@article {pmid41564895,
year = {2026},
author = {Gray, GC and Vlasova, AN and Lednicky, JA and Nguyen-Tien, T and Shittu, I and Li, F},
title = {Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats from Influenza D and Canine Coronavirus HuPn-2018.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3201/eid3201.251764},
pmid = {41564895},
issn = {1080-6059},
abstract = {In 2009 and again in 2019, public health warnings were confirmed by the emergence, rapid widespread transmission, and lethality of novel influenza and coronaviruses. The world continues to suffer disease from these respiratory viruses. Two newly recognized emergent respiratory viruses, influenza D and canine coronavirus HuPn-2018, have been shown to have considerable potential for causing future human epidemics, but diagnostics and surveillance for the viruses are lacking. We reviewed data regarding influenza D virus and coronavirus canine coronavirus HuPn-2018. Those data strongly indicate that these viruses are major newly recognized threats. However, little is being done to respond to or prevent disease associated with these viruses, warranting the question of whether we will learn from previous pandemics.},
}

@article {pmid41564840,
year = {2026},
author = {Faijue, DD and Bouaddi, O and Mackey, K and Deal, A and Cinar, EN and Morais, B and Bojang, S and Al-Sharabi, I and Seale, H and Ssali, A and Le Doare, K and Hargreaves, S},
title = {Strategies, interventions, and uptake of catch-up vaccination among adolescent and adult migrants, refugees, and internally displaced persons (IDPs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): A systematic review.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {75},
number = {},
pages = {128249},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128249},
pmid = {41564840},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Catch-up vaccination helps close immunity gaps among migrants, refugees and internally displaced people (IDPs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite immunisation life-course policies and global guidelines promoting catch-up vaccination of arriving migrants, vaccination strategies for adolescent and adult populations are poorly described. We synthesised evidence on catch-up vaccination strategies and interventions, delivery platforms, uptake and coverage, and contextual barriers and enablers in LMICs.

METHODS: We searched Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, Web of Science and grey literature sources (including websites of international and national public health organisations and agencies) for primary studies and reports on catch-up vaccination strategies and interventions, delivery platforms, uptake and coverage, and contextual barriers and enablers targeting adolescents (9-18 years) and, or adults (≥19 years) in migrants (foreign-born, including refugees) and internally displaced people (IDPs; displaced within national borders) across 136 LMICs, (from January 1st 2000 to February 1st 2025; all languages). Study quality was accessed using ROBINS-I, CASP, AACODS and, AGREE II tools.

RESULTS: Thirty-seven records met the inclusion criteria (13 peer-reviewed, 24 grey literature), reporting catch-up vaccination activities across 16 LMICs. Most studies were conducted in Uganda (n = 6), Bangladesh (n = 4), Lebanon (n = 3), and Kenya (n = 3). Interventions reached ≥48,000 migrants, refugees, and IDPs (primarily Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh during COVID-19 catch-up campaigns). Populations targeted included mostly refugees (n = 16 studies; 43.2%), general migrants (n = 14; 37.8%), and IDPs (n = 5; 13.5%), with a smaller number involving mixed or other migrant groups (n = 4; 10.8%). The most frequently delivered vaccines were measles-rubella (n = 12; 32.4%), COVID-19 primary-series catch-up (n = 9; 24.3%), HPV (n = 6; 16.2%), polio OPV/IPV (n = 5; 13.5%), and Hepatitis B (n = 3; 8.1%). Catch-up vaccine delivery most commonly occurred through primary care via opportunistic offers (n = 11) and mobile/outreach delivery (n = 11), with additional implementation in fixed posts in camps/settlements (n = 7), supplemental immunisation activities (SIAs) (n = 6), school-linked delivery (n = 5), and hospital/outpatient opportunistic vaccination (n = 4). High uptake (≥85%) was reported where access barriers were minimised (e.g., walk-in availability, extended hours) was paired with community or peer engagement and simple recall systems (SMS or e-booking). Reported barriers included documentation/entitlement checks, language barriers, and fragmented or non-interoperable vaccination records.

CONCLUSIONS: Migrants remain at risk of under-immunisation, and greater emphasis must be placed on promotion of vaccination across the life-course for missed vaccines, doses, and boosters. Strengthening catch-up vaccination in adolescents and adults, and improving migration-disaggregated data and delivery systems, are urgently needed.},
}

@article {pmid41564655,
year = {2026},
author = {Joseph, SS and Al-Jarrah, L and Ahmed, MH and El-Menyar, A and Khan, NA and Abdelrahman, H and Consunji, R and Abdulrahman, Y and Rizoli, S and Al-Thani, H},
title = {Scoping review on motorcycle crashes patterns, risk factors, and potential in setting policy priorities in the gulf cooperation council countries (GCC).},
journal = {Injury},
volume = {57},
number = {3},
pages = {113017},
doi = {10.1016/j.injury.2026.113017},
pmid = {41564655},
issn = {1879-0267},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although road traffic injuries (RTIs) pose a significant public health burden in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries (GCC), the true extent of motorcycle crash injuries (MCCIs) remains unclear because of limited published data from this region. Emerging evidence suggests that MCCIs are on the rise because of the growing use of motorcycles for transport and delivery services, even though road safety overall has improved. We sought to review regional evidence on MCCIs' patterns, key risk factors, and temporal trends to inform policy interventions and research priorities for effective prevention.

METHODS: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Articles on GCC MCCIs published from July 2008 to October 2025, examining injury patterns, mortality, and safety practices, were included in the review. Search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and grey literature sources. The GCC consists of six countries: Saudi Arabia (KSA), Qatar, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, and Oman.

RESULTS: Of 1344 studies identified, 9 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The GCC has seen an increase in the number of motorcycles registered, resulting in higher MCC rates over time. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these rates surged again as the delivery sector grew. MCCI victims were mainly young males (mean age of 29 years). Extremity injuries were the most frequent (two-thirds), followed by head injuries (20-41%), often associated with poor helmet use compliance (range 13-17%). Delivery riders represented a high-risk subgroup, reflecting occupational exposure, fatigue, and time pressure. Despite advances in trauma care, geographic gaps persist. Helmet use non-compliance, alcohol use, and inadequate documentation remain significant risk factors. Extremity injuries were the most common in the GCC.

CONCLUSION: MCCIs in the GCC are on the rise with high rates of extremity and head trauma. Poor helmet use compliance is a significant factor. Therefore, we suggest strengthening helmet use laws and safety standards, increasing community efforts, and establishing motorcycle lanes with lower speed limits. Protection for riders at work should be enhanced. Road infrastructure and robust data systems also need improvement.},
}

@article {pmid41564537,
year = {2026},
author = {Asokan, S and Damilare, II and Kumar, S and Pandey, RK and Verma, G and Banerjee, N and Radhamanalan, G and Vijayan, S and Jacob, T and Rajeswary, D},
title = {From pandemic influenza to novel coronaviruses: emerging infectious diseases of the 21st century.},
journal = {Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease},
volume = {114},
number = {4},
pages = {117277},
doi = {10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117277},
pmid = {41564537},
issn = {1879-0070},
abstract = {Emerging infectious diseases have risen significantly in the twenty-first century as ecological disruption, climate change, expanding human-animal interfaces, and global mobility intensify opportunities for pathogen transmission. This review synthesizes historical and contemporary evidence across viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic threats to characterize how diverse pathogens emerge and spread. Foundational events such as the 1918 influenza pandemic, mid-century influenza pandemics, the emergence of HIV/AIDS, and the eradication of smallpox provide context for understanding modern disease dynamics. In recent decades, coronaviruses including SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2, pandemic H1N1, avian influenza subtypes, and major arboviruses such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, West Nile virus, and yellow fever have demonstrated the rapidity with which zoonotic pathogens can disseminate globally. Viral hemorrhagic fevers including Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever remain critical threats, especially in regions with limited health-care capacity. Concurrently, antimicrobial resistance, the emergence of Candida auris, and the climate-driven expansion of endemic mycoses involving Histoplasma, Coccidioides, and Blastomyces highlight the increasing importance of fungal pathogens. Parasitic diseases such as artemisinin-resistant malaria, zoonotic trypanosomiasis, and expanding Leishmania transmission reflect shifting ecological conditions. These patterns are shaped by intersecting drivers including deforestation, wildlife trade, agricultural intensification, urban crowding, conflict, and rapid microbial evolution that enable spillover and sustained transmission. Although advances in genomic surveillance, metagenomic diagnostics, mRNA vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and broad-spectrum antivirals have strengthened global response capacity, substantial gaps persist in equity, surveillance, and access to countermeasures. Strengthening One Health systems and resilient public health infrastructures is essential to anticipate and mitigate emerging infectious threats.},
}

@article {pmid41563924,
year = {2026},
author = {Taylor, FE and Guo, H and Patel, T and Burns, F},
title = {A mixed methods systematic review on the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers' knowledge, attitudes and practices of infection prevention and control in the UK.},
journal = {The Journal of hospital infection},
volume = {167},
number = {},
pages = {124-136},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhin.2025.10.011},
pmid = {41563924},
issn = {1532-2939},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *Health Personnel/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; *Infection Control/methods ; Personal Protective Equipment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Cross Infection/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) in the UK. It is important to understand if infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines are being followed to prevent future outbreaks and improve preparedness for the emergence of infectious disease. This mixed-methods systematic review aimed to explore the COVID-19 IPC knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of healthcare workers (HCWs) within the UK. Database searches carried out during April 2023 and July 2024 revealed 24 eligible papers (12 quantitative, eight qualitative, four mixed methods). A convergent integrated approach was used during qualitative synthesis. Doctors were most represented, followed by nurses then pharmacists. Personal protective equipment (PPE) was the most reported IPC measure. In terms of knowledge, articles reported moderate-to-poor knowledge of correct aerosol-generating procedures (range 33-35%), and donning and doffing procedures (range 3-82%). Intensive care workers and doctors tended to have better knowledge compared with other settings or HCWs. Regarding attitudes, PPE and gatekeeping visitation caused strain, and some HCWs felt that guidance lacked relevance to their setting. Finally, regarding practices, this review found that HCWs would risk assess what PPE to wear. An enhanced level of PPE than advised was worn when patients were symptomatic. However, HCWs would remove PPE when they felt it reduced effective communication or patient safety was at risk. Clearer communication of the evidence behind IPC guidance and tailored guidance for each setting may improve HCWs' KAP and thus reduce HCAIs. Future research should determine KAP of other IPC apart from PPE. Non-medical HCWs should also be included as they constitute a significant proportion of patient-facing staff.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
*Health Personnel/psychology/statistics & numerical data
*Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
United Kingdom/epidemiology
*Infection Control/methods
Personal Protective Equipment
SARS-CoV-2
*Attitude of Health Personnel
Cross Infection/prevention & control

@article {pmid41563477,
year = {2026},
author = {Giesen, N and Mellinghoff, SC and Khatamzas, E and Korell, F and Hentrich, M and Einsele, H and Henze, L and Heußel, CP and Hohmann, C and Jensen, BO and Monin, MB and Schafhausen, P and Schalk, E and Spiekermann, K and Voigt, S and von Lilienfeld-Toal, M and Teschner, D and Cornely, OA and Rieger, C and Busch, E},
title = {Prevention, diagnosis and management of community acquired respiratory virus infections including COVID-19 in patients with cancer: 2025 updated evidence-based guideline of the infectious diseases working party (AGIHO) of the German society for hematology and medical oncology (DGHO).},
journal = {Annals of hematology},
volume = {105},
number = {2},
pages = {46},
pmid = {41563477},
issn = {1432-0584},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology/complications ; *Neoplasms/complications/therapy ; *Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis/prevention & control/therapy ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/prevention & control/therapy ; Medical Oncology/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Germany/epidemiology ; Societies, Medical ; Hematology/standards ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Immunocompromised Host ; },
abstract = {Community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARV), such as influenza-, parainfluenza- or respiratory syncytial virus, pose a significant threat to immunocompromised patients with cancer. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 has now joined the ranks of endemic respiratory viruses and continues to be a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Strategies to protect this vulnerable patient population both by prevention of infection and by early therapeutic intervention in case of infectious disease are therefore of utmost importance. This guideline provides updated evidence-based recommendations on diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of CARV infections including COVID-19 in patients with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies to support clinicians in offering optimal care. The guideline is based on a systematic review of currently available data and was developed until the beginning of 2025 by an expert panel of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO).},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology/complications
*Neoplasms/complications/therapy
*Community-Acquired Infections/diagnosis/prevention & control/therapy
*Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/prevention & control/therapy
Medical Oncology/standards
SARS-CoV-2
Germany/epidemiology
Societies, Medical
Hematology/standards
Evidence-Based Medicine
Immunocompromised Host

@article {pmid41562814,
year = {2025},
author = {Hattori, T},
title = {Neutrophil-Galectin-9 Axis Linking Innate and Adaptive Immunity in ATL, Sézary Syndrome, COVID-19, and Psoriasis: An AI-Assisted Integrative Review.},
journal = {Reports (MDPI)},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/reports9010016},
pmid = {41562814},
issn = {2571-841X},
abstract = {Beyond their traditional role as short-lived antimicrobial cells, neutrophils are increasingly recognized as key regulators of adaptive immunity and tumor progression. This AI-assisted integrative review investigated the neutrophil-T-cell axis, particularly the role of Galectin-9 (Gal-9), across adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), Sézary syndrome (SS), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and psoriasis. Leveraging AI tools (GPT-5 and Adobe Acrobat AI Assistant) for literature synthesis (2000-2025) and expert validation, we aimed to identify common immunological mechanisms. Across all conditions, neutrophils displayed persistent activation, elevated Gal-9 expression, and modulated T-cell interactions. In ATL and SS, neutrophilia correlated with poor survival and TCR signaling dysregulation, suggesting Gal-9-mediated immune modulation. In COVID-19 and psoriasis, neutrophil-derived Gal-9-linked innate hyperactivation to T-cell exhaustion and IL-17-driven inflammation. These findings define a recurring neutrophil-Gal-9 regulatory module connecting innate and adaptive immune responses. This study underscores the feasibility of combining AI-driven literature synthesis with expert review to identify unifying immunological mechanisms and therapeutic targets across malignancy and inflammation.},
}

@article {pmid41562685,
year = {2026},
author = {Ghibu, AM and Maniu, I and Birlutiu, V},
title = {Severity Scores in SARS-CoV-2 Infection-A Comprehensive Bibliometric Review and Visualization Analysis.},
journal = {Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/epidemiologia7010008},
pmid = {41562685},
issn = {2673-3986},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Discovered in 2019, COVID-19 spread rapidly worldwide, leading from mild forms of the disease to critical forms or death, predominantly among vulnerable patients. Severity scores help clinicians in stratifying the risk of complications and death among patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

METHODS: This study aims to identify the severity scores used in this type of infection, while bibliometric analysis carried out provided a comprehensive overview of global research patterns, trends, and cooperation in scientific literature on the chosen topic.

RESULTS: We conducted a literature screening to identify severity scores used in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Scores including CURB-54, COVID-GRAM, NEWS, APACHE II, SOFA, qSOFA, CALL, MuLBSTA, ISARIC 4C, and PADUA were identified with different performance indices.

CONCLUSIONS: There were different results obtained depending on the geographical area of applicability, patient groups analyzed, and individual patient characteristics.},
}

@article {pmid41562595,
year = {2026},
author = {Kotsias-Konopelska, S and Thielecke, M},
title = {Infections After International Travel: Relevant Diagnoses in Children and Adolescents.},
journal = {Deutsches Arzteblatt international},
volume = {},
number = {Forthcoming},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3238/arztebl.m2025.0201},
pmid = {41562595},
issn = {1866-0452},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Families can acquire infections that are rare or nonexistent in Germany by international travel for business or private reasons and by migration between countries. Children and adolescents have special risk profiles, and their course of illness may be nonspecific and/or severe. A structured travel history is essential so that regionally specific infections will not be overlooked.

METHODS: This narrative review is based on publications of the last 25 years that were retrieved by a PubMed search on infections after international travel, with an emphasis on retrospective and prospective studies and on articles with separate data on minors. Further information from books, guidelines, surveillance studies, reports of the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, meta-analyses, reviews, and position statements was considered as well.

RESULTS: Reported case numbers of infectious diseases imported from abroad fell during the COVID-19 pandemic and have since risen again. Among diseases that are usually or exclusively acquired abroad, those most commonly affecting children and adolescents were giardiasis, tuberculosis, hepatitis A and malaria, with 695, 372, 344, and 128 cases in 2024. Less common ones included dengue fever (81 cases) and typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever (45 cases).

CONCLUSION: Regionally specific infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fever, gastrointestinal disturbances, and skin conditions in children and adolescents after international travel. It is critical that relevant diseases including malaria and typhoid fever/paratyphoid fever must be promptly diagnosed or ruled out. Because resistance patterns differ across regions of the globe, targeted determination of the pathogenic organism including a resistogram is important. The possibility of chronic infection should be considered in particular after long stays abroad.},
}

@article {pmid41561870,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, W and Xing, Y and Zhao, F and Wang, Y},
title = {Mobile apps, AI, and teletherapy: a comprehensive review of digital mental health tools for nurses.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1686766},
pmid = {41561870},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mobile Applications ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Burnout, Professional/prevention & control/therapy ; *Telemedicine ; *Nurses/psychology ; Mental Health ; *Artificial Intelligence ; Mental Health Teletherapy ; },
abstract = {Chronic understaffing, workplace violence, moral distress, rotating shifts, and administrative burdens have created a global mental health crisis for nurses. Around half to two-thirds of nurses report symptoms of burnout, and large surveys have found high levels of depression and anxiety among nursing staff. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these issues, increasing absenteeism, turnover, and error rates. Barriers to care-such as stigma, cost, and limited access in rural areas-mean that many nurses remain untreated. Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) offer scalable, flexible, and often anonymous support tailored to nurses' schedules and risks. These include teletherapy platforms, AI-driven chatbots and support systems, mobile mental health apps, and hybrid digital-human models. Recent studies (2020-2025) suggest DMHIs can reduce anxiety, depression, and burnout while improving resilience, job satisfaction, and retention. However, obstacles such as unequal access, variable digital literacy, privacy concerns, and limited long-term evidence slow adoption. This review synthesizes current research on DMHI types and efficacy, and examines factors affecting their accessibility and integration into nursing practice. We also discuss cultural and ethical considerations and strategies for involving nurses in designing these tools. Our analysis identifies gaps and opportunities for developing nurse-centered digital mental health solutions that strengthen the workforce and improve patient care.},
}

Humans
*Mobile Applications
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Burnout, Professional/prevention & control/therapy
*Telemedicine
*Nurses/psychology
Mental Health
*Artificial Intelligence
Mental Health Teletherapy

@article {pmid41561654,
year = {2026},
author = {Bakare, IS and Olaiya, VO and Badero, OJ and Okirie, CF},
title = {Neurological Complications Associated With COVID-19 Compared to Other Viral Infections: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {e101817},
pmid = {41561654},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Neurological complications have become one of the most concerning features of COVID-19, yet clinicians still lack a clear comparison between these findings and what is seen in other viral infections. Understanding where SARS-CoV-2 fits, whether it behaves like influenza and dengue or follows an entirely different pattern, is essential for diagnosis, management, and planning long-term care. We conducted a systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD420251064831). Searches across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2000-2025) identified 24 eligible studies, including observational cohorts, clinical trials, case series, autopsy work, and national surveillance data. Because of the wide variation in study design and reporting, a narrative synthesis was used. Across the 24 studies, COVID-19 exhibited the widest and most severe spectrum of neurological involvement. Reported central nervous system complications included ischemic stroke, encephalopathy or encephalitis, seizures, and extensive microglial and white-matter injury in fatal cases. Peripheral complications were also prominent, such as anosmia, demyelinating neuropathies, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, functional movement disorders, and persistent abnormalities on nerve conduction testing long after recovery. In contrast, neurological complications from influenza were less frequent and mostly involved encephalitis/encephalopathy, seizures, meningitis, GBS, or myelitis, with generally low mortality. Dengue virus has been associated with a spectrum of direct neurotropic effects and immune-mediated syndromes, including encephalitis, GBS, myelitis, brachial neuritis, and myositis. Most patients recovered, and mortality remained low. Compared with influenza and dengue, COVID-19 stands out for both the breadth and severity of its neurological manifestations, as well as the persistence of symptoms in many survivors. These findings highlight the need for early neurological evaluation in COVID-19, structured follow-up after recovery, and more consistent research methods to allow better comparisons across viral infections.},
}

@article {pmid41561503,
year = {2025},
author = {Bravo-Valenzuela, NJM and Panizzi, TT and de Souza, KA and Stutz, GB and Aurelio, RVM and Rodrigues, MCF and de Almeida, RG and Lemos, FMCF and Araújo, AL and Sztajnbok, FR and Fonseca, AR},
title = {Cardiovascular abnormalities in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children related to COVID-19.},
journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1635723},
pmid = {41561503},
issn = {2296-2360},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic began with the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019. Although children usually have milder acute symptoms, they can develop severe systemic symptoms termed pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). This study reviews research in children and adolescents diagnosed with MIS-C, focusing on cardiovascular abnormalities.

METHODOLOGY: This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. The review protocol was prospectively registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CDR420251232497). A search strategy was constructed to identify the studies focusing on cardiovascular abnormalities in children and adolescents with MIS-C published in Portuguese and English at PubMed and Scielo from January 2020 to February 2025. The eligibility criteria and data extraction strategy were guided by the PICO framework.

CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial dysfunction and coronary abnormalities are the most frequent cardiovascular features in patients with MIS-C. Strain technology in echocardiography identifies early myocardial dysfunction, with studies showing persistent subclinical injuries. Despite ejection fraction and coronary anomalies returning to normal short to medium term, long-term cardiovascular effects of MIS-C remain uncertain, necessitating ongoing cardiology monitoring.},
}

@article {pmid41561087,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, CK and Woodward, M and Hohenberg, MI and Tang, JW},
title = {Charting the research frontier for viral infections, immunomodulation, and dementia: a perspective on synaptic biomarkers as essential clinical trial endpoints.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1701760},
pmid = {41561087},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid ; *Dementia/cerebrospinal fluid ; *Immunomodulation ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Alzheimer Disease/cerebrospinal fluid ; *Synapses/metabolism ; *Virus Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The viral-inflammatory hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease offers a new paradigm, yet interventions like antivirals and vaccination present a paradox that challenge therapeutic development. This perspective examines the critical research gap concerning cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) synaptic biomarkers in immunomodulatory therapy trials. Following decades of partially successful amyloid-centric trials, focus has shifted to upstream triggers including viral infections like Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1, Varicella Zoster Virus, and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. While large observational and quasi-experimental studies suggest antivirals and vaccines reduce long-term dementia risk, the first major antiviral randomized controlled trial (Valacyclovir for Alzheimer's Disease) was negative. This perspective posits that this paradox arises from a fundamental flaw in trial design: the absence of synaptic integrity biomarkers. Synaptic loss, not amyloid or tau burden, is the strongest correlate of cognitive decline. Therefore, CSF synaptic protein biomarkers such as the prognostic YWHAG: NPTX2 ratio, postsynaptic Neurogranin (Ng), and presynaptic Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43) are the most clinically relevant endpoints. The paradoxical trial results may arise from omitting these synaptic measures, creating a mechanistic "black box" obscuring their true biological effects. A strategic framework is proposed, centered on the mandatory inclusion of CSF synaptic biomarkers and relevant co-pathology markers like TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43; a proteinopathy linked to viral triggers) in all antiviral and vaccine trials. This approach is critical to resolve existing paradoxes, elucidate mechanisms of neuroprotection, and accelerate developing effective therapies that preserve synaptic integrity to prevent and treat dementia.},
}

Humans
*Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid
*Dementia/cerebrospinal fluid
*Immunomodulation
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
Alzheimer Disease/cerebrospinal fluid
*Synapses/metabolism
*Virus Diseases/cerebrospinal fluid/drug therapy
Clinical Trials as Topic
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41560849,
year = {2026},
author = {McKeague, S and Seymour, JF},
title = {Triplet regimens for frontline treatment of CLL-Great company or just a crowd?.},
journal = {HemaSphere},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {e70303},
pmid = {41560849},
issn = {2572-9241},
abstract = {Standard frontline treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is with fixed-duration venetoclax-based doublets or indefinite covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKI). Although these approaches achieve excellent results, venetoclax doublets have diminished efficacy in high-risk biological subgroups, and indefinite covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (cBTKI) is associated with cumulative cardiovascular and infectious toxicity. Triplet regimens for treatment of CLL involve simultaneous use of cBTKI, venetoclax, and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Three major frontline Phase 3 trials (CLL-13/GAIA, AMPLIFY, and A041702) have demonstrated higher rates of undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD) and longer remissions with triplets than doublets, particularly in patients with IGHV-unmutated (IGHV-U) disease. However, this comes at the cost of increased infectious toxicity, particularly with COVID-19, and thus has translated into a variable impact on progression-free survival (PFS) and, to-date, no overall survival (OS) benefit. Although there are promising Phase 2 data for triplets in patients with TP53 aberrant or relapsed disease, the heterogeneity of treatment duration/MRD definition, lack of control arm, and potential increased toxicity make it premature to use triplets in these groups. We recommend considering triplets in treatment naïve CLL patients with IGHV-U, TP53 wild type, anticipated low incidence/good tolerance of Gr ≥ 3 infection (<70 years old, no major comorbidity and fully immunized) who are well informed and prioritize maximal time off therapy at the expense of increased short-term logistical complexity. Future triplet research should focus on randomized trials in specific genomic subgroups, incorporating novel agents (e.g., non-covalent BTKI, BTK degrader, and next-generation BCL2 inhibitors) and new ways of adapting treatment duration to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity.},
}

@article {pmid41559432,
year = {2026},
author = {Arziman, S and Aydemir, S and Bozok, V},
title = {Decoding miRNA-Mediated Immunoregulation in SARS-CoV-2, HBV, HIV, and HSV Infections.},
journal = {Genes and immunity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41559432},
issn = {1476-5470},
abstract = {Eukaryotic cells regulate gene expression through multiple checkpoints, including post-transcriptional mechanisms mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). These small non-coding RNAs inhibit translation by binding to target mRNAs, often within a complex regulatory network involving other RNA species such as circular RNAs and long non-coding RNAs. miRNAs are now recognised as central players in the pathogenesis, immune modulation, and progression of infectious diseases. In this review, we thoroughly examine studies published over the past five years, focusing on miRNAs involved in immune regulation during four major viral infections: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and herpes simplex virus. Our analysis centres on the core signalling pathways most frequently targeted by miRNAs: NF-κB, MAPK, JAK-STAT, TGF-β/Smad, and pattern-recognition receptor-associated cascades. Among the miRNAs most prominently implicated are miR-21, miR-146a, miR-150, and miR-155. These miRNAs modulate key signalling pathways, thereby influencing macrophage polarisation, T- and natural killer cell activity, antigen presentation, and inflammatory cytokine production. In addition, virus-encoded miRNAs and ceRNA or extracellular vesicle-mediated interactions are discussed where mechanistically validated, illustrating virus-specific regulatory layers. Collectively, this integrative synthesis underscores the pivotal roles of miRNAs in orchestrating antiviral immunity and highlights their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in viral infections. A better understanding of miRNA-mediated immunoregulation may pave the way for precision interventions aimed at improving immune control and patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41371248,
year = {2026},
author = {Ewig, S and Hinze, CA and Vogelmaier, C and Stierl, M and Rademacher, J},
title = {[Recommendations for vaccination of adults for respiratory physicians].},
journal = {Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)},
volume = {80},
number = {1},
pages = {21-26},
doi = {10.1055/a-2732-6651},
pmid = {41371248},
issn = {1438-8790},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination/standards ; Adult ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic ; *Pulmonary Medicine/standards ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {This review gives recommendations to respiratory physicians regarding vaccination of adults. It is based on the most recent recommendations of the STIKO and includes vaccination against pneumococci, influenzavirus, RSV, and SARS-CoV2, as also Herpes Zoster and pertussis. A graph provides support for decision making by visually summarizing these recommendations, facilitating the assessment of possible coadministrations, and supporting the rapid, evidence-based implementation in clinical practice.},
}

Humans
*Vaccination/standards
Adult
*Practice Guidelines as Topic
*Pulmonary Medicine/standards
COVID-19/prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage

@article {pmid41353643,
year = {2025},
author = {Abreu, C and Peres, S and Cunha, F and Miranda, J and Nunes-Silva, C and Silva-Pinto, A and Ribeiro-Dias, L and Oliveira, J},
title = {[Vaccination Recommendations for the Immunocompromised Adult Patient].},
journal = {Acta medica portuguesa},
volume = {38},
number = {12},
pages = {814-827},
doi = {10.20344/amp.22966},
pmid = {41353643},
issn = {1646-0758},
mesh = {Adult ; Humans ; *Immunocompromised Host ; *Vaccination/standards ; },
abstract = {The manuscript collates indications for vaccination in immunocompromised adults based on recommendations from leading international institutions. These individuals have increased vulnerability to vaccine-preventable infectious diseases, and their immune response to vaccination is often weaker than that of immunocompetent individuals. Therefore, whenever possible, it is important to assess vaccine response (serological or other). Emphasis is placed on adapting vaccination to the net state of immunosuppression, following a careful evaluation of risks, indications, contraindications, and the optimal timing for administration. Whenever feasible, vaccination should be carried out before the initiation of pharmacological immunosuppression, prior to splenectomy, or before receiving a solid organ transplant. Immunocompromised individuals are categorised into groups such as those with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, individuals who have undergone splenectomy, recipients of solid organ or haematopoietic transplants, people living with HIV, and those with congenital immunodeficiencies (inborn errors). The article describes vaccination recommendations for different clinical scenarios and types of immunosuppression. Vaccines against respiratory viral diseases, including influenza, COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus, as well as hepatitis A and B, varicella-zoster, and vaccines protecting against encapsulated bacteria such as pneumococci, meningococci, and Haemophilus influenzae, are discussed. Some vaccination recommendations in the context of travel and post-exposure prophylaxis in high-risk situations are included. The article also addresses the importance of vaccinating household contacts and healthcare professionals for additional protection. Finally, it highlights that ongoing advancements in vaccines and vaccination guidelines require continuous updates.},
}

Adult
Humans
*Immunocompromised Host
*Vaccination/standards

@article {pmid41249147,
year = {2025},
author = {Langer, R},
title = {Delivery of macromolecular drugs: An update.},
journal = {Quarterly reviews of biophysics},
volume = {58},
number = {},
pages = {e19},
doi = {10.1017/S0033583525100073},
pmid = {41249147},
issn = {1469-8994},
mesh = {Humans ; *Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; *Macromolecular Substances/administration & dosage/chemistry ; Nanoparticles/chemistry ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Machine Learning ; },
abstract = {In 2019, in this journal, I discussed approaches for controlling the movement of molecules, in particular macromolecules, with an emphasis on how this enabled advances in the field of drug delivery - a field that has impacted billions of people worldwide. Since 2019, there have been advances in our work and this field including a striking demonstration in which drug delivery nanoparticles were crucial to the success of mRNA therapies and the Covid-19 vaccine. In this paper, I provide updates in such areas as i) developing new methods for oral drug delivery systems, ii) delivery of molecules to specific sites of the body, iii) new types of delivery systems, and iv) examples of machine learning/artificial intelligence in these areas. I also discuss advances in mRNA technology as it relates to drug delivery and the development of nanoparticles to protect and deliver vaccines, which saved and improved the lives of hundreds of millions of people throughout the world.},
}

Humans
*Drug Delivery Systems/methods
*Macromolecular Substances/administration & dosage/chemistry
Nanoparticles/chemistry
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
COVID-19/prevention & control
Animals
SARS-CoV-2
Machine Learning

@article {pmid41022352,
year = {2026},
author = {Moffroid, H and Charani, E and Blagojevic, C and Bryce, A and Ovadia, A and Slater, M and Pryal, D and Careaga, RE and Yerramilli, A and Daneman, N and Tong, SYC and Ong, SWX},
title = {Funding and geographical distribution of clinical trials in infectious diseases.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {272-276},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2025.09.019},
pmid = {41022352},
issn = {1469-0691},
mesh = {Humans ; *Communicable Diseases/therapy/economics ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/economics ; *Research Support as Topic ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to map the funding flows in infectious disease randomized clinical trials (RCTs) by examining the relationships between funding sources and trial locations in high-impact journals.

METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of a previously published systematic review of 1343 infectious disease RCTs published (2014-2023) in ten selected high-impact English-language general medicine and infectious disease journals. Funding source, study site, and disease focus were extracted using a standardized data extraction form and analysed by country income level using World Bank classifications. Geographical distributions of funding and study sites were visualized using global heat maps. Funding flows between country income groups were visualized using a Sankey plot.

RESULTS: Of the 1343 trials, 1326 disclosed the funding source (98.7%). Most trials identified in this review were investigator-initiated (772/1326, 58.2%), with the U.S. government as the largest contributing funder (366/1326, 27.6%), and the National Institutes of Health specifically involved in funding 258 of 1326 (19.5%) of trials. When disaggregated, there was a total of 1808 unique funders. These overwhelmingly originated from high-income countries (1496/1808, 82.7%) compared with upper-middle-income (130/1808, 7.2%), low-middle-income (35/1808, 1.9%), and low-income (8/1808, 0.4%) countries. In contrast, the 4606 disaggregated locations of study by country were more distributed across income levels: high-income (2521/4606, 61.9%), upper-middle-income (918/4606, 22.5%), lower-middle-income (360/4606, 8,8%), and low-income (253/4606, 6.2%) countries. Disease focus varied geographically; trials focusing on critical care, bacterial infections, sexually transmitted infections, hepatitis, influenza, and COVID-19 were underrepresented in low-income settings.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals skewed geographical and funding distributions in the global landscape of infectious disease RCTs published in these ten selected English-language high-impact journals. As key funders reduce funding internationally, the impact on the research landscape may disproportionately affect lower-middle-income countries. Further efforts should be made to build sustainable funding models and research capacity in lower-middle-income countries.},
}

Humans
*Communicable Diseases/therapy/economics
*Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/economics
*Research Support as Topic

@article {pmid40936368,
year = {2025},
author = {Caffery, LJ and Taylor, ML and Abbott, LM and Janda, M and Guitera, P and Mar, V and Bennett, H and Arnold, C and Shumack, S and Caccetta, T and Miller, R and Soyer, HP},
title = {Practice Guidelines for Teledermatology in Australia: 2025 Update.},
journal = {The Australasian journal of dermatology},
volume = {66},
number = {8},
pages = {e553-e564},
pmid = {40936368},
issn = {1440-0960},
support = {//Australasian College of Dermatologists/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Dermatology/standards/methods ; Australia ; COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Telemedicine/standards ; Remote Consultation/standards ; *Skin Diseases/diagnosis ; Patient Selection ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Confidentiality ; Informed Consent ; },
abstract = {In 2020, [the Australasian College of Dermatologists] released its first teledermatology practice guidelines for Australia, with a commitment to regular updates. This article presents the revised guidelines, aimed at educating dermatologists on the benefits and limitations of telehealth, while promoting safer, higher-quality patient care. The updated guidelines harmonise with the Medical Board of Australia's 2023 telehealth guidelines. They address the growing use of telephone consultations-boosted by Medicare subsidies introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The latest guidelines provide recommendations on the appropriate choice of modality (telephone versus video) for teleconsultation. They also include updated guidance on clinical image acquisition. The guidelines are divided into two parts: (1) core recommendations and (2) supporting notes for practical application. Topics covered include teledermatology modalities, patient selection and consent, imaging standards, quality and safety, privacy and security, communication, and documentation, including image retention.},
}

Humans
*Dermatology/standards/methods
Australia
COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Telemedicine/standards
Remote Consultation/standards
*Skin Diseases/diagnosis
Patient Selection
SARS-CoV-2
Confidentiality
Informed Consent

@article {pmid40544726,
year = {2025},
author = {Okano, M and Okubo, K and Gotoh, M and Asako, M and Ohta, N and Kamijo, A and Kawashima, K and Sakashita, M and Sakurai, D and Terada, T and Nakamaru, Y and Yamada, T and Yonekura, S and Oka, A and Yamada, M and Yoshizaki, T},
title = {Practical guideline for the management of allergic rhinitis in Japan 2024.},
journal = {Auris, nasus, larynx},
volume = {52},
number = {4},
pages = {426-441},
doi = {10.1016/j.anl.2025.05.005},
pmid = {40544726},
issn = {1879-1476},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Japan ; *Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy ; *Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sublingual Immunotherapy ; },
abstract = {The Practical Guideline for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis in Japan was first published in 1993. After the COVID-19 pandemic, the current 10th edition was published in 2024. The most recent collection of evidence from the literature, such as the sustained post-treatment effect of sublingual immunotherapy on Japanese cedar pollinosis, was added to the revised guideline, which incorporates evidence-based medicine. In this revised guideline, a diagram illustrating the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis and the mechanisms of action of various pharmacological treatments has been added. Also included is a diagram that shows the mechanism of action of allergen immunotherapy and a more detailed description of the oral allergy syndrome. The clinical question and answer section was also revised along with the introduction of new questions, such as: Does anti-IgE antibody treatment effectively reduce the symptoms of severe seasonal allergic rhinitis? Also updated was the evidence-based step-by-step strategy for treatment.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/epidemiology
Desensitization, Immunologic
Japan
*Rhinitis, Allergic/therapy
*Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Sublingual Immunotherapy

@article {pmid39437797,
year = {2025},
author = {Siegal, DM and Tseng, EK and Schünemann, HJ and Angchaisuksiri, P and Cuker, A and Dane, K and DeSancho, MT and Diuguid, D and Griffin, DO and Klok, FA and Lee, AI and Neumann, I and Pai, A and Righini, M and Sanfilippo, KM and Terrell, DR and Akl, EA and Al Jabiri, R and Al Jabiri, Y and Barbara, AM and Bognanni, A and Akl, IB and Boulos, M and Brignardello-Petersen, R and Chan, M and Charide, R and Colunga-Lozano, LE and Dearness, K and Darzi, AJ and Hussein, H and Karam, SG and Kolb, P and Mansour, R and Morgano, GP and Morsi, RZ and Muti-Schünemann, G and Nadim, MK and Noori, A and Philip, BA and Piggott, T and Qiu, Y and Benitez, YR and Schünemann, F and Stevens, A and Solo, K and Wiercioch, W and Mustafa, RA and Nieuwlaat, R},
title = {American Society of Hematology living guidelines on use of anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis for patients with COVID-19: executive summary.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {1247-1260},
pmid = {39437797},
issn = {2473-9537},
mesh = {Humans ; *Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Societies, Medical ; United States ; Hematology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19-related critical and acute illness is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). These evidence-based recommendations of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) are intended to support patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals in decisions about using anticoagulation for thromboprophylaxis for patients with COVID-19-related critical illness; patients with COVID-19-related acute illness; and those being discharged from the hospital, who do not have suspected or confirmed VTE.

METHODS: ASH formed a multidisciplinary panel, including patient representatives. The Michael G. DeGroote Cochrane Canada and MacGRADE Centres at McMaster University supported guideline development, including performing systematic reviews (up to June 2023). The panel prioritized clinical questions and outcomes according to their importance for clinicians and patients. The panel used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to assess certainty in the evidence and make recommendations.

RESULTS: This is an executive summary of 3 updated recommendations that have been published, which concludes the living phase of the guidelines. For patients with COVID-19-related critical illness, the panel issued conditional recommendations suggesting (a) prophylactic-intensity over therapeutic-intensity anticoagulation and (b) prophylactic-intensity over intermediate-intensity anticoagulation. For patients with COVID-19-related acute illness, conditional recommendations were suggested (a) prophylactic-intensity over intermediate-intensity anticoagulation, and (b) therapeutic-intensity over prophylactic-intensity anticoagulation. The panel issued a conditional recommendation suggesting against the use of postdischarge anticoagulant thromboprophylaxis.

CONCLUSIONS: These conditional recommendations were made based on low or very low certainty in the evidence, underscoring the need for additional, high-quality, randomized controlled trials for patients with COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/complications
*Venous Thromboembolism/prevention & control/etiology
SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
Societies, Medical
United States
Hematology

@article {pmid38484712,
year = {2024},
author = {Lugnier, C and Sommerlatte, S and Attenberger, U and Beer, AJ and Bentz, M and Benz, SR and Birkner, T and Büntzel, J and Ebert, MPA and Fasching, P and Fischbach, W and Fokas, E and Fricke, B and Hense, H and Grohmann, E and Hofheinz, RD and Hüppe, D and Huster, S and Jahn, P and Klinkhammer-Schalke, M and Knauf, W and Kraeft, AL and Maier, BO and Marckmann, G and Niegisch, G and Otto, L and Pelzer, U and Piso, P and Rosenau, H and Schmitt, J and Schoffer, O and Sehouli, J and Tannapfel, A and Wedding, U and Wesselmann, S and Winkler, EC and Zimmermann, T and Wörmann, B and Reinacher-Schick, A and Schildmann, J},
title = {Prioritization and Resource Allocation in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations for Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer in Germany.},
journal = {Oncology research and treatment},
volume = {47},
number = {6},
pages = {296-305},
doi = {10.1159/000538171},
pmid = {38484712},
issn = {2296-5262},
mesh = {Humans ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy/epidemiology/diagnosis ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Germany ; Health Care Rationing/organization & administration ; Health Priorities ; *Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; *Resource Allocation ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a scarcity of resources with various effects on the care of cancer patients. This paper provides an English summary of a German guideline on prioritization and resource allocation for colorectal and pancreatic cancer in the context of the pandemic. Based on a selective literature review as well as empirical and ethical analyses, the research team of the CancerCOVID Consortium drafted recommendations for prioritizing diagnostic and treatment measures for both entities. The final version of the guideline received consent from the executive boards of nine societies of the Association of Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF), 20 further professional organizations and 22 other experts from various disciplines as well as patient representatives. The guiding principle for the prioritization of decisions is the minimization of harm. Prioritization decisions to fulfill this overall goal should be guided by (1) the urgency relevant to avoid or reduce harm, (2) the likelihood of success of the diagnostic or therapeutic measure advised, and (3) the availability of alternative treatment options. In the event of a relevant risk of harm as a result of prioritization, these decisions should be made by means of a team approach. Gender, age, disability, ethnicity, origin, and other social characteristics, such as social or insurance status, as well as the vehemence of a patient's treatment request and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status should not be used as prioritization criteria. The guideline provides concrete recommendations for (1) diagnostic procedures, (2) surgical procedures for cancer, and (3) systemic treatment and radiotherapy in patients with colorectal or pancreatic cancer within the context of the German healthcare system.},
}

Humans
*Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy/epidemiology/diagnosis
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Germany
Health Care Rationing/organization & administration
Health Priorities
*Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy/epidemiology
Pandemics
*Resource Allocation
*SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid38263182,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, XT and Zhi, S and Han, XY and Jiang, JW and Liu, GM and Rao, ST},
title = {A systematic two-sample and bidirectional MR process highlights a unidirectional genetic causal effect of allergic diseases on COVID-19 infection/severity.},
journal = {Journal of translational medicine},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {94},
pmid = {38263182},
issn = {1479-5876},
support = {2021J05050//Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Innovation Project/ ; 2021Y9030//Fujian Province Joint Innovation Project/ ; XRCZX2021009//Research start-up funds for high-level talents from Fujian Medical University/ ; 32072336//National Natural Scientific Foundation of China/ ; 31871720//National Natural Scientific Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Critical Illness ; *COVID-19 ; *Hypersensitivity ; *Asthma ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Allergic diseases (ADs) such as asthma are presumed risk factors for COVID-19 infection. However, recent observational studies suggest that the assumed correlation contradicts each other. We therefore systematically investigated the genetic causal correlations between various ADs and COVID-19 infection/severity.

