@article {pmid39240046,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, R and Zhou, H and Wen, L and Kong, X and Zhou, Z},
title = {COVID-19-induced granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A case report of a 16-year-old East Asian and literature review.},
journal = {Immunity, inflammation and disease},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {e70010},
pmid = {39240046},
issn = {2050-4527},
support = {kq2202002//Changsha Natural Science Foundation/ ; kq2208448//Changsha Natural Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; Adolescent ; Male ; *Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/diagnosis/complications ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Retrospective Studies ; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic/immunology/blood ; East Asian People ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is divided into granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis, and eosinophilic GPA. It is one of the most severe and potentially fatal autoimmune inflammatory conditions. The etiology and pathology of AAV are complex and poorly understood. Since the onset of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous reports have documented GPA cases following COVID-19, suggesting a potential link between COVID-19 and the development of GPA. This case report discusses a 16-year-old East Asian boy who developed GPA with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after contracting COVID-19. Additionally, a literature review was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of this disorder.

METHODS: The study involved a retrospective analysis of the data of a case of GPA post-COVID-19 infection, aiming to summarize the clinical characteristics of GPA post-COVID-19 infection through a search of databases (PubMed, Wanfang Data, and CNKI), supplemented by standard searches in Google Scholar, Cochrane, Scopus, and LitCovid, and to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the literature.

RESULTS: A total of 12 cases were identified and, when combined with the present case, yielded 13 cases of GPA post-COVID-19 infection, comprising 5 males and 8 females with an average age of (40.6 ± 19.5) years. The interval between COVID-19 infection and the diagnosis of GPA varied from 1 day to 3 months across all cases. Mortality was reported at 7.7% (1/13). The most common clinical manifestations included cough (69.2%) and dyspnea (46.1%). Computed tomography scans revealed ground-glass opacities and multifocal pulmonary nodules. In all cases, positive findings for c-ANCA and protease 3-antibody were observed. Renal involvement was observed in more than half of the patients.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
Adolescent
Male
*Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/diagnosis/complications
*SARS-CoV-2
Retrospective Studies
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic/immunology/blood
East Asian People

@article {pmid39239304,
year = {2024},
author = {Abbasi, F and Movahedi, M and Seresht, LM and Nazari, F and Naeiji, Z and Arbabzadeh, T and Khanjani, S},
title = {COVID-19's Effect in Pregnancy and Vertical Transmission: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {International journal of preventive medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {25},
pmid = {39239304},
issn = {2008-7802},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted public health and the global economy. It has also been found to have potential effects on pregnancy, neonatal outcomes, and mother-to-infant transmission. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with pregnancy. A systematic review study was conducted by searching the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases according to PRISMA guidelines from December 1, 2019, to December 23, 2022. The results indicate that there was an increase in the rate of cesarean delivery among mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, the study found that the mode of delivery for pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 did not increase or decrease the risk of infection for newborns. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increase in maternal and infant mortality rates, as well as stillbirths and ruptured ectopic pregnancies. Research has shown that SARS-CoV-2 can potentially be transmitted during pregnancy, although vertical transmission is rare. However, additional data are needed to investigate this adverse effect, especially regarding reports of disease recurrence in mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2.},
}

@article {pmid39239073,
year = {2024},
author = {Ekim, M and Ekim, H and Akarsu, GD},
title = {Diabetic peripheral arterial disease in COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences},
volume = {29},
number = {},
pages = {35},
pmid = {39239073},
issn = {1735-1995},
abstract = {Both diabetes and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have complex interactions with COVID-19. PAD is one of the most important underlying factors in the development of diabetic foot. The COVID-19 pandemic has also caused an increase in cardiovascular complications in those with chronic diseases, including diabetics, due to both the thrombophilic course of the viral disease and the lockdown measures applied for prevention. Since both COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus predispose to thrombosis, PAD is likely to have a more severe course in diabetic patients with COVID-19. The aim of our study is to discuss the complications, prophylaxis, and treatment of PAD, which is a serious complication of diabetes, during the pandemic period.},
}

@article {pmid39239021,
year = {2024},
author = {Jain, H and Odat, RM and Hussein, AM and Dey, D and Ahmed, M and Jain, J and Goyal, A and Ratnani, T and Idrees, M and Prajjwal, P and Passey, S and Yadav, R},
title = {Efficacy and outcomes of BCG re-vaccination in COVID-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {86},
number = {9},
pages = {5439-5446},
pmid = {39239021},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine has a beneficial "off-target" effect that offers heterologous protection against respiratory tract infections by inducing trained immunity. The need for producing antigen-specific COVID-19 vaccines leads to delays in vaccine administration. Current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) report conflicting data on BCG's efficacy in COVID-19 infection.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using major bibliographic databases to identify RCTs evaluating the outcomes of BCG re-vaccination in COVID-19. For dichotomous outcomes, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Statistical significance was set at P less than 0.05.

RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs with 13 939 participants (7004 in the BCG re-vaccination group and 6935 in the placebo group) were included. BCG re-vaccination did not lead to a statistically significant difference in the incidence of COVID-19 infection [OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.19; P=0.56], COVID-19-related hospitalizations [OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.38, 1.72; P=0.58), ICU admissions [OR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.13, 1.46; P=0.18], or mortality [OR: 0.67; 95% CI 0.15, 3.04; P=0.60]. For safety outcomes, BCG re-vaccination led to a significant increase in the local injection site complications [OR: 99.79; 95% CI: 31.04, 320.80; P<0.00001], however, the risk of serious adverse events was similar [OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.84, 1.67; P=0.33].

CONCLUSIONS: BCG re-vaccination does not decrease the incidence of COVID-19 infection, COVID-19-related hospitalizations, ICU admissions, COVID-19-related mortality, and serious adverse events; however, it leads to a rise in local injection site complications. Caution should be exercised when overstating BCG's efficacy in COVID-19 prevention.},
}

@article {pmid39239009,
year = {2024},
author = {Qureshi, Z and Altaf, F and Jamil, A and Siddique, R and Shah, S},
title = {Navigating uncharted waters: assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: challenges and innovations.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {86},
number = {9},
pages = {5416-5424},
pmid = {39239009},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), necessitating adaptations across pre-transplant, transplantation, and post-transplant phases. HSCT recipients with compromised immune systems face heightened risks of severe COVID-19 outcomes, including increased mortality. The pandemic prompted significant changes in treatment strategies, with many patients experiencing delays or deferrals in autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), alongside adjustments to chemotherapy regimens to prevent disease recurrence. Clinical practices have evolved to address pandemic-related challenges, including a decrease in allo-HSCT procedures, a shift towards using domestic donors and peripheral blood stem cells over bone marrow grafts, and integration of telemedicine to reduce patient burden. These adaptations aim to balance COVID-19 exposure risks with the need for lifesaving HSCT. Innovations in response to the pandemic include stringent infection control measures, modified conditioning regimens, and revised post-transplant care protocols to mitigate infection risks. The importance of optimizing antiviral treatments, exploring new immunomodulatory interventions, and researching broadly neutralizing antibodies for HSCT recipients has been underscored. Despite the difficulties, the pandemic has catalyzed significant learning and innovation in HSCT practices, emphasizing the need for ongoing adaptation and research to protect this vulnerable patient population.},
}

@article {pmid39239001,
year = {2024},
author = {Shah, SK and Bhandari, K and Shah, A and Chaurasiya, G},
title = {COVID-19: vaccination, therapeutics and a review of the science and public health.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {86},
number = {9},
pages = {5343-5353},
pmid = {39239001},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {COVID-19, stemming from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has initiated a worldwide respiratory pandemic. Remarkable headway has been made in the realm of vaccination, as nearly every nation has initiated COVID-19 vaccine deployment. However, a mere 32.6% of individuals in low-income countries have received only a single vaccine dose. Unprecedented research and development endeavors have yielded over 170 COVID-19 vaccines, several of which are now in practical use. These vaccines have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in averting severe illness, hospitalization, and fatalities from COVID-19, even against emerging variants. Research pursuits persist, concentrating on novel vaccine technologies, oral and nasal vaccines, broader coronavirus protection, and vaccine combinations. In the realm of therapeutics, there have been significant strides in developing oral antiviral medications and monoclonal antibodies. Nonetheless, challenges in COVID-19 vaccination persist, encompassing issues of hesitancy, accessibility, financial barriers, knowledge gaps, and logistical hindrances. Robust monitoring via global agencies and reporting systems remains pivotal. Strategies for enhancing vaccination efficacy are rooted in fostering trust, countering misinformation, and expanding access. As for therapeutics, the approach involves dedicated research, clinical trials, regulatory streamlining, stockpiling, and international collaboration. Telemedicine and public awareness campaigns play integral roles in this effort, with coordination being the linchpin for preserving lives and mitigating the disease's impact. The global campaign against COVID-19 has witnessed substantial advancements, with an ongoing research focus on developing vaccines and therapeutics that are not only more accessible and affordable but also more effective, particularly for populations in low-income countries and vulnerable communities.},
}

@article {pmid39238995,
year = {2024},
author = {George, MS and Khan, HR and Khadka, S and Dey, RC and Khadka, S and Sánchez-Velazco, DF and Manandhar, S and Kumar, H and Ahmed, S},
title = {Measles resurgence in Armenia: unmasking health system vulnerabilities and crafting comprehensive eradication strategies - a review.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {86},
number = {9},
pages = {5394-5400},
pmid = {39238995},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {Measles is an acute febrile illness associated with rashes, fever and life-threatening complications. It is a vaccine-preventable disease with the Measles Mumps Rubella(MMR) vaccine but a recent global trend unveils a resurgence of measles in various parts of the world including Armenia. Measles was declared eliminated from Armenia in 2021 before reports of local outbreaks surfaced in 2023. The WHO identified discrepancies in the vaccination coverage during COVID-19. Measles also poses a great financial burden as a public health issue worldwide. Sociocultural factors impacting measles transmission are maternal education, healthcare access, migration, vaccine hesitancy, and socioeconomic status (Table 3). Efforts to control and eradicate measles from Armenia are run by a collaborative approach of national and international health bodies such as United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), WHO, Global Vaccine Alliance (GAVI), and the Ministry of Health. Thus, the resurgence of measles can be managed through widespread patient education, innovative approaches, strengthening the healthcare system and addressing vaccine hesitancy, sociocultural barriers, and humanitarian emergencies. This review investigates the complicated dynamics of measles inside Armenia's health system in depth. A thorough examination of measles incidence and immunization patterns highlights the shift from few cases and high vaccination rates to a comeback caused by imported viruses. The causes of its recurrence have been thoroughly investigated, including reduced immunization programs and vaccine hesitancy. The research delves further into the 'One Health' idea, assessing the possibility of interspecies transmission among nonhuman primates and examining the environmental factors that influence measles transmission. Among the challenges are weaknesses within Armenia's health system as well as the possibility of interruptions from the COVID-19 outbreak. In measles vaccination status, the combination of maternal education, postnatal care, and socioeconomic variables exposes the larger drivers at work. The study concludes with a comprehensive set of public health policy recommendations covering vaccination promotion, surveillance, healthcare provider education, public awareness, international collaboration, data analysis, law enforcement, emergency preparedness, research, and coordination. The research sheds light on the tangled web of measles dynamics, health system resilience, and contextual subtleties via this multifaceted approach, inviting readers to investigate the multiple strategies required for eliminating measles in Armenia.},
}

@article {pmid39238690,
year = {2024},
author = {M, V and Balamurugan, G and Sevak, S and Gurung, K and G, B and X, S and P, T and S, T},
title = {Silent Screams: A Narrative Review of Cyberbullying Among Indian Adolescents.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {e66292},
pmid = {39238690},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Cyberbullying is bullying with the use of digital technologies, which can take place on social media, messaging platforms, gaming platforms, and mobile phones. It is repeated behavior aimed at scaring, angering, or shaming those who are targeted. India happens to be one of the rapidly improving countries in the cyber world and thus faces a lot of problems regarding cyber crimes, especially cyberbullying. This narrative review aims to provide a thorough assessment of the impact of cyberbullying among Indian adolescents. The database engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO were searched relevant to the Indian context, focused on cyberbullying and victimization among adolescents, and published within the last 10 years (2014-2024) were included. Around 19 articles were reviewed and analyzed. Cyberbullying in India is on the rise due to increased technology access, social media, and insufficient awareness and prevention measures, with significant gender differences in aggression patterns. The severe psychological and physiological effects on victims, including depression and stress-related health issues, highlight the need for accurate data and culturally tailored interventions. Studies show varying prevalence rates, emphasizing the urgent need for focused efforts to combat cyberbullying among Indian youth. The review encompasses various aspects, including prevalence, standard methods, forms, causes, consequences, and effects on mental health factors contributing to cyberbullying in India. Additionally, the review explores cyberbullying during COVID-19 and interventions for cyberbullying and highlights the evidence from cohort studies, mixed-method studies, and systematic reviews. A growing number of adolescents are experiencing cyberbullying, which has a severe impact on their lives and leads to unexpected deviances. Cyberbullying remains a growing threat, requiring stronger, coordinated action by the government to genuinely make a difference and safeguard adolescents in India.},
}

@article {pmid39238435,
year = {2024},
author = {Cubelo, F and Kohanová, D and Turunen, H and Solgajová, A and Berdida, DJ},
title = {Nipah virus and implications for the nursing workforce and public health: A rapid review.},
journal = {Public health nursing (Boston, Mass.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/phn.13413},
pmid = {39238435},
issn = {1525-1446},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Nipah virus has raised significant concerns in global health security. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the nursing workforce continues to face numerous challenges, including inadequate preparedness for pandemics, a shortage of nursing personnel, physical, and mental exhaustion.

OBJECTIVE: This rapid review aimed to synthesize existing literature on the Nipah virus and its implications for the nursing workforce.

DESIGN: A rapid review was conducted to synthesize the available literature on the Nipah virus, facilitating the provision of timely and pertinent information to policymakers and decision influencers. A systematic search strategy was implemented between January 22 and February 9, 2024, from PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, and Google Scholar without year limitation. Out of 149 studies, six studies were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklists, and one study was excluded based on this evaluation, resulting in five studies being included. Then these were reviewed using narrative synthesis. The study adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

RESULTS: The selected research indicated that the virus was transmitted throughout the community and during hospital admissions, resulting in unexpected mortality. The healthcare staff, especially nurses, had a limited understanding of the infection. Although there is a lack of confidence in policy and decision-makers, many public health initiatives have been implemented such as providing education on infection prevention and control methods to healthcare personnel, including nurses and support staff.

CONCLUSION: There is a need to integrate continuing professional development programs in both primary health care and specialized medical care to strengthen the preparedness of healthcare personnel for future pandemics. Support systems not only for healthcare staff members, especially nurses, but also for allied personnel working with them to create conducive working environments.},
}

@article {pmid39236494,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, ZQ},
title = {How many organic small molecules might be used to treat COVID-19? From natural products to synthetic agents.},
journal = {European journal of medicinal chemistry},
volume = {278},
number = {},
pages = {116788},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116788},
pmid = {39236494},
issn = {1768-3254},
abstract = {A large scale of pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the past five years motivates a great deal of endeavors donating to the exploration on therapeutic drugs against COVID-19 as well as other diseases caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein is an overview on the organic small molecules that are potentially employed to treat COVID-19 and other SARS-CoV-2-related diseases. These organic small molecules are accessed from both natural resources and synthetic strategies. Notably, typical natural products presented herein consist of polyphenols, lignans, alkaloids, terpenoids, and peptides, which exert an advantage for the further discovery of novel anti-COVID-19 drugs from plant herbs. On the other hand, synthetic prodrugs are composed of a series of inhibitors towards RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), main protease (M[pro]), 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CL[pro]), spike protein, papain-like protease (PL[pro]) of the SARS-CoV-2 as well as the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the host cells. Synthetic strategies are worth taken into consideration because they are beneficial for designing novel anti-COVID-19 drugs in the coming investigations. Although examples collected herein are just a drop in the bucket, developments of organic small molecules against coronavirus infections are believed to pave a promising way for the discovery of multi-targeted therapeutic drugs against not only COVID-19 but also other virus-mediated diseases.},
}

@article {pmid39234786,
year = {2024},
author = {Connolly, SL and Adusumelli, Y and Azario, RP and Ferris, SD and Hwang, AR and Miller, CJ},
title = {A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis of Patient and Provider Attitudes Toward Audio-Only Telemental Health Care.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2024.0355},
pmid = {39234786},
issn = {1556-3669},
abstract = {Background: Audio-only (phone) telemental health care can increase access to care, but its lack of nonverbal information may negatively impact care quality as compared to video or in-person visits. The objective of this work was to understand patient and provider attitudes toward phone care via a review of qualitative research. Methods: A qualitative evidence synthesis was conducted of peer-reviewed qualitative research published between 2013 and 2023. Studies were required to include qualitative data regarding patient and/or provider attitudes toward audio-only telemental health care. Results pertinent to phone care were extracted and underwent coding followed by theme identification. Results: We identified 2,065 abstracts and 29 articles were ultimately included in the synthesis; 27 of these studies were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Five themes described benefits of phone care, nine described drawbacks, and three themes were neutral. Phone care was seen as easy to use, particularly for briefer check-ins or as a back-up option if video calls failed, and some patients preferred the privacy of not being seen. However, the loss of visual information during phone visits was considered particularly challenging in the treatment of more complex or severe patients; providers questioned whether they were able to provide high quality care, and patients reported feeling less supported and understood by their providers. Conclusions: The relative benefits and drawbacks of audio-only telemental health care must be carefully weighed against the options of video or in-person treatment based on patient needs and severity. Future work should continue to examine patient and provider attitudes toward phone care as the mental health landscape evolves postpandemic.},
}

@article {pmid39234779,
year = {2024},
author = {Priddy, F and Chalkias, S and Essink, B and Whatley, J and Brosz, A and Lee, IT and Feng, J and Tracy, L and Deng, W and Zhou, W and Zhou, H and Dixit, A and Snyder-Ghamloush, S and Girard, B and de Windt, E and Yeakey, A and Miller, J and Das, R and Kuter, BJ},
title = {A review of the immunogenicity and safety of booster doses of omicron variant-containing mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines in adults and children.},
journal = {Expert review of vaccines},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14760584.2024.2397026},
pmid = {39234779},
issn = {1744-8395},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is an integral pillar of the public health approach to COVID-19. With the emergence of variants of concern that increase transmissibility and escape from vaccine- or infection-induced protection, vaccines have been developed to more closely match the newly circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains to improve protection. The safety and immunogenicity of multiple authorized messenger RNA (mRNA)-based COVID-19 vaccines targeting the omicron sublineage (BA.1, BA.4/BA.5, and XBB.1.5) have been demonstrated in several clinical trials among adults and children.

AREAS COVERED: This review will comprehensively detail the available evidence (published through December 2023) from ongoing clinical trials on omicron variant-containing mRNA-1273 vaccines administered as additional doses in previously vaccinated target demographics.

