@article {pmid41484272,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, X and Zou, Y and Jin, C and Wang, Y and Zhang, J and Yan, M and Xie, Y and Ding, M and Wang, K and Liu, L and Ding, C and Chen, X},
title = {Viral infections are associated with apical periodontitis: A meta-analysis of prevalence, clinical symptoms, and lesion sizes across 31 clinical studies.},
journal = {Clinical oral investigations},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {37},
pmid = {41484272},
issn = {1436-3771},
support = {HB2023093//Top Talent Support Program for young and middle-aged people of Wuxi Health Committee/ ; A20210056//Health and Science Project of Hangzhou/ ; 2023WJC034//Hangzhou Biological Medicine and Health Industry Development Support Science and Technology Project/ ; 2021WJCY131//Hangzhou Biological Medicine and Health Industry Development Support Science and Technology Project/ ; 2024ZL724//Zhejiang Science and Technology Program of Chinese Medicine/ ; 20211231Y028//Guided Project of Science and Technology of Hangzhou/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Periapical Periodontitis/virology/epidemiology/pathology ; Prevalence ; *Virus Diseases/complications/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Bacteria and viruses are components of the oral microbiome and are linked to various oral diseases. Clinical observations indicate a higher prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) during viral epidemics. However, research on this association is limited. This meta-analysis aimed to explore the relationship between viral infections and AP.

METHODS: This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Relevant studies were identified through systematic database searches, and data were extracted for eligible studies. Three validated quality assessment tools were used to ensure rigor. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to quantify the strength of the association.

RESULTS: Out of 427 screened records, 31 studies comprising 1,341,636 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of AP was 2.78 times higher in patients with viral infections compared to controls (95% CI = 1.88-4.12, p < 0.001). Infected individuals demonstrated more severe clinical symptoms (OR = 3.49, 95% CI = 2.07-5.90, p < 0.001) and significantly larger periapical lesions (OR = 3.84, 95% CI = 1.08-13.67, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The evidence suggests a significant association between viral infections and AP, particularly in cases of viral co-infections.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings suggest that evaluating viral infections, particularly herpesviruses, could inform the clinical management of AP. However, further research is required to establish causality.},
}

Humans
*Periapical Periodontitis/virology/epidemiology/pathology
Prevalence
*Virus Diseases/complications/epidemiology

@article {pmid41482979,
year = {2026},
author = {Hecht, JD and Heitkemper, EM and Danesh, V and Clark, AP and Yoder, LH},
title = {A Concept Analysis of Expertise Associated With Practicing Clinical Nurses in Hospital Settings.},
journal = {Journal of advanced nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jan.70455},
pmid = {41482979},
issn = {1365-2648},
abstract = {AIM: Analyse the concept of expertise among practicing clinical nurses in hospital settings.

BACKGROUND: The generational loss of expert clinical nurses was exacerbated globally by the novel coronavirus. This ongoing loss combined with the increased complexity of hospitalised patients has prompted an urgent need to understand expertise among clinical nurses who practice in hospital settings.

METHODS: Walker and Avant's concept analysis method was used. PubMed, Medline, CINAHL and Access Medicine were searched (1982-2025) for research studies and literature reviews published in English that addressed clinical nursing expertise in hospitals.

RESULTS: Expertise is the knowledge and skills that are enculturated from immersion in a domain. Common attributes include obtaining salient information from different sources, interpreting patient situations rapidly and holistically, and performing actions that are individualised, immediate and appear instinctive. Common antecedents include deliberate accumulation of relevant experience and contextual connections within the hospital. Facilitating improved outcomes and facilitating improved outcomes are common consequences.

CONCLUSION: The attributes, antecedents and consequences of clinical nursing expertise are complementary and cross specialties. Experts' apparently instinctive actions are not intuitive but rather related to relevant past experiences, pattern recognition and skilled know-how. The requirements to develop expertise have evolved with the increased volume of available knowledge.

Expertise requires cultivating relevant experiences through active engagement with patients and creating contextual connections with others regarding hospital systems and processes. Experts should be formally included when developing processes and guidelines. Low-fidelity proxy measures like years of experience should be replaced with psychometrically validated instruments to measure expertise.

IMPACT: This concept analysis addresses the ambiguity of clinical nursing expertise by synthesising over 40 years of literature and provides insights for clinical nurses and researchers regarding the importance of context and the growing complexity of care delivery.

No patient or public involvement.},
}

@article {pmid41482705,
year = {2026},
author = {Sabeena, S and Beynon, C},
title = {The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HPV Vaccination Coverage Among Adolescents From High-Income Countries and Challenges: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {e70102},
doi = {10.1002/rmv.70102},
pmid = {41482705},
issn = {1099-1654},
mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; *Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage ; *Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control/virology/epidemiology ; Female ; *Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data ; Developed Countries ; Vaccination ; Male ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control/virology ; Vaccination Hesitancy ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; },
abstract = {Persistent high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers across all genders. The primary cancer associated with HPV is cervical cancer and the HPV vaccination before sexual exposure is recommended for cervical cancer elimination globally. This scoping review aims to map the preliminary evidence regarding the determinants of adolescent HPV vaccine acceptance and hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic in high income countries. A scoping review was conducted as per the updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. Using the PCC (Population, Concept, and Context) framework, search keywords and search strategies were developed. Electronic databases were searched using specific search terms and the last search date noted as February 8, 2025. A thematic content analysis was carried out to identify the themes and subthemes by a deductive approach. Fourteen studies were included as the potential sources of evidence in this review. The study population included 493,819 adolescents from Australia, Hong Kong, Italy, Poland, Saudi Arabia, and the USA. The themes identified were inequity, attitude and behaviour, knowledge and communication, and engagement and influence. The COVID-19 pandemic generated a negative parental attitude towards HPV vaccines for a brief period. The adolescent HPV vaccine acceptance mainly depended on strong parental support and appropriate access to healthcare professionals and vaccination services. Travel restrictions, lockdowns, school closures, and social distancing contributed to significant HPV vaccine hesitancy in high income countries.},
}

Humans
Adolescent
*COVID-19/epidemiology/virology
*Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage
*Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control/virology/epidemiology
Female
*Vaccination Coverage/statistics & numerical data
Developed Countries
Vaccination
Male
SARS-CoV-2
Patient Acceptance of Health Care
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control/virology
Vaccination Hesitancy
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

@article {pmid41482689,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, YJ and Kim, KH and Park, JH and Ro, YS and Song, KJ and Shin, SD},
title = {Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mortality of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients Transported by Emergency Medical Services.},
journal = {Asia-Pacific journal of public health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {10105395251407042},
doi = {10.1177/10105395251407042},
pmid = {41482689},
issn = {1941-2479},
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mortality of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients transported by emergency medical services (EMS). Adult TBI patients who were assessed and transported by EMS between January 2018 and December 2021 were analyzed. The main exposure was during the COVID-19 pandemic period at the time of the event. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. A total of 18 988 patients were analyzed. The in-hospital mortality in the COVID-19 era group was 1812 (20.9%), and that in the non-COVID-19 era group was 2040 (19.8%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significantly greater probability of in-hospital mortality in the COVID-19-era group; adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] of 1.16 [1.07, 1.25]. Compared with non-COVID-19 era patients, TBI patients who were assessed and transported during the COVID-19 era were more likely to have higher in-hospital mortality.},
}

@article {pmid41482260,
year = {2025},
author = {Ticinesi, A and Zuliani, G and Spaggiari, R and Volpato, S and Maggi, S and Franceschi, C},
title = {The social microbiome of older people.},
journal = {Ageing research reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103008},
doi = {10.1016/j.arr.2025.103008},
pmid = {41482260},
issn = {1872-9649},
abstract = {The human gut microbiome (GM) is increasingly recognized as one of the main systems influencing the aging trajectory. Age-related dysbiosis, with imbalance between symbionts and pathobionts, can in fact fuel chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and promote frailty. In older individuals, GM composition is characterized by marked inter-individual variability and consistently influenced by environmental exposures. Studies conducted in animals and closed human communities suggest that social contacts are associated with horizontal transmission of commensal bacteria, enhancing biodiversity and preventing dysbiosis. Recent studies also suggest transmission of intestinal commensal bacteria from animals to humans sharing the same household. Bacterial populations residing on environmental surfaces may also have an influence on GM composition. In this framework, impoverishment of social relationships in older individuals may not be only associated with cognitive and emotional disengagement, but also with unfavorable changes in GM composition, driven by isolation and top-down neuromodulation of intestinal function. In fact, studies conducted during forced social distancing in the COVID-19 pandemic show GM changes pointing towards dysbiosis. Therefore, the detrimental consequences of social isolation for health outcomes of older individuals, including frailty progression towards disability, could be at least partly mediated by GM dysbiosis. Conversely, interventions aimed at restoring sociality, including animal-assisted activities, could expose older individuals to a range of novel bacterial species helping to counteract GM dysbiosis. This perspective article critically discusses the concept of social microbiome, its possible relevance for maintenance of good health in human beings, and its implications for the care of older patients.},
}

@article {pmid41482169,
year = {2025},
author = {Kwon, CY and Won, J and Lee, B},
title = {The health effects of diaphragmatic breathing: a systematic review.},
journal = {Complementary therapies in medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103317},
doi = {10.1016/j.ctim.2025.103317},
pmid = {41482169},
issn = {1873-6963},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diaphragmatic breathing (DB) is widely used clinically, but a comprehensive synthesis of randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence on its health effects is lacking. This systematic review evaluated the health effects of DB interventions in adults based on RCT evidence.

METHODS: Six electronic databases were searched through January 2025 for RCTs comparing DB to control conditions in adults. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias (Cochrane RoB 2). A narrative synthesis was performed due to substantial heterogeneity across studies.

RESULTS: We included 48 RCTs. DB protocols were highly heterogeneous, with parameters varying widely in breathing frequency (2-10 breaths/min), session duration (3-45min), and total duration (single session to 12 weeks). Methodological quality was a significant concern (only 2.12% of outcomes low risk of bias). Consistent benefits were found for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (including reduced medication use), anxiety, post-COVID-19 syndrome, and gestational diabetes). In healthy adults, DB showed acute cardiovascular benefits. However, evidence was inconsistent for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and DB was less effective than standard care after cardiac surgery. Safety was underreported (18.75% of studies), but no serious adverse events were noted.

CONCLUSIONS: DB is a promising complementary therapy for specific conditions, including GERD, but the evidence base is constrained by methodologically weak and heterogeneous primary studies. Future research requires rigorous, standardized trial designs to establish its clinical value. Despite these limitations, DB is a low-cost, accessible, and apparently safe intervention for select conditions.},
}

@article {pmid41481892,
year = {2025},
author = {Cornejo, M and Tang, R and Han, C and Trinh, NH},
title = {Culturally Responsive Mental Health Care for Asian Americans: A Call to Action.},
journal = {Harvard review of psychiatry},
volume = {33},
number = {6},
pages = {333-340},
doi = {10.1097/HRP.0000000000000441},
pmid = {41481892},
issn = {1465-7309},
mesh = {Humans ; *Asian/psychology ; *COVID-19/psychology/ethnology ; United States ; *Culturally Competent Care ; *Mental Health Services ; *Racism/psychology/ethnology ; *Mental Disorders/therapy/ethnology ; },
abstract = {Though Asian Americans (AAs) are the fastest growing racially minoritized group in the United States, their mental health care needs have not received adequate attention. AAs are less likely to seek mental health care than other minoritized groups. When they do, they often present more acutely, a trend exacerbated by events amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. During the pandemic, AAs experienced increased discrimination and anti-Asian hate crimes that still persist today. One in five AAs who has encountered racism has suffered psychological and emotional effects as a result. Recent studies have shown an increased risk of depression associated with anti-Asian crime rates. Although the psychological toll of COVID-19-related racism has led to increased prevalence of overall mental health symptoms, the likelihood that AAs seek care still remains low. This column highlights the specific challenges faced by AAs and the critical need for culturally responsive mental health initiatives and resources to better serve the unique needs of this community.},
}

Humans
*Asian/psychology
*COVID-19/psychology/ethnology
United States
*Culturally Competent Care
*Mental Health Services
*Racism/psychology/ethnology
*Mental Disorders/therapy/ethnology

@article {pmid41480694,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, YC and Zhang, L and Zhou, PT and Xie, ZH and Zhang, WJ and Fan, M and Han, YX and Liu, YH and Liu, YC},
title = {Environmental exposure to air pollution and climate: Intersecting the impact on ear and nose health and chemosensory function (Review).},
journal = {International journal of molecular medicine},
volume = {57},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3892/ijmm.2025.5726},
pmid = {41480694},
issn = {1791-244X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Air Pollution/adverse effects ; *Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Climate Change ; *Nose Diseases/etiology/epidemiology ; *Climate ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Ear Diseases/etiology/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Air pollution, an emerging global environmental issue, alongside extreme meteorological conditions exacerbated by climate change, threaten the sustainability of modern society and contribute to the onset and progression of various ear and nose diseases. Nonetheless, the impact of these environmental factors on ear and nose diseases and related dysfunctions remain inadequately explored. The present review involved a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase for relevant epidemiological and experimental data. How environmental factors contribute to olfactory and auditory system dysfunctions as well as the potential underlying mechanisms from the perspectives of immunity and inflammation were examined in the present review. It was found that air pollution and meteorological factors significantly influence the prevalence of major ear and nose diseases, including allergic rhinitis, otitis media and sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Of note, the present review also provides an examination of the interaction between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and environmental factors in ear and nose diseases, highlighting how environmental stressors may worsen disease progression. In conclusion, the present review underscores the burden of multimorbidity caused by air pollution and extreme weather and emphasizes the need for more targeted prevention and management strategies for ear and nose diseases.},
}

Humans
*Air Pollution/adverse effects
*Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
Climate Change
*Nose Diseases/etiology/epidemiology
*Climate
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Ear Diseases/etiology/epidemiology

@article {pmid41480490,
year = {2026},
author = {Berhe, TT and Jara, D and Kifle, D},
title = {Health Misinformation in Ethiopia: Myths, Media Dynamics, Public Response, and Policy Implications: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Public health challenges},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {e70181},
pmid = {41480490},
issn = {2769-2450},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health misinformation in Ethiopia undermines public trust and weakens the effectiveness of health interventions. Cultural beliefs, religious influences, and the expansion of digital media contribute to myths that fuel vaccine hesitancy, stigma, and delayed health-seeking behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize evidence on the scope, drivers, and impacts of health misinformation in Ethiopia and to highlight actionable strategies for improving public health communication.

METHODS: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and African Journals Online, supplemented with grey literature from the Ministry of Health, World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and Regional fact checking organizations. Sources published between 2010 and 2025 that addressing misinformation, communication channels, or public responses in Ethiopia were included. Findings were summarized using descriptive narrative synthesis.

RESULT: Misconceptions related to traditional remedies, vaccine safety, COVID-19 cures, and modern contraceptives are widespread. Narratives spread rapidly across social media, particularly Facebook and Telegram, whereas oral traditions reinforce misinformation in rural communities. These Documented impacts include reduced uptake of immunization and maternal services, delayed treatment for diseases such as TB and HIV, and persistent stigma. Interventions involving community health workers, religious leaders, and youth-led campaigns have proven effective in countering misinformation.

CONCLUSION: Health misinformation remains a significant barrier to Ethiopia's health targets. Strengthening media literacy, engaging trusted community actors, and building partnerships between government, civil society, and digital platforms are crucial to mitigate health misinformation and improve public health outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41480483,
year = {2026},
author = {Safeer, F and Murali, TS},
title = {Extracellular vesicles in viral disease management.},
journal = {Current research in microbial sciences},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {100527},
pmid = {41480483},
issn = {2666-5174},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are non-replicating lipid-bilayered bodies that are naturally released by a cell that aid in various biological functions including cell-to-cell communication. They resemble the cells that they originate from, mimicking their composition and contents. The shared Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) mechanism between virions and EVs allows EVs to aid in the dispersion and infection of viruses.

SCOPE/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review is to encapsulate important studies that highlight the potential use of EVs in diagnosis and therapeutics against viral diseases. It also discusses their benefits and limitations compared to currently available anti-virals, for their use in the medical sector.

SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS: Virus-infected host cells release extracellular vesicles that are markedly different from EVs secreted by a healthy host cell. Increase in certain biomarker levels in EVs prove to be highly beneficial in diagnostics. Depending on the cell source, EVs also exhibit the natural ability to defend against viral diseases. This innate ability to defend against viral infections, can thus be exploited to produce potent anti-viral responses in infected hosts.

CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS: By navigating the challenges associated with EVs, they can be utilised to prepare alternatives to anti-viral drugs currently available in the market that show low specificity and high toxicity, thus helping mitigate and manage viral diseases.},
}

@article {pmid40254579,
year = {2025},
author = {Ewing, AG and Joffe, D and Blitshteyn, S and Brooks, AES and Wist, J and Bar-Yam, Y and Bilodeau, S and Curtin, J and Duncan, R and Faghy, M and Galland, L and Pretorius, E and Salamon, S and Buonsenso, D and Hastie, C and Kane, B and Khan, MA and Lal, A and Lau, D and MacIntyre, R and McFarland, S and Munblit, D and Nicholson, J and Ollila, HM and Putrino, D and Rosario, A and Tan, T and , },
title = {Long COVID clinical evaluation, research and impact on society: a global expert consensus.},
journal = {Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
pmid = {40254579},
issn = {1476-0711},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/therapy/complications/epidemiology ; Consensus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Delphi Technique ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Global Health ; Child ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Long COVID is a complex, heterogeneous syndrome affecting over four hundred million people globally. There are few recommendations, and no formal training exists for medical professionals to assist with clinical evaluation and management of patients with Long COVID. More research into the pathology, cellular, and molecular mechanisms of Long COVID, and treatments is needed. The goal of this work is to disseminate essential information about Long COVID and recommendations about definition, diagnosis, treatment, research and social issues to physicians, researchers, and policy makers to address this escalating global health crisis.

METHODS: A 3-round modified Delphi consensus methodology was distributed internationally to 179 healthcare professionals, researchers, and persons with lived experience of Long COVID in 28 countries. Statements were combined into specific areas: definition, diagnosis, treatment, research, and society.

RESULTS: The survey resulted in 187 comprehensive statements reaching consensus with the strongest areas being diagnosis and clinical assessment, and general research. We establish conditions for diagnosis of different subgroups within the Long COVID umbrella. Clear consensus was reached that the impacts of COVID-19 infection on children should be a research priority, and additionally on the need to determine the effects of Long COVID on societies and economies. The consensus on COVID and Long COVID is that it affects the nervous system and other organs and is not likely to be observed with initial symptoms. We note, biomarkers are critically needed to address these issues.