METHODS: We performed a two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study for five types of ADs and the latest round of COVID-19 GWAS meta-analysis datasets (critically ill, hospitalized, and infection cases). We also further validated the significant causal correlations and elucidated the potential underlying molecular mechanisms.

RESULTS: With the most suitable MR method, asthma consistently demonstrated causal protective effects on critically ill and hospitalized COVID-19 cases (OR < 0.93, p < 2.01 × 10[-2]), which were further confirmed by another validated GWAS dataset (OR < 0.92, p < 4.22 × 10[-3]). In addition, our MR analyses also observed significant causal correlations of food allergies such as shrimp allergy with the risk of COVID-19 infection/severity. However, we did not find any significant causal effect of COVID-19 phenotypes on the risk of ADs. Regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms, not only multiple immune-related cells such as CD4[+] T, CD8[+] T and the ratio of CD4[+]/CD8[+] T cells showed significant causal effects on COVID-19 phenotypes and various ADs, the hematology traits including monocytes were also significantly correlated with them. Conversely, various ADs such as asthma and shrimp allergy may be causally correlated with COVID-19 infection/severity by affecting multiple hematological traits and immune-related cells.

CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic and bidirectional MR analyses suggest a unidirectional causal effect of various ADs, particularly of asthma on COVID-19 infection/severity, but the reverse is not true. The potential underlying molecular mechanisms of the causal effects call for more attention to clinical monitoring of hematological cells/traits and may be beneficial in developing effective therapeutic strategies for allergic patients following infection with COVID-19.},
}

Humans
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Critical Illness
*COVID-19
*Hypersensitivity
*Asthma

@article {pmid37773870,
year = {2023},
author = {Wang, Y and Yao, P and Li, K and Qin, S},
title = {GDF-15 (a biomarker for metformin) and the risk of COVID-19: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {102},
number = {39},
pages = {e34675},
pmid = {37773870},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Humans ; Biomarkers ; *COVID-19/genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; *Growth Differentiation Factor 15/genetics ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; *Metformin/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Regarding the impact of metformin on COVID-19, there are currently varying opinions from multiple studies. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker of metformin use and dosage, and we used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal effect of GDF-15 (metformin) on COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severe COVID-19, thereby guiding the selection of glucose-lowering agents for diabetic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Two sets of genetic tools were utilized for MR analysis, derived from publicly available genetic data. The first set was GDF-15 genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from a study with 5440 participants, while the second set was COVID-19 GWAS data from the Host Genetics Initiative (HGI) GWAS meta-analysis. The primary method used to assess causal effects was random effects inverse variance weighted estimation. Complementary methods included weighted median and MR-Egger analyses. Sensitivity analysis was performed using Cochran Q tests, MR-Egger intercept tests, MR-PRESSO, leave-one-out analyses, and funnel plots.

RESULTS: GDF-15 increased the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.19; P = .006); there was no causal effect of GDF-15 on hospitalization for COVID-19 (OR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.96-1.07; P = .47) or susceptibility to COVID-19 in the general population (OR = 1.010, 95% CI 0.988-1.034; P = .354).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the notion that GDF-15 increases the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients. However, there is no causal relationship between GDF-15 and hospitalization or susceptibility to COVID-19.},
}

Humans
Biomarkers
*COVID-19/genetics
Genome-Wide Association Study
*Growth Differentiation Factor 15/genetics
Mendelian Randomization Analysis
*Metformin/therapeutic use
Pandemics

@article {pmid37113134,
year = {2023},
author = {Ou, H and Fan, Y and Guo, X and Lao, Z and Zhu, M and Li, G and Zhao, L},
title = {Identifying key genes related to inflammasome in severe COVID-19 patients based on a joint model with random forest and artificial neural network.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1139998},
pmid = {37113134},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *Inflammasomes/genetics ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Random Forest ; *COVID-19 ; Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; Computational Biology/methods ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading astonishingly and caused catastrophic losses worldwide. The high mortality of severe COVID-19 patients is an serious problem that needs to be solved urgently. However, the biomarkers and fundamental pathological mechanisms of severe COVID-19 are poorly understood. The aims of this study was to explore key genes related to inflammasome in severe COVID-19 and their potential molecular mechanisms using random forest and artificial neural network modeling.

METHODS: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in severe COVID-19 were screened from GSE151764 and GSE183533 via comprehensive transcriptome Meta-analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and functional analyses were conducted to identify molecular mechanisms related to DEGs or DEGs associated with inflammasome (IADEGs), respectively. Five the most important IADEGs in severe COVID-19 were explored using random forest. Then, we put these five IADEGs into an artificial neural network to construct a novel diagnostic model for severe COVID-19 and verified its diagnostic efficacy in GSE205099.

RESULTS: Using combining P value < 0.05, we obtained 192 DEGs, 40 of which are IADEGs. The GO enrichment analysis results indicated that 192 DEGs were mainly involved in T cell activation, MHC protein complex and immune receptor activity. The KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that 192 GEGs were mainly involved in Th17 cell differentiation, IL-17 signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. In addition, the top GO terms of 40 IADEGs were involved in T cell activation, immune response-activating signal transduction, external side of plasma membrane and phosphatase binding. The KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that IADEGs were mainly involved in FoxO signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor, JAK-STAT signaling pathway and Apoptosis. Then, five important IADEGs (AXL, MKI67, CDKN3, BCL2 and PTGS2) for severe COVID-19 were screened by random forest analysis. By building an artificial neural network model, we found that the AUC values of 5 important IADEGs were 0.972 and 0.844 in the train group (GSE151764 and GSE183533) and test group (GSE205099), respectively.

CONCLUSION: The five genes related to inflammasome, including AXL, MKI67, CDKN3, BCL2 and PTGS2, are important for severe COVID-19 patients, and these molecules are related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, AXL, MKI67, CDKN3, BCL2 and PTGS2 as a marker combination could be used as potential markers to identify severe COVID-19 patients.},
}

Humans
*Inflammasomes/genetics
Cyclooxygenase 2
Random Forest
*COVID-19
Gene Expression Profiling/methods
Computational Biology/methods
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2

@article {pmid33630284,
year = {2021},
author = {Leventoğlu, S and Menteş, B and Şenol, E and Zimmerman, D and Pellino, G and Pellino, G and Espin, E},
title = {Urgent and elective proctologic/anorectal interventions in the COVID-19 pandemic: A practical guideline for treatment safety.},
journal = {Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {180-186},
doi = {10.14744/tjtes.2020.02446},
pmid = {33630284},
issn = {1307-7945},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery ; *Colorectal Surgery ; Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data ; Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; *Guideline Adherence ; Humans ; Male ; *Pandemics ; *Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Spain ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This article aims to give practical information and concrete suggestions on what should be considered in emergency, semi-urgent and elective settings for common anorectal diseases in the hectic period of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on early results of a series of anorectal interventions.

METHODS: Referring to other related guidelines, general considerations specific to the diagnosis and treatment of highly prevalent anorectal diseases were developed to target the correct patients, evaluate and orientate by telemedicine, adapt the Proctology Unit to the new pandemic, and control contamination and infection. Specific considerations for common anorectal diseases were cited, and our initial results were retrospectively documented.

RESULTS: From March 1 to April 10, 2020, we contacted 240 patients with anorectal diseases in two centers. We evaluated the results retrospectively on 16-17 April. At the end of this survey, 14 patients (5.8%) were lost for further contact and follow-up. Thirty-one patients (12.9%) were evaluated as nondeferrable cases and invited to the Proctology Unit. Twenty-eight patients required interventions at the same session. Adhering to the principles described here, more than 90 percent of benign anorectal disorders could be treated successfully, with 2.1 percent of suspected contamination and no confirmed cases. None of the Proctology personnel or their close contacts developed COVID-19, either.

CONCLUSION: By adhering to the principles outlined in this practical guide, it was possible to treat most of the benign anorectal diseases safely in the initial, hectic period of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

*COVID-19
Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery
*Colorectal Surgery
Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data
Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data
*Guideline Adherence
Humans
Male
*Pandemics
*Practice Patterns, Physicians'
Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery
*SARS-CoV-2
Spain

@article {pmid33271704,
year = {2020},
author = {Lao, Y and Jiang, Y and Luo, X and Liu, X},
title = {Focus on the depressive symptoms in COVID-19 patients: Perspective based on a rapid meta-analysis.},
journal = {Asian journal of psychiatry},
volume = {54},
number = {},
pages = {102421},
pmid = {33271704},
issn = {1876-2026},
mesh = {COVID-19/*psychology ; Depression/*epidemiology/psychology ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; },
}

COVID-19/*psychology
Depression/*epidemiology/psychology
Hospitalization
Humans
Odds Ratio
Prevalence
Risk Factors
Severity of Illness Index

@article {pmid33249784,
year = {2020},
author = {Ekstein, D and Noyman, I and Fahoum, F and Herskovitz, M and Linder, I and Ben Zeev, B and Eyal, S},
title = {Treating Epilepsy Patients with Investigational Anti-COVID-19 Drugs: Recommendations by the Israeli Chapter of the ILAE.},
journal = {The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ},
volume = {11},
number = {22},
pages = {665-672},
pmid = {33249784},
issn = {1565-1088},
mesh = {*Anticonvulsants/classification/pharmacology ; *Antiviral Agents/classification/pharmacology ; Comorbidity ; *Drug Interactions ; Drug Monitoring/methods ; *Drug Therapy, Combination/adverse effects/methods/standards ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/etiology/prevention & control ; *Epilepsy/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Humans ; Israel/epidemiology ; *Medication Therapy Management/standards/trends ; Patient Selection ; Risk Adjustment/methods/trends ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and its management in patients with epilepsy can be complex. Prescribers should consider potential effects of investigational anti-COVID-19 drugs on seizures, immunomodulation by anti-seizure medications (ASMs), changes in ASM pharmacokinetics, and the potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The goal of the Board of the Israeli League Against Epilepsy (the Israeli Chapter of the International League Against Epilepsy, ILAE) was to summarize the main principles of the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 in patients with epilepsy. This guide was based on current literature, drug labels, and drug interaction resources. We summarized the available data related to the potential implications of anti-COVID-19 co-medication in patients treated with ASMs. Our recommendations refer to drug selection, dosing, and patient monitoring. Given the limited availability of data, some recommendations are based on general pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic principles and might apply to additional future drug combinations as novel treatments emerge. They do not replace evidence-based guidelines, should those become available. Awareness to drug characteristics that increase the risk of interactions can help adjust anti-COVID-19 and ASM treatment for patients with epilepsy.},
}

*Anticonvulsants/classification/pharmacology
*Antiviral Agents/classification/pharmacology
Comorbidity
*Drug Interactions
Drug Monitoring/methods
*Drug Therapy, Combination/adverse effects/methods/standards
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/etiology/prevention & control
*Epilepsy/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology
Humans
Israel/epidemiology
*Medication Therapy Management/standards/trends
Patient Selection
Risk Adjustment/methods/trends
SARS-CoV-2
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment

@article {pmid32628134,
year = {2020},
author = {Koçak, G and Ergul, Y and Nişli, K and Hatemi, AC and Tutar, E and Tokel, NK and Celebi, A},
title = {Evaluation and follow-up of pediatric COVID-19 in terms of cardiac involvement: A scientific statement from the Association of Turkish Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.},
journal = {Anatolian journal of cardiology},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {13-18},
pmid = {32628134},
issn = {2149-2271},
mesh = {*Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Cardiology ; Child ; Coronavirus Infections/*complications ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital/*complications ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/*complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
}

*Betacoronavirus
COVID-19
Cardiology
Child
Coronavirus Infections/*complications
Female
Heart Defects, Congenital/*complications
Humans
Male
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral/*complications
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid32581069,
year = {2020},
author = {Passaro, A and Addeo, A and Von Garnier, C and Blackhall, F and Planchard, D and Felip, E and Dziadziuszko, R and de Marinis, F and Reck, M and Bouchaab, H and Peters, S},
title = {ESMO Management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: Lung cancer.},
journal = {ESMO open},
volume = {5},
number = {Suppl 3},
pages = {},
pmid = {32581069},
issn = {2059-7029},
support = {29420/CRUK_/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Ambulatory Care ; Betacoronavirus ; *Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology/therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; *Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; COVID-19 ; *Delivery of Health Care/methods ; *Lung Neoplasms/pathology/therapy ; Medical Oncology ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pandemics ; Pneumonectomy ; *Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Radiation Oncology ; Radiosurgery ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology/therapy ; Surgical Oncology ; Telemedicine ; Time-to-Treatment ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Triage ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, characterised by a fast and global spread during the first months of 2020, has prompted the development of a structured set of recommendations for cancer care management, to maintain the highest possible standards. Within this framework, it is crucial to ensure no disruption to essential oncological services and guarantee the optimal care.This is a structured proposal for the management of lung cancer, comprising three levels of priorities, namely: tier 1 (high priority), tier 2 (medium priority) and tier 3 (low priority)-defined according to the criteria of the Cancer Care Ontario, Huntsman Cancer Institute and Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale.The manuscript emphasises the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lung cancer care and reconsiders all steps from diagnosis, staging and treatment.These recommendations should, therefore, serve as guidance for prioritising the different aspects of cancer care to mitigate the possible negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of our patients.As the situation is rapidly evolving, practical actions are required to guarantee the best patients' treatment while protecting and respecting their rights, safety and well-being. In this environment, cancer practitioners have great responsibilities: provide timely, appropriate, compassionate and justified cancer care, while protecting themselves and their patients from being infected with COVID-19. In case of shortages, resources must be distributed fairly. Consequently, the following recommendations can be applied with significant nuances, depending on the time and location for their use, considering variable constraints imposed to the health systems. An exceptional flexibility is required from cancer caregivers.},
}

Humans
Ambulatory Care
Betacoronavirus
*Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology/therapy
Chemoradiotherapy
*Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
COVID-19
*Delivery of Health Care/methods
*Lung Neoplasms/pathology/therapy
Medical Oncology
Neoplasm Staging
Pandemics
Pneumonectomy
*Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
Radiation Oncology
Radiosurgery
SARS-CoV-2
*Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/pathology/therapy
Surgical Oncology
Telemedicine
Time-to-Treatment
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Triage

@article {pmid41558692,
year = {2026},
author = {Richie, RC},
title = {Evaluating Cardiovascular Disease Risk.},
journal = {Journal of insurance medicine (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.17849/insm-53-1-1-8.2},
pmid = {41558692},
issn = {0743-6661},
abstract = {There was a steady decrease in cardiovascular disease (CVD ischemic heart disease and stroke) mortality from 1960 to 2020, but since then, this decline has reversed. There have been over 228,000 excess CVD deaths through 2022,1 undoubtedly partially due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but the mortality rate continues to rise (arguably due to the rising epidemic of obesity and diabetes). CVD remains the leading cause of death in developed countries, accounting for over 30% of deaths, and risk estimation is a cornerstone approach to guiding CVD prevention in clinical medicine. Data from the CDC reveal that 36% of US adults have no CVD risk factors, 35% have 1, and 29% have 2 or more risk factors. The age-adjusted percentage of adults with 2 or more CVD risk factors has increased between 2013-2014 to August 2021-August 2023, especially in older age groups.2 Assessing the risk for CVD mortality is essential for the disability and life insurance industry required to assess that risk at a single point in time (at the issuance of an insurance policy). Evaluating this risk requires careful attention to modifiable and non-modifiable factors, including hypertension and other co-morbidities, abnormal lipid profiles, and lifestyle inequalities. The goal of this treatise is to evaluate the various CVD calculators, but also to review other risk factors that may not be routinely sought in estimating CVD risk. The importance of apolipoproteinB (apoB) and lipoprotein A (LpA) as better risk predictors than just elevated LDL levels will be emphasized, and evidence of systemic inflammation and insulin resistance will be proposed as essential early indicators of future cardiovascular disease.},
}

@article {pmid41558303,
year = {2025},
author = {Kalgutkar, AS and Eng, H and Dantonio, AL and Kadar, EP and Di, L and Walker, GS and Boras, B and Obach, RS},
title = {Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion tactics toward the expedited discovery and development of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 main protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir.},
journal = {Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals},
volume = {54},
number = {2},
pages = {100226},
doi = {10.1016/j.dmd.2025.100226},
pmid = {41558303},
issn = {1521-009X},
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 main protease inhibitor PF-07321332 (nirmatrelvir), in combination with ritonavir (Paxlovid), has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as an oral treatment option for coronavirus disease 2019 patients. In this perspective, we share the expediated absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion strategies, which were incorporated as part of discovery efforts, to design orally active severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 main protease inhibitors. PF-07321332 (nirmatrelvir) emerged as a potential oral clinical candidate within ∼ 6 months from the time discovery efforts were first initiated. The review also delves into a discussion around the successful use of quantitative fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the characterization of the human mass balance and excretion pathways of nirmatrelvir. Human absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion data that emerged from the fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance study were used to support the Emergency Use Authorization and new drug application filing, which was accepted by regulatory agencies worldwide. Efficient operational and technical strategies, incorporating the elements of speed without sacrificing data quality, which were crucial to the success of the program, are highlighted. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This perspective discusses the expedited absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion efforts utilized in the discovery and development of the orally active severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 main protease inhibitor nirmatrelvir, which in combination with the cytochrome P450 3A inhibitor ritonavir (Paxlovid), is used in the oral treatment of COVID-19. Paxlovid was granted an Emergency Use Authorization by global regulatory agencies in less than 2 years from the initiation of the discovery program and has since been fully approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.},
}

@article {pmid38565447,
year = {2024},
author = {Álvarez Aldeán, J and José Álvarez García, F and de la Calle Fernández-Miranda, M and Figueras Falcón, T and Iofrío de Arce, A and López Rojano, M and Rivero Calle, I and Suy Franch, A},
title = {Vaccination in pregnancy. Consensus document of the CAV-AEP and the SEGO.},
journal = {Anales de pediatria},
volume = {100},
number = {4},
pages = {268-274},
doi = {10.1016/j.anpede.2024.02.014},
pmid = {38565447},
issn = {2341-2879},
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Vaccination/standards ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {During pregnancy, physiological changes in the immune response make pregnant women more susceptible to serious infection, increasing the risk for the mother as well as the foetus, newborn and infant. All women should be correctly and fully vaccinated as they enter their reproductive years, especially against diseases such as tetanus, hepatitis B, measles, rubella and varicella. In addition to the recommended vaccines, in risk situations, inactivated vaccines could be administered to women who were not correctly vaccinated before, while attenuated vaccines are contraindicated. Despite the fact that vaccination during pregnancy is a very important preventive measure and the existing recommendations from public health authorities, scientific societies and health professionals, the vaccination coverage could clearly be improved, especially against influenza and SARS-CoV-2, so any health professional involved in the care of pregnant women should proactively recommend these vaccines. The Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP), through its Advisory Committee on Vaccines, and the Spanish Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (SEGO) recommend vaccination against the following diseases during pregnancy: against influenza and COVID-19, in any trimester of pregnancy and during the postpartum period (up to 6 months post birth) in women not vaccinated during pregnancy; against pertussis, with the Tdap vaccine, between weeks 27 and 36 of gestation (in the CAV-AEP recommendations, preferably between weeks 27 and 28); and against RSV, with RSVPreF, between weeks 24 and 36 of gestation, preferably between weeks 32 and 36.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
Female
*Vaccination/standards
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control
*COVID-19/prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
Influenza, Human/prevention & control
Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage

@article {pmid32709732,
year = {2020},
author = {Skali, H and Murthy, VL and Paez, D and Choi, EM and Keng, FYJ and Iain, MA and Al-Mallah, M and Campisi, R and Bateman, TM and Carrio, I and Beanlands, R and Calnon, DA and Dilsizian, V and Dondi, M and Gimelli, A and Pagnanelli, R and Polk, DM and Soman, P and Einstein, AJ and Dorbala, S and Thompson, RC},
title = {Guidance and Best Practices for Reestablishment of Non-Emergent Care in Nuclear Cardiology Laboratories During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Information Statement from ASNC, IAEA, and SNMMI.},
journal = {Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine},
volume = {61},
number = {10},
pages = {1534-1539},
doi = {10.2967/jnumed.120.251355},
pmid = {32709732},
issn = {1535-5667},
mesh = {COVID-19 ; Cardiology/*trends ; *Coronavirus Infections ; Diagnostic Imaging/trends ; Humans ; Laboratories/*trends ; Nuclear Medicine/education/*trends ; *Pandemics ; *Pneumonia, Viral ; },
}

COVID-19
Cardiology/*trends
*Coronavirus Infections
Diagnostic Imaging/trends
Humans
Laboratories/*trends
Nuclear Medicine/education/*trends
*Pandemics
*Pneumonia, Viral

@article {pmid32525292,
year = {2021},
author = {Angileri, FF and Sabatino, G and Cavallo, LM and Pessina, F and Ius, T and DE Divitiis, O and Esposito, F and Grimod, G and Raffa, G and Spena, G and Cardali, S and Esposito, V and GermanÒ, A and Maiuri, F and Fontanella, M and Cenzato, M and , },
title = {Natura non facit saltus: a phase 2 proposal to manage brain tumors cases from the Neuro-oncology section of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINch®).},
journal = {Journal of neurosurgical sciences},
volume = {65},
number = {1},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.23736/S0390-5616.20.05054-7},
pmid = {32525292},
issn = {1827-1855},
mesh = {Brain Neoplasms/surgery/*therapy ; *COVID-19 ; Clinical Decision-Making ; *Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic ; Disease Management ; Glioma/surgery/therapy ; Humans ; Italy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neurosurgery/standards/*trends ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; *Pandemics ; },
abstract = {The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has fast spread throughout the world in more than 200 countries, resulting in the need for a de-prioritization of elective medical care to face the demands of the global health crisis. Although the acute and catastrophic phase of the pandemic seems to have been left behind, it is also clear that the virus will not disappear soon, and we must live with it for a period of unpredictable length, the COVID-19 era. In this setting, a common coordinated approach to treat patients harboring brain tumors is urgently required to guarantee the best updated oncological care and to reduce the risk of viral infection during hospitalization. The study group on Neuro-oncology of Italian Society of Neurosurgery, SINCh gathered pieces of evidence and data and would like to suggest a practice protocol of care for neurosurgical oncologic procedures in the COVID-19 era. The present document aimed at summarizing current evidence and expert opinions to help neurosurgeons in taking decisions on their patients harboring different brain tumors.},
}