EXPERT OPINION: Across three clinical trials, omicron variant-containing mRNA-1273 vaccines induced immune responses to vaccine-matched omicron strains as well as ancestral SARS-CoV-2, with a safety and reactogenicity profile comparable to the original mRNA-1273 vaccine. Combined with pivotal data demonstrating the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of the original mRNA-1273 vaccine, these findings support the use of variant-containing mRNA-1273 vaccines and provide confidence that expeditious development of updated vaccines using this established mRNA platform can maintain protection against COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid39234483,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, K and Van Name, J and Xi, L},
title = {Cardiovascular abnormalities of long-COVID syndrome: Pathogenic basis and potential strategy for treatment and rehabilitation.},
journal = {Sports medicine and health science},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {221-231},
pmid = {39234483},
issn = {2666-3376},
abstract = {Cardiac injury and sustained cardiovascular abnormalities in long-COVID syndrome, i.e. post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have emerged as a debilitating health burden that has posed challenges for management of pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and other associated chronic comorbidities in the most vulnerable group of patients recovered from acute COVID-19. A clear and evidence-based guideline for treating cardiac issues of long-COVID syndrome is still lacking. In this review, we have summarized the common cardiac symptoms reported in the months after acute COVID-19 illness and further evaluated the possible pathogenic factors underlying the pathophysiology process of long-COVID. The mechanistic understanding of how Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) damages the heart and vasculatures is critical in developing targeted therapy and preventive measures for limiting the viral attacks. Despite the currently available therapeutic interventions, a considerable portion of patients recovered from severe COVID-19 have reported a reduced functional reserve due to deconditioning. Therefore, a rigorous and comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program with individualized exercise protocols would be instrumental for the patients with long-COVID to regain the physical fitness levels comparable to their pre-illness baseline.},
}

@article {pmid39234482,
year = {2024},
author = {Van Name, J and Wu, K and Xi, L},
title = {Myocarditis - A silent killer in athletes: Comparative analysis on the evidence before and after COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Sports medicine and health science},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {232-239},
pmid = {39234482},
issn = {2666-3376},
abstract = {Myocarditis is a rare cardiomyocyte inflammatory process, typically caused by viruses, with potentially devastating cardiac sequalae in both competitive athletes and in the general population. Investigation into myocarditis prevalence in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era suggests that infection with Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is an independent risk factor for myocarditis, which is confirmed mainly through cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Recent studies indicated that athletes have a decreased risk of myocarditis after recent COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. However, given the unique nature of competitive athletics with their frequent participation in high-intensity exercise, athletes possess distinct factors of susceptibility for the development of myocarditis and its subsequent severe cardiac complications (e.g., sudden cardiac death, fulminant heart failure, etc.). Under this context, this review focuses on comparing myocarditis in athletes versus non-athletes, owing special attention to the distinct clinical presentations and outcomes of myocarditis caused by different viral pathogens such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus-6, human immunodeficiency virus, and Parvovirus B19, both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as compared with SARS-CoV-2. By illustrating distinct clinical presentations and outcomes of myocarditis in athletes versus non-athletes, we also highlight the critical importance of early detection, vigilant monitoring, and effective management of viral and non-viral myocarditis in athletes and the necessity for further optimization of the return-to-play guidelines for athletes in the COVID-19 era, in order to minimize the risks for the rare but devastating cardiac fatality.},
}

@article {pmid39234462,
year = {2024},
author = {Kumar, S and Kumar, H and Lahon, J and Saikia, D},
title = {A brief review on the lessons learned from COVID-19 on drug discovery and research.},
journal = {Medicine and pharmacy reports},
volume = {97},
number = {3},
pages = {243-248},
pmid = {39234462},
issn = {2668-0572},
abstract = {COVID-19 pandemic has taught many lessons regarding drug discovery and development. This review covers these aspects of drug discovery and research for COVID-19 which might be used as a tool for future. It summarizes the positives such as progresses in antiviral drug discovery, drug repurposing, adaptations of clinical trial and its regulations, as well as the negative points such as the need to develop more collaboration among stakeholders and future directions. It also discusses the benefits and limitations of finding new indications for existing drugs, and the lessons learned regarding rigorous and robust clinical trials, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling, as well as combination therapy. The pandemic has also revealed some gaps regarding global collaboration and coordination, data sharing and transparency and equitable distribution. Finally, the review enumerates the future directions and implications of drug discovery and research for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases such as preparedness and resilience, interdisciplinary and integrative approaches, diversity and inclusion, and personalized and precision medicine.},
}

@article {pmid39234437,
year = {2024},
author = {Keykha, E and Khodadadifard, L and Moosavi, MS and Fathi, Y and Hajisadeghi, S},
title = {Proposed Mechanisms for the Relationship between Periodontal Diseases and the Severity of Covid-19: Common Pathogens, Inflammatory Mediators, and Risk Factors.},
journal = {Advanced biomedical research},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {28},
pmid = {39234437},
issn = {2277-9175},
abstract = {Periodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with some cytokine involvement, associated with several risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, etc., Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new viral infection, also appears to be related to cytokine storm and similar risk factors. In this review, we intend to evaluate the possible relationship between PD and COVID-19. For data collection, English literature was searched in databases including PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords searched were COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, PD, respiratory Impact of Oral pathogens on respiratory diseases: Epidemiological studies indicated that oral pathogens are related to acute and chronic lung disease, and dental plaque is a likely reservoir for respiratory pathogens. Viral presence in the periodontal pocket: SARS-CoV-2 may be released from infected periodontal cells into periodontal pockets. Common inflammatory mediators: Several studies showed that the serum levels of interleukins (IL)-1, 6, 17, etc., increase in most patients with severe COVID-19. C-reactive protein (CRP) and endothelin 1(ET-1) may also be related to COVID-19 progression, and these mediators also increase in periodontitis. Common risk factors: Due to studies, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, aging, and male sex are the most important risk factors common between PDs and COVID-19 and may affect treatment outcomes and prognosis. PD seems to play a significant role in exacerbating COVID-19 and even affects the mortality rate of disease.},
}

@article {pmid39141839,
year = {2024},
author = {Bray, I and Lerigo-Sampson, M and Morey, Y and Williams, J},
title = {Mental health of social media influencers.},
journal = {Journal of occupational health},
volume = {66},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/joccuh/uiae045},
pmid = {39141839},
issn = {1348-9585},
mesh = {Humans ; *Social Media ; *Mental Health ; *COVID-19/psychology ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {There is a wide body of research on the effects of social media use on mental health, particularly focusing on young people. However, very little is known about the mental health of social media influencers (SMIs), who also tend to be quite young. This is of growing significance as more of our daily lives is conducted online, and in the context of poor population mental health globally, which declined further as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. We therefore set out to review the mental health of SMIs and, in the absence of literature on SMIs, drew on other similar but more traditional occupational groups, such as the self-employed, to draw conclusions and identify directions for future research.},
}

Humans
*Social Media
*Mental Health
*COVID-19/psychology
Adult
SARS-CoV-2
Male
Female

@article {pmid39234046,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, C and Shui, P and Zhang, B and Xu, X and Wang, Z and Wang, B and Yang, J and Xiang, Y and Zhang, J and Ni, H and Hong, Y and Zhang, Z},
title = {How to safeguard the continuous renal replacement therapy circuit: a narrative review.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1442065},
pmid = {39234046},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {The high prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in ICU patients emphasizes the need to understand factors influencing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) circuit lifespan for optimal outcomes. This review examines key pharmacological interventions-citrate (especially in regional citrate anticoagulation), unfractionated heparin (UFH), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and nafamostat mesylate (NM)-and their effects on filter longevity. Citrate shows efficacy with lower bleeding risks, while UFH remains cost-effective, particularly in COVID-19 cases. LMWH is effective but associated with higher bleeding risks. NM is promising for high-bleeding risk scenarios. The review advocates for non-tunneled, non-cuffed temporary catheters, especially bedside-inserted ones, and discusses the advantages of surface-modified dual-lumen catheters. Material composition, such as polysulfone membranes, impacts filter lifespan. The choice of treatment modality, such as Continuous Veno-Venous Hemodialysis (CVVHD) or Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration with Dialysis (CVVHDF), along with the management of effluent volume, blood flow rates, and downtime, are critical in prolonging filter longevity in CRRT. Patient-specific conditions, particularly the type of underlying disease, and the implementation of early mobilization strategies during CRRT are identified as influential factors that can extend the lifespan of CRRT filters. In conclusion, this review offers insights into factors influencing CRRT circuit longevity, supporting evidence-based practices and suggesting further multicenter studies to guide ICU clinical decisions.},
}

@article {pmid39233571,
year = {2024},
author = {Orrock, JL and Ward, PA and McNarry, AF},
title = {Routine Use of Videolaryngoscopy in Airway Management.},
journal = {International anesthesiology clinics},
volume = {62},
number = {4},
pages = {48-58},
doi = {10.1097/AIA.0000000000000450},
pmid = {39233571},
issn = {1537-1913},
mesh = {Humans ; *Laryngoscopy/methods ; *Airway Management/methods ; *Intubation, Intratracheal/methods ; COVID-19 ; Laryngoscopes ; Video Recording ; },
abstract = {Tracheal intubation is a fundamental facet of airway management, for which the importance of achieving success at the first attempt is well recognized. Failure to do so can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if there is inadequate patient oxygenation by alternate means. The evidence supporting the benefits of a videolaryngoscope in attaining this objective is now overwhelming (in adults). This has led to its increasing recognition in international airway management guidelines and its promotion from an occasional airway rescue tool to the first-choice device during routine airway management. However, usage in clinical practice does not currently reflect the increased worldwide availability that followed the upsurge in videolaryngoscope purchasing during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. There are a number of obstacles to widespread adoption, including lack of adequate training, fears over de-skilling at direct laryngoscopy, equipment and cleaning costs, and concerns over the environmental impact, among others. It is now clear that in order for patients to benefit maximally from the technology and for airway managers to fully appreciate its role in everyday practice, proper training and education are necessary. Recent research evidence has addressed some existing barriers to default usage, and the emergence of techniques such as awake videolaryngoscopy and video-assisted flexible (bronchoscopic) intubation has also increased the scope of clinical application. Future studies will likely further confirm the superiority of videolaryngoscopy over direct laryngoscopy, therefore, it is incumbent upon all airway managers (and their teams) to gain expertise in videolaryngoscopy and to use it routinely in their everyday practice..},
}

Humans
*Laryngoscopy/methods
*Airway Management/methods
*Intubation, Intratracheal/methods
COVID-19
Laryngoscopes
Video Recording

@article {pmid39232616,
year = {2024},
author = {Abu Jawdeh, BG and Vikram, HR},
title = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Kidney Transplantation - A 2024 Update.},
journal = {Advances in kidney disease and health},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {458-465},
doi = {10.1053/j.akdh.2024.03.004},
pmid = {39232616},
issn = {2949-8139},
mesh = {Humans ; *Kidney Transplantation ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Telemedicine ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to the death of about 7 million people worldwide. When infected, older individuals and those with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and compromised immune system are at higher risk for unfavorable outcomes. These comorbidities are prevalent in kidney transplant candidates and recipients making them inherently vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, hence, the significant burden the pandemic has exerted on kidney transplant programs. With the swift discovery and wide-scale availability of vaccines and therapeutics against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the pandemic is currently behind us allowing transplant programs to relieve their restrictions and resume normal pre-COVID-19 operations. In the aftermath of the pandemic, we discuss the implications for immunosuppression and vaccination, COVID-19-induced kidney injury phenotypes and long COVID-19 symptoms. We also discuss some of the operational aspects the pandemic brought about - mainly the utilization of telemedicine - that are now here to stay.},
}

Humans
*Kidney Transplantation
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control/immunology
SARS-CoV-2
Telemedicine
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage

@article {pmid39231625,
year = {2024},
author = {Emadzadeh, M and Kabiri, M},
title = {Assessment of the Prophylactic Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics Against COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.},
journal = {Clinical medicine & research},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {97-106},
doi = {10.3121/cmr.2024.1865},
pmid = {39231625},
issn = {1554-6179},
mesh = {Humans ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Synbiotics/administration & dosage ; *Prebiotics/administration & dosage ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; },
abstract = {Background: Although various treatments are developed against COVID-19 variants, probiotic, and synbiotic adjunct therapy with several benefits such as safety, low cost, and availability could be needed for preventing or treating COVID-19 infection.Objective: The present systematic review aimed to assess the prophylactic efficacy of the probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic administration against COVID-19.Methods: The protocol of this systematic review was registered at the PROSPERO (Code number: CRD42023418900). The Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Sciences, and PubMed databases were systematically searched to define the clinical trials published up to November 2022 in the English language. The comparison of the incidence of COVID-19 disease and levels of specific antibodies against SARS-cov2 between the intervention and placebo groups were evaluated in this systematic review.Results: According to the five included trials, four indicated the incidence of COVID-19, and no significant differences were observed between the probiotic and placebo groups during 1, 2, or 3 months of follow-up in the mentioned studies. Regarding the antibody assays against SARS-Cov2 including IgM, IgG, or IgA reported by three eligible trials, there were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups.Conclusion: It seems that the administration of single or multi-strain probiotics or synbiotics had no prophylactic effects in different populations such as high-risk staff exposed to COVID-19, elderly nursing home residents, healthy adults, and household contact with COVID-19 patients during 1-to-3-months of intervention.},
}

Humans
*Probiotics/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*Synbiotics/administration & dosage
*Prebiotics/administration & dosage
*Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology

@article {pmid39231607,
year = {2024},
author = {Sautto, GA and Ross, TM},
title = {Respiratory viruses: Preventive and therapeutic approaches to diverse pathogens.},
journal = {Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine},
volume = {91},
number = {9 suppl 1},
pages = {S4-S10},
doi = {10.3949/ccjm.91.s1.02},
pmid = {39231607},
issn = {1939-2869},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {Viral respiratory diseases affect millions of individuals worldwide each year. Annual vaccinations are recommended by the World Health Organization for some of them, such as influenza and more recently for the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and respiratory syncytial virus, with the goal of reducing disease severity and limiting transmission. In the context of infection and vaccination, it is of primary importance to evaluate the immune response to pathogens to shed light on the mechanisms of protection.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control/virology
SARS-CoV-2
Influenza, Human/prevention & control

@article {pmid39231603,
year = {2024},
author = {Goje, O and Kapoor, A},
title = {Meeting the challenge of vaccine hesitancy.},
journal = {Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine},
volume = {91},
number = {9 suppl 1},
pages = {S50-S56},
doi = {10.3949/ccjm.91.s1.08},
pmid = {39231603},
issn = {1939-2869},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Communication ; Vaccination/psychology ; },
abstract = {Vaccination is a cornerstone of public health, but vaccine hesitancy poses significant challenges as highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing the challenge requires healthcare professionals to effectively counter misinformation. They have a pivotal role in fostering trust and promoting evidence-based vaccine recommendations, with tailored communication strategies and community engagement initiatives. Legislation, policy interventions, research, innovation, and technology are needed to enhance vaccine uptake and ensure equitable access. Integration of vaccination into routine healthcare is paramount for public health protection against emerging infectious threats.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology
*COVID-19 Vaccines
SARS-CoV-2
Communication
Vaccination/psychology

@article {pmid39230281,
year = {2024},
author = {Guo, J and He, J and Liang, Z and Huang, S and Wen, F},
title = {Birds as reservoirs: unraveling the global spread of Gamma- and Deltacoronaviruses.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0232424},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.02324-24},
pmid = {39230281},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Avian migration is a global phenomenon that transcends geographical boundaries. These migratory birds serve as unwitting carriers of diverse Gammacoronaviruses (γ-CoVs) and Deltacoronaviruses (δ-CoVs). While recombination events have been documented among γ-CoVs in avian species and β-CoVs in mammals, evidence for recombination between CoVs of distinct genera remains limited. This minireview examines the prevalence of CoVs in both domestic waterfowl (ducks and geese) and wild bird populations inhabiting various regions. We investigate the dissemination patterns of γ-CoVs and δ-CoVs among these populations, highlighting their shared characteristics. Furthermore, the review explores the intricate web of cross-species transmission of δ-CoVs from wild birds to mammals, with a particular focus on pigs. Understanding the distinct features of CoVs harbored by waterfowl and wild birds and their potential for cross-species transmission is crucial for preparedness and response to future CoV epidemics.},
}

@article {pmid39230194,
year = {2024},
author = {Sharma, S and Goel, S and Goyal, T and Pilania, RK and Aggarwal, R and Kaur, T and Dhaliwal, M and Rawat, A and Singh, S},
title = {Single-cell RNA sequencing: an emerging tool revealing dysregulated innate and adaptive immune response at single cell level in kawasaki disease.},
journal = {Expert review of clinical immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/1744666X.2024.2401105},
pmid = {39230194},
issn = {1744-8409},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Kawasaki disease [KD] is a systemic disorder characterized by acute febrile illness due to widespread medium-vessel vasculitis, mainly affecting children. Despite the ongoing advanced research into the disease pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms, the exact etiopathogenesis of KD is still an enigma. Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing [scRNA-seq], has been utilized to elucidate the pathophysiology of KD at a resolution higher than that of previous methods.

AREA COVERED: In the present article, we re-emphasize the pivotal role of this high-resolution technique, scRNA-seq, in the characterization of immune cell transcriptomic profile and signaling/response pathways in KD and explore the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of this new technique in KD. Using combinations of the search phrases 'KD, scRNA-seq, CAA, childhood vasculitis' a literature search was carried out on Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed until the beginning of 2024.

EXPERT OPINION: scRNA-seq presents a transformative tool for dissecting KD at the cellular level. By revealing rare cell populations, gene expression alterations, and disease-specific pathways, scRNA-seq aids in understanding the intricacies of KD pathogenesis. This review will provide new insights into pathogenesis of KD and the field of applications of single-cell RNA sequencing in personalized therapeutics for KD in the future.},
}

@article {pmid39230125,
year = {2024},
author = {Nogueira, LA and Ribeiro, CO and Silva, LDS and Santos, YHD and Kalinke, LP},
title = {Impact of financial toxicity on adults with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: an integrative review.},
journal = {Revista brasileira de enfermagem},
volume = {77Suppl 1},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {e20240078},
doi = {10.1590/0034-7167-2024-0078},
pmid = {39230125},
issn = {1984-0446},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/economics/epidemiology ; *Neoplasms/complications/psychology ; *Pandemics ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Adult ; Cost of Illness ; Telemedicine/economics ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: to identify the repercussions of financial toxicity on the lives of adult cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: an integrative review was conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases, as well as the Virtual Health Library portal, in March 2023.

RESULTS: out of 62 studies found, 13 were included for analysis. The primary repercussions of financial toxicity included difficulties in covering basic expenses such as food, housing, medication, transportation, and internet access; increased anxiety and concerns related to health and financial situations; reduction or absence of income; challenges in obtaining treatment or accessing healthcare services; rising expenses; and telemedicine as a less burdensome alternative.

CONCLUSIONS: the pandemic has exacerbated financial toxicity; therefore, healthcare teams must recognize it as an adverse event of oncological treatment and understand its potential to affect various aspects of patients' lives.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/economics/epidemiology
*Neoplasms/complications/psychology
*Pandemics
*SARS-CoV-2
Adult
Cost of Illness
Telemedicine/economics

@article {pmid38935292,
year = {2024},
author = {Hüning, S and Werner, M and Susok, L},
title = {[Clinical presentation and treatment of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia].},
journal = {Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany)},
volume = {75},
number = {9},
pages = {733-742},
pmid = {38935292},
issn = {2731-7013},
mesh = {*Neuralgia, Postherpetic/drug therapy/diagnosis/therapy ; Humans ; *Herpes Zoster/diagnosis/drug therapy/therapy ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Herpes Zoster Vaccine/administration & dosage ; Analgesics/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Herpes zoster (HZ) is a common disease caused by reactivation of varicella zoster virus. Diagnosis is usually based on the typical clinical presentation. Standard treatment includes antiviral, topical and analgesic therapies. As a complication, postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) can result from acute HZ infection, particularly in older and/or immunocompromised people. This can seriously impair the quality of life of those affected and requires adequate analgesia. In addition to the genesis, clinical presentation and treatment recommendations for HZ and PHN, this article also deals in particular with the vaccination prophylaxis recommended by the standing vaccination commission of the Robert Koch Institute (STIKO).},
}

*Neuralgia, Postherpetic/drug therapy/diagnosis/therapy
Humans
*Herpes Zoster/diagnosis/drug therapy/therapy
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
Herpes Zoster Vaccine/administration & dosage
Analgesics/therapeutic use

@article {pmid38924809,
year = {2024},
author = {Seitz, R and Gürtler, L and Schramm, W},
title = {COVID-19: A case for plasma derived natural anticoagulants?.},
journal = {Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization},
volume = {87},
number = {},
pages = {101781},
doi = {10.1016/j.biologicals.2024.101781},
pmid = {38924809},
issn = {1095-8320},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/blood ; *Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; Immunization, Passive/methods ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/therapeutic use ; Antithrombin III ; Pregnancy-Associated alpha 2-Macroglobulins ; },
abstract = {Convalescent plasma was proposed for passive immunization against COVID-19; but so far there are conflicting results and still open questions. However, besides antibodies, other plasma proteins may be good candidates for further research and application. Thromboinflammation frequently complicates severe COVID-19, and classical anticoagulants like heparins seem to have limited effect. The natural protease inhibitors antithrombin III (ATIII), α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) and α2-macroglobulin (α2-M), which are found decreased in severe COVD-19, play a crucial role in prothrombotic and inflammatory pathways. While ATIII and α1-AT are licensed as commercially prepared therapeutic concentrates, there is no preparation of α2-M available. The diagnostic, prognostic, and even therapeutic potential of plasma protease inhibitors should be further explored.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/blood
*Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
COVID-19 Serotherapy
Immunization, Passive/methods
alpha 1-Antitrypsin/therapeutic use
Antithrombin III
Pregnancy-Associated alpha 2-Macroglobulins

@article {pmid38772559,
year = {2024},
author = {Abdulbaki, H and Callander, JK and Fastenberg, JH and Russell, MS and Vagefi, MR and Kersten, RC and Loftus, PA},
title = {Transcutaneous Retrobulbar Amphotericin B Injection for Invasive Fungal Sinusitis with Orbital Involvement: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {American journal of rhinology & allergy},
volume = {38},
number = {5},
pages = {339-353},
doi = {10.1177/19458924241254422},
pmid = {38772559},
issn = {1945-8932},
mesh = {Humans ; *Amphotericin B/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *Sinusitis/drug therapy ; *Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *Invasive Fungal Infections/drug therapy/diagnosis ; COVID-19/complications ; Orbital Diseases/drug therapy/etiology/diagnosis ; Mucormycosis/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Rhinitis/drug therapy/microbiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Orbit/pathology ; Administration, Cutaneous ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Orbital involvement of invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is an ominous prognostic marker that should prompt rapid intervention. Transcutaneous retrobulbar administration of amphotericin B (TRAMB) is an off-label adjunctive treatment that can increase drug penetrance into diseased orbital tissue. To date, there is a lack of consensus regarding the use of TRAMB for treatment of IFS with orbital involvement.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to synthesize the indications, efficacy, and potential complications of TRAMB.

METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were probed for systematic review. Article search was conducted through June 2023 using the keywords "invasive fungal sinusitis," "invasive fungal rhinosinusitis," "rhino-orbital mucormycosis," "rhinosinusitis," "orbital," "retrobulbar," and "amphotericin."

RESULTS: In suitable cases as determined by radiologic and clinical evaluation, TRAMB administration has the potential to improve orbital salvage rates and improve versus stabilize visual acuity. Treatment complications are more likely with deoxycholate than with liposomal amphotericin formulations. The existing literature describing use of TRAMB is limited due to its retrospective nature, but the increase in IFS cases since 2020 due to the COVID pandemic has broadened the literature.

CONCLUSIONS: TRAMB is an effective adjunctive treatment in IFS with mild-to-moderate orbital involvement when used in combination with standard of care debridement, systemic antifungal therapy, and immunosuppression reversal. Prospective longitudinal studies and multi-institutional randomized trials are necessary to determine the definitive utility of TRAMB.},
}

Humans
*Amphotericin B/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
*Sinusitis/drug therapy
*Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
*Invasive Fungal Infections/drug therapy/diagnosis
COVID-19/complications
Orbital Diseases/drug therapy/etiology/diagnosis
Mucormycosis/drug therapy/diagnosis
Rhinitis/drug therapy/microbiology
SARS-CoV-2
Orbit/pathology
Administration, Cutaneous

@article {pmid38506971,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, BY and Dang, J and Cho, SM and Harnegie, MP and Uchino, K},
title = {Cerebral Microbleeds in Critically Ill Patients with Respiratory Failure or Sepsis: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Neurocritical care},
volume = {41},
number = {2},
pages = {533-540},
pmid = {38506971},
issn = {1556-0961},
mesh = {Humans ; *Critical Illness ; *Sepsis/complications ; *Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology ; *Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging/complications ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology/diagnostic imaging ; COVID-19/complications ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) have been described in critically ill patients with respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), or sepsis. This scoping review aimed to systematically summarize existing literature on critical illness-associated CMBs.

METHODS: Studies reporting on adults admitted to the intensive care unit for respiratory failure, ARDS, or sepsis with evidence of CMBs on magnetic resonance imaging were included for review following a systematic search across five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, and Web of Science) and a two-stage screening process. Studies were excluded if patients' CMBs were clearly explained by another process of neurological injury.

RESULTS: Forty-eight studies reporting on 216 critically ill patients (mean age 57.9, 18.4% female) with CMBs were included. Of 216, 197 (91.2%) patients developed respiratory failure or ARDS, five (2.3%) patients developed sepsis, and 14 (6.5%) patients developed both respiratory failure and sepsis. Of 211 patients with respiratory failure, 160 (75.8%) patients had coronavirus disease 2019. The prevalence of CMBs among critically ill patients with respiratory failure or ARDS was 30.0% (111 of 370 patients in cohort studies). The corpus callosum and juxtacortical area were the most frequently involved sites for CMBs (64.8% and 41.7% of all 216 patients, respectively). Functional outcomes were only reported in 48 patients, among whom 31 (64.6%) were independent at discharge, four (8.3%) were dependent at discharge, and 13 (27.1%) did not survive until discharge. Cognitive outcomes were only reported in 11 of 216 patients (5.1%), all of whom showed cognitive deficits (nine patients with executive dysfunction and two patients with memory deficits).

CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral microbleeds are commonly reported in patients with critical illness due to respiratory failure, ARDS, or sepsis. CMBs had a predilection for the corpus callosum and juxtacortical area, which may be specific to critical illness-associated CMBs. Functional and cognitive outcomes of these lesions are largely unknown.},
}

Humans
*Critical Illness
*Sepsis/complications
*Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology
*Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging/complications
*Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology/diagnostic imaging
COVID-19/complications

@article {pmid38383215,
year = {2024},
author = {Hill, A and True, JM and Jones, CH},
title = {Transforming drug development with synthetic biology and AI.},
journal = {Trends in biotechnology},
volume = {42},
number = {9},
pages = {1072-1075},
doi = {10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.01.008},
pmid = {38383215},
issn = {1879-3096},
mesh = {*Artificial Intelligence ; *Synthetic Biology/methods/trends ; *Drug Development/methods ; Humans ; COVID-19/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics/drug effects ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has thrust RNA as a platform for drug development into the spotlight. However, identifying promising drug candidates is challenging. With advances in synthetic biology and artificial intelligence (AI) models, we can overcome this hurdle, transforming drug development and ushering in a new era in the pharmaceutical industry.},
}

*Artificial Intelligence
*Synthetic Biology/methods/trends
*Drug Development/methods
Humans
COVID-19/virology
SARS-CoV-2/genetics/drug effects
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Pandemics

@article {pmid39230123,
year = {2024},
author = {França, BD and Silva, KL and Rezende, LC and Lana, FCF and Barbosa, SP},
title = {Educational actions conducted during the pandemic with primary health care professionals: a scoping review.},
journal = {Revista brasileira de enfermagem},
volume = {77Suppl 1},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {e20230352},
doi = {10.1590/0034-7167-2023-0352},
pmid = {39230123},
issn = {1984-0446},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel/psychology/education/statistics & numerical data ; *Primary Health Care ; *Pandemics ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: to map the educational actions conducted with primary health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: a scoping review conducted in August 2023, which covered databases such as CINAHL, Medline, LILACS, IBECS, BDENF, and Web of Science. In total, 32 publications were analyzed through content analysis.

RESULTS: the primary beneficiaries of the educational actions included 69% physicians, 56% nurses, 25% pharmacists, 13% social workers and dentists, 9% psychologists, community health agents, and laboratory professionals, and 6% nursing technicians, nutritionists, and physical educators. The predominant educational interventions were training sessions (mentioned in 19 publications), followed by Continuing Health Education (10 publications) and Continuing Education (three publications).

FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the educational interventions demonstrated positive impacts on professional practice, particularly the Continuing Health Education actions, which were notable for stimulating critical problem-solving among professionals.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Health Personnel/psychology/education/statistics & numerical data
*Primary Health Care
*Pandemics
*SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39230093,
year = {2024},
author = {Tinessia, A and Clark, K and Randell, M and Leask, J and King, C},
title = {Strategies to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in First Nations peoples: a systematic review.},
journal = {Global health action},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {2384497},
doi = {10.1080/16549716.2024.2384497},
pmid = {39230093},
issn = {1654-9880},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Canada ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Australia ; United States ; Indigenous Peoples/psychology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: First Nations peoples face disproportionate vaccine-preventable risks due to social, economic, and healthcare disparities. Additionally, during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was also mistrust and hesitancy about the COVID-19 vaccines among First Nations peoples. These are rooted in factors such as colonial histories, discriminatory medical practices, and unreliable information.

OBJECTIVE: To examine strategies to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among First Nations peoples globally.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted. Searches were undertaken in OVID MEDLINE, OVID EMBASE, OVID PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Informit. Searches were date limited from 2020. Items included in this review provided primary data that discussed strategies used to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in First Nations peoples.

RESULTS: We identified several key strategies across four countries - Australia, the USA, Canada, and Guatemala in seventeen papers. These included understanding communities' needs, collaborating with communities, tailored messaging, addressing underlying systemic traumas and social health gaps, and early logistics planning.

CONCLUSION: The inclusion of First Nations-centred strategies to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is essential to delivering an equitable pandemic response. Implementation of these strategies in the continued effort to vaccinate against COVID-19 and in future pandemics is integral to ensure that First Nations peoples are not disproportionately affected by disease.},
}

Humans
*Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Canada
SARS-CoV-2
Australia
United States
Indigenous Peoples/psychology

@article {pmid39229721,
year = {2024},
author = {Hardy, ST and Fontil, V and Dillon, GH and Shimbo, D},
title = {Achieving Equity in Hypertension: A Review of Current Efforts by the American Heart Association.},
journal = {Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.20533},
pmid = {39229721},
issn = {1524-4563},
abstract = {The purpose of this article is to summarize disparities in blood pressure (BP) by race in the United States, discuss evidence-based strategies to increase equity in BP, review recent American Heart Association BP equity initiatives, and highlight missed opportunities for achieving equity in hypertension. Over 122 million American adults have hypertension, with the highest prevalence among Black Americans. Racial disparities in hypertension and BP control in the United States are estimated to be the single largest contributor to the excess risk for cardiovascular disease among Black versus White adults. Worsening disparities in cardiovascular disease and life expectancy during the COVID-19 pandemic warrant an evaluation of the strategies and opportunities to increase equity in BP in the United States. Racial disparities in hypertension are largely driven by systemic inequities that limit access to quality education, economic opportunities, neighborhoods, and health care. To address these root causes, recent studies have evaluated evidence-based strategies, including community health workers, digital health interventions, team-based care, and mobile health care to enhance access to health education, screenings, and BP care in Black communities. In 2021, the American Heart Association made a $100 million pledge and 10 commitments to support health equity. This commitment included implementing multifaceted interventions with a focus on hypertension as a seminal risk factor contributing to disparities in cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity. The American Heart Association is one organizational example of advocacy for equity in BP. Achieving equity nationwide will require sustained collaboration among individual stakeholders and public, private, and community organizations to address barriers across multiple socioecological levels.},
}

@article {pmid39229491,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Y and Hu, Y and Zhao, R and Wang, Q and Xu, J and Yuan, J and Dong, S and Liu, M and Wu, C and Jiang, R},
title = {Cerebral microbleeds in patients with COVID-19: is there an inevitable connection?.},
journal = {Brain communications},
volume = {6},
number = {5},
pages = {fcae236},
pmid = {39229491},
issn = {2632-1297},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the critical interplay between systemic infections and neurological complications, notably cerebral microbleeds. This comprehensive review meticulously aggregates and analyses current evidence on cerebral microbleeds' prevalence, pathophysiological underpinnings and clinical implications within COVID-19 cohorts. Our findings reveal a pronounced correlation between cerebral microbleeds and increased severity of COVID-19, emphasizing the role of direct viral effects, inflammatory responses and coagulation disturbances. The documented association between cerebral microbleeds and elevated risks of morbidity and mortality necessitates enhanced neurological surveillance in managing COVID-19 patients. Although variability in study methodologies presents challenges, the cumulative evidence substantiates cerebral microbleeds as a critical illness manifestation rather than mere coincidence. This review calls for harmonization in research methodologies to refine our understanding and guide targeted interventions. Prioritizing the detection and study of neurological outcomes, such as cerebral microbleeds, is imperative for bolstering pandemic response strategies and mitigating the long-term neurological impact on survivors.},
}

@article {pmid39229322,
year = {2024},
author = {Chothia, Z and Nkambule, NR and Bhayat, A and Morule, M},
title = {Knowledge and practices of South African oral.},
journal = {Health SA = SA Gesondheid},
volume = {29},
number = {},
pages = {2632},
pmid = {39229322},
issn = {2071-9736},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is a recently discovered virus responsible for causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). No study has been carried out on South African oral healthcare workers (OHCWs) regarding their knowledge and practices with regard to COVID-19 and its vaccine.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of South African OHCWs regarding COVID-19 and its vaccine.

METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study, which utilised an online questionnaire. The link to the questionnaire was sent via email and social media platforms. There was a total of 8056 OHCWs, and a minimum sample size of 367 was required. All information was confidential and anonymous.

RESULTS: A total of 327 OHCWs participated with a mean age of 43 years (±12.23) and the majority (60%) being general dentists. Less than half (42%) had obtained additional postgraduate qualifications while 57% were employed in the private and 24% in the academic sectors. Almost two-thirds (60%) obtained a 'good' knowledge score. Overall, OHCWs displayed positive attitudes towards COVID-19 and the majority implemented appropriate infection control protocols at their place of work. The majority (87%) reported to be vaccinated and of those who did not vaccinate, 34% cited concerns about possible side effects as a reason for not vaccinating.

CONCLUSION: Respondents displayed gaps in their knowledge. There was a positive attitude towards the prevention of COVID-19, and almost all participants reported to have implemented the necessary infection control methods.

CONTRIBUTIONS: This study's contribution to research was to identify gaps in the knowledge and practices of OHCWs with regards to COVID 19 and its vaccine. Once these gaps have been identified, measures will be put in place to address them.},
}

@article {pmid39229280,
year = {2024},
author = {Sablone, S and Bellino, M and Lagona, V and Franco, TP and Groicher, M and Risola, R and Violante, MG and Grattagliano, I},
title = {Telepsychology revolution in the mental health care delivery: a global overview of emerging clinical and legal issues.},
journal = {Forensic sciences research},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {owae008},
pmid = {39229280},
issn = {2471-1411},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, remote healthcare delivery by technological devices has become a growing practice. It represented an unprecedented change in personal and professional activities, allowing health specialists to continue working online by assisting their patients from home. Psychological practice greatly benefited from this innovation, guaranteeing diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness through cyber counseling. However, in many countries there have been no enactments of specific laws nor adaptations of the professional deontological code aimed at regulating this new psychological practice dimension, generally defined as telepsychology. This article aims to briefly review the scientific literature on this tool's effectiveness and especially analyze the legal and operational framework in which telepsychology has been to date practiced in Italy and other national realities, thus providing a global overview that may be useful to understand how to improve this valuable but still immature practice.

KEY POINTS: The coronavirus pandemic exposed to short- and long-term increase in psychological and psychiatric imbalances.Cyber counseling has been proven to be effective to treat a wide range of psychological disorders.Many of the current national and international legislations concerning the telepsychology practice are still immature. Ad hoc legal frameworks are required for each national context to guarantee a safe and effective cyber counseling delivery.},
}

@article {pmid39228593,
year = {2024},
author = {Mondal, R},
title = {Role of augmented reality and virtual reality from the Indian healthcare education perspective - A systematic review.},
journal = {Journal of family medicine and primary care},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {2841-2850},
pmid = {39228593},
issn = {2249-4863},
abstract = {Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR), are upcoming technologies with considerable potential to revolutionizing healthcare education, enhancing patient safety, and improving healthcare quality particularly in the Indian context. This review is conducted to view the current scenario of Indian context considering the impact of COVID-19. The current systematic review study was done following PRISMA 2020 guidelines using the key terms "Augmented Reality," "Virtual Reality," "Healthcare," and "India." Only the PubMed database was selected based on its reputation and authenticity, which is the only limitation of this study and strength. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used for synthesis of results. In Indian context, 12 (1.7%) and 36 (2.2%) articles related to AR and VR were found, respectively. Six abstracts could not be retrieved, and after screening abstracts, three were found not suitable in VR and eight were found duplicate. A total of 30 articles were considered for this review. 18 (50%) were original, 12 (33.3%) were review, and 6 (16.7%) were other articles. 03 (8.3%), 21 (58.3%), and 12 (33.3%) articles were related to AR, VR, and both AR and VR, respectively. Considering the single database search and six unretrievable abstract, AR, VR, mixed reality (MR), soft e-skin, and extended reality (XR) technologies have the potential to revolutionize healthcare education and training, reducing real-life errors and improving patient safety. Although the Indian healthcare sector only contributes 1.7-2.2% to PubMed publications related to AR and VR.. The review was not registered.},
}

@article {pmid39228544,
year = {2024},
author = {Sharma, A and Sharma, S},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the elderly in the United Kingdom: A review study.},
journal = {Journal of family medicine and primary care},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {2826-2833},
pmid = {39228544},
issn = {2249-4863},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly altered the lives and lifestyles of several older populations in the United Kingdom. It was important to note how it has affected their physical, mental, and social health and well-being during the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. To study the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the imposed restrictions on the day-to-day lives of the elderly population in the United Kingdom. A review of the published literature on the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic and its consequences on the older population in the United Kingdom is done. Search engines used for medical databases were Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Internet Explorer. It was found that physical as well as mental well-being was affected in the elderly citizens of the United Kingdom. Mental health studies noted an obvious increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms. Social isolation and reduced access to healthcare services had a deteriorating impact on their social health. Covid-19-related lockdown and pandemic-associated physical, mental, and social well-being effects have been evident in the elderly population in the United Kingdom. The reasons identified for such findings are lack of physical activity, poor social interactions, social isolation, the perceived threat of a pandemic, and poor access to healthcare facilities.},
}

@article {pmid39228450,
year = {2024},
author = {Nafari, A and Shojaei, S and Khoshnood, RJ and Ghajarzadeh, M and Tafreshinejad, A and Safari, S and Mirmosayyeb, O},
title = {Myasthenia Gravis and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.},
journal = {Basic and clinical neuroscience},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {175-184},
pmid = {39228450},
issn = {2008-126X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction, exhibits varying rates of COVID-19 infection across different studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the pooled prevalence of COVID-19 infection in individuals with MG.

METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and gray literature, including references to the research published before October 2021. The total number of participants, the first author, the publication year, the country of origin, the number of MG patients, their symptoms, hospitalization rates, and deaths were all extracted as study data.

RESULTS: Our literature search yielded 253 articles, of which 75 remained after removing duplicates. Finally, 18 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of COVID-19 infection in MG cases was found to be 2% (95% CI, 1%, 3%; I[2]=85%, P<0.001). Additionally, the pooled prevalence of hospitalization among those with COVID-19 infection was 43% (95% CI, 26%, 60%; I[2]=97.6%; P<0.001), and the pooled prevalence of MG exacerbation was 33% (95% CI, 20%, 46%; I[2]=92.6%; P<0.001).

CONCLUSION: In summary, this systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that the pooled prevalence of COVID-19 infection in individuals with MG is 2%.},
}

@article {pmid39228288,
year = {2024},
author = {Viñán Garcés, AE and Cáceres, E and Gómez, JO and Martín-Loeches, I and Reyes, LF},
title = {Inflammatory response to sars-CoV 2 and other respiratory viruses.},
journal = {Expert review of anti-infective therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14787210.2024.2400548},
pmid = {39228288},
issn = {1744-8336},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) remain a significant global cause of mortality and disability. Viruses constitute a substantial proportion of LRTI cases, with their pandemic potential posing a latent threat. After the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the resurgence of other respiratory viruses, including Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus responsible for LRTI has been observed especially in susceptible populations.

AREAS COVERED: This review details the inflammatory mechanisms associated with three primary respiratory viruses: SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). The focus will be on elucidating the activation of inflammatory pathways, understanding cellular contributions to inflammation, exploring the role of interferon and induced cell death in the response to these pathogens and detailing viral evasion mechanisms. Furthermore, the distinctive characteristics of each virus will be explained.