CONCLUSIONS: This work forms initial guidance to address the spectrum of Long COVID as a disease and reinforces the need for translational research and large-scale treatment trials for treatment protocols.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/therapy/complications/epidemiology
Consensus
SARS-CoV-2
Delphi Technique
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Global Health
Child

@article {pmid39740220,
year = {2024},
author = {Denny, A and Ndemera, I and Chirwa, K and Wu, JTS and Chirambo, GB and Yosefe, S and Chilima, B and Kagoli, M and Lee, HY and Yu, KLJ and O'Donoghue, J},
title = {Evaluation of the Development, Implementation, Maintenance, and Impact of 3 Digital Surveillance Tools Deployed in Malawi During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol for a Modified Delphi Expert Consensus Study.},
journal = {JMIR research protocols},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e58389},
pmid = {39740220},
issn = {1929-0748},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control/diagnosis ; Malawi/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Delphi Technique ; *Consensus ; *Pandemics/prevention & control ; Telemedicine/standards ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of strengthening national monitoring systems to safeguard a globally connected society, especially those in low- and middle-income countries. Africa's rapid adoption of digital technological interventions created a new frontier of digital advancement during crises or pandemics. The use of digital tools for disease surveillance can assist with rapid outbreak identification and response, handling duties such as diagnosis, testing, contact tracing, and risk communication. Malawi was one of the first countries in the region to launch a government-led coordinated effort to harmonize and streamline the necessary COVID-19 digital health implementation through an integrated system architecture.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to seek expert consensus using the Delphi methodology to examine Malawi's COVID-19 digital surveillance response strategy and to assess the digital tools using the World Health Organization mHealth (mobile health) Assessment and Planning for Scale (MAPS) toolkit.

METHODS: This protocol follows the Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies. Participants must have first-hand experience on the design, implementation or maintenance with COVID-19 digital surveillance systems. There will be no restrictions on the level of expertise or years of experience. The panel will consist of approximately 40 participants. We will use a modified Delphi process whereby rounds 1 and 2 will be hosted online by Qualtrics and round 3 will encompass a face-to-face workshop held in Malawi. Consensus will be defined as ≥70% of participants strongly disagree, disagree, or somewhat disagree, or strongly agree, agree, or somewhat agree. During round 3, the face-to-face workshop, participants will be asked to complete, the MAPS toolkit assessment on the digital tool on which they are experts. The MAPS toolkit will enable the panel members to assess the digital tools from a sustainable perspective from six distinct, yet complementary axes: (1) groundwork, (2) partnerships, (3) financial health, (4) technology and architecture, (5) operations, and (6) monitoring and evaluation.

RESULTS: The ability of a country to collate, diagnose, monitor, and analyze data forms the cornerstone of an efficient surveillance system, allowing countries to plan and implement appropriate control actions. Malawi was one of the first countries in the African region to launch a government-led coordinated effort to harmonize and streamline the necessary COVID-19 digital health implementation through an integrated system architecture.

CONCLUSIONS: We anticipate findings from this Delphi study will provide insights into how and why Malawi was successful in deploying digital surveillance systems. In addition, findings should produce recommendations and guidance for the rapid development, implementation, maintenance, and impact of digital surveillance tools during a health crisis.

DERR1-10.2196/58389.},
}

*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control/diagnosis
Malawi/epidemiology
Humans
*Delphi Technique
*Consensus
*Pandemics/prevention & control
Telemedicine/standards

@article {pmid39655884,
year = {2025},
author = {Garabedian, C and Sibiude, J and Anselem, O and Attie-Bittach, T and Bertholdt, C and Blanc, J and Dap, M and de Mézerac, I and Fischer, C and Girault, A and Guerby, P and Le Gouez, A and Madar, H and Quibel, T and Tardy, V and Stirnemann, J and Vialard, F and Vivanti, A and Sananès, N and Verspyck, E},
title = {Fetal death: Expert consensus of the French College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.},
journal = {International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics},
volume = {168},
number = {3},
pages = {999-1008},
pmid = {39655884},
issn = {1879-3479},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; *Fetal Death/prevention & control/etiology ; France ; Obstetrics/standards ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Consensus ; Gynecology ; Societies, Medical ; Obstetricians ; Gynecologists ; },
abstract = {Fetal death is defined as the spontaneous cessation of cardiac activity after 14 weeks gestational age (GA). Regarding prevention of fetal death in the general population, it is not recommended to counsel or prescribe rest, aspirin, vitamin A, vitamin D, or micronutrient supplementation; systematically look for nuchal cord during prenatal screening ultrasound; or perform systematic antepartum monitoring by cardiotocography for the sole purpose of reducing the risk of fetal death. It is recommended to offer vaccination against influenza in epidemic periods and against SARS-CoV-2. Regarding evaluation in the event of fetal death, it is recommended that a fetal autopsy and anatomopathologic examination of the placenta be performed; chromosomal analysis be performed by microarray testing, rather than by conventional karyotype (with postnatal sampling of the fetal placental surface preferred for genetic purposes); testing for antiphospholipid antibodies be performed, with systematic Kleihauer-Betke testing and for irregular agglutinins; and summary consultation to discuss these examination results be offered. Regarding announcement and support, it is recommended that fetal death be announced without ambiguity, using simple words adapted to each situation, after which the couple should be supported with empathy across the different stages of their care. Regarding patient management in cases of fetal death, it is recommended that: in the absence of risks for disseminated intravascular coagulation or maternal demise, the patient's wishes regarding the timing between the fetal death diagnosis and labor induction should be considered; return home is possible, according to the patient's wishes; in all situations except maternal life-threatening emergencies, the preferred mode of delivery is vaginal, regardless of previous cesarean section(s); mifepristone 200 mg be prescribed at least 24 h before induction; and perimedullary analgesia be initiated at the start of induction if requested by the patient, regardless of GA. Of note, there is insufficient evidence to recommend either the administration route (i.e., vaginal or oral) of misoprostol or prostaglandin type. Regarding the risk of recurrence after unexplained fetal death: the incidence does not appear to be increased in subsequent pregnancies; in cases with a history of fetal death due to vascular problems, low-dose aspirin is recommended to reduce perinatal morbidity (otherwise, evidence is insufficient to recommend the prescription of aspirin); no optimal delay in initiating another pregnancy should be recommended based solely on a history of fetal death; fetal heart rate monitoring is not indicated based solely on a history of fetal death; although systematic labor induction is not recommended, induction may be considered depending on the context and parental request, and considering fetal age, benefits, and risks, especially before 39 weeks GA. Note that if the cause of fetal death is identified, management should be adjusted on a case-by-case basis. Regarding fetal death in a twin pregnancy, it is recommended that the surviving twin be examined immediately upon fetal death diagnosis; in a dichorionic twin pregnancy, preterm delivery induction is not recommended; in a monochorionic twin pregnancy, the surviving twin should be immediately evaluated for signs of acute fetal anemia, with weekly ultrasound monitoring for the first month, though immediate labor induction is not recommended.},
}

Humans
Female
Pregnancy
*Fetal Death/prevention & control/etiology
France
Obstetrics/standards
COVID-19/prevention & control
Consensus
Gynecology
Societies, Medical
Obstetricians
Gynecologists

@article {pmid39153884,
year = {2024},
author = {Garabedian, C and Sibiude, J and Anselem, O and Attie-Bittach, T and Bertholdt, C and Blanc, J and Dap, M and de Mézerac, I and Fischer, C and Girault, A and Guerby, P and Le Gouez, A and Madar, H and Quibel, T and Tardy, V and Stirnemann, J and Vialard, F and Vivanti, A and Sananès, N and Verspyck, E},
title = {[Fetal death: Expert consensus from the College of French Gynecologists and Obstetricians].},
journal = {Gynecologie, obstetrique, fertilite & senologie},
volume = {52},
number = {10},
pages = {549-611},
doi = {10.1016/j.gofs.2024.07.005},
pmid = {39153884},
issn = {2468-7189},
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Fetal Death/prevention & control ; France ; *Obstetrics/methods ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Gynecology ; Consensus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Societies, Medical ; Prenatal Diagnosis/methods ; Gynecologists ; Obstetricians ; },
abstract = {Fetal death is defined as the spontaneous cessation of cardiac activity after fourteen weeks of amenorrhea. In France, the prevalence of fetal death after 22 weeks is between 3.2 and 4.4/1000 births. Regarding the prevention of fetal death in the general population, it is not recommended to counsel for rest and not to prescribe vitamin A, vitamin D nor micronutrient supplementation for the sole purpose of reducing the risk of fetal death (Weak recommendations; Low quality of evidence). It is not recommended to prescribe aspirin (Weak recommendation; Very low quality of evidence). It is recommended to offer vaccination against influenza in epidemic periods and against SARS-CoV-2 (Strong recommendations; Low quality of evidence). It is not recommended to systematically look for nuchal cord encirclements during prenatal screening ultrasounds (Strong Recommendation; Low Quality of Evidence) and not to perform systematic antepartum monitoring by cardiotocography (Weak Recommendation; Very Low Quality of Evidence). It is not recommended to ask women to perform an active fetal movement count to reduce the risk of fetal death (Strong Recommendation; High Quality of Evidence). Regarding evaluation in the event of fetal death, it is suggested that an external fetal examination be systematically offered (Expert opinion). It is recommended that a fetopathological and anatomopathological examination of the placenta be carried out to participate in cause identification (Strong Recommendation. Moderate quality of evidence). It is recommended that chromosomal analysis by microarray testing be performed rather than conventional karyotype, in order to be able to identify a potentially causal anomaly more frequently (Strong Recommendation, moderate quality of evidence); to this end, it is suggested that postnatal sampling of the placental fetal surface for genetic purposes be preferred (Expert Opinion). It is suggested to test for antiphospholipid antibodies and systematically perform a Kleihauer test and a test for irregular agglutinins (Expert opinion). It is suggested to offer a summary consultation, with the aim of assessing the physical and psychological status of the parents, reporting the results, discussing the cause and providing information on monitoring for a subsequent pregnancy (Expert opinion). Regarding announcement and support, it is suggested to announce fetal death without ambiguity, using simple words and adapting to each situation, and then to support couples with empathy in the various stages of their care (Expert opinion). Regarding management, it is suggested that, in the absence of a situation at risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation or maternal vitality, the patient's wishes should be taken into account when determining the time between the diagnosis of fetal death and induction of birth. Returning home is possible if it's the patient wish (Expert opinion). In all situations excluding maternal life-threatening emergencies, the preferred mode of delivery is vaginal delivery, regardless the history of cesarean section(s) history (Expert opinion). In the event of fetal death, it is recommended that mifepristone 200mg be prescribed at least 24hours before induction, to reduce the delay between induction and delivery (Low recommendation. Low quality of evidence). There are insufficient data in the literature to make a recommendation regarding the route of administration (vaginal or oral) of misoprostol, neither the type of prostaglandin to reduce induction-delivery time or maternal morbidity. It is suggested that perimedullary analgesia be introduced at the start of induction if the patient asks, regardless of gestational age. It is suggested to prescribe cabergoline immediately in the postpartum period in order to avoid lactation, whatever the gestational age, after discussing the side effects of the treatment with the patient (Expert opinion). The risk of recurrence of fetal death after unexplained fetal death does not appear to be increased in subsequent pregnancies, and data from the literature are insufficient to make a recommendation on the prescription of aspirin. In the event of a history of fetal death due to vascular issues, low-dose aspirin is recommended to reduce perinatal morbidity, and should not be combined with heparin therapy (Low recommendation, very low quality of evidence). It is suggested not to recommend an optimal delay before initiating another pregnancy just because of the history of fetal death. It is suggested that the woman and co-parent be informed of the possibility of psychological support. Fetal heart rate monitoring is not indicated solely because of a history of fetal death. It is suggested that delivery not be systematically induced. However, induction can be considered depending on the context and parental request. The gestational age will be discussed, taking into account the benefits and risks, especially before 39 weeks. If a cause of fetal death is identified, management will be adapted on a case-by-case basis (expert opinion). In the event of fetal death occurring in a twin pregnancy, it is suggested that the surviving twin be evaluated as soon as the diagnosis of fetal death is made. In the case of dichorionic pregnancy, it is suggested to offer ultrasound monitoring on a monthly basis. It is suggested not to deliver prematurely following fetal death of a twin. If fetal death occurs in a monochorionic twin pregnancy, it is suggested to contact the referral competence center, in order to urgently look for signs of acute fetal anemia on ultrasound in the surviving twin, and to carry out weekly ultrasound monitoring for the first month. It is suggested not to induce birth immediately.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
Female
*Fetal Death/prevention & control
France
*Obstetrics/methods
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Gynecology
Consensus
SARS-CoV-2
Societies, Medical
Prenatal Diagnosis/methods
Gynecologists
Obstetricians

@article {pmid37226478,
year = {2025},
author = {Bidoli, C and Pegoraro, V and Dal Mas, F and Bagnoli, C and Bert, F and Bonin, M and Butturini, G and Cobianchi, L and Cordiano, C and Minto, G and Pilerci, C and Stocco, P and Zantedeschi, M and Campostrini, S},
title = {Virtual hospitals: The future of the healthcare system? An expert consensus.},
journal = {Journal of telemedicine and telecare},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {121-133},
doi = {10.1177/1357633X231173006},
pmid = {37226478},
issn = {1758-1109},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Telemedicine/organization & administration/standards ; *Consensus ; *Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration/standards ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Italy ; Pandemics ; Hospitals/standards ; },
abstract = {Today, social and healthcare systems at a global level are facing constant challenges dictated by an increasing mismatch between the demand for care services and the supply of human and economic resources. Such a situation has been exacerbated in the past two years by the Covid-19 pandemic. This has led to an increase in the leverage of digitalisation, which has proved to be a crucial tool for the development and application of new organisational models at both hospital and territorial levels, thus addressing the various criticalities already present in the system. In this sense, the Virtual Hospital has emerged as a potential model for increasing effectiveness and efficiency in delivering sociomedical services. Starting from these premises, an EFTE (estimate, feedback, talk, estimate) approach was used to acquire an expert consensus within a multidisciplinary panel of academics and healthcare managers of the Veneto Region in Italy. This article reports the expert opinion on the possible application of the Virtual Hospital model in the national context, starting from the existing international evidence and good practices, highlighting the potential advantages and barriers to its implementation. Furthermore, the article analyses the most relevant areas of investment for the development of intangible assets and the acquisition of tangible assets necessary for its implementation.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Telemedicine/organization & administration/standards
*Consensus
*Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration/standards
*SARS-CoV-2
Italy
Pandemics
Hospitals/standards

@article {pmid36541203,
year = {2023},
author = {Ruberg, FL and Baggish, AL and Hays, AG and Jerosch-Herold, M and Kim, J and Ordovas, KG and Reddy, G and Shenoy, C and Weinsaft, JW and Woodard, PK},
title = {Utilization of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Resumption of Athletic Activities Following COVID-19 Infection: An Expert Consensus Document on Behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Leadership and Endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance.},
journal = {Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e014106},
pmid = {36541203},
issn = {1942-0080},
support = {R01 HL139671/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Consensus ; American Heart Association ; Leadership ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; *Sports ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; *Radiology ; },
abstract = {The global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 is now entering its fourth year with little evidence of abatement. As of December 2022, the World Health Organization Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard reported 643 million cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide and 98 million in the United States alone as the country with the highest number of cases. Although pneumonia with lung injury has been the manifestation of COVID-19 principally responsible for morbidity and mortality, myocardial inflammation and systolic dysfunction though uncommon are well-recognized features that also associate with adverse prognosis. Given the broad swath of the population infected with COVID-19, the large number of affected professional, collegiate, and amateur athletes raises concern regarding the safe resumption of athletic activity (return to play) following resolution of infection. A variety of different testing combinations that leverage ECG, echocardiography, circulating cardiac biomarkers, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging have been proposed and implemented to mitigate risk. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in particular affords high sensitivity for myocarditis but has been employed and interpreted nonuniformly in the context of COVID-19 thereby raising uncertainty as to the generalizability and clinical relevance of findings with respect to return to play. This consensus document synthesizes available evidence to contextualize the appropriate utilization of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the return to play assessment of athletes with prior COVID-19 infection to facilitate informed, evidence-based decisions, while identifying knowledge gaps that merit further investigation.},
}

Humans
United States/epidemiology
*COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Consensus
American Heart Association
Leadership
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
*Sports
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
*Radiology

@article {pmid35926987,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, Y and Li, YX and Zhong, DL and Liu, XB and Zhu, YY and Jin, RJ and Li, J},
title = {Clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus statements on rehabilitation for patients with COVID-19: protocol for a systematic review.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {e060767},
pmid = {35926987},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {*COVID-19/rehabilitation ; China ; Consensus ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pandemics ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Research Design ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is a highly infectious disease, characterised by respiratory, physical and psychological dysfunctions. Rehabilitation could effectively alleviate the symptoms and promote recovery of the physical and mental health of patients with COVID-19. Recently, rehabilitation medical institutions have issued clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and expert consensus statements involving recommendations for rehabilitation assessments and rehabilitation therapies for COVID-19. This systematic review aims to assess the methodological quality and reporting quality of the guidance documents, evaluate the heterogeneity of the recommendations and summarise the recommendations with respect to rehabilitation assessments and rehabilitation therapies for COVID-19 to provide a quick reference for front-line clinicians, therapists and patients as well as reasonable suggestions for future guidelines.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Wanfang Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and websites of governments or organisations (eg, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Guidelines International Network, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network and WHO) will be searched for eligible CPGs and expert consensus statements from inception to August 2022. CPGs and expert consensus statements published in Chinese or English and presenting recommendations for modern functional rehabilitation techniques and/or traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation techniques for COVID-19 will be included. Reviews, interpretations, old versions of CPGs and expert consensus statements and those for the management of other diseases during the pandemic will be excluded. Two reviewers will independently review each article, extract data, appraise the methodological quality following the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II tool and assess the reporting quality with the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare statement. The Measurement Scale of Rate of Agreement will be used to evaluate the heterogeneity of the recommendations in different CPGs and expert consensus statements. Agreement between reviewers will be calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient. We will also summarise the recommendations for rehabilitation in patients with COVID-19. The results will be narratively described and presented as tables or figures.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval is not needed for this systematic review because information from published documents will be used. The findings will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020190761.},
}

*COVID-19/rehabilitation
China
Consensus
Humans
Medicine, Chinese Traditional
Pandemics
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Research Design
Systematic Reviews as Topic