Brain Neoplasms/surgery/*therapy
*COVID-19
Clinical Decision-Making
*Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
Disease Management
Glioma/surgery/therapy
Humans
Italy
Neoplasm Metastasis
Neurosurgery/standards/*trends
Neurosurgical Procedures
*Pandemics

@article {pmid32396986,
year = {2020},
author = {McGrath, BA and Ashby, N and Birchall, M and Dean, P and Doherty, C and Ferguson, K and Gimblett, J and Grocott, M and Jacob, T and Kerawala, C and Macnaughton, P and Magennis, P and Moonesinghe, R and Twose, P and Wallace, S and Higgs, A},
title = {Multidisciplinary guidance for safe tracheostomy care during the COVID-19 pandemic: the NHS National Patient Safety Improvement Programme (NatPatSIP).},
journal = {Anaesthesia},
volume = {75},
number = {12},
pages = {1659-1670},
pmid = {32396986},
issn = {1365-2044},
mesh = {COVID-19 ; Consensus ; Coronavirus Infections/*prevention & control/*therapy/transmission ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control ; Pandemics/*prevention & control ; *Patient Safety ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Pneumonia, Viral/*prevention & control/*therapy/transmission ; Respiration, Artificial ; Safety ; State Medicine ; *Tracheostomy ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is causing a significant increase in the number of patients requiring relatively prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation and an associated surge in patients who need a tracheostomy to facilitate weaning from respiratory support. In parallel, there has been a global increase in guidance from professional bodies representing staff who care for patients with tracheostomies at different points in their acute hospital journey, rehabilitation and recovery. Of concern are the risks to healthcare staff of infection arising from tracheostomy insertion and caring for patients with a tracheostomy. Hospitals are also facing extraordinary demands on critical care services such that many patients who require a tracheostomy will be managed outside established intensive care or head and neck units and cared for by staff with little tracheostomy experience. These concerns led NHS England and NHS Improvement to expedite the National Patient Safety Improvement Programme's 'Safe Tracheostomy Care' workstream as part of the NHS COVID-19 response. Supporting this workstream, UK stakeholder organisations involved in tracheostomy care were invited to develop consensus guidance based on: expert opinion; the best available published literature; and existing multidisciplinary guidelines. Topics with direct relevance for frontline staff were identified. This consensus guidance includes: infectivity of patients with respect to tracheostomy indications and timing; aerosol-generating procedures and risks to staff; insertion procedures; and management following tracheostomy.},
}

COVID-19
Consensus
Coronavirus Infections/*prevention & control/*therapy/transmission
Humans
Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control
Pandemics/*prevention & control
*Patient Safety
Personal Protective Equipment
Pneumonia, Viral/*prevention & control/*therapy/transmission
Respiration, Artificial
Safety
State Medicine
*Tracheostomy

@article {pmid41555409,
year = {2026},
author = {Baseri, S and Izadi, M and Alimohammadi, M and Khoshnazar, SM and Nikdel, R and Hushmandi, K},
title = {Effects of atorvastatin on inflammatory markers, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and pulmonary function in patients with lung diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.},
journal = {European journal of medical research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s40001-025-03782-y},
pmid = {41555409},
issn = {2047-783X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pulmonary diseases are important causes of morbidity globally. Atorvastatin's pleiotropic effects, which include anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering properties, may be beneficial for individuals with respiratory diseases. This meta-analysis evaluated the atorvastatin's effect on inflammatory biomarkers, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and pulmonary function in lung disease patients.

METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar for English-language RCTs until March 2025. The study evaluated inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α), lipid profile (LDL, HDL, TC, TG), liver enzymes (ALT, AST), pulmonary function tests, and physical performance. Pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup, heterogeneity, and publication bias analyses were conducted.

RESULTS: Seventeen RCTs (22 datasets; n = 1,344) on asthma, COPD, COVID-19, pulmonary hypertension, and associated disorders were analyzed. Atorvastatin substantially decreased TNF-α (WMD: - 0.20 pg/mL; 95% CI - 0.28 to - 0.11), LDL cholesterol (WMD: - 21.48 mg/dL; 95% CI - 30.82 to - 12.14), and TC (WMD: - 15.24 mg/dL; 95% CI - 28.28 to - 2.20), while improving 6MWD (WMD: 0.71; 95% CI 0.24 to 1.17) and FEF25-75 in COPD subgroups. Evening peak expiratory flow (PEF) was considerably lower (WMD: - 8.72; 95% CI - 14.96 to - 2.47), indicating worsening in airway airflow throughout the evening. There were no significant overall effects for CRP, IL-6, triglycerides, HDL, FEV1, FVC, or oxygen saturation.

CONCLUSIONS: Atorvastatin demonstrates anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering efficacy in pulmonary disease patients, with mild functional respiratory benefits and modest improvements in physical performance. Additional large-scale studies are needed to validate clinical benefits and effective treatment methods.},
}

@article {pmid41555196,
year = {2025},
author = {D'angelo, MA and Nicolai, R and Di Nicolantonio, S and Pietropaoli, D and Monaco, A and Ortu, E},
title = {Comparison of Teledentistry and Traditional Clinical Examination for Detection of DMFT Index in Children: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Pediatric dentistry},
volume = {47},
number = {6},
pages = {380-387},
pmid = {41555196},
issn = {1942-5473},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dental Caries/diagnosis ; Child ; *Telemedicine ; *DMF Index ; Dental Care for Children/methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {Purpose: This study systematically analyzed the published literature to evaluate the reliability of the caries experience index detection conducted in children (younger than 18 years of age) through teledental systems, comparing it with data obtained through traditional dental consultations. The question to be explored was whether dentists could use teledentistry to assess the caries risk index by calculating the DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth) score, thereby potentially reducing consultation time. Methods: A systematic English-language literature review was conducted, including the period from 2014 to 2024, that included the MeSH terms (("telemedicine"[Mesh]) AND "dental caries"[Mesh]) AND "DMF index"[Mesh]). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined according to the PICO methodology. A total of 11 manuscripts met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of these studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) with specific tools for cross-over studies. Results: From the 11 studies reviewed, it was suggested that teledentistry, through the use of intraoral photographs or video recordings, may represent a reliable, noninvasive, and efficient alternative for the detection of the caries experience index, compared to clinical examinations performed according to the traditional method. In most cases, the results were comparable between the two approaches. Conclusion: Incorporating teledentistry in combination with regular dental appointments could streamline clinical processes, enable effective treatment planning, and facilitate remote monitoring of the oral health status of patients, making it a timely and contemporary solution for a connected and health-conscious society-which is particularly valuable during public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

Humans
*Dental Caries/diagnosis
Child
*Telemedicine
*DMF Index
Dental Care for Children/methods
Reproducibility of Results
COVID-19

@article {pmid41554283,
year = {2026},
author = {Oskvarek, JJ and Leubitz, A and Rahman, N and Sure, B and Pines, JM},
title = {Emergency Department Crowding in the Modern Era: A Systematic Review (2018-2025).},
journal = {Clinical and experimental emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.15441/ceem.25.172},
pmid = {41554283},
issn = {2383-4625},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study systematically reviews the causes, effects, and potential solutions to emergency department (ED) crowding, with emphasis on challenges amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed studies published from January 1, 2018, to January 31, 2025, that investigated ED crowding. Studies were included if they evaluated crowding causes, consequences, or interventions, using metrics such as ED length of stay, boarding, or left without being seen. Four reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. Study quality was assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) critical appraisal tools. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251117676).

RESULTS: Of 23,408 studies identified, 226 met inclusion criteria. Most studies were retrospective (83%) and of low (62%) or acceptable (35%) quality. Crowding was primarily driven by input (high patient volumes, limited primary care access), throughput (staffing shortages, laboratory and imaging delays), and output (boarding, late discharges) factors. Adverse effects included increased mortality, treatment delays, prolonged inpatient stays, higher rates of patients leaving without being seen, and reduced patient satisfaction. Effective strategies included provider-in-triage, nurse-initiated orders, and split-flow models. Output-focused interventions, such as active bed management and early discharge protocols, required system wide coordination. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted patient volumes and led to innovative solutions such as drive-through clinics and repurposed spaces to alleviate surges.

CONCLUSION: ED crowding is a persistent global issue with significant clinical and operational consequences. While promising interventions exist, high-quality evidence remains limited, underscoring the need for system-level and multifaceted solutions.},
}

@article {pmid41553516,
year = {2026},
author = {Herpertz, G and Roesch, F and Abramovich, I and Trinks, A and Ghezel-Ahmadi, V and Nowak-Machen, M and Becke-Jakob, K},
title = {[Work-related fatigue in anesthesia and intensive care medicine : Review article on a structural problem].},
journal = {Die Anaesthesiologie},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41553516},
issn = {2731-6866},
abstract = {Work-related fatigue is a serious psychophysiological phenomenon characterized by exhaustion, impaired concentration, reduced alertness and diminished decision-making capacity. It often results from disrupted sleep patterns and shift work and increases the risk of critical incidents in the clinical practice. Anesthetists are particularly affected as irregular working hours and frequent night shifts disrupt their circadian rhythms. Although fatigue is reversible with appropriate measures, it remains largely unrecognized as a structural issue within the German healthcare system.Over recent decades the working conditions across European healthcare settings have steadily deteriorated, a trend that culminated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This period clearly highlighted the urgent need to prioritize the well-being of healthcare professionals. The aim of this review article is to raise awareness of fatigue and provide insights into effective management strategies. It explores both international concepts and local solutions relevant to the German system.This review and analysis are based on studies and material developed as part of the European "Fatigue Project" and the "Fight Fatigue" campaign. It examines the effects of fatigue across all career stages and identifies practical strategies for risk reduction.The results show that fatigue affects anesthetists at all stages of their careers. Structured fatigue management is therefore a vital component of sustainable healthcare provision. In particular, fatigue risk management systems and optimized shift work planning have proven effective in reducing the burden on personnel and enhancing patient safety.},
}

@article {pmid41553427,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, R and Oh, YJ and Hinterdorfer, P},
title = {Single molecule force spectroscopy for evaluating inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.},
journal = {European biophysics journal : EBJ},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41553427},
issn = {1432-1017},
}

@article {pmid41552427,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, H and Patzi-Churqui, M and Andius, LD and Nyström, K and Lagging, M},
title = {Genetic insights into hepatitis E virus through environmental surveillance in Europe.},
journal = {One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {101302},
pmid = {41552427},
issn = {2352-7714},
abstract = {Zoonotic hepatitis E has been a growing public health concern in Europe, but the transmission of its causative agent, hepatitis E virus (HEV), remains incompletely understood. Environmental surveillance, particularly through wastewater monitoring, has proven valuable for tracking viral circulation and variant shift during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet its application to HEV is still limited. In this review, we systematically analyzed HEV sequences across Europe, focusing on environmental sources from a genetic perspective. Of more than 13,100 HEV sequences deposited in the NCBI database, only 2.4 % (316/13,118) originated from environmental samples, including wastewater, surface water, and biosolids. Additional typing data from the literature revealed highly uneven geographic distribution, with 97 % of environmental sequences reported from Italy, France, the United Kingdom (UK), Spain, Sweden, and Germany. HEV-3 was the dominant genotype, while HEV-1 and HEV-4 were occasionally detected. Subtypes 3c and 3f were most common, but their prevalence varied across countries and sample types. Some countries, such as France, Sweden, and the UK, exhibited divergent subtype patterns between humans, animals, and environmental sources, whereas others, such as Spain and Germany, showed more consistent distributions. These findings highlight the importance of integrating clinical, veterinary, and environmental surveillance to better understand HEV transmission in Europe under a One Health framework. However, the scarcity of environmental data, technical challenges in sequencing, and lack of standardized protocols limit comprehensive assessment of HEV circulation. Expanding sequencing efforts, improving detection methods, and coordinating international surveillance frameworks will be critical to strengthen HEV monitoring and preparedness against emerging HEV threats.},
}

@article {pmid41552096,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, X and Liu, Y and Xu, S and Liu, H and Zeng, C and Wang, R and Yue, Y and Wang, X},
title = {Progress in the Application of Pirfenidone in Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {e99490},
pmid = {41552096},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Pulmonary fibrosis following infection with the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged as a significant long-term complication among survivors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), profoundly affecting their quality of life and clinical outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis and elucidates the pharmacological actions of pirfenidone, a multi-targeted antifibrotic agent in this context. We summarize the current clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone for managing fibrosis secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection, drawing on recent advances in basic and clinical research. Furthermore, we discuss existing challenges, unresolved questions, and prospective directions for optimizing antifibrotic therapy in COVID-19 convalescents. By systematically analyzing these aspects, this article aims to offer theoretical support and practical guidance to clinicians and researchers addressing the management of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis.},
}

@article {pmid41551283,
year = {2025},
author = {Agyapong-Opoku, N and Agyapong-Opoku, F and Agyapong, B and Greenshaw, AJ},
title = {Anxiety and depressive symptoms among medical students-A scoping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1710333},
pmid = {41551283},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *Students, Medical/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; *Depression/epidemiology ; *Anxiety/epidemiology ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; Prevalence ; Female ; Male ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Medical schools are globally recognized as higher education institutions requiring extreme dedication from students. The intensive nature of physician training demands heavy workloads, inconsistent sleep, and study-leisure imbalances. Such stressors are linked to poor student mental health, with anxiety and depression symptoms among the most documented disorders. These burdens negatively affect academic performance and are associated with dropout intentions, misconduct, burnout, and suicidal ideation.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review summarizes recent evidence on the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among medical students and identifies correlated factors.

METHODS: The review followed PRISMA guidelines and Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage methodological framework. Searches were conducted on July 5, 2025, in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO. Boolean operators combined terms related to prevalence, and correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and medical students, limited to systematic reviews and meta-analyses published in English between January 2021 and July 2025. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria after screening. Data were charted for study characteristics, prevalence estimates, contributing factors, and methodological approaches.

RESULTS: The studies included in this review reported wide-ranging prevalence estimates, with the prevalence of depression symptoms in the included meta-analysis ranging from lowest of 18.1% to highest of 50.0% and anxiety symptoms from 17 to 54% although there was high heterogeneity in the screening instruments or measurement scales Biological sex differences in prevalence were frequently noted, with most studies reporting a higher prevalence among females; however, findings varied by region. Regional disparities were additionally observed, with some continents and countries reporting significantly higher prevalence rates than others. Factors associated with increased risk included early years of study, poor sleep quality, and academic stress. During COVID-19, most studies reported a higher prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms than pre-pandemic levels.

CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and depressive symptoms remain widespread among medical students, driven by individual and contextual factors. Targeted interventions and early preventive strategies are urgently needed to address mental health challenges and protect student wellbeing.},
}

Humans
*Students, Medical/psychology/statistics & numerical data
*Depression/epidemiology
*Anxiety/epidemiology
Systematic Reviews as Topic
Prevalence
Female
Male
Meta-Analysis as Topic

@article {pmid41550947,
year = {2025},
author = {Hotchkiss, RS and DiPersio, JF and Yee, C and Pachynski, RK and Van Den Brink, MRM},
title = {IL-7: a potential next-generation adjuvant for immune cell therapies.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1736931},
pmid = {41550947},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Interleukin-7/therapeutic use/immunology ; COVID-19/immunology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Cell-based immune therapies ranging from CAR-T cells to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and endogenous T-cell products, have produced unprecedented clinical responses in hematologic malignancies and are currently under active investigation for solid tumors. Nevertheless, several key challenges continue to limit the durability and breadth of clinical benefit. IL-7 is a pleiotropic cytokine that increases both the number and function of lymphocytes. Although not yet clinically approved, IL-7 has been used in over 620 adult and pediatric patients for a variety of reasons including, for example, to hasten bone marrow recovery after allogenic stem cell transplantation, to reverse lymphopenia due to HIV and idiopathic etiologies, to treat patients with various malignancies, and to boost vaccine responses. IL-7 is generally well-tolerated and effective in producing a durable increase in the number and function of CD4 and CD8 T cells. Recently, IL-7 has been used clinically in multiple myeloma patients receiving CAR-T cell therapy, in patients with urothelial cancer who are receiving checkpoint inhibitors, in patients undergoing endogenous lymphocyte cell therapy, and in critically-ill lymphopenic patients with COVID-19. The authors, all of whom have used IL-7 clinically, discuss how IL-7 effectively addresses all the major problems currently limiting adoptive cell therapies. Peering into the future, we believe that IL-7 will be a major advance as an adjuvant treatment in many cell therapies and hope that this commentary will expedite IL-7's testing in multiple clinical settings.},
}

Humans
*Interleukin-7/therapeutic use/immunology
COVID-19/immunology/therapy
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
*Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
Animals

@article {pmid41550683,
year = {2026},
author = {Piazza, M and Gori, A and Capristo, C and Boner, AL},
title = {Bronchiolitis and recurrent respiratory infections: The role of oxidative stress from early life inflammation to long-term outcomes - A narrative review.},
journal = {The World Allergy Organization journal},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {101162},
pmid = {41550683},
issn = {1939-4551},
abstract = {Bronchiolitis, primarily caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), is a common respiratory infection in infants and a known precursor to recurrent wheezing and asthma. This review explores the role of oxidative stress and trace element deficiencies in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis and its long-term sequelae. Infants with reduced lung function due to prematurity or congenital airway anomalies exhibit heightened susceptibility to RSV infection. Growing evidence implicates oxidative stress and deficiencies in zinc, selenium, and magnesium as significant contributors to disease progression. Impaired antioxidant defenses exacerbate viral inflammatory responses, leading to prolonged symptoms and recurrent wheezing with potential developmental delays. Studies consistently demonstrate that children with bronchiolitis exhibit elevated oxidative stress markers and reduced antioxidant capacity, with trace element deficiencies correlating with disease severity. Reduced defenses against oxidative stress may be associated with recurrent wheezing episodes, which are more frequent after rhinovirus bronchiolitis than after RSV bronchiolitis. Thus, RSV and rhinovirus (RV) bronchiolitis may unmask pre-existing vulnerabilities rather than directly causing long-term damage associated with later asthma. Micronutrient supplementation, particularly zinc and selenium, has shown potential in reducing respiratory infection duration and severity. COVID-19 pandemic evidence further supports nutritional status as a key modulator of respiratory disease outcomes, with nutraceuticals like curcumin and flavonoids demonstrating anti-inflammatory benefits. Given the safety and accessibility of micronutrient supplementation, early nutritional assessment and intervention in high-risk infants may offer a cost-effective strategy to improve long-term respiratory outcomes. Bronchiolitis should be viewed as a clinical signal warranting proactive, holistic pediatric care rather than merely an acute illness.},
}

@article {pmid41550658,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, M and Jia, H and Liu, X and Zhan, P},
title = {Conquering viral drug resistance: Structural and mechanistic paradigms for antiresistance drug design.},
journal = {Pharmaceutical science advances},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {100094},
pmid = {41550658},
issn = {2773-2169},
abstract = {Viral drug resistance remains a critical challenge in antiviral therapy. This perspective highlights five studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), monkeypox virus (MPXV), influenza A virus (IAV), and Hepatitis B virus (HBV), revealing novel resistance mechanisms and innovative strategies. For SARS-CoV-2, GC376's flexible benzyl group overcomes nirmatrelvir resistance. HIV-1's non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) 5i3 adapts to resistant mutants via a quinazoline scaffold, while MPXV's tecovirimat acts as a "molecular glue" stabilizing F13 dimers. Expanding these paradigms, we present groundbreaking insights: An indazole-based IAV inhibitor (compound 24) disrupts the conserved PA-PB1 heterodimer, showing sub-micromolar potency against resistant strains. For HBV, a hydrophobic tagging degrader (HyT-S7) induces HBc degradation, bypassing resistance mutations impairing traditional capsid modulators. Key strategies include dynamic flexibility, multivalent interactions, and oligomerization control, integrated with AI-driven design and real-time surveillance. This perspective bridges structural insights with translational applications, offering a roadmap for next-generation, mutation-resilient antivirals.},
}

@article {pmid41549659,
year = {2026},
author = {Okinaka, K and Schiffer, JT},
title = {Strategies for mitigating severe COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancy during the omicron era.},
journal = {The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy},
volume = {81},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jac/dkaf489},
pmid = {41549659},
issn = {1460-2091},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/complications ; *Hematologic Neoplasms/complications/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; *Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Immunocompromised Host ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; },
abstract = {Despite a decrease in disease severity since the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) continues to pose a significant threat to patients with haematological malignancies (HM). Although repeated booster vaccinations enhance protection against severe illnesses in immunocompromised individuals, they remain at heightened risk of adverse outcomes. This underscores the crucial need for effective pharmacologic strategies to prevent and treat infection. This review examines current strategies for preventing severe COVID-19 in patients with HM, focusing on pre-exposure prophylaxis and early treatment of COVID-19. New monoclonal antibodies have been developed, offering effective pre-exposure prophylaxis. Antiviral agents and monoclonal antibodies demonstrated efficacy in limiting severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with HM, though some patients, particularly the elderly, remain at risk of critical illness and death. Prolonged infection over months is also common, particularly in patients with lymphoid malignancies. Sustained viral shedding and ongoing mutation may be associated with chronic symptoms and is the likely source of several novel variants of concern that prolonged the pandemic. While HM subtype and advanced age are risk factors for severe or persistent COVID-19, there are no accurate tools for predicting individual risk. Given this uncertainty, prompt medical consultation, timely prescription of antiviral agents, and close monitoring are essential to minimize the risk of adverse outcomes in this vulnerable population.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/complications
*Hematologic Neoplasms/complications/virology
*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
*Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/methods
Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
Immunocompromised Host
COVID-19 Drug Treatment

@article {pmid41548364,
year = {2026},
author = {Taba, M and Fajardo, MA and Ferguson, E and Keast, R and Basseal, JM and McCaffery, K and Bonner, C},
title = {Science translation strategies to the public during health emergencies: A systematic review of RCTs.},
journal = {Patient education and counseling},
volume = {145},
number = {},
pages = {109479},
doi = {10.1016/j.pec.2026.109479},
pmid = {41548364},
issn = {1873-5134},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Effective science translation is essential during public health emergencies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, rapidly evolving research had to be translated to the public under challenging conditions.

OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to identify randomised trials of COVID-19 science translation strategies targeting the public and evaluated their effectiveness in improving psychological, behavioural and/or health outcomes.

METHODS: A literature search was done across PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO in July 2023 and November 2024. Studies were screened and extracted according to PRISMA guidelines. Interventions reporting behavioural outcomes were coded using the Behaviour Change Technique (BCT) taxonomy and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess study quality.

RESULTS: Of 345 records screened, 48 eligible studies were included. Most were online experiments testing message framing, with a smaller number conducted in applied settings such as health professional-delivered education. Significant positive effects were reported in most studies; 30 out of 40 studies with psychological outcomes (e.g. knowledge), 28 out of 40 studies with behavioural outcomes (e.g. intention to mask). Only one study measured a health outcome, with no significant effect. Effective features commonly included video and animation formats and messages from health experts and credible sources. The most frequent BCTs were 'information about health consequences' (33 studies) and 'credible source' (19 studies). Risk of bias was low in 42 studies.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight a diverse range of strategies that improved outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Better use of behavioural science taxonomies and core outcome sets could help researchers advance the field further during future emergencies.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: This review provides insights for a range of stakeholders involved in science translation during emergencies (i.e. scientists and researchers, healthcare providers, health communicators and government officials) and highlights areas requiring further investigation.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42023446093.},
}

@article {pmid41545629,
year = {2026},
author = {Heidler, P and Dam, L and King, I and Hamza, N and Abdeljawad, MM and Alaraby, D and Fahlevi, M and Anjum, T and Marzo, RR and Wagner, M and Bhattacharya, S and Chahal, P},
title = {Is anybody out there? Tackling intimate partner violence as a hidden pandemic during COVID times and beyond: factors, impact, and recommendations, a systematic review and meta-analyses.},
journal = {Archives of women's mental health},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {20},
pmid = {41545629},
issn = {1435-1102},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Intimate Partner Violence/psychology/statistics & numerical data/prevention & control ; Female ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Male ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Intimate partner violence is a pervasive issue deeply affecting public health, and its escalation during the COVID-19 pandemic has raised serious concerns. While the escalating impact of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic has been widely acknowledged, there remains a need for a comprehensive systematic review that synthesizes existing literature. This review seeks to address this gap by providing an inclusive assessment of the global landscape of intimate partner violence during and after the pandemic, thereby informing more effective prevention and intervention strategies.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases using different MeSH terms. A total of 445 relevant articles were identified initially, and after thorough screening, 54 articles were included in the review.

RESULTS: The lockdown had several negative consequences, including job losses, economic vulnerability, and health issues due to prolonged loneliness and uncertainty. An increase in emergency hotline or Women's Helpline calls was observed. Globally, intimate partner violence surged during the lockdown and persisted into 2023, causing severe and lasting health, psychological, and reproductive consequences for victims. Our results showed that COVID-19 increased the risk of partner violence: post-COVID intimate partner violence risk greater than pre-COVID risk (0.33 vs. 0.28, respectively).

CONCLUSION: Although COVID-19 increased the risk of intimate partner violence, this review also stresses a high global prevalence of intimate partner violence, not restricted to the pandemic and lockdowns. To prevent partner violence and reduce long-lasting severe health, psychological, and reproductive consequences of partner violence, broad cooperation between governments, communities, health professionals, and the media is necessary.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
*Intimate Partner Violence/psychology/statistics & numerical data/prevention & control
Female
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Male

@article {pmid41544794,
year = {2026},
author = {Shen, H and Cheng, D and Liu, L and Li, M and Zhou, Y and Bai, D and Huangyang, P and Feng, H},
title = {RNAi therapy targeting coronavirus genomes, pulmonary delivery strategies and design principles: A review.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {150223},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.150223},
pmid = {41544794},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {With the persistent global outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the development of effective antiviral strategies has become a top priority in public health. RNA interference (RNAi), an effective gene-silencing technique, presents a novel therapeutic approach to combat coronavirus replication. RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent gene-silencing approach that offers a therapeutic route to suppress coronavirus replication. Clinical translation of small interfering RNA (siRNA), however, faces substantial obstacles, notably cross-strain universality, off-target effects, and targeted delivery. This review summarizes recent advances in RNAi-mediated inhibition of coronaviruses at the genomic level, emphasizing RNAi applications to impede SARS-CoV-2 replication and transmission. By evaluating RNAi strategies aimed at specific viral components-RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane protein (M), nucleocapsid protein (N), and other essential genes-we illustrate the distinct specificity and efficacy of RNAi across binding sites and identify candidate universal targets for human-transmitted coronaviruses. We also assess the strengths and limitations of delivery platforms, including liposomes, polymers, nanoparticles, and viral vectors. Finally, we highlight inhalation-based and other targeted delivery approaches as promising routes for siRNA therapeutics against COVID-19 and other pulmonary diseases. Advances in gene editing and nanotechnology continue to broaden the prospects for effective siRNA delivery.},
}

@article {pmid41544597,
year = {2026},
author = {Nasrin, N and Hasan Mumu, A and Hasan Pranto, A and Islam, MR},
title = {The emergence of JN.1 variant resurgent COVID-19 wave in India and South Asia is a global public health concern.},
journal = {Journal of infection and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {103146},
doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103146},
pmid = {41544597},
issn = {1876-035X},
abstract = {The emergence of the JN.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2 has heightened global health concerns. Here, we aimed to evaluate viral characteristics, epidemiology, transmissibility, infectivity, immune evasion, effectiveness of current antiviral therapies, immunization options, genomic surveillance and public awareness against the stealthy JN.1. We searched across key databases to identify recent insights regarding JN.1 variant. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the virological characteristics and public health implications. Early genomic analyses reveal notable mutations in the spike protein, which may enhance viral transmissibility and immune escape. The findings indicate JN.1 to exhibit greater infectivity and enhanced ability to circumvent immune defenses attributable to one mutation identified as L455S. Public health agencies worldwide are enhancing monitoring, genomic surveillance, data sharing, revising containment strategies, promoting booster vaccination campaigns Furthermore, it is imperative to promote public adherence and global collaboration in encouraging the practice of preventive strategies to mitigate potential threat posed by JN.1.},
}

@article {pmid41543809,
year = {2026},
author = {Bozkir, C and Kartal, T and Hokelek, B},
title = {Obesity and Nutritional Vulnerability in long COVID: A Neuroinflammatory and Cognitive Perspective.},
journal = {Current nutrition reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {5},
pmid = {41543809},
issn = {2161-3311},
mesh = {Humans ; *Obesity/complications/physiopathology ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Nutritional Status ; *Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Malnutrition/complications ; Cognition ; Inflammation ; Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine the interplay between obesity, nutritional vulnerability, and long COVID, with a particular focus on neuroinflammatory and cognitive outcomes. This review synthesizes emerging evidence on shared pathophysiological pathways and evaluates the therapeutic potential of dietary and weight management strategies.

RECENT FINDINGS: Cognitive symptoms such as brain fog and memory deficits are among the most persistent and disabling features of long COVID. Obesity is associated with more severe manifestations through pathways involving chronic systemic inflammation, compromised blood-brain barrier integrity, and neuroimmune dysregulation. Concurrently, malnutrition and poor diet quality including low intake of antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and micronutrients may impair neuroplasticity and delay recovery. Interventions such as Mediterranean and ketogenic dietary patterns, as well as structured weight loss programs, show promise in reducing inflammation and improving cognitive outcomes. Obesity and suboptimal nutritional status amplify the neurocognitive burden of long COVID through shared pathophysiological mechanisms. Integrated care models that incorporate metabolic screening, nutritional assessment, and individualized dietary interventions may improve recovery trajectories. Public health strategies that address food quality, obesity prevention, and equitable access to nutrition care are essential for long-term resilience in the post-COVID era.},
}

Humans
*Obesity/complications/physiopathology
*COVID-19/complications
*Nutritional Status
*Neuroinflammatory Diseases
SARS-CoV-2
Malnutrition/complications
Cognition
Inflammation
Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology

@article {pmid41543642,
year = {2026},
author = {Blandi, L and Del Riccio, M},
title = {From breath to brain: influenza vaccination as a pragmatic strategy for dementia prevention.},
journal = {Aging clinical and experimental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s40520-026-03323-5},
pmid = {41543642},
issn = {1720-8319},
abstract = {Aging populations require scalable strategies to delay or prevent dementia. Beyond the prevention of neurological injury associated with seasonal influenza, vaccination may help mitigate vascular and neuroinflammatory injury underlying cognitive impairment. Influenza infection can cause a marked short‑term increase in myocardial infarction risk, and acute infections have also been associated with transient increases in stroke risk. Experimental models show prolonged microglial activation and synaptic loss even from non-neurotropic strains - processes likely modulated by vaccination. Epidemiologic data consistently support this evidence; a 2023 meta-analysis, including observational studies, of ~ 2.09 million adults identified a 31% lower risk of incident dementia; US matched cohorts demonstrated 40% lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (absolute decrease 3.4%); Veterans Health data showed a 0.86 hazard ratio for dementia; and UK Biobank data showed lower risk for all-cause (0.83 h), and vascular dementia (0.58 h) with a dose-response association by vaccination term. Randomized trials suggest fewer adverse cardiovascular events in vaccine recipients giving even more biological plausibility to this concept. Despite that, prevention through influenza vaccination is not fully realized in older adults due to low levels of perceived risk, vaccine confidence, and variations in clinical practice guidance. This public health perspective reviews the physiopathological and epidemiological evidence in support of influenza vaccination as a pragmatic, dementia risk-modifying intervention within healthy aging strategies and encourages the inclusion of vaccination status in hospital discharge and chronic-care pathways, integration of cognitive outcomes in monitoring, and equity-centered research to eliminate barriers to behavioral and implementation.},
}

@article {pmid41543095,
year = {2026},
author = {Cho, HE and Lee, JJ and Cho, SY},
title = {Serum Calprotectin - What is the Scope of Clinical Application?.},
journal = {Clinical laboratory},
volume = {72},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7754/Clin.Lab.2025.250516},
pmid = {41543095},
issn = {1433-6510},
mesh = {Humans ; *Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/blood ; Biomarkers/blood ; *Inflammation/blood/diagnosis ; COVID-19/blood/diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood/diagnosis ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/blood/diagnosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Calprotectin (CLP), a heterodimer of S100A8 and S100A9, is a calcium-binding protein with key intracellular and extracellular roles, especially in inflammatory processes. Predominantly expressed by neutrophils and monocytes, CLP is released in response to infection or inflammation and serves as a potent antimicrobial and pro-inflammatory mediator.

METHODS: We performed a systematic search of electronic databases to identify studies evaluating serum CLP in inflammatory diseases.

RESULTS: Serum CLP levels are elevated in numerous inflammatory conditions, making it a valuable biomarker for disease activity, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), CLP reflects disease severity more accurately than conventional markers like CRP and ESR, correlates with radiographic progression, and is strongly expressed at inflammation sites. In juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), serum CLP levels are significantly higher in active, treatment-naïve patients and correlate well with clinical activity. In spondyloarthritis (SpA), especially ankylosing spondylitis, CLP levels tend to be elevated, though results vary among studies. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), CLP is proposed as a non-invasive marker for disease burden and response to treatment. It is especially useful in systemic inflammation assessment. Elevated CLP levels are also observed in psoriasis, Behçet's disease, ANCA-associated vasculitis, and preeclampsia. CLP has emerged as a promising prognostic marker in bacterial infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with higher levels correlating with ICU admission and disease severity.

CONCLUSIONS: Serum CLP is a promising inflammatory biomarker, though disease specificity remains limited.},
}

Humans
*Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex/blood
Biomarkers/blood
*Inflammation/blood/diagnosis
COVID-19/blood/diagnosis
Prognosis
Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood/diagnosis
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/blood/diagnosis
SARS-CoV-2
Severity of Illness Index

@article {pmid41542888,
year = {2026},
author = {Tzigkounakis, G and Brown, J},
title = {From ancient remedy to modern COVID-19 adjunct: a narrative review of mechanistic, in vitro, and clinical evidence on propolis.},
journal = {Journal of complementary & integrative medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41542888},
issn = {1553-3840},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Despite the global rollout of COVID-19 vaccines, limited access, vaccine hesitancy, and the emergence of viral variants continue to underscore the need for complementary antiviral strategies. Propolis, a resinous bee product widely used in traditional medicine, has attracted scientific interest due to its reported antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties.

CONTENT: This narrative review examines the therapeutic potential of propolis as a candidate adjunctive treatment for COVID-19, focusing on mechanistic, in vitro, and clinical evidence. A comprehensive review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Europe PMC (January 2020 to May 2025), covering molecular docking reports, in vitro assays, and human clinical studies evaluating propolis or its key constituents against SARS-CoV-2. In silico reports describe interactions of more than forty propolis constituents with key host and viral targets, providing mechanistic context. In vitro evidence demonstrates inhibition at entry and replication targets alongside attenuation of inflammatory signaling. Limited clinical data, spanning seven studies and two case reports, suggest milder symptoms and shorter hospital stays, with no serious adverse events observed.

SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK: Preclinical and early clinical evidence suggest propolis may be a useful adjunct in COVID-19 therapy. Large, placebo-controlled trials with well characterized and standardized extracts are needed to confirm efficacy and safety.},
}

@article {pmid41539985,
year = {2026},
author = {Mija, C and Sberna, G and Maggi, F},
title = {Microplastics and Nanoplastics as Carriers for Viral Transmission: Effects on Viral Properties, Infection, Immune Response, and Public Health.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {e70106},
pmid = {41539985},
issn = {1099-1654},
support = {Ricerca Corrente-Linea 1//Ministero della Salute/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Microplastics/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/transmission/virology/immunology/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Public Health ; *Plastics/adverse effects ; *Virus Diseases/transmission/virology/immunology ; Nanoparticles ; Animals ; },
abstract = {The extensive use of plastics since the industrial revolution has raised significant environmental and health concerns. Despite their advantages in terms of durability, affordability, and ease of production, the accumulation of plastics has resulted in considerable pollution. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic further exacerbated plastic consumption, particularly in medical supplies, intensifying the plastic waste crisis. The majority of plastics are not recycled and eventually degrade into microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), which pose substantial risks to ecosystems and human health. MPs and NPs enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact and have been found in biological samples such as blood, faeces, and lung fluids. Their presence has been linked to diseases affecting the lungs, cardiovascular system, and intestines, as well as cancer and viral infections. This review highlights how MPs and NPs contribute to the spread of infectious diseases by creating a habitat called the "plastisphere," which promotes microbial growth and serves as a reservoir for pathogens, emphasising their effects on viral persistence, infection dynamics, and immune modulation. Unlike previous reviews mainly focused on toxicological or microbiological aspects, this work integrates environmental, virological, and immunological evidence to outline how MPs/NPs may reshape virus-host interactions. By identifying critical knowledge gaps, such as the quantitative impact of MPs/NPs on viral stability and immune disruption, this review provides a background for future experimental and epidemiological research. This value-added perspective not only advances scientific understanding but also supports policy development in waste management.},
}

Humans
*Microplastics/adverse effects
*COVID-19/transmission/virology/immunology/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
Public Health
*Plastics/adverse effects
*Virus Diseases/transmission/virology/immunology
Nanoparticles
Animals

@article {pmid41539672,
year = {2026},
author = {Rickard, NS and Kurt, P and Meade, T},
title = {Navigating the Digital Landscape for Potential Use of Mental Health Apps in Clinical Practice: Scoping Review.},
journal = {JMIR mental health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e75640},
doi = {10.2196/75640},
pmid = {41539672},
issn = {2368-7959},
mesh = {Humans ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; COVID-19 ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; *Mental Health Services ; *Mobile Applications ; Smartphone ; Telemedicine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The global demand for mental health services has significantly increased over the past decade, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Digital resources, particularly smartphone apps, offer a flexible and scalable means of addressing the research-to-practice gap in mental health care. Clinicians play a crucial role in integrating these apps into mental health care, although practitioner-guided digital interventions have traditionally been considered more effective than stand-alone apps.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review explored mental health practitioners' views on potential use or integration of smartphone apps into clinical practice. We asked, "What is known about how mental health practitioners view the integration of smartphone apps into their practice?" Further, this scoping review explored the factors that might influence integration of smartphone apps into practice, such as practitioner and client characteristics, app design and functionality, and practitioner views.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of 3 databases that yielded 38 studies published between 2018 and 2025, involving 1894 participants across various mental health disciplines, most predominantly psychologists and psychiatrists. Data were collected on practitioner and client characteristics, app functionality, and factors deemed important or influencing practitioners' opinions about app integration.

RESULTS: The included studies were most likely to explore use of apps outside the clinical session and focused on self-management apps for mental health monitoring and tracking, and for collecting data from the patient. Fewer studies explored use of apps within-session, or practitioner-guided apps. Practitioners prioritized app features aligned with the American Psychological Association's evaluation criteria, with practitioners prioritizing engagement and interoperability, but also noted the importance of training and resourcing to support integration.

CONCLUSIONS: While practitioners recognize the potential of apps in mental health care, integration into clinical practice remains limited. This study highlights the need for further research on practical implementation, clinical effectiveness, and practitioner training to facilitate the transition from potential to actual use of apps in mental health care settings. Recommendations include evaluating effectiveness of app integration through experimental studies and developing training modules to develop practitioners' digital competencies and confidence in app use.},
}

Humans
*Attitude of Health Personnel
COVID-19
Mental Disorders/therapy
*Mental Health Services
*Mobile Applications
Smartphone
Telemedicine

@article {pmid41538482,
year = {2026},
author = {Silva, JH and Brito, ALA and Taiar, R and Moraes, BA and Xavier, AB and Leite, WS and Araújo, MDGR and Brandão, DC and Andrade, AFD and Campos, SL},
title = {Effect of non-invasive ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula on hospital mortality in COVID-19-induced acute respiratory failure: a meta-analysis.},
journal = {Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil)},
volume = {24},
number = {},
pages = {eRW0695},
doi = {10.31744/einstein_journal/2026RW0695},
pmid = {41538482},
issn = {2317-6385},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/complications/therapy ; *Noninvasive Ventilation/methods/mortality ; *Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods ; *Hospital Mortality ; *Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy/mortality/virology/etiology ; Cannula ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Non-invasive respiratory support strategies, such as high-flow nasal cannula therapy and non-invasive ventilation, were widely employed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of high-flow nasal cannula therapy, non-invasive ventilation, and conventional oxygen therapy on intubation rates and hospital mortality in adults with COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure.

METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines, with searches performed in nine databases for publications up to May 2023. Eligible studies were those on adults (≥18 years) with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and that included intubation and mortality as primary outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohorts and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Pooled results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).

RESULTS: Forty-one studies were included in the review and ten in the meta-analysis (2,843 patients). High-flow nasal cannula therapy did not differ from non-invasive ventilation in terms of the intubation rate (OR=1.07, 95%CI=0.89-1.29, p=0.45) but was superior to oxygen therapy (OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.64-0.97, p=0.02). High-flow nasal cannula therapy was also associated with lower mortality than non-invasive ventilation (OR=0.62, 95%CI=0.51-0.76, p<0.0001) but did not differ from oxygen therapy (OR=1.06, 95%CI=0.84-1.33, p=0.64). Substantial heterogeneity was observed in the subgroup analyses (I2=64%-90%).

INTERPRETATION: High-flow nasal cannula therapy may reduce the need for intubation compared with oxygen therapy and may lower the hospital mortality rate compared with non-invasive ventilation. However, heterogeneity in the studies suggests that patient-specific factors and disease severity may influence outcomes.

CONCLUSION: High-flow nasal cannula therapy shows potential benefits over oxygen therapy and non-invasive ventilation for COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure, particularly in the mortality rate. Clinical use of these therapies should be context-specific, given the need for cautious interpretation of our results and for further high-quality trials.

ID CRD 42020226936.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/mortality/complications/therapy
*Noninvasive Ventilation/methods/mortality
*Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods
*Hospital Mortality
*Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy/mortality/virology/etiology
Cannula
SARS-CoV-2
Intubation, Intratracheal/statistics & numerical data
Adult

@article {pmid41536535,
year = {2025},
author = {García, CF and Cantero-García, M and Dorta-Afonso, D and Rueda-Extremera, M},
title = {Factors associated with suicidal ideation in healthcare personnel: a systematic review.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1717231},
pmid = {41536535},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {AIM: This paper investigates suicidal ideation among healthcare professionals, a growing concern that affects their mental well-being and the quality of healthcare delivery. The study aims to identify key risk factors, such as work-related stress, exposure to death, and lack of institutional support, that contribute to suicidal ideation in this population. It also explores protective factors, including resilience, social support, and institutional resources, that may mitigate these risks.

METHOD: A systematic review was conducted on studies published between 2020 and 2024. The literature search spanned databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Dialnet, and Scielo. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines to ensure thoroughness and transparency in study selection. To assess the quality of the included studies, standardized tools like the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were applied.

