virology/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Human rhinovirus (HRV), a non-enveloped RNA virus, was first identified more than 70 years ago. It is highly infectious and easily transmitted through aerosols and direct contact. The advent of multiplex PCR has enhanced the detection of a diverse range of respiratory viruses, and HRV consistently ranks among the most prevalent respiratory pathogens globally. Circulation occurs throughout the year, with peak incidence in autumn and spring in temperate climates. Remarkably, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, HRV transmission persisted, demonstrating its resistance to stringent public health measures aimed at curbing viral transmission.

MAIN BODY: HRV is characterised by its extensive genetic diversity, comprising three species and more than 170 genotypes. This diversity and substantial number of concurrently circulating strains allows HRVs to frequently escape the adaptive immune system and poses formidable challenges for the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapies. There is currently a lack of specific treatments. Historically, HRV has been associated with self-limiting upper respiratory infection. However, there is now extensive evidence highlighting its significant role in severe lower respiratory disease in adults, including exacerbations of chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as well as pneumonia. These severe manifestations can occur even in immunocompetent individuals, broadening the clinical impact of this ubiquitous virus. Consequently, the burden of rhinovirus infections extends across various healthcare settings, from primary care to general hospital wards and intensive care units. The impact of HRV in adults, in terms of morbidity and healthcare utilisation, rivals that of the other major respiratory viruses, including influenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Recognition of this substantial burden underscores the critical need for novel treatment strategies and effective management protocols to mitigate the impact of HRV infections on public health.

CONCLUSION: This review examines the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and risk factors associated with severe HRV infection in adults. By drawing on contemporary literature, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the virus's significant health implications. Understanding the scope of this impact is essential for developing new, targeted interventions and improving patient outcomes in the face of this persistent and adaptable pathogen.},
}

Humans
*Rhinovirus/pathogenicity
*Picornaviridae Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/virology
Adult
Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/virology/diagnosis

@article {pmid40155114,
year = {2025},
author = {Cavaleri, M and de Sousa, CMA and Hacker, A and Higgs, ES and Lumpkin, MM and Maia, CS and Mathur, R and Fimbo, AM and Reis, A and Shin, KS and Vaughn, DW and Zhang, W and Moorthy, V},
title = {A roadmap for fostering timely regulatory and ethics approvals of international clinical trials in support of global health research systems.},
journal = {The Lancet. Global health},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {e769-e777},
doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00515-1},
pmid = {40155114},
issn = {2214-109X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics/standards ; *Global Health ; *COVID-19 ; International Cooperation ; Biomedical Research/ethics/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The global clinical research ecosystem faced highs and lows during the COVID-19 pandemic. Key issues included research waste from poor-quality trials and fragmented regulatory and ethical reviews. Streamlining and harmonising these review processes is crucial for efficient, robust, and timely multinational trials, ensuring rigorous scientific standards, proper safety, and ethical oversight. Robust regulatory and ethics review systems thrive on continuous learning and efficient processes, crucial for high-quality research. Enhancing trial design and implementation, and guiding innovative approaches including decentralised trials and patient-centric designs are essential for the regulatory and ethics authorities to advance public health. These approaches are built on the principles of global guidance outlined in International Coalition for Harmonization Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the WHO guidance for best practice for clinical trials. To realise the agreed vision at the first WHO Global Clinical Trials Forum in 2023, a panel of international experts in clinical research, including representatives from national and regional regulatory and ethics authorities, proposes key actions to improve coordination and streamlining of regulatory and ethics review. The actions emphasise: leveraging existing trial networks and capacity-building initiatives; advancing joint and parallel regulatory and ethics reviews and single national ethics review; improving transparency on approval requirements; simplifying and standardising informed consent forms and processes; and developing mechanisms to improve efficiency for trial site contracting as well as exportation and importation of investigational products for trials. The proposed actions for the reform are urgent and key to generate evidence to enable access to safe and effective interventions for populations most in need.},
}

Humans
*Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics/standards
*Global Health
*COVID-19
International Cooperation
Biomedical Research/ethics/standards
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40155111,
year = {2025},
author = {Dey, T and Widmer, M and Coomarasamy, A and Goudar, SS and Berrueta, M and Coutinho, E and Gaaloul, ME and Faden, RR and Gülmezoglu, AM and Justus Hofmeyr, G and Knight, M and Lamprianou, S and Mastroianni, AC and Munoz, FM and Oladapo, OT and Penazzato, M and Renaud, F and Townsend, CL and Bonet, M},
title = {Advancing maternal and perinatal health through clinical trials: key insights from a WHO global consultation.},
journal = {The Lancet. Global health},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {e740-e748},
doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(24)00512-6},
pmid = {40155111},
issn = {2214-109X},
mesh = {Humans ; *World Health Organization ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics/organization & administration/legislation & jurisprudence/standards ; *Maternal Health ; Global Health ; Perinatal Care/standards/ethics/organization & administration/legislation & jurisprudence ; },
abstract = {Pregnant and lactating women have long been excluded from participation in clinical research. This exclusion has resulted in the absence of high-quality evidence on the effectiveness and safety of medical products (medicines, vaccines, and other biological or biomedical products) during pregnancy and lactation, and fragmented health policies and practice recommendations. Based on the discussions at the inaugural WHO Global Clinical Trials Forum in November, 2023, a rapid review of key global, regional, or national ethical and regulatory documents, and previous expert consultations, this paper aims to summarise obstacles and suggest opportunities for appropriate inclusion of pregnant and lactating women in clinical trials. The main challenges identified relate to issues of: trial design; inconsistent interpretation and implementation of ethical, regulatory, and legal guidance; high costs of trials and low return on investments; insufficient research capacity and funding opportunities; misinformation; and insufficient community engagement. Appropriate inclusion is necessary and possible through: multi-stakeholder coordination; alignment with governance bodies to streamline ethical, regulatory, and legal processes for trial conduct; advocacy to prioritise investments in research; stronger focus on capacity strengthening; and good participatory practice that includes women and communities. A paradigm shift towards more inclusive and integrated research methodologies is urgently needed. This shift extends beyond pregnancy to transform the overall trial ecosystem and prioritise the health and wellbeing of all women and their infants everywhere, to truly achieve equitable access to health and innovations and leave no one behind.},
}

Humans
*World Health Organization
Female
Pregnancy
*Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics/organization & administration/legislation & jurisprudence/standards
*Maternal Health
Global Health
Perinatal Care/standards/ethics/organization & administration/legislation & jurisprudence

@article {pmid40155089,
year = {2025},
author = {Saadi, S and Adoui, F and Nacer, NE and Boudjellal, A and Boughellout, H and Anwar, F and Benyahia, FA and Baali, S and Ghazali, HM and Saari, N and Mohammed, AS and Ariffin, AA and Boo, HC and Miskandar, MS and Hamid, AA},
title = {Recent advances in chemistry, biochemistry, and nutrition of dates palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars.},
journal = {Advances in food and nutrition research},
volume = {114},
number = {},
pages = {415-484},
doi = {10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.11.001},
pmid = {40155089},
issn = {1043-4526},
mesh = {*Phoeniceae/chemistry ; *Fruit/chemistry ; *Nutritive Value ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Date palm trees, fruits and leaves have historic life changes with human beings, and their utilizations started by using them as foods and remedy, especially against the resulting bruises of consecutive wars involving wounds, burnes and invasive diseases such as Malaria, Cholera and recently against the emergence of Covid-19 disease symptoms. The richness of palm date- fruits with reducing sugars, polyphenolic acids, flavonoid compounds, hydrosoluble and liposoluble vitamins makes them as versatile food and feed products. In part, minerals remain as the catalyst elements for these golden fruits. In other part, the distribution of essential oils at the mesocarps of date fruits and into date pits constitutes other integral part with substantial therapeutic and nutrigenomic contributions. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is a bound enzyme involved in the ripening of the date fruits. The aim of this book chapter is devoted in exploring the recent advances in date palm fruit cultivars as natural bioresources and the key elements beyond to their chemistry, biochemistry, and nutrition aspects, shedding lights on their important metabolites in enhancing food nutritional values, and human health attributes.},
}

*Phoeniceae/chemistry
*Fruit/chemistry
*Nutritive Value
Humans

@article {pmid40155085,
year = {2025},
author = {Ozogul, F and Rathod, N and Köse, S and Alak, G and Kızılyıldırım, S and Bilgin, Ş and Emir Çoban, Ö and İnanlı, AG and Ünal-Şengör, GF and İzci, L and Ozogul, Y and Tokur, B and Ucak, İ and Ceylan, Z and Kulawik, P},
title = {Biochemical and microbial food safety hazards in seafood: A Mediterranean perspective (Part 2).},
journal = {Advances in food and nutrition research},
volume = {114},
number = {},
pages = {209-271},
doi = {10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.09.003},
pmid = {40155085},
issn = {1043-4526},
mesh = {*Seafood/microbiology ; Humans ; *Food Safety ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Mediterranean Region ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Animals ; Food Microbiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The marine environment is teeming with a diverse array of algae, dinoflagellates and phytoplankton. These organisms possess the remarkable capacity to produce toxic compounds that can be passed to humans through the ingestion of seafood, resulting in potential health risks. Similarly, seafood can be susceptible to contamination from various microorganisms, viruses and parasites, thereby, potentially compromising food safety. Consuming seafood that contains toxins or pathogenic microorganisms may have serious health consequences, including the potential for severe illness or even fatality. This chapter delves into the various hazards that arise from biochemical and microbiological factors, with particular emphasis on the Mediterranean region. In addition, it provides a succinct analysis regarding the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the safety of seafood.},
}

*Seafood/microbiology
Humans
*Food Safety
Food Contamination/analysis
Mediterranean Region
COVID-19/prevention & control
Animals
Food Microbiology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40155074,
year = {2025},
author = {Debieuvre, D},
title = {[Lung cancer epidemiology: evolution over the last twenty years].},
journal = {Bulletin du cancer},
volume = {112},
number = {3S1},
pages = {3S3-3S15},
doi = {10.1016/S0007-4551(25)00152-3},
pmid = {40155074},
issn = {1769-6917},
mesh = {Humans ; *Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/mortality ; France/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/mortality ; *Smoking/epidemiology/adverse effects ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Risk Factors ; Incidence ; Age Distribution ; Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology/mortality/pathology ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Lung Cancer is the second most common cancer in the world but the leading cause of cancer death for both sexes in many countries. Nearly 53,000 new cases were expected in France in 2023, representing 12% of all new cases of cancer, and 33,000 deaths were reported in 2018, representing 21% of all cancer deaths. The KBP studies conducted by the College of General Hospital Pulmonologists (CPHG) for 20 years constitute an excellent barometer of the evolution of the Lung Cancer in France. Lung Cancer is becoming more feminine but still remains a male cancer with a narrowing gap between the two sexes: 65,4% of incident cases are men in the overall population in 2020 but only 58,9% among young subjects (<50 years old). The average age at diagnosis is increasing (67.8 years). The most common histological subtype is adenocarcinoma. Smoking remains the main risk factor but the proportion of non-smokers is increasing (12,6%) due to the impact of air pollution, passive smoking and the aging of the population. The impact of COVID-19 on Lung Cancer mortality in 2020 was significant. Despite the diagnosis which remains mostly late in France, there has been a significant improvement in the prognosis over the past twenty years (reduction in early mortality and increase in median survival) due to therapeutic progress.},
}

Humans
*Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/mortality
France/epidemiology
Male
Female
*COVID-19/epidemiology/mortality
*Smoking/epidemiology/adverse effects
Aged
Middle Aged
Sex Distribution
Risk Factors
Incidence
Age Distribution
Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology/mortality/pathology
Adult
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40154850,
year = {2025},
author = {Patel, RR and Vidyasagar, and Singh, SK and Singh, M},
title = {Recent Advances in Inhibitor Development and Metabolic Targeting in Tuberculosis Therapy.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107515},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107515},
pmid = {40154850},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {Despite being a preventable and treatable disease, tuberculosis (TB) remained the second leading infectious cause of death globally in 2022, surpassed only by COVID-19. The death rate from TB is influenced by numerous factors that include antibiotic drug resistance, noncompliance with chemotherapy by patients, concurrent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus, delayed diagnosis, varying effectiveness of the Bacille-Calmette-Guerin vaccine, and other factors. Even with the recent advances in our knowledge of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the accessibility of advanced genomic tools such as proteomics and microarrays, alongside modern methodologies, the pursuit of next-generation inhibitors targeting distinct or multiple molecular pathways remains essential to combat the increasing antimicrobial resistance. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify and develop new drug targets against TB that have unique mechanisms. Novel therapeutic targets might encompass gene products associated with various aspects of mycobacterial biology, such as transcription, metabolism, cell wall formation, persistence, and pathogenesis. This review focuses on the present state of our knowledge and comprehension regarding various inhibitors targeting key metabolic pathways of M. tuberculosis. The discussion encompasses small molecule, synthetic, peptide, natural product and microbial inhibitors and navigates through promising candidates in different phases of clinical development. Additionally, we explore the crucial enzymes and targets involved in metabolic pathways, highlighting their inhibitors. The metabolic pathways explored include nucleotide synthesis, mycolic acid synthesis, peptidoglycan biosynthesis, and energy metabolism. Furthermore, advancements in genetic approaches like CRISPRi and conditional expression systems are discussed, focusing on their role in elucidating gene essentiality and vulnerability in Mycobacteria.},
}

@article {pmid40153548,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, D and Nemet, M and Dos Anjos, GA and Zec, SN and Zambrano, CC and Rovati, L and Truong, H and Dong, Y},
title = {Challenges of Ventilator Procurement and Distribution in the ICU During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Critical care explorations},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {e1248},
doi = {10.1097/CCE.0000000000001248},
pmid = {40153548},
issn = {2639-8028},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Ventilators, Mechanical/supply & distribution ; *Intensive Care Units/supply & distribution/organization & administration ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The goal of this scoping review was to review some of the challenges hospitals faced in dealing with the shortage of ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic and the solutions they were able to implement or suggested. By highlighting these problems and solutions, we hope this review can catalyze further discussions about how to better prepare for future pandemics and medical supply shortages.

DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive search strategy using identifying key words was applied to several different databases to procure relevant literature.

STUDY SELECTION: Four thousand two hundred fifty-nine studies were found in the initial search. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were created and applied to screen studies. Included studies focused on the supply and distribution of ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the case where reviewers disagreed about whether a study should be included, a third reviewer acted as a tie-breaker.

DATA EXTRACTION: Thirty-three studies were included for final data extraction. Two independent reviewers collected various data points from these studies, including the main challenges discussed by the authors, the level of ventilator shortage being addressed, whether ventilator sharing was discussed, and the limitations of the study.

DATA SYNTHESIS: A third reviewer compared the collected data and decided on the results.

CONCLUSIONS: Some of the common solutions for the ventilator shortage discussed included augmenting overall ventilator supply through increased production, transporting ventilators between hospitals, ventilator sharing, designing new ventilators, and repurposing other resources to help address shortages of supplies.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Ventilators, Mechanical/supply & distribution
*Intensive Care Units/supply & distribution/organization & administration
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40153386,
year = {2025},
author = {Martin, AF and Smith, LE and Brooks, SK and Stein, MV and Davies, R and Amlôt, R and Greenberg, N and Rubin, GJ},
title = {The impact of self-isolation on psychological wellbeing in adults and how to reduce it: A systematic review.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {e0310851},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0310851},
pmid = {40153386},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Mental Health ; Adult ; Depression/psychology ; Anxiety/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Social Isolation/psychology ; Pandemics ; Adaptation, Psychological ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To synthesise evidence on the impact of self-isolation at home on the psychological and emotional wellbeing of adults in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022378140). We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase, and grey literature. Wellbeing included adverse mental health outcomes and adaptive wellbeing. We followed PRISMA and synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines. We extracted data on the impact of self-isolation on wellbeing, and factors associated with and interventions targeting wellbeing during self-isolation.

RESULTS: Thirty-six studies were included. The mode quality rating was 'high-risk'. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were most investigated. Evidence for an impact of self-isolation on wellbeing was often inconsistent in quantitative studies, although qualitative studies consistently reported a negative impact. People with pre-existing mental and physical health needs reported increased symptoms of mental ill health during self-isolation. Studies reported modifiable stressors that have been reported in previous infectious disease contexts, such as inadequate support, poor coping strategies, inadequate and conflicting information, and highlighted the importance of regular contact from trusted healthcare professionals. Interventions targeting psychological wellbeing were rare and evaluative studies of these had high or very high risk of bias.

CONCLUSION: When implementing self-isolation directives, public health officials should prioritise support for individuals who have pre-existing mental or physical health needs, lack support, or who are facing significant life stressors. Focus should be directed toward interventions that address loneliness, worries, and misinformation, whilst monitoring and identifying individuals in need of additional support.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Mental Health
Adult
Depression/psychology
Anxiety/psychology
SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
Social Isolation/psychology
Pandemics
Adaptation, Psychological

@article {pmid40153166,
year = {2025},
author = {Bloomberg, L and Rubin, JN},
title = {Hepatology in the Digital Era: A Review of Telehealth Care for Liver Disease.},
journal = {Current gastroenterology reports},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {25},
pmid = {40153166},
issn = {1534-312X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine ; *Liver Diseases/therapy ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Gastroenterology/trends/methods ; Health Services Accessibility ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Telehealth has become an integral component of healthcare delivery in the US. While telehealth has been utilized within Hepatology for decades for HCV through Project ECHO and adapted by the VA, the COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed an unprecedented expansion of telehealth. This review examines the evolution, benefits, challenges, and future implications of telehealth in Hepatology.