@article {pmid35771014,
year = {2022},
author = {Indolfi, C and Barillà, F and Basso, C and Ciccone, MM and Curcio, A and Gargiulo, P and Nodari, S and Mercuro, G and Mancone, M and Muscoli, S and Pedrinelli, R and Porcari, A and Spaccarotella, C and Romeo, F and Sinagra, G and Filardi, PP},
title = {[Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC) Expert consensus document: Post-acute cardiovascular sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection].},
journal = {Giornale italiano di cardiologia (2006)},
volume = {23},
number = {7},
pages = {491-503},
doi = {10.1714/3831.38166},
pmid = {35771014},
issn = {1972-6481},
mesh = {*COVID-19/complications ; Cardiology ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/virology ; Consensus ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Societies, Medical ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; },
abstract = {Although the clinical course of COVID-19 in its acute phase is now delineated, less known is its late phase characterized by a heterogeneous series of sequelae affecting various organs and systems, including the cardiovascular system, which continue after the acute episode or arise after their resolution. This syndrome, now referred with the new acronym "PASC" (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection) has been formally recognized by various scientific societies and international organizations that have proposed various definitions. The World Health Organization defines PASC, distinguishing it from "ongoing symptomatic COVID-19", as a condition that arises few weeks after infection, persists at least 8 weeks, and cannot be explained by alternative diagnoses.There are multiple mechanisms responsible for PASC: inflammation, immune activation, viral persistence, activation of latent viruses, endothelial dysfunction, impaired response to exercise, and profound cardiac deconditioning following viral infection. The key symptoms of PASC are palpitations, effort dyspnea, chest pain, exercise intolerance, and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.For PASC treatment, it may be useful to take salt and fluid loading, to reduce symptoms such as tachycardia, palpitations, and/or orthostatic hypotension, or in some subjects the use of drugs such as beta-blockers, non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, ivabradine, and fludrocortisone.Finally, in PASC a gradual resumption of physical activity is recommended, starting with recumbent or semi-recumbent exercise, such as cycling, swimming, or rowing, and then moving on to exercise in an upright position such as running when the ability to stand improves without dyspnea appearance. Exercise duration should also be short initially (5 to 10 min per day), with gradual increases as functional capacity improves.},
}

*COVID-19/complications
Cardiology
*Cardiovascular Diseases/virology
Consensus
Humans
SARS-CoV-2
Societies, Medical
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

@article {pmid35680591,
year = {2022},
author = {, and , },
title = {[Experts' consensus on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 vaccination in adult patients with hematological diseases in China (2022)].},
journal = {Zhonghua xue ye xue za zhi = Zhonghua xueyexue zazhi},
volume = {43},
number = {5},
pages = {359-364},
pmid = {35680591},
issn = {0253-2727},
mesh = {Adult ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; China ; Consensus ; *Hematologic Diseases ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; },
}

Adult
*COVID-19/prevention & control
China
Consensus
*Hematologic Diseases
Humans
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination

@article {pmid35307156,
year = {2022},
author = {, and Gluckman, TJ and Bhave, NM and Allen, LA and Chung, EH and Spatz, ES and Ammirati, E and Baggish, AL and Bozkurt, B and Cornwell, WK and Harmon, KG and Kim, JH and Lala, A and Levine, BD and Martinez, MW and Onuma, O and Phelan, D and Puntmann, VO and Rajpal, S and Taub, PR and Verma, AK},
title = {2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Cardiovascular Sequelae of COVID-19 in Adults: Myocarditis and Other Myocardial Involvement, Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, and Return to Play: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
volume = {79},
number = {17},
pages = {1717-1756},
pmid = {35307156},
issn = {1558-3597},
mesh = {*COVID-19/complications ; *Cardiology ; Consensus ; Humans ; *Myocarditis/diagnosis/therapy ; Return to Sport ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States/epidemiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; },
}

*COVID-19/complications
*Cardiology
Consensus
Humans
*Myocarditis/diagnosis/therapy
Return to Sport
SARS-CoV-2
United States/epidemiology
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

@article {pmid35272130,
year = {2022},
author = {Buske, C and Dreyling, M and Alvarez-Larrán, A and Apperley, J and Arcaini, L and Besson, C and Bullinger, L and Corradini, P and Giovanni Della Porta, M and Dimopoulos, M and D'Sa, S and Eich, HT and Foà, R and Ghia, P and da Silva, MG and Gribben, J and Hajek, R and Harrison, C and Heuser, M and Kiesewetter, B and Kiladjian, JJ and Kröger, N and Moreau, P and Passweg, JR and Peyvandi, F and Rea, D and Ribera, JM and Robak, T and San-Miguel, JF and Santini, V and Sanz, G and Sonneveld, P and von Lilienfeld-Toal, M and Wendtner, C and Pentheroudakis, G and Passamonti, F},
title = {Managing hematological cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: an ESMO-EHA Interdisciplinary Expert Consensus.},
journal = {ESMO open},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {100403},
pmid = {35272130},
issn = {2059-7029},
mesh = {Humans ; Consensus ; *COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; *Hematologic Neoplasms/epidemiology/therapy ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous challenges for the clinical management of patients with hematological malignancies (HMs), raising questions about the optimal care of this patient group.

METHODS: This consensus manuscript aims at discussing clinical evidence and providing expert advice on statements related to the management of HMs in the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, an international consortium was established including a steering committee, which prepared six working packages addressing significant clinical questions from the COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment, and mitigation strategies to specific HMs management in the pandemic. During a virtual consensus meeting, including global experts and lead by the European Society for Medical Oncology and the European Hematology Association, statements were discussed and voted upon. When a consensus could not be reached, the panel revised statements to develop consensual clinical guidance.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expert panel agreed on 33 statements, reflecting a consensus, which will guide clinical decision making for patients with hematological neoplasms during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

Humans
Consensus
*COVID-19
COVID-19 Testing
*Hematologic Neoplasms/epidemiology/therapy
Pandemics

@article {pmid35147382,
year = {2022},
author = {Płaczkiewicz-Jankowska, E and Czupryniak, L and Gajos, G and Lewiński, A and Ruchała, M and Stasiak, M and Strojek, K and Szczepanek-Parulska, E and Wyleżoł, M and Ostrowska, L and Jankowski, P},
title = {Management of obesity in the times of climate change and COVID-19: an interdisciplinary expert consensus report.},
journal = {Polish archives of internal medicine},
volume = {132},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.20452/pamw.16216},
pmid = {35147382},
issn = {1897-9483},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Climate Change ; Consensus ; Humans ; Obesity/complications/therapy ; *Quality of Life ; United States ; },
abstract = {Obesity is a chronic disease associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk, excessive morbidity and mortality worldwide. The authors of the present consensus, clinicians representing medical specialties related to the treatment of obesity and its complications, reviewed a number of European and American guidelines, published mostly in 2019-2021, and summarized the principles of obesity management to provide a practical guidance considering the impact that increased adiposity poses to health. From a clinical perspective, the primary goal of obesity treatment is to prevent or slow down the progression of diseases associated with obesity, reduce metabolic and cardiovascular risk, and improve the quality of life by achieving adequate and stable weight reduction. However, obesity should be not only considered a disease requiring treatment in an individual patient, but also a civilization disease requiring preventive measures at the populational level. Despite the evident benefits, obesity management within the health care system-whether through pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery-is only a symptomatic treatment, with all its limitations, and will not ultimately solve the problem of obesity. The important message is that available treatment options fail to correct the true drivers of the obesity pandemic. To this end, new solutions and efforts to prevent obesity in the populations are needed.},
}

*COVID-19
Climate Change
Consensus
Humans
Obesity/complications/therapy
*Quality of Life
United States

@article {pmid34668835,
year = {2022},
author = {Piñana, JL and Vázquez, L and Martino, R and de la Cámara, R and Sureda, A and Rodríguez-Veiga, R and Garrido, A and Sierra, J and Ribera, JM and Torrent, A and Mateos, MV and de la Rubia, J and Tormo, M and Díez-Campelo, M and García-Gutiérrez, V and Álvarez-Larrán, A and Sancho, JM and MartínGarcía-Sancho, A and Yañez, L and Pérez Simón, JA and Barba, P and Abrisqueta, P and Álvarez-Twose, I and Bonanad, S and Lecumberri, R and Ruiz-Camps, I and Navarro, D and Hernández-Rivas, JÁ and Cedillo, Á and García-Sanz, R and Bosch, F},
title = {Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy expert consensus opinion for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in onco-hematological patients.},
journal = {Leukemia & lymphoma},
volume = {63},
number = {3},
pages = {538-550},
pmid = {34668835},
issn = {1029-2403},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Consensus ; *Hematology ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; },
abstract = {In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, different vaccines in front of SARS-CoV-2 have been approved and administered in different vulnerable populations. As patients with cancer were excluded from pivotal trials of vaccination, little is known on their immunogenic response to these vaccines, particularly in patients with severely impaired immune system. In response to that uncertainty, the Spanish Society of Hematology and Hemotherapy launched an initiative aimed to provide recommendations for vaccination of the main hematological conditions. This document is based on the available information on COVID-19 outcomes, prior knowledge on vaccination in hematological patients, recent published data on serological response in oncohematological patients and expert opinions. New information about SARS-CoV-2 vaccination will be gathered in the near future, providing new scientific grounds to delineate the most adequate management of vaccination in patients with hematological diseases. The current limited data on SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in hematological patients represents a major limitation of this expert consensus opinion. In fact, the speed in which this field evolves may reduce their validity in the near future.},
}

*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use
Consensus
*Hematology
Humans
Pandemics/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination

@article {pmid34187457,
year = {2021},
author = {Corby, S and Whittaker, K and Ash, JS and Mohan, V and Becton, J and Solberg, N and Bergstrom, R and Orwoll, B and Hoekstra, C and Gold, JA},
title = {The future of medical scribes documenting in the electronic health record: results of an expert consensus conference.},
journal = {BMC medical informatics and decision making},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {204},
pmid = {34187457},
issn = {1472-6947},
support = {R01 HS025141/HS/AHRQ HHS/United States ; T15 LM007088/LM/NLM NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Documentation ; *Electronic Health Records ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Workflow ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: With the use of electronic health records (EHRs) increasing and causing unintended negative consequences, the medical scribe profession has burgeoned, but it has yet to be regulated. The purpose of this study was to describe scribe workflow as well as identify the threats and opportunities for the future of the scribe industry.

METHODS: The first phase of the study used ethnographic methods consisting of interviews and observations by a multi-disciplinary team of researchers at five United States sites. In April 2019, a two-day conference of experts representing different stakeholder perspectives was held to discuss the results from site visits and to predict the future of medical scribing. An interpretive content analysis approach was used to discover threats and opportunities for the future of medical scribes.

RESULTS: Threats facing the medical scribe industry were related to changes in the documentation model, EHR usability, different payment structures, the need to acquire disparate data during clinical encounters, and workforce-related changes relevant to the scribing model. Simultaneously, opportunities for medical scribing in the future included extension of their role to include workflow analysis, acting as EHR-related subject-matter-experts, and becoming integrated more effectively into the clinical care delivery team. Experts thought that if EHR usability increases, the need for medical scribes might decrease. Additionally, the scribe role could be expanded to allow scribes to document more or take on more informatics-related tasks. The experts also anticipated an increased use of alternative models of scribing, like tele-scribing.

CONCLUSION: Threats and opportunities for medical scribing were identified. Many experts thought that if the scribe role could be expanded to allow scribes to document more or take on more informatics activities, it would be beneficial. With COVID-19 continuing to change workflows, it is critical that medical scribes receive standardized training as tele-scribing continues to grow in popularity and new roles for scribes as medical team members are identified.},
}

*COVID-19
Documentation
*Electronic Health Records
Humans
SARS-CoV-2
Workflow

@article {pmid34169495,
year = {2021},
author = {Gerotziafas, GT and Catalano, M and Theodorou, Y and Dreden, PV and Marechal, V and Spyropoulos, AC and Carter, C and Jabeen, N and Harenberg, J and Elalamy, I and Falanga, A and Fareed, J and Agathaggelou, P and Antic, D and Antignani, PL and Bosch, MM and Brenner, B and Chekhonin, V and Colgan, MP and Dimopoulos, MA and Douketis, J and Elnazar, EA and Farkas, K and Fazeli, B and Fowkes, G and Gu, Y and Gligorov, J and Ligocki, MA and Indran, T and Kannan, M and Kantarcioglu, B and Kasse, AA and Konstantinidis, K and Leivano, F and Lewis, J and Makatsariya, A and Mbaye, PM and Mahé, I and Panovska-Stavridis, I and Olinic, DM and Papageorgiou, C and Pecsvarady, Z and Pillon, S and Ramacciotti, E and Abdel-Razeq, H and Sabbah, M and Sassi, M and Schernthaner, G and Siddiqui, F and Shiomura, J and Slama-Schwok, A and Wautrecht, JC and Tafur, A and Taher, A and Klein-Wegel, P and Zhai, Z and Zoubida, TM and , },
title = {The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for an Integrated and Equitable Approach: An International Expert Consensus Paper.},
journal = {Thrombosis and haemostasis},
volume = {121},
number = {8},
pages = {992-1007},
pmid = {34169495},
issn = {2567-689X},
mesh = {COVID-19/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*prevention & control ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Disease Management ; Humans ; Immunization Programs/methods ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Public Health/methods ; Risk Assessment ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: One year after the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and despite the implementation of mandatory physical barriers and social distancing, humanity remains challenged by a long-lasting and devastating public health crisis.

MANAGEMENT: Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) are efficient mitigation strategies. The success of these NPIs is dependent on the approval and commitment of the population. The launch of a mass vaccination program in many countries in late December 2020 with mRNA vaccines, adenovirus-based vaccines, and inactivated virus vaccines has generated hope for the end of the pandemic.

CURRENT ISSUES: The continuous appearance of new pathogenic viral strains and the ability of vaccines to prevent infection and transmission raise important concerns as we try to achieve community immunity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants. The need of a second and even third generation of vaccines has already been acknowledged by the WHO and governments.

PERSPECTIVES: There is a critical and urgent need for a balanced and integrated strategy for the management of the COVID-19 outbreaks organized on three axes: (1) Prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, (2) Detection and early diagnosis of patients at risk of disease worsening, and (3) Anticipation of medical care (PDA).

CONCLUSION: The "PDA strategy" integrated into state policy for the support and expansion of health systems and introduction of digital organizations (i.e., telemedicine, e-Health, artificial intelligence, and machine-learning technology) is of major importance for the preservation of citizens' health and life world-wide.},
}

COVID-19/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*prevention & control
COVID-19 Testing/methods
COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use
Disease Management
Humans
Immunization Programs/methods
Pandemics/prevention & control
*Public Health/methods
Risk Assessment
SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification

@article {pmid33844056,
year = {2021},
author = {Centonze, D and Rocca, MA and Gasperini, C and Kappos, L and Hartung, HP and Magyari, M and Oreja-Guevara, C and Trojano, M and Wiendl, H and Filippi, M},
title = {Disease-modifying therapies and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in multiple sclerosis: an expert consensus.},
journal = {Journal of neurology},
volume = {268},
number = {11},
pages = {3961-3968},
pmid = {33844056},
issn = {1432-1459},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Consensus ; Humans ; *Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) appeared in December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan and has quickly become a global pandemic. The disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type-2 (SARS-CoV-2), an RNA beta coronavirus phylogenetically similar to SARS coronavirus. To date, more than 132 million cases of COVID19 have been recorded in the world, of which over 2.8 million were fatal (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). A huge vaccination campaign has started around the world since the end of 2020. The availability of vaccines has raised some concerns among neurologists regarding the safety and efficacy of vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) taking immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapies.},
}

*COVID-19
COVID-19 Vaccines
Consensus
Humans
*Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination

@article {pmid33766471,
year = {2021},
author = {Guarracino, F and Shernan, SK and Tahan, ME and Bertini, P and Stone, ME and Kachulis, B and Paternoster, G and Mukherjee, C and Wouters, P and Rex, S},
title = {EACTA/SCA Recommendations for the Cardiac Anesthesia Management of Patients With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Infection: An Expert Consensus From the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology and Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists With Endorsement From the Chinese Society of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesiology.},
journal = {Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia},
volume = {35},
number = {7},
pages = {1953-1963},
pmid = {33766471},
issn = {1532-8422},
mesh = {*Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures ; Anesthesiologists ; *Anesthesiology ; *COVID-19 ; China ; Consensus ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology (EACTA) and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA) aimed to create joint recommendations for the perioperative management of patients with suspected or proven severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection undergoing cardiac surgery or invasive cardiac procedures. To produce appropriate recommendations, the authors combined the evidence from the literature review, reevaluating the clinical experience of routine cardiac surgery in similar cases during the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) outbreak and the current pandemic with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, and the expert opinions through broad discussions within the EACTA and SCA. The authors took into consideration the balance between established procedures and the feasibility during the present outbreak. The authors present an agreement between the European and US practices in managing patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The recommendations take into consideration a broad spectrum of issues, with a focus on preoperative testing, safety concerns, overall approaches to general and specific aspects of preparation for anesthesia, airway management, transesophageal echocardiography, perioperative ventilation, coagulation, hemodynamic control, and postoperative care. As the COVID-19 pandemic is spreading, it will continue to present a challenge for the worldwide anesthesiology community. To allow these recommendations to be updated as long as possible, the authors provided weblinks to international public and academic sources providing timely updated data. This document should be the basis of future task forces to develop a more comprehensive consensus considering new evidence uncovered during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

*Anesthesia, Cardiac Procedures
Anesthesiologists
*Anesthesiology
*COVID-19
China
Consensus
Humans
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid33726819,
year = {2021},
author = {Nasa, P and Azoulay, E and Khanna, AK and Jain, R and Gupta, S and Javeri, Y and Juneja, D and Rangappa, P and Sundararajan, K and Alhazzani, W and Antonelli, M and Arabi, YM and Bakker, J and Brochard, LJ and Deane, AM and Du, B and Einav, S and Esteban, A and Gajic, O and Galvagno, SM and Guérin, C and Jaber, S and Khilnani, GC and Koh, Y and Lascarrou, JB and Machado, FR and Malbrain, MLNG and Mancebo, J and McCurdy, MT and McGrath, BA and Mehta, S and Mekontso-Dessap, A and Mer, M and Nurok, M and Park, PK and Pelosi, P and Peter, JV and Phua, J and Pilcher, DV and Piquilloud, L and Schellongowski, P and Schultz, MJ and Shankar-Hari, M and Singh, S and Sorbello, M and Tiruvoipati, R and Udy, AA and Welte, T and Myatra, SN},
title = {Expert consensus statements for the management of COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure using a Delphi method.},
journal = {Critical care (London, England)},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {106},
pmid = {33726819},
issn = {1466-609X},
mesh = {COVID-19/*complications ; *Consensus ; *Delphi Technique ; Humans ; Respiratory Insufficiency/*therapy/*virology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused unprecedented pressure on healthcare system globally. Lack of high-quality evidence on the respiratory management of COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure (C-ARF) has resulted in wide variation in clinical practice.

METHODS: Using a Delphi process, an international panel of 39 experts developed clinical practice statements on the respiratory management of C-ARF in areas where evidence is absent or limited. Agreement was defined as achieved when > 70% experts voted for a given option on the Likert scale statement or > 80% voted for a particular option in multiple-choice questions. Stability was assessed between the two concluding rounds for each statement, using the non-parametric Chi-square (χ[2]) test (p < 0·05 was considered as unstable).