RESULTS: The review identified that the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified factors leading to suicidal ideation among healthcare professionals, with a notable increase in prevalence during this period. Identified risk factors included high levels of occupational stress, frequent exposure to death and suffering, and insufficient institutional support. Conversely, protective factors like resilience, social support, and access to institutional resources were found to reduce susceptibility to suicidal ideation.

CONCLUSION: The findings highlight an urgent need for comprehensive prevention strategies and support programs targeting healthcare personnel. Recommendations for interventions span individual, organizational, and public policy levels. Enhancing resilience and providing institutional support could be crucial steps in reducing the incidence of suicidal ideation in this vulnerable group, ultimately improving both their mental health and the quality of healthcare services.},
}

@article {pmid41535509,
year = {2026},
author = {da Silva Ebone, R and Doleski, PH and Jantsch, MH and da Silveira, RP and Leal, DBR},
title = {P2Y14 receptor activation and neutrophil signaling: linking inflammation to systemic pathophysiology.},
journal = {Purinergic signalling},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {5},
pmid = {41535509},
issn = {1573-9546},
support = {88887.902884/2023-00//Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/ ; 409156/2024-8//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Neutrophils/metabolism/immunology ; *Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction/physiology ; *Inflammation/metabolism/immunology/physiopathology ; Animals ; COVID-19/immunology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Neutrophils are essential effector cells of the innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against infection and tissue injury. Among the purinergic receptors expressed in these cells, P2Y14 has gained increasing attention in recent years for its role in modulating neutrophil recruitment and activation in inflammatory contexts. This receptor is activated mainly by uridine diphosphoglucose (UDP-glucose) and other UDP-sugars released during cellular stress or damage. Through the activation of G protein-coupled pathways, particularly via Gi/o and RhoA signaling, P2Y14 influences key neutrophil functions, including chemotaxis, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and oxidative responses. Despite its pro-inflammatory potential, and the increasing amount of literature data in recent years, P2Y14's complete physiological and pathological roles remain underexplored. Literature data also highlight its involvement in diseases like glioblastoma and COVID-19, where, due to increased neutrophil infiltration, it exacerbates inflammation, tissue damage, and stress. Therefore, targeting P2Y14 may be a promising strategy to modulate neutrophil chemotaxis and mitigate unwanted harmful inflammatory responses. This review discusses the characteristics and signaling mechanisms of P2Y14 in neutrophils, as well as the relevant implications of this pathway for neutrophil function.},
}

Humans
*Neutrophils/metabolism/immunology
*Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism
*Signal Transduction/physiology
*Inflammation/metabolism/immunology/physiopathology
Animals
COVID-19/immunology/metabolism

@article {pmid41534044,
year = {2026},
author = {Lampert, R and Harmon, KG},
title = {Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Athletes.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {394},
number = {3},
pages = {268-280},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMra2312555},
pmid = {41534044},
issn = {1533-4406},
mesh = {Humans ; *Athletes/statistics & numerical data ; COVID-19/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology ; *Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control/etiology/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Mass Screening/standards ; Primary Prevention/methods/standards ; Return to Sport ; Risk Factors ; Sports/standards ; Cardiomyopathies/complications/diagnosis/mortality/therapy ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications/diagnosis/mortality/therapy ; Coronary Vessel Anomalies/complications/diagnosis/mortality/therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; },
abstract = {The incidence of sudden cardiac arrest in athletes varies according to age, race and ethnic group, sex, sport, and social determinants of health. The common causes of sudden cardiac arrest include cardiomyopathies, electrical disorders, coronary-artery anomalies, and other cardiac structural abnormalities. There has not been an increase in the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest in athletes during the time frame of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Primary prevention is based on cardiovascular screening before participation, and secondary prevention on implementation of emergency action plans. Diagnostic evaluation of athletes who survive sudden cardiac arrest should mirror that of age-matched nonathletes, with additional sport-specific considerations, and should be performed by medical professionals with expertise in the interpretation of test results in the context of athletic adaptation. An increasing body of evidence indicates that many athletes can return to play after disease-specific treatment, without an increase in risk, and professional societies now consider return to participation in sports to be reasonable or appropriate through shared decision making for numerous cardiac conditions.},
}

Humans
*Athletes/statistics & numerical data
COVID-19/complications/diagnosis/epidemiology
*Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control/etiology/epidemiology
Incidence
Mass Screening/standards
Primary Prevention/methods/standards
Return to Sport
Risk Factors
Sports/standards
Cardiomyopathies/complications/diagnosis/mortality/therapy
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications/diagnosis/mortality/therapy
Coronary Vessel Anomalies/complications/diagnosis/mortality/therapy
Practice Guidelines as Topic

@article {pmid41533521,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Y},
title = {Comparative analysis of point-of-care diagnostic techniques for respiratory infectious diseases. Lessons we learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and future consideration on more competent alternatives.},
journal = {Pathogens and global health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-18},
doi = {10.1080/20477724.2026.2615118},
pmid = {41533521},
issn = {2047-7732},
abstract = {Our unpreparedness in responding to the prompt emergence of COVID-19 in its early stage of outbreak, especially the lack of rapid and early diagnostic techniques for mass screening which should have been prioritized, contributed to the virus' spread alongside other factors. This article provides an overview of the common diagnostic techniques with special focus on the reported and/or authorized point-of-care methods for early COVID-19 diagnosis, including lateral flow assays and localized surface plasmon resonance-based approaches. The inherent limitations of these techniques are critically examined. We then propose a potentially more competent alternative, i.e. direct detection of viral particles with aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles in liquid solution in combination with noninvasive breath sampling or saliva sampling, for further improvement in early diagnostic capability for infectious respiratory diseases like COVID-19. In addition, an integration of air sampling with in-situ direct colorimetric detection of viral particles could represent a potential option for airborne virus detection, thus minimizing the transmission of infectious diseases and their impact on the economy and life in the future.},
}

@article {pmid41532626,
year = {2025},
author = {Pechanova, O and Paulis, L},
title = {Nitric Oxide at the Nexus of ACE2 Biology and COVID-19: Implications for Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Comorbidities.},
journal = {Physiological research},
volume = {74},
number = {Suppl 2},
pages = {S171-S184},
pmid = {41532626},
issn = {1802-9973},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism/epidemiology/virology ; *Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; *Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism/epidemiology/virology ; *Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism/epidemiology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Animals ; Comorbidity ; Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology ; },
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 engages ACE2 for cell entry, perturbing the counter-regulatory ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis and shifting the renin angiotensin system toward ACE/Ang II/AT1 signaling, with a concomitant reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. NO sits at the crossroads of these pathways, acting both as an antiviral modulator of spike-ACE2 interactions and as a downstream mediator of Mas-dependent endothelial protection. This review summarizes evidence on NO across three layers: (i) viral entry (S nitrosylation of spike/ACE2, protease modulation), (ii) cardiovascular comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, diabetes) where ACE2 downregulation impairs endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-dependent NO production and promotes thrombosis and microvascular dysfunction, and (iii) neurovascular/ neurodegenerative sequelae, in which renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation along with imbalance between protective eNOS/nNOS and inflammatory iNOS fosters blood-brain barrier disruption, microthrombosis, and cognitive impairment. Shared mechanisms - endotheliitis, microvascular dysfunction, and neuroinflammation may explain convergent risks for cardiac injury and cognitive decline in long COVID-19. Putative therapeutic strategies may include restoring physiological NO (via Mas agonism, Ang-(1-7), inhibition of Ang 1-7 degradation and recombinant ACE2), pulmonary-selective inhaled NO, hybrid S nitrosylated agents, and selective attenuation of iNOS/peroxynitrite alongside endothelial support. Targeted modulation - enhancing eNOS/nNOS while constraining iNOS offers a unified framework to mitigate both cardiovascular and neurodegenerative consequences of COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/metabolism/epidemiology/virology
*Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
*Nitric Oxide/metabolism
*Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism/epidemiology/virology
*Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism/epidemiology/virology
SARS-CoV-2
Animals
Comorbidity
Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology

@article {pmid41532066,
year = {2026},
author = {Feng, X and Wang, Y and Li, Y and Long, J and Liu, F and Yang, H},
title = {Application of the humanized mouse model in research into SARS-CoV-2 infection (Review).},
journal = {Medicine international},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {9},
pmid = {41532066},
issn = {2754-1304},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a profound impact on global public health. The complexity of its pathogenic mechanisms and host interactions urgently requires high-fidelity animal models to support research. Humanized mouse models break the species barrier through gene editing and immune reconstitution technologies, providing a key tool to simulate human infection characteristics and pathological processes. A number of studies have reported the application of humanized mouse models in the fields of COVID-19 research, such as SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery and vaccine development, etc. The present review aimed to systematically document the latest advances in the application of humanized mouse models based on different construction strategies, such as receptor humanization, immune system humanization and composite humanization. These models have not only elucidated the pathogenicity differences and immune escape mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 variants, but have also validated the efficacy of broad-spectrum anti-SARS-CoV-2 strategies, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-targeted therapies, antibody cocktail regimens and mucosal vaccines. Additionally, humanized mouse models have played a pivotal role in investigating the mechanisms underlying long COVID. By revealing the multi-system pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis, neurodegeneration and intestinal microbiota dysregulation, these models provide a theoretical foundation for the development of targeted intervention strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41531362,
year = {2026},
author = {Sukmarova, ZN and Simonenko, VB},
title = {[Colchicine in Cardiology Practice: Use in Atrial Fibrillation, Inflammatory Diseases, Heart Failure, and Cardiac Complications of COVID-19].},
journal = {Kardiologiia},
volume = {65},
number = {12},
pages = {113-120},
doi = {10.18087/cardio.2025.12.n3110},
pmid = {41531362},
issn = {0022-9040},
mesh = {Humans ; *Colchicine/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Heart Failure/drug therapy/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Inflammation/drug therapy ; Cardiology/methods ; },
abstract = {Inflammation is an integral part of the pathophysiological processes leading to damage or regeneration of the heart and blood vessels. Interest to the "inflammatory theory" of cardiovascular disease is once again at the peak of scientific research, driven by the discovery of new laboratory and instrumental methods, as well as the emergence of new cardiotropic viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Colchicine, the most effective and safe drug used to modulate excessive inflammation in heart disease, is included in guidelines for the treatment of perimyocarditis and ischemic heart disease with a high class of evidence. Furthermore, it has been shown that colchicine can reduce the innate and, to some extent, the acquired immune response. Thereby, colchicine can affect the arrhythmia substrate and trigger, the inflammatory component of chronic myocardial degeneration during the development of heart failure. Also, colchicine can exert specific and nonspecific positive effects on the cardiac complications of COVID-19. The use of this medication in cardiology practice is limited by insufficient awareness of its indications and side effects, while in rheumatology practice, it is limited by a lack of knowledge about colchicine's additional properties in cardiac conditions. This review summarizes medical studies available online that assess the clinical efficacy of colchicine medicines in the conditions not yet included in official guidelines for its use, such as atrial fibrillation, autoinflammatory diseases, heart failure, and cardiac complications of COVID-19. For each of these conditions, colchicine can be used with the consideration of specific indications. This article includes published in the internet medical studies, abstracts, and meta-analyses with no publication date restrictions up to July 2025. The PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and CENTRAL databases were used to review 520 literature sources that described the clinical efficacy of colchicine medicines and the heterogeneity of its effects across different regimens for various cardiovascular diseases.},
}

Humans
*Colchicine/therapeutic use/pharmacology
*COVID-19/complications
*Atrial Fibrillation/drug therapy
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Heart Failure/drug therapy/etiology
SARS-CoV-2
*Inflammation/drug therapy
Cardiology/methods

@article {pmid41529879,
year = {2026},
author = {Lotfi, M and Kaderali, L},
title = {Data-driven strategies for model-informed decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e107660},
pmid = {41529879},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *Decision Making ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To systematically review data-driven modelling studies that evaluated the effectiveness of interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify which measures were most frequently reported as effective in controlling disease spread.

DESIGN: Systematic review of modelling studies focused on data-driven, model-informed decision-making for COVID-19 interventions.

DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, covering publications from 1 January 2020 to 16 October 2024.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies were included if they: (1) used real-world data; (2) had sufficient sample sizes and (3) assessed at least one intervention with measurable outcomes.Meta-analyses and purely theoretical modelling studies were excluded. Papers were further filtered using a structured screening process to ensure empirical and intervention-based modelling.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were extracted from eligible studies and categorised according to modelling approaches, data sources, intervention types and reported effectiveness. Descriptive synthesis was performed to summarise modelling trends and intervention performance. Studies were classified into major intervention categories, including tracing, testing and isolation (TTI); physical and social distancing (PSD); vaccination; lockdowns; mask-wearing; home office or stay-at-home (HOSH) and health infrastructure enhancement (HIE).

RESULTS: Out of 2297 studies identified, 126 met inclusion criteria. Compartmental models were the most frequently used approach, primarily relying on case and death counts to assess intervention impact. The most commonly reported effective interventions were TTI, PSD, vaccination, lockdowns, mask-wearing and HOSH. When considering effectiveness relative to study frequency, the top six interventions were TTI, HOSH, mask-wearing, HIE, PSD and lockdowns. The relatively lower representation of vaccination reflects that most included studies were conducted during the early stages of the pandemic, before widespread vaccine rollout and availability of empirical vaccination data.

CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights the critical role of data-driven models in guiding COVID-19 response strategies. Evidence supports the combined effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions, robust testing and tracing systems and health infrastructure strengthening. Real-world impact, however, remains dependent on local healthcare capacity, socioeconomic conditions and cultural contexts. Continued research is essential to refine adaptive modelling approaches and strengthen preparedness for future public health emergencies.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
*Decision Making
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics/prevention & control
*Communicable Disease Control/methods
Models, Theoretical

@article {pmid41528042,
year = {2026},
author = {Ye, J and Xu, T and Xu, C and Liu, X and Chen, Y},
title = {Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Assay at the Crossroad: Urgent Reexamination of Assay Design for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Main Protease Inhibitors.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {98},
number = {1},
pages = {e70801},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.70801},
pmid = {41528042},
issn = {1096-9071},
support = {2024AH051890//University Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province, China/ ; 2022yjsds052//Outstanding Young Graduate Supervisors Program of Anhui Province, China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Coronavirus 3C Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors ; COVID-19 ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer/methods ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; *Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/enzymology ; },
abstract = {The main protease (Mpro) from coronaviruses represents an attractive therapeutic target for antiviral development. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay is widely used for high-throughput screening (HTS) of Mpro inhibitors, but there has been a significant increase in false positives stemming from flawed assay design in previous studies. Here, we provide an overview of the FRET assay, discuss the key points of this method design, and highlight the corresponding solutions. We hope that this issue should receive increased attention from researchers.},
}

Humans
*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
Coronavirus 3C Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors
COVID-19
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer/methods
High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods
*Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology
*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/enzymology

@article {pmid41527398,
year = {2026},
author = {Glock, M and Erdekian, A and Rueb, M and Uhl, F and Husemann, R and Stoffers-Winterling, J and Lindner, S and Tüscher, O and Hölzel, LP and Lieb, K and Adorjan, K and Wiegand, HF},
title = {Utilization of mental health services during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic - a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists},
volume = {69},
number = {1},
pages = {e10},
doi = {10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.10119},
pmid = {41527398},
issn = {1778-3585},
support = {01KX2021//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung/ ; 01KX2121//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology ; Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data ; *Mental Disorders/therapy ; *Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Telemedicine/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges to infectious disease management and mental health services (MHS). Service demand and delivery changed due to fear of infection, economic hardships, and the psychological effects of protective measures. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to quantify these impacts on different mental health service settings.

METHODS: Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO, focusing on studies published from the initial outbreak of COVID-19, starting in November 2019. Studies were included comparing the utilization of mental health inpatient, emergency department (ED), and outpatient services (including telemedicine and medication prescriptions) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A random-effects model was employed to estimate pooled effects, with study quality assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

RESULTS: Among 128 studies, significant decreases in utilization were observed during the initial phase of the pandemic for inpatient services (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.85) and ED visits (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.10). Outpatient services showed a similar decline (RR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.92), while no significant change was found in psychotropic medication prescriptions (RR: 0.90, CI: 0.77 to 1.05). In contrast, telemedicine utilization increased significantly (RR: 7.57, 95% CI: 3.63 to 15.77).

CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal substantial shifts in mental health service utilization during the pandemic, with the largest reductions in inpatient services and significant increases in telemedicine use. These results emphasize the need for flexible healthcare models. Further research is essential to evaluate the consequences of reduced MHS utilization.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology
Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data
*Mental Disorders/therapy
*Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data
*Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data
SARS-CoV-2
Telemedicine/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid41526978,
year = {2026},
author = {Munteanu, V and Saldana, MA and Dreifuss, D and Ouyang, WO and Ferdous, J and Mohebbi, F and Roseberry, JS and Ciorba, D and Bostan, V and Gordeev, V and Drabcinski, N and Su, JM and Kasianchuk, N and Sharma, NK and Knyazev, S and Aßmann, E and Lobiuc, A and Covasa, M and Crandall, KA and Wu, NC and Mason, CE and Tierney, BT and Lucaci, AG and Ophoff, RA and Gibas, C and Rzymski, P and Skums, P and Solo-Gabriele, H and Niko, B and Zelikovsky, A and Hölzer, M and Smith, A and Mangul, S},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 wastewater genomic surveillance: approaches, challenges, and opportunities.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {1},
pmid = {41526978},
issn = {1474-760X},
mesh = {*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Wastewater/virology ; Humans ; *COVID-19/virology/epidemiology ; *Genome, Viral ; *Genomics/methods ; Computational Biology/methods ; },
abstract = {Wastewater-based genomic surveillance (WWGS) has proven effective for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses within communities. It enables rapid detection of known and emerging mutations and provides insights into circulating lineages. Despite its advantages, WWGS faces challenges in sample processing and computational analysis, particularly in distinguishing similar lineages and identifying novel ones. Recent methods for wastewater sequencing (WWS) analysis remain largely untested amid declining clinical surveillance and ongoing viral evolution. This review examines opportunities and limitations of WWGS, focusing on sample preparation, sequencing technologies, and bioinformatics approaches, and highlights its potential to strengthen public health monitoring systems.},
}

*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification
*Wastewater/virology
Humans
*COVID-19/virology/epidemiology
*Genome, Viral
*Genomics/methods
Computational Biology/methods

@article {pmid41525859,
year = {2026},
author = {Kumar, P and Ahir, P and Sharma, S and Thakur, V and Verma, P and Kumar, I and Bharti, V and Kumar, S},
title = {Exploring molecular interactions of drugs in different biologically active solvents: A comprehensive review for safe and efficient drug delivery systems.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {340},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {150197},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.150197},
pmid = {41525859},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {In this review, the interactions between drugs and biologically active solvents have been extensively investigated due to their importance in optimizing pharmaceutical formulation performance for effective therapeutic efficacy and safe drug delivery. These interactions determine the molecular stability, reactivity and solubility of drugs in different biocompatible solvents. The knowledge about their absorption, distribution, metabolism, transport and bioavailability can be enhanced from their molecular interactions data. There have been reports of improved solubility and stability of drugs like metformin hydrochloride and hydralazine hydrochloride in aqueous solutions of carbohydrates and amino acids, which has an immediate effect on their bioavailability and treatment efficacy. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has reestablished the importance of this review, as some drugs were clinically approved after proving their activity and efficacy during this phase. The antivirals favipiravir, remdesivir and two repurposed drugs, antimalarial hydroxychloroquine and metabolic inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) were approved during this phase based on their available physicochemical data. These results established the clinical efficacy and dependency of drugs on their solvation environment, highlighting the pharmacological importance of studying molecular interactions in addition to their theoretical significance. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) model was adopted to conduct this systematic review, covering scientific articles from 2000 to 2025 to ensure a careful evaluation of recent advancements. This review focuses on the molecular interactions of various drugs with different biological solvent systems, using physicochemical, spectroscopic, and computational methods. It critically examines drug-solvent interactions by specifying quantitative physicochemical (free energy changes), spectral (binding constant) and computational metrics (binding affinity). This integrated approach provides a novel molecular-level insight into the structural, solvation, and interaction behavior of drugs under physiological conditions. The integration of molecular dynamics, artificial intelligence/machine learning tools, and experimental validation represents a prospective approach for addressing current limitations, contributing to the development of precision in drug delivery strategies for personalized medications. This review could be substantial for biochemical and medicinal sectors with important implications in formulation, stability, bioavailability, and solubility of drugs in clinical pharmacology. The outcome may provide an important basis for advanced research in future, serving the scientific community in understanding pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drug interactions. This can further strengthen the advanced research in future, involving drug-solvent interactions, which ultimately improves the safety, treatment efficacy and delivery performance of the drugs.},
}

@article {pmid41524162,
year = {2025},
author = {Maleev, VV and Fomin, VV and Manakhov, KM and Volkova, OS},
title = {[Cardio-renal syndrome: perspectives of research in infectious diseases].},
journal = {Terapevticheskii arkhiv},
volume = {97},
number = {11},
pages = {902-907},
doi = {10.26442/00403660.2025.11.203463},
pmid = {41524162},
issn = {0040-3660},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Cardio-Renal Syndrome/epidemiology/etiology/diagnosis/therapy ; Prognosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/epidemiology ; *Communicable Diseases/complications/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Clinical and prognostic significance of cardio-renal syndrome in various infectious diseases are discussed. Incidence and prognosis, as well as pathogenesis of cardio-renal syndrome in patients with infectious diseases, admitted to ICU of infectious hospitals, as well as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and in COVID-19 are reviewed.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
*Cardio-Renal Syndrome/epidemiology/etiology/diagnosis/therapy
Prognosis
SARS-CoV-2
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/epidemiology
*Communicable Diseases/complications/epidemiology

@article {pmid41523846,
year = {2025},
author = {Fraga, RO and Fraga, ASA and Conte, AAM and Skupien, JA and Schuch, NJ},
title = {Prevalence of burnout among Brazilian Army soldiers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional analysis.},
journal = {Revista brasileira de medicina do trabalho : publicacao oficial da Associacao Nacional de Medicina do Trabalho-ANAMT},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {e20251467},
pmid = {41523846},
issn = {1679-4435},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of frontline workers, including military personnel.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome among Brazilian Army personnel during the pandemic and identify associated predictive variables.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 602 volunteer military personnel in the city of Santa Maria, Brazil. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to assess burnout syndrome, defined by high levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, or low personal accomplishment. Logistic regression was performed to identify associated factors.