EXPERT OPINION: The study of viral pneumonia, notably concerning SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and RSV, offers critical insights into infectious and inflammatory mechanisms with wide-ranging implications. Addressing current limitations, such as diagnostic accuracy and understanding host-virus interactions, requires collaborative efforts and investment in technology. Future research holds promise for uncovering novel therapeutic targets, exploring host microbiome roles, and addressing long-term sequelae. Integrating advances in molecular biology and technology will shape the evolving landscape of viral pneumonia research, potentially enhancing global public health outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid39228188,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, DY and Park, TH and Cho, YJ and Park, JM and Lee, K and Lee, M and Lee, J and Bae, SY and Hong, DY and Jung, H and Ko, E and Guk, HS and Kim, BJ and Kim, JY and Kang, J and Han, MK and Park, SS and Hong, KS and Park, HK and Lee, JY and Lee, BC and Yu, KH and Oh, MS and Kim, DE and Gwak, DS and Lee, SJ and Kim, JG and Lee, J and Kwon, DH and Cha, JK and Kim, DH and Kim, JT and Choi, KH and Kim, H and Choi, JC and Kim, JG and Kang, CH and Sohn, SI and Hong, JH and Park, H and Lee, SH and Kim, C and Shin, DI and Yum, KS and Kang, K and Park, KY and Jeong, HB and Park, CY and Lee, KJ and Kwon, JH and Kim, WJ and Lee, JS and Bae, HJ and , },
title = {Contemporary Statistics of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in 2021: Insights From the CRCS-K-NIH Registry.},
journal = {Journal of Korean medical science},
volume = {39},
number = {34},
pages = {e278},
doi = {10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e278},
pmid = {39228188},
issn = {1598-6357},
support = {2023-ER-1006-01/KNIH/Korea National Institute of Health/Korea ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Registries ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Female ; *Ischemic Attack, Transient/epidemiology ; *Ischemic Stroke/epidemiology ; Male ; Aged ; Risk Factors ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology/drug therapy/complications ; Middle Aged ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; Incidence ; Stroke/epidemiology ; Aged, 80 and over ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hypertension/epidemiology/complications ; Prevalence ; },
abstract = {This report presents the latest statistics on the stroke population in South Korea, sourced from the Clinical Research Collaborations for Stroke in Korea-National Institute for Health (CRCS-K-NIH), a comprehensive, nationwide, multicenter stroke registry. The Korean cohort, unlike western populations, shows a male-to-female ratio of 1.5, attributed to lower risk factors in Korean women. The average ages for men and women are 67 and 73 years, respectively. Hypertension is the most common risk factor (67%), consistent with global trends, but there is a higher prevalence of diabetes (35%) and smoking (21%). The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (19%) is lower than in western populations, suggesting effective prevention strategies in the general population. A high incidence of large artery atherosclerosis (38%) is observed, likely due to prevalent intracranial arterial disease in East Asians and advanced imaging techniques. There has been a decrease in intravenous thrombolysis rates, from 12% in 2017-2019 to 10% in 2021, with no improvements in door-to-needle and door-to-puncture times, worsened by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. While the use of aspirin plus clopidogrel for non-cardioembolic stroke and direct oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation is well-established, the application of direct oral anticoagulants for non-atrial fibrillation cardioembolic strokes in the acute phase requires further research. The incidence of early neurological deterioration (13%) and the cumulative incidence of recurrent stroke at 3 months (3%) align with global figures. Favorable outcomes at 3 months (63%) are comparable internationally, yet the lack of improvement in dependency at 3 months highlights the need for advancements in acute stroke care.},
}

Humans
*Registries
Republic of Korea/epidemiology
Female
*Ischemic Attack, Transient/epidemiology
*Ischemic Stroke/epidemiology
Male
Aged
Risk Factors
COVID-19/epidemiology
Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology/drug therapy/complications
Middle Aged
Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
Incidence
Stroke/epidemiology
Aged, 80 and over
SARS-CoV-2
Hypertension/epidemiology/complications
Prevalence

@article {pmid39228083,
year = {2024},
author = {Grant, R and Rubin, M and Abbas, M and Pittet, D and Srinivasan, A and Jernigan, JA and Bell, M and Samore, M and Harbarth, S and Slayton, RB and , },
title = {Expanding the use of mathematical modeling in healthcare epidemiology and infection prevention and control.},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2024.97},
pmid = {39228083},
issn = {1559-6834},
abstract = {During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, mathematical modeling has been widely used to understand epidemiological burden, trends, and transmission dynamics, to facilitate policy decisions, and, to a lesser extent, to evaluate infection prevention and control (IPC) measures. This review highlights the added value of using conventional epidemiology and modeling approaches to address the complexity of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial resistance. It demonstrates how epidemiological surveillance data and modeling can be used to infer transmission dynamics in healthcare settings and to forecast healthcare impact, how modeling can be used to improve the validity of interpretation of epidemiological surveillance data, how modeling can be used to estimate the impact of IPC interventions, and how modeling can be used to guide IPC and antimicrobial treatment and stewardship decision-making. There are several priority areas for expanding the use of modeling in healthcare epidemiology and IPC. Importantly, modeling should be viewed as complementary to conventional healthcare epidemiological approaches, and this requires collaboration and active coordination between IPC, healthcare epidemiology, and mathematical modeling groups.},
}

@article {pmid39226801,
year = {2024},
author = {Mohammadi, M and Asvar, Z and Solhjoo, SP and Sarikhanikhorrami, M and Abadi, HG and Ghazizadeh, S and Mahmoodi, H and Habibolah, NK and Moradi, O and Kesharwani, P and Amani, AM and Sahebkar, A},
title = {COVID-19 diagnosis on the basis of nanobiosensors' prompt interactivity: A holistic review.},
journal = {Pathology, research and practice},
volume = {262},
number = {},
pages = {155565},
doi = {10.1016/j.prp.2024.155565},
pmid = {39226801},
issn = {1618-0631},
abstract = {The fast spread and severe consequences of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have once again underscored the critical necessity of early detection of viral infections. Several serology-based techniques, including as point-of-care assays and high-throughput enzyme immunoassays that support the diagnosis of COVID-19 are utilized in the detection and identification of coronaviruses. A rapid, precise, simple, affordable, and adaptable diagnostic tool is required for controlling COVID-19 as well as for outbreak management, since the calculation and monitoring of viral loads are crucial for predicting the infection stage and recovery time. Nowadays, the most popular method for diagnosing COVID-19 is reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, and chest computed tomography (CT) scans are also used to determine the disease's phases. This is all because of the fact that RT-PCR method caries with itself a number of downsides comprising of being immovable, expensive, and laborious. RT-PCR has not well proven to be capable of detection on the very early infection stages. Nanomaterial-based diagnostics, together with traditional clinical procedures, have a lot of promise against COVID-19. It is worthy of attention that nanotechnology has the mainstay capacity for purposes of developing even more modern stratagems fighting COVID-19 by means of focusing on state-of-the-art diagnostics. What we have centered on in this review, is bringing out even more efficient detection techniques whereby nanobiosensors are employed so that we might obstruct any further development and spreading of SARS-CoV-2.},
}

@article {pmid39225901,
year = {2024},
author = {Athira, AP and Sreekanth, S and Chandran, A and Lahon, A},
title = {Dual Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Orchestrators of Emerging and Reemerging Virus Infections.},
journal = {Cell biochemistry and biophysics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39225901},
issn = {1559-0283},
abstract = {Current decade witnessed the emergence and re-emergence of many viruses, which affected public health significantly. Viruses mainly utilize host cell machinery to promote its growth, and spread of these diseases. Numerous factors influence virus-host cell interactions, of which extracellular vesicles play an important role, where they transfer information both locally and distally by enclosing viral and host-derived proteins and RNAs as their cargo. Thus, they play a dual role in mediating virus infections by promoting virus dissemination and evoking immune responses in host organisms. Moreover, it acts as a double-edged sword during these infections. Advances in extracellular vesicles regulating emerging and reemerging virus infections, particularly in the context of SARS-CoV-2, Dengue, Ebola, Zika, Chikungunya, West Nile, and Japanese Encephalitis viruses are discussed in this review.},
}

@article {pmid39225797,
year = {2024},
author = {Domingo, JL},
title = {A review of the scientific literature on experimental toxicity studies of COVID-19 vaccines, with special attention to publications in toxicology journals.},
journal = {Archives of toxicology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39225797},
issn = {1432-0738},
abstract = {Since the reports of the first cases of COVID-19, in less than 5 years, a huge number of documents regarding that disease and the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the infection, have been published. The tremendous number of scientific documents covers many topics on different issues directly related to COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. The number of articles-including reviews-reporting adverse/side effects of the approved COVID-19 vaccines is considerable. A wide range of adverse/side effects have been reported in humans after COVID-19 vaccination: thrombotic events/thrombocytopenia, myocarditis/pericarditis, cutaneous reactions, immune-mediated effects, psychiatric adverse events, systemic lupus erythematosus, reproductive toxicity, and other miscellaneous adverse effects. In contrast, information on nonclinical studies conducted to assess the potential toxicity/adverse effects of the COVID-19 vaccines in laboratory animals, is comparatively very scarce. The present review was aimed at revising the scientific literature regarding the studies in laboratory animals on the toxic/adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccines. In addition, the investigations reported in those specific toxicology journals with the highest impact factors have been examined one by one. The results of the present review indicate that most nonclinical/experimental studies on the adverse/toxic effects of the COVID-19 vaccines and/or potential candidates showed-in general terms-a good safety profile. Only in some animal studies were certain adverse effects found. However, a rather surprising result has been the limited number of available (in the databases PubMed and Scopus) nonclinical studies performed by the companies that have been the largest manufacturers of mRNA vaccines in the world. It is assumed that these studies have been conducted. However, they have not been published in scientific journals, which does not allow the judgment of the international scientific community, including toxicologists.},
}

@article {pmid39225763,
year = {2024},
author = {Qi, L and Deep, A and Fox, J and Yii, M and Rahman, M and Myint, M and Myat, H and Thet, Z},
title = {A scoping review on adult patients with de novo glomerular diseases following COVID-19 infection or vaccine.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39225763},
issn = {1573-2584},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There are increasing reports of glomerular disease (GD) following COVID-19 infection and vaccination. Current evidence on the possible link between COVID-19 infection or vaccination and GD is conflicting.

OBJECTIVE: The present study undertakes a scoping review of research to describe the relationship between COVID-19 infection and vaccination with GD and the common management strategies and overall outcomes of the disease to identify knowledge gaps and guide further research.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: All original research studies published in English until 5th September 2022 were considered for inclusion in the review. Exclusion criteria were animal studies, autopsy studies, and data involving patients who were paediatric patients (< 16 years), were transplant recipients, had a recurrence of glomerular disease, had concomitant cancer or non-COVID-19 infection which may cause glomerular disease, or did not receive a renal biopsy.

SOURCES OF EVIDENCE: The five electronic databases searched were MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane.

METHODS: Two separate search strings related to COVID-19, and glomerular disease were combined using the Boolean operator 'AND'. Filters were used to limit publications to original research studies published in English. Search results from each database were imported into Covidence software (www.covidence.org) and used for de-duplication, article screening, and data extraction. Descriptive analyses were used to summarise demographics, diagnoses, and treatment outcomes.

RESULTS: After removing duplicates, 6853 titles and abstracts were screened. Of the 188 studies included, 106 studies described 341 patients with GD following COVID-19 infection and 82 described 146 patients with GD following a COVID-19 vaccination. IgA nephropathy was the most common GD pathology reported following COVID-19 vaccination with GD most common following mRNA vaccines. Collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis was the most common GD following COVID-19 infection. Immunosuppressive treatment of GD was more common in the vaccine cohort than in the infection cohort.

CONCLUSION: Despite the significant number of COVID-19 infections and vaccinations around the world, our understanding of GD associated with COVID-19 infection and vaccination remains poor, and more research is needed to understand the possible relationship better.},
}

@article {pmid39224893,
year = {2024},
author = {Abuhammad, A and Albandak, M and Ayyad, M and Refayeh, E and Qawasma, B and Hour, S and Abu Thraiee, Y and Sowaity, ZA and Dukmak, O and Jobran, AWM and Alamleh, L},
title = {COVID-19 vaccine-associated vasculitis: A systematic review.},
journal = {SAGE open medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {20503121241261165},
pmid = {39224893},
issn = {2050-3121},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Post-COVID-19 vaccine-associated vasculitis stands as one of the most serious side effects attributed to COVID-19 vaccines. This complication encompasses diverse manifestations which vary in presentation and severity. Moreover, it can impact patients across all age groups, with a notably elevated incidence in the elderly. This systematic review seeks to review and evaluate the spectrum of vasculitis manifestations linked to COVID-19 vaccination.

METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was done by searching through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus up to October 2022. Articles including data about sex, age at diagnosis, vasculitis clinical manifestations, type of vaccination, most commonly used investigations, comorbid medical conditions, treatments, and clinical outcomes were included in the final analysis. Furthermore, vasculitis flare-ups post-vaccination were considered part of this review.

RESULTS: A total number of 117 studies describing 158 patients developing vasculitis following COVID-19 vaccination were included in the final analysis. Among the patients who developed vasculitis, the most administered type of vaccination was the mRNA vaccine subtype (n = 103), followed by the viral vector vaccines (n = 42) and inactivated viral vaccines (n = 10). On the other hand, about 38% of vasculitis-related symptoms occurred after the administration of the first dose of the vaccine and 37% occurred after taking the second dose. The skin (60.7%) and the kidneys (27.8%) were the most affected organs and complete remission was achieved in 111 patients (70%), while partial remission occurred in 11% of the patient population.

CONCLUSION: COVID-19 vaccine-induced vasculitis is a rare occurrence associated with COVID-19 vaccines. It generally presents a favorable prognosis and outcomes for the vast majority of patients, ultimately leading to full remission within days. This review emphasizes the notion that the advantages of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh the potential risks, particularly for individuals with compromised immune systems.},
}

@article {pmid39224588,
year = {2024},
author = {Mazzuca, C and Vitiello, L and Travaglini, S and Maurizi, F and Finamore, P and Santangelo, S and Rigon, A and Vadacca, M and Angeletti, S and Scarlata, S},
title = {Immunological and homeostatic pathways of alpha -1 antitrypsin: a new therapeutic potential.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1443297},
pmid = {39224588},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *alpha 1-Antitrypsin/immunology/therapeutic use/metabolism ; *Homeostasis ; Animals ; Immunity, Innate ; Adaptive Immunity ; },
abstract = {α -1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a 52 kDa acute-phase glycoprotein belonging to the serine protease inhibitor superfamily (SERPIN). It is primarily synthesized by hepatocytes and to a lesser extent by monocytes, macrophages, intestinal epithelial cells, and bronchial epithelial cells. A1AT is encoded by SERPINA1 locus, also known as PI locus, highly polymorphic with at least 100 allelic variants described and responsible for different A1AT serum levels and function. A1AT inhibits a variety of serine proteinases, but its main target is represented by Neutrophil Elastase (NE). However, recent attention has been directed towards its immune-regulatory and homeostatic activities. A1AT exerts immune-regulatory effects on different cell types involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Additionally, it plays a role in metal and lipid metabolism, contributing to homeostasis. An adequate comprehension of these mechanisms could support the use of A1AT augmentation therapy in many disorders characterized by a chronic immune response. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date understanding of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways responsible for immune-regulatory and homeostatic activities of A1AT. This knowledge aims to support the use of A1AT in therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the application of A1AT in clinical and laboratory settings human and animal models.},
}

Humans
*alpha 1-Antitrypsin/immunology/therapeutic use/metabolism
*Homeostasis
Animals
Immunity, Innate
Adaptive Immunity

@article {pmid39121741,
year = {2024},
author = {Shawky, AM and Almalki, FA and Alzahrani, HA and Abdalla, AN and Youssif, BGM and Ibrahim, NA and Gamal, M and El-Sherief, HAM and Abdel-Fattah, MM and Hefny, AA and Abdelazeem, AH and Gouda, AM},
title = {Covalent small-molecule inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro: Insights into their design, classification, biological activity, and binding interactions.},
journal = {European journal of medicinal chemistry},
volume = {277},
number = {},
pages = {116704},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116704},
pmid = {39121741},
issn = {1768-3254},
abstract = {Since 2020, many compounds have been investigated for their potential use in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among these agents, a huge number of natural products and FDA-approved drugs have been evaluated as potential therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 using virtual screening and docking studies. However, the identification of the molecular targets involved in viral replication led to the development of rationally designed anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. Among these targets, the main protease (Mpro) is one of the key enzymes needed in the replication of the virus. The data gleaned from the crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro complexes with small-molecule covalent inhibitors has been used in the design and discovery of many highly potent and broad-spectrum Mpro inhibitors. The current review focuses mainly on the covalent type of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. The design, chemistry, and classification of these inhibitors were also in focus. The biological activity of these inhibitors, including their inhibitory activities against Mpro, their antiviral activities, and the SAR studies, were discussed. The review also describes the potential mechanism of the interaction between these inhibitors and the catalytic Cys145 residue in Mpro. Moreover, the binding modes and key binding interactions of these covalent inhibitors were also illustrated. The covalent inhibitors discussed in this review were of diverse chemical nature and origin. Their antiviral activity was mediated mainly by the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, with IC50 values in the micromolar to the nanomolar range. Many of these inhibitors exhibited broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against the Mpro enzymes of other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV). The dual inhibition of the Mpro and PLpro enzymes of SARS-CoV-2 could also provide higher therapeutic benefits than Mpro inhibition. Despite the approval of nirmatrelvir by the FDA, many mutations in the Mpro enzyme of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported. Although some of these mutations did not affect the potency of nirmatrelvir, there is an urgent need to develop a second generation of Mpro inhibitors. We hope that the data summarized in this review could help researchers in the design of a new potent generation of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors.},
}

@article {pmid39013375,
year = {2024},
author = {Sadiq, S and Kajani, UA and Travers, AR and Hopkins, DR and Richards, F and Ijaz, K},
title = {Evaluation of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication: A Review of Past Deliberations.},
journal = {The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene},
volume = {111},
number = {3_Suppl},
pages = {5-11},
doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.23-0885},
pmid = {39013375},
issn = {1476-1645},
mesh = {Humans ; *Advisory Committees ; *Disease Eradication/methods ; Neglected Diseases/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Global Health ; Elephantiasis, Filarial/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Malaria/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Trypanosomiasis, African/prevention & control/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {The International Task Force for Disease Eradication (ITFDE) was formed at The Carter Center in 1988. Its primary purpose is to review activities and provide recommendations related to programs focused on eradication. The ITFDE also considers opportunities for disease elimination and improved control. Over the last two decades, the ITFDE has held 33 meetings, discussed 22 diseases, and made 244 recommendations. This report aims to analyze the patterns in recommendations made by the ITFDE between 2001 and 2022 and assess the ITFDE's role, impacts, and successes in advancing elimination and eradication efforts for selected diseases. Using a thematic analysis, recommendation categories were crafted, followed by a scoping review to determine evidence of implementation for each recommendation. Categories of recommendations included research (24%), leadership (20%), medical (17%), advocacy (11%), collaboration (13%), development (8%), and financial (8%). We determined that 123 (50.4%) ITFDE recommendations were implemented in some form. Notably, the ITFDE has helped raise the profile of neglected tropical diseases. Four salient outcomes include 1) the identification of the potential eradicability of lymphatic filariasis (1993), 2) the recognition of the critical need for improved treatments of human African trypanosomiasis (2002), 3) a recommendation for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis and malaria from Hispaniola (2006), and 4) recommendations for effective and safe ways to avoid disruption of elimination and eradication programs during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020). This review of the ITFDE will help to devise new approaches to monitor its impact in the future.},
}

Humans
*Advisory Committees
*Disease Eradication/methods
Neglected Diseases/prevention & control/epidemiology
Global Health
Elephantiasis, Filarial/prevention & control/epidemiology
Malaria/prevention & control/epidemiology
Trypanosomiasis, African/prevention & control/epidemiology

@article {pmid37582193,
year = {2024},
author = {Binda, DD and Logan, CM and Rosales, V and Nozari, A and Rendon, LF},
title = {Targeted Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest in COVID-19 Patients.},
journal = {Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {130-143},
doi = {10.1089/ther.2023.0033},
pmid = {37582193},
issn = {2153-7933},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/complications/mortality/physiopathology ; *Hypothermia, Induced/methods ; *Heart Arrest/therapy/mortality ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {There is a paucity of evidence regarding the utility of targeted temperature management (TTM) in COVID-19 patients who suffer cardiac arrest. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to use the available data of how temperature predicts outcomes in COVID-19 patients and the association between active cooling and outcomes in non-COVID-19 cardiac arrest patients to give recommendations for the utility of TTM in COVID-19 survivors of cardiac arrest. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were queried in August 2022 for two separate searches: (1) temperature as a predictor of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 and (2) active cooling after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in non-COVID-19. Forest plots were generated to summarize the results. Of the 4209 abstracts screened, none assessed the target population of TTM in COVID-19 victims of cardiac arrest. One retrospective cohort study evaluated hyperthermia in critically ill COVID-19 patients, two retrospective cohort studies evaluated hypothermia in septic COVID-19 patients, and 20 randomized controlled trials evaluated active cooling in non-COVID-19 patients after ROSC. Risk of death was higher in COVID-19 patients who presented with hyperthermia (risk ratio [RR] = 1.87) or hypothermia (RR = 1.77; p < 0.001). In non-COVID-19 victims of cardiac arrest, there was no significant difference in mortality (RR = 0.94; p = 0.098) or favorable neurological outcome (RR = 1.05; p = 0.41) with active cooling after ROSC. Further studies are needed to evaluate TTM in COVID-19 victims of cardiac arrest. However, given the available evidence that hyperthermia or hypothermia in COVID-19 patients is associated with increased mortality as well as our findings suggesting limited utility for active cooling in non-COVID-19 cardiac arrest patients, we posit that TTM to normothermia (core body temperature ∼37°C) would most likely be optimal for the best outcomes in COVID-19 survivors of cardiac arrest.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/complications/mortality/physiopathology
*Hypothermia, Induced/methods
*Heart Arrest/therapy/mortality
SARS-CoV-2
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid39228925,
year = {2021},
author = {Dimiati, H and Umara, DA and Naufal, I},
title = {Covid-19-induced pulmonary hypertension in children, and the use of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors.},
journal = {F1000Research},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {792},
pmid = {39228925},
issn = {2046-1402},
abstract = {Respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and was declared as a pandemic by WHO. The interaction between the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children is not widely known. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDEI), one class of drugs used to treat PH, including sildenafil, can suppress angiotensin type I (AT-1) receptor expression. Furthermore, it reduces proinflammatory cytokines and infiltrates the alveolar, inhibits endothelial and smooth muscle transition, mesenchymal cells in the pulmonary artery, and prevents clotting and thrombosis complications. Sildenafil has shown positive effects by diverting the blood flow to the lungs in such a way that ventilation is adequate and can also be anti-inflammatory.},
}

@article {pmid39224473,
year = {2024},
author = {Shaban, EE and Yigit, Y and Elgassim, M and Shaban, A and Shaban, A and Ameen, A and Abdurabu, M and Zaki, HA},
title = {Comparative Clinical Assessment and Risk Stratification of COVID-19 and Influenza Infections in Adults and Children: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Bulletin of emergency and trauma},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {47-57},
pmid = {39224473},
issn = {2322-2522},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the clinical risks and outcomes of COVID-19 and influenza.