RESULTS: Agreement was achieved for 27 (73%) management strategies which were then used to develop expert clinical practice statements. Experts agreed that COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is clinically similar to other forms of ARDS. The Delphi process yielded strong suggestions for use of systemic corticosteroids for critical COVID-19; awake self-proning to improve oxygenation and high flow nasal oxygen to potentially reduce tracheal intubation; non-invasive ventilation for patients with mixed hypoxemic-hypercapnic respiratory failure; tracheal intubation for poor mentation, hemodynamic instability or severe hypoxemia; closed suction systems; lung protective ventilation; prone ventilation (for 16-24 h per day) to improve oxygenation; neuromuscular blocking agents for patient-ventilator dyssynchrony; avoiding delay in extubation for the risk of reintubation; and similar timing of tracheostomy as in non-COVID-19 patients. There was no agreement on positive end expiratory pressure titration or the choice of personal protective equipment.

CONCLUSION: Using a Delphi method, an agreement among experts was reached for 27 statements from which 20 expert clinical practice statements were derived on the respiratory management of C-ARF, addressing important decisions for patient management in areas where evidence is either absent or limited.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered with Clinical trials.gov Identifier: NCT04534569.},
}

COVID-19/*complications
*Consensus
*Delphi Technique
Humans
Respiratory Insufficiency/*therapy/*virology

@article {pmid33349726,
year = {2020},
author = {Palagini, L and Manni, R and Aguglia, E and Amore, M and Brugnoli, R and Girardi, P and Grassi, L and Mencacci, C and Plazzi, G and Minervino, A and Nobili, L and Biggio, G},
title = {[Evaluation and management of insomnia in clinical practice and in the time of CoViD-19 in Italy: expert consensus and task-force recommendations from five scientific societies].},
journal = {Rivista di psichiatria},
volume = {55},
number = {6},
pages = {337-341},
doi = {10.1708/3503.34891},
pmid = {33349726},
issn = {2038-2502},
mesh = {Aged ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/complications/*epidemiology ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ; *Consensus ; *Epidemics ; GABA Agonists/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use ; Italy/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Melatonin/agonists ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Sleep Aids, Pharmaceutical/*therapeutic use ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/*drug therapy/etiology/therapy ; Societies, Scientific ; },
abstract = {Insomnia symptoms might affect about 60% of the Italian population. Insomnia is a "24 hours syndrome" and a risk factor for medical and mental disorders. It should always be assessed and treated in the clinical practice. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia is the first line treatment but its availability in Italy is scarce. Pharmacological options in Italy are: melatonin 2 mg prolonged release that should be the first choice in subjects ≥55 years old and used until 13 weeks; and for a short term use (≤4 weeks) Z-drugs or short-acting benzodiazepines (in subjects <65 years old) or a sedating antidepressant.},
}

Aged
Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
COVID-19/complications/*epidemiology
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
*Consensus
*Epidemics
GABA Agonists/therapeutic use
Humans
Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use
Italy/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Receptors, Melatonin/agonists
*SARS-CoV-2
Sleep Aids, Pharmaceutical/*therapeutic use
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/*drug therapy/etiology/therapy
Societies, Scientific

@article {pmid33256990,
year = {2021},
author = {Wei, H and Jiang, B and Behringer, EC and Hofmeyr, R and Myatra, SN and Wong, DT and Sullivan, EPO and Hagberg, CA and McGuire, B and Baker, PA and Li, J and Pylypenko, M and Ma, W and Zuo, M and Senturk, NM and Klein, U},
title = {Controversies in airway management of COVID-19 patients: updated information and international expert consensus recommendations.},
journal = {British journal of anaesthesia},
volume = {126},
number = {2},
pages = {361-366},
pmid = {33256990},
issn = {1471-6771},
support = {R01 AG061447/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {COVID-19/*transmission ; Consensus ; *Exhalation ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/*prevention & control ; International Cooperation ; *Personal Protective Equipment ; Practice Guidelines as Topic/*standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
}

COVID-19/*transmission
Consensus
*Exhalation
Humans
Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/*prevention & control
International Cooperation
*Personal Protective Equipment
Practice Guidelines as Topic/*standards
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid33236964,
year = {2021},
author = {Galpin, K and Sikka, N and King, SL and Horvath, KA and Shipman, SA and , },
title = {Expert Consensus: Telehealth Skills for Health Care Professionals.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {820-824},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2020.0420},
pmid = {33236964},
issn = {1556-3669},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Telemedicine ; },
abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has driven most clinicians, from those practicing in small independent practices to those in large system, to adopt virtual care. However, individuals and organizations may lack the experience and skills that would be considered fundamental prerequisites to adopting telehealth in less urgent times. What are those skills? Before the pandemic, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) convened national experts to identify and articulate a consensus set of critical telehealth skills for clinicians. Methods: Through a structured review of the literature, followed by several rounds of review and refinement by committee and community members via a modified Delphi process, the committee came to consensus on a set of skills required by clinicians to provide quality care via telehealth. Conclusion: The consensus set of telehealth skills presented in this paper, developed by the AAMC and national experts, can serve providers and health systems seeking to ensure that clinicians are prepared to meet the demand for care delivered via telehealth now and in the future.},
}

*COVID-19
Health Personnel
Humans
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
*Telemedicine

@article {pmid33138634,
year = {2021},
author = {O' Neill, SB and Byrne, D and Müller, NL and Jalal, S and Parker, W and Nicolaou, S and Bilawich, AM},
title = {Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Expert Consensus Statement Related to Chest CT Findings in COVID-19 Versus CO-RADS: Comparison of Reporting System Performance Among Chest Radiologists and End-User Preference.},
journal = {Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes},
volume = {72},
number = {4},
pages = {806-813},
doi = {10.1177/0846537120968919},
pmid = {33138634},
issn = {1488-2361},
mesh = {COVID-19/*diagnostic imaging ; Consensus ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; North America ; Observer Variation ; *Radiologists ; Radiology ; Radiology Information Systems/*statistics & numerical data ; Reproducibility of Results ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Societies, Medical ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: The RSNA expert consensus statement and CO-RADS reporting system assist radiologists in describing lung imaging findings in a standardized manner in patients under investigation for COVID-19 pneumonia and provide clarity in communication with other healthcare providers. We aim to compare diagnostic performance and inter-/intra-observer among chest radiologists in the interpretation of RSNA and CO-RADS reporting systems and assess clinician preference.

METHODS: Chest CT scans of 279 patients with suspected COVID-19 who underwent RT-PCR testing were retrospectively and independently examined by 3 chest radiologists who assigned interpretation according to the RSNA and CO-RADS reporting systems. Inter-/intra-observer analysis was performed. Diagnostic accuracy of both reporting systems was calculated. 60 clinicians participated in a survey to assess end-user preference of the reporting systems.

RESULTS: Both systems demonstrated almost perfect inter-observer agreement (Fleiss kappa 0.871, P < 0.0001 for RSNA; 0.876, P < 0.0001 for CO-RADS impressions). Intra-observer agreement between the 2 scoring systems using the equivalent categories was almost perfect (Fleiss kappa 0.90-0.92, P < 0.001). Positive predictive values were high, 0.798-0.818 for RSNA and 0.891-0.903 CO-RADS. Negative predictive value were similar, 0.573-0.585 for RSNA and 0.573-0.58 for CO-RADS. Specificity differed between the 2 systems, 68-73% for CO-RADS and 52-58% for RSNA with superior specificity of CO-RADS. Of 60 survey participants, the majority preferred the RSNA reporting system rather than CO-RADS for all options provided (66.7-76.7%; P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: RSNA and CO-RADS reporting systems are consistent and reproducible with near perfect inter-/intra-observer agreement and excellent positive predictive value. End-users preferred the reporting language in the RSNA system.},
}

COVID-19/*diagnostic imaging
Consensus
Humans
Lung/diagnostic imaging
North America
Observer Variation
*Radiologists
Radiology
Radiology Information Systems/*statistics & numerical data
Reproducibility of Results
Retrospective Studies
SARS-CoV-2
Sensitivity and Specificity
Societies, Medical
Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods

@article {pmid32745693,
year = {2020},
author = {Curigliano, G and Banerjee, S and Cervantes, A and Garassino, MC and Garrido, P and Girard, N and Haanen, J and Jordan, K and Lordick, F and Machiels, JP and Michielin, O and Peters, S and Tabernero, J and Douillard, JY and Pentheroudakis, G and , },
title = {Managing cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: an ESMO multidisciplinary expert consensus.},
journal = {Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology},
volume = {31},
number = {10},
pages = {1320-1335},
pmid = {32745693},
issn = {1569-8041},
mesh = {Humans ; *Betacoronavirus ; *Consensus ; *Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/immunology/therapy ; COVID-19 ; Disease Management ; Europe/epidemiology ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Medical Oncology/methods/standards ; *Neoplasms/epidemiology/immunology/therapy ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology/immunology/therapy ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods/standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Societies, Medical/standards ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects/immunology ; Telemedicine/methods/standards ; },
abstract = {We established an international consortium to review and discuss relevant clinical evidence in order to develop expert consensus statements related to cancer management during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-related disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The steering committee prepared 10 working packages addressing significant clinical questions from diagnosis to surgery. During a virtual consensus meeting of 62 global experts and one patient advocate, led by the European Society for Medical Oncology, statements were discussed, amended and voted upon. When consensus could not be reached, the panel revised statements until a consensus was reached. Overall, the expert panel agreed on 28 consensus statements that can be used to overcome many of the clinical and technical areas of uncertainty ranging from diagnosis to therapeutic planning and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

Humans
*Betacoronavirus
*Consensus
*Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/immunology/therapy
COVID-19
Disease Management
Europe/epidemiology
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Medical Oncology/methods/standards
*Neoplasms/epidemiology/immunology/therapy
Pandemics/prevention & control
*Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology/immunology/therapy
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods/standards
SARS-CoV-2
*Societies, Medical/standards
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects/immunology
Telemedicine/methods/standards

@article {pmid32599018,
year = {2020},
author = {Singh, G and Nahirniak, S and Arora, R and Légaré, JF and Kanji, HD and Nagpal, D and Lamarche, Y and Fan, E and Singh Parhar, KK},
title = {Transfusion Thresholds for Adult Respiratory Extracorporeal Life Support: An Expert Consensus Document.},
journal = {The Canadian journal of cardiology},
volume = {36},
number = {9},
pages = {1550-1553},
pmid = {32599018},
issn = {1916-7075},
mesh = {Adult ; Anemia/blood/etiology/therapy ; *Anticoagulants/classification/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; Blood Coagulation Tests/methods ; Blood Component Transfusion/*methods ; COVID-19 ; Canada ; Consensus ; Coronavirus Infections/*complications ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/adverse effects/methods ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/*complications ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/blood/etiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Thrombosis/blood/etiology/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can complicate novel pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) represents the final possible rescue strategy. Variations in practice, combined with a paucity of rigourous guidelines, may complicate blood-product resource availability and allocation during a pandemic. We conducted a literature review around venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) transfusion practices for platelets, packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, prothrombin complex concentrate, and antithrombin. Pertinent society guidelines were examined, and the practice of Canadian ECLS experts was sampled through an environmental scan. This paper represents a synthesis of these explorations, combined with input from the Canadian Cardiovascular Critical Care (CANCARE) Society, Canadian Society of Cardiac Surgeons, and the Canadian Critical Care Society. We offer a pragmatic guidance document for restrictive transfusion thresholds in nonbleeding patients on VV-ECMO, which may attenuate transfusion-related complications and simultaneously shield national blood product inventory from strain during pandemic-induced activation of the National Plan for the Management of Shortages of Labile Blood Components.},
}

Adult
Anemia/blood/etiology/therapy
*Anticoagulants/classification/therapeutic use
Betacoronavirus
Blood Coagulation Tests/methods
Blood Component Transfusion/*methods
COVID-19
Canada
Consensus
Coronavirus Infections/*complications
*Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/adverse effects/methods
Humans
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral/*complications
*Respiratory Distress Syndrome/blood/etiology/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Thrombosis/blood/etiology/prevention & control

@article {pmid32587152,
year = {2020},
author = {Manjandavida, FP and Honavar, SG and Kim, U and Singh, U and Menon, V and Das, S and Kaliki, S and Palanivelu, MS and Khetan, V and Shah, PK and Rishi, P and Mulay, K and Gandhi, A and Vadhiraja, BM and Reddy, VA and Bhat, S and Rao, V},
title = {Ocular oncology practice guidelines during COVID-19 pandemic-An expert consensus.},
journal = {Indian journal of ophthalmology},
volume = {68},
number = {7},
pages = {1281-1291},
pmid = {32587152},
issn = {1998-3689},
mesh = {*Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Consensus ; Coronavirus Infections/*epidemiology/transmission ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/*prevention & control ; Eye Neoplasms/*therapy ; Humans ; Medical Oncology/*standards ; Ophthalmology/*standards ; *Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/*epidemiology/transmission ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The outbreak of rapidly spreading COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019 has witnessed a major transformation in the health care system worldwide. This has led to the re-organization of the specialty services for the effective utilization of available resources and ensuring the safety of patients and healthcare workers. Suspension of oncology services will have major implications on cancer care due to delayed diagnosis and treatment leading to irreversible adverse consequences. Therefore various oncology organizations have called for a continuation of cancer care during this crisis with diligence. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the clinicians to transform the components of care from screening to outpatient care and primary management. The purpose of this article is to establish guidelines and recommendations for ocular oncology in the management of ocular tumors set by a multidisciplinary team of experts including ocular, medical and radiation oncologists, and pathologists. As the pandemic is evolving fast, it will require constant updates and reformation of health strategies and guidelines for safe and quality health care.},
}

*Betacoronavirus
COVID-19
Consensus
Coronavirus Infections/*epidemiology/transmission
Disease Transmission, Infectious/*prevention & control
Eye Neoplasms/*therapy
Humans
Medical Oncology/*standards
Ophthalmology/*standards
*Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral/*epidemiology/transmission
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid32563593,
year = {2020},
author = {Elledge, CR and Beriwal, S and Chargari, C and Chopra, S and Erickson, BA and Gaffney, DK and Jhingran, A and Klopp, AH and Small, W and Yashar, CM and Viswanathan, AN},
title = {Radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic: International expert consensus recommendations.},
journal = {Gynecologic oncology},
volume = {158},
number = {2},
pages = {244-253},
pmid = {32563593},
issn = {1095-6859},
mesh = {Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/*radiotherapy/*virology ; Humans ; Infection Control/methods/standards ; Pandemics/*prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Radiation Oncology/*methods/*standards ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To develop expert consensus recommendations regarding radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: An international committee of ten experts in gynecologic radiation oncology convened to provide consensus recommendations for patients with gynecologic malignancies referred for radiation therapy. Treatment priority groups were established. A review of the relevant literature was performed and different clinical scenarios were categorized into three priority groups. For each stage and clinical scenario in cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal and ovarian cancer, specific recommendations regarding dose, technique, and timing were provided by the panel.

RESULTS: Expert review and discussion generated consensus recommendations to guide radiation oncologists treating gynecologic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Priority scales for cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal, and ovarian cancers are presented. Both radical and palliative treatments are discussed. Management of COVID-19 positive patients is considered. Hypofractionated radiation therapy should be used when feasible and recommendations regarding radiation dose, timing, and technique have been provided for external beam and brachytherapy treatments. Concurrent chemotherapy may be limited in some countries, and consideration of radiation alone is recommended.

CONCLUSIONS: The expert consensus recommendations provide guidance for delivering radiation therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific recommendations have been provided for common clinical scenarios encountered in gynecologic radiation oncology with a focus on strategies to reduce patient and staff exposure to COVID-19.},
}

Betacoronavirus/isolation & purification
COVID-19
Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission
Female
Genital Neoplasms, Female/*radiotherapy/*virology
Humans
Infection Control/methods/standards
Pandemics/*prevention & control
Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission
Radiation Oncology/*methods/*standards
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid32521953,
year = {2020},
author = {Lin, LJ and Zhu, L and Shi, GC and Wu, JQ and Li, HX and Sun, BJ and Lin, JT and Xu, ZJ and Sun, TY and Li, J and Yu, SY and Liu, XM and , },
title = {[Experts consensus for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 in the elderly].},
journal = {Zhonghua nei ke za zhi},
volume = {59},
number = {8},
pages = {588-597},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20200228-00151},
pmid = {32521953},
issn = {0578-1426},
support = {2020YFC2005400, 2020YFC2005401//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Aged ; *COVID-19 ; China ; Consensus ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can cause great damage to the elderly patients and lead to high mortality. The clinical presentations and auxiliary examinations of the elderly patients with COVID-19 are atypical, due to the physiological ageing deterioration and basal pathological state. The treatment strategy for the elderly patients has its own characteristics and treatment protocol should be considered accordingly. To improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of COVID-19 in the elderly, the Expert Committee of Geriatric Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China Society of Geriatrics established the "Expert consensus for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 in the elderly" . We focused on the clinical characteristics and key points for better treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in the elderly. (1) For diagnosis, atypical clinical presentation of COVID-19 in the elderly should be emphasized, which may be complicated by underlying disease. (2) For treatment, strategy of multiple disciplinary team (mainly the respiratory and critical care medicine) should be adopted and multiple systemic functions should be considered. (3) For prevention, health care model about integrated management of acute and chronic diseases, in and out of hospital should be applied.},
}

Aged
*COVID-19
China
Consensus
Humans
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid32426890,
year = {2020},
author = {Baracchini, C and Pieroni, A and Kneihsl, M and Azevedo, E and Diomedi, M and Pascazio, L and Wojczal, J and Lucas, C and Bartels, E and Bornstein, NM and Csiba, L and Valdueza, J and Tsivgoulis, G and Malojcic, B},
title = {Practice recommendations for neurovascular ultrasound investigations of acute stroke patients in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic: an expert consensus from the European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamics.},
journal = {European journal of neurology},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {1776-1780},
pmid = {32426890},
issn = {1468-1331},
mesh = {Brain/*diagnostic imaging ; *COVID-19 ; Consensus ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Ischemic Stroke/*diagnostic imaging ; Pandemics ; *Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with acute ischemic stroke are at high-risk for contracting COVID-19 infection. Additionally, healthcare professionals including neurovascular ultrasound providers are also at risk of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 virus. Yet, preparedness to continue to guarantee hyperacute treatment is vital for patients outcome. In light of this situation, the European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamic (ESNCH) appointed a task force to provide consensus recommendations for the performance of neurovascular ultrasound investigations in acute ischemic stroke during the COVID-19 pandemic with the aim of protecting both patients and ultrasound providers.

METHODS: The "ultrasound in acute stroke working group" of the ESNCH examined literature articles and reviews using the following key words: "corona virus" or "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2 virus", and "acute stroke" or "cerebrovascular disease", and "ultrasound". Thereafter, a thorough discussion was conducted with the "education and guidelines working group" of the ESNCH.

RESULTS: We propose rapid up-to-date recommendations for healthcare personnel involved in the pre-hospital and intra-hospital assessment of stroke patients, with a particular attention to neurovascular ultrasound performance.