RESULTS: The prevalence ofburnout syndrome was 48.7%. High levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment were found in 53.8%, 58.4%, and 27.0% of participants, respectively. Emotional exhaustion was more common in those with over 10 years of service (p = 0.001), higher rank (p < 0.001), and age > 40 years (p = 0.008). Low personal accomplishment was associated with lower rank (p = 0.007) and administrative duties (p = 0.032).

CONCLUSIONS: Burnout syndrome was highly prevalent among military personnel in Brazil during the pandemic, with findings similar to those observed in other professional groups.},
}

@article {pmid41522489,
year = {2026},
author = {Ren, Q and Wang, Y and Ma, H and Xie, J and Jin, J and Tian, R and Yu, H and Gao, X and Chen, N},
title = {Recent Advances in Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid Diagnosis of Viral Diseases.},
journal = {Transboundary and emerging diseases},
volume = {2026},
number = {},
pages = {5701806},
pmid = {41522489},
issn = {1865-1682},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; Immunoassay/methods/veterinary ; *Virus Diseases/diagnosis/veterinary/virology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {Viral diseases are a major threat to human and animal health, as illustrated by recent pandemics like COVID-19 and African swine fever (ASF). Timely, accurate detection of viral infections is critical for effective disease control. Among diverse diagnostic techniques, lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has become a widely used on-site testing tool, owing to its speed, simplicity, affordability, and portability. The application of LFIA for detecting human and animal viruses is feasible, which highlights its practical utility in veterinary settings. This review summarizes key advances in LFIA for the rapid diagnosis of viral diseases over the past decade, focusing on its technical principles, practical applications, core advantages, existing limitations, and potential effective strategies to provide comprehensive knowledge for virus detection.},
}

Animals
Humans
Immunoassay/methods/veterinary
*Virus Diseases/diagnosis/veterinary/virology
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19/diagnosis

@article {pmid41522210,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Z and Fang, X and Gao, J and Sun, H and Xu, T and Wang, J},
title = {Efficacy and Safety of Pirfenidone for Mitigation of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities in COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Canadian respiratory journal},
volume = {2026},
number = {},
pages = {8812779},
pmid = {41522210},
issn = {1916-7245},
mesh = {Humans ; *Pyridones/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Lung Diseases, Interstitial/drug therapy/etiology ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Antifibrotic Agents/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although post-COVID-19 interstitial lung abnormalities (ILAs) are common, the use of antifibrotic agents to prevent their onset and progression is controversial. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of pirfenidone to mitigate the onset and progression of ILAs in patients with severe COVID-19.

METHODS: We systematically searched literature published before July 21, 2025, from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine, Weipu, and Wanfang databases, without language limitation. Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies that evaluated the effect of pirfenidone on COVID-19-induced ILAs were included. Risk of bias was determined using the Revised Cochrane Randomized Trial Risk Bias Tool Version 2 and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The efficacy and safety of pirfenidone for ILAs in COVID-19 were analyzed by Review Manager 5.4 software.

RESULTS: Eight studies were included, comprising 335 patients in pirfenidone treatment groups and 302 controls. Risk of bias ranged from low to moderate. Pirfenidone significantly decreased chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) scores during early- and late-stage COVID-19 and significantly improved forced expiratory volume in 1 s, especially in late-stage COVID-19. Pirfenidone treatment was associated with statistically nonsignificant trends toward improved forced vital capacity and decreased all-cause mortality. Furthermore, HRCT scores, pulmonary function, and inflammatory cytokine levels following pirfenidone treatment were superior to those obtained after glucocorticoid therapy. The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was higher in the pirfenidone than the control group, but no serious adverse events or fatalities occurred.

CONCLUSION: Pirfenidone therapy may mitigate ILAs and preserve pulmonary function among survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia. Furthermore, pirfenidone exhibited acceptable safety and tolerability profiles.},
}

Humans
*Pyridones/therapeutic use/adverse effects
*COVID-19/complications
*Lung Diseases, Interstitial/drug therapy/etiology
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
SARS-CoV-2
*Antifibrotic Agents/therapeutic use
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid41522108,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, X and Cai, Q and Lin, L and Deng, H and Zeng, R and Shi, J and Huang, L and Liu, H and Li, C and Li, J and Cheng, B and Liu, H and Thiery, JP and Liang, W and He, J},
title = {Novel insights into diagnosis and management of hyperreactivity: a narrative review.},
journal = {Journal of thoracic disease},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {11429-11453},
pmid = {41522108},
issn = {2072-1439},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Hyperreactivity (HR) refers to an exaggerated biological response to a given stimulus that is within the normal physiological range, resulting from a lowered activation threshold of the involved system or effector cells. It commonly occurs after surgery, lung transplantation, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection but lacks a unified concept and systematic understanding. This review aims to elucidate the concept, mechanisms, and disease spectrum of HR as an independent clinical entity, systematically explore its roles in postoperative conditions, lung transplantation, and COVID-19, and develop a biomarker-based hierarchical management framework, thereby providing a new paradigm for its precise recognition and intervention.

METHODS: We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for literature published from January 1, 1968, to November 1, 2025, including reviews, randomized controlled trials, and observational studies, human or animal studies related to HR mechanisms or clinical phenotypes, while excluding non-peer-reviewed materials such as case reports and conference abstracts.

KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: This study first proposes that HR arises from a four-dimensional imbalance across the nervous, endocrine, immune, and microenvironmental systems, characterized by thoroughness, early onset/persistence, and individual variability. The mechanisms underlying HR in postoperative, transplant-related, and COVID-19 conditions are systematically summarized, and a hierarchical, biomarker-based management framework is developed, highlighting the need for marker validation and trajectory modeling.

CONCLUSIONS: HR represents an independent clinical entity that transcends traditional disease boundaries. This review provides a new paradigm for its precise recognition and intervention and is expected to advance the conceptual and practical development of this field. Future research, clinical practice, and policy formulation should be individualized and mechanism-driven.},
}

@article {pmid41521363,
year = {2026},
author = {Singh, D},
title = {mRNA-Encoded antibodies as a next-generation therapeutic paradigm: a rapid and adaptive platform for the prevention and treatment of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases - A critical review.},
journal = {Immunologic research},
volume = {74},
number = {1},
pages = {7},
pmid = {41521363},
issn = {1559-0755},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control/therapy ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics/therapeutic use/immunology ; Animals ; *RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/genetics/therapeutic use/immunology ; *Communicable Diseases, Emerging/therapy/immunology/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {Messenger RNA (mRNA)-encoded antibodies represent a transformative therapeutic platform with the potential to rapidly combat emerging infectious diseases by enabling in situ expression of potent neutralizing antibodies directly in the patient's body. Unlike conventional monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies, which rely on labor-intensive and time-consuming cell culture production, mRNA-encoded antibodies offer a faster, scalable, and cell-free approach that bypasses protein purification and cold-chain constraints. This strategy has demonstrated considerable promise during the COVID-19 pandemic, where Moderna's mRNA-1940, an mRNA-based neutralizing antibody targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, entered preclinical and early-phase trials within months of viral emergence, underscoring the potential for rapid response in outbreak settings. The platform leverages advances in nucleoside-modified mRNA, codon optimization, and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery systems to achieve transient, high-level expression of functional antibodies with reduced innate immune activation. Beyond COVID-19, mRNA-encoded antibody approaches have been explored in preclinical models of Zika virus, Ebola virus, and rabies, where a single intramuscular dose provided prophylactic and therapeutic benefits in animal models. As the world faces recurrent viral threats, the development of mRNA-encoded antibodies as a plug-and-play system offers a compelling, adaptable, and clinically feasible strategy for infectious disease preparedness. This review explores the mechanistic foundation, delivery technologies, translational progress, case studies, safety considerations, and future clinical potential of mRNA-encoded antibodies in combating both pandemic and endemic infections.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control/therapy
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics/therapeutic use/immunology
Animals
*RNA, Messenger/genetics
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
*Antibodies, Viral/genetics/therapeutic use/immunology
*Communicable Diseases, Emerging/therapy/immunology/prevention & control

@article {pmid41521058,
year = {2026},
author = {Keefer, S and Lorenzo-Leal, AC and Bach, H},
title = {Advancements in nanotrap technology for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.},
journal = {Nanomedicine (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1080/17435889.2026.2614545},
pmid = {41521058},
issn = {1748-6963},
abstract = {Nanotraps are particles designed to capture and concentrate target molecules and have numerous applications in infectious diseases. This review outlines how nanotrap technologies may improve the detection and treatment of bacterial and viral pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Yersinia pestis, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and others. Nanotraps can enhance the sensitivity of diagnostic tools and support treatment by neutralizing bacterial toxins, capturing inflammatory mediators, and preserving viral proteins for detection. Nanotraps have also been investigated for vaccine development. While results from in vitro and in vivo models are encouraging, there is significant room for further research regarding safety and other unexplored applications of these technologies. Nanotraps offer a flexible platform with the potential to improve how we diagnose and manage a multitude of infectious diseases.},
}

@article {pmid41519993,
year = {2026},
author = {Azhar, LE and Samkari, DA and Hassan, AM and Alsayed, SM and Azhar, EI},
title = {The Emergence and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Variant XFG ("Stratus"): Comparative Virological, Epidemiological, and Public-Health Perspectives.},
journal = {Journal of epidemiology and global health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s44197-025-00510-x},
pmid = {41519993},
issn = {2210-6014},
}

@article {pmid41517681,
year = {2026},
author = {Escobar-Segovia, K and Domínguez-Salas, S and García-Iglesias, JJ and López-López, D and Allande-Cussó, R and Ruiz-Frutos, C and Artero-García, A and Gómez-Salgado, J},
title = {Psychological distress in Spanish-speaking countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {105},
number = {2},
pages = {e47062},
pmid = {41517681},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Psychological Distress ; *Stress, Psychological/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; Pandemics ; Spain/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Psychological distress (PD) has increased significantly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In Spanish-speaking countries, with their cultural, social, and economic diversity, this phenomenon has become particularly relevant and has been aggravated by factors such as socioeconomic inequalities and unequal access to mental health services. The aim of this systematic review was to consolidate the available knowledge on PD in Spanish-speaking population groups by assessing both the prevalence of symptoms and the associated factors in different demographic groups and geographic contexts, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: A systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement was conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus electronic databases in January 2025. The search included studies published from the beginning of the pandemic until May 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical assessment tool was used to evaluate the chosen studies' methodological quality.

RESULTS: A total of 53 studies were included in the review, which involved research conducted in Spain, Peru, Chile, Ecuador, Argentina, and Colombia. The results revealed a high prevalence of PD in these countries, especially among healthcare workers, women, and young people. The assessment methods used included the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, GHQ-12, and GHQ-28 versions), the Kessler scale (K-6 and K-10 versions), and the 90-symptom checklist questionnaire (SCL-90-R), that allowed obtaining various dimensions of PD. The studies also highlighted the importance of the sense of coherence and work engagement as protective factors.

CONCLUSIONS: In the COVID-19 pandemic, PD was analyzed to be severe in Spanish-speaking countries, pointing to the need for specific and culturally adapted interventions to address this public mental health crisis. This is why public health policies must focus on the prevention and treatment of PD, with special attention to the most vulnerable groups.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
*Psychological Distress
*Stress, Psychological/epidemiology
Prevalence
SARS-CoV-2
Female
Pandemics
Spain/epidemiology

@article {pmid41517591,
year = {2026},
author = {Cotet, IG and Mateescu, DM and Gavrilescu, DM and Marginean, A and Serban, S and Ilie, AC and Guse, C and Pah, AM and Badalica-Petrescu, M and Iurciuc, S and Craciun, ML and Avram, A and Tudoran, C},
title = {Surgical Timing and Safety of Breast Cancer Operations After COVID-19: A Prospective-Only Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41517591},
issn = {2077-0383},
support = {Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara//Victor Babeș University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara/ ; },
abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic raised uncertainties regarding the safe timing of breast cancer surgery after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and robust prospective evidence has remained limited. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies (2020-2024) investigating postoperative outcomes in breast cancer patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection ≤90 days before surgery versus contemporaneous non-infected controls treated at the same institutions and in the same period. PROSPERO CRD420251174613. Random-effects models (DerSimonian-Laird with Hartung-Knapp adjustment) were used to pool odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and certainty of evidence was rated using GRADE. Results: Twelve prospective cohort studies, including 7812 patients, compared breast cancer surgery after recent confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection over 90 days with contemporaneous non-infected controls treated at the same centres. Overall, recent infection was associated with higher 30-day postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ II) compared to. non-infected patients (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.44-2.81) and increased venous thromboembolism (3.6%vs. 1.2%; OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.29-7.55). Early surgery 14 days after infection carried the highest risk of complications (OR 4.38, 95 CI 2.31-8.30), whereas operations performed ≥6 weeks yielded outcomes comparable to non-infected controls (OR 1.03, 95 CI 0.81-1.31); 30-day mortality remained very low (0.3). Conclusions: Breast cancer surgery after SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with excess perioperative risk only when performed within the first two weeks. Delaying surgery to approximately six weeks minimises complications and VTE without compromising short-term safety.},
}

@article {pmid41517347,
year = {2025},
author = {Boccatonda, A and Brighenti, A and D'Ardes, D and Vetrugno, L},
title = {High-Flow Nasal Cannula Outside the ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41517347},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background: Use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) expanded from ICUs to internal medicine/respiratory wards during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, but safety and effectiveness in non-ICU settings remain uncertain. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of adults (≥18 years) initiated on HFNC in non-ICU wards. Primary outcomes were in-hospital (or 28-day) mortality and ICU transfer; where available, we compared mortality for HFNC vs. conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in do-not-intubate (DNI) cohorts. Observational studies and trials were eligible. Random-effects models synthesized proportions and risk ratios; risk of bias (ROBINS-I/RoB 2) and certainty (GRADE) were assessed. Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria for any-ward HFNC; subsets contributed data to pooled analyses. Across all non-ICU wards (general wards plus step-up IMCU/HDU), pooled mortality was 14.0% (95% CI 4.6-35.5; I[2] ≈ 92%). Pooled ICU transfer after ward/step-up HFNC start was 20.0% (95% CI 6.3-48.1; I[2] ≈ 97%). Restricted to internal medicine/respiratory wards, pooled mortality was 19.8% (95% CI 7.1-44.2; I[2] ≈ 95%) and ICU transfer 31.2% (95% CI 9.9-65.0; I[2] ≈ 97%). In step-up units (IMCU/HDU), ICU transfer appeared lower and less variable (22.0% [95% CI 16.5-28.8]; I[2] ≈ 10%), suggesting environment-dependent outcomes. In a multicenter DNI COVID-19 cohort, HFNC vs. COT showed no clear mortality difference (RR ≈ 0.90, 95% CI 0.75-1.08; adjusted OR ≈ 0.72, 95% CI 0.34-1.54). Certainty of evidence for all critical outcomes was very low due to observational design, high inconsistency, and imprecision. Conclusions: HFNC outside the ICU is feasible, but it is related to nontrivial mortality and frequent escalation-particularly on general wards-while step-up units demonstrate more reproducible trajectories. Outcomes appear strongly conditioned by care environment, staffing, monitoring, and escalation pathways. Given very low certainty and substantial heterogeneity, institutions should pair ward HFNC with protocolized reassessment and rapid response/ICU outreach, and future research should prospectively compare ward HFNC pathways against optimized COT/NIV using standardized outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41516981,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, WH and Ho, YF and Yeh, JY and Liu, PY and Huang, PH},
title = {Hospital Influenza Outbreak Management in the Post-COVID Era: A Narrative Review of Evolving Practices and Feasibility Considerations.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41516981},
issn = {2227-9032},
abstract = {Background: Hospital-acquired influenza remains a persistent threat that amplifies morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and operational strain, particularly among older and immunocompromised inpatients. The COVID-19 era reshaped control norms-normalizing N95 use during surges, ventilation improvements, and routine multiplex PCR-creating an opportunity to strengthen hospital outbreak management. Methods: We conducted a targeted narrative review of WHO/CDC/Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidance and peer-reviewed studies (January 2015-August 2025), emphasizing adult inpatient care. This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence and discusses theoretical implications for practice, rather than establishing formal guidelines. Evidence was synthesized into pragmatic practice statements on detection, diagnostics, isolation/cohorting, antivirals, chemoprophylaxis, vaccination, surveillance, and communication. Results: Early recognition and test-based confirmation are pivotal. For inpatients, nucleic-acid amplification tests are preferred; negative antigen tests warrant PCR confirmation, and lower-respiratory specimens improve yield in severe disease. A practical outbreak threshold is ≥2 epidemiologically linked, laboratory-confirmed cases within 72 h on the same ward. Effective control may require immediate isolation or cohorting with dedicated staff, strict droplet/respiratory protection, and daily active surveillance. Early oseltamivir (≤48 h from onset or on admission) reduces mortality and length of stay; short-course post-exposure prophylaxis for exposed patients or staff lowers secondary attack rates. Integrated vaccination efforts for healthcare personnel and high-risk patients reinforce workforce resilience and reduce transmission. Conclusions: A standardized, clinician-led bundle-early molecular testing, do-not-delay antivirals, decisive cohorting and Personal protective equipment (PPE), targeted chemoprophylaxis, vaccination, and disciplined communication- could help curb transmission, protect vulnerable patients and staff, and preserve capacity. Hospitals should codify COVID-era layered controls for seasonal influenza and rehearse unit-level outbreak playbooks to accelerate response and recovery. These recommendations target clinicians and infection-prevention leaders in acute-care hospitals.},
}

@article {pmid41516418,
year = {2026},
author = {Barajas, A and Riquelme-Alacid, G and Vera-Montecinos, A and Ramos, B},
title = {Cognition, Cytokines, Blood-Brain Barrier, and Beyond in COVID-19: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41516418},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {PI21/00059//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism ; *COVID-19/complications/psychology/metabolism/immunology ; *Cytokines/metabolism/blood ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Cognition/physiology ; },
abstract = {Numerous studies report cognitive impairment in COVID-19 patients from the acute to post-acute phases, linked to blood inflammation affecting blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and causing leakage of glial and neuronal proteins. However, a clear classification of these cognitive deficits and molecular blood events over time is still lacking. This narrative review summarizes the neuropsychological consequences of COVID-19 and evidence of altered cytokines and BBB disruption as potential mediators of cognitive impairment across post-infection phases. Post-COVID-19 cognitive dysfunction appears to follow a temporal course, evolving from acute focal deficits in attention, working memory, and executive function to more persistent multidomain impairments. We reviewed key cytokines released into the blood during COVID-19 infection, including antiviral (IFNγ, CXCL1, CXCL10), inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, GM-CSF, TNFα), and monocyte chemoattractants (MCP1/CCL2, MCP3/CCL7, MIP-1α/CCL3, GM-CSF, G-CSF). This analysis shows that several inflammatory and viral cytokines remain elevated beyond the acute phase and are associated with cognitive deficits, including IL-6, IL-13, IL-8, IL-1β, TNFα, and MCP1 in long-term post-COVID-19 patients. In addition, we examined studies analyzing changes over time in neurovascular unit proteins as biomarkers of BBB disruption, including extracellular matrix proteins (PPIA, MMP-9), astrocytes (S100β, GFAP), and neurons (NFL). These proteins are elevated in acute COVID-19 but generally return to control levels within six months, suggesting BBB restoration. However, in patients followed for over a year, BBB disruption persists only in those with cognitive impairment and is associated with systemic inflammation, with TGFβ as a related biomarker. Although cognitive sequelae can persist for over 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, further studies are needed to investigate long-term neurocognitive outcomes and their link to sustained proinflammatory cytokine elevation and brain impact.},
}

Humans
*Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
*COVID-19/complications/psychology/metabolism/immunology
*Cytokines/metabolism/blood
*Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology
SARS-CoV-2
*Cognition/physiology

@article {pmid41516301,
year = {2025},
author = {Stojanovic, M and Djuric, M and Nenadic, I and Bojic, S and Andrijevic, A and Popovic, A and Pesic, S},
title = {Vascular Complications of Long COVID-From Endothelial Dysfunction to Systemic Thrombosis: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41516301},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/pathology ; *Thrombosis/etiology/pathology ; *Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology/pathology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated not only with respiratory illness but also with profound vascular and coagulation disturbances. Long COVID (LC) is characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, cognitive impairment, and palpitations. Mechanistically, SARS-CoV-2 induces direct endothelial injury, promotes a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu, and activates platelets, leading to immunothrombosis and impaired fibrinolysis. Consequently, patients exhibit microthrombosis, elevated plasma D-dimer, fibrinogen dysregulation, and persistent hypercoagulability. Clinically, this translates into an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, as well as arterial thrombotic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke, which may persist months after acute infection. Understanding the interplay between endothelial injury, inflammation, and coagulation is crucial for risk stratification and the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. We conducted a systematic narrative review of the literature, including human clinical and mechanistic studies identified through PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science up to 30 September 2025. This review synthesizes current evidence on vascular complications in LC, highlighting endothelial dysfunction as a central pathophysiological nexus linking the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection with chronic LC manifestations.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/pathology
*Thrombosis/etiology/pathology
*Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology/pathology
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41516190,
year = {2025},
author = {Mcmillan, P and Turner, AJ and Uhal, BD},
title = {The Central Role of Macrophages in Long COVID Pathophysiology.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41516190},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/physiopathology/pathology/virology ; *Macrophages/immunology/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Macrophage Activation/immunology ; Immunity, Innate ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism/immunology ; Animals ; },
abstract = {This review article attempts to provide a unifying hypothesis to explain the myriad of symptoms and predispositions underlying the development of PASC (Postacute Sequelae of COVID), often referred to as Long COVID. The hypothesis described here proposes that Long COVID is best understood as a disorder of persistent immune dysregulation, with chronic macrophage activation representing the fundamental underlying pathophysiology. Unlike transient post-viral syndromes, Long COVID involves a sustained innate immune response, particularly within monocyte-derived macrophages, driven by persistent spike protein (peripherally in MAIT cells and centrally in Microglial cells), epigenetic imprinting, and gut-related viral reservoirs. These macrophages are not merely activated temporarily but also become epigenetically "trained" into a prolonged inflammatory state, as demonstrated by enduring histone acetylation markers such as H3K27acDNA Reprogramming. It is proposed that recognizing macrophage activation as the central axis of Long COVID pathology offers a framework for personalized risk assessment, targeted intervention, and therapeutic recalibration.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/physiopathology/pathology/virology
*Macrophages/immunology/metabolism
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Macrophage Activation/immunology
Immunity, Innate
Epigenesis, Genetic
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism/immunology
Animals