RECENT FINDINGS: Telehealth can improve access to care for underserved patient populations and provide continuity of care for chronic liver disease and liver transplant patients. Studies suggest that telehealth can deliver equivalent quality of care to in-person visits with high satisfaction rates among patients and providers. However, there are barriers to telehealth including disparities in technology access, limitations in quality of virtual encounters, and limited insurance policies. However, many questions remain. As Hepatology enters the digital era, telehealth holds promise for enhancing care delivery, but its integration must be guided by evidence-based practices.},
}

Humans
*Telemedicine
*Liver Diseases/therapy
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Gastroenterology/trends/methods
Health Services Accessibility
SARS-CoV-2
United States

@article {pmid40153158,
year = {2025},
author = {Nawaz, M and Huiyuan, Y and Akhtar, F and Tianyue, M and Zheng, H},
title = {Deep learning in the discovery of antiviral peptides and peptidomimetics: databases and prediction tools.},
journal = {Molecular diversity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40153158},
issn = {1573-501X},
support = {82073767//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Antiviral peptides (AVPs) represent a novel and promising therapeutic alternative to conventional antiviral treatments, due to their broad-spectrum activity, high specificity, and low toxicity. The emergence of zoonotic viruses such as Zika, Ebola, and SARS-CoV-2 have accelerated AVP research, driven by advancements in data availability and artificial intelligence (AI). This review focuses on the development of AVP databases, their physicochemical properties, and predictive tools utilizing machine learning for AVP discovery. Machine learning plays a pivotal role in advancing and developing antiviral peptides and peptidomimetics, particularly through the development of specialized databases such as DRAVP, AVPdb, and DBAASP. These resources facilitate AVP characterization but face limitations, including small datasets, incomplete annotations, and inadequate integration with multi-omics data.The antiviral efficacy of AVPs is closely linked to their physicochemical properties, such as hydrophobicity and amphipathic α-helical structures, which enable viral membrane disruption and specific target interactions. Computational prediction tools employing machine learning and deep learning have significantly advanced AVP discovery. However, challenges like overfitting, limited experimental validation, and a lack of mechanistic insights hinder clinical translation.Future advancements should focus on improved validation frameworks, integration of in vivo data, and the development of interpretable models to elucidate AVP mechanisms. Expanding predictive models to address multi-target interactions and incorporating complex biological environments will be crucial for translating AVPs into effective clinical therapies.},
}

@article {pmid40153131,
year = {2025},
author = {Fan, R and Liang, Q and Sui, Y and Yang, Y and Yuan, X},
title = {The next viral pandemic-where do we stand?.},
journal = {Folia microbiologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {40153131},
issn = {1874-9356},
abstract = {The world is presently undergoing a recovery phase following the unexpected challenges posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The loss of lives and the economic setbacks experienced by the global population will require considerable time to address. It is clear that future outbreaks, epidemics, or even pandemic caused by unknown bacterial, fungal, or viral pathogens are inevitable. In this context, public health front-liners will be essential in minimizing the impact of such incidents. This mini-review briefly discusses sociocultural issues, diagnostic capacities, surveillance, and screening strategies for potential future viral pandemic - referred to as Pandemic X. Additionally, it addresses treatment responses, vaccine development efforts, scientific advancements, policy considerations, and prospects for science communication related to forthcoming viral pandemics. While this review does not encompass all scientific approaches available on these topics, it aims to serve as a guideline for informing public health sectors about appropriate measures that should be undertaken.},
}

@article {pmid40152754,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, W and Quesnelle, KM and Porter-Stransky, KA},
title = {Learning together: a narrative review of external resources for medical education through a shared student-faculty lens.},
journal = {Annals of medicine},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {2483971},
doi = {10.1080/07853890.2025.2483971},
pmid = {40152754},
issn = {1365-2060},
mesh = {Humans ; *Students, Medical/psychology ; *Faculty, Medical ; *Curriculum ; Education, Medical/methods ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Education, Distance/methods ; Learning ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {External resources, defined as commercial learning resources typically found online and not created by academic institutions, are increasingly utilized by students in medical education. As the use of external resources continues to grow, there is a need to understand their appropriate place within medical education and for faculty members to continue to integrate such resources into the existing medical curricula. A gap in the literature exists regarding the role of such resources within formal medical education. This narrative review identifies factors contributing to the use of external resources, integrates student and faculty perspectives to highlight their unique insights, and collaboratively proposes recommendations for the future use of external resources in medical education. Identified factors contributing to the increased use of external resources include generational affinity for technology and online learning, perceived efficiency compared to live lectures, pass-fail grading system of biomedical science courses, the pressure of board exams, and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although external resources are expensive, medical students use them to support their pre-clerkship learning and performance on national licensure exams. Faculty share the goal of student success and see potential for integration of external resources in the curriculum but raise concerns about reduced learner presence and willingness to read as well as the possibility of a universal medical curriculum. Collaborative student-faculty recommendations include the primacy of student autonomy, the benefits of classroom engagement, and the importance of cost management around third-party resources. Although external resources should not supplant all faculty instruction, they can benefit both medical students and faculty when thoughtfully and strategically integrated within the pre-clerkship curriculum to enhance learning outcomes and board exam performance.},
}

Humans
*Students, Medical/psychology
*Faculty, Medical
*Curriculum
Education, Medical/methods
COVID-19/epidemiology
Education, Distance/methods
Learning
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40152570,
year = {2025},
author = {Khatami, SS and Ghorbani Shirkouhi, S and Høilund-Carlsen, PF and Revheim, ME and Alavi, A and Blaabjerg, M and Andalib, S},
title = {Peripheral Nervous System Complications after COVID-19 Vaccination.},
journal = {Journal of integrative neuroscience},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {26632},
doi = {10.31083/JIN26632},
pmid = {40152570},
issn = {0219-6352},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology/chemically induced ; COVID-19/prevention & control/complications ; },
abstract = {While vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains crucial, neurological complications have been detected following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. The neurological complications of COVID-19 vaccination can be seen in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In this study, we reviewed PNS complications after COVID-19 vaccination, their underlying mechanisms, diagnosis, and management. Inflammatory polyneuropathy, small fiber neuropathy, Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS), cranial mononeuropathies, and myasthenia gravis (MG) have been reported following COVID-19 vaccination. Inflammatory polyneuropathy following COVID-19 vaccination should be diagnosed early based on clinical presentation and treated with supportive care, and immunoglobulin or plasmapheresis to prevent respiratory distress if required. It is important to differentiate peripheral from central facial paralysis after COVID-19 vaccination to rule out upper motor neuron damage, including stroke. Diagnosis of small fiber neuropathy in the setting of COVID-19 vaccination should be suspected in patients with dysesthesia, dysautonomia, and lower extremity paresthesia. A skin biopsy of the proximal or distal lower limb should generally be considered for diagnosing small fiber neuropathy following COVID-19 vaccination. Even though pain at the injection site is one of the most common symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination, shoulder pain lasting more than 3 weeks should raise the suspicion of severe complications such as PTS. In addition to a proper physical examination as a reliable diagnosis tool, needle electromyography can be considered to help the diagnosis of PTS following COVID-19 vaccination. In our opinion, despite complications after COVID-19 vaccination, the benefit of vaccination immunity should not be forgotten.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
*Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology/chemically induced
COVID-19/prevention & control/complications

@article {pmid40152069,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, YH and Jan, JS and Yang, CH and Yen, TL and Linh, TTD and Annavajjula, S and Satapathy, MK and Tsao, SY and Hsieh, CY},
title = {Cognitive Sequelae of COVID-19: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Approaches.},
journal = {CNS neuroscience & therapeutics},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {e70348},
doi = {10.1111/cns.70348},
pmid = {40152069},
issn = {1755-5949},
support = {R113-020//Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital/ ; CGH-A10610//Cathay General Hospital/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Animals ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has left an indelible mark on the world, with mounting evidence suggesting that it not only posed acute challenges to global healthcare systems but has also unveiled a complex array of long-term consequences, particularly cognitive impairment (CI). As the persistence of post-COVID-19 neurological syndrome could evolve into the next public health crisis, it is imperative to gain a better understanding of the intricate pathophysiology of CI in COVID-19 patients and viable treatment strategies.

METHODS: This comprehensive review explores the pathophysiology and management of cognitive impairment across the phases of COVID-19, from acute infection to Long-COVID, by synthesizing findings from clinical, preclinical, and mechanistic studies to identify key contributors to CI, as well as current therapeutic approaches.

RESULTS: Key mechanisms contributing to CI include persistent neuroinflammation, cerebrovascular complications, direct neuronal injury, activation of the kynurenine pathway, and psychological distress. Both pharmacological interventions, such as anti-inflammatory therapies and agents targeting neuroinflammatory pathways, and non-pharmacological strategies, including cognitive rehabilitation, show promise in addressing these challenges. Although much of the current evidence is derived from preclinical and animal studies, these findings provide foundational insights into potential treatment approaches.

CONCLUSION: By synthesizing current knowledge, this review highlights the importance of addressing COVID-19-related cognitive impairment and offers actionable insights for mitigation and recovery as the global community continues to grapple with the pandemic's long-term impact.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/psychology
*Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Animals
Neuroinflammatory Diseases

@article {pmid40150759,
year = {2025},
author = {Huidobro, N and Meza-Andrade, R and Méndez-Balbuena, I and Trenado, C and Tello Bello, M and Tepichin Rodríguez, E},
title = {Electroencephalographic Biomarkers for Neuropsychiatric Diseases: The State of the Art.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bioengineering12030295},
pmid = {40150759},
issn = {2306-5354},
support = {10701-1062//Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Decanato de Ciencias de la Vida y la Salud de la Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla/ ; VIEP-BUAP MEBI-EDH-16//Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios de Postgrado de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla/ ; },
abstract = {Because of their nature, biomarkers for neuropsychiatric diseases were out of the reach of medical diagnostic technology until the past few decades. In recent years, the confluence of greater, affordable computer power with the need for more efficient diagnoses and treatments has increased interest in and the possibility of their discovery. This review will focus on the progress made over the past ten years regarding the search for electroencephalographic biomarkers for neuropsychiatric diseases. This includes algorithms and methods of analysis, machine learning, and quantitative electroencephalography as applied to neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases as well as traumatic brain injury and COVID-19. Our findings suggest that there is a need for consensus among quantitative electroencephalography researchers on the classification of biomarkers that most suit this field; that there is a slight disconnection between the development of increasingly sophisticated methods of analysis and what they will actually be of use for in the clinical setting; and finally, that diagnostic biomarkers are the most favored type in the field with a few caveats. The main goal of this state-of-the-art review is to provide the reader with a general panorama of the state of the art in this field.},
}

@article {pmid40150720,
year = {2025},
author = {Estrada, A and Furmanski, O and Klarmann, GJ and Scheidt, N and Ho, VB},
title = {Progress in Development of Functional Biological and Synthetic Blood Products to Augment Transfusable Blood Supply in Operational Medicine.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bioengineering12030256},
pmid = {40150720},
issn = {2306-5354},
support = {HU000112020011//Health Affairs/ ; },
abstract = {A reliable, accessible, and high-quality blood supply is critical for the sustainment of any healthcare system. World events such as the COVID-19 pandemic have proven that maintaining the supply of blood presents a logistical challenge. The current blood supply is overseen by extensive donor programs around the world. In the United States, as in other countries, the need for blood has increased, with a decline in blood donations and increasing exclusions for blood donor qualification. While there is a need to improve blood donation participation, there is also need for new alternatives to traditional donation to ensure readiness to treat hemorrhagic shock common in the setting of trauma, as often occurs during a natural disaster or conflict. These operational medicine scenarios require significant blood availability which may tax the current blood supply chain. Aside from a walking blood bank (WBB) model for blood collection in suboptimal conditions, researchers have proposed alternatives for blood that include the manufacturing of blood from stem cell sources. Other alternatives include synthetic liquids that can carry oxygen such as Perfluoro-Chemicals (PFCs) and hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying systems (HBCOs). Here, we review some of these alternatives to the traditional donor blood model. Researchers now have the technology that makes it feasible to develop blood alternatives that one day may supplement and help alleviate the limitations in blood supply.},
}

@article {pmid40150543,
year = {2025},
author = {Silva, AFD and Martins, PC and Santiago, LN and Silva, DAS},
title = {Mapping Evidence on Integrated 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of Reviews.},
journal = {Children (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/children12030260},
pmid = {40150543},
issn = {2227-9067},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There has been a substantial increase in research on the new 24-hour movement paradigm, emphasizing the importance of considering the "whole day" and investigating integrated movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep). This scoping review aims to map the evidence from reviews that have summarized information on integrated 24-hour movement behaviors in children and adolescents.

METHODS: Eight databases were searched in May 2023, with an update in October 2024. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR framework and the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual.

RESULTS: National 24-hour movement guidelines for children and adolescents exist in only a few countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa). There is a lack of valid and reliable measurement tools for assessing 24-hour movement. Globally, children and adolescents, with and without disabilities, show low adherence to these guidelines. Reallocating time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was beneficial, while other reallocations had mixed results to health. COVID-19 reduced physical activity and increased screen time and sleep. Healthy movement behaviors are positively associated with better health outcomes in children and adolescents. There is a possible relationship between adherence to 24-hour movement behaviors and cognitive function, pollution measures, and eHealth interventions. Inconsistencies were identified in the terms used.

CONCLUSIONS: High-quality research is needed to develop measurement tools that assess the long-term health impact of 24-hour movement and to create solutions for improving adherence, mainly in countries lacking specific guidelines.},
}

@article {pmid40150507,
year = {2025},
author = {Giansanti, D},
title = {Advancements in Digital Cytopathology Since COVID-19: Insights from a Narrative Review of Review Articles.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/healthcare13060657},
pmid = {40150507},
issn = {2227-9032},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: The integration of digitalization in cytopathology is an emerging field with transformative potential, aiming to enhance diagnostic precision and operational efficiency. This narrative review of reviews (NRR) seeks to identify prevailing themes, opportunities, challenges, and recommendations related to the process of digitalization in cytopathology. Methods: Utilizing a standardized checklist and quality control procedures, this review examines recent advancements and future implications in this domain. Twenty-one review studies were selected through a systematic process. Results: The results highlight key emerging trends, themes, opportunities, challenges, and recommendations in digital cytopathology. First, the study identifies pivotal themes that reflect the ongoing technological transformation, guiding future focus areas in the field. A major trend is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), which is increasingly critical in improving diagnostic accuracy, streamlining workflows, and assisting decision making. Notably, emerging AI technologies like large language models (LLMs) and chatbots are expected to provide real-time support and automate tasks, though concerns around ethics and privacy must be addressed. The reviews also emphasize the need for standardized protocols, comprehensive training, and rigorous validation to ensure AI tools are reliable and effective across clinical settings. Lastly, digital cytopathology holds significant potential to improve healthcare accessibility, especially in remote areas, by enabling faster, more efficient diagnoses and fostering global collaboration through telepathology. Conclusions: Overall, this study highlights the transformative impact of digitalization in cytopathology, improving diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and global accessibility through tools like whole-slide imaging and telepathology. While artificial intelligence plays a significant role, the broader focus is on integrating digital solutions to enhance workflows and collaboration. Addressing challenges such as standardization, training, and ethical considerations is crucial to fully realize the potential of these advancements.},
}

@article {pmid40150097,
year = {2025},
author = {Berry, L and Rehnberg, L and Groves, P and Knight, M and Stewart, M and Dushianthan, A},
title = {Lung Ultrasound in Critical Care: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics15060755},
pmid = {40150097},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {Lung ultrasound (LUS) has become a crucial part of the investigative tools available in the management of critically ill patients, both within the intensive care unit setting and in prehospital medicine. The increase in its application, in part driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, along with the easy access and use of mobile and handheld devices, allows for immediate access to information, reducing the need for other radiological investigations. LUS allows for the rapid and accurate diagnosis and grading of respiratory pathology, optimisation of ventilation, assessment of weaning, and monitoring of the efficacy of surfactant therapies. This, however, must occur within the framework of accreditation to ensure patient safety and prevent misinterpretation and misdiagnosis. This narrative review aims to outline the current uses of LUS within the context of published protocols, associated pathologies, LUS scoring systems, and their applications, whilst exploring more novel uses.},
}

@article {pmid40149895,
year = {2025},
author = {Fatima, M and An, T and Hong, KJ},
title = {Revolutionizing mRNA Vaccines Through Innovative Formulation and Delivery Strategies.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biom15030359},
pmid = {40149895},
issn = {2218-273X},
support = {RS-2024-00331833//Ministry of Food and Drug Safety/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *mRNA Vaccines ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/chemistry/administration & dosage ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Animals ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Lipids/chemistry ; Liposomes ; },
abstract = {Modernization of existing methods for the delivery of mRNA is vital in advanced therapeutics. Traditionally, mRNA has faced obstacles of poor stability due to enzymatic degradation. This work examines cutting-edge formulation and emerging techniques for safer delivery of mRNA vaccines. Inspired by the success of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) in delivering mRNA vaccines for COVID-19, a variety of other formulations have been developed to deliver mRNA vaccines for diverse infections. The meritorious features of nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery strategies, including LNP, polymeric, dendrimers, polysaccharide-based, peptide-derived, carbon and metal-based, DNA nanostructures, hybrid, and extracellular vesicles, have been examined. The impact of these delivery platforms on mRNA vaccine delivery efficacy, protection from enzymatic degradation, cellular uptake, controlled release, and immunogenicity has been discussed in detail. Even with significant developments, there are certain limitations to overcome, including toxicity concerns, limited information about immune pathways, the need to maintain a cold chain, and the necessity of optimizing administration methods. Continuous innovation is essential for improving delivery systems for mRNA vaccines. Future research directions have been proposed to address the existing challenges in mRNA delivery and to expand their potential prophylactic and therapeutic application.},
}

Humans
*mRNA Vaccines
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*Nanoparticles/chemistry
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/chemistry/administration & dosage
RNA, Messenger/genetics
Animals
Drug Delivery Systems/methods
Lipids/chemistry
Liposomes

@article {pmid40149651,
year = {2025},
author = {Manti, S and Leotta, M and D'Amico, F and Foti Randazzese, S and Parisi, GF and Leonardi, S},
title = {Severe Asthma and Active SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Insights into Biologics.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines13030674},
pmid = {40149651},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, managing asthma has become significantly more challenging. Both national and international guidelines emphasize the importance of continuing prescribed medications to maintain asthma control and prevent exacerbations. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 infection has raised concerns about the safety of biologic therapies during acute COVID-19 episodes, necessitating a careful and individualized approach to their use. Biologic therapies, including omalizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, benralizumab, and tezepelumab, which target specific pathways in severe asthma, have revolutionized asthma management by improving symptom control and reducing exacerbation rates. Despite their proven benefits, the intersection of biologic therapy and active SARS-CoV-2 infection has prompted questions regarding potential immunomodulatory effects and risks. This review aimed to synthesize the current literature on the antiviral effects and safety of biologic drugs in severe asthmatic patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection, encompassing both pediatric and adult populations.},
}

@article {pmid40149526,
year = {2025},
author = {Ruhrländer, J and Syntila, S and Schieffer, E and Schieffer, B},
title = {The Orexin System and Its Impact on the Autonomic Nervous and Cardiometabolic System in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines13030545},
pmid = {40149526},
issn = {2227-9059},
support = {62083772//Dr. Reinfried Pohl Foundation/Marburg/ ; 18x4000-0003/2023/005//Ministry of Health, State of Hessen/Germany/ ; },
abstract = {Orexins (OXs) are critical for regulating circadian rhythms, arousal, appetite, energy metabolism, and electrolyte balance, affecting both the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the cardiovascular system (CVS). Disruption of the OX system can result in symptoms similar to those observed in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). This review emphasizes the adverse effects of OX dysregulation on autonomic and cardiometabolic functions in patients with PASC. Additionally, we highlight the potential of anti-OX therapies to provide neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory benefits, offering hope for alleviating some of the debilitating symptoms associated with PASC.},
}

@article {pmid40009754,
year = {2025},
author = {Chew, QH and Sim, KS and Shi, YE and Sim, K},
title = {Urbanicity and anxiety disorders: current evidence and quo vadis?.},
journal = {Current opinion in psychiatry},
volume = {38},
number = {3},
pages = {217-226},
doi = {10.1097/YCO.0000000000000995},
pmid = {40009754},
issn = {1473-6578},
mesh = {Humans ; *Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Urbanization ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/psychology ; Urban Population ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There are few studies investigating the effects of urbanization on various anxiety-related conditions in specific population subgroups. This review aims to examine the effects of urbanization through the lens of population subgroups as well as anxiety disorder subtypes.