CONCLUSION: The ESNCH provides a guidance summary for the performance of neurovascular ultrasound investigations in acute ischemic stroke in the time of COVID-19.},
}

Brain/*diagnostic imaging
*COVID-19
Consensus
Hemodynamics
Humans
Ischemic Stroke/*diagnostic imaging
Pandemics
*Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial

@article {pmid32416154,
year = {2020},
author = {Qiu, L and Morse, A and Di, W and Song, L and Kong, B and Wang, Z and Lang, J and Chai, W and Zhu, L and , },
title = {Management of gynecology patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Chinese expert consensus.},
journal = {American journal of obstetrics and gynecology},
volume = {223},
number = {1},
pages = {3-8},
pmid = {32416154},
issn = {1097-6868},
mesh = {Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; China ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Consensus ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Gynecology/*methods ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Operating Rooms/standards ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Since December 2019, the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 became a major epidemic threat in China and later spread worldwide. During the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in mainland China, the Chinese Obstetricians and Gynecologists Association distributed guidelines regarding the care of gynecologic patients. These guidelines were developed by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital and represent an effort to integrate infection control strategy and promote professionalism in medical practice. The guidelines represent collaboration with experts from 31 provinces and autonomous regions of mainland China over 2 weeks' time. With the implementation of these guidelines, no nosocomial infections of coronavirus disease 2019 have been identified at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital. We think these guidelines might be helpful to departments of obstetrics and gynecology internationally during these unprecedented times. In our guidelines, we describe basic infection precaution principles, an epidemiologic screening tool, prioritization of surgical procedures, and operating room requirements. Using these principles, we then review the management of gynecologic patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in the outpatient and operative and nonoperative inpatient settings and in clinical trials.},
}

Betacoronavirus
COVID-19
China
Clinical Trials as Topic
Consensus
Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis/*epidemiology
Female
Gynecologic Surgical Procedures
Gynecology/*methods
Hospitals
Humans
Infection Control
Operating Rooms/standards
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis/*epidemiology
Pregnancy
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid32386011,
year = {2020},
author = {Liu, J and Wang, W},
title = {Imaging examination, diagnosis, and control and prevention of nosocomial infection for coronavirus disease 2019: Expert consensus of Hunan radiologist.},
journal = {Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences},
volume = {45},
number = {3},
pages = {221-228},
doi = {10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2020.200081},
pmid = {32386011},
issn = {1672-7347},
mesh = {*Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Consensus ; Coronavirus Infections/*diagnostic imaging ; *Cross Infection ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/*diagnostic imaging ; Radiologists ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a huge threat to global public health because it develops rapidly. There is no specific treatment so far. Chest imaging examination is an important auxiliary examination method in diagnosis of COVID-19. To further standardize the imaging examination and diagnosis of COVID-19, Hunan Society of Radiology together with Imaging Technology Professional Committee of Hunan Medical Association reach an expert consensus document on imaging examination, diagnosis, and control and prevention of nosocomial infection for COVID-19. This document summarizes the epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, imaging examination procedure, imaging findings, CT staging, the value of imaging examination, and the methods for control and prevention of nosocomial infection for COVID-19 during imaging examination. Furthermore, it extends the clinical characteristics and imaging manifestations of COVID-19 in children.},
}

*Betacoronavirus
COVID-19
Consensus
Coronavirus Infections/*diagnostic imaging
*Cross Infection
Humans
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral/*diagnostic imaging
Radiologists
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid32385985,
year = {2020},
author = {Chinese Research Hospital Association Of Critical Care Medicine, and Youth Committee Of Chinese Research Hospital Association Of Critical Care Medicine, },
title = {[Chinese experts' consensus on diagnosis and treatment of severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019 (revised edition)].},
journal = {Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue},
volume = {32},
number = {3},
pages = {269-274},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20200218-00188},
pmid = {32385985},
issn = {2095-4352},
mesh = {Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; China ; Consensus ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections/*diagnosis/therapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/*diagnosis/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is serious and there is no effective treatment to date. In order to reduce the mortality of severe and critical COVID-19, experts from the first-line in related fields in China were organized to analyze, discuss and summarize the diagnosis and treatment of severe and critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan and other severe epidemic areas, and formulate the expert consensus. The first edition was released on February 22, 2020, and the revised one on March 4, 2020.},
}

Betacoronavirus
COVID-19
China
Consensus
Coronavirus
Coronavirus Infections/*diagnosis/therapy
Humans
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral/*diagnosis/therapy
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid32324653,
year = {2020},
author = {Simpson, S and Kay, FU and Abbara, S and Bhalla, S and Chung, JH and Chung, M and Henry, TS and Kanne, JP and Kligerman, S and Ko, JP and Litt, H},
title = {Radiological Society of North America Expert Consensus Statement on Reporting Chest CT Findings Related to COVID-19. Endorsed by the Society of Thoracic Radiology, the American College of Radiology, and RSNA - Secondary Publication.},
journal = {Journal of thoracic imaging},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {219-227},
pmid = {32324653},
issn = {1536-0237},
mesh = {*Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Consensus ; Coronavirus Infections/*diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Lung/*diagnostic imaging ; North America ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/*diagnostic imaging ; Radiography, Thoracic/methods ; Radiologists ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Societies, Medical ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods ; United States ; },
abstract = {Routine screening CT for the identification of COVID-19 pneumonia is currently not recommended by most radiology societies. However, the number of CTs performed in persons under investigation (PUI) for COVID-19 has increased. We also anticipate that some patients will have incidentally detected findings that could be attributable to COVID-19 pneumonia, requiring radiologists to decide whether or not to mention COVID-19 specifically as a differential diagnostic possibility. We aim to provide guidance to radiologists in reporting CT findings potentially attributable to COVID-19 pneumonia, including standardized language to reduce reporting variability when addressing the possibility of COVID-19. When typical or indeterminate features of COVID-19 pneumonia are present in endemic areas as an incidental finding, we recommend contacting the referring providers to discuss the likelihood of viral infection. These incidental findings do not necessarily need to be reported as COVID-19 pneumonia. In this setting, using the term "viral pneumonia" can be a reasonable and inclusive alternative. However, if one opts to use the term "COVID-19" in the incidental setting, consider the provided standardized reporting language. In addition, practice patterns may vary, and this document is meant to serve as a guide. Consultation with clinical colleagues at each institution is suggested to establish a consensus reporting approach. The goal of this expert consensus is to help radiologists recognize findings of COVID-19 pneumonia and aid their communication with other healthcare providers, assisting management of patients during this pandemic.},
}

*Betacoronavirus
COVID-19
Consensus
Coronavirus Infections/*diagnostic imaging
Humans
Lung/*diagnostic imaging
North America
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral/*diagnostic imaging
Radiography, Thoracic/methods
Radiologists
SARS-CoV-2
Societies, Medical
Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods
United States

@article {pmid32270477,
year = {2020},
author = {Ciavattini, A and Delli Carpini, G and Giannella, L and De Vincenzo, R and Frega, A and Cattani, P and Boselli, F and Sopracordevole, F and Barbero, M},
title = {Expert consensus from the Italian Society for Colposcopy and Cervico-Vaginal Pathology (SICPCV) for colposcopy and outpatient surgery of the lower genital tract during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics},
volume = {149},
number = {3},
pages = {269-272},
pmid = {32270477},
issn = {1879-3479},
mesh = {Adult ; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/*standards ; Biopsy ; COVID-19 ; Colposcopy/*standards ; Consensus ; *Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control/transmission ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/*prevention & control ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis/pathology/*surgery ; Humans ; Infection Control/*standards ; Italy ; Mass Screening ; *Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control/transmission ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Pregnancy ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients need to be evaluated within 2-4 weeks in the following cases: cytology result of "squamous cell carcinoma," "atypical glandular cells, favor neoplastic," "endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ," or "adenocarcinoma"; histopathological diagnosis of suspected invasion from cervical/vaginal biopsy, or invasive disease after a cervical excision procedure, vaginal excision, or vulvar biopsy/excision; sudden onset of strongly suggestive symptoms for malignancy. Digital imaging technologies represent an important opportunity during the COVID-19 pandemic to share colposcopic images with reference centers, with the aim of avoiding any concentration of patients. All patients must undergo screening for COVID-19 exposure and should wear a surgical mask. A high-efficiency filter smoke evacuation system is mandatory to remove surgical smoke. Electrosurgical instruments should be set at the lowest possible power and not be used for long continuous periods to reduce the amount of surgical smoke. The following personal protective equipment should be used: sterile fluid-repellant surgical gloves, an underlying pair of gloves, eye protection, FFP3 mask, surgical cap, and gown. The colposcope should be protected by a disposable transparent cover. A protective lens that must be disinfected after each use should be applied. The use of a video colposcope should be preferred.},
}

Adult
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures/*standards
Biopsy
COVID-19
Colposcopy/*standards
Consensus
*Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control/transmission
Disease Transmission, Infectious/*prevention & control
Female
Genital Diseases, Female/diagnosis/pathology/*surgery
Humans
Infection Control/*standards
Italy
Mass Screening
*Pandemics/prevention & control
*Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control/transmission
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Pregnancy
Time Factors

@article {pmid32196655,
year = {2020},
author = {Chen, D and Yang, H and Cao, Y and Cheng, W and Duan, T and Fan, C and Fan, S and Feng, L and Gao, Y and He, F and He, J and Hu, Y and Jiang, Y and Li, Y and Li, J and Li, X and Li, X and Lin, K and Liu, C and Liu, J and Liu, X and Pan, X and Pang, Q and Pu, M and Qi, H and Shi, C and Sun, Y and Sun, J and Wang, X and Wang, Y and Wang, Z and Wang, Z and Wang, C and Wu, S and Xin, H and Yan, J and Zhao, Y and Zheng, J and Zhou, Y and Zou, L and Zeng, Y and Zhang, Y and Guan, X},
title = {Expert consensus for managing pregnant women and neonates born to mothers with suspected or confirmed novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection.},
journal = {International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics},
volume = {149},
number = {2},
pages = {130-136},
pmid = {32196655},
issn = {1879-3479},
mesh = {Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; China ; Consensus ; Coronavirus Infections/*therapy/virology ; Delivery, Obstetric/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infection Control/methods ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/*therapy/virology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*therapy/virology ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To provide clinical management guidelines for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in pregnancy.

METHODS: On February 5, 2020, a multidisciplinary teleconference comprising Chinese physicians and researchers was held and medical management strategies of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy were discussed.

RESULTS: Ten key recommendations were provided for the management of COVID-19 infections in pregnancy.

CONCLUSION: Currently, there is no clear evidence regarding optimal delivery timing, the safety of vaginal delivery, or whether cesarean delivery prevents vertical transmission at the time of delivery; therefore, route of delivery and delivery timing should be individualized based on obstetrical indications and maternal-fetal status.},
}

Betacoronavirus
COVID-19
China
Consensus
Coronavirus Infections/*therapy/virology
Delivery, Obstetric/methods
Female
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Infection Control/methods
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/*prevention & control
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral/*therapy/virology
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*therapy/virology
Risk Factors
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid32164088,
year = {2020},
author = {, },
title = {[Expert consensus for bronchoscopy during the epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus infection (Trial version)].},
journal = {Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases},
volume = {43},
number = {3},
pages = {199-202},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2020.03.012},
pmid = {32164088},
issn = {1001-0939},
mesh = {*Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity ; Bronchoscopy/*methods/standards ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Consensus ; Coronavirus Infections/*diagnosis/transmission ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/*diagnosis/transmission ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Infection with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets, airborne transmission and direct contact. However, conducting bronchoscopy on patients with 2019-nCoV is a high-risk procedure in which health care workers are directly exposed to the virus, and the protection and operation procedures need to be strictly regulated. According to the characteristics of bronchoscopy, it is necessary to formulate the procedure, requirements and precautions when conducting bronchoscopy in the current epidemic situation. Relevant standards for preventing from infections should be strictly implemented in the operation of bronchoscopy. It needs to emphasize that bronchoscopy should not be used as a routine means for the diagnosis of 2019-nCoV infection sampling. The indications for bronchoscopy for other diseases should be strictly mastered, and it is suggested that bronchoscopy should be postponed for those patients who is not in urgent situation.},
}

*Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
Bronchoscopy/*methods/standards
COVID-19
COVID-19 Testing
Clinical Laboratory Techniques
Consensus
Coronavirus Infections/*diagnosis/transmission
Humans
Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control
Pneumonia, Viral/*diagnosis/transmission
Practice Guidelines as Topic
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41480252,
year = {2025},
author = {Salas, RL and la Asunción, M and Vásquez-Soto, C and Orta-Visbal, K and Serrano, V and Villarreal, E and Sepúlveda, S and Montalvo, MJ and Nuñez, JA and Borja, J},
title = {Scoping review of the emerging definition of long COVID: implications for future research and clinical practice.},
journal = {Revista de salud publica (Bogota, Colombia)},
volume = {27},
number = {6},
pages = {122127},
pmid = {41480252},
issn = {2539-3596},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/diagnosis ; *Terminology as Topic ; Biomedical Research ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Long COVID, Post-COVID19 syndrome and prolonged COVID-19, are concepts classified as the set of signs and symptoms that persist after an acute episode of COVID-19 disease.

OBJECTIVE: To describe what definitions have been published for the term "long COVID".

METHODS: The PRISMA ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) was used as a base for a scoping review, as suggested by Joanna Briggs Institute. A search of databases, Medline via PubMed, Embase, SciELO and The Cochrane Library was undertaken. The data registry and synthesis of the results was carried out independently by two reviewers.

RESULTS: Following removal of duplicates, 896 articles were retrieved of which 91 met the eligibility principles and 51 of which included a definition. At least four characteristics of the definitions were identified: time or term, organs affected, symptoms and clinical manifestations.

CONCLUSIONS: The review identified many concepts and definitions of "long COVID". These findings show that there is lack of consensus on the definition of long COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/diagnosis
*Terminology as Topic
Biomedical Research
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41479924,
year = {2025},
author = {Wan, X and Wang, X and Liu, Y and Hong, L and Zhao, Z and Guo, P},
title = {Ferroptosis in human reproductive tract infections and associated disorders: mechanisms and emerging therapeutic opportunities.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1713074},
pmid = {41479924},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Ferroptosis/immunology ; *Reproductive Tract Infections/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Female ; Iron/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; },
abstract = {Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by lipid peroxidation, is closely associated with mitochondrial damage, diminished glutathione peroxidase 4 activity, dysfunction of the System Xc[-] cystine/glutamate antiporter, and disruptions in iron metabolism. Infections of the human reproductive system and associated reproductive disorders pose a significant global public health challenge, characterized by diverse pathogens and complex pathogenic mechanisms. Recent research has revealed that ferroptosis plays a critical role in the pathological processes of many of these infections. This review systematically elaborates on the central mechanistic role of ferroptosis in various pathologies of the reproductive system. These include CD4[+] T cell depletion and immunological non-response in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, the development of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cervical cancer, Staphylococcus aureus-induced endometritis and mastitis, as well as male infertility, pre-eclampsia, and ovarian cancer linked to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Despite the diversity of the pathogens, they can all trigger ferroptosis through common mechanisms, such as disrupting the Nrf2/GPX4 antioxidant axis, impairing the System Xc[-]-GSH-GPX4 pathway, and inducing dysregulation of iron metabolism. Furthermore, ferroptosis interacts intricately with pyroptosis and apoptosis, forming a complex network that collectively regulates the outcome of infections and the extent of tissue damage. Notably, ferroptosis plays a context-dependent dual role in various reproductive system infections. During the initial phases of infection, it exerts a protective effect by eliminating pathogens and curbing infection progression. In contrast, during advanced or chronic stages, ferroptosis exacerbates tissue injury and promotes disease pathogenesis. The ferroptosis pathway holds great therapeutic promise, either through inhibitors that safeguard host cells or inducers that eradicate drug-resistant bacteria by triggering a "ferroptosis-like" state. Nevertheless, challenges remain for clinical translation, as the ferroptosis network is incompletely understood, and the tissue selectivity and long-term safety of targeted drugs are unverified. Future studies must elucidate host-pathogen interactions to develop precise targeted therapies.},
}

Humans
*Ferroptosis/immunology
*Reproductive Tract Infections/immunology/metabolism/pathology
Female
Iron/metabolism
COVID-19
Animals
SARS-CoV-2
Male

@article {pmid41479918,
year = {2025},
author = {Dhar, R and Singh, S and Sahoo, OS and Chandra, N and Gul, A and Mukherjee, I and Karmakar, S and Amanullah, M and Karmakar, S},
title = {The placental battlefield: viral strategies and immune countermeasures.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1667601},
pmid = {41479918},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Placenta/immunology/virology ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *COVID-19/immunology/transmission/virology ; *Virus Diseases/immunology/transmission/virology ; Zika Virus Infection/immunology/transmission ; Zika Virus/immunology ; Animals ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; },
abstract = {The placenta plays an essential role in connecting the maternal and fetal environments. It acts as both a protective barrier and a selective transport system during pregnancy. Despite its importance, we still do not fully understand how the placenta responds to viral infections, leaving a notable gap in maternal-fetal medicine. This review looks at how viral pathogens interact with placental tissue. It explores how viruses are transmitted, how the placenta's immune system responds, and how infections affect pregnancy outcomes. We examined recent findings on how viruses can penetrate placental barriers, the molecular processes that lead to placental damage, and the long-term effects on fetal development. We gathered evidence from SARS-CoV-2, Zika virus, cytomegalovirus, and other viral infections to highlight common pathways and point out possible treatment targets. As new viral threats continue to challenge healthcare systems worldwide, understanding placental virology is crucial for safeguarding both maternal and fetal health. This review outlines potential future research paths and emphasizes the urgent need for placenta-specific antiviral strategies as new infectious diseases emerge.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
Female
*Placenta/immunology/virology
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology/virology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*COVID-19/immunology/transmission/virology
*Virus Diseases/immunology/transmission/virology
Zika Virus Infection/immunology/transmission
Zika Virus/immunology
Animals
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical

@article {pmid41479106,
year = {2026},
author = {Karageorgou, E and Adam, S and Doukakis, S and Vlamos, P},
title = {Digital Accessibility for Students with Disabilities and Inclusive Learning in Education.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1490},
number = {},
pages = {417-424},
pmid = {41479106},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Persons with Disabilities/education ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Students ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Artificial Intelligence ; *Learning ; *Education, Distance ; },
abstract = {The rapid advancement of digital technologies has reshaped education, yet significant barriers persist in ensuring equitable access for students with disabilities. Digital accessibility in education extends beyond technological solutions, requiring institutional commitment, policy reform, and faculty preparedness. This study examines the challenges and opportunities associated with digital accessibility in higher education and workplace inclusion, emphasizing systemic barriers such as inadequate assistive technologies, inaccessible Learning Management Systems (LMSs), and insufficient faculty training. The findings highlight the transformative potential of adaptive learning strategies, including artificial intelligence (AI), extended reality (XR), and human-computer interaction (HCI), in fostering personalized and inclusive learning environments. However, ethical concerns, algorithmic biases, and inconsistent implementation pose substantial obstacles to their effectiveness. The COVID-19 pandemic further exposed critical shortcomings in digital accessibility policies, disproportionately affecting students and employees with disabilities and underscoring the need for inclusive digital literacy initiatives. Addressing these challenges necessitates a holistic approach that integrates universal design principles, strengthens faculty training programs, and fosters interdisciplinary collaboration between educators, policymakers, and technologists. Through this review, sustained investment in assistive technologies is advocated, along with regulatory frameworks mandating digital inclusivity, and the development of digital learning ecosystems. By embedding accessibility as a fundamental component of educational and employment policies, institutions can mitigate the digital divide and advance equitable opportunities for all learners.},
}