METHODS: The search for relevant articles was conducted using both a database search method and a manual search, which involved searching through the reference lists of articles related to the topic for additional studies. The Quality assessment was carried out using the Newcastle Ottawa tool, and the data analysis was conducted using the Review Manager Software (RevMan 5.4.1).

RESULTS: The meta-analysis results indicated that COVID-19 patients had similar lengths of hospital stays (SMD: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.60-0.11; p=0.17). However, COVID-19 patients had significantly higher mortality rates (RR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.21-0.37; p<0.0001), in-hospital complications (RR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.50-0.65; p<0.00001), intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.37-0.61; p<0.00001), length of ICU stay (SMD: -0.45; 95% CI: -0.83-0.06; p=0.02), and mechanical ventilation use (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.28-0.46; p<0.00001).

CONCLUSION: The findings suggested that COVID-19 was more severe than influenza. Therefore, "flu-like" symptoms should not be dismissed without a clear diagnosis, especially during the winter when influenza is more prevalent.},
}

@article {pmid39224364,
year = {2024},
author = {Al-Sharify, NT and Nser, HY and Ghaeb, NH and Al-Sharify, ZT and See, OH and Weng, LY and Ahmed, SM},
title = {Influence of different parameters on the corneal asphericity (Q value) assessed with progress in biomedical optics and imaging - A review.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {16},
pages = {e35924},
pmid = {39224364},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {The corneal eye diseases such as Keratoconus cause weakening of the cornea, with this disease the cornea can change in shape. This condition affects between 1 in 3,000 to 1 in 10,000 people. The main reason for the development of such conditions is unknown and can have significant impacts. Over the last decade, with advancements in computerized corneal topography assessments, researchers have increasingly expressed interest in corneal topography for research as well as clinical activities. Up till now, several aspheric numerical models have been developed as well as proposed to define the complex shape of the cornea. A commonly used term for characterizing the asphericity in an eye is the Q value, a common indicator of the aspherical degree of the cornea. It is one of the critical parameters in the mathematical description model of the cornea as it represents the cornea's shape and the eye's characteristics. Due to the utmost importance of this Q value of the cornea, a couple of studies have attempted to explore this parameter and its distribution, merely in terms of its influence on the human eye's optical properties. The corneal Q value is an important factor that needs to be determined to treat for any refractive errors as corneal degeneration are disease that can lead to potential problems with the structure of the cornea. This study aims to highlight the need to understand Q value of the cornea as this can essentially assist with personalising corneal refractive surgeries and implantation of intraocular lenses. Therefore, the relevance of corneal Q value must be studied in association with different patients, especially ones who have been diagnosed with cataracts, brain tumours, or even COVID-19. To address this issue, this paper first carries out a literature review on the optics of the cornea, the relevance of corneal Q value in ophthalmic practice and studies corneal degenerations and its causes. Thereafter, a detailed review of several noteworthy relevant research studies examining the Q value of the cornea is performed. To do so, an elaborate database is created, which presents a list of different research works examined in this study and provides key evidence derived from these studies. This includes listing details on the age, gender, ethnicity of the eyes assessed, the control variables, the technology used in the study, and even more. The database also delivers important findings and conclusions noted in each study assessed. Next, this paper analyses and discusses the magnitude of corneal Q value in various scenarios and the influence of different parameters on corneal Q value. To design visual optical products as well as to enhance the understanding of the optical properties of an eye, future studies could consider the database and work presented in this study as useful references. In addition, the work can be used to make informed decisions in clinical practice for designing visual optical products as well as to enhance the understanding of the optical properties of an Eye.},
}

@article {pmid39223073,
year = {2024},
author = {Torok, MR and White, AE and Jervis, RH and Tran, AD and Albanese, BA and Walter, EJS},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 infection among Colorado adults working outside the home: Occupation, race and ethnicity and mask use.},
journal = {American journal of industrial medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ajim.23639},
pmid = {39223073},
issn = {1097-0274},
support = {//A financial award from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The workplace is an important setting for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure and transmission. Using data from a large case-control study in Colorado during 2021 and 2022, we aimed to evaluate working outside the home and SARS-CoV-2 infection, the racial and ethnic distribution of workers in occupations associated with infection, and workplace face mask use.

METHODS: Cases were Colorado adults with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) reported to Colorado's COVID-19 surveillance system selected from surveillance data ≤12 days after their specimen collection date. Control participants were randomly selected adult Coloradans with a RT-PCR-confirmed negative SARS-CoV-2 test result reported to the same surveillance system.

RESULTS: Working outside the home was associated with infection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-1.54). Among participants working outside the home, "Food Preparation and Serving Related" (aOR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.80-3.06), "Transportation and Material Moving" (aOR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.62-2.69), "Construction and Extraction" (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.36-2.59), "Protective Service" (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.15-2.24), and "Sales and Related" (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.22-1.69) were occupational categories most strongly associated with infection. American Indian/Alaskan Native, Black, and Hispanic/Latino participants were more likely than others to work in occupational categories with the highest odds of infection (p < 0.05). Cases were less likely than controls to report always wearing a mask (31.9% vs. 41.5%) and wearing a KN95/N95/KF94 mask (16.8% vs. 27.2%) at work.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize the importance of occupation and workplace mask use in the COVID-19 pandemic and its disproportionate racial/ethnic impact on workers.},
}

@article {pmid39222918,
year = {2024},
author = {Akbari, M and Seydavi, M and Zamani, E and Jamshidi, S and Freeston, MH},
title = {Intolerance of Uncertainty as a Situational Vulnerability Factor in the Context of the Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of COVID-19-Related Psychological Impacts.},
journal = {Clinical psychology & psychotherapy},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {e3046},
doi = {10.1002/cpp.3046},
pmid = {39222918},
issn = {1099-0879},
mesh = {*COVID-19/psychology ; Humans ; Uncertainty ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is widely accepted as a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor for a range of mental health problems. It is considered a transsituational vulnerability factor associated with a range of responses to different stressful life situations. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the association between IU and specific psychological responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and the moderators of this relationship drawn from IU research and other studies on COVID-19.

METHOD: The studies included were as follows: (i) English-language articles published in peer-reviewed journals or thesis/dissertations; (ii) reporting specific psychological impacts of COVID-19; (c) reporting IU; (iii) case-control studies, prospective cohort studies, experimental studies and cross-sectional studies of large populations and (iv) reporting correlation coefficients between the variables of interest. Studies on participants with a diagnosis of neurological and/or organic impairment were excluded. The databases searched were Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest, up until 31 December 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Utilized for Surveys Tool (ROBUST, Nudelman et al., 2020). Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the one-study remove method, and studentized residuals and Cook's distance were examined. A random effects model was used.

RESULTS: We examined the association between IU and COVID-19-related psychological impacts across 85 studies from 22 countries (N = 69,997; 64.95% female; mean sample age, 32.90 ± 9.70). There was no evidence of publication bias. We found a medium and positive association between IU and COVID-19-related psychological impacts (N = 69,562, r = 0.35, k = 89, 95% CI [0.32, 0.37]), which was independent of the IU measure used or whether the psychological impact was measured in relation to the virus alone or broader aspects of the pandemic. It was also independent of severity, publication year, sample type and size, study quality, age and sample levels of anxiety, depressive symptoms, stress, mental well-being and social support. However, the observed association varied significantly between countries and country income levels (stronger among low-incomes) and across genders (stronger among males) and was stronger for measures with greater reliability and more items, but lower among samples with more people who had been exposed to COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings support that IU is a higher order transsituational vulnerability factor related to cognitive, behavioural and distress responses during the pandemic. Limitations include English-language-only sources, reliance on a wide range of measures that were coded using a novel system and variable risk of bias across studies. The implications are considered in relation to the management of psychological consequences of major situational stressors experienced at a global scale, but the variations at a national and socioeconomic level also have implications for different or localized stressors at a regional or community level.},
}

*COVID-19/psychology
Humans
Uncertainty
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics

@article {pmid39222832,
year = {2024},
author = {Al-Ajlouni, YA and Tanashat, M and Basheer, AA and Al Ta'ani, O and Alhuneafat, L and Deepak, F and Bilgin-Badur, N and Etienne, M},
title = {Exploring Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Narrative Review of Challenges and Opportunities.},
journal = {Current problems in cardiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102829},
doi = {10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102829},
pmid = {39222832},
issn = {1535-6280},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation (CR) is crucial for managing conditions like congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and post-COVID-19 complications. This review examines CR practices in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, exploring challenges, disparities, and emerging trends.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies published between date of inception and April 24[th], 2024, focusing on CR programs, outcomes, challenges, and strategies specific to the MENA region. Data extraction included study design, population characteristics, CR interventions, and key findings.

RESULTS: CR programs in the MENA region vary widely in scope and execution. While efforts are underway to integrate CR services into national healthcare policies, significant challenges persist, including limited infrastructure, shortages of trained professionals, and cultural barriers. Emerging trends include the use of telehealth and digital monitoring tools to expand access to CR services and policy reforms aimed at improving service delivery and patient access.

CONCLUSION: CR plays a crucial role in improving the quality of life and health outcomes for cardiopulmonary patients, including those in the MENA region. However, significant challenges hinder the widespread adoption and effectiveness of CR programs. Addressing these challenges requires efforts to increase public education, reduce costs, expand funding, and enhance interprofessional collaboration. Future research should assess virtual rehabilitation, cultural adjustments, and long-term outcomes to tailor interventions to MENA's needs, ultimately enhancing CR accessibility and patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid39222667,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, X and Xu, Z and Huang, T and Jiang, Y and Wan, H and Zhang, D and Ling, J and Wu, Y and Liu, X and Yang, P and Fu, L and Liu, J and Zhang, J and Yu, P},
title = {Investigating the Research Trajectory and Future Trends of Immune Disorders in Diabetes Cardiovascular Complications: A Bibliometric Analysis Over the Past Decade Based on Big Data.},
journal = {Ageing research reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102473},
doi = {10.1016/j.arr.2024.102473},
pmid = {39222667},
issn = {1872-9649},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular complications of diabetes are a top cause of death in diabetics and often involve immune system problems. Despite numerous studies, there's a shortage of extensive data to advance this field. This study aims to systematically analyze the role of immune dysregulation in these complications using bibliometric methods, to outline the research path and predict future directions.

METHODS: Published from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2023, 2,826 records from the Web of Science Core Collection were analyzed. Collaboration networks, keyword co-occurrences, references, and research hotspots were visualized and analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2019, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R software.

RESULTS: The number of research papers and citations on this topic has been increasing from 2014 to 2023, with significant contributions from the United States and China. Studies have focused on the effects of oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolism, gut microbiota, and COVID-19 on diabetic heart problems, highlighting the role of immune dysregulation in these diseases.

CONCLUSION: This research provides an overview of immune dysregulation in the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, explores potential treatments including immunomodulation, insulin resistance, and the benefits of vitamin D on cardiovascular disease, and helps advance the field.},
}

@article {pmid39222653,
year = {2024},
author = {Grassly, NC and Shaw, AG and Owusu, M},
title = {Global wastewater surveillance for pathogens with pandemic potential: opportunities and challenges.},
journal = {The Lancet. Microbe},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100939},
doi = {10.1016/j.lanmic.2024.07.002},
pmid = {39222653},
issn = {2666-5247},
abstract = {Wastewater surveillance holds great promise as a sensitive method to detect spillover of zoonotic infections and early pandemic emergence, thereby informing risk mitigation and public health response. Known viruses with pandemic potential are shed in human stool or urine, or both, and the experiences with SARS-CoV-2, monkeypox virus, and Zika virus highlight the feasibility of community-based wastewater surveillance for pandemic viruses that have different transmission routes. We reviewed human shedding and wastewater surveillance data for prototype viruses representing viral families of concern to estimate the likely sensitivity of wastewater surveillance compared with that of clinical surveillance. We examined how data on wastewater surveillance detection, together with viral genetic sequences and animal faecal biomarkers, could be used to identify spillover infections or early human transmission and adaptation. The opportunities and challenges associated with global wastewater surveillance for the prevention of pandemics are described in this Personal View, focusing on low-income and middle-income countries, where the risk of pandemic emergence is the highest. We propose a research and public health agenda to ensure an equitable and sustainable solution to these challenges.},
}

@article {pmid38662782,
year = {2024},
author = {Monfrini, E and Baso, G and Ronchi, D and Meneri, M and Gagliardi, D and Quetti, L and Verde, F and Ticozzi, N and Ratti, A and Di Fonzo, A and Comi, GP and Ottoboni, L and Corti, S},
title = {Unleashing the potential of mRNA therapeutics for inherited neurological diseases.},
journal = {Brain : a journal of neurology},
volume = {147},
number = {9},
pages = {2934-2945},
doi = {10.1093/brain/awae135},
pmid = {38662782},
issn = {1460-2156},
support = {//Ministry of Education and Research/ ; //University of Milan/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *RNA, Messenger ; *Genetic Therapy/methods ; Nervous System Diseases/therapy/genetics ; COVID-19/therapy ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Neurological monogenic loss-of-function diseases are hereditary disorders resulting from gene mutations that decrease or abolish the normal function of the encoded protein. These conditions pose significant therapeutic challenges, which may be resolved through the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. RNA-based technologies, such as mRNA replacement therapy, have emerged as promising and increasingly viable treatments. Notably, mRNA therapy exhibits significant potential as a mutation-agnostic approach that can address virtually any monogenic loss-of-function disease. Therapeutic mRNA carries the information for a healthy copy of the defective protein, bypassing the problem of targeting specific genetic variants. Moreover, unlike conventional gene therapy, mRNA-based drugs are delivered through a simplified process that requires only transfer to the cytoplasm, thereby reducing the mutagenic risks related to DNA integration. Additionally, mRNA therapy exerts a transient effect on target cells, minimizing the risk of long-term unintended consequences. The remarkable success of mRNA technology for developing coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines has rekindled interest in mRNA as a cost-effective method for delivering therapeutic proteins. However, further optimization is required to enhance mRNA delivery, particularly to the CNS, while minimizing adverse drug reactions and toxicity. In this comprehensive review, we delve into past, present and ongoing applications of mRNA therapy for neurological monogenic loss-of-function diseases. We also discuss the promises and potential challenges presented by mRNA therapeutics in this rapidly advancing field. Ultimately, we underscore the full potential of mRNA therapy as a game-changing therapeutic approach for neurological disorders.},
}

Humans
*RNA, Messenger
*Genetic Therapy/methods
Nervous System Diseases/therapy/genetics
COVID-19/therapy
Animals

@article {pmid38258769,
year = {2024},
author = {Hodel, K and Fonseca, A and Barbosa, I and Medina, C and Alves, B and Maciel, C and Nascimento, D and Oliveira-Junior, G and Pedreira, L and de Souza, M and Godoy, AL},
title = {Obesity and its Relationship with Covid-19: A Review of the Main Pharmaceutical Aspects.},
journal = {Current pharmaceutical biotechnology},
volume = {25},
number = {13},
pages = {1651-1663},
pmid = {38258769},
issn = {1873-4316},
mesh = {Humans ; *Obesity/metabolism ; *COVID-19/complications ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacokinetics ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; },
abstract = {Important physiological changes are observed in patients with obesity, such as intestinal permeability, gastric emptying, cardiac output, and hepatic and renal function. These differences can determine variations in the pharmacokinetics of different drugs and can generate different concentrations at the site of action, which can lead to sub therapeutic or toxic concentrations. Understanding the physiological and immunological processes that lead to the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is essential to correlate obesity as a risk factor for increasing the prevalence, severity, and lethality of the disease. Several drugs have been suggested to control COVID- 19 like Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Ribavirin, Sofosbuvir, Remdesivir, Oseltamivir, Oseltamivir phosphate, Oseltamivir carboxylate, Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine, Azithromycin, Teicoplanin, Tocilizumab, Anakinra, Methylprednisolone, Prednisolone, Ciclesonide and Ivermectin. Similarly, these differences between healthy people and obese people can be correlated to mechanical factors, such as insufficient doses of the vaccine for high body mass, impairing the absorption and distribution of the vaccine that will be lower than desired or can be linked to the inflammatory state in obese patients, which can influence the humoral immune response. Additionally, different aspects make the obese population more prone to persistent symptoms of the disease (long COVID), which makes understanding these mechanisms fundamental to addressing the implications of the disease. Thus, this review provides an overview of the relationship between COVID-19 and obesity, considering aspects related to pharmacokinetics, immunosuppression, immunization, and possible implications of long COVID in these individuals.},
}

Humans
*Obesity/metabolism
*COVID-19/complications
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*SARS-CoV-2
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacokinetics
COVID-19 Vaccines

@article {pmid37768496,
year = {2024},
author = {Iness, AN and Shah, KM and Kukreja, RC},
title = {Physiological effects of ivabradine in heart failure and beyond.},
journal = {Molecular and cellular biochemistry},
volume = {479},
number = {9},
pages = {2405-2414},
pmid = {37768496},
issn = {1573-4919},
support = {R01 HL118808/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK120866/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA221813/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; CA221813/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; RO1HL124366/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; RO1HL124366/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; CA221813/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; W81XWH-18-1-0308//Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs/ ; },
mesh = {*Ivabradine/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Humans ; *Heart Failure/drug therapy ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects ; Heart Rate/drug effects ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Ivabradine is a pharmacologic agent that inhibits the funny current responsible for determining heart rate in the sinoatrial node. Ivabradine's clinical potential has been investigated in the context of heart failure since it is associated with reduced myocardial oxygen demand, enhanced diastolic filling, stroke volume, and coronary perfusion time; however, it is yet to demonstrate definitive mortality benefit. Alternative effects of ivabradine include modulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic activation, and endothelial function. Here, we review key clinical trials informing the clinical use of ivabradine and explore opportunities for leveraging its potential pleiotropic effects in other diseases, including treatment of hyperadrenergic states and mitigating complications of COVID-19 infection.},
}