@article {pmid41516027,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, J and Qu, Y and Yuan, Z and Lun, Y and Kuang, J and Shao, T and Qi, Y and Li, Y and Zhu, L},
title = {Targeting Host Dependency Factors: A Paradigm Shift in Antiviral Strategy Against RNA Viruses.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41516027},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *RNA Viruses/drug effects/physiology ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; Virus Replication/drug effects ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions/drug effects ; *RNA Virus Infections/drug therapy/virology/metabolism ; Animals ; COVID-19/virology ; },
abstract = {RNA viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, pose a persistent threat to global public health. Their high mutation rates undermine the effectiveness of conventional direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and facilitate drug resistance. As obligate intracellular parasites, RNA viruses rely extensively on host cellular machinery and metabolic pathways throughout their life cycle. This dependency has prompted a strategic shift in antiviral research-from targeting the mutable virus to targeting relatively conserved host dependency factors (HDFs). In this review, we systematically analyze how RNA viruses exploit HDFs at each stage of infection: utilizing host receptors for entry; remodeling endomembrane systems to establish replication organelles; hijacking transcriptional, translational, and metabolic systems for genome replication and protein synthesis; and co-opting trafficking and budding machinery for assembly and egress. By comparing strategies across diverse RNA viruses, we highlight the broad-spectrum potential of HDF-targeting approaches, which offer a higher genetic barrier to resistance, providing a rational framework for developing host-targeting antiviral therapies.},
}

Humans
*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*RNA Viruses/drug effects/physiology
SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
Virus Replication/drug effects
*Host-Pathogen Interactions/drug effects
*RNA Virus Infections/drug therapy/virology/metabolism
Animals
COVID-19/virology

@article {pmid41516024,
year = {2025},
author = {Cuppen, JJM and Savelkoul, HFJ},
title = {Immune Delay, Beyond Immune Evasion, as a Driver of Pathogen Propagation Competence Through Neutrophil Dysregulation, to be Mitigated by Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (LF-EMF).},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41516024},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neutrophils/immunology/radiation effects ; *Immune Evasion/radiation effects ; *Electromagnetic Fields ; *Bacterial Infections/immunology ; Animals ; *Virus Diseases/immunology ; Neutrophil Activation/immunology/radiation effects ; },
abstract = {This paper proposes that immune delay, beyond immune evasion, is key in the propagation competence of major viral and bacterial infections, and that the dynamics of infection and immune response suggest possibilities for mitigating the ensuing infectious diseases. Recent data show a critical role of neutrophils at various stages of viral and bacterial infections, revealing how early activation of neutrophils could help mitigate infectious diseases. It could prevent the gradual overactivation of subclasses of neutrophils and probably not induce it. In respiratory virus infections, an immune delay of several days allows the development of a high viral load supporting infectivity towards further hosts when a delayed and increased immune response takes place. Virus variants will optimize immune delay towards highest infectivity, supporting pandemic potential. The influenza virus, coronavirus, and several major bacterial infections exhibit such immune delay capability. Recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) are common, often associated with the causative uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) that has this capability, suggesting that immune delay is crucial in the pathogenesis of rUTI and other widespread bacterial infections. Counteracting immune delay, therefore, is a promising approach for mitigating infectious diseases with epidemic and pandemic presence or potential. Previously proven low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF)-induced neutrophil activation is such an approach.},
}

Humans
*Neutrophils/immunology/radiation effects
*Immune Evasion/radiation effects
*Electromagnetic Fields
*Bacterial Infections/immunology
Animals
*Virus Diseases/immunology
Neutrophil Activation/immunology/radiation effects

@article {pmid41515644,
year = {2026},
author = {Azman, SA and Kennedy, MP},
title = {Single-Use Flexible Bronchoscopy: Advances in Technology and Applications.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41515644},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {With advances in scope and imaging technology, the use of single-use flexible bronchoscopy (SUFB) has broadened beyond intensive care units and operating rooms to bronchoscopy units, with an expanding body of literature suggesting adequate and comparable procedure outcomes, including airway inspection, bronchoalveolar lavage, endobronchial brushing and endobronchial biopsy, in comparison to standard reusable flexible bronchoscopy (RFB). Advantages such as mobility, ease of use and lack of requirement for cleaning staff during the COVID-19 pandemic led to a global increase in usage, with many companies developing SUFB as part of their bronchoscopy portfolio. In parallel, there has been more attention and initiatives to minimise the risk of infection transmission related to bronchoscopy. RFB requires maximum adherence to manufacturer-recommended cleaning protocols. However, evidence of transmissible organisms after cleaning is reported in healthcare settings of all types. After initial benchtop, retrospective and single-arm studies, comparative bronchoscopy studies are identifying that SUFB are as versatile and non-inferior to RFB. However, cost-effectiveness and sustainability factors have to be included in deciding the use of SUFB in routine practice.},
}

@article {pmid41514815,
year = {2026},
author = {Vasinioti, VI and Lucente, MS and Catella, C and Buonavoglia, C and Decaro, N and Pratelli, A and Capozza, P},
title = {Feline Infectious Peritonitis: A Challenging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Labyrinth.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {41514815},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) are ubiquitous pathogens, exhibiting high prevalence across feline populations worldwide. Although the virulent mutated biotype feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is observed in only a small percentage of cats, it causes a systemic and often fatal disease. Diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is challenging due to its non-specific clinical signs and the difficulty in differentiating between the two biotypes, feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and FPIV. Currently, veterinarians rely on a combination of diagnostic methods, integrating laboratory tests, anamnesis and clinical signs to improve the diagnostic accuracy of FIP. Once considered untreatable, FIP now benefits from recent pharmacological advances that suggest promising therapeutic options, including antiviral drugs and immunomodulatory therapies. Despite these developments, the lack of an effective vaccine and definitive curative treatment highlights the need for continued research. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current literature on diagnostic and treatment approaches for FIP. The aim is to improve understanding of the available options and strategies for FIP to mitigate its severe consequences.},
}

@article {pmid41513611,
year = {2026},
author = {Nunes, M and Kell, L and Slaghekke, A and Wüst, RC and Fielding, BC and Kell, DB and Pretorius, E},
title = {Virus-induced endothelial senescence as a cause and driving factor for ME/CFS and long COVID: mediated by a dysfunctional immune system.},
journal = {Cell death & disease},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {16},
pmid = {41513611},
issn = {2041-4889},
support = {NNF20CC0035580//Novo Nordisk Fonden (Novo Nordisk Foundation)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/virology/pathology/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Cellular Senescence ; *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/immunology/virology/pathology ; *Endothelial Cells/pathology/virology/immunology ; *Immune System/pathology ; *Endothelium, Vascular/pathology/virology ; },
abstract = {Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and long COVID are two post-viral diseases, which share many common symptoms and pathophysiological alterations. Yet a mechanistic explanation of disease induction and maintenance is lacking. This hinders the discovery and implementation of biomarkers and treatment options, and ultimately the establishment of effective clinical resolution. Here, we propose that acute viral infection results in (in)direct endothelial dysfunction and senescence, which at the blood-brain barrier, cerebral arteries, gastrointestinal tract, and skeletal muscle can explain symptoms. The endothelial senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is proinflammatory, pro-oxidative, procoagulant, primed for vasoconstriction, and characterized by impaired regulation of tissue repair, but also leads to dysregulated inflammatory processes. Immune abnormalities in ME/CFS and long COVID can account for the persistence of endothelial senescence long past the acute infection by preventing their clearance, thereby providing a mechanism for the chronic nature of ME/CFS and long COVID. The systemic and tissue-specific effects of endothelial senescence can thus explain the multisystem involvement in and subtypes of ME/CFS and long COVID, including dysregulated blood flow and perfusion deficits. This can occur in all tissues, but especially the brain as evidenced by findings of reduced cerebral blood flow and impaired perfusion of various brain regions, post-exertional malaise (PEM), gastrointestinal disturbances, and fatigue. Paramount to this theory is the affected endothelium, and the bidirectional sustainment of immune abnormalities and endothelial senescence. The recognition of endothelial cell dysfunction and senescence as a core element in the aetiology of both ME/CFS and Long COVID should aid in the establishment of effective biomarkers and treatment regimens.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/virology/pathology/complications
SARS-CoV-2
*Cellular Senescence
*Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/immunology/virology/pathology
*Endothelial Cells/pathology/virology/immunology
*Immune System/pathology
*Endothelium, Vascular/pathology/virology

@article {pmid41512436,
year = {2026},
author = {Chau, MT and Spuur, KM and Vu, H},
title = {Health human resources shortages in radiography and sustainable workforce development in Australia.},
journal = {Radiography (London, England : 1995)},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {103319},
doi = {10.1016/j.radi.2025.103319},
pmid = {41512436},
issn = {1532-2831},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Health Human Resources (HHR) are critical for the effective functioning of healthcare systems, yet significant shortages exist, particularly in radiography. The increasing demand for diagnostic radiography services, driven by advancements in medical technology, an aging population, and the prevalence of chronic diseases, exacerbates these shortages. The COVID-19 pandemic further highlighted workforce vulnerabilities, increasing workloads and burnout. This review examines HHR shortages in radiography in Australia and proposes strategies for sustainable workforce development.

KEY FINDINGS: The aging radiography workforce, with a significant portion nearing retirement, intensifies HHR shortages. The pandemic disrupted education and training, delaying the entry of new professionals and increasing turnover intentions among existing staff. The result being delayed imaging services, increased wait times, and potentially compromised patient outcomes. To address these challenges, a multifaceted strategy is proposed. Policy changes and government initiatives, including funding educational programs and recognizing internationally trained radiographers, can provide immediate relief. Expanding enrolment capacities and developing new training programs are essential. Retention strategies, including improving working conditions and career advancement opportunities, are crucial for workforce stability. Promoting advanced practice models can optimize task distribution and better utilize specialized skills. Leveraging technology, such as artificial intelligence and telehealth, can enhance productivity and extend service reach.

CONCLUSION: A comprehensive approach combining policy changes, educational initiatives, retention strategies, technology integration, international recruitment, and awareness campaigns is essential for addressing HHR shortages in radiography. By implementing these strategies, the radiography workforce can be better equipped to meet the growing demands of healthcare, ensuring optimal patient outcomes and the sustainability of health services.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Strengthening the radiography workforce will ensure timely and effective healthcare delivery, support health interventions, and progress towards universal health coverage and Sustainable Development Goals.},
}

@article {pmid41512080,
year = {2026},
author = {Lee, D and Malathi, K and Okano, T and Nakajima, K and Cobat, A and Morio, T and Casanova, JL and Zhang, SY},
title = {The OAS-RNase L pathway: Insights from experiments of nature.},
journal = {Science immunology},
volume = {11},
number = {115},
pages = {eads9407},
doi = {10.1126/sciimmunol.ads9407},
pmid = {41512080},
issn = {2470-9468},
mesh = {Humans ; *2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase/genetics/metabolism/immunology ; *Endoribonucleases/metabolism/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; },
abstract = {The 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetases (OASs) are type I interferon-inducible enzymes that, with ribonuclease L (RNase L), have been studied in the context of their coupled action as antiviral effectors. RNase L degrades host and viral ssRNA, affecting diverse cellular processes including translational arrest, interferon response, and apoptosis, all of which are thought to restrict viral replication. Recent studies of recessive inborn errors of human OAS1, OAS2, and RNase L, however, revealed that for SARS-CoV-2 infection, the main protective action of this pathway in natura may be through restricting phagocyte-driven postviral inflammation rather than restricting early viral replication in the respiratory tract. This finding is consistent with the identification of gain-of-function OAS1 mutations in humans with autoinflammation also driven by myeloid cells. Here, we retrace the investigation of the OAS-RNase L pathway, focusing on these recent in natura studies in humans that reposition the pathway as a determinant of the inflammatory response under natural conditions of infection.},
}

Humans
*2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase/genetics/metabolism/immunology
*Endoribonucleases/metabolism/immunology/genetics
*COVID-19/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/physiology
Animals
Signal Transduction

@article {pmid41510348,
year = {2025},
author = {Tachibana, S and Bourgeois Yoshioka, CK},
title = {Take Fatigue or Fatigues into Account in Physiotherapy Interventions? A Rapid Scoping Review.},
journal = {Physical therapy research},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {157-173},
pmid = {41510348},
issn = {2189-8448},
abstract = {Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms encountered in rehabilitation and during physical therapy interventions. Although this phenomenon is known and experienced by everyone, its assessment is not straightforward. The lack of consensus on its definition, complex etiology, and multidimensional nature means that a large number of outcomes exist and continue to be reviewed. However, it seems essential that its assessment be better defined and standardized to understand the effects of physical therapy. To provide an initial exploratory overview, we conducted a rapid scoping review of the various fatigue assessments used in physiotherapy interventions or performed by physical therapists. A total of 139 articles published between 2020 and July 31, 2025 were included and explored. We found 43 different outcomes used across 46 population groups. While the most well-known chronic conditions such as cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are representative, their assessment methods do not appear to be harmonized. These findings from the study support the idea that fatigue remains a complex phenomenon to assess. However, it appears that the lack of justification for the choice of an outcome prevents a better understanding of the reproducible effects on fatigue in physiotherapy interventions.},
}

@article {pmid41509876,
year = {2026},
author = {Ärlebrant, L and Schimmer, R and Edin-Liljegren, A},
title = {Patients' experiences of video consultations: A qualitative systematic review.},
journal = {Digital health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {20552076251404513},
pmid = {41509876},
issn = {2055-2076},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Video consultation (VC) became vital for improving healthcare access during COVID-19 pandemic and remains so. Despite evidence of effectiveness, concerns including technology literacy and inconsistencies in experience highlight the need for larger, patient-focused studies. While patients appreciate the convenience of VC, challenges during complex issues and patients' preferences for in-person care persists. Synthesising qualitative studies offers insights into the fragmented understanding of patient experiences with VC. This review explores adult patients' experiences of VC.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted for studies published between 2011 and 2024 and reported according to the PRISMA statement. Study quality was assessed using the CASP checklist, and data were analysed through thematic synthesis. Confidence in the findings was evaluated using GRADE-CERQual.

RESULTS: In total, 3203 unique studies were retrieved; 13 were included in the final synthesis, resulting in four main themes: (1) suitable for less complex issues when technical problems can be solved; (2) feeling secure, relaxed, and having mutual focus in an equitable partnership; (3) limitations regarding personal needs and practical help; and (4) increased vulnerability and lack of emotional feedback.

CONCLUSION: VC is experienced as ideal for managing less complex issues but is challenging for emotional topics due to technical concerns. It empowers patients by providing a neutral place for focused conversations but can create vulnerability and distance that can challenge the patient-professional relationship. Success requires technological adaptation, sufficient time during VC, and emotional support. VC should complement - not replace - traditional care, with its use determined in dialogue with patients.},
}

@article {pmid41506930,
year = {2026},
author = {He, WT and Jiang, ZW and Veit, M and Merits, A and Zhang, FN and Wang, D and Su, S},
title = {Multiscale imaging of RNA virus: bridging structural mapping and functional insights.},
journal = {Trends in microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2025.12.002},
pmid = {41506930},
issn = {1878-4380},
abstract = {RNA viruses, exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, pose a significant threat to global health. Their rapid mutation and host adaptability highlight the need for advanced tools for efficient viral studies and timely countermeasure development. Imaging technologies, such as cryo-electron microscopy and super-resolution microscopy, have been pivotal in advancing our understanding of viral structures, infection mechanisms, and virus-host interactions. However, each technique has limitations in the field of view or resolution. Recent advancements have focused on developing integrated multiscale imaging to better understand RNA virus pathogenesis. In this review, we examine recent progress in RNA virus imaging across molecular, cellular, and tissue scales, including cryo-electron tomography and correlative multiscale imaging, which link structural mapping with functional insights.},
}

@article {pmid41506147,
year = {2026},
author = {Huai, Y and Wang, X and Yan, J and Li, S and Zhao, H and Liao, B},
title = {Emerging viroporins, RBP dynamics, and skeletal remodeling: Targeting liquid-liquid phase separation for dual antiviral and bone-protective therapies.},
journal = {Molecular aspects of medicine},
volume = {107},
number = {},
pages = {101445},
doi = {10.1016/j.mam.2026.101445},
pmid = {41506147},
issn = {1872-9452},
abstract = {Emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens, particularly Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), are currently recognized as a significant global public health issue, commonly leading to devastating persistent complications including inflammatory bone disorders and long-lasting arthralgia. Although systemic cytokine storm has been reported as a significant factor, the particular intracellular processes through which these viruses affect bone homeostasis are still poorly understood. Recent studies underscore Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (LLPS) and RNA-Binding Proteins (RBPs) as significant regulatory mechanisms manipulated by these viruses. Particularly, the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein exploits its intrinsically disordered regions to promote LLPS, facilitating viral assembly by the active inhibition of a key host anti-viral mechanism, known as host Stress Granules. Studies suggest that this biophysical interaction can affect the stability of the HuR RBD, impairing the nuclear β-catenin localization and then Wnt-mediated osteogenesis. Despite increasing recognition of post-viral musculoskeletal complications, the mechanistic links between viral persistence, host RBP dysfunction, and impaired bone remodeling remain poorly defined. This review incorporates viral LLPS, stress granule impairment, and osteogenic signaling into a unified 'Two-Hit' pathogenic framework. It also addresses key knowledge gaps, including the lack of longitudinal clinical validation and in vivo evidence associating LLPS impairment to skeletal disorders. Interestingly, this framework represents translational opportunities for dual-action therapeutic strategies that simultaneously impair viral condensates and recover host RBP-associated osteogenic signaling. Targeting the virus-host phase interface can introduce a potential approach not only for antiviral therapies but also for inhibiting post-viral musculoskeletal complications.},
}

@article {pmid41504868,
year = {2026},
author = {Khan, S and Tang, P and Yang, P and Li, J and Wu, H},
title = {Dual-function cytokines as modulators of autophagy: reprogramming inflammatory resolution in severe COVID-19.},
journal = {Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]},
volume = {75},
number = {1},
pages = {11},
pmid = {41504868},
issn = {1420-908X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Autophagy/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology ; *Cytokines/immunology/physiology ; *Inflammation/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Animals ; Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic immune-mediated damage are two of the severe COVID-19 outcomes that are primarily caused by cytokine storms triggered by dysregulated immune responses. The limited benefits of current immunosuppressive treatments highlight the need for mechanistic understanding to direct focused interventions.

OBJECTIVE: The dual functions of cytokines in controlling autophagy during SARS-CoV-2 infection are examined in this review, along with the potential for autophagy modulation to limit hyperinflammation and restore immune homeostasis.

KEY FINDINGS: Emerging evidence suggests that autophagy critically modulates the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19. Through anti-inflammatory feedback mechanisms, cytokines contribute to resolution while promoting inflammation in the early stages. The IRE1α-XBP1 axis is activated by SARS-CoV-2-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, which increases cytokine production and modifies autophagic flux. Concurrently, extracellular vesicles containing cytokines, damage-associated molecular patterns, and viral components are released as secretory autophagy reroutes cytoplasmic cargo toward multivesicular bodies and amphisomes, increasing paracrine immune activation. Suppressed degradative autophagy and increased secretory autophagy-mediated inflammatory signaling are the hallmarks of this pathological state.

CONCLUSIONS: In severe COVID-19, targeted autophagy restoration is a promising therapeutic approach to restore immune responses, reduce excessive inflammation, and encourage the resolution of cytokine storms. Restoring immune homeostasis through more targeted immunointerventions may be made possible by modifying autophagy pathways.},
}

Humans
*Autophagy/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology
*Cytokines/immunology/physiology
*Inflammation/immunology
SARS-CoV-2
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Animals
Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology

@article {pmid41504442,
year = {2026},
author = {Masters, PS},
title = {Coronavirus genome packaging and nucleocapsid assembly.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0133025},
doi = {10.1128/jvi.01330-25},
pmid = {41504442},
issn = {1098-5514},
abstract = {Coronaviruses are a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that exhibit highly selective packaging of their genomic RNA (gRNA) into assembled virions, despite the presence of a large excess of subgenomic viral RNA species and host RNA in infected cells. While this high selectivity is critical to evading host innate immune responses, surprisingly, it is not essential for virion assembly. This review focuses on four main topics: (i) coronavirus genome packaging signals (PSs)-how they are found and the function they serve; (ii) the viral components that recognize the PS in order to bring about selective gRNA packaging; (iii) coronavirus nucleocapsid structure and assembly; and (iv) the relationship between nucleocapsid protein phosphorylation and nucleocapsid assembly versus RNA synthesis. Current understanding of these areas has benefited immensely from advances made by recent studies, most of which were performed in response to the emergence of the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout this review, emphasis is placed on the counterintuitive distinction between coronavirus selective gRNA packaging and nucleocapsid assembly.},
}