Humans
*Persons with Disabilities/education
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Students
SARS-CoV-2
Artificial Intelligence
*Learning
*Education, Distance

@article {pmid41479104,
year = {2026},
author = {Karageorgou, E and Adam, S and Doukakis, S and Vlamos, P},
title = {Data-Driven Precision Learning: Transforming Adult Education with AI and Analytics.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1490},
number = {},
pages = {399-407},
pmid = {41479104},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Education, Distance/methods ; Greece/epidemiology ; *Learning ; Data Mining ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {Lifelong learning has become essential in modern society, driven by technological advancements and the increasing demand for continuous skill development. E-learning platforms have transformed education by enhancing accessibility, flexibility, and personalization. Artificial intelligence (AI) and data-driven technologies further refine these platforms, enabling adaptive learning, real-time feedback, and predictive analytics to improve engagement and outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of e-learning, shifting it from a supplementary tool to a primary mode of education.This study examines the impact of e-learning on adult education, focusing on AI-driven personalization and data analytics. In Greece, national and European policies have facilitated digital education, yet challenges such as infrastructure limitations and digital inequalities persist. Additionally, data mining in e-learning environments has the potential to optimize instructional methods and predict learning outcomes. A proposed framework for precision education integrates multimodal data sources, including biometric indicators, to enhance individualized learning experiences.While AI-powered e-learning systems offer transformative opportunities, ethical concerns surrounding data privacy and equitable access must be addressed. Ensuring responsible data management and inclusive policies will be crucial in maintaining the effectiveness of digital education and fostering lifelong learning in an increasingly technology-driven world.},
}

Humans
*Artificial Intelligence
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Adult
SARS-CoV-2
*Education, Distance/methods
Greece/epidemiology
*Learning
Data Mining
Pandemics

@article {pmid41477779,
year = {2025},
author = {Vildanov, TR and Lukyanov, NG and Kozlov, KL and Vlasenko, SV and Shcherbak, SG and Vorobyovsky, DA},
title = {[Complexities of myocardial revascularization in patients over 75 years with acute coronary syndrome.].},
journal = {Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii},
volume = {38},
number = {4},
pages = {546-552},
pmid = {41477779},
issn = {1561-9125},
mesh = {Humans ; *Acute Coronary Syndrome/surgery/diagnosis ; *Myocardial Revascularization/methods ; Aged ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Aged, 80 and over ; Geriatric Assessment/methods ; Prognosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in elderly patients. The objective of this review is to demonstrate the importance of a comprehensive geriatric examination in cardiology, a balanced approach to choosing a myocardial revascularization method and postoperative patient management. The results of modern studies in emergency cardiology practice were studied and analyzed in such electronic bibliographic databases as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Elibrary. This review presents known surgical strategies for myocardial revascularization, therapeutic options for postoperative management, the impact of geriatric syndromes and COVID-19 on the prognosis and outcome of the disease, clinical and angiographic difficulties in managing elderly patients with myocardial infarction.},
}

Humans
*Acute Coronary Syndrome/surgery/diagnosis
*Myocardial Revascularization/methods
Aged
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Aged, 80 and over
Geriatric Assessment/methods
Prognosis
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41316355,
year = {2025},
author = {Chandrasekaran, S and Kamboj, M and Baddepudi, S and Raj, R and Suresh, C and Sanker, V and Dave, T and Wijenaike, N},
title = {Unraveling COVID-19-vaccination-induced bullous pemphigoid: a case report and review of the literature.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {1},
pmid = {41316355},
issn = {1752-1947},
mesh = {Humans ; *Pemphigoid, Bullous/chemically induced/etiology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Male ; Aged, 80 and over ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; BNT162 Vaccine/adverse effects ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines have been instrumental in combating the global pandemic, yet their potential side effects, including autoimmune conditions such as bullous pemphigoid, remain an area of concern. This case highlights the development of bullous pemphigoid following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination and includes a comprehensive review of similar cases reported in the literature, emphasizing its novelty and clinical significance.

CASE PRESENTATION: An elderly British man in his 80s with type 2 diabetes mellitus developed blistering lesions 21 days after receiving his third dose of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine (Moderna). Clinical examination revealed erythematous plaques and bullae on the trunk and limbs. Histopathological evaluation and immunofluorescence confirmed the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. Treatment included corticosteroids, doxycycline, and immunosuppressants. Despite initial improvement, a severe flare-up necessitated hospitalization and wound care management. A systematic review identified 50 reported cases of bullous pemphigoid linked to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination, with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine implicated in most cases (64%), followed by Moderna (18%). Symptom onset typically occurred after the first dose in 52% of cases.

CONCLUSION: This case underscores the need for vigilance regarding autoimmune phenomena such as bullous pemphigoid following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination. Awareness of such potential adverse effects is crucial to ensure timely diagnosis and management, ultimately contributing to patient safety and guiding future vaccine development.},
}

Humans
*Pemphigoid, Bullous/chemically induced/etiology/drug therapy/diagnosis
Male
Aged, 80 and over
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
SARS-CoV-2
BNT162 Vaccine/adverse effects
Vaccination/adverse effects
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications

@article {pmid41477135,
year = {2025},
author = {Syamal, M},
title = {The Effects of COVID-19 on Voice.},
journal = {World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {524-529},
pmid = {41477135},
issn = {2589-1081},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic had profound effects on vocal health, impacting both infected individuals, professional voice users and essential workers. The objective of this paper was to explore the multifaceted nature of dysphonia associated with COVID-19, arising from both direct and indirect consequences of the pandemic. Prevalence rates of dysphonia among COVID-19 patients range widely from 25% to 79%, with significant underreporting. Factors contributing to voice changes include laryngeal inflammation, respiratory function impairment, treatment-related interventions, and increased vocal strain from masking and virtual communication. Professional voice users, such as teachers and singers, experienced unique challenges, including increased voice fatigue and apprehension regarding aerosol transmission during singing. For the voice clinician, videolaryngoscopic examination remains the critical tool for capturing the broad landscape of diagnoses that can range from inflammation to surgically emergent airway stenoses. Innovations with voice also emerged, utilizing artificial intelligence voice analysis for COVID-19 detection. Overall, understanding the relationship between COVID-19 and voice health is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of dysphonic patients. Continued research is necessary to further delineate the long-term implications and optimal treatment approaches for those affected.},
}

@article {pmid41476991,
year = {2025},
author = {Asadikaram, M and Bahrampour, S and Rahimi Naiini, M and Jafarzadeh, A and Rosen, C and Asadikaram, G},
title = {Prolactin: A Key Immunoregulator in Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases.},
journal = {International journal of endocrinology},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {2312675},
pmid = {41476991},
issn = {1687-8337},
abstract = {Prolactin (PRL) is secreted by various cells in the anterior pituitary gland, mammary glands, placenta, uterus, ovaries, testes, skin, adipose tissue, endothelial cells, immune system, and central nervous system. The expression and secretion of PRL are influenced by several factors such as suckling, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), cytokines, dopamine, estrogen, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. It operates through a complex receptor, which is expressed in mammary gland cells, pancreatic beta cells, adipocytes, and immune cells. PRL is essential for various physiological functions, in particular milk production, breast development, metabolism, and immune regulation. Serum PRL levels fluctuate daily and can be affected by exercise, diet, and stress. Hyperprolactinemia is linked to autoimmune diseases and viral infections. In viral infections such as HIV, HCMV, HCV, and COVID-19, PRL levels are often increased, which may influence the immune responses. PRL can modulate the activity of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages, mounting an effective immune response against viral infections. Moreover, PRL influences the production of cytokines that mediate and regulate immunity and inflammation. PRL stimulates B cells to produce antivirus antibodies that are essential for neutralizing viruses and preventing their spread within the body. PRL levels, varying by sex and life stage, may affect immune responses and susceptibility to viral infections. Moreover, overexpression of PRL was indicated in various autoimmune diseases. Overall, PRL is a complex hormone with significant implications for endocrine function, immune regulation, and immune responses to viral infections, highlighting the need for further research into its diverse roles in health and disease. This review summarizes current knowledge of the immunomodulatory effects of PRL in human viral infections and possibly its contribution to the development of autoimmune diseases.},
}

@article {pmid41476798,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, L and Zhang, H and Jiang, H},
title = {Phosphorylation Modifications and Their Role in Viral Pneumonia: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.},
journal = {Infection and drug resistance},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {6915-6933},
pmid = {41476798},
issn = {1178-6973},
abstract = {Advances in diagnostic technologies have led to the identification of an increasing number of viruses associated with pneumonia, thereby drawing significant attention to viral pneumonia. The primary viral pathogens implicated in pneumonia include influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, human metapneumovirus, and enterovirus. Post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation, are pivotal in the lifecycle of these viruses. Phosphorylation affects key processes such as viral replication, transcription, assembly, and release, thereby influencing their propagation in host cells. Viral infection can also trigger kinase-associated pathways within host cells, activating host cell phosphatases and related signaling cascades. This results in alterations to host phosphorylation states, aggravating cellular pathology and facilitating viral proliferation. This review examines the common viral pathogens involved in pneumonia and highlights the role of phosphorylation in viral proliferation. Additionally, we explore the potential of phosphorylation inhibitors in controlling viral infections, with the aim of advancing our understanding of viral phosphorylation and promoting the use of these inhibitors in the treatment of viral pneumonia.},
}

@article {pmid41476768,
year = {2025},
author = {Dommer, AC and Amaro, RE and Prather, KA},
title = {Understanding Aerosol-Mediated Disease Transmission.},
journal = {ACS central science},
volume = {11},
number = {12},
pages = {2319-2328},
pmid = {41476768},
issn = {2374-7943},
abstract = {This Outlook aims to update the longstanding treatment of airborne disease transmission through an interdisciplinary lens combining biology, surface chemistry, and aerosol physics, drawing parallels between environmental and human-generated infectious aerosols and examining their effects on human and ecosystem health. By recasting the lung surface as a dynamic interface akin to the ocean surface, this Outlook illustrates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to elucidate the mechanisms of disease transmission at a depth that enables practical mitigation strategies. The urgency of this analysis is motivated by the evolving nature of airborne pathogens of concern, such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza, and the global impact of dynamic environments on the poorly understood airborne microbiome.},
}

@article {pmid41476648,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Q and Xing, H and Naeem, A and Zhang, K and Zheng, A and Huang, Y and Lu, M},
title = {Extracellular Vesicle-Based mRNA Therapeutics and Vaccines.},
journal = {Exploration (Beijing, China)},
volume = {5},
number = {6},
pages = {20240109},
pmid = {41476648},
issn = {2766-2098},
abstract = {Messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics and vaccines have recently gained particular prominence following the COVID-19 epidemic. However, clinical translation of mRNAs is critically dependent on efficient and safe delivery in vivo. Currently, a plethora of mRNA delivery technology platforms (such as lipid nanoparticles) have been developed and have achieved stunning success. Nevertheless, many challenges remain to be overcome, including immunogenicity and toxicities, excessive liver accumulation, limited endosomal escape ability, low tissue bioavailability, poor mucosal immunity, and the need for cold chain storage. In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an attractive mRNA delivery platform due to their favorable properties, such as low immunogenicity, natural capability to deliver RNAs, intrinsic targeting capacity, and the ability to negotiate with physiological barriers. In this review, we discuss the latest efforts to harness EVs for mRNA delivery and elaborate the behind mechanisms, aiming to offering insights into the rational design of effective and safe EV-based mRNA therapeutics and vaccines for biomedical applications. Additionally, we provide an overview of EV biogenesis, composition, cellular internalization, and their superiorities and challenges for mRNA delivery, with special emphasis on the state-of-the-art methodologies for packaging EVs with mRNAs.},
}

@article {pmid41476373,
year = {2025},
author = {Joshi, R and Sharma, S and Kapoor, DU and Prajapati, BG and Huanbutta, K and Sriamornsak, P},
title = {mRNA-Based Therapeutics: Advances in Drug Delivery, Comparative Innovations, and Biomedical Applications.},
journal = {Molecular pharmaceutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5c00774},
pmid = {41476373},
issn = {1543-8392},
abstract = {mRNA-based therapeutics represent a major advancement in modern medicine, offering programmable and nonintegrating treatment options for infectious diseases, malignancies, and hereditary disorders. This review addresses the chronological evolution, structural optimization, and delivery challenges of mRNA drugs, highlighting developments such as nucleoside modifications and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platforms that improve the stability and promote cellular entry. Comparative analysis highlights the benefits of mRNA over DNA-, siRNA-, and protein-based medicine in safety, scalability, and rapid rearrangement. Applications vary from COVID-19 vaccines to individualized cancer immunotherapy and protein replacement strategies. New methods, including self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA), CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, and tissue-specific delivery systems, enhance the therapeutic potential. While mRNA technology faces challenges in terms of immunogenicity, multiple dosing, and durability of safety considerations, it offers unparalleled precision, transient expression, and swift manufacturability. This review emphasizes the comparative design principles of mRNA delivery systems, bridging formulation innovation with translational biomedical applications. By integrating lipid-based and nonlipid nanocarrier insights, it highlights critical advances shaping next-generation mRNA therapeutics.},
}

@article {pmid41476292,
year = {2025},
author = {Sasikumar, S and Patidar, S},
title = {Progressive fibrotic interstitial lung diseases in India: national challenges and implications for global health policies.},
journal = {Health research policy and systems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12961-025-01425-6},
pmid = {41476292},
issn = {1478-4505},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) constitute a heterogeneous group of diffuse parenchymal lung disorders characterized by varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis. Global estimates indicate that the incidence of ILDs has risen by over 50% in the recent years. In India, epidemiological data remain limited and inconsistent due to heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and regional disparities, impeding accurate burden estimation and policy prioritization.

MAIN TEXT: Among ILDs, progressive fibrotic forms, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in particular, cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Many ILDs progress to irreversible fibrosis, leading to declining lung function, impaired quality of life and shortened survival. Timely and precise diagnosis of progressive fibrotic (PF)-ILDs is imperative to facilitate early therapeutic intervention and potentially slow down fibrotic progression. Diagnostic evaluation necessitates high-resolution computed tomography, histopathological examination and multidisciplinary team consensus, all of which are often unavailable or prohibitively expensive outside tertiary care centres in India. Therapeutic options are confined primarily to two antifibrotic agents approved for IPF, which modestly attenuate disease progression but do not significantly improve survival in patients. Access to these therapies is limited by cost, lack of proper insurance coverage and non-uniform healthcare infrastructure. Clinical presentation is often delayed owing to low disease awareness and referral gaps. Although, pulmonary fibrosis following novel coronavirus disease 2019 has attracted recent attention, it constitutes a minor fraction of the PF-ILD burden. Despite the high morbidity and mortality associated with PF-ILDs, these conditions are inadequately represented in India's health policy instruments, research agendas and funding priorities.

CONCLUSIONS: The burden of PF-ILDs in India demands an urgent policy response, which involves integrating ILDs into national non-communicable disease frameworks, expanding diagnostic capacity in secondary care, improving affordability and access to antifibrotic drugs and supporting multicentre registries for surveillance and research. Addressing these gaps could reduce disease impact domestically and provide a model for other low- and middle-income countries confronting similar challenges in tackling fibrotic lung diseases.},
}

@article {pmid41475153,
year = {2025},
author = {Daniel, N and Smith, C and Miah, N and Akroyd, C and Bingham, T and Brooks, H and Chowdhury, MA and Kaur, G and Kundra, R and Prendergast, M and Chantkowski, M and Galiza, E and Nakafero, G and Milton, C and Mejia, M and Murphy, D and Ramanan, A and Rex, D and Wilkinson, S and Owera, S and Khunti, K and Faust, SN and Ramasamy, MN and , },
title = {Enablers and barriers to participation in vaccine trials: a narrative synthesis.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {73},
number = {},
pages = {128183},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.128183},
pmid = {41475153},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To synthesise evidence on barriers and enablers to participation in vaccine clinical trials (2010-2024), with a focus on underserved populations, to support the design of more inclusive vaccine trials.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rapid narrative review was conducted using PubMed, identifying 145 peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2024. Data extraction captured study design, participant population, and factors influencing trial enrolment. Findings were thematically analysed, with subgroup synthesis for underserved populations, including pregnant individuals, parents, ethnic minority groups, and LGBTQ+ communities.

RESULTS: Analysis of the 145 included studies identified five themes for enablers and four themes for barriers. Safety concerns were the most frequent deterrent, particularly for proxy decision-makers such as parents and pregnant participants. Institutional mistrust and misinformation were consistent barriers, with the COVID-19 pandemic heightening distrust of governments and pharmaceutical companies and amplifying misinformation through social media. Additional barriers included sociocultural expectations and logistical burdens, particularly in low-resource settings. Enrolment was enabled by altruistic motivations, perceived personal or community benefit, transparent safety communication, logistical ease, and community engagement. Community-led engagement, culturally concordant staff, and proportionate incentives were consistently associated with improved enrolment.

CONCLUSIONS: Vaccine trial participation is shaped by a dynamic risk-benefit calculus that manifests differently across populations. Addressing inequities requires sustained community partnerships, culturally competent trial design, proportionate material support, and proactive communication strategies to counter misinformation. These findings provide actionable guidance for designing more inclusive vaccine trials.},
}

@article {pmid41474629,
year = {2026},
author = {Nikanjam, M and Kato, S and Nishizaki, D and Miyashita, H and Pabla, S and Nesline, MK and Ko, H and Conroy, JM and Naing, A and Kurzrock, R},
title = {Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator (ICOS) and ICOS Ligand: Dealing With a Two-Faced Cancer Immunoregulatory System.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {e71467},
pmid = {41474629},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {5U01CA180888-08/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; 5UG1CA233198-05/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology ; *Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand/metabolism/immunology/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Neoplasms/immunology/drug therapy/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Animals ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: ICOS (inducible T-cell co-stimulator) and ICOS ligand (ICOSL) are part of an important, complex pathway that can lead to both immune stimulation and suppression. ICOS and ICOSL have heterogeneous expression patterns between and within tumor types.

METHODS: This review provides an overview of ICOS and ICOSL, their mechanisms of action, expression in cancer and other diseases, and clinical trials exploring therapies targeting ICOS.