*Ivabradine/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Humans
*Heart Failure/drug therapy
*COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
Heart Rate/drug effects
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Cardiovascular Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology

@article {pmid39222613,
year = {2024},
author = {Alkhaldi, M and Abu Joudeh, L and Ahmed, YB and Husari, KS},
title = {Artificial intelligence and telemedicine in epilepsy and EEG: A narrative review.},
journal = {Seizure},
volume = {121},
number = {},
pages = {204-210},
doi = {10.1016/j.seizure.2024.08.024},
pmid = {39222613},
issn = {1532-2688},
abstract = {The emergence of telemedicine and artificial intelligence (AI) has set the stage for a possible revolution in the future of medicine and neurology including the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. Telemedicine, with its proven efficacy during the COVID-19 pandemic, offers the advantage of bridging the gap between patients in resource-limited areas and specialized care, where in one study telemedicine reduced the epilepsy treatment gap from 43 % to 9 %. AI innovations promise a transformation in epilepsy care by possibly enhancing the accuracy of electroencephalogram (EEG) interpretation and seizure prediction through machine and deep learning. In one study, abnormal EEG recordings were classified into different categories using a convolutional neural networks (CNN) model showing a specificity of 90 % and an accuracy of 88.3 %. Other models constructed to predict seizures have also achieved a sensitivity of 96.8 % and specificity of 95.5 %. Various machine learning (ML) models highlight the potential AI holds in identifying interictal biomarkers and localizing seizure onset zones aiding in epilepsy treatment decision and outcome prediction. An ML model highlighted in this review localized seizure onset zone with an accuracy reaching 73 % and predicted surgical outcomes with an accuracy reaching 79 % compared to the 43 % accuracy of clinicians. However, limitations and challenges hinder the application of such technologies to reach their full potential in epilepsy care. Limitations include access to compatible devices, integration into clinical workflows, data bias, and availability of sufficient data. Extensive validated research is needed to guide future clinical practice with the implementation of technology-enhanced epilepsy care. This narrative review article will explore the use of AI and telemedicine in EEG and epilepsy care, examining their individual and combined impacts in shaping the future of epilepsy care and discussing the challenges and limitations faced in their usage.},
}

@article {pmid39221970,
year = {2024},
author = {Akmal Shukri, AM and Wang, SM and Feng, C and Chia, SL and Mohd Nawi, SFA and Citartan, M},
title = {In silico selection of aptamers against SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {The Analyst},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d4an00812j},
pmid = {39221970},
issn = {1364-5528},
abstract = {Aptamers are molecular recognition elements that have been extensively deployed in a wide array of applications ranging from diagnostics to therapeutics. Due to their unique properties as compared to antibodies, aptamers were also largely isolated during the COVID-19 pandemic for multiple purposes. Typically generated by conventional SELEX, the inherent drawbacks of the process including the time-consuming, cumbersome and resource-intensive nature catalysed the move to adopt in silico approaches to isolate aptamers. Impressive performances of these in silico-derived aptamers in their respective assays have been documented thus far, bearing testimony to the huge potential of the in silico approaches, akin to the traditional SELEX in isolating aptamers. In this study, we provide an overview of the in silico selection of aptamers against SARS-CoV-2 by providing insights into the basic steps involved, which comprise the selection of the initial single-stranded nucleic acids, determination of the secondary and tertiary structures and in silico approaches that include both rigid docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The different approaches involving aptamers against SARS-CoV-2 were illuminated and the need to verify these aptamers by experimental validation was also emphasized. Cognizant of the need to continuously improve aptamers, the strategies embraced thus far for post-in silico selection modifications were enumerated. Shedding light on the steps involved in the in silico selection can set the stage for further improvisation to augment the functionalities of the aptamers in the future.},
}

@article {pmid39221718,
year = {2024},
author = {Liang, M and Xu, J and Luo, Y and Qu, J},
title = {Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and treatment of mucormycosis: a review.},
journal = {Annals of medicine},
volume = {56},
number = {1},
pages = {2396570},
doi = {10.1080/07853890.2024.2396570},
pmid = {39221718},
issn = {1365-2060},
mesh = {*Mucormycosis/epidemiology/therapy/diagnosis ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; *Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Mucorales/pathogenicity/isolation & purification ; Immunocompromised Host ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/diagnosis/therapy ; },
abstract = {AIM: This review aims to summarize the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for mucormycosis. The goal is to improve understanding of mucormycosis and promote early diagnosis and treatment to reduce mortality.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on recent studies and data on mucormycosis. The review includes an analysis of the disease's epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis, as well as current diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies.

RESULTS: Mucormycosis is increasingly prevalent due to the growing immunocompromised population, the COVID-19 pandemic, and advances in detection methods. The pathogenesis is closely associated with the host immune status, serum-free iron levels, and the virulence of Mucorales. However, the absence of typical clinical manifestations complicates diagnosis, leading to missed or delayed diagnoses and higher mortality.

CONCLUSION: An enhanced understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of mucormycosis, along with the adoption of improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, is essential for reducing mortality rates associated with this opportunistic fungal infection. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical to improving patient outcomes.},
}

*Mucormycosis/epidemiology/therapy/diagnosis
Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy
*Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
Mucorales/pathogenicity/isolation & purification
Immunocompromised Host
SARS-CoV-2
Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/diagnosis/therapy

@article {pmid39221210,
year = {2024},
author = {Kakkar, S and Gupta, P and Singh Yadav, SP and Raj, D and Singh, G and Chauhan, S and Mishra, MK and Martín-Ortega, E and Chiussi, S and Kant, K},
title = {Lateral flow assays: Progress and evolution of recent trends in point-of-care applications.},
journal = {Materials today. Bio},
volume = {28},
number = {},
pages = {101188},
pmid = {39221210},
issn = {2590-0064},
abstract = {Paper based point-of-care (PoC) detection platforms applying lateral flow assays (LFAs) have gained paramount approval in the diagnostic domain as well as in environmental applications owing to their ease of utility, low cost, and rapid signal readout. It has centralized the aspect of self-evaluation exhibiting promising potential in the last global pandemic era of Covid-19 implementing rapid management of public health in remote areas. In this perspective, the present review is focused towards landscaping the current framework of LFAs along with integration of components and characteristics for improving the assay by pushing the detection limits. The review highlights the synergistic aspects of assay designing, sample enrichment strategies, novel nanomaterials-based signal transducers, and high-end analytical techniques that contribute significantly towards sensitivity and specificity enhancement. Various recent studies are discussed supporting the innovations in LFA systems that focus upon the accuracy and reliability of rapid PoC testing. The review also provides a comprehensive overview of all the possible difficulties in commercialization of LFAs subjecting its applicability to pathogen surveillance, water and food testing, disease diagnostics, as well as to agriculture and environmental issues.},
}

@article {pmid39221181,
year = {2024},
author = {Tanashat, M and Altobaishat, O and Sharaf, A and Hossam El Din Moawad, M and Al-Jafari, M and Nashwan, AJ},
title = {Assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and perception of the world's population towards monkeypox and its vaccines: A systematic review and descriptive analysis of cross-sectional studies.},
journal = {Vaccine: X},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {100527},
pmid = {39221181},
issn = {2590-1362},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prevention and treatment of the monkeypox virus (Mpox) remain challenging in areas where it is endemic. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to collect this information from various studies in one study to give a comprehensive view of people's opinions, fears, and behaviors about this virus.

METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for descriptive cross-sectional study designs conducted in 2022 and 2023 addressing knowledge, attitude, perception, preparedness, willingness to get vaccinated, and practices against Mpox infection.

RESULTS: Among the included studies, 16 studies assessed the level of knowledge of study participants regarding Mpox with a total of 9066 participants. Among them, 4222 (46.6 %) were reported to have good knowledge, and 4844 (53.4%) were reported to have poor knowledge about Mpox. Regarding willingness to get vaccinated against Mpox, 14 studies with a total of 10,696 participants were included. Among them, 7006 (65 %) were willing to get vaccinated while 3690 (35 %) weren't willing to be vaccinated.

CONCLUSION: Knowledge about Mpox should be increased and awareness should be spread regarding the importance of preventive measures such as vaccination to protect the population from another COVID-19-like pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid39221179,
year = {2024},
author = {Galgut, O and Ashford, F and Deeks, A and Ghataure, A and Islam, M and Sambhi, T and Ker, YW and Duncan, CJA and de Silva, TI and Hopkins, S and Hall, V and Klenerman, P and Dunachie, S and Richter, A},
title = {COVID-19 vaccines are effective at preventing symptomatic and severe infection among healthcare workers: A clinical review.},
journal = {Vaccine: X},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {100546},
pmid = {39221179},
issn = {2590-1362},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Health care workers (HCWs) have been at increased risk of infection during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and as essential workers have been prioritised for vaccination. Due to increased exposure HCW are considered a predictor of what might happen in the general population, particularly working age adults. This study aims to summarise effect of vaccination in this 'at risk' cohort.

METHODS: Ovid MEDLINE and Embase were searched, and 358 individual articles were identified. Of these 49 met the inclusion criteria for review and 14 were included in a meta-analysis.

RESULTS: Participants included were predominantly female and working age. Median time to infection was 51 days. Reported vaccine effectiveness against infection, symptomatic infection, and infection requiring hospitalisation were between 5 and 100 %, 34 and 100 %, and 65 and 100 % (respectively). No vaccinated HCW deaths were recorded in any study. Pooled estimates of protection against infection, symptomatic infection, and hospitalisation were, respectively, 84.7 % (95 % CI 72.6-91.5 %, p < 0.0001), 86.0 % (95 % CI 67.2 %-94.0 %; p < 0.0001), and 96.1 % (95 % CI 90.4 %-98.4 %). Waning protection against infection was reported by four studies, although protection against hospitalisation for severe infection persists for at least 6 months post vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination against SARS-CoV2 in HCWs is protective against infection, symptomatic infection, and hospitalisation. Waning protection is reported but this awaits more mature studies to understand durability more clearly. This study is limited by varying non-pharmacological responses to COVID-19 between included studies, a predominantly female and working age population, and limited information on asymptomatic transmission or long COVID protection.},
}

@article {pmid39221116,
year = {2024},
author = {Jafari Abarghan, Y and Heiat, M and Jahangiri, A and Hossein Peypar, M and Abdorrashidi, M and Tohidinia, A and Salesi, M and Tajik, S and Farzaneh Dehkordi, F and Sedighian, H},
title = {Investigating the impact of Tocilizumab, Sarilumab, and Anakinra on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature},
volume = {54},
number = {},
pages = {101483},
pmid = {39221116},
issn = {2352-9067},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently under investigation as a potential therapeutic option for COVID-19. Clinical trials are examining their efficacy in lowering mortality rates and the requirement for mechanical ventilation (MV). It is necessary to conduct a thorough examination of current randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in order to provide more definitive evidence on their effectiveness for COVID-19 patients. This meta-analysis aims to analyze RCT results on the impact of three mAbs (Anakinra, Sarilumab, Tocilizumab) on COVID-19 patient outcomes.

METHOD: The meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible RCTs were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of three mAbs in treating patients with COVID-19. These trials were identified by searching various databases up to April 1, 2024. In total, this meta-analysis incorporated 19 trials with a total of 8097 patients. Pooled relative risk and studies' heterogeneity were assessed by statistical analysis, which involved the use of fixed effects models and subgroup analysis.

RESULT: The administration of mAbs (Tocilizumab, Sarilumab, and Anakinra) showed various results in the management of COVID-19 patients. While the overall pooled data did not reveal a significant reduction in the need for MV, the study found that the use of mAbs was associated with a decreased risk of clinical worsening (pooled relative risk: 0.75, 95 % CI [0.59, 0.94], p = 0.01) and an increased probability of discharging COVID-19 patients by day 28 or 29 (pooled relative risk: 1.17, 95 % CI [1.10, 1.26]). Notably, the subgroup analysis revealed that Tocilizumab had a significant effect in reducing the risk of clinical worsening compared to Sarilumab. Additionally, the analysis of mortality outcomes indicated that the administration of mAbs had the potential to decrease the overall risk of mortality over time (pooled RR: 0.90, 95 % CI [0.83, 0.97], p = 0.01).

CONCLUSION: In summary, our meta-analysis suggests that mAbs, particularly Tocilizumab, may play a valuable role in managing COVID-19 by reducing the risk of clinical worsening, improving hospital discharge rates, and decreasing mortality.},
}

@article {pmid39220656,
year = {2024},
author = {Griffin, DO},
title = {Postacute Sequelae of COVID (PASC or Long COVID): An Evidenced-Based Approach.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {ofae462},
pmid = {39220656},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {While the acute manifestations of infectious diseases are well known, in some individuals, symptoms can either persist or appear after the acute period. Postviral fatigue syndromes are recognized with other viral infections and are described after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We have a growing number of individuals with symptoms that persist for weeks, months, and years. Here, we share the evidence regarding the abnormalities associated with postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and therapeutics. We describe physiological and biochemical abnormalities seen in individuals reporting PASC. We describe the several evidence-based interventions to offer patients. It is expected that this growing understanding of the mechanisms driving PASC and the benefits seen with certain therapeutics may not only lead to better outcomes for those with PASC but may also have the potential for understanding and treating other postinfectious sequelae.},
}

@article {pmid39220617,
year = {2024},
author = {Di Lenarda, A and Ferri, N and Lanzafame, M and Montuori, EA and Pacelli, L},
title = {Cardiovascular Drug Interactions with Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for COVID-19: Considerations for Daily Practice.},
journal = {European cardiology},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {e15},
pmid = {39220617},
issn = {1758-3764},
abstract = {Cardiovascular disease is associated with progression to severe COVID-19 and patients with the condition are among those in whom early antiviral therapy should be warranted. The combination of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid®) has been approved for clinical use by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency. Because patients with cardiovascular disease are often on polypharmacy, physicians need to be aware of potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) when treating COVID-19 with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir. Guidance is given for avoiding DDIs, emphasising that preventing and managing potential DDIs with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir requires thorough assessment and knowledge. The present review summarises the clinical pharmacology of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and provides details on potential DDIs with a focus on daily practice in patients with cardiovascular disease. Particular attention is needed for drugs that are predominantly metabolised by cytochrome P450 3A4, are substrates of P-glycoprotein and have a narrow therapeutic index. Proper management of potential DDIs must balance the benefit of nirmatrelvir/ ritonavir to prevent severe disease with the risk of serious adverse events.},
}

@article {pmid39219999,
year = {2024},
author = {Silva, DJ and Nelson, BE and Rodon, J},
title = {Decentralized Clinical Trials in Early Drug Development-A Framework Proposal.},
journal = {Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {190-200},
pmid = {39219999},
issn = {2590-017X},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rethinking of clinical trial design to maintain clinical research activity, with regulatory changes allowing for the wider implementation and development of decentralized design models. Evidence of the feasibility and benefits associated with a remote design comes mainly from observational studies or phase 2 and 3 clinical trials, in which implementation is easier with a better-established safety profile. Early drug development is a slow and expensive process in which accrual and safety are key aspects of success. Applying a decentralized model to phase 1 clinical trials could improve patient accrual by removing geographic barriers, improving patient population diversity, strengthening evidence for rare tumors, and reducing patients' financial and logistical burdens. However, safety monitoring, data quality, shipment, and administration of the investigational product are challenges to its implementation. Based on published data for decentralized clinical trials, we propose an exploratory framework of solutions to enable the conceptualization of a decentralized model for phase 1 clinical trials.},
}

@article {pmid39219248,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, S and Zheng, Z},
title = {Advances in Oral Exfoliative Cytology: From Cancer Diagnosis to Systemic Disease Detection.},
journal = {Diagnostic cytopathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/dc.25400},
pmid = {39219248},
issn = {1097-0339},
support = {XRC2022008//Research Foundation of Hainan Medical University/ ; 22A200260//Health Industry Scientific Research Project of Hainan Province/ ; },
abstract = {Oral exfoliative cytology has emerged as a valuable tool in the early detection of oral cancer and other systemic diseases. This review comprehensively examines the current applications and recent advancements in oral exfoliative cytology techniques. We analyzed published literature from the past decade, focusing on methodological improvements, diagnostic accuracy, and emerging applications. Key findings include: (1) Enhanced cell collection and preparation methods have significantly improved sample quality and diagnostic reliability. (2) Integration of molecular markers and DNA analysis with traditional cytomorphological assessment has increased diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for oral cancer detection. (3) Novel applications in systemic disease detection, including diabetes and iron overload disorders, demonstrate the expanding utility of this technique. (4) Computer-assisted analysis and deep learning algorithms show promise in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in standardization and widespread clinical implementation. This review provides a critical evaluation of oral exfoliative cytology's current status and future potential in oral and systemic disease diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid39218998,
year = {2024},
author = {Cheng, X and Cao, M and Yeung, WF and Cheung, DST},
title = {The effectiveness of exercise in alleviating long COVID symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Worldviews on evidence-based nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/wvn.12743},
pmid = {39218998},
issn = {1741-6787},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Long COVID is prevalent in the general population. Exercise is a promising component of rehabilitation for long COVID patients.

AIM: This study examined the effects of exercise interventions on managing long COVID symptoms.

METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a systematic search was conducted through June 2023 using keywords such as "long COVID" and "post-acute COVID-19 syndrome" among major electronic databases. Randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of exercise on patients suffering from long COVID were included. Nine studies involving 672 individuals were included in this study.