RECENT FINDINGS: There was more consistent evidence suggesting that those of a younger age group and from disadvantaged backgrounds (such as lower socioeconomic status, refugee status) may be more vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). When we examined the relationship between urbanization and anxiety disorder subtype, the results were largely mixed, with some evidence for the positive association between urbanization and PTSD. Many of the recent studies had been conducted in the context of the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

SUMMARY: The association between urbanicity and anxiety-related disorders in the various subgroups can be influenced by socio-demographic factors. Interventions and policies that aim to ameliorate the effects of urbanicity would need to identify vulnerable individuals early based on social or environmental factors. Given that the short and long-term psychological sequelae of the recent COVID-19 pandemic are still being evaluated, the inter-relationships between urbanization, external factors and specific anxiety disorders await further delineation.},
}

Humans
*Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
*Urbanization
Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/psychology
Urban Population

@article {pmid40009750,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, X and Gui, Z and Chen, ZM and Feng, Y and Wu, XD and Su, Z and Cheung, T and Ungvari, GS and Liu, XC and Yan, YR and Ng, CH and Xiang, YT},
title = {Global prevalence of internet addiction among university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Current opinion in psychiatry},
volume = {38},
number = {3},
pages = {182-199},
doi = {10.1097/YCO.0000000000000994},
pmid = {40009750},
issn = {1473-6578},
mesh = {Humans ; *Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; *Internet Addiction Disorder/epidemiology ; Universities ; Prevalence ; COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; Male ; Female ; Global Health ; Young Adult ; Sex Factors ; Depression/epidemiology ; Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The prevalence of internet addiction among university students has been extensively studied worldwide, however, the findings have been mixed. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the global prevalence of internet addiction in university students and identify its potential moderators.

RECENT FINDINGS: A total of 101 eligible studies, comprising 128020 participants across 38 countries and territories, were included. The pooled global prevalence of internet addiction among university students was 41.84% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 35.89-48.02]. Significant differences in the prevalence were observed across different income levels, regions, periods of COVID-19 pandemic, and cut-off values of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Sample size was negatively associated with internet addiction prevalence, while depression prevalence was positively associated with internet addiction prevalence. Male students had a significantly higher risk of internet addiction compared to female students [pooled odd ratio (OR): 1.32, 95% CI: 1.19-1.46].

SUMMARY: This meta-analysis found that the prevalence of internet addiction was high among university students, which has increased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Screening and intervention measures to address internet addiction should prioritize students with an increased risk including male students, those from lower-income regions and those with depression.},
}

Humans
*Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data
*Internet Addiction Disorder/epidemiology
Universities
Prevalence
COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
Male
Female
Global Health
Young Adult
Sex Factors
Depression/epidemiology
Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology

@article {pmid37537907,
year = {2025},
author = {Pham, H and Lin, C and Zhu, Y and Clingan, SE and Lin, LA and Mooney, LJ and Murphy, SM and Campbell, CI and Liu, Y and Hser, YI},
title = {Telemedicine-delivered treatment for substance use disorder: A scoping review.},
journal = {Journal of telemedicine and telecare},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {359-375},
pmid = {37537907},
issn = {1758-1109},
support = {IK2 HX002612/HX/HSRD VA/United States ; P30 MH058107/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; UG1 DA040314/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; UG1 DA049435/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine ; *Substance-Related Disorders/therapy ; COVID-19/therapy ; Health Services Accessibility ; },
abstract = {IntroductionThe COVID pandemic prompted a significant increase in the utilization of telemedicine (TM) for substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. As we transition towards a "new normal" policy, it is crucial to comprehensively understand the evidence of TM in SUD treatment. This scoping review aims to summarize existing evidence regarding TM's acceptability, quality, effectiveness, access/utilization, and cost in the context of SUD treatment in order to identify knowledge gaps and inform policy decisions regarding TM for SUDs.MethodWe searched studies published in 2012-2022 from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and other sources. Findings were synthesized using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 856 relevant articles were screened, with a final total of 42 articles included in the review. TM in SUD treatment was perceived to be generally beneficial and acceptable. TM was as effective as in-person SUD care in terms of substance use reduction and treatment retention; however, most studies lacked rigorous designs and follow-up durations were brief (≤3 months). Telephone-based TM platforms (vs video) were positively associated with older age, lower education, and no prior overdose. Providers generally consider TM to be affordable for patients, but no relevant studies were available from patient perspectives.ConclusionsTM in SUD treatment is generally perceived to be beneficial and acceptable and as effective as in-person care, although more rigorously designed studies on effectiveness are still lacking. Access and utilization of TM may vary by platform. TM service quality and costs are the least studied and warrant further investigations.},
}

Humans
*Telemedicine
*Substance-Related Disorders/therapy
COVID-19/therapy
Health Services Accessibility

@article {pmid35952917,
year = {2022},
author = {López Pérez, V},
title = {[Translated article] COVID-19 and Dermal Fillers: Should We Really Be Concerned?.},
journal = {Actas dermo-sifiliograficas},
volume = {113},
number = {9},
pages = {T888-T894},
doi = {10.1016/j.ad.2022.08.013},
pmid = {35952917},
issn = {1578-2190},
mesh = {Anti-Bacterial Agents ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Dermal Fillers/adverse effects ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/adverse effects ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide and case numbers continue to rise. Besides the effect of the virus on key organs - leading to respiratory illness, anosmia, diarrhea, and fever and other complications - delayed inflammatory reactions to hyaluronic acid dermal fillers, mainly in the face, have also been reported to occur after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and in vaccinated individuals. While delayed inflammatory reactions tend to be self-limiting, they should be diagnosed and treated with corticosteroids, hyaluronidase, and/or antibiotics when necessary. The inflammation is generally not severe, yet these complications are classified as serious adverse events by the US Food and Drug Administration. They appear to be delayed type IV hypersensitivity reactions triggered by the immune system in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 or other viruses, such as those causing influenza, although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Because the longevity of dermal fillers is increasing, while the pandemic continues to evolve and new vaccines are under development, the long-term effects on hyaluronic acid fillers and other bioimplant materials should be studied. Physicians must also be encouraged to report these reactions, however mild, to ensure accurate records.},
}

Anti-Bacterial Agents
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*Dermal Fillers/adverse effects
Humans
Hyaluronic Acid/adverse effects
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40148238,
year = {2025},
author = {Abubasheer, TM and Abubasheer, HMA and Odat, RM and Elgenidy, A and Afifi, AM},
title = {Sex-Based Differences in Cardiovascular Outcomes Associated With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {e70022},
doi = {10.1002/rmv.70022},
pmid = {40148238},
issn = {1099-1654},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/epidemiology/virology ; Male ; Female ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/mortality ; Sex Factors ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Heart Failure/epidemiology/mortality ; Hemorrhage/epidemiology ; Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology/mortality ; Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology/mortality ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 has emerged as a global health crisis with significant consequences, not only for respiratory health but also for the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to investigate potential sex-based disparities in cardiovascular outcomes among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 A systematic search was performed in PUBMED/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and EMBASE, up until January 2024 to identify studies measuring the sex-based differences in cardiovascular outcomes associated with COVID-19. The outcomes of interest included (myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, major bleeding, mortality, heart failure and hospitalization length). The meta-analysis was performed using the 'Stata' software, version 18. We identified 11 studies involving 31,044 males and 25,917 females in our review. A slightly lower risk of myocardial infarction in females (RR: 1.24; 95% CI [1.03, 1.49]; p = 0.02) contrasted with a substantially increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (RR: 1.43; 95% CI [1.19, 1.71]; p = 0.00) in males. Additionally, males displayed a slightly higher risk of major bleeding (RR: 1.22; 95% CI [1.06, 1.40]; p = 0.00). This trend continued with significantly higher rates of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) utilization (RR: 2.14; 95% CI [1.11, 4.13]; p = 0.02) in males. Moreover, stroke outcomes and overall mortality were demonstrably worse for males (RR: 1.46; p = 0.05 and RR: 1.21; p = 0.00, respectively). Males with COVID-19 face higher risks of myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and mortality. Heart failure and hospitalization length show no gender disparity. These findings highlight the crucial role of gender in COVID-19's cardiovascular complications.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/mortality/complications/epidemiology/virology
Male
Female
*Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/mortality
Sex Factors
*SARS-CoV-2
Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
Heart Failure/epidemiology/mortality
Hemorrhage/epidemiology
Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology/mortality
Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology/mortality
Risk Factors

@article {pmid40148134,
year = {2025},
author = {Mezouar, S and Mege, JL},
title = {Monitoring Macrophage Polarization in Infectious Disease, Lesson From SARS-CoV-2 Infection.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {e70034},
doi = {10.1002/ird3.70006},
pmid = {40148134},
issn = {1099-1654},
support = {IMMUNO-COVID//Agence Nationale de la Recherche/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/pathology ; *Macrophages/immunology/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Monocytes/immunology ; *Macrophage Activation ; Biomarkers ; },
abstract = {The concept of macrophage polarization has been largely used in human diseases to define a typology of activation of myeloid cells reminiscent of lymphocyte functional subsets. In COVID-19, several studies have investigated myeloid compartment dysregulation and macrophage polarization as an indicator of disease prognosis and monitoring. SARS-CoV-2 induces an in vitro activation state in monocytes and macrophages that does not match the polarization categories in most studies. In COVID-19 patients, monocytes and macrophages are activated but they do not show a polarization profile. Therefore, the investigation of polarization under basic conditions was not relevant to assess monocyte and macrophage activation. The analysis of monocytes and macrophages with high-throughput methods has allowed the identification of new functional subsets in the context of COVID-19. This approach proposes an innovative stratification of myeloid cell activation. These new functional subsets of myeloid cells would be better biomarkers to assess the risk of complications in COVID-19, reserving the concept of polarization for pharmacological programme evaluation. This review reappraises the polarization of monocytes and macrophages in viral infections, particularly in COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/virology/pathology
*Macrophages/immunology/virology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Monocytes/immunology
*Macrophage Activation
Biomarkers

@article {pmid40148048,
year = {2025},
author = {Mattei, D and Guneykaya, D and Ugursu, B and Buonfiglioli, A},
title = {From womb to world: The interplay between maternal immune activation, neuroglia, and neurodevelopment.},
journal = {Handbook of clinical neurology},
volume = {210},
number = {},
pages = {269-285},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00028-4},
pmid = {40148048},
issn = {0072-9752},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neurodevelopmental Disorders/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Animals ; Female ; *Neuroglia/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/immunology ; Brain/immunology/growth & development ; },
abstract = {This chapter introduces and discusses maternal immune activation (MIA) as a contributing factor in increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly in relation to its interactions with neuroglia. Here we first provide an overview of the neuroglia-astroglia, oligodendroglia, microglia, and radial glial cells-and their important role during early brain development and in adulthood. We then present and discuss MIA, followed by a critical overview of inflammatory molecules and temporal stages associated to maternal inflammation during pregnancy. We provide an overview of animal and human models used to mimic and study MIA. Furthermore, we review the possible interaction between MIA and neuroglia, focusing on the current advances in both modeling and therapeutics. Additionally, we discuss and provide preliminary and interesting insights into the most recent pandemic, COVID-19, and how the infection may be associated to MIA and increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, we provide a critical overview of challenges and future opportunities to study how MIA may contribute to higher risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders.},
}

Humans
*Neurodevelopmental Disorders/immunology
Pregnancy
Animals
Female
*Neuroglia/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/immunology
Brain/immunology/growth & development

@article {pmid40148046,
year = {2025},
author = {Awogbindin, I and ŠimonČiČová, E and Vidal, V and Ash, C and Tremblay, ME},
title = {Neuroglial responses to bacterial, viral, and fungal neuroinfections.},
journal = {Handbook of clinical neurology},
volume = {210},
number = {},
pages = {213-238},
doi = {10.1016/B978-0-443-19102-2.00027-2},
pmid = {40148046},
issn = {0072-9752},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neuroglia/microbiology/virology ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Microglia/microbiology ; Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/microbiology/therapy ; Astrocytes/microbiology/virology ; Central Nervous System Infections/microbiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Evidence regarding the host's response to peripheral pathogens in humans abound, whereas studies on the pathogenesis of central nervous system-penetrating infections are relatively scarce. However, given the spate of epidemic and pandemic neuroinfections in the 21st century, the field has experienced a renewed interest lately. This chapter discusses a timely and exciting topic on the roles of glial cells, mainly microglia and astrocytes, in neuroinvasive infections. This chapter considered fungal, viral, and bacterial neuroinfections, X-raying their neuroinvasiveness, neurotropism, and neurovirulence before focusing on specific examples notable for each category, including Escherichia coli, Cryptococcus neoformans, and SARS-CoV-2. These infections are renowned worldwide for a high case-fatality rate, leaving many survivors with life-long morbidity and others with a bleak future neurologic prognosis. Importantly, the chapter discusses possible ways microglia and astrocytes are culpable in these infections and provides approaches by which they can be manipulated for therapeutic purposes, identifying viable research gaps in the process. Additionally, it offers a synopsis of ongoing works considering microglial selective targeting to attenuate the pathology, morbidity, and mortality associated with these neuroinfections. Considering that microglia and astrocytes are first responders in the central nervous system, targeting these glial cells could be the game changer in managing existing and emerging neuroinvasive infections.},
}

Humans
*Neuroglia/microbiology/virology
Animals
COVID-19
Microglia/microbiology
Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/microbiology/therapy
Astrocytes/microbiology/virology
Central Nervous System Infections/microbiology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40147989,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, J and Ma, Y and To, WL and Chow, S and To Tang, H and Wong, HK and Luo, J and Hoi Cheung, C and Bian, Z},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 infection on mortality, diabetic complications and haematological parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {e090986},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090986},
pmid = {40147989},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/blood ; *Diabetes Complications/blood/mortality ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis/mortality/blood ; Diabetes Mellitus/blood ; Acute Kidney Injury/mortality/blood/etiology ; Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: SARS-CoV-2 poses significant challenges to people living with diabetes (PLWD). This systematic review aimed to explore the impact of COVID-19 on mortality, complications associated with diabetes and haematological parameters among PLWD.

DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

DATA SOURCES: EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and LILACS were searched between 1 December 2019 and 14 January 2025.

Eligible studies included case-control and cohort studies involving PLWD categorised into two groups: those with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and those without.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Meta-analyses estimated the odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) of outcomes including mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), acute kidney injury, hospitalisation length and haematological parameters. We pooled results using random-effects models and assessed study quality with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A funnel plot was used to detect potential publication bias. The overall certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.

RESULTS: 25 of 7266 unique studies were eligible, including 1 154674 PLWD (561 558 with COVID-19 and 593 116 without COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWD was associated with significantly increased mortality (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.45 to 4.36, I[2]=99%), acute kidney injury (3.69, 95% CI 2.75 to 4.94, I[2]=0%), random plasma glucose in subjects with type 1 diabetes (MD 20.38 mg/dL, 95% CI 7.39 to 33.36, I[2]=0%), haemoglobin A1C in subjects with type 2 diabetes (0.21%, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.38, I[2]=13%), creatinine (0.12 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.19, I[2]=0%), C reactive protein (38.30 mg/L, 95% CI 4.79 to 71.82, I[2]=82%) and D-dimer (1.52 µg/mL, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.31, I[2]=0%). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of ICU admission and DKA, hospitalisation length, haemoglobin, leucocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet, blood urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate, procalcitonin, albumin, ferritin and bilirubin among PLWD with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection.

CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with elevated risks of mortality and acute kidney injury and poor glycaemic control in PLWD, alongside increased levels of inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers. These findings underscore the urgent need for tailored clinical management strategies for PLWD with COVID-19.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023418039.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/mortality/complications/blood
*Diabetes Complications/blood/mortality
*SARS-CoV-2
Diabetic Ketoacidosis/mortality/blood
Diabetes Mellitus/blood
Acute Kidney Injury/mortality/blood/etiology
Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40147222,
year = {2025},
author = {Yu, F and Raphael, D and Mackay, L and Smith, M and Fernandez, R},
title = {Personal and work-related factors associated with nurse resilience: An updated systematic review using meta-analysis and narrative synthesis.},
journal = {International journal of nursing studies},
volume = {166},
number = {},
pages = {105054},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.105054},
pmid = {40147222},
issn = {1873-491X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nursing shortages and increased workforce turnover have significantly increased nurses' workloads, thus increasing the risk of burnout and stress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic review published in 2019 suggested that resilience could act as a buffer to adversity; however, the factors associated with resilience during and after this global pandemic have not been identified.

OBJECTIVES: To identify personal and work-related factors associated with nurse resilience, including the period during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

DESIGN: Systematic review.

DATA SOURCES: The search was conducted between January and February 2024 in the following databases: CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Scopus, using the key terms 'resilience', 'hardiness', 'work', 'employ', 'occupation', 'job', and 'nursing'.

REVIEW METHODS: Quantitative studies with English full text, published between 2018 and 2024, were selected if they assessed resilience and its associated factors among nurses providing direct patient care. Two authors independently completed the data selection process. Studies with quality assessment grades of 3 or above were included for final analysis. A meta-analysis was utilised for the mean resilience levels from studies using the same measures of resilience, and a narrative synthesis was performed for the demographic and work-related factors.

RESULTS: Fifty-nine cross-sectional studies with a quality assessment score of 3 or above were included. Forty-seven studies were included in a meta-analysis, which reported an estimated mean resilience level of 20.69 using a random-effects model (95 % CI [18.53, 22.85], z = 18.79, p < 0.0001, I[2] = 95.1 %). Twenty studies with the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)-25 and five with the CD-RISC-10 were meta-analysed for the mean resilience levels of 62.85 (95 % CI: [55.60, 70.10], z = 16.97, p < 0.0001, I[2] = 31.70 %) and 26.34 (95 % CI: [20.85, 31.83], p < 0.0001, I[2] = 0 %), respectively. A low mean resilience level was identified. Sixteen demographic factors were identified as associated with resilience. Twenty job demand factors negatively associated with resilience were determined and categorised into exhaustion, psychological factors, and work challenges. Thirty-two job resource factors positively related to resilience were identified and classified into the following categories: psychological factors, leadership, work performance, well-being and quality of life, and social and organisational support.

CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the job demand and resource factors can help organisations minimise the risks and develop institutional strategies to protect nurses from the negative impact of COVID-19 or future pandemics on nurses' well-being.},
}

@article {pmid40146886,
year = {2025},
author = {Kheirollahpour, M and Shokoufi, N and Lotfi, M},
title = {The Potential of Optical Technologies in Early Virus Detection; Prospects in Addressing Future Viral Outbreaks.},
journal = {Critical reviews in analytical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-29},
doi = {10.1080/10408347.2025.2481406},
pmid = {40146886},
issn = {1547-6510},
abstract = {The urgent need for sensitive, rapid, and reliable diagnostic methodologies to control and prevent life-threatening pandemic infectious disease, such as COVID-19, remains a critical priority. Timely and on-site detection of viral pathogens is essential for effective disease management and mitigation of societal disruptions. Recent advancements in optical diagnostic methods have positioned them at the forefront of healthcare diagnostics, offering high sensitivity and specificity as viable alternatives to conventional techniques such as the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), which often suffer from time delays and limited accessibility in resource-constrained environments. This review elucidates the potential of various optical diagnostic techniques, highlighting their advantages over traditional methods. It encompasses a range of optical modalities, including fluorescence-based approaches, Raman spectroscopy (RS), Plasmonic techniques (e.g., surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized SPR, (LSPR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF)), super resolution microscopies (SRMs), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and integrated platforms such as waveguides and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based biosensors. Additionally, the evolution of novel biosensors, particularly 5th and 6th generation biosensors, in healthcare and the challenges related to these technologies were discussed. This studies reviewed aims to advance the development of portable, sensitive, specific, and cost-effective point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices for the rapid detection of viral pathogens.},
}

@article {pmid40146339,
year = {2025},
author = {Burbank, AJ},
title = {Climate Change and the Future of Allergies and Asthma.},
journal = {Current allergy and asthma reports},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {20},
pmid = {40146339},
issn = {1534-6315},
mesh = {Humans ; *Climate Change ; *Asthma/epidemiology/immunology/etiology ; *Air Pollution/adverse effects ; *Hypersensitivity/epidemiology/immunology ; Allergens/immunology ; COVID-19/immunology/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Pollen/immunology ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW: Climate change affects global temperature, meteorological variables, plant aerobiology, air pollution exposure and a host of other factors that individually have been implicated in the inception and/or exacerbation of allergic disease like asthma and allergic rhinitis. It is unknown how climate change will impact allergic disease prevalence and morbidity in the future.

RECENT FINDINGS: Pollen seasons are lengthening with variable effects on pollen peak concentrations and allergenicity. Air pollution exposure is linked with enhance susceptibility to allergic inflammation induced by pollen and with enhanced susceptibility to infection with a morbidity/mortality from respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The available literature largely supports the association between climate change and three of the most salient factors for allergic respiratory disease prevalence and morbidity: changes in allergen exposure, pollution exposure, and viral respiratory infection. More research is needed to understand the complex interactions between these factors and individual-level variables that influence disease susceptibility.},
}

Humans
*Climate Change
*Asthma/epidemiology/immunology/etiology
*Air Pollution/adverse effects
*Hypersensitivity/epidemiology/immunology
Allergens/immunology
COVID-19/immunology/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Pollen/immunology
Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
Prevalence

@article {pmid40145666,
year = {2025},
author = {Locke, AR and Koehne, NH and Yendluri, A and Laurore, C and Obana, KK and Tiao, J and Saltzman, BM and Trofa, DP and Li, X and Parisien, RL},
title = {Sex- and Age-Specific Review of Flag Football Injuries in the United States: A 10-Year Analysis of National Injury Data.},
journal = {Sports health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {19417381251326575},
doi = {10.1177/19417381251326575},
pmid = {40145666},
issn = {1941-0921},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Flag football is a rapidly growing sport with injuries frequently presenting to emergency departments (EDs). Current literature on flag football lacks mechanisms of injury and any information pertaining to female athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine demographic-specific injury trends in those playing flag football.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried for flag football injuries presenting to United States EDs from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022. Patient demographics, injury site, diagnosis, and disposition were recorded. NEISS narratives were used to identify mechanisms of injury. National estimates (NEs) were calculated using the NEISS statistical sample weight. Annual injury trends were evaluated by linear regression.

STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3.

RESULTS: There were 2508 flag football injuries (NE, 86,443) analyzed from 2013 to 2022; 78.2% were sustained by male athletes. Linear regression analysis revealed no significant trend in annual injuries (P = 0.16) from 2013 to 2022. The most common mechanism of injury was player-player collision (35.7%). The 2 age groups most affected by flag football injuries were middle school-aged (11-13 years) (20.8%) and high school-aged (14-18 years) (23.7%). The area of the body most affected for pediatric (<18 years) groups was the head, while adults most frequently injured their fingers. In addition, the most common mechanism for the pediatric age group was fracture (21.3%), whereas adult age groups most frequently suffered from strain/sprain injuries.

CONCLUSION: The number of injuries from flag football identified in this study has not decreased throughout the last decade, aside from 2020 - potentially due to the prevalence of COVID-19. Collisions were the most frequent mechanism of injury across all age groups. Whereas younger athletes frequently sustained head injuries and fractures, older athletes typically sustained strain/sprain injuries and finger injuries.},
}

@article {pmid40145658,
year = {2025},
author = {Maglio, C and Williams, M and Camponeschi, A},
title = {Biology wet lab e-learning during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: A review of student learning and experiences.},
journal = {Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bmb.21897},
pmid = {40145658},
issn = {1539-3429},
support = {SGI-2018-0510//Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-årsfond/ ; FAI-2019-0618//Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-årsfond/ ; FAI-2020-0706//Stiftelsen Konung Gustaf V:s 80-årsfond/ ; //Rune och Ulla Amlövs Stiftelse för Neurologisk och Reumatologisk Forskning/ ; FB21-104//Stiftelsen Assar Gabrielssons Fond/ ; S20-0109//Svenska Sällskapet för Medicinsk Forskning/ ; //Adlerbertska Research Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic began as a health crisis and quickly turned into an economic, social, and political crisis. It revealed the vulnerability of education systems to external changes and risks and challenged institutions and educators to transform and adapt at short notice. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, one of the natural consequences was the unprecedented rise in online education. The transition from the in-person teaching format to e-learning exposed teachers and students to significant challenges. In the biomedical field, e-learning forced teachers to rethink hands-on wet lab teaching into a hands-off virtual one; this digital transformation has continued in the post-pandemic period and has resulted in the emergence of hybrid models trying to harmonize the benefits of e-learning with those of in-person teaching. In this narrative review, we analyzed articles published between 2020 and 2024 focusing on the teaching of molecular and cellular biology laboratory through online or blended learning formats. We focused on the impact that pedagogical innovation in laboratory e-learning has had on student perceptions, experience, and outcomes. We have extracted five major themes that should be considered by educators involved in course design to enhance the benefits of exposing students to learning in a virtual lab: (1) the varying effectiveness of laboratory e-learning, (2) the potential for online labs to foster self-efficacy and confidence, (3) the reduced opportunities for social interaction in virtual settings, (4) students' perspectives on virtual, blended, and in-person lab work, and (5) the importance of addressing student inequities in digital access.},
}

@article {pmid40145441,
year = {2025},
author = {Tang, X and Lu, L and Li, X and Huang, P},
title = {Bridging Cancer and COVID-19: The Complex Interplay of ACE2 and TMPRSS2.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {e70829},
doi = {10.1002/cam4.70829},
pmid = {40145441},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {82202928//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 20232BAB206111//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism ; *Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism/genetics ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism/genetics ; *Neoplasms/metabolism/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Virus Internalization ; Tumor Microenvironment ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents heightened risks for cancer patients, who are more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe outcomes due to immunosuppression from both the malignancy and anticancer therapies. This review investigates the dual roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in SARS-CoV-2 infection among cancer patients. ACE2, the vital entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is overexpressed in certain tumors such as colon adenocarcinoma, renal carcinomas, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma, potentially increasing viral susceptibility. Paradoxically, ACE2 also exhibits tumor-suppressive properties by inhibiting angiogenesis and modulating the tumor microenvironment, leading to improved patient prognoses in some cancers like breast cancer. TMPRSS2, essential for viral entry, shows decreased expression in several tumors but acts as a prognostic biomarker in prostate and lung cancers. This review illustrates the complexity of therapeutically targeting ACE2 and TMPRSS2 due to their contrasting roles in cancer progression and viral entry. We analyze the expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in relation to immune cell infiltration and patient outcomes, and propose personalized therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, we underscore the necessity for multidisciplinary approaches, integrating antiviral treatments with cancer therapies and tailoring interventions based on individual molecular profiles. This approach to personalized medicine seeks to enhance treatment results and better manage cancer patients who have contracted SARS-CoV-2.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/metabolism
*Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism/genetics
*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism/genetics
*Neoplasms/metabolism/virology
*SARS-CoV-2/physiology
Virus Internalization
Tumor Microenvironment

@article {pmid40145329,
year = {2025},
author = {Ruthirakuhan, M and Guan, DX and Mortby, M and Gatchel, J and Babulal, GM},
title = {Updates and future perspectives on neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.},
journal = {Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {e70079},
doi = {10.1002/alz.70079},
pmid = {40145329},
issn = {1552-5279},
mesh = {Humans ; *Alzheimer Disease ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Quality of Life ; },
abstract = {Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common throughout the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum and profoundly affect patients, caregivers, and health-care systems. This review synthesizes key research presented in the 2022 and 2023 Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment Neuropsychiatric Syndromes-Professional Interest Area (NPS-PIA) Year-In-Reviews, emphasizing six critical areas: (1) diversity and disparities, (2) diagnostic frameworks, (3) neurobiology of NPS, (4) NPS as a disease marker, (5) the impact of COVID-19, and (6) interventions. NPS accelerates AD progression, increases functional decline, diminishes quality of life, and heightens caregiver burden and institutionalization rates. Current treatments primarily rely on psychotropics, which offer limited efficacy and raise safety concerns. This review aims to inform clinicians and researchers about recent NPS advancements while identifying gaps for future studies to improve outcomes for individuals with AD. HIGHLIGHTS: Research in Alzheimer's disease-related neuropsychiatric symptoms has rapidly increased, indicating heightened interest. Key areas include: diversity, diagnostics, markers, COVID-19 impact, and treatments. A road map for future studies, based on the key areas of research, is provided. This road map includes considerations to improve study applicability and validity.},
}

Humans
*Alzheimer Disease
*COVID-19/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Quality of Life

@article {pmid40139711,
year = {2025},
author = {Mulla, RT and Hirdes, JP and Kroetsch, B and McAiney, C and Heckman, GA},
title = {Consequences of loneliness/isolation and visitation restrictions on the mood of long-term care residents without severe dementia pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19: a scoping review.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {e090522},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2024-090522},
pmid = {40139711},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Loneliness/psychology ; *Long-Term Care ; *Social Isolation/psychology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Depression/epidemiology/psychology ; Affect ; Aged ; Dementia/psychology ; Pandemics ; Nursing Homes ; Mental Health ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mental health disorders are common among residents of long-term care (LTC). Despite depression being the most common type of mental illness, it is often undiagnosed in LTC. Due to its prevalence, chronicity and associated morbidity, depression poses a considerable service use burden. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought needed attention to the mental health challenges faced by older adults in LTC.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the effects of isolation on the mood of LTC residents and compare between both the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods.

DESIGN: A scoping review.

METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and medRxiv were searched for studies that met the eligibility criteria: (1) articles assessing mood or mental health status of LTC residents; (2) mood disturbance resulting from visitation restrictions/isolation or loneliness; (3) residents were without severe dementia or moderate/severe cognitive impairment and (4) studies were available in English. Studies were excluded if their entire sample was residents with severe cognitive impairment or severe dementia. A total of 31 studies were included in this review. The total number of articles retrieved from the databases searched was 3652 articles, of which 409 duplicates were removed. 3242 article titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility, of which 3063 were excluded. The remaining 180 full-text studies were reviewed for eligibility, where an additional 149 studies were excluded. Data were then extracted from all full-length pieces for analysis, and findings were summarised.

RESULTS: The review identified contradictory views with a diversity of findings highlighting the complexity of factors influencing residents' mood during a global health crisis such as that of COVID-19. Studies highlighted the importance of quality interactions with others for the well-being of LTC residents. Significant correlations were found between social isolation, loneliness and depression. During COVID-19, visitation restrictions led to increased loneliness, depression and mood problems, especially among residents without cognitive impairment. However, some studies reported no significant adverse effects or even a decrease in depression symptoms during COVID-19 restrictions, possibly due to implemented strategies to maintain social engagement.

CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on LTC homes, influencing the physical and mental well-being of residents. This highlighted pre-existing challenges in the LTC system, emphasising the importance of comprehensive strategies to safeguard resident mental health. It is important to combine measures to ensure both physical safety and mental well-being.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
*Loneliness/psychology
*Long-Term Care
*Social Isolation/psychology
*SARS-CoV-2
Depression/epidemiology/psychology
Affect
Aged
Dementia/psychology
Pandemics
Nursing Homes
Mental Health

@article {pmid40139702,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, L and Zhang, Y and Li, X and Zou, X and Bing, P and Qi, M and He, B},
title = {Vitamin D supplementation for managing COVID-19 in patients with vitamin D deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {e091903},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091903},
pmid = {40139702},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy/complications ; *Vitamin D/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *Dietary Supplements ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/therapy ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Respiration, Artificial ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the population. Previous studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation might be useful for treating COVID-19 infection. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to explore vitamin D supplementation efficacy in treating COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency.

DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials exploring vitamin D supplementation for patients with COVID-19 and vitamin D deficiency.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent reviewers employed standardised methods to search, screen and code the included studies. The primary outcomes included mortality during follow-up, 28-day mortality, need for mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit (ICU). The secondary outcome included length of stay in hospital and ICU. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool. Depending on the level of heterogeneity, either a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model was applied. The findings were summarised using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence profiles and synthesised qualitatively.

RESULTS: A total of nine studies, comprising 870 participants, were included in the analysis. The pooled results indicated that vitamin D supplementation was associated with a lower risk of mortality (risk ratio 0.76; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.97). However, this apparent benefit was not robust when examined through the leave-one-out method and trial sequential analysis. Regarding other outcomes, there was no statistically significant difference between vitamin D supplementation and no supplementation in terms of 28-day mortality, the need for mechanical ventilation and ICU admission. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with a 0.41 day shorter length of stay in the ICU (mean difference -0.41; 95% CI -1.09 to 0.28) and a 0.07 day shorter length of stay in the hospital (mean difference -0.07; 95% CI -0.61 to 0.46) compared with no supplementation; however, neither difference was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Based on evidence of low to moderate quality, vitamin D supplementation reduced the mortality rate during follow-up in COVID-19 patients with vitamin D deficiency. However, it did not improve 28-day mortality, nor did it reduce the need for mechanical ventilation and ICU admission, or the length of stay in the ICU and hospital.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024573791.},
}

Humans
*Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy/complications
*Vitamin D/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*Dietary Supplements
*Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
*COVID-19/mortality/complications/therapy
*SARS-CoV-2
*Respiration, Artificial
Vitamins/therapeutic use
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Intensive Care Units
Length of Stay

@article {pmid40139334,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, H and Liu, Z and Li, Y},
title = {Intestinal Microbiota and Respiratory System Diseases: Relationships with Three Common Respiratory Virus Infections.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107500},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107500},
pmid = {40139334},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {In recent years, the role of the intestinal microbiota in regulating host health and immune balance has attracted widespread attention. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the close relationship between the intestinal microbiota and respiratory system diseases, with a focus on three common respiratory virus infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and influenza virus. The research indicates that during RSV infection, there is a significant decrease in intestinal microbial diversity, suggesting the impact of the virus on the intestinal ecosystem. In SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are evident alterations in the intestinal microbiota, which are positively correlated with the severity of the disease. Similarly, influenza virus infection is associated with dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, and studies have shown that the application of specific probiotics exhibits beneficial effects against influenza virus infection. Further research indicates that the intestinal microbiota exerts a wide and profound impact on the occurrence and development of respiratory system diseases through various mechanisms, including modulation of the immune system and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This article comprehensively analyzes these research advances, providing new perspectives and potential strategies for the prevention and treatment of future respiratory system diseases. This study not only deepens our understanding of the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and respiratory system diseases but also offers valuable insights for further exploring the role of host-microbiota interactions in the development of diseases.},
}

@article {pmid40139096,
year = {2025},
author = {Sarvepalli, S and Vadarevu, S},
title = {Non-antiviral therapies for viral infections: Harnessing host mechanisms.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {153},
number = {},
pages = {114521},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114521},
pmid = {40139096},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {Despite advancements in the field of directly acting anti-viral (DAA) therapies, viral infections still continue to pose significant global health challenges. The efficacy of DAAs are often hindered by mutations, origin of new strains, development of resistance and lack of broad spectrum effectiveness. Furthermore, patients with advanced-stage diseases may require higher doses and combinations of different DAA therapies, raising concerns about tolerability and safety. To overcome all these constraints, non-antiviral therapies that focuses on host mechanisms (also known as host-focused therapies) are emerging as an innovative approach. Host focused therapy aims to target the host molecules and pathways that are essential for viral infection and disease progression. Along with addressing the above mentioned challenges, these host focused therapies can also modulate excessive inflammatory responses. Recent advancements in understanding host-virus interactions and the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of severe viral infections from viral entry and replication to disease progression, have accelerated the development of host-focused therapies aimed at combating these infections. This review explores the growing rationale and various opportunities for host-focused therapies for severe viral infections including zika virus, dengue, HIV, influenza, and covid-19 to name a few. In addition, current clinical trial information on various classes of host focused therapies are presented, highlighting their therapeutic potential and significance in the field.},
}

@article {pmid40139071,
year = {2025},
author = {Ishigaki, H and Itoh, Y},
title = {Translational research on pandemic virus infection using nonhuman primate models.},
journal = {Virology},
volume = {606},
number = {},
pages = {110511},
doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2025.110511},
pmid = {40139071},
issn = {1096-0341},
abstract = {After the COVID-19 pandemic, nonhuman primate (NHP) models, which are necessary for the rapid development of vaccines and new medical therapies, have become important in studies on infectious diseases because of their genetic, metabolic, and immunological similarities to humans. Our group has long been using NHP models in studies on infectious diseases including H1N1 influenza pandemic and COVID-19. Despite limitations such as the limited number of animals and the husbandry requirements, NHP models have contributed to the prediction of the pathogenicity of emerging viruses and the evaluation of the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics due to the similarity of NHP models to humans before starting clinical trials to select good candidates of vaccines and drugs. In this review, the findings obtained in NHP infectious disease models of influenza and COVID-19 are summarized to clarify the benefits of NHP models for studies on infectious diseases. We believe that this review will support future research in exploring new perspectives for the development of vaccines and therapies targeting influenza, COVID-19, and infectious diseases in future pandemics.},
}