RESULTS: Because of the bidirectional immune impact of the ICOS/ICOSL signaling pathway, both ICOS agonists and antagonists are under development and evaluation in clinical trials. The majority of clinical trials have focused on the development of ICOS agonists, with only one study exploring an ICOS antagonist; there have been no clinical trials developing ICOSL agonists or antagonists in oncology. ICOS can be expressed on immune-activating effector T-cell and immunosuppressive regulatory T-cell (Tregs). Thus, it is critical to determine where and how ICOS is expressed in order to evaluate the role for agonists versus antagonists. To date, ICOS agonists have shown limited activity in patients with malignancies, perhaps because of the lack of biomarker-based trials. However, an ICOS antagonist demonstrated a 44% response rate in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma; ICOS is highly expressed on T-follicular helper cells (type of CD4 cell) and proliferation of these cells may be a pathogenic mechanism for these lymphomas. A role for the ICOS/ICOSL signaling pathway has also been implicated outside of oncology, including in viral infections such as COVID-19, and in autoimmune conditions such as asthma and systemic lupus erythematosus.

CONCLUSION: Biomarker-driven approaches will be important to individualize therapy and ascertain which cancer patients will derive the greatest benefit from ICOS-directed combination therapy approaches.},
}

Humans
*Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology
*Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Ligand/metabolism/immunology/antagonists & inhibitors
*Neoplasms/immunology/drug therapy/metabolism
Signal Transduction
Animals

@article {pmid41472518,
year = {2025},
author = {Boulton, O and Farquharson, B and Hoyle, L},
title = {The Complexity of Emergency Nurse Retention and Turnover Pre- and Post-Covid 19: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Journal of advanced nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jan.70467},
pmid = {41472518},
issn = {1365-2648},
abstract = {AIMS: To examine factors influencing emergency nurse turnover and retention pre- and post-COVID-19 and inform planned Participatory Systems Mapping research.

DESIGN: A scoping review of the literature reporting reasons emergency nurses leave, intend to leave or stay.

METHODS: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and a pre-registered protocol, databases and grey literature were systematically searched in January 2025 (updated August 2025). Literature published after 1st January 2010, was included. Two reviewers independently screened records, and 10% of extractions were cross-checked. Data were grouped thematically on a visual coding system using the Miro platform. Pre- and post-COVID-19 sources were categorised and analysed using a two-dimensional framework of intensity and frequency.

DATA SOURCES: MedLine, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane and grey literature.

RESULTS: Ninety-three sources were included. Burnout, workload, staffing and workplace violence (WPV) were linked across study designs to turnover, while job satisfaction, supportive leadership and team cohesion appeared to support retention. Problem-focused and resilience-based coping were associated with retention across study designs (n = 5); emotion-focused strategies were linked with poorer outcomes (n = 3). In a subset of 86 sources, traditional protective factors (leadership support and team camaraderie) appeared weakened post-COVID-19. A novel theme of moral obligation to remain, despite personal risk, emerged. Adaptive coping gave way to downshifting and emotional suppression.

CONCLUSION: The included evidence indicates that multiple, interacting factors shape emergency nurse turnover and retention, whilst systemic strategies aligning operational demands with psychological safety and core nursing values may contribute to sustainable retention.

Workforce interventions should address the psychological legacy of COVID-19 and focus on rebuilding trust, flexibility and moral sustainability in emergency departments.

IMPACT: While individual drivers of turnover are known, their complex interplay and retention factors are underexplored. This review identifies themes transcending boundaries and recurring across the turnover pathway, underscoring the need for multi-level interventions relevant to both nurse managers and policy makers.

REPORTING METHOD: Reporting follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines (PRISMA-ScR).

This study did not include patient or public involvement in its design, conduct or reporting.},
}

@article {pmid41472297,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, J and Luo, W and Li, J and Cai, B and Lei, Z and Lin, S and Chen, Z and Yue, Z and Chen, X and Li, Y and Luo, Z and Zhang, Q and Chen, X},
title = {A Review of Receptor Recognition Mechanisms in Coronaviruses.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41472297},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {82072834, 32400132, 2023A1515010318, 2021A1515011065//the National Natural Science Foundation of China , Guangdong Natural Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Coronavirus/physiology/genetics/metabolism ; *Receptors, Virus/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; Animals ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; *Coronavirus Infections/virology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Cellular receptor recognition exerts fundamental roles during coronavirus infection. Clarifying the regulatory mechanism of virus receptor helps to better understand viral infection, transmission and pathogenesis; predict potential host and how viral escape from immune system; prevent coronavirus infection or develop treatment therapy. Herein, we summarize current understanding of host receptor recognition mechanisms in the different genera of coronavirus family. And we also review diverse methodologies of identification and clarification of virus receptors. The integration of structural biology, multi-omics, computational predictions, synthetic biology and artificially engineered viral receptors, provide a powerful framework for elucidating coronavirus-receptor interactions. This also supports the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents, smart biosensors, and intervention strategies against emerging coronaviruses.},
}

Humans
*Coronavirus/physiology/genetics/metabolism
*Receptors, Virus/metabolism/genetics/chemistry
Animals
Host-Pathogen Interactions
*Coronavirus Infections/virology/metabolism

@article {pmid41472292,
year = {2025},
author = {Ariza, ME and Mena Palomo, I and Williams, MV},
title = {Does Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Represent a Poly-Herpesvirus Post-Virus Infectious Disease?.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41472292},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {R01 A1084898//National Institute of Health/ ; },
mesh = {*Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/virology/etiology ; Humans ; *Herpesviridae/physiology/pathogenicity ; *Herpesviridae Infections/virology/complications ; Virus Replication ; Animals ; Virus Latency ; },
abstract = {Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating multisystem illness with unknown etiology. An estimated 17-24 million people representing approximately 1% of the population are afflicted worldwide. In over half of cases, ME/CFS onset is associated with acute "flu-like" symptoms, suggesting a role for viruses. However, no single virus has been identified as the only etiological agent. This may reflect the approach employed or more strongly the central dogma associated with herpesviruses replication, which states that a herpesvirus exists in two states, either lytic or latent. The purpose of this review is to address the role that abortive lytic replication may have in the pathogenesis of ME/CFS and other post-acute viral infections and also to raise awareness that these syndromes might be poly-herpesviruses mediated diseases.},
}

*Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/virology/etiology
Humans
*Herpesviridae/physiology/pathogenicity
*Herpesviridae Infections/virology/complications
Virus Replication
Animals
Virus Latency

@article {pmid41472204,
year = {2025},
author = {Dong, J and He, X and Bao, S and Wei, Z},
title = {Diagnostic Methods for Bovine Coronavirus: A Review of Recent Advancements and Challenges.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {17},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41472204},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {KJZC-2024-15//Gansu Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Science and Technology Support Project/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle ; *Coronavirus, Bovine/genetics/isolation & purification ; *Cattle Diseases/diagnosis/virology ; *Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; *Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis/veterinary/virology ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; CRISPR-Cas Systems ; },
abstract = {Bovine coronavirus(BCoV) is a significant pathogen causing substantial economic losses in the cattle industry through increased calf mortality, reduced growth performance, and decreased milk yield. Rapid and accurate diagnostic methods are therefore essential for controlling BCoV transmission. Current diagnostic methods comprise two primary categories: conventional techniques and cutting-edge innovations. Conventional approaches, including molecular methods like RT-PCR/qRT-PCR and immunological assays such as ELISA and neutralization tests, remain the main diagnostic methods. However, they are limited by laboratory dependency as well as the necessary balance between speed and sensitivity. These limitations have promoted the development of innovative methods, including isothermal amplification, CRISPR/Cas systems, droplet digital PCR, and integrated platforms. This review comprehensively analyzes the advantages, limitations, and applications of current diagnostic methods, highlighting integrated platforms such as RPA-CRISPR-LFA and microfluidics-based LFA. These innovations bridge critical performance gaps by enhancing sensitivity and specificity while enabling field application, demonstrating significant potential as next-generation point-of-care diagnostics for managing this economically critical pathogen.},
}

Animals
Cattle
*Coronavirus, Bovine/genetics/isolation & purification
*Cattle Diseases/diagnosis/virology
*Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods
*Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis/veterinary/virology
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods
Sensitivity and Specificity
CRISPR-Cas Systems

@article {pmid41472136,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Lu, H and Li, J and Xie, Y and Hu, G and Pang, S and Lian, S and Liu, J and Zhu, G and Ding, X},
title = {A Comprehensive View on the Mechanisms of Coronavirus Escaping Innate Immunity.},
journal = {Veterinary sciences},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41472136},
issn = {2306-7381},
support = {32503083//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; HN2024113//Henan Postdoctoral Research Foundation/ ; 22nya08//Science and Technology Plan Project of Taizhou/ ; },
abstract = {Coronaviruses are a group of widespread infectious pathogens that pose a serious threat to human and animal health. Corona Virus Disease 2019, instigated by severe acute respiratory SARS-CoV-2, has presented an unprecedented challenge to global public health in recent years. The host innate immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens, which plays a key role in inhibiting the initial infection of viruses and regulating the initiation and development of acquired immunity. However, coronaviruses can suppress the host's innate immune response through their unique immune escape mechanisms, which is one of the key strategies for coronavirus pathogenesis. This review focuses on the host's innate immune sensors, innate antiviral immune responses, and the mechanisms employed by coronaviruses to evade and suppress the innate immune system. And we hope that it will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the escape mechanism of coronaviruses regarding innate immunity and the pathogenesis of coronaviruses.},
}

@article {pmid41355392,
year = {2026},
author = {Jubran, A and Laghi, F and Tobin, MJ},
title = {Patient self-inflicted lung injury - does it really exist?.},
journal = {Current opinion in critical care},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {17-23},
doi = {10.1097/MCC.0000000000001354},
pmid = {41355392},
issn = {1531-7072},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/therapy/epidemiology ; *Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Tidal Volume ; *Lung Injury/etiology ; *Self-Injurious Behavior ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: P-SILI (patient self-inflicted lung injury) is a radically new idea based on the claim that patients taking larger tidal volumes (in response to respiratory stimuli) can cause alveolar injury. This review lays bare the lack of robust experimental data to establish the actual existence of P-SILI.

RECENT FINDINGS: At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, world-renowned investigators argued that P-SILI was responsible for much of the lung injury in COVID-19 and recommended radical alterations in ventilator management: avoidance of noninvasive ventilation, preemptive intubation, widespread use of neuromuscular blockers to decrease patient-generated tidal volume, and postponement of ventilator weaning. When debated to provide proof for the existence of P-SILI, proponents imparted sparse unconvincing rejoinders.

SUMMARY: In a scientific debate, the party making a new claim carries the burden of proof, not the side defending the preexisting state of knowledge (analogous to a defendant's presumption of innocence until evidence is produced to the contrary). Claims for the existence of P-SILI are based on the shakiest of circumstantial evidence. Six decades of research on how to prudently select settings and remove/wean the ventilator at the earliest time were abrogated during a pandemic on the warrant of an unproven hypothetical entity.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/therapy/epidemiology
*Respiration, Artificial/adverse effects/methods
SARS-CoV-2
Tidal Volume
*Lung Injury/etiology
*Self-Injurious Behavior

@article {pmid40957498,
year = {2026},
author = {Bender, HA and Williams, NA and Burnfield, JM and Constantinidou, F and Bossuyt, FM and Bergquist, T and Bogdanova, Y and Cohen, E and Raber, J and Lokai, AD and Sacks-Zimmerman, A},
title = {Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome: Brain Fog Phenotype, Patient-Centric Understanding, and Biopsychosocial-Oriented Treatment.},
journal = {Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation},
volume = {107},
number = {1},
pages = {134-139},
doi = {10.1016/j.apmr.2025.09.002},
pmid = {40957498},
issn = {1532-821X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology/complications/rehabilitation ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Quality of Life ; Patient-Centered Care ; Phenotype ; },
abstract = {Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS), a term used to describe ongoing symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) (COVID-19) infection, includes prominent neuropsychological sequela, such as a subjective sense of brain fog. Brain fog can be persistent and interfere with quality of life and daily functioning across multiple domains. Rehabilitation professionals can comprehensively address PACS-related brain fog through a biopsychosocial framework of chronic illness. Through emphasizing a patient-centric perspective, rehabilitation practitioners can understand lifestyle protective factors, as well as the reciprocal relationships between emotional processing and behaviors that potentially maintain symptomology manifesting as brain fog. However, current practice models do not fully address the biopsychosocial components for adults suffering from PACS-related brain fog. To address gaps in the literature, we present a biopsychosocial framework for PACS-related brain fog and provide treatment strategies based on evidence from current literature of neuropsychiatric sequela of mild traumatic brain injury. These recommendations will provide practice guidance to rehabilitation professionals in (1) identifying common protective factors that can be optimized in the context of persistent PACS-related brain fog and (2) addressing these symptoms via integrative interventions, considering the biopsychosocial presentation of brain fog.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology/complications/rehabilitation
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
SARS-CoV-2
Quality of Life
Patient-Centered Care
Phenotype

@article {pmid40737552,
year = {2026},
author = {Kaur, U and Chakrabarti, SS},
title = {COVID-19 vaccine safety studies- the need for a third group for extended monitoring.},
journal = {Expert opinion on drug safety},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1080/14740338.2025.2542249},
pmid = {40737552},
issn = {1744-764X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; Vaccination/adverse effects/methods ; Time Factors ; Vaccine Efficacy ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Studies assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness have generally categorized individuals into 'vaccinated' and 'unvaccinated' groups. Long-term safety studies are sparse and have usually compared adverse events with background rates. Studies on timing of COVID-19 vaccination as a determinant of long COVID have provided variable results, while there is scarce data on timing of vaccination as a determinant of adverse events.

AREAS COVERED: We discuss some of our observations as well as the global evidence on the timing of COVID-19 vaccination as a determinant of long-COVID and adverse events. This special report is hypothesis-generating and aims to propose a conceptual framework and not establish causality.

EXPERT OPINION: We propose an alternative classification strategy for COVID-19 vaccinees, with special emphasis on individuals who received any dose of vaccination after recovering from natural COVID-19, i.e. the 'vaccine-after-COVID' (VAC) group. These individuals should be followed up for an extended period through multicentric and database studies. This may help in understanding the long-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines and the natural course of long COVID. Immunological characteristics of this group should also be scrutinized. The evidence gained might be useful in planning vaccination policies in the event of future pandemics.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects/administration & dosage
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
Vaccination/adverse effects/methods
Time Factors
Vaccine Efficacy

@article {pmid41471393,
year = {2025},
author = {Shaer, NA and Mohamed, AA and Schnug, E},
title = {Potential of Artemisia annua Bioactives as Antiviral Agents Against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Health Complications.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {18},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41471393},
issn = {1424-8247},
abstract = {This review highlights Artemisia annua, a medicinal plant which grows in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, known for its abundant therapeutic properties. A. annua serves as a rich source of various bioactive compounds, including sesquiterpenoid lactones, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and coumarins. Among these, artemisinin and its derivatives are most extensively studied due to their potent antimalarial properties. Extracts and isolates of A. annua have demonstrated a range of therapeutic effects, such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antiviral properties. Given its significant antiviral activity, A. annua could be investigated for the development of new nutraceutical bioactive compounds to combat SARS-CoV-2. Artificial Intelligence (AI) can assist in drug discovery by optimizing the selection of more effective and safer natural bioactives, including artemisinin. It can also predict potential clinical outcomes through in silico modeling of protein-ligand interactions. In silico studies have reported that artemisinin and its derivatives possess a strong ability to bind with the Lys353 and Lys31 hotspots of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, demonstrating their effective antiviral effects against COVID-19. This integrated approach may accelerate the identification of effective and safer natural antiviral agents against COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid41471153,
year = {2025},
author = {Ramasamy, R},
title = {Perspective Overview of Changing Population Immunity to COVID-19 in the Context of Infection, Vaccination, and Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens14121197},
pmid = {41471153},
issn = {2076-0817},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control/epidemiology/virology/transmission ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Vaccination ; Immune Evasion ; },
abstract = {The changing state of protective immunity to COVID-19 in the global population in the six years since COVID-19's origin in 2019 is examined in the context of the (i) circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the population, (ii) widespread use of different types of COVID-19 vaccines beginning in December 2020 and continuing to the present time, and (iii) ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 to produce mutant viruses with greater infectivity, replication rate, evasion of immunity, and transmissibility. The outlook, and possible vaccine strategies, for the future control of COVID-19 are also examined.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/prevention & control/epidemiology/virology/transmission
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology/genetics
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
Vaccination
Immune Evasion

@article {pmid41469295,
year = {2025},
author = {Collins, N and Devon, C and Bentley, S and Dixon, E and Jones, D and Kenny, S and Makhecha, S and Moledina, S and Murray, N and Puckey, M and Worger, C and Balfour-Lynn, IM},
title = {Home intravenous antibiotics for cystic fibrosis - setting up a hospital @home service.},
journal = {Paediatric respiratory reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.prrv.2025.12.002},
pmid = {41469295},
issn = {1526-0550},
abstract = {This paper reviews the use of home intravenous antibiotics (IVABs) in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We outline a program we developed during the COVID-19 pandemic for enhancing the experience for children and families by involving full multidisciplinary follow up via video for the duration of the antibiotic course. We did find though, that the majority of families were unsuitable for home IVABs. We hope that this information will be useful for other CF units considering setting up a hospital at home service.},
}

@article {pmid41467992,
year = {2025},
author = {Mendlovic, F and Plett, T and Santiago-Olivares, C and Avila-Ramírez, G and Flisser, A and Rivera-Toledo, E},
title = {Immune and Virological Factors Influencing Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Circulation and Increased Prevalence During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Viral immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1177/08828245251407618},
pmid = {41467992},
issn = {1557-8976},
abstract = {Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in infants and older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted hRSV transmission due to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI), resulting in atypical circulation patterns, earlier seasonal peaks, and increased post-pandemic prevalence. Two key factors are proposed to underlie these changes: a reduced specific immune response due to decreased viral exposure and the emergence of novel hRSV variants. These factors contributed to a larger cohort of immunologically naïve children and lower levels of maternally derived antibodies, increasing susceptibility to severe hRSV disease, particularly in infants and children. Additionally, adults experienced waning immunity following prolonged periods of limited hRSV circulation. The post-pandemic resurgence was accompanied by the emergence of novel hRSV variants with altered transmissibility and virulence, such as GB5.0.6a in Europe and B.D.E.1 in China. These variants may reflect mutations driven by the reduced immunity, though further research is needed to assess their pathogenicity. Understanding the interplay between the reduced immunity due to NPI and virological factors is essential for addressing hRSV epidemiology. Enhanced molecular surveillance and immunological monitoring are crucial for guiding vaccination strategies and protecting vulnerable populations against future hRSV outbreaks.},
}