RESULTS: The main outcomes for exercise interventions in patients with long COVID were fatigue, dyspnea, anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. The exercise interventions comprised aerobic exercise, multimodal exercise, breathing exercise, and Taichi. Most of the included studies (6/9) were at high risk of bias. According to the meta-analyses, exercise significantly improved long COVID fatigue (ES = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.27 to 1.50) and dyspnea (ES = 1.21, 95% CI [0.33, 2.09]), whereas no significant effect was identified on long COVID anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. According to subgroup analyses, multimodal exercise had the broadest spectrum of benefits on long COVID symptoms (including fatigue, dyspnea, and depression), and supervised exercise, intervention frequency ≤4 times a week, the passive control group also showed a positive effect on some long COVID symptoms.},
}

@article {pmid39218487,
year = {2024},
author = {Taylor, YJ and Kowalkowski, M and Palakshappa, J},
title = {Social Disparities and Critical Illness during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Critical care clinics},
volume = {40},
number = {4},
pages = {805-825},
doi = {10.1016/j.ccc.2024.05.010},
pmid = {39218487},
issn = {1557-8232},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; *Critical Illness ; *Healthcare Disparities ; Critical Care ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Health Services Accessibility ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raised new considerations for social disparities in critical illness including hospital capacity and access to personal protective equipment, access to evolving therapies, vaccinations, virtual care, and restrictions on family visitation. This narrative review aims to explore evidence about racial/ethnic and socioeconomic differences in critical illness during the COVID-19 pandemic, factors driving those differences and promising solutions for mitigating inequities in the future. We apply a patient journey framework to identify social disparities at various stages before, during, and after patient interactions with critical care services and discuss recommendations for policy and practice.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy
*Critical Illness
*Healthcare Disparities
Critical Care
Socioeconomic Factors
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
Health Services Accessibility

@article {pmid39217755,
year = {2024},
author = {Cock, H},
title = {Why have status epilepticus trials failed: Wrong drugs or wrong trials?.},
journal = {Epilepsy & behavior : E&B},
volume = {159},
number = {},
pages = {110030},
doi = {10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.110030},
pmid = {39217755},
issn = {1525-5069},
abstract = {Despite burgeoning interest in trials in status epilepticus over the last 20 years, outcomes have yet to improve and a number of high profile studies have failed to deliver for a range of reasons. The range of reasons a trial may fail to meet the intended outcomes are discussed. Recent well designed, adequately powered studies in established status epilepticus failed to meet primary endpoints, but are nonetheless influencing practice, reflecting the importance of interpreting results in the context of broader literature, safety and practical considerations. Studies in refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus have yet to do so, frequently failing to deliver as hoped despite huge financial and human cost. The importance of reviewing regulatory frameworks, and our approach to trial design to address important clinical questions is reviewed, reflecting on lessons from the COVID-19 RECOVERY trials, and other disease areas, together with the potential associated with the use artificial intelligence tools. This paper is based on a presentation made at the 9th London-Innsbruck Colloquium on Status Epilepticus and Acute Seizures in April 2024.},
}

@article {pmid39216921,
year = {2024},
author = {Contreras, J and Tinuoye, EO and Folch, A and Aguilar, J and Free, K and Ilonze, O and Mazimba, S and Rao, R and Breathett, K},
title = {Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction and COVID-19, when the Sick Get Sicker: Unmasking Racial and Ethnic Inequities During a Pandemic.},
journal = {Heart failure clinics},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {353-361},
doi = {10.1016/j.hfc.2024.06.002},
pmid = {39216921},
issn = {1551-7136},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Heart Failure/ethnology/epidemiology/therapy ; *Stroke Volume/physiology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Healthcare Disparities ; Social Determinants of Health ; Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data ; Pandemics ; Health Status Disparities ; Racial Groups ; },
abstract = {Minoritized racial and ethnic groups have the highest incidence, prevalence, and hospitalization rate for heart failure. Despite improvement in medical therapies and overall survival, the morbidity and mortality of these groups remain elevated. The reasons for this disparity are multifactorial, including social determinant of health (SDOH) such as access to care, bias, and structural racism. These same factors contributed to higher rates of COVID-19 infection among minoritized racial and ethnic groups. In this review, we aim to explore the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and its interconnection between heart failure and SDOH. The pandemic presents a window of opportunity for achieving greater equity in the health care of all vulnerable populations.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Heart Failure/ethnology/epidemiology/therapy
*Stroke Volume/physiology
*SARS-CoV-2
Healthcare Disparities
Social Determinants of Health
Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data
Pandemics
Health Status Disparities
Racial Groups

@article {pmid39216616,
year = {2024},
author = {Meroni, PL and Borghi, MO and Raschi, E and Grossi, C and Lonati, PA and Bodio, C and Da Via, A and Curreli, D and Cecchini, G},
title = {TO SHOw how we have been ENgaged in the APS FiELD (What we learned on APS collaborating with Professor Yehuda Shoenfeld).},
journal = {Autoimmunity reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103613},
doi = {10.1016/j.autrev.2024.103613},
pmid = {39216616},
issn = {1873-0183},
abstract = {The present review reports the history of our scientific collaboration with Professor Shoenfeld's group. The collaboration started at the end of the 80s and was mainly focused on studies on the pathogenetic mechanisms of the anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS). Following the initial collaborative studies on antibodies against endothelium in systemic autoimmune vasculitis, we were able to use a similar strategy in APS. This line of research has resulted in the characterization of beta 2 glycoprotein I (β2GPI)-dependent anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL) as mechanisms capable of mediating an endothelial perturbation crucial for the pathogenesis of APS. Thanks to these studies, the collaboration has led to the characterization of the membrane receptors for β2GPI and the cellular signaling resulting from antibody binding. This mechanism has also been shown to mediate the aPL effect on other cell types involved in APS pathogenesis. Finally, the exchange of information made it possible to replicate and extend the setting of animal models of the syndrome, which proved to be valuable tools for understanding the pathogenesis of the syndrome. It has been a long story recently refueled by common studies on the similarity of pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant endotheliopathy in APS and in COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid39216563,
year = {2024},
author = {El-Maradny, YA and Badawy, MA and Mohamed, KI and Ragab, RF and Moharm, HM and Abdallah, NA and Elgammal, EM and Rubio-Casillas, A and Uversky, VN and Redwan, EM},
title = {Unraveling the role of the nucleocapsid protein in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis: From viral life cycle to vaccine development.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {135201},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135201},
pmid = {39216563},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The nucleocapsid protein (N protein) is the most abundant protein in SARS-CoV-2. Viral RNA and this protein are bound by electrostatic forces, forming cytoplasmic helical structures known as nucleocapsids. Subsequently, these nucleocapsids interact with the membrane (M) protein, facilitating virus budding into early secretory compartments.

SCOPE OF REVIEW: Exploring the role of the N protein in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathogenesis, post-sequelae consequences, and interaction with host immunity has enhanced our understanding of its function and potential strategies for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection.

MAJOR CONCLUSION: This review provides an overview of the N protein's involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, highlighting its crucial role in the virus-host protein interaction and immune system modulation, which in turn influences viral spread.

GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding these aspects identifies the N protein as a promising target for developing effective antiviral treatments and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.},
}

@article {pmid39216451,
year = {2024},
author = {Ling, S and Xu, JW},
title = {Phenotypes and functions of "aged" neutrophils in cardiovascular diseases.},
journal = {Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie},
volume = {179},
number = {},
pages = {117324},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117324},
pmid = {39216451},
issn = {1950-6007},
abstract = {Neutrophils are important effector cells of innate immunity and undergo several phenotypic changes after release from the bone marrow. Neutrophils with a late life cycle phenotype are often referred to as "aged" neutrophils. These neutrophils undergo functional changes that accompany stimuli of inflammation, tissue senescence and injury, inducing their maturation and senescence in the circulation and locally in damaged tissues, forming a unique late-life neutrophil phenotype. "Aged" neutrophils, although attenuated in antibacterial capacity, are more active in aging and age-related diseases, exhibit high levels of mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial DNA leakage, promote senescence of neighboring cells, and exacerbate cardiac and vascular tissue damage, including vascular inflammation, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, stroke, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and SARS-CoV-2 myocarditis. In this review, we outline the phenotypic changes of "aged" neutrophils characterized by CXCR4[high]/CD62L[low], investigate the mechanisms driving neutrophil aging and functional transformation, and analyze the damage caused by "aged" neutrophils to various types of heart and blood vessels. Tissue injury and senescence promote neutrophil infiltration and induce neutrophil aging both in the circulation and locally in damaged tissues, resulting in an "aged" neutrophil phenotype characterized by CXCR4[high]/CD62L[low]. We also discuss the effects of certain agents, such as neutralizing mitochondrial ROS, scavenging IsoLGs, blocking VDAC oligomers and mPTP channel activity, activating Nrf2 activity, and inhibiting neutrophil PAD4 activity, to inhibit neutrophil NET formation and ameliorate age-associated cardiovascular disease, providing a new perspective for anti-aging therapy in cardiovascular disease.},
}

@article {pmid39197299,
year = {2024},
author = {Pather, S and Charpentier, N and van den Ouweland, F and Rizzi, R and Finlayson, A and Salisch, N and Muik, A and Lindemann, C and Khanim, R and Abduljawad, S and Smith, ER and Gurwith, M and Chen, RT and , },
title = {A Brighton Collaboration standardized template with key considerations for a benefit-risk assessment for the Comirnaty COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {42},
number = {22},
pages = {126165},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126165},
pmid = {39197299},
issn = {1873-2518},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *BNT162 Vaccine/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; Risk Assessment ; *mRNA Vaccines ; Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects/immunology ; Immunogenicity, Vaccine ; },
abstract = {The Brighton Collaboration Benefit-Risk Assessment of VAccines by TechnolOgy (BRAVATO) Working Group evaluates the safety and other key features of new platform technology vaccines, including nucleic acid (RNA and DNA) vaccines. This manuscript uses the BRAVATO template to report the key considerations for a benefit-risk assessment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA-based vaccine BNT162b2 (Comirnaty®, or Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine) including the subsequent Original/Omicron BA.1, Original/Omicron BA.4-5 and Omicron XBB.1.5 variant-adapted vaccines developed by BioNTech and Pfizer to protect against COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Initial Emergency Use Authorizations or conditional Marketing Authorizations for the original BNT162b2 vaccine were granted based upon a favorable benefit-risk assessment taking into account clinical safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy data, which was subsequently reconfirmed for younger age groups, and by real world evidence data. In addition, the favorable benefit-risk assessment was maintained for the bivalent vaccines, developed against newly arising SARS-CoV-2 variants, with accumulating clinical trial data.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology/administration & dosage
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*BNT162 Vaccine/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics
Risk Assessment
*mRNA Vaccines
Vaccines, Synthetic/adverse effects/immunology
Immunogenicity, Vaccine

@article {pmid39078602,
year = {2024},
author = {Resnik, DB},
title = {Biosafety, biosecurity, and bioethics.},
journal = {Monash bioethics review},
volume = {42},
number = {1},
pages = {137-167},
pmid = {39078602},
issn = {1836-6716},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Risk Assessment ; *Bioethics ; Containment of Biohazards/ethics ; Pandemics/ethics ; Risk Management/ethics ; Bioethical Issues ; Security Measures/ethics ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of biosafety in the biomedical sciences. While it is often assumed that biosafety is a purely technical matter that has little to do with philosophy or the humanities, biosafety raises important ethical issues that have not been adequately examined in the scientific or bioethics literature. This article reviews some pivotal events in the history of biosafety and biosecurity and explores three different biosafety topics that generate significant ethical concerns, i.e., risk assessment, risk management, and risk distribution. The article also discusses the role of democratic governance in the oversight of biosafety and offers some suggestions for incorporating bioethics into biosafety practice, education, and policy.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*SARS-CoV-2
Risk Assessment
*Bioethics
Containment of Biohazards/ethics
Pandemics/ethics
Risk Management/ethics
Bioethical Issues
Security Measures/ethics

@article {pmid39010219,
year = {2024},
author = {Isago, H},
title = {The Association between Dyslipidemia and Pulmonary Diseases.},
journal = {Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis},
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {1249-1259},
doi = {10.5551/jat.RV22021},
pmid = {39010219},
issn = {1880-3873},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dyslipidemias/complications ; *Lung Diseases/etiology/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications/epidemiology/etiology ; },
abstract = {Dyslipidemia is one of the most common diseases worldwide. As a component of metabolic syndrome, the prevalence and mechanism by which dyslipidemia promotes cardiovascular diseases has been well studied, although the relationship between pulmonary diseases is not well understood. Because the lung is a respiratory organ with a large surface area and is exposed to the environment outside the body, it continuously inhales various substances. As a result, pulmonary diseases have a vast diversity, including chronic inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases, cancers, and infectious diseases. Recently, growing evidence has suggested that dyslipidemia plays a role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of various pulmonary diseases. We herein review the current understanding of the relationship between dyslipidemia and pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, asthma, and lung cancer, and infectious pulmonary diseases, including community-acquired pneumonia, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, and COVID-19. In addition, we focus on recent evidence of the utility of statins, specifically 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coA reductase inhibitors, in the prevention and treatment of the various pulmonary diseases described above.},
}

Humans
*Dyslipidemias/complications
*Lung Diseases/etiology/epidemiology
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology
*Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications/epidemiology/etiology

@article {pmid38452242,
year = {2024},
author = {Leblanc, PO and Bourgoin, SG and Poubelle, PE and Tessier, PA and Pelletier, M},
title = {Metabolic regulation of neutrophil functions in homeostasis and diseases.},
journal = {Journal of leukocyte biology},
volume = {116},
number = {3},
pages = {456-468},
doi = {10.1093/jleuko/qiae025},
pmid = {38452242},
issn = {1938-3673},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neutrophils/immunology/metabolism ; *Homeostasis ; Animals ; COVID-19/immunology/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology ; Glycolysis ; },
abstract = {Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans and play a role in the innate immune response by being the first cells attracted to the site of infection. While early studies presented neutrophils as almost exclusively glycolytic cells, recent advances show that these cells use several metabolic pathways other than glycolysis, such as the pentose phosphate pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and glutaminolysis, which they modulate to perform their functions. Metabolism shifts from fatty acid oxidation-mediated mitochondrial respiration in immature neutrophils to glycolysis in mature neutrophils. Tissue environments largely influence neutrophil metabolism according to nutrient sources, inflammatory mediators, and oxygen availability. Inhibition of metabolic pathways in neutrophils results in impairment of certain effector functions, such as NETosis, chemotaxis, degranulation, and reactive oxygen species generation. Alteration of these neutrophil functions is implicated in certain human diseases, such as antiphospholipid syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019, and bronchiectasis. Metabolic regulators such as AMPK, HIF-1α, mTOR, and Arf6 are linked to neutrophil metabolism and function and could potentially be targeted for the treatment of diseases associated with neutrophil dysfunction. This review details the effects of alterations in neutrophil metabolism on the effector functions of these cells.},
}

Humans
*Neutrophils/immunology/metabolism
*Homeostasis
Animals
COVID-19/immunology/metabolism
SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology
Glycolysis

@article {pmid36045633,
year = {2024},
author = {Sanchez-Ramirez, DC and Pol, M and Loewen, H and Choukou, MA},
title = {Effect of telemonitoring and telerehabilitation on physical activity, exercise capacity, health-related quality of life and healthcare use in patients with chronic lung diseases or COVID-19: A scoping review.},
journal = {Journal of telemedicine and telecare},
volume = {30},
number = {7},
pages = {1097-1115},
pmid = {36045633},
issn = {1758-1109},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/rehabilitation ; *Quality of Life ; *Telerehabilitation ; *Exercise ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; *Telemedicine ; Chronic Disease/rehabilitation ; Lung Diseases/rehabilitation/physiopathology ; Exercise Tolerance ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation/physiopathology ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Telemonitoring and telerehabilitation can support home-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) and benefit patients with lung diseases or COVID-19. This study aimed to (1) identify which telemonitoring and telerehabilitation interventions (e.g. videoconferencing) are used to provide telehealth care for people with chronic respiratory conditions or COVID-19, and (2) provide an overview of the effects of telemonitoring and telerehabilitation on exercise capacity, physical activity, health-related QoL (HRQoL), and healthcare use in patients with lung diseases or COVID-19.

METHODS: A search was performed in the electronic databases of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cinahl through 15 June 2021. Subject heading and keywords were used to reflect the concepts of telemonitoring, telerehabilitation, chronic lung diseases, and COVID-19. Studies that explored the effect of a telerehabilitation and/or telemonitoring intervention, in patients with a chronic lung disease such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), or COVID-19, and reported the effect of the intervention in one or more of our outcomes of interest were included. Excluding criteria included evaluation of new technological components, teleconsultation or one-time patient assessment.

RESULTS: This scoping review included 44 publications reporting the effect of telemonitoring (25 studies), telerehabilitation (8 studies) or both (11 studies) on patients with COPD (35 studies), asthma (5 studies), COPD and asthma (1 study), and COVID-19 (2 studies). Patients who received telemonitoring and/or telerehabilitation had improvements in exercise capacity in 9 out of 11 (82%) articles, better HRQoL in 21 out of 25 (84%), and fewer health care use in 3 out of 3 (100%) articles compared to pre-intervention. Compared to controls, no statistically significant differences were found in the intervention groups' exercise capacity in 5 out 6 (83%) articles, physical activity in 3 out of 3 (100%) articles, HRQoL in 21 out of 25 (84%) articles, and healthcare use in 15 out of 20 (75%) articles. The main limitation of the study was the high variability between the characteristics of the studies, such as the number and age of the patients, the outcome measures, the duration of the intervention, the technological components involved, and the additional elements included in the interventions that may influence the generalization of the results.

CONCLUSION: Telemonitoring and telerehabilitation interventions had a positive effect on patient outcomes and appeared to be as effective as standard care. Therefore, they are promising alternatives to support remote home-based rehabilitation in patients with chronic lung diseases or COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/rehabilitation
*Quality of Life
*Telerehabilitation
*Exercise
*SARS-CoV-2
*Telemedicine
Chronic Disease/rehabilitation
Lung Diseases/rehabilitation/physiopathology
Exercise Tolerance
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/rehabilitation/physiopathology
Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid39216341,
year = {2024},
author = {Tsai, JF and Ngo, HN and Che, ZH},
title = {Last-mile delivery during COVID-19: A systematic review of parcel locker adoption and consumer experience.},
journal = {Acta psychologica},
volume = {249},
number = {},
pages = {104462},
doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104462},
pmid = {39216341},
issn = {1873-6297},
abstract = {As the final link in the supply chain, last-mile delivery is a vital connection between upstream supply chain operations and customers. The recent surge in demand for contactless last-mile delivery services has spurred extensive research on parcel lockers. This study systematically reviews the determinants of consumer adoption and experiences with parcel lockers in Vietnam, during the COVID-19 pandemic while considering insights from other countries. The review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Most of the literature identified reliability, convenience, and security as primary drivers of customer preference for parcel lockers. Additionally, factors such as ease of use, usefulness, service quality, cost, and location were found to predict consumer preference and experience with parcel lockers. This study integrates various theories, including those related to supply chain management, consumer behavior, and technology acceptance, and discusses advanced technologies to provide a comprehensive framework for enhancing smart locker adoption in Vietnam. The empirical findings offer valuable insights for promoting parcel locker adoption, considering co-cultural contexts and technological advancements.},
}

@article {pmid39215199,
year = {2024},
author = {O'Reilly, D and Livada, A and Steiner, L and Drew, RJ and Mc Callion, N},
title = {Beyond the incubator: applying a "one health" approach in the NICU.},
journal = {Pediatric research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39215199},
issn = {1530-0447},
abstract = {A "one health" approach recognises that human health, animal health and planetary health are closely interlinked and that a transdisciplinary approach is required to fully understand and maintain global health. While, by necessity, Neonatal Intensive Care has traditionally focused on the acutely unwell newborn, the avoidance of long-term harm is core to many management decisions. The COVID 19 pandemic and climate crisis have brought into sharp relief the importance of a "one health" approach as part of long-term health promotion in the holistic care of neonates, who may survive to experience the burden of future environmental crises. This narrative review seeks to integrate what we know about "one health" issues in the neonatal intensive care unit, notably antimicrobial resistance and climate change, and suggest "everyday changes" which can be utilised by practitioners to minimise the impact of neonatal intensive care on these global health issues. Many of the changes suggested not only represent important improvements for planetary health but are also core to good neonatal practice. IMPACT: Neonatal patients are likely to bear the burden of future environmental crises including pandemics and climate related disasters. While the focus of intensive care practitioners is acute illness, awareness of "one health" problems are important for our smallest patients as part of preventing long-term harm. High quality neonatal care can benefit both the planet and our patients.},
}

@article {pmid39214285,
year = {2024},
author = {Vinutha, M and Sharma, UR and Swamy, G and Rohini, S and Vada, S and Janandri, S and Haribabu, and Taj, N and Gayathri, SV and Jyotsna, SK and Mudagal, MP},
title = {COVID-19-related liver injury: Mechanisms, diagnosis, management; its impact on pre-existing conditions, cancer and liver transplant: A comprehensive review.},
journal = {Life sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {123022},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123022},
pmid = {39214285},
issn = {1879-0631},
abstract = {AIMS: This review explores the mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for COVID-19-induced liver injury, with a focus on its impact on patients with pre-existing liver conditions, liver cancer, and those undergoing liver transplantation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive literature review included studies on clinical manifestations of liver injury due to COVID-19. Key areas examined were direct viral effects, drug-induced liver injury, cytokine storms, and impacts on individuals with chronic liver diseases, liver transplants, and the role of vaccination. Data were collected from clinical trials, observational studies, case reports, and review literature.

KEY FINDINGS: COVID-19 can cause a spectrum of liver injuries, from mild enzyme elevations to severe hepatic dysfunction. Injury mechanisms include direct viral invasion, immune response alterations, drug toxicity, and hypoxia-reperfusion injury. Patients with chronic liver conditions (such as alcohol-related liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) face increased risks of severe outcomes. The pandemic has worsened pre-existing liver conditions, disrupted cancer treatments, and complicated liver transplantation. Vaccination remains crucial for reducing severe disease, particularly in chronic liver patients and transplant recipients. Telemedicine has been beneficial in managing patients and reducing cross-infection risks.