@article {pmid40138520,
year = {2025},
author = {Khan, HR and Sultan, R and Javeed, M and Yasmeen, H and Arooj, I and Janiad, S},
title = {Functional foods and immune system: A sustainable inhibitory approach against SARS-COV-2.},
journal = {Antiviral therapy},
volume = {30},
number = {2},
pages = {13596535251322297},
doi = {10.1177/13596535251322297},
pmid = {40138520},
issn = {2040-2058},
mesh = {Humans ; *Functional Food ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Immune System/immunology ; },
abstract = {Background: COVID-19 has become the center of attention since its outbreak in December 2019. Despite the discovery of its preventive vaccine, role of healthy immune system is undebatable. Functional foods are continuously hunted as a promising option for a safe natural therapeutic treatment.Purpose: This review demonstrates how functional foods can boost host immune system, promote antiviral operation, and synthesize biologically effective molecules against SARS-COV-2.Research Methodology: For current review, online search was conducted for nature-based functional immune boosters against SARS-COV-2.Conclusion: Functional foods, alongside a healthy lifestyle, fortifies the human immune system and could all help to dramatically lower the cost burden of COVID-19, the suffering of the patients, and the mortality rates worldwide.},
}

Humans
*Functional Food
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
Immune System/immunology

@article {pmid40138101,
year = {2025},
author = {Eghbalifard, N and Nouri, N and Rouzbahani, S and Bakhshi, M and Ghasemi Kahrizsangi, N and Golafshan, F and Abbasi, F},
title = {Hypoxia signaling in cancer: HIF-1α stimulated by COVID-19 can lead to cancer progression and chemo-resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {399},
pmid = {40138101},
issn = {2730-6011},
abstract = {The potential implications of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development, chemo-resistance, tumor recurrence, and patient outcomes are explored, emphasizing the urgent need for tailored therapeutic strategies to mitigate these risks. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in OSCC studies has highlighted HIF-1α as a crucial prognostic marker in OSCC, with implications for disease prognosis and patient survival. Its overexpression has been linked to aggressive subtypes in early OSCC stages, indicating its significance as an early biomarker for disease progression. Moreover, dysplastic lesions with heightened HIF-1α expression exhibit a greater propensity for malignant transformation, underscoring its role in early oral carcinogenesis. Cancer patients, including those with OSCC, face an elevated risk of severe COVID-19 complications, which may further impact cancer progression and treatment outcomes. Understanding the interplay between COVID-19 infection, HIF-1α activation, and OSCC pathogenesis is crucial for enhancing clinical management strategies. So, insights from this review shed light on the significance of HIF-1α in OSCC tumorigenesis, metastasis formation, and patient prognosis. The review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the precise mechanisms through which HIF-1α modulates cancer progression and chemo-resistance in the context of COVID-19 infection. Such knowledge is essential for developing targeted therapeutic interventions to improve outcomes for OSCC patients.},
}

@article {pmid40137834,
year = {2025},
author = {Farias, LABG and Weyne, LS and Landim, LS and de Holanda, PEL and Santos, ADS and Cavalcanti, LPG and Costa, LB and Dantas de Melo, AGN and Medeiros, MS and Girão, ES and Coelho, TMS and Perdigão Neto, LV},
title = {Alterations and Dynamics of Major Meningitis Etiological Agents During and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Tropical medicine and infectious disease},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/tropicalmed10030081},
pmid = {40137834},
issn = {2414-6366},
abstract = {The transmission dynamics of many pathogens were altered during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several factors, including control measures and social distancing, have influenced the circulation and epidemiology of major etiological agents of meningitis during this period. This review examined trends in the primary etiologic agents of meningitis during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, and SciELO databases for studies published between 2020 and 2024. The data were summarized descriptively and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Thirty-eight studies are included in this review. Bacterial and viral meningitis pathogens exhibited significant epidemiological shifts during the pandemic. A marked decline in infections caused by the enteroviruses, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae was observed from 2020 to 2021 in the northern and southern hemispheres during the pandemic. Post-pandemic, meningitis cases increased, with a resurgence in various countries. Despite the heterogeneity of the studies, the evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the epidemiology of meningitis-causing microorganisms during and after the pandemic. Understanding these epidemiological shifts and dynamics is crucial for defining the control measures, vaccination strategies, and public health policies in the post-COVID-19 era.},
}

@article {pmid40137827,
year = {2025},
author = {Jani, CT and Mouchati, C and Abdallah, N and Jani, R and Kakoullis, L and Chen, LH},
title = {Do Statins Affect Viral Infections Encountered by International Travelers?.},
journal = {Tropical medicine and infectious disease},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/tropicalmed10030073},
pmid = {40137827},
issn = {2414-6366},
abstract = {Statins are among the most frequently prescribed medications. In addition to their well-established effectiveness in lowering total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, statins have been described to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and have been associated with improved endothelial functions. Given the common use of statins, we sought to evaluate the effect of statins on some viral infections encountered by residents in tropical areas or by international travelers. A literature search was performed in PubMED/MEDLINE focusing on keywords that included statins and the viruses of interest, including SARS-CoV-2, influenza, yellow fever, dengue, Zika, tick-borne encephalitis, hemorrhagic fever viruses, hepatitis A, norovirus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, measles, and herpesviruses; findings were synthesized for each virus into a summary. The effects of statins on viral infections vary depending on the specific virus. While some studies indicate potential benefits in chronic HBV and HCV infections, evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 and influenza remains inconclusive due to mixed findings from observational studies and randomized controlled trials. The role of statins in other viral infections is largely unexplored, with preclinical data available for only a few viruses. Given the conflicting evidence, further prospective studies and randomized controlled trials are warranted to elucidate statins' role in viral infections, particularly in modulating inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and immune responses. Future research should aim to define the optimal patient populations, target viruses, statin types, and treatment durations that may confer benefits in specific viral infections.},
}

@article {pmid40137747,
year = {2025},
author = {Contes, KM and Liu, BM},
title = {Epidemiology, Clinical Significance, and Diagnosis of Respiratory Viruses and Their Co-Infections in the Post-COVID Era.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens14030262},
pmid = {40137747},
issn = {2076-0817},
support = {P30AI117970//DC CFAR/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Coinfection/epidemiology/diagnosis/virology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/virology/diagnosis ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Clinical Relevance ; },
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel human coronavirus, emerged in late 2019 and rapidly evolved into a pandemic around the world. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically changed the epidemiology and seasonality of other traditional respiratory viruses, e.g., influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, enterovirus, etc. These traditional respiratory viruses have transmission mode and clinical symptoms similar to SARS-CoV-2 but may differ in clinical outcomes and management. Co-infection between SARS-CoV-2 and one or more traditional respiratory viruses have been reported in the literature but have shown mixed evidence in clinical outcomes. With SARS-CoV-2 evolving into mild Omicron variants, it is believed that SARS-CoV-2 co-circulates with other respiratory viruses, which in turn affect the epidemiology and clinical course of respiratory viral infections. In response to these changes, multiplex molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2 and one or more traditional respiratory viruses are attracting more attention in the field and have been developed into a variety of testing modalities. In this review, we describe the seasonality (i.e., in the Northern Hemisphere), epidemiology, and clinical significance of traditional respiratory viruses and their co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the post-COVID era. Furthermore, we review commonly used multiplex molecular tests and their applications for the detection of respiratory viruses and their co-infections. Altogether, this review not only sheds light on the epidemiology and clinical significance of respiratory viral infections and co-infections in the post-COVID era, and but also provides insights into the laboratory-based diagnoses of respiratory viral infections using multiplex molecular testing.},
}

Humans
*Coinfection/epidemiology/diagnosis/virology
*COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnosis
*Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/virology/diagnosis
*SARS-CoV-2
Clinical Relevance

@article {pmid40013505,
year = {2025},
author = {Simniceanu, A and Satta, G},
title = {Infection prevention and control of epidemic-prone acute respiratory infections in healthcare setting.},
journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {230-236},
doi = {10.1097/MCP.0000000000001158},
pmid = {40013505},
issn = {1531-6971},
mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control/epidemiology/virology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *Infection Control/organization & administration/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Acute Disease ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The recent COVID-19 pandemic sparked discussions and highlighted significant gaps on the most appropriate infection prevention and control (IPC) measures when dealing with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the existing international and national guidelines on the IPC measures to control epidemic and pandemic-prone ARIs in healthcare settings.

RECENT FINDINGS: The WHO has recently produced a report proposing an updated terminology for respiratory pathogens. One of the key outcomes of this consultation was the adoption of the term 'infectious respiratory particles' (IRPs). According to the report, IRPs are defined as infectious particles that can be expired from an infected person through activities like breathing, talking, singing, coughing, sneezing, or even spitting. Most notably, there is no longer the clear and traditional distinction between droplet and aerosol based on the cut-off of particle size, but rather a continuum of particle sizes of IRPs.

SUMMARY: Among other recommendations, all international guidelines place emphasis on the use of standard and transmission-based precautions when dealing with respiratory viruses. It is important to assess how the new proposed terminology for respiratory pathogens may affect the current existing IPC measures.},
}

Humans
*Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control/epidemiology/virology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
*Infection Control/organization & administration/methods
SARS-CoV-2
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Acute Disease

@article {pmid39917810,
year = {2025},
author = {Lui, GCY and Lai, CKC},
title = {Community acquired pneumonia due to antibiotic resistant- Streptococcus pneumoniae : diagnosis, management and prevention.},
journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {211-217},
pmid = {39917810},
issn = {1531-6971},
mesh = {Humans ; *Community-Acquired Infections/prevention & control/drug therapy/microbiology/diagnosis ; *Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification/drug effects ; *Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control/diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; *Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: A resurgence of pneumococcal pneumonia has been observed after a marked reduction in the early COVID-19 pandemic. Penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae is regarded as a WHO priority pathogen.

RECENT FINDINGS: Overall antibiotic resistance rates in S. pneumoniae have increased due to increase in antibiotic consumption and changes in serotype distribution, partly driven by the rollout of pneumococcal vaccination. Isolates from pneumococcal pneumonia have higher resistance rates than those from invasive pneumococcal disease. New antibiotics have been approved for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, and are active against multidrug-resistant S. pneumoniae . Pneumococcal vaccines in both children and adults are effective in reducing the burden of pneumococcal pneumonia in adults, though some circulating vaccine and nonvaccine serotypes are driving antibiotic resistance.

SUMMARY: Continual surveillance of serotype and resistance patterns of S. pneumoniae causing pneumonia in adult populations is important after the introduction of new pneumococcal vaccines. Novel pneumococcal vaccine platforms are needed to overcome the threats of serotype replacement and antibiotic resistance.},
}

Humans
*Community-Acquired Infections/prevention & control/drug therapy/microbiology/diagnosis
*Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purification/drug effects
*Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control/diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology
*Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
COVID-19/prevention & control
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial

@article {pmid39902608,
year = {2025},
author = {Tcheroyan, R and Makhoul, P and Simpson, S},
title = {An updated review of pulmonary radiological features of acute and chronic COVID-19.},
journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {183-195},
doi = {10.1097/MCP.0000000000001152},
pmid = {39902608},
issn = {1531-6971},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/diagnostic imaging ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Chronic Disease ; Acute Disease ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnostic imaging ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the acute and chronic clinical and radiological manifestations of coronavirus-19 (COVID-19). This article provides an updated review on pulmonary COVID-19, while highlighting the key imaging features that can identify and distinguish acute COVID-19 pneumonia and its chronic sequelae from other diseases.

RECENT FINDINGS: Acute COVID-19 pneumonia typically presents with manifestations of organizing pneumonia on computed tomography (CT). In cases of severe disease, patients clinically progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, which manifests as diffuse alveolar damage on CT. The most common chronic imaging finding is ground-glass opacities, which commonly resolves, as well as subpleural bands and reticulation. Pulmonary fibrosis is an overall rare complication of COVID-19, with characteristic features, including architectural distortion, and traction bronchiectasis.

SUMMARY: Chest CT can be a helpful adjunct tool in both diagnosing and managing acute COVID-19 pneumonia and its chronic sequelae. It can identify high-risk cases and guide decision-making, particularly in cases of severe or complicated disease. Follow-up imaging can detect persistent lung abnormalities associated with long COVID and guide appropriate management.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/diagnostic imaging
*Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
*SARS-CoV-2
*Lung/diagnostic imaging
Chronic Disease
Acute Disease
Pulmonary Fibrosis/diagnostic imaging

@article {pmid39808306,
year = {2025},
author = {Therre, M and Tokcan, M and Markwirth, P and Böhm, M},
title = {[Vaccination and cardiovascular diseases].},
journal = {Herz},
volume = {50},
number = {2},
pages = {149-158},
pmid = {39808306},
issn = {1615-6692},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Vaccination ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control ; Aged ; },
abstract = {Respiratory tract infections with influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and respiratory syncytial (RS) viruses and pneumococci as well as endogenous reactivation of varicella zoster viruses presenting as herpes zoster, are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, such as myocardial infarction or hospitalization for heart failure. Effective prevention of these events, particularly through influenza and pneumococcal vaccination, is well established and cost-effective. Despite guideline recommendations to vaccinate older patients and people at risk, vaccination rates in these population groups remain suboptimal and below average in international comparison. This article sheds light on the association of vaccine preventable diseases with cardiovascular complications and demonstrates the protective effect of the respective vaccinations. Additionally, recommendations on the practical approach to vaccinating high-risk patients are given.},
}

Humans
*Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control
Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
Vaccination
COVID-19/prevention & control
Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control
Aged

@article {pmid39658729,
year = {2025},
author = {Treadwell, JR and Wagner, J and Reston, JT and Phillips, T and Hedden-Gross, A and Tipton, KN},
title = {Treatments for Long COVID autonomic dysfunction: a scoping review.},
journal = {Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {5-29},
pmid = {39658729},
issn = {1619-1560},
support = {MSA-SOW#06-ECRI-ENG-10-02-2023/PCORI/Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; *Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy/physiopathology/therapy ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: For Long COVID autonomic dysfunction, we have summarized published evidence on treatment effectiveness, clinical practice guidelines, and unpublished/ongoing studies.

METHODS: We first interviewed 11 stakeholders (clinicians, clinician/researchers, payors, patient advocates) to gain clinical insights and identify key areas of focus. We searched Embase, CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases for relevant English-language articles published between 1 January 2020 and 30 April 2024. We also searched several other resources for additional relevant guidelines (e.g., UpToDate) and unpublished/ongoing studies (e.g., the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform). All information was summarized narratively.

RESULTS: We included 11 effectiveness studies that investigated numerous treatment regimens (fexofenadine + famotidine, maraviroc + pravastatin, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, nutraceutical formulations, multicomponent treatments, heart rate variability biofeedback, inspiratory muscle training, or stellate ganglion block). One randomized trial reported benefits of a nutraceutical (SIM01) on fatigue and gastrointestinal upset. The 11 guidelines and position statements addressed numerous aspects of treatment, but primarily exercise/rehabilitation, fluid/salt intake, and the use of compression garments. The 15 unpublished/ongoing studies are testing nine different interventions, most prominently ivabradine and intravenous immunoglobulin.

CONCLUSION: Existing studies on the treatment of Long COVID autonomic dysfunction are often small and uncontrolled, making it unclear whether the observed pre-post changes were due solely to the administered treatments. Guidelines display some overlap, and we identified no direct contradictions. Unpublished/ongoing studies may shed light on this critical area of patient management.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
*Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy/physiopathology/therapy
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid40144969,
year = {2024},
author = {Usami, M},
title = {Materiality of evidence-based policy making for child and adolescent psychiatry in Japan.},
journal = {GHM open},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {54-58},
doi = {10.35772/ghmo.2023.01016},
pmid = {40144969},
issn = {2436-2956},
abstract = {The Japanese government established the Children and Family Agency in April 2023 and is trying to promote evidence-based policymaking (EBPM). However, the current state of child and adolescent psychiatry in Japan demonstrated some difficulties. School refusal and suicide problems are increasing after the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. These issues need to be addressed, thereby warranting various policies to be developed and implemented. Increasing the number of inpatient medical institutions and establishing a community-based data accumulation system that enables data and knowledge sharing among professionals is essential to improve child and adolescent psychiatric care. Furthermore, EBPM is needed to effectively develop a policy, and specialized experts are necessary to organize data and critically review evidence.},
}

@article {pmid40144393,
year = {2025},
author = {Haghmorad, D and Eslami, M and Orooji, N and Halabitska, I and Kamyshna, I and Kamyshnyi, O and Oksenych, V},
title = {mRNA vaccine platforms: linking infectious disease prevention and cancer immunotherapy.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1547025},
doi = {10.3389/fbioe.2025.1547025},
pmid = {40144393},
issn = {2296-4185},
abstract = {The advent of mRNA vaccines, accelerated by the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic, marks a transformative shift in vaccine technology. In this article, we discuss the development, current applications, and prospects of mRNA vaccines for both the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and oncology. By leveraging the capacity to encode antigens within host cells directly, mRNA vaccines provide a versatile and scalable platform suitable for addressing a broad spectrum of pathogens and tumor-specific antigens. We highlight recent advancements in mRNA vaccine design, innovative delivery mechanisms, and ongoing clinical trials, with particular emphasis on their efficacy in combating infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, Zika, and influenza, as well as their emerging potential in cancer immunotherapy. We also address critical challenges, including vaccine stability, optimization of immune responses, and the broader issue of global accessibility. Finally, we review potential strategies for advancing next-generation mRNA vaccines, with the aim of overcoming current limitations in vaccine technology and enhancing both preventive and therapeutic approaches for infectious and oncological diseases.},
}

@article {pmid40143592,
year = {2025},
author = {Goldschmidt, T and Bermpohl, F and Schreiter, S and van Bergen, AH and Kupka, RW and Schouler-Ocak, M and Gutwinski, S and Deutscher, K},
title = {Referral of Patients to Psychiatric Emergency Departments by Police: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {appips20240323},
doi = {10.1176/appi.ps.20240323},
pmid = {40143592},
issn = {1557-9700},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: A significant number of patients in psychiatric emergency departments (PEDs) are brought in by police. The authors sought to identify the weighted global rate of police referrals to PEDs, to compare the characteristics of police-referred patients with those of patients not referred by police, and to assess possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on referral rates.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching medical databases according to PRISMA guidelines. Multivariate and pairwise meta-regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS: Overall, 1,374 articles were screened, and 34 samples comprising 542,143 patients (61,647 of whom were referred by police) from 28 articles were included. On average, 13.7% of PED admissions were referred by police, a rate that was higher in the United States (22.8%). Compared with patients not referred by police, police-referred patients were significantly more likely to show aggressive behavior (relative risk [RR]=4.73), to be homeless (RR=1.84), and to have a diagnosis of a substance use (RR=1.33) or psychotic (RR=1.45) disorder but were less likely to have depressive (RR=0.31) or adjustment (RR=0.58) disorders. Police-referred patients were also more likely to be admitted to inpatient care (RR=1.35) and involuntarily (RR=4.38). The pandemic had no apparent effect on police-referral rates to PEDs.

CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of psychiatric patients is referred to PEDs by police. Police-referred patients had characteristics that were similar to those of incarcerated individuals with mental disorders. Early treatment may prevent later incarceration of police-referred PED patients. Interventions to reduce homelessness among psychiatric patients might help reduce police referrals to PEDs.},
}

@article {pmid40143545,
year = {2025},
author = {Żak, MM and Zangi, L},
title = {Clinical development of therapeutic mRNA applications.},
journal = {Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.03.034},
pmid = {40143545},
issn = {1525-0024},
abstract = {mRNA therapeutics are emerging as a transformative approach in modern medicine, providing innovative, highly adaptable solutions for a wide range of diseases, from viral infections to cancer. Since the approval of the first mRNA therapeutic-the COVID-19 vaccines in 2021-we have identified over 70 current clinical trials utilizing mRNA for various diseases. We propose classifying mRNA therapeutics into three main categories: vaccines, protein replacement therapies, and therapeutic antibodies. Each category can be further divided into subcategories. Vaccines include those targeting viral antigens, bacterial or parasitic antigens, general and individualized cancer antigens, and self-antigens. Protein replacement therapies include maintenance therapeutics designed to treat genetic disorders and interventional therapeutics, where delivering therapeutic proteins could improve patient outcomes, such as VEGF-A for ischemic heart disease or proinflammatory cytokines in cancer. Therapeutic antibodies are based on mRNA sequences encoding the heavy and light chains of clinically relevant antibodies, enabling patient cells to produce them directly, bypassing the costly and complex process of manufacturing protein-ready antibodies. Another category of mRNA-based therapeutics encompasses cell and gene therapies, including CRISPR with mRNA-mediated delivery of Cas9 and the in vivo generation of cells expressing CAR through mRNA. We discuss examples of mRNA therapeutics currently in clinical trials within each category, providing a comprehensive overview of the field's progress and highlighting key advancements as of the end of 2024.},
}

@article {pmid40143346,
year = {2025},
author = {Handa, T and Saha, A and Narayanan, A and Ronzier, E and Kumar, P and Singla, J and Tomar, S},
title = {Structural Virology: The Key Determinants in Development of Antiviral Therapeutics.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v17030417},
pmid = {40143346},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {STARS2/2023-0209//Scheme for Transformational and Advanced Research in Sciences (STARS), Ministry of Education (MoE), India/ ; },
mesh = {*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use ; Humans ; *Cryoelectron Microscopy ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Viruses/genetics/drug effects ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Virus Diseases/drug therapy/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/physiology ; },
abstract = {Structural virology has emerged as the foundation for the development of effective antiviral therapeutics. It is pivotal in providing crucial insights into the three-dimensional frame of viruses and viral proteins at atomic-level or near-atomic-level resolution. Structure-based assessment of viral components, including capsids, envelope proteins, replication machinery, and host interaction interfaces, is instrumental in unraveling the multiplex mechanisms of viral infection, replication, and pathogenesis. The structural elucidation of viral enzymes, including proteases, polymerases, and integrases, has been essential in combating viruses like HIV-1 and HIV-2, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza. Techniques including X-ray crystallography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, Cryo-electron Microscopy, and Cryo-electron Tomography have revolutionized the field of virology and significantly aided in the discovery of antiviral therapeutics. The ubiquity of chronic viral infections, along with the emergence and reemergence of new viral threats necessitate the development of novel antiviral strategies and agents, while the extensive structural diversity of viruses and their high mutation rates further underscore the critical need for structural analysis of viral proteins to aid antiviral development. This review highlights the significance of structure-based investigations for bridging the gap between structure and function, thus facilitating the development of effective antiviral therapeutics, vaccines, and antibodies for tackling emerging viral threats.},
}

*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/chemistry/therapeutic use
Humans
*Cryoelectron Microscopy
Viral Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
Viruses/genetics/drug effects
Crystallography, X-Ray
Virus Diseases/drug therapy/virology
SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/physiology

@article {pmid40143331,
year = {2025},
author = {Padurariu-Covit, MD and Andreescu, M and Niculet, E and Plesea-Condratovici, A and Arbune, M},
title = {Managing HIV-Associated Hodgkin Lymphoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Case Report and Literature Review.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v17030404},
pmid = {40143331},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hodgkin Disease/complications/diagnosis ; *COVID-19/complications ; Middle Aged ; *HIV Infections/complications ; Male ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Coinfection/virology ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic delayed the consultation of many patients with specialists. We present the case of a 57-year-old patient with HIV infection, COVID-19 pneumonia, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Discordant immunohistochemistry results from biopsy samples delayed the hematological diagnosis and initiation of oncological therapy. The late diagnosis of HIV infection at the stage of severe immunosuppression, along with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma and COVID-19 co-infection, represents a complex pathogenic triad that is challenging to manage. Healthcare-associated COVID-19 infections pose a significant risk during the pandemic for chronic patients requiring frequent hospital visits.},
}

Humans
*Hodgkin Disease/complications/diagnosis
*COVID-19/complications
Middle Aged
*HIV Infections/complications
Male
*SARS-CoV-2
Coinfection/virology

@article {pmid40143309,
year = {2025},
author = {Rajkhowa, S and Sonowal, J and Pegu, SR and Deb, R and Gupta, VK},
title = {Epidemiology and Emerging Trends of Zoonotic Viral Diseases of Pigs in India.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v17030381},
pmid = {40143309},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {Animals ; India/epidemiology ; Swine ; *Swine Diseases/epidemiology/virology ; *Virus Diseases/epidemiology/veterinary/virology ; Humans ; *Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology/transmission ; *Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology/transmission ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/virology/transmission/veterinary ; Viruses/classification/isolation & purification/genetics ; },
abstract = {Pigs serve as critical reservoirs and amplifiers for numerous zoonotic viral diseases, presenting substantial public health challenges in India. This study highlights the epidemiology and emerging trends of key zoonotic viruses associated with pigs, emphasizing their role in endemic and emerging disease dynamics. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) persists as a major concern, with pigs acting as amplifying host, while hepatitis E virus (HEV) remains a prominent cause of viral hepatitis, transmitted via contaminated water and pork products. Emerging high-fatality viral zoonoses caused by Nipah virus (NiV) and recurrent threats from swine influenza virus (SIV) demonstrate that the zoonotic landscape is evolving. Furthermore, zoonotic viruses like rotavirus, pseudorabies (ADV or SuHV-1), porcine astrovirus (PAstV), and Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) reflect the expanding diversity of pig-associated pathogens in India. Emerging evidence also implicates viruses such as Chandipura virus (CHPV) in localized outbreaks, indicating broader zoonotic potential. Novel risks such as swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 emphasize the role of pigs as potential intermediaries for pandemic-prone viruses. This comprehensive study evaluates the prevalence, outbreak dynamics, and public health implications of zoonotic viral diseases of pigs in India, providing valuable direction for developing effective control measures.},
}

Animals
India/epidemiology
Swine
*Swine Diseases/epidemiology/virology
*Virus Diseases/epidemiology/veterinary/virology
Humans
*Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology/transmission
*Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology/transmission
Communicable Diseases, Emerging/epidemiology/virology/transmission/veterinary
Viruses/classification/isolation & purification/genetics

@article {pmid40143281,
year = {2025},
author = {Fatima, M and An, T and Park, PG and Hong, KJ},
title = {Advancements and Challenges in Addressing Zoonotic Viral Infections with Epidemic and Pandemic Threats.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v17030352},
pmid = {40143281},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {23202MFDS144 & RS-2024-00331833//Ministry of Food and Drug Safety/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology/prevention & control ; *Pandemics/prevention & control ; COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission/virology ; Virus Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology/transmission ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Viral Vaccines/immunology ; },
abstract = {Zoonotic viruses have significant pandemic potential, as evidenced by the coronavirus pandemic, which underscores that zoonotic infections have historically caused numerous outbreaks and millions of deaths over centuries. Zoonotic viruses induce numerous types of illnesses in their natural hosts. These viruses are transmitted to humans via biological vectors, direct contact with infected animals or their bites, and aerosols. Zoonotic viruses continuously evolve and adapt to human hosts, resulting in devastating consequences. It is very important to understand pathogenesis pathways associated with zoonotic viral infections across various hosts and develop countermeasure strategies accordingly. In this review, we briefly discuss advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics for zoonotic viral infections. It provides insight into recent outbreaks, viral dynamics, licensed vaccines, as well as vaccine candidates progressing to clinical investigations. Despite advancements, challenges persist in combating zoonotic viruses due to immune evasion, unpredicted outbreaks, and the complexity of the immune responses. Most of these viruses lack effective treatments and vaccines, relying entirely on supportive care and preventive measures. Exposure to animal reservoirs, limited vaccine access, and insufficient coverage further pose challenges to preventive efforts. This review highlights the critical need for ongoing interdisciplinary research and collaboration to strengthen preparedness and response strategies against emerging infectious threats.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology/prevention & control
*Pandemics/prevention & control
COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control/transmission/virology
Virus Diseases/epidemiology/prevention & control
Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology/transmission
SARS-CoV-2
Viral Vaccines/immunology

@article {pmid40143277,
year = {2025},
author = {Svensson, L and Nordgren, J and Lundkvist, Å and Hagbom, M},
title = {Recent Advances in Nose and Lung Organoid Models for Respiratory Viral Research.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v17030349},
pmid = {40143277},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {L.S.,grant number: 2020-06116, and M.H., 2023-02720//Swedish Research council/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Organoids/virology ; *Lung/virology/cytology ; Animals ; *Nose/virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; Respiratory Mucosa/virology/cytology ; Virus Diseases/virology ; COVID-19/virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/physiology ; },
abstract = {Studies on human respiratory viral infections and pathogenesis have historically been conducted using immortalized cells and animal models. However, these models are limited in their ability to recapitulate the complex structure of the human airway or the full spectrum of disease symptoms observed in humans. Recently, nose and lung organoids have revolutionized culture complexity in infection biology and have demonstrated potential for research on respiratory virus infections in humans. In this opinion, we review how advances in human nose and lung organoid models, which are able to express all cell types of the respiratory epithelia, i.e., Club, basal, goblet, and ciliated cells, have provided novel insight into the pathogenesis, age-dependent susceptibility, viral attenuation signature, and immune mechanisms of respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus. The models have also demonstrated potential for studying hitherto uncultivable human viruses and to be useful for studies of zoonotic risk.},
}

Humans
*Organoids/virology
*Lung/virology/cytology
Animals
*Nose/virology
Respiratory Tract Infections/virology
SARS-CoV-2/physiology
Respiratory Mucosa/virology/cytology
Virus Diseases/virology
COVID-19/virology
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/physiology

@article {pmid40143239,
year = {2025},
author = {Omatola, CA and Ogunsakin, RE and Olaniran, AO and Kumari, S},
title = {Monkeypox Virus Occurrence in Wastewater Environment and Its Correlation with Incidence Cases of Mpox: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytic Study.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v17030308},
pmid = {40143239},
issn = {1999-4915},
mesh = {*Wastewater/virology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Feces/virology ; COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification ; Europe/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the interest in the use of wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) strategy for infectious disease monitoring, especially when clinical cases are underreported. The excretion of monkey virus (MPXV) in the feces of both symptomatic and preclinical individuals has further driven the interest in WBS applicability to MPXV monitoring in wastewater to support its mitigation efforts. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis, using six databases to assess MPXV detection in wastewater. We performed a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate the pooled prevalence at a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Also, we carried out a subgroup analysis according to the country regions and a sensitivity analysis excluding studies classified as having a high risk of bias. The overall MPXV positivity rate in wastewater was estimated at 22% (95% CI: 14-30%; I[2] = 94.8%), with more detection rate in North America (26%, 95% CI: 8-43%) compared to Europe and Asia (22%, 95% CI: 12-31%). The MPXV detection rate was significantly higher in 2022 studies (22%, 95% CI: 13-31%) compared to 2023 (19%, 95% CI: 14-25%). The real-time PCR platform significantly detected more MPXV (24%, 95% CI: 14-34%) than the digital droplet PCR-based studies (17%, 95% CI: 4-31%), which was used less frequently. Viral concentration with centrifugation procedure indicated higher detection rates (21%, 95% CI: 10-33%) than other known sample concentration protocols. Generally, MPXV detection rates in wastewater samples strongly correlate with incidence cases of mpox (range of R = 0.78-0.94; p < 0.05). Findings from this study suggest that WBS of MPXV could be employed as an epidemiological early warning tool for disease monitoring and mpox outbreak prediction similar to the clinical case-based surveillance strategies.},
}

*Wastewater/virology
Humans
Incidence
Feces/virology
COVID-19/epidemiology/virology
Animals
SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification
Europe/epidemiology

@article {pmid40143195,
year = {2025},
author = {Ugbaja, SC and Mushebenge, AG and Kumalo, H and Ngcobo, M and Gqaleni, N},
title = {Potential Benefits of In Silico Methods: A Promising Alternative in Natural Compound's Drug Discovery and Repurposing for HBV Therapy.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ph18030419},
pmid = {40143195},
issn = {1424-8247},
abstract = {Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important global public health issue. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2024 Global Hepatitis Report estimated that the global prevalence of people living with HBV infection is 254 million, with an estimated prevalence incidence of 1.2 million new HBV infections yearly. Previous studies have shown that natural compounds have antiviral inhibition potentials. In silico methods such as molecular docking, virtual screening, pharmacophore modeling, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), and molecular dynamic simulations have been successfully applied in identifying bioactive compounds with strong binding energies in HBV treatment targets. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the importance of repurposing already approved drugs using in silico methods. This study is aimed at unveiling the benefits of in silico techniques as a potential alternative in natural compounds' drug discovery and repurposing for HBV therapy. Relevant articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were retrieved and analyzed. Furthermore, this study comprehensively reviewed the literature containing identified bioactive compounds with strong inhibition of essential HBV proteins. Notably, hesperidin, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and flavonoids have shown strong binding energies for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The investigation reveals that in silico drug discovery methods offer an understanding of the mechanisms of action, reveal previously overlooked viral targets (including PreS1 Domain of HBsAg and cccDNA (Covalently Closed Circular DNA) regulators, and facilitate the creation of specific inhibitors. The integration of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo techniques is essential for the discovery of new drugs for HBV therapy. The insights further highlight the importance of natural compounds and in silico methods as targets in drug discovery for HBV therapy. Moreover, the combination of natural compounds, an in silico approach, and drug repurposing improves the chances of personalized and precision medicine in HBV treatment. Therefore, we recommend drug repurposing strategies that combine in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches to facilitate the discovery of effective HBV drugs.},
}

@article {pmid40142428,
year = {2025},
author = {Bylica, I and Jachowicz-Matczak, E and Brodowicz, J and Sułkowska, J and Bociąga-Jasik, M and Heczko, P and Gagatek, S and Bylica, J and Wójkowska-Mach, J},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity in Immunocompetent European Adults: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms13030535},
pmid = {40142428},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {2020/39/B/NZ6/01939//National Science Centre Poland/ ; U1C/W41/NO/28.24//the Priority Research Area (name of the PRA) under the Strategic Programme Excellence Initiative at Jagiellonian University/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, profoundly impacted global health systems and economies. Vaccination and diagnostic advancements were pivotal in managing the pandemic. This systematic review evaluates antibody levels in adults following complete COVID-19 vaccination and examines the prevalence of infections in vaccinated populations. A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines was conducted, focusing on studies analyzing antibody levels at least 14 days after full vaccination with FDA- or EMA-approved vaccines. Five European studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Data were extracted and synthesized from studies involving 6280 participants aged 19 to 105, with an average of 11% having prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Antibody levels were analyzed over time, and the incidence of post-vaccination COVID-19 cases was recorded. The reviewed studies demonstrated that antibody levels peaked shortly after vaccination but gradually declined over time. Individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibited higher antibody titers than those without prior exposure. After the first dose, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine led to significantly higher antibody levels than the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, especially in those without prior infection. Across all studies, the incidence of COVID-19 among vaccinated individuals was low (0.1-3.8% for 144-302 days post-vaccination). Vaccination reduced severe outcomes despite decreasing antibody levels. The decline in new COVID-19 cases and related deaths is attributed to widespread vaccination, natural immunity, and virus mutations reducing severity. Further studies are warranted to explore antibody persistence and optimal vaccination strategies.},
}

@article {pmid40141892,
year = {2025},
author = {Jeon, J and Kang, D and Kim, SW},
title = {Advances in Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Microbial Disinfection.},
journal = {Micromachines},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/mi16030281},
pmid = {40141892},
issn = {2072-666X},
support = {2022R1A3B1078291, 2020R1A5A1019131//National Research Foundation of Korea/ ; },
abstract = {The global COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the pivotal role of microbial disinfection technologies, driving the demand for innovative, efficient, and sustainable solutions. Triboelectric technology, known for efficiently converting ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy, has emerged as a promising candidate to address these needs. Self-powered electro-based microbial disinfection using triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has emerged as a promising solution. TENGs have demonstrated effective disinfection capabilities in various settings, including water, air, surfaces, and wounds. This review explores the advancements in TENG-based microbial disinfection, highlighting its mechanisms and applications. By utilizing triboelectric technology, it provides comprehensive insights into the development of sustainable and efficient solutions for microbial control across diverse environments.},
}