SIGNIFICANCE: This review discusses the importance of improved diagnostic methods and management strategies for liver injury caused by COVID-19. It emphasizes the need for close monitoring and customized treatment for high-risk groups, advocating for future research to explore long-term effects, novel therapies, and evidence-based approaches to improve liver health during and after the pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid39214113,
year = {2024},
author = {Creutzberg, CL and Kim, JW and Eminowicz, G and Allanson, E and Eberst, L and Kim, SI and Nout, RA and Park, JY and Lorusso, D and Mileshkin, L and Ottevanger, PB and Brand, A and Mezzanzanica, D and Oza, A and Gebski, V and Pothuri, B and Batley, T and Gordon, C and Mitra, T and White, H and Howitt, B and Matias-Guiu, X and Ray-Coquard, I and Gaffney, D and Small, W and Miller, A and Concin, N and Powell, MA and Stuart, G and Bookman, MA and , },
title = {Clinical research in endometrial cancer: consensus recommendations from the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup.},
journal = {The Lancet. Oncology},
volume = {25},
number = {9},
pages = {e420-e431},
doi = {10.1016/S1470-2045(24)00192-X},
pmid = {39214113},
issn = {1474-5488},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Endometrial Neoplasms/therapy/pathology ; *Consensus ; Biomedical Research/standards ; Clinical Trials as Topic/standards ; Republic of Korea ; },
abstract = {The Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) Endometrial Cancer Consensus Conference on Clinical Research (ECCC) was held in Incheon, South Korea, Nov 2-3, 2023. The aims were to develop consensus statements for future trials in endometrial cancer to achieve harmonisation on design elements, select important questions, and identify unmet needs. All 33 GCIG member groups participated in the development, refinement, and finalisation of 18 statements within four topic groups, addressing adjuvant treatment in high-risk disease; treatment for metastatic and recurrent disease; trial designs for rare endometrial cancer subgroups and special circumstances; and specific methodology and adaptation for trials in low-resource settings. In addition, eight areas of unmet need were identified. This was the first GCIG Consensus Conference to include patient advocates and an expert on inclusion, diversity, equity, and access to take part in all aspects of the process and output. Four early-career investigators were also selected for participation, ensuring that they represented different GCIG member groups and regions. Unanimous consensus was obtained for 16 of the 18 statements, with 97% concordance for the remaining two. Using the described methodology from previous Ovarian Cancer Consensus Conferences, this conference did not require even one minority statement. The high acceptance rate following active involvement in the preparation, discussion, and refinement of the statements by all representatives confirmed the consensus progress within a global academic setting, and the expectation that the ECCC will lead to greater harmonisation, actualisation, inclusion, and resolution of unmet needs in clinical research for individuals living with and beyond endometrial cancer worldwide.},
}

Humans
Female
*Endometrial Neoplasms/therapy/pathology
*Consensus
Biomedical Research/standards
Clinical Trials as Topic/standards
Republic of Korea

@article {pmid39213758,
year = {2024},
author = {Pinsky, BA and Bradley, BT},
title = {Opportunities and challenges for the U.S. laboratory response to highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1).},
journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology},
volume = {174},
number = {},
pages = {105723},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2024.105723},
pmid = {39213758},
issn = {1873-5967},
abstract = {On March 25, 2024 an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A H5N1 was identified in dairy cows across multiple farms in the United States. Zoonotic cases originating in individuals with close contact to infected herds and poultry flocks have been subsequently identified. Spillover events such as this raise the specter of recent pandemics including COVID-19 and Mpox and may lead clinical laboratories to assess their capacity for diagnosis of HPAI H5N1. In this review, we detail the origins of the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b outbreak as well as the existing capacity to identify HPAI H5N1 as influenza A virus by commercially available assays. Furthermore, we highlight the absence of commercially available influenza A H5 subtyping assays and limitations associated with the current 510(k)-cleared assay. This outbreak also serves as an early opportunity to assess the new and unknown regulatory challenges faced by laboratory-developed tests in light of the FDA's final rule on in vitro diagnostic devices. National agencies along with public health and clinical laboratories all serve an essential role in the response to HPAI H5N1. To most effectively utilize each group's strength requires open communication and willingness to embrace novel approaches.},
}

@article {pmid38582247,
year = {2024},
author = {Narro, GEC and Díaz, LA and Ortega, EK and Garín, MFB and Reyes, EC and Delfin, PSM and Arab, JP and Bataller, R},
title = {Alcohol-related liver disease: A global perspective.},
journal = {Annals of hepatology},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {101499},
doi = {10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101499},
pmid = {38582247},
issn = {1665-2681},
mesh = {Humans ; *Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/epidemiology/therapy ; *Global Health ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Global Burden of Disease ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Alcohol Abstinence ; },
abstract = {Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) represents one of the deadliest yet preventable consequences of excessive alcohol use. It represents 5.1 % of the global burden of disease, mainly involving the productive-age population (15-44 years) and leading to an increased mortality risk from traffic road injuries, suicide, violence, cardiovascular disease, neoplasms, and liver disease, among others, accounting for 5.3 % of global deaths. Daily alcohol consumption, binge drinking (BD), and heavy episodic drinking (HED) are the patterns associated with a higher risk of developing ALD. The escalating global burden of ALD, even exceeding what was predicted, is the result of a complex interaction between the lack of public policies that regulate alcohol consumption, low awareness of the scope of the disease, late referral to specialists, underuse of available medications, insufficient funds allocated to ALD research, and non-predictable events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, where increases of up to 477 % in online alcohol sales were registered in the United States. Early diagnosis, referral, and treatment are pivotal to achieving the therapeutic goal in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and ALD, where complete alcohol abstinence and prevention of alcohol relapse are expected to enhance overall survival. This can be achieved through a combination of cognitive behavioral, motivational enhancement and pharmacological therapy. Furthermore, the appropriate use of available pharmacological therapy and implementation of public policies that comprehensively address this disease will make a real difference.},
}

Humans
*Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/epidemiology/therapy
*Global Health
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects/epidemiology
Risk Factors
Global Burden of Disease
SARS-CoV-2
Alcohol Abstinence

@article {pmid39213525,
year = {2024},
author = {Singh, B and Chastin, S and Miatke, A and Curtis, R and Dumuid, D and Brinsley, J and Ferguson, T and Szeto, K and Simpson, C and Eglitis, E and Willems, I and Maher, C},
title = {Real-World Accuracy of Wearable Activity Trackers for Detecting Medical Conditions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {JMIR mHealth and uHealth},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e56972},
doi = {10.2196/56972},
pmid = {39213525},
issn = {2291-5222},
mesh = {Humans ; *Fitness Trackers/standards/statistics & numerical data ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; *Wearable Electronic Devices/statistics & numerical data/standards ; Adult ; Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wearable activity trackers, including fitness bands and smartwatches, offer the potential for disease detection by monitoring physiological parameters. However, their accuracy as specific disease diagnostic tools remains uncertain.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether wearable activity trackers can be used to detect disease and medical events.

METHODS: Ten electronic databases were searched for studies published from inception to April 1, 2023. Studies were eligible if they used a wearable activity tracker to diagnose or detect a medical condition or event (eg, falls) in free-living conditions in adults. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the overall area under the curve (%), accuracy (%), sensitivity (%), specificity (%), and positive predictive value (%). Subgroup analyses were performed to assess device type (Fitbit, Oura ring, and mixed). The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies.

RESULTS: A total of 28 studies were included, involving a total of 1,226,801 participants (age range 28.6-78.3). In total, 16 (57%) studies used wearables for diagnosis of COVID-19, 5 (18%) studies for atrial fibrillation, 3 (11%) studies for arrhythmia or abnormal pulse, 3 (11%) studies for falls, and 1 (4%) study for viral symptoms. The devices used were Fitbit (n=6), Apple watch (n=6), Oura ring (n=3), a combination of devices (n=7), Empatica E4 (n=1), Dynaport MoveMonitor (n=2), Samsung Galaxy Watch (n=1), and other or not specified (n=2). For COVID-19 detection, meta-analyses showed a pooled area under the curve of 80.2% (95% CI 71.0%-89.3%), an accuracy of 87.5% (95% CI 81.6%-93.5%), a sensitivity of 79.5% (95% CI 67.7%-91.3%), and specificity of 76.8% (95% CI 69.4%-84.1%). For atrial fibrillation detection, pooled positive predictive value was 87.4% (95% CI 75.7%-99.1%), sensitivity was 94.2% (95% CI 88.7%-99.7%), and specificity was 95.3% (95% CI 91.8%-98.8%). For fall detection, pooled sensitivity was 81.9% (95% CI 75.1%-88.1%) and specificity was 62.5% (95% CI 14.4%-100%).

CONCLUSIONS: Wearable activity trackers show promise in disease detection, with notable accuracy in identifying atrial fibrillation and COVID-19. While these findings are encouraging, further research and improvements are required to enhance their diagnostic precision and applicability.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Prospero CRD42023407867; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=407867.},
}

Humans
*Fitness Trackers/standards/statistics & numerical data
*COVID-19/diagnosis
*Wearable Electronic Devices/statistics & numerical data/standards
Adult
Aged
Sensitivity and Specificity

@article {pmid39213370,
year = {2024},
author = {Gencer, H and Brunnett, R and Staiger, T and Tezcan-Güntekin, H and Pöge, K},
title = {Caring is not always sharing: A scoping review exploring how COVID-19 containment measures have impacted unpaid care work and mental health among women and men in Europe.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {e0308381},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0308381},
pmid = {39213370},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology ; Female ; Europe ; *Mental Health ; Male ; *Caregivers/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Unpaid care work is mainly performed by women, whose mental health is more affected by caregiving burden and work-family conflict compared to men. COVID-19 containment measures may have exacerbated existing gender inequalities in both unpaid care work and adverse mental health outcomes. This scoping review provides an overview of recent evidence on the impact of COVID-19 containment measures on unpaid care work and mental health for subgroups of caregivers at the intersection of gender and other social differences (e.g., ethnicity, age, class) in Europe.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Our study was informed and guided by Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. We searched six academic databases (Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, CINAHL, Social Sciences Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, ASSIA) and hand-searched the reference lists of selected articles to identify relevant peer-reviewed research articles published between 1 March 2020 and 7 September 2022. In addition, we conducted a grey literature search using Google Scholar and a targeted hand search on known international and European websites. We included studies that reported gender-disaggregated results on unpaid care work and mental health in the context of COVID-19 containment measures in Europe. Two reviewers independently screened all abstracts and full texts for eligibility and extracted the relevant data. The results were synthesised narratively.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Our results suggest a greater gender gap in unpaid care work division and, to a lesser extent, in mental health, which is unfavourable towards women and mothers. Despite this, we see a break in the traditional division of childcare, with fathers taking on a greater role in family work, which makes us optimistic about the division of care work in the post-COVID-19 era. This research also shows that among European women, population groups often understudied, such as women who are single parents, disabled or of colour, have the highest increase in unpaid care work and greatest deterioration in wellbeing.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology
Female
Europe
*Mental Health
Male
*Caregivers/psychology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid39212791,
year = {2024},
author = {Hofsink, N and Groenink, L and Plösch, T},
title = {The fetal programming effect of maternal immune activation (MIA) on the offspring's immune system.},
journal = {Seminars in immunopathology},
volume = {46},
number = {5},
pages = {14},
pmid = {39212791},
issn = {1863-2300},
support = {NWO-TTW project 16518//NWO domain Applied and Engineered Sciences/ ; Danone Research and Innovation//Danone Research and Innovation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/immunology ; *Immune System/immunology/metabolism ; *Fetal Development/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/immunology/etiology ; Maternal Exposure/adverse effects ; Infant, Newborn ; },
abstract = {The first 1000 days of life is a critical period of development in which adverse circumstances can have long-term consequences for the child's health. Maternal immune activation is associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the child. Aberrant immune responses have been reported in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, lasting effects of maternal immune activation on the offspring's immune system have been reported. Taken together, this indicates that the effect of maternal immune activation is not limited to the central nervous system. Here, we explore the impact of maternal immune activation on the immune system of the offspring. We first describe the development of the immune system and provide an overview of reported alterations in the cytokine profiles, immune cell profiles, immune cell function, and immune induction in pre-clinical models. Additionally, we highlight recent research on the impact of maternal COVID-19 exposure on the neonatal immune system and the potential health consequences for the child. Our review shows that maternal immune activation alters the offspring's immune system under certain conditions, but the reported effects are conflicting and inconsistent. In general, epigenetic modifications are considered the mechanism for fetal programming. The available data was insufficient to identify specific pathways that may contribute to immune programming. As a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, more research now focuses on the possible health effects of maternal immune activation on the offspring. Future research addressing the offspring's immune response to maternal immune activation can elucidate specific pathways that contribute to fetal immune programming and the long-term health effects for the offspring.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
Female
*Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/immunology
*Immune System/immunology/metabolism
*Fetal Development/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology
Animals
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Epigenesis, Genetic
Cytokines/metabolism
Neurodevelopmental Disorders/immunology/etiology
Maternal Exposure/adverse effects
Infant, Newborn

@article {pmid39212718,
year = {2024},
author = {de Carvalho Braga, G and Francisco, GR and Bagatini, MD},
title = {Current treatment of Psoriasis triggered by Cytokine Storm and future immunomodulation strategies.},
journal = {Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39212718},
issn = {1432-1440},
support = {404256/2021-0//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; 310606/2021-7//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; },
abstract = {Psoriasis is a chronic condition caused by an inflammation mediated mainly by cytokines and T cells. In COVID-19, the same type of imbalance is common, generating the Cytokine Storm and promoting a worsening in the skin conditions of patients with autoimmune disorders, such as Psoriasis. In this context, one of the main mediators of immune responses presented by SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is the Purinergic System. This immunological resource is capable of stimulating the hyperinflammatory state presented by infected individuals, mainly by the activity of the P2X7 receptor, culminating in the Cytokine Storm and consequently in the Psoriasis crisis. Currently, different drugs are used for patients with Psoriasis, such as immunosuppressants and small molecules; however, the safety of these drugs in infected patients has not been analyzed yet. In this context, studies are being developed to evaluate the possible administration of these traditional drugs to COVID-19 patients with Psoriasis crisis. Along with that, researchers must evaluate the potential of administrating P2X7 antagonists to these patients as well, improving both the systemic and the dermatological prognostics of patients, by reducing the Cytokine Storm and its general effects, but also avoiding the provocation of Psoriasis crisis.},
}

@article {pmid39211746,
year = {2024},
author = {Daodu, TB and Rugel, EJ and Lear, SA},
title = {Impact of Long COVID-19 on Health Outcomes Among Adults With Preexisting Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {CJC open},
volume = {6},
number = {8},
pages = {939-950},
doi = {10.1016/j.cjco.2024.03.003},
pmid = {39211746},
issn = {2589-790X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This review summarizes the impact of long COVID (LC) on the health of adults with preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertension.

METHODS: We searched Medline, Web of Science (Core Collection), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), without language restrictions, for articles published from December 1, 2019 through October 10, 2023, to ensure all relevant studies were captured. We included studies that enrolled adults (aged ≥18 years) diagnosed with CVD prior to COVID-19 infection whose infection was subsequently determined to be LC per the World Health Organization definition. We excluded studies with adults diagnosed with CVD concurrent with or subsequent to COVID-19 or with those who solely self-reported LC. We used a custom-built data extraction form to collect a range of study characteristics. Study quality was assessed using modified versions of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute quality-assessment tools.

RESULTS: A total of 13,779 studies were identified; 53 were included in the final analysis. Of these, 27 were of good quality and 26 were of fair quality. Health outcomes consisted of the presence of prolonged symptoms of LC (n = 29), physiological health outcomes (n = 20), lifestyle behaviours (n = 19), psycho-social outcomes (n = 13), CVD complications (n = 5), and death and hospital readmission (n = 5). Thirty-four studies incorporated 2 or more outcomes, and 19 integrated only 1.

CONCLUSIONS: Given the significant impact of LC among individuals with preexisting CVD, specially tailored clinical management is needed for members of this population. Additional studies on the impact of LC among those with CVD and other underlying conditions also would be beneficial.},
}

@article {pmid39210452,
year = {2024},
author = {Dong, S and Wang, Y and Ding, Y},
title = {Opportunities and challenges encountered in managing cervical cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.},
journal = {Infectious agents and cancer},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {41},
pmid = {39210452},
issn = {1750-9378},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic, while putting pressure on the global healthcare system, has had a significant impact on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities presented to cervical cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and to provide lessons for better coping with cervical cancer in future pandemics.

METHODS: The search terms included the following: SARS-CoV-2 and/or COVID-19 with cervical cancer and HPV. The initial literature search began on June 1, 2022 and ended on March 1, 2023.

OUTCOME: COVID-19 has hindered the cervical cancer screening, delayed the diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer, increased the public's anxiety, and negatively affected the management of cervical cancer. However, the occurrence of COVID-19 pandemic has promoted the development of new human papillomavirus (HPV) tests and improved the rates of HPV self-sampling, offering a small window of opportunity to eliminate cervical cancer.

CONCLUSIONS: In the next few years, the COVID-19 pandemic will come to an end, and the eradication of cervical cancer should always be carried out. We should draw lessons and experience from this global pandemic, and make efforts for the subsequent eradication of cervical cancer.},
}

@article {pmid39210399,
year = {2024},
author = {Fleischmann-Struzek, C and Joost, FEA and Pletz, MW and Weiß, B and Paul, N and Ely, EW and Reinhart, K and Rose, N},
title = {How are Long-Covid, Post-Sepsis-Syndrome and Post-Intensive-Care-Syndrome related? A conceptional approach based on the current research literature.},
journal = {Critical care (London, England)},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {283},
pmid = {39210399},
issn = {1466-609X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; *Sepsis/complications ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Critical Care/methods ; Critical Illness ; },
abstract = {Long-Covid (LC), Post-Sepsis-Syndrome (PSS) and Post-Intensive-Care-Syndrome (PICS) show remarkable overlaps in their clinical presentation. Nevertheless, it is unclear if they are distinct syndromes, which may co-occur in the same patient, or if they are three different labels to describe similar symptoms, assigned on the basis on patient history and professional perspective of the treating physician. Therefore, we reviewed the current literature on the relation between LC, PSS and PICS. To date, the three syndromes cannot reliably be distinguished due similarities in clinical presentation as they share the cognitive, psychological and physical impairments with only different probabilities of occurrence and a heterogeneity in individual expression. The diagnosis is furthermore hindered by a lack of specific diagnostic tools. It can be concluded that survivors after COVID-19 sepsis likely have more frequent and more severe consequences than patients with milder COVID-19 courses, and that are some COVID-19-specific sequelae, e.g. an increased risk for venous thromboembolism in the 30 days after the acute disease, which occur less often after sepsis of other causes. Patients may profit from leveraging synergies from PICS, PSS and LC treatment as well as from experiences gained from infection-associated chronic conditions in general. Disentangling molecular pathomechanisms may enable future targeted therapies that go beyond symptomatic treatment.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology
*Sepsis/complications
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Critical Care/methods
Critical Illness

@article {pmid39210357,
year = {2024},
author = {Quinn, TM and Bruce, AM and Burt, T and Dhaliwal, K},
title = {Phase 0 trials/ Intra-Target-Microdosing (ITM) and the lung: a review.},
journal = {BMC pulmonary medicine},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {425},
pmid = {39210357},
issn = {1471-2466},
mesh = {Humans ; *Lung/diagnostic imaging ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Drug Development/methods ; COVID-19 ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of efficient drug discovery in respiratory disease. The traditional set up of clinical trials is expensive and allows for significant attrition of new drugs, many of which undergo extensive safety testing before being abandoned for lack of efficacy. Phase 0 trials, named as they sit between pre-clinical research and phase I, allow for the testing of sub-clinical microdoses in humans to gather early pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) and mechanistic data, before deciding on which drugs to advance further. This early data can improve the efficiency and cost effectiveness of drug development and reduce the extent of animal testing. Phase 0 trials traditionally have utilised sub-therapeutic microdoses of compounds administered intravenously with readouts focusing on PK - measured using highly sensitive methods such as accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) of peripheral blood, as well as whole-body positron emission tomography (PET). Mathematical models allow for extrapolation of this PK data to support the further testing of larger, systemically effective doses. However, this extrapolation method is limited at providing robust PD or target engagement/ mode of action data. Using an Intra-Target Microdosing (ITM) approach, a small compartment of the body (about 1% or less) is exposed to potentially clinically active local concentrations. This allows for the collection of PD data, evidence of target cell engagement, as well as the opportunity to extrapolate systemic PK and PD data. This approach has the potential within the pulmonary system for the study and rapid and cost-effective development of new and repurposed drugs.},
}

Humans
*Lung/diagnostic imaging
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
SARS-CoV-2
Drug Development/methods
COVID-19
Clinical Trials as Topic