@article {pmid40141784,
year = {2025},
author = {Caliman-Sturdza, OA and Gheorghita, R and Lobiuc, A},
title = {Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Long COVID-19: A Narrative Review of Clinical Aspects and Therapeutic Approaches.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/life15030439},
pmid = {40141784},
issn = {2075-1729},
abstract = {The COVID-19 (C-19) pandemic has highlighted the significance of understanding the long-term effects of this disease on the quality of life of those infected. Long COVID-19 (L-C19) presents as persistent symptoms that continue beyond the main illness period, usually lasting weeks to years. One of the lesser-known but significant aspects of L-C19 is its impact on neuropsychiatric manifestations, which can have a profound effect on an individual's quality of life. Research shows that L-C19 creates neuropsychiatric issues such as mental fog, emotional problems, and brain disease symptoms, along with sleep changes, extreme fatigue, severe head pain, tremors with seizures, and pain in nerves. People with cognitive problems plus fatigue and mood disorders experience great difficulty handling everyday activities, personal hygiene, and social interactions. Neuropsychiatric symptoms make people withdraw from social activity and hurt relationships, thus causing feelings of loneliness. The unpredictable state of L-C19 generates heavy psychological pressure through emotional suffering, including depression and anxiety. Neuropsychiatric changes such as cognitive impairment, fatigue, and mood swings make it hard for people to work or study effectively, which decreases their output at school or work and lowers their job contentment. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the clinical data present in the literature regarding the neuropsychiatric manifestations of L-C19, to identify current methods of diagnosis and treatment that lead to correct management of the condition, and to highlight the impact of these manifestations on patients' quality of life.},
}

@article {pmid40141748,
year = {2025},
author = {Stasi, C},
title = {Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Sequelae in Liver Diseases.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/life15030403},
pmid = {40141748},
issn = {2075-1729},
abstract = {During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several studies highlighted a worse prognosis for patients with alterations in liver function tests, especially those with pre-existing liver diseases. However, further studies are needed to define the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on liver diseases. Long COVID-19 encompasses a wide range of signs and symptoms, including exacerbations of pre-existing chronic conditions or new onset conditions developed after the COVID-19 acute phase. Therefore, the long-term effects of COVID-19 extensively include hepatic manifestations. The co-expression of angiotensin-converting receptor 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) has been demonstrated also in enterocytes, cholangiocytes, and hepatocytes. Studies on the post-COVID-19 sequelae have shown the presence of steatosis and necroinflammation in the liver, concomitantly with an alteration of inflammation, cytolysis and cholestasis indices. Some studies also demonstrated an increased risk for hepatobiliary pathologies, including secondary biliary cholangitis and worsening of the severity of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD). Based on these premises, this review aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to COVID-19-related liver and hepatobiliary damage; explore its implications for liver inflammation and fibrosis, with a particular focus on MASLD and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); and analyze the short- and long-term COVID-19 sequelae. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database for relevant studies published in English.},
}

@article {pmid40141737,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, SE and Kim, DY and Jeong, TS and Park, YS},
title = {Micro- and Nano-Plastic-Induced Adverse Health Effects on Lungs and Kidneys Linked to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/life15030392},
pmid = {40141737},
issn = {2075-1729},
support = {HV22C0160//Korean Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)/ ; NRF-2020R1A2C1011704//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; },
abstract = {Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) are small plastic particles that result from the breakdown of larger plastics. They are widely dispersed in the environment and pose a threat to wildlife and humans. MNPs are present in almost all everyday items, including food, drinks, and household products. Air inhalation can also lead to exposure to MNPs. Research in animals indicates that once MNPs are absorbed, they can spread to various organs, including the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, thymus, reproductive organs, kidneys, and even the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier. Furthermore, MPs can transport persistent organic pollutants or heavy metals from invertebrates to higher levels in the food chain. When ingested, the additives and monomers that comprise MNPs can disrupt essential biological processes in the human body, thereby leading to disturbances in the endocrine and immune systems. During the 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, there was a significant increase in the global use of polypropylene-based face masks, leading to insufficient waste management and exacerbating plastic pollution. This review examines the existing research on the impact of MNP inhalation on human lung and kidney health based on in vitro and in vivo studies. Over the past decades, a wide range of studies suggest that MNPs can impact both lung and kidney tissues under both healthy and diseased conditions. Therefore, this review emphasizes the need for additional studies employing multi-approach analyses of various associated biomarkers and mechanisms to gain a comprehensive and precise understanding of the impact of MNPs on human health.},
}

@article {pmid40141733,
year = {2025},
author = {Maria, LFBS and Batista, JET and Wachira, VK and Junior, WBC and Soares, AASM and Carvalho, IPSF and Peixoto, HM},
title = {Factors Associated with Post-COVID Cardiac Conditions and Potential Prognostic Factors: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/life15030388},
pmid = {40141733},
issn = {2075-1729},
support = {445276/2023-1//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; 445276/2023-1; Call No. 21/2023//Ministério da Saúde/ ; },
abstract = {Cardiac conditions are a significant category of post-COVID conditions. The objective of this study was to synthesise the evidence on the factors associated with the development of post-COVID cardiac conditions, the frequency of clinical outcomes in affected patients, and the potential prognostic factors. A systematic review was conducted using the databases EBSCOhost, MEDLINE via PubMed, BVS, and Embase, covering studies from 2019 to December 2023. A total of 8343 articles were identified, and seven met the eligibility criteria for data extraction. The protective effect of vaccination stood out among the associated factors, showing a reduced risk of developing post-COVID cardiac conditions. Conversely, COVID-19 reinfections were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes. Regarding the main outcomes in these patients, most recovered, although some cases persisted beyond 200 days of follow-up. The study included in the analysis of prognostic factors reported that the four children who did not recover by the end of the study were between two and five years old and had gastrointestinal symptoms during the illness. The COVID-19 vaccination regimen reduces the risk of developing post-COVID cardiac conditions. Public health policies promoting immunisation should be encouraged to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections and reinfections.},
}

@article {pmid40141299,
year = {2025},
author = {Mokra, D and Porvaznik, I and Mokry, J},
title = {N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury: Perspectives and Limitations.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26062657},
pmid = {40141299},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {APVV-15-0075//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; APVV-18-0084//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; APVV-22-0342//Slovak Research and Development Agency/ ; VEGA 1/0131/22//Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic/ ; VEGA 1/0093/22//Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic/ ; },
mesh = {*Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Humans ; *Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy ; Animals ; *Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; COVID-19 ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can take part in the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases because of the potent mucolytic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of NAC. However, less is known about its use in the treatment of acute lung injury. Nowadays, an increasing number of studies indicates that early administration of NAC may reduce markers of oxidative stress and alleviate inflammation in animal models of acute lung injury (ALI) and in patients suffering from distinct forms of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or pulmonary infections including community-acquired pneumonia or Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. Besides low costs, easy accessibility, low toxicity, and rare side effects, NAC can also be combined with other drugs. This article provides a review of knowledge on the mechanisms of inflammation and oxidative stress in various forms of ALI/ARDS and critically discusses experience with the use of NAC in these disorders. For preparing the review, articles published in the English language from the PubMed database were used.},
}

*Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Humans
*Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy
Animals
*Oxidative Stress/drug effects
COVID-19
Antioxidants/therapeutic use/pharmacology
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology

@article {pmid40141241,
year = {2025},
author = {Graciliano, NG and Goulart, MOF and de Oliveira, ACM},
title = {Impact of Maternal Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 on Immunological Components of Breast Milk.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26062600},
pmid = {40141241},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {401256/2020-0; 465389/2014-7//National Council for Scientific and Technological Development/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Milk, Human/immunology/virology ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/prevention & control ; Female ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Pregnancy ; Maternal Exposure ; Infant, Newborn ; Breast Feeding ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired ; },
abstract = {COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global public health threat. Although no replication-competent virus has been found in breast milk samples, breastfeeding practices during the pandemic were impacted. It is well known that breast milk is adapted to meet the needs of infants, providing the appropriate amounts of nutrients and various bioactive compounds that contribute to the maturation of the immune system and antioxidant protection, safeguarding infants against diseases. While its composition is variable, breast milk contains immune cells, antibodies, and cytokines, which have anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties that strengthen infant immunity. Since COVID-19 vaccines have not yet been approved for infants under six months of age, newborns rely on the passive transfer of antibodies via the placenta and breast milk to protect them against severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several studies that analyzed breast milk samples in the context of COVID-19 have demonstrated that a strong antibody response is induced following maternal infection with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of maternal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 through natural infection and/or vaccination on the immunological composition of breast milk based on the studies conducted on this topic.},
}

Humans
*Milk, Human/immunology/virology
*COVID-19/immunology/virology/prevention & control
Female
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Pregnancy
Maternal Exposure
Infant, Newborn
Breast Feeding
Antibodies, Viral/immunology
Immunity, Maternally-Acquired

@article {pmid40141190,
year = {2025},
author = {Rizzi, M and Sainaghi, PP},
title = {Vitamin D: A Nutraceutical Supplement at the Crossroad Between Respiratory Infections and COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26062550},
pmid = {40141190},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; *Dietary Supplements ; *COVID-19/virology/prevention & control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/virology/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy/immunology ; },
abstract = {Even though in mid-2023 the World Health Organization declared the end of the public health emergency of international concern status for COVID-19, many areas of uncertainty about SARS-CoV-2 infection pathophysiology remain. Although in the last 4 years pharmaceutical industries widely invested in the development of effective antiviral treatments and vaccines, large disparities in their availability worldwide still exist, thus fostering the investigation of nutritional supplements as adjuvant therapeutic approaches for disease management, especially in resource-limited settings. During the COVID-19 pandemic, vitamin D has been widely used as an over-the-counter solution to improve disease evolution, thanks to its known immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory actions. Ecological and observational studies support a relationship between hypovitaminosis D and COVID-19 negative outcomes and, according to this evidence, several research groups investigated the role of vitamin D supplementation in protecting from SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or improving disease evolution. This narrative review is intended to offer insights into the existing data on vitamin D's biological effects in respiratory infections, especially in COVID-19. Furthermore, it will also offer a brief overview of the complex interplay between vitamin D and vaccine-elicited immune response, with special attention to anti-COVID-19 vaccines.},
}

Humans
*Vitamin D/therapeutic use
*Dietary Supplements
*COVID-19/virology/prevention & control/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/virology/prevention & control
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use
Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy/immunology

@article {pmid40141030,
year = {2025},
author = {Wyżewski, Z and Gregorczyk-Zboroch, KP and Mielcarska, MB and Świtlik, W and Niedzielska, A},
title = {Bid Protein: A Participant in the Apoptotic Network with Roles in Viral Infections.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26062385},
pmid = {40141030},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {2023/07/X/NZ6/01069//National Science Center/ ; },
mesh = {*BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/metabolism ; Humans ; *Apoptosis ; *Virus Diseases/metabolism/virology ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The BH3-interacting domain death agonist (Bid), a proapoptotic signaling molecule of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family, is a key regulator of mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeability. Uniquely positioned at the intersection of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, Bid links death receptor signaling to the mitochondria-dependent cascade and can also be activated by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In its active forms, cleaved Bid (cBid) and truncated Bid (tBid), it disrupts MOM integrity via Bax/Bak-dependent and independent mechanisms. Apoptosis plays a dual role in viral infections, either promoting or counteracting viral propagation. Consequently, viruses modulate Bid signaling to favor their replication. The deregulation of Bid activity contributes to oncogenic transformation, inflammation, immunosuppression, neurotoxicity, and pathogen propagation during various viral infections. In this work, we explore Bid's structure, function, activation processes, and mitochondrial targeting. We describe its role in apoptosis induction and its involvement in infections with multiple viruses. Additionally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of Bid in antiviral strategies. Understanding Bid's signaling pathways offers valuable insights into host-virus interactions and the pathogenesis of infections. This knowledge may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic approaches to combat virus-associated diseases effectively.},
}

*BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein/metabolism
Humans
*Apoptosis
*Virus Diseases/metabolism/virology
Animals
Signal Transduction
Mitochondria/metabolism

@article {pmid40140981,
year = {2025},
author = {Embrett, M and Carson, A and Sim, M and Conway, A and Moore, E and Hancock, K and Bielska, I},
title = {Building Resilient and Responsive Health Research Systems:Responses and the Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Health research policy and systems},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {38},
pmid = {40140981},
issn = {1478-4505},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Pandemics ; *Public Health ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Capacity Building/organization & administration ; Health Services Research/organization & administration ; Developed Countries ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the crucial role of robust health research systems (HRSs) in supporting effective public health responses. Understanding the responses and lessons learned from HRS during the pandemic is vital for future preparedness.

METHODS: This environmental scan examined high income Countries with a HRS that responded to the COVID-19 pandemic using both academic and grey literature sources to gather comprehensive insights into these areas. The analysis was structured using an organizing framework to facilitate systematic extraction and synthesis of relevant information. A total of 5336 sources were identified of which 3609 were screened following duplicate removal. A total of 117 full-text sources were reviewed leading to 65 being included.

FINDINGS: Effective interdisciplinary and cross-sector collaborations significantly enhanced the capacity to respond to the pandemic. Clear and streamlined governance structures were essential for coordinated efforts across various entities, facilitating swift decision-making and resource allocation. The robustness of pre-existing research infrastructures played a crucial role in the rapid mobilization of resources and execution of large-scale research projects. Knowledge mobilization efforts were vital in disseminating research findings promptly to inform public health responses. Continuous tracking and evaluation of health research activities enabled real-time adjustments and informed decision-making. Rapid identification and funding of research priorities, including vaccine and therapeutic development, were critical in addressing urgent public health needs. Effective resource allocation and capacity-building efforts ensured focused and accelerated research responses. Comprehensive strategic planning, involving stakeholder engagement and robust monitoring tools, was essential for aligning research efforts with health system needs.

CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the necessity of flexible funding mechanisms, enhanced data-sharing practices and robust strategic planning to prepare for future health emergencies. Policy implications emphasize the need for sustained investments in health policy and systems research (HPSR) and the development of comprehensive governance frameworks. Research implications highlight the importance of community engagement and interdisciplinary partnerships. For decision-makers, the study stresses the importance of rapid response mechanisms and evidence-based policy making. Health research systems must prioritize maintaining adaptable infrastructures and strategic planning to ensure effective crisis response. Despite potential biases and the rapidly evolving context, this comprehensive analysis provides valuable lessons for strengthening HRSs to address future public health challenges.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Pandemics
*Public Health
*SARS-CoV-2
Capacity Building/organization & administration
Health Services Research/organization & administration
Developed Countries

@article {pmid40137051,
year = {2025},
author = {Kukreti, S and Lu, MT and Yeh, CY and Ko, NY},
title = {Physiological Sensors Equipped in Wearable Devices for Management of Long COVID Persisting Symptoms: Scoping Review.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {e69506},
doi = {10.2196/69506},
pmid = {40137051},
issn = {1438-8871},
mesh = {Humans ; *Wearable Electronic Devices ; *COVID-19/therapy/diagnosis ; Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wearable technology has evolved in managing COVID-19, offering early monitoring of key physiological parameters. However, the role of wearables in tracking and managing long COVID is less understood and requires further exploration of their potential.

OBJECTIVE: This review assessed the application and effectiveness of wearable devices in managing long COVID symptoms, focusing on commonly used sensors and their potential for improving long-term patient care.

METHODS: A literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central, adhering to PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) reporting guidelines. The search was updated regularly throughout 2024. Abstract and full-text screening and selection were facilitated using Rayyan software developed by Qatar Computing Research Institute. Quality appraisal was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool to ensure the methodological rigor of the included studies. Data were extracted on study characteristics, wearable devices, sensors used, and monitored physiological parameters, and the results were synthesized in a narrative format.

RESULTS: A total of 1186 articles were identified, and after duplicate removal and screening, 15 studies were initially included, with 11 studies meeting the criteria for final data synthesis. The included studies varied in design, ranging from observational to interventional trials, and involved sample sizes from 3 to 17,667 participants across different countries. In total, 10 different wearable devices were used to monitor long COVID symptoms, capturing key metrics such as heart rate variability, body temperature, sleep, and physical activity. Smartwatches were the most used wearable devices and fitness trackers with electrocardiography and photoplethysmography sensors were used to monitor heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate. Of the 10 devices, 4 were Food and Drug Administration-approved, emphasizing the reliability and validation of the physiological data collected. Studies were primarily conducted in the United States and Europe, reflecting significant regional research interest in wearable technology for long COVID management.

CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the potential of wearable technology in providing continuous and personalized monitoring for long COVID patients. Although wearables show promise in tracking persistent symptoms, further research is needed to improve usability, validate long-term efficacy, and enhance patient engagement.},
}

Humans
*Wearable Electronic Devices
*COVID-19/therapy/diagnosis
Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation/methods
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40136995,
year = {2025},
author = {Luo, S and Yin, L and Liu, X and Wang, X},
title = {Advances in Virus Biorecognition and Detection Techniques for the Surveillance and Prevention of Infectious Diseases.},
journal = {Biosensors},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40136995},
issn = {2079-6374},
support = {82027806, 92461308, 82372220, 82061148012//Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Biosensing Techniques/methods ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/diagnosis/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Virus Diseases/diagnosis/prevention & control ; Viruses/isolation & purification ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Viral infectious diseases pose a serious threat to global public health due to their high transmissibility, rapid mutation rates, and limited treatment options. Recent outbreaks of diseases such as plague, monkeypox, avian influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have underscored the urgent need for efficient diagnostic and surveillance technologies. Focusing on viral infectious diseases that seriously threaten human health, this review summarizes and analyzes detection techniques from the perspective of combining viral surveillance and prevention advice, and discusses applications in improving diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. One of the major innovations of this review is the systematic integration of advanced biorecognition and detection technologies, such as bionanosensors, rapid detection test strips, and microfluidic platforms, along with the exploration of artificial intelligence in virus detection. These technologies address the limitations of traditional methods and enable the real-time monitoring and early warning of viral outbreaks. By analyzing the application of these technologies in the detection of pathogens, new insights are provided for the development of next-generation diagnostic tools to address emerging and re-emerging viral threats. In addition, we analyze the current progress of developed vaccines, combining virus surveillance with vaccine research to provide new ideas for future viral disease prevention and control and vaccine development, and call for global attention and the development of new disease prevention and detection technologies.},
}

Humans
*Biosensing Techniques/methods
*COVID-19/prevention & control/diagnosis/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
Virus Diseases/diagnosis/prevention & control
Viruses/isolation & purification
Animals

@article {pmid40136667,
year = {2025},
author = {Aligolighasemabadi, F and Bakinowska, E and Kiełbowski, K and Sadeghdoust, M and Coombs, KM and Mehrbod, P and Ghavami, S},
title = {Autophagy and Respiratory Viruses: Mechanisms, Viral Exploitation, and Therapeutic Insights.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40136667},
issn = {2073-4409},
mesh = {Humans ; *Autophagy ; Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/immunology/therapy ; Virus Diseases/therapy/immunology/virology ; Animals ; Viruses ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Virus Replication ; },
abstract = {Respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), continue to impose a heavy global health burden. Despite existing vaccination programs, these infections remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially among vulnerable populations like children, older adults, and immunocompromised individuals. However, the current therapeutic options for respiratory viral infections are often limited to supportive care, underscoring the need for novel treatment strategies. Autophagy, particularly macroautophagy, has emerged as a fundamental cellular process in the host response to respiratory viral infections. This process not only supports cellular homeostasis by degrading damaged organelles and pathogens but also enables xenophagy, which selectively targets viral particles for degradation and enhances cellular defense. However, viruses have evolved mechanisms to manipulate the autophagy pathways, using them to evade immune detection and promote viral replication. This review examines the dual role of autophagy in viral manipulation and host defense, focusing on the complex interplay between respiratory viruses and autophagy-related pathways. By elucidating these mechanisms, we aim to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting autophagy to enhance antiviral responses, offering promising directions for the development of effective treatments against respiratory viral infections.},
}

Humans
*Autophagy
Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/immunology/therapy
Virus Diseases/therapy/immunology/virology
Animals
Viruses
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Virus Replication

@article {pmid40136649,
year = {2025},
author = {Chavda, VP and Bezbaruah, R and Ahmed, N and Alom, S and Bhattacharjee, B and Nalla, LV and Rynjah, D and Gadanec, LK and Apostolopoulos, V},
title = {Proinflammatory Cytokines in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Their Management.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {40136649},
issn = {2073-4409},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cytokines/metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Animals ; Inflammation/pathology/metabolism ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/metabolism/drug therapy/immunology ; Lung Diseases/metabolism/drug therapy/immunology/pathology ; },
abstract = {Pulmonary homeostasis can be agitated either by external environmental insults or endogenous factors produced during respiratory/pulmonary diseases. The lungs counter these insults by initiating mechanisms of inflammation as a localized, non-specific first-line defense response. Cytokines are small signaling glycoprotein molecules that control the immune response. They are formed by numerous categories of cell types and induce the movement, growth, differentiation, and death of cells. During respiratory diseases, multiple proinflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in orchestrating chronic inflammation and structural changes in the respiratory tract by recruiting inflammatory cells and maintaining the release of growth factors to maintain inflammation. The issue aggravates when the inflammatory response is exaggerated and/or cytokine production becomes dysregulated. In such instances, unresolving and chronic inflammatory reactions and cytokine production accelerate airway remodeling and maladaptive outcomes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines generate these deleterious consequences through interactions with receptors, which in turn initiate a signal in the cell, triggering a response. The cytokine profile and inflammatory cascade seen in different pulmonary diseases vary and have become fundamental targets for advancement in new therapeutic strategies for lung diseases. There are considerable therapeutic approaches that target cytokine-mediated inflammation in pulmonary diseases; however, blocking specific cytokines may not contribute to clinical benefit. Alternatively, broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory approaches are more likely to be clinically effective. Herein, this comprehensive review of the literature identifies various cytokines (e.g., interleukins, chemokines, and growth factors) involved in pulmonary inflammation and the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary, lung cancer, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis) and investigates targeted therapeutic treatment approaches.},
}

Humans
*Cytokines/metabolism
Chronic Disease
Animals
Inflammation/pathology/metabolism
Respiratory Tract Diseases/metabolism/drug therapy/immunology
Lung Diseases/metabolism/drug therapy/immunology/pathology

@article {pmid40136608,
year = {2025},
author = {Suresh, V and Shamim, MA and Ghosh, V and Dave, T and Jayan, M and Verma, A and Sanker, V and Roy, P and Bardhan, M},
title = {SGLT2 Inhibitors in COVID-19: Umbrella Review, Meta-Analysis, and Bayesian Sensitivity Assessment.},
journal = {Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {40136608},
issn = {2079-9721},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported a reduced risk of COVID-19-related mortality in patients taking antidiabetic medications. This is an umbrella review, meta-analysis, and Bayesian sensitivity assessment of SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODS: A search was conducted on the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases on 5/12/2023. We performed an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the effects of SGLT2is in T2DM patients with COVID-19 and critically appraised them using AMSTAR 2.0. Trials investigating SGLT2i use in COVID-19 patients post-hospitalisation and observational studies on prior SGLT2i use among COVID-19 patients were included in the meta-analysis, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines.

RESULTS: SGLT2is exhibited significantly lower odds of mortality (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.84) and hospitalisation (OR 0.84, 0.75-0.94) in COVID-19 patients with T2DM. Bayesian sensitivity analyses corroborated most of the findings, with differences observed in hospitalisation and mortality outcomes. SGLT-2 inhibitors showed an OR of 1.20 (95% CI 0.64-2.27) for diabetic ketoacidosis. Publication bias was observed for hospitalisation, but not for mortality. The GRADE assessment indicated a low to very low quality of evidence because of the observational studies included.

CONCLUSIONS: The prophylactic use of SGLT2is reduces mortality and hospitalisation among COVID-19 patients, particularly in patients with diabetes. The utility of SGLT2is after hospitalisation is uncertain and warrants further investigation. A limited efficacy has been observed under critical conditions. Individualised assessment is crucial before integration into COVID-19 management.},
}

@article {pmid40136151,
year = {2025},
author = {Moré, JS and Serbena, DR and Camargo, LGG and Clemente, PA and Santos, FSD and Bonini, JS},
title = {How the COVID-19 pandemic affected routine child vaccination: an integrative review.},
journal = {Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {eRW1119},
doi = {10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1119},
pmid = {40136151},
issn = {2317-6385},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Child ; *Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data ; *Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Vaccination/statistics & numerical data ; Infant ; Immunization Programs ; Child, Preschool ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Child immunization plays a critical role in preventing numerous diseases. However, the COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly disrupted healthcare systems globally, including routine child vaccination programs.

OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the reduction in vaccine coverage among infants and children during the pandemic and analyze the potential impacts of decreased child immunization during this period.

METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted using the MeSH terms "Child," "Vaccination", and "COVID-19," along with their synonyms. Systematic reviews published between March 11, 2020, and June 1, 2023, in Portuguese or English were included. Databases searched included PubMed, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), Embase, and Scopus. Two blinded independent reviewers performed the selection process, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. The AMSTAR-II tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.

RESULTS: Of the 1,534 eligible articles, only 13 addressed the pandemic's impact on children's vaccination coverage. Most studies involved multiple countries and reported a significant decrease in children's vaccination coverage due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCLUSION: The findings were heterogeneous but consistently highlighted the substantial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine vaccination coverage in most countries. Further research is needed to explore the epidemiological consequences of disruptions to vaccination schedules, potentially guiding public policies and raising awareness about the importance of adhering to health protection programs.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Child
*Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data
*Pandemics/prevention & control
*Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
Infant
Immunization Programs
Child, Preschool
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40135763,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, C and Zhang, YQ and Liu, RB and Ma, YT and Zhao, LK and Yin, FQ and Tu, J and Yao, YY},
title = {Growing attention of immunogenicity among patients with autoimmune diseases post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: meta-analysis and systematic reviews of the current studies.},
journal = {Annals of medicine},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {2478319},
doi = {10.1080/07853890.2025.2478319},
pmid = {40135763},
issn = {1365-2060},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; *Autoimmune Diseases/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine/immunology ; Vaccination ; Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the optimal strategy for patients with autoimmune diseases by comparing the immunoreaction and effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines between healthy individuals and patients.

METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies on effectiveness and immunoreaction to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with autoimmune diseases published until October 07, 2022. The quality of each included study was evaluated by independent reviewers using National Institutes of Health study quality assessment tool, and the STATA 15.0 software was used for all statistical analyses.

RESULTS: A total of 84 publications were included and analyzed in this meta-analysis, favoring healthy controls regarding serological response (risk ratio, RR=0.88, 95% CI (confidence interval): 0.86-0.91), antibody response (RR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.87-0.94), and incidence of seropositive immunoglobulin G (IgG) (RR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.69-0.80) than patients post-vaccination. Patients with autoimmune diseases developed lower IgG (standard mean difference, SMD=-0.64 95%CI: -0.84 to -0.43) and antibody titer level (SMD=-1.39, 95%CI: -2.30 to -0.49) than healthy individuals in AU/ml. Stratified analyses were conducted further according to various potential factors in full-text studies.

CONCLUSION: Patients who are immunocompromised and received more vaccines demonstrated poorer humoral responses and seropositive incidence after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination than healthy individuals. Despite the lack of observable favor for patients with autoimmune diseases, the trend of effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is close to that for healthy populations. Patients who are immunocompromised should be provided a better SARS-CoV-2 vaccination schedule, considering various vaccine subtypes, dose(s), variants of concern, and immunoassays.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
*Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Antibodies, Viral/blood/immunology
Immunogenicity, Vaccine/immunology
Vaccination
Immunoglobulin G/blood/immunology

@article {pmid40135595,
year = {2025},
author = {Sarac, B and Yücer, S and Ciftci, F},
title = {MXenes in microbiology and virology: from pathogen detection to antimicrobial applications.},
journal = {Nanoscale},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d5nr00477b},
pmid = {40135595},
issn = {2040-3372},
abstract = {MXenes, a rapidly emerging class of two-dimensional materials, have demonstrated exceptional versatility and functionality across various domains, including microbiology and virology. Recent advancements in MXene synthesis techniques, encompassing both top-down and bottom-up approaches, have expanded their potential applications in pathogen detection, antimicrobial treatments, and biomedical platforms. This review highlights the unique physicochemical properties of MXenes, including their large surface area, tunable surface chemistry, and high biocompatibility, which contribute to their antimicrobial efficacy against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. The antibacterial mechanisms of MXenes, including membrane disruption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and photothermal inactivation, are discussed alongside hybridization strategies that enhance their bioactivity. Additionally, the challenges and future prospects of MXenes in developing advanced antimicrobial coatings, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic systems are outlined. By addressing current limitations and exploring innovative solutions, this study underscores the transformative potential of MXenes in microbiology, virology, and biomedical applications.},
}

@article {pmid40135008,
year = {2025},
author = {Alhasan, NA and Lombardi, M and Al-Ajmi, NS},
title = {Smart Accessibility and Quality of Life in Education: A Systematic Review of Adolescent Support and Universal Access.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {e79494},
pmid = {40135008},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The accelerated digitalization of secondary education following the COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally altered the nature of learner engagement and participation with various knowledge resources. From digital lessons to gamification to integrated smart technologies capable of supporting specific learner needs, the opportunity for inclusion and universal accessibility is unprecedented. This study represents an important extension of prior research in this field, combining multiple empirical studies regarding smart technologies, accessibility effects, and learner quality of life (QoL) into a blueprint for future educational applications. Through a systematic literature review (SLR), studies from multiple databases using multiple empirical methods have been identified and thematically compared. The findings reveal that while smart technologies have the potential to revolutionize inclusive education, accessibility gaps persist, particularly for students with special needs, leading to disparities in learning opportunities and outcomes. Such gaps stem from insufficiently adaptive technologies, inadequate teacher training, and limited resource allocation for underserved communities. By targeting a bottom-up, participative design approach to technological identification and integration, a broader range of student needs can be accommodated, and technological accessibility can be ensured for a larger percentage of the secondary student population. This study recommends improving educational outcomes for all students, especially those with special needs, by prioritizing the development of adaptable, inclusive technologies and continuous utility assessments. This research synthesizes findings from multiple studies to evaluate the impact of smart accessibility on adolescent learning and quality of life, providing a framework for assessing and improving technological integration in secondary education.},
}

@article {pmid40134857,
year = {2025},
author = {Al-Ogaili, A and Brilakis, ES},
title = {Insights into the Global Total Occlusion Crossing Algorithm.},
journal = {Interventional cardiology (London, England)},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {e06},
pmid = {40134857},
issn = {1756-1485},
abstract = {An algorithmic approach to chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention has led to an increase in the success rate and safety of the procedure. The global CTO crossing algorithm is a consensus document that was developed by 121 expert operators from 50 countries and published during the COVID-19 pandemic. It provides standardisation while allowing flexibility in CTO crossing strategy selection, and can facilitate teaching of CTO percutaneous coronary intervention across various regions of the world. In this review, the 10 steps of the global CTO crossing algorithm are discussed in detail.},
}

@article {pmid40134119,
year = {2025},
author = {Uthman, OA and Katoto, PDMC and Anjorin, SS and Marais, T and Amiche, A and Nachega, JB},
title = {Gaps in vaccine clinical trials in Africa: A mixed scoping review and bibliometric analysis before, during, and post- COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {2481802},
doi = {10.1080/21645515.2025.2481802},
pmid = {40134119},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; Africa/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Bibliometrics ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Vaccine Development ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {Africa's participation in vaccine trials has historically been limited, but the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for greater involvement. This study explores vaccine clinical development in Africa, emphasizing its importance for global health security. Using a scoping review and bibliometric analysis, we examined 662 vaccine trials conducted before, during, and after the pandemic. The analysis revealed a significant increase in vaccine trials after 2018 and particularly following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2023. Most trials focused on viral infections and were single-country studies. Pharmaceutical company sponsors funded most of the earlier trials, with increased government and academic involvement post-2020. Despite progress, challenges remain in the geographic distribution of trials, the number of government-supported studies, and the diversity of conditions studied. Addressing these gaps is crucial to bolstering Africa's role in global vaccine development.},
}

Humans
Africa/epidemiology
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*Clinical Trials as Topic
*Bibliometrics
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Vaccine Development
Pandemics/prevention & control

@article {pmid40133914,
year = {2025},
author = {He, MZ and Zhang, HT and Yang, Y and Fang, Y and Zhang, M and Deng, SQ and Sun, X},
title = {Coinfection of COVID-19 and malaria: clinical profiles, interactions, and strategies for effective control.},
journal = {Malaria journal},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {99},
pmid = {40133914},
issn = {1475-2875},
support = {2023AH050649//Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Anhui Province of China/ ; 82102432//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2108085QH347//Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Coinfection ; *COVID-19/complications/immunology/epidemiology ; *Malaria/complications/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; },
abstract = {Since SARS-CoV-2 has caused unprecedented changes in the epidemiology of other infectious diseases, investigations on coinfection between SARS-CoV-2 and one of the famous vector-borne diseases, malaria, are crucial for disease control, especially in malaria-endemic areas. The clinical profiles, possible mechanisms for interactions, and representative control measures of COVID-19 and malaria coinfections have recently garnered public attention. The overlap in epidemiology, infection incubation, and clinical symptoms between COVID-19 and malaria coinfections has been thoroughly discussed to provide a detailed diagnostic procedure for coinfections, thereby guiding appropriate clinical interventions. Immunological and genetic evidence has shown that previous malaria exposure may protect the body from the poor prognosis of COVID-19. ACE2 downregulation and TLR-induced pathways play a role in this protective effect, as do CD8 + and CD4 + T-cell activation and coinhibitory receptor upregulation, which help maintain a balance of immune reactions. Finally, multiple control measures for coinfections were discussed, and malaria control efforts were enriched in the context of COVID-19. These efforts included (1) developing vaccinations; (2) evaluating the efficacy of anti-malarial drugs in the SARS-CoV-2 treatment; (3) exploring recent advances in natural products that are potentially useful for coinfection treatment; (4) researching and implementing bioinsecticides for malaria control, such as gene-driven mosquitoes, fungi, and bacterial symbionts; and (5) improving national electronic disease surveillance platforms in malaria-endemic regions. At last, the above findings summarized valuable lessons about malaria and COVID-19 control and expedite further investigations on coinfections with complex clinical presentations.},
}

Humans
*Coinfection
*COVID-19/complications/immunology/epidemiology
*Malaria/complications/epidemiology/prevention & control
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology

@article {pmid40133891,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, QY and Chen, M and Ong, CW and Ho, CSH},
title = {The role of generative artificial intelligence in psychiatric education- a scoping review.},
journal = {BMC medical education},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {438},
pmid = {40133891},
issn = {1472-6920},
mesh = {Humans ; *Psychiatry/education ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Education, Medical/methods ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Canada ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The growing prevalence of mental health conditions, worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights the urgent need for enhanced psychiatric education. The distinctive nature of psychiatry- which is heavily centred on communication skills, interpersonal skills, and interviewing techniques- indicates a necessity for further research into the use of GenAI in psychiatric education.

OBJECTIVE: Given GenAI has shown promising outcomes in medical education, this study aims to discuss the possible roles of GenAI in psychiatric education.

METHODS: We conducted a scoping review to identify the role of GenAI in psychiatric education based on the educational framework of the Canadian Medical Education Directives for Specialists (CanMEDS).

RESULTS: Of the 12,594 papers identified, five studies met the inclusion criteria, revealing key roles for GenAI in case-based learning, simulation, content synthesis, and assessments. Despite these promising applications, limitations such as content accuracy, biases, and concerns regarding security and privacy were highlighted.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite these promising applications, limitations such as content accuracy, biases, and concerns regarding security and privacy have been highlighted. This study contributes to understanding how GenAI can enhance psychiatric education and suggests future research directions to refine its use in training medical students and primary care physicians. GenAI has significant potential to address the growing demand for mental health professionals, provided its limitations are carefully managed.},
}

Humans
*Psychiatry/education
*Artificial Intelligence
*Education, Medical/methods
COVID-19/epidemiology
Canada
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid40133851,
year = {2025},
author = {Khales, P and Razizadeh, MH and Ghorbani, S and Moattari, A and Saadati, H and Tavakoli, A},
title = {Prevalence of respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infections during the COVID-19 pandemic era: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMC pulmonary medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {135},
pmid = {40133851},
issn = {1471-2466},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/virology ; Child ; Prevalence ; Child, Preschool ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Rhinovirus/isolation & purification ; Infant ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The evaluation of the spread of respiratory viruses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is required to understand how SARS-CoV-2 may have impacted the spectrum of respiratory viruses among children. Our study aimed to examine the viral etiology of respiratory infections other than SARS-CoV-2 in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Three databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched from 2020 to 2023 to assess the pooled prevalence of respiratory viruses in different regions, types of patient care, and types of respiratory disease.

RESULTS: A total of 68 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (29.1%) and Respiratory syncytial virus (11.3%) were among the most common viruses among children with respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the case of patients younger than 5 years old, Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (36.2%) were the most prevalent viruses among all types of respiratory diseases. Also, Rhinovirus/Enterovirus were the most common viruses in the case of acute respiratory infection (26.1%), upper respiratory tract infection (21.0%), pneumonia (97.3%), and severe acute respiratory infection (54.7%). The most common viruses detected among inpatient cases were Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (47.4%) and Respiratory syncytial virus (14.9%). The prevalence of Influenza A + B viruses and Metapneumovirus among inpatients was also significantly higher than among outpatients.

CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of viruses such as Rhinovirus/Enterovirus and Respiratory syncytial virus in various respiratory conditions, shows the requirement for enhanced surveillance, vaccination, and treatment strategies. The significance of Influenza viruses and metapneumovirus in inpatient settings delineates the importance of prioritizing them in future preventive measures such as vaccine development to minimize respiratory infection-associated hospitalization.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/virology
Child
Prevalence
Child, Preschool
SARS-CoV-2
Rhinovirus/isolation & purification
Infant