@article {pmid41467340,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, D and Wang, G},
title = {Post-Vaccination Syndromes: The Evidence and a Roadmap for Rigorous Research.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {e70100},
doi = {10.1002/rmv.70100},
pmid = {41467340},
issn = {1099-1654},
support = {//The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccination/adverse effects ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Syndrome ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/etiology ; },
abstract = {The recent review by Yong et al. (Rev Med Virol. 2025; 35:e70070) proposes the entity of "Long Vax Syndrome" or Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome (PCVS). While this synthesis of anecdotal and early observational reports is a timely contribution, it necessitates a critical evaluation of the underlying evidence. This letter highlights substantial methodological limitations, including a reliance on data susceptible to significant ascertainment bias and the conflation of correlation with causation, given the non-negligible background prevalence of conditions like POTS and chronic fatigue. We argue that the pathophysiological narrative, while plausible, remains highly speculative due to a lack of direct mechanistic validation in human subjects. Furthermore, the proposed therapeutic strategies, borrowed from analogous disorders, are empiric and untested in this specific context, posing potential risks if adopted without evidence. The review by Yong et al. should thus serve not as a definitive guide, but as a critical catalyst for a disciplined research agenda. We outline essential next steps, including the urgent need for large, prospective controlled cohort studies to establish true incidence, deep phenotyping to identify distinct endotypes, and the development of standardised diagnostic criteria before randomised controlled trials can ethically evaluate interventions. Only through such rigorous inquiry can we ensure both compassionate care for affected individuals and the preservation of public confidence in vaccines.},
}

Humans
*Vaccination/adverse effects
*COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
*COVID-19/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Syndrome
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/etiology

@article {pmid41467276,
year = {2025},
author = {Petrov, S and Donkov, D and Orbetzova, M},
title = {AI and telemedicine in management of diabetes.},
journal = {Folia medica},
volume = {67},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3897/folmed.67.e153728},
pmid = {41467276},
issn = {1314-2143},
mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Diabetes Mellitus/therapy/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Deep Learning ; Decision Support Systems, Clinical ; Machine Learning ; Natural Language Processing ; },
abstract = {This review explores how two cutting-edge technologies-telemedicine and artificial intelligence (AI)-are reshaping diabetes care. Diabetes remains one of healthcare's toughest challenges, demanding round-the-clock monitoring and treatments that adapt to each patient's needs. During COVID-19, telemedicine proved its worth as a vital tool for maintaining patient care and improving health outcomes. Meanwhile, AI-through machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL)-brings fresh capabilities for catching diabetes early, assessing patient risk, and spotting complications like eye and nerve damage before they become serious. We examined recent research on these technologies, particularly their roles in predicting who might develop diabetes, using Natural Language Processing (NLP) to decode messy patient records, and supporting doctors through clinical decision support systems (CDSS). Our findings reveal that telemedicine works-it helps patients control their blood sugar better and keeps them satisfied with their care. However, not everyone has equal access to technology, and some healthcare providers remain skeptical. AI diagnostic tools, especially for eye screening, now match human doctors in accuracy. Though merging these technologies could revolutionize personalized diabetes care, we first need to tackle real-world obstacles: ensuring fair access for all patients, protecting sensitive health data, and making different systems work together seamlessly.},
}

Humans
*Telemedicine
*Artificial Intelligence
*Diabetes Mellitus/therapy/diagnosis
COVID-19/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Deep Learning
Decision Support Systems, Clinical
Machine Learning
Natural Language Processing

@article {pmid41467021,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, D and Tan, W and Zhao, J and Tian, Y and Li, S and Zhang, Z and Dong, X and Liu, X and Liu, N and Jiao, P and Ma, J},
title = {Delivery of nucleic acid drugs for tumor therapy: Opportunities and challenges.},
journal = {Fundamental research},
volume = {5},
number = {6},
pages = {2948-2959},
pmid = {41467021},
issn = {2667-3258},
abstract = {The global pandemic of COVID-19 has underscored the huge potential of nucleic acid drugs in effective and rapid vaccine development. Hence, it is significant to accelerate the research and clinical transformation of nucleic acid drugs. However, when administered systemically, nucleic acid molecules are vulnerable to degradation by nucleases, and their structural hydrophilicity hampers cellular entry, limiting their efficacy. Moreover, free nucleic acid drugs may cause some side effects in vivo, and the application of small nucleic acid drugs is largely restricted by intratumoral or peritumoral administration. Currently, the design and preparation of nucleic acid delivering systems face many scientific problems and technical challenges. Breaking through the technical bottlenecks in intraneous delivery of nucleic acid molecules is anticipated to open a new era of efficient, precise and safe nucleic acid drugs. This program, based on the new advances in nanotechnology and biomedical engineering, aims to advance the nucleic acid nano drug delivery systems (NDDS) and overcome intraneous delivery barriers. This review explores the barriers in nucleic acid drug delivery and presents methods for enhancing intracellular uptake, offering guidance for the design of nucleic acid carriers. Furthermore, it discusses the latest advancements in applying NDDS to nucleic acid drugs.},
}

@article {pmid41466823,
year = {2026},
author = {Arjun, MM and Sreekanth, GP},
title = {Engineering Nipah virus: Reverse genetics as a gateway to novel drug discovery.},
journal = {New microbes and new infections},
volume = {69},
number = {},
pages = {101682},
pmid = {41466823},
issn = {2052-2975},
abstract = {Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic and re-emerging virus that requires containment in biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories. The limited accessibility of these high-security facilities poses major obstacles to investigating immunopathogenesis and developing effective antiviral treatments. Reverse genetics allows manipulation of viral genomes without the need to handle the wild-type virus and has become instrumental in understanding NiV pathogenesis and advancing therapeutic research. These tools have proven vital for other high-containment viruses, notably during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and have been adapted effectively for NiV. Reverse genetics-derived systems were used to evaluate the drug candidates in the preclinical studies of NiV, with several candidates in the development pipeline. This narrative review summarizes established reverse genetics and pseudotyping methodologies for NiV, highlighting their contributions to understanding viral pathogenesis and accelerating vaccine and therapeutic development.},
}

@article {pmid41465787,
year = {2025},
author = {Tiwari, S and Dhakal, T and Kim, BJ and Jang, GS and Oh, Y},
title = {Genomics in Epidemiology and Disease Surveillance: An Exploratory Analysis.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41465787},
issn = {2075-1729},
support = {RS-2023-KH140418//Government-wide R&D to Advance Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Republic of Korea/ ; },
abstract = {Genomics has revolutionized epidemiology and disease surveillance by providing powerful tools for identifying, tracking, and analyzing pathogens at the molecular level. This exploratory analysis examines the integration of genomic with traditional epidemiological approaches, highlighting the role of whole-genome sequencing as a key method for pathogen identification, outbreak investigation, and understanding transmission dynamics. By enabling the detection of mutations and monitoring of antimicrobial resistance, genomics allows for precise mapping of infection sources and transmission pathways, thereby improving the timeliness and accuracy of public health responses. Furthermore, genomic surveillance supports the early detection of emerging variants, such as those observed during viral outbreaks like COVID-19, facilitating proactive intervention strategies. Despite its transformative potential, challenges related to data privacy, infrastructure, and interdisciplinary collaboration persist. This analysis emphasizes the importance of genomics in building resilient surveillance systems to address future infectious disease threats and advocates for sustained investment in genomic technologies to advance global health security.},
}

@article {pmid41465600,
year = {2025},
author = {Ben Khlifa, E and Campese, A and Corsi, A and Bombieri, C and Romanelli, MG and Valenti, MT and Zipeto, D and Castelli, M and Lievens, PM and Ruggiero, A},
title = {Post-Translational Modifications in Respiratory Virus Infection: Recent Insights into the Development of In Vitro Models.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {41465600},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {CUP B53D23003290001//the PRIN 2022 (NextGenerationEU, MUR n. 972)/ ; CUP B53D23003410006//NextGenerationEU, MUR n. 972/ ; Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences of the University of Verona//MUR - Excellence Project 2023-2027/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Influenza A virus/metabolism ; Animals ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/metabolism ; COVID-19/virology/metabolism ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/metabolism/virology ; Virus Replication ; },
abstract = {Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial chemical alterations occurring on proteins post-synthesis, impacting various cellular processes. During viral infections, PTMs are shown to play a multitude of roles in viral replication, host interaction, and immune evasion. Thus, these modifications can influence infectivity, with direct impact on the anti-viral host immune responses and potentially viral adaptation across species. This field is still scarcely explored, whilst understanding PTMs is not only important to advance the knowledge of virus pathology but also potentially to provide insights for vaccine development. In this review, we attempt to summarize the latest findings mainly published over the last 10 years, focusing on the roles of PTMs involved in virus infection and anti-viral immune responses, in the context of relevant human respiratory infections: influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2. We decided to concentrate on these three viruses because they currently represent a global health problem due to recurrent outbreaks and pandemic potential. A deeper characterization of the PTMs may help in understanding virus-host interaction with possible implications on curative strategies. Further, we will report on cutting-edge technologies to study in vitro virus infection in different cellular-based systems. In particular, we describe and discuss the application of 2D and 3D lung organoid cell-culture systems as in vitro models to mimic respiratory environments and to study the PTMs in a controlled setting. Finally, we will discuss the importance of PTMs in the context of next-generation vaccine design, especially for their potential role to offer effective protection against respiratory viruses.},
}

Humans
*Protein Processing, Post-Translational
SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
Influenza A virus/metabolism
Animals
Host-Pathogen Interactions
*Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/metabolism
COVID-19/virology/metabolism
*Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/metabolism/virology
Virus Replication

@article {pmid41465254,
year = {2025},
author = {Guria, K and Melnikov, I and Shtelmakh, V and Avtaeva, Y and Okhota, S and Saburova, O and Kozlov, S and Gabbasov, Z},
title = {Fibrin Monomer in Thrombosis and Haemostasis: A Clinical Biomarker and Beyond.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {41465254},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {24-15-00092//the Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Biomarkers/blood/metabolism ; *Hemostasis ; *Thrombosis/metabolism/blood/diagnosis ; COVID-19/blood/complications ; *Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Fibrin/metabolism ; Blood Coagulation ; Fibrinolysis ; },
abstract = {Fibrin monomer (FM) is a transient intermediate of blood coagulation that functions as both an active regulator of haemostasis and a sensitive biomarker for prothrombotic states. Clinically, FM is measured indirectly as its derivative, soluble fibrin monomer complexes (SFMC), which is also often referred to as FM throughout the clinical literature. FM participates in a complex regulatory network modulating thrombin generation and fibrinolysis, interacting with platelet receptors, including integrin αIIbβ3 and GPVI, and engaging GPIb-vWF interactions. This comprehensive review examines FM's molecular mechanisms in haemostatic regulation and evaluates clinical evidence for FM as a biomarker. Particular focus is placed on FM's utility for risk stratification across thrombotic conditions, including disseminated intravascular coagulation, venous thromboembolism, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Current challenges, including assay standardization and universal cut-off values, are discussed. By synthesizing mechanistic insights with clinical data, this integrated perspective may accelerate the translation of FM biology into improved risk assessment tools and novel therapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
Biomarkers/blood/metabolism
*Hemostasis
*Thrombosis/metabolism/blood/diagnosis
COVID-19/blood/complications
*Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/metabolism
SARS-CoV-2
Fibrin/metabolism
Blood Coagulation
Fibrinolysis

@article {pmid41464674,
year = {2025},
author = {Duque-Clavijo, V and Doan, HQ and Tyring, SK},
title = {A Review of Cutaneous Viral Infections and Their Potential Role in Neurologic Diseases.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {41464674},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background: Cutaneous viral infections, defined as viral pathogens that either primarily affect the skin (e.g., herpesviruses, enteroviruses) or frequently produce dermatologic manifestations despite systemic tropism (e.g., HIV, SARS-CoV-2), can trigger systemic inflammatory and neurotropic responses that extend their impact to the nervous system. A growing body of evidence suggests that viruses with dermatologic manifestations may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of neurologic disorders. Summary: Although individual viruses have been studied in isolation, the skin-brain axis in viral infections remains incompletely characterized. This review synthesizes existing knowledge and highlights gaps in understanding the mechanisms linking cutaneous viral infections to neurologic disease. We explore the principal mechanisms linking viral skin infections to central and peripheral nervous system damage, including direct neuroinvasion, immune-mediated injury, and vascular or endothelial dysfunction. Particular attention is given to herpesviruses, retroviruses, enteroviruses, and respiratory viruses, which have been associated with conditions such as dementia, multiple sclerosis, myelopathies, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and the post-acute neurologic sequelae of COVID-19. Furthermore, we discuss the role of neuroinflammation in viral-associated neurodegeneration and highlight emerging evidence supporting the recombinant zoster vaccine (Shingrix) as a potential modulator of neuroinflammatory processes and a protective factor against dementia. Conclusions: Cutaneous viral infections extend beyond local skin pathology, contributing to a broad spectrum of neurologic complications through intertwined infectious and inflammatory mechanisms. A clearer understanding of how peripheral viral activity shapes central nervous system vulnerability remains a major unmet need. A multidisciplinary approach integrating dermatologic and neurologic perspectives is essential for early recognition and prevention. While observational studies suggest that zoster vaccination may reduce viral reactivation and modulate neuroinflammatory pathways, definitive evidence of neuroprotection is still lacking. Future studies should clarify causal relationships, test mechanistic hypotheses regarding skin-brain immune crosstalk, and explore vaccine-mediated neuroprotection as a novel therapeutic strategy.},
}

@article {pmid41464475,
year = {2025},
author = {Jia, Y and Turcu, C},
title = {Climate, Health, and Urban Green Infrastructure: The Evidence Base and Implications for Urban Policy and Spatial Planning.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41464475},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *City Planning ; Humans ; Cities ; COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {Urban green infrastructure (UGI) is widely used to adapt to the impacts of climate change. Its multiple benefits are well documented, with health-related benefits receiving growing attention, especially post-COVID-19. However, the existing evidence remains fragmented and limited to narrow disciplinary perspectives, offering only partial insights into the intersection of UGI and climate adaptation measures with health co-benefits. This paper addresses these gaps by providing an interdisciplinary review of the field. It presents a systematic literature review of studies between 2015 and 2025, assessing the extent of documented evidence and drawing out key policy implications. The review adopts the PRISMA framework and synthesizes evidence from 178 primary research articles across seven databases. Health co-benefits are reported across ten types of UGI: residential greenery, urban vegetation, school greenery, trees, urban parks, urban forests, green roofs and walls, green streets, grasslands, and community or private gardens. Building on the review's findings and additional literature, the paper discusses seven key implications for urban policy and spatial planning, which are relevant to climate adaptation policymakers, urban planners, and public health authorities working in cities.},
}

*Climate Change
*City Planning
Humans
Cities
COVID-19

@article {pmid41464441,
year = {2025},
author = {Abdel-Motaal, KA and El Kheir-Mataria, WA and Chun, S},
title = {Global Health Governance and the WHO Pandemic Agreement: A Scoping Review of Challenges and Analysis of Reforms.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41464441},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {*Global Health ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *World Health Organization ; *Pandemics/prevention & control ; *International Cooperation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed persistent weaknesses in global health governance, particularly in preparedness, equity, and accountability. The WHO Pandemic Agreement, adopted in May 2025, aims to address these systemic gaps through a binding international framework.

OBJECTIVE: To identify key challenges in global pandemic preparedness and health governance reported in the literature (2019-2024) through a systematic scoping review, and to evaluate how these challenges are addressed in the provisions of the WHO Pandemic Agreement via qualitative document analysis.

METHODS: Using Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we systematically identified and thematically analyzed 52 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2024. The thematic results informed a qualitative document analysis of the WHO Pandemic Agreement text to assess the extent to which its provisions address the identified challenges.

RESULTS: Persistent gaps in governance (limited enforceability, fragmented coordination), equity (inequitable access to medical countermeasures), capacity (technology transfer and financing), and accountability were identified. Health systems in low- and middle-income countries continue to face critical resource constraints and lack robust mechanisms to ensure accountability and continuous learning. Document analysis showed the WHO Pandemic Agreement addresses coordination and financing but offers limited advances in enforcement, technology transfer, and independent monitoring.

CONCLUSION: The WHO Pandemic Agreement introduces important institutional and financing measures, but persistent gaps remain in enforcement, technology transfer, and inclusive implementation. Strengthening these domains is crucial to achieving equitable and resilient preparedness. By systematically linking evidence from the pandemic preparedness literature to Treaty provisions, this study offers a novel analytical framework for assessing how global health treaties respond to research-identified challenges.},
}

*Global Health
Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
*World Health Organization
*Pandemics/prevention & control
*International Cooperation
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41464401,
year = {2025},
author = {Wright, T and Smith, R and Sah, RK and Keys, C and Keval, H and Onyejekwe, C},
title = {The Impact of COVID-19 on Racialised Minority Populations: A Systematic Review of Experiences and Perspectives.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {22},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41464401},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {*COVID-19/ethnology/epidemiology/psychology ; Humans ; *Minority Groups/psychology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Health Status Disparities ; Racism ; },
abstract = {Racialised minority populations were disproportionately affected by COVID-19 and saw the highest rate of COVID-19 infections and mortality. Low socioeconomic status, working as frontline workers, temporary employment, precarious immigration status and pre-existing medical conditions were factors that contributed to disadvantaged experiences. This systematic review looked at the impact of COVID-19 on racialised minority populations globally, recognising their experiences, perspectives and the effects on their physical and mental health. Eight electronic databases were searched (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Social Policy and Practice (SPP), Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), MedRxiv and Research Square) for English language qualitative studies. Reference lists of relevant literature reviews and reference lists of articles were hand-searched for additional potentially relevant articles. Duplicates were removed, and articles were screened for titles and abstracts, followed by full-text screening. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess the quality of the included studies (n = 70). Data were synthesised using thematic synthesis. Seven major and three minor themes were identified. The major themes related to (i) children and young people's experiences of COVID-19; (ii) exacerbated pre-existing disparities relating to income, employment and housing security, health insurance and immigration status; (iii) lack of knowledge and information about COVID-19 and COVID-19 misinformation; (iv) racial history of medicine and treatment of racialised populations; (v) contemporary experiences of racism; (vi) impact on physical and mental health and wellbeing; (vii) concerns about safety at work. Minor themes related to (a) experiences of intercommunity mutual aid; (b) adherence to preventative guidance/COVID-19 restrictions; (c) the role of faith. Research needs to focus on developing and testing interventions that support transformation of social, cultural and economic systems towards equity of access to healthcare and healthcare knowledge. Research should be cognisant of interventions that have worked in shifting the equity dial in the past, implement these and use them to inform new approaches. Policy and practice should be mechanisms for enabling the implementation of interventions.},
}

*COVID-19/ethnology/epidemiology/psychology
Humans
*Minority Groups/psychology
SARS-CoV-2
Health Status Disparities
Racism

@article {pmid41464319,
year = {2025},
author = {Raycheva, R and Kostadinov, K and Rangelova, V and Kevorkyan, A},
title = {Economic Analyses of COVID-19 Interventions: A Narrative Review of Global Evidence.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {24},
pages = {},
pmid = {41464319},
issn = {2227-9032},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic imposed an unprecedented global health and economic burden, prompting rapid implementation of diverse public health interventions. This review aimed to synthesize global evidence on the cost-effectiveness of key COVID-19 control strategies, including vaccination, testing, and social distancing and to identify methodological, contextual, and equity-related determinants of their economic value. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed studies published between January 2020 and September 2025 and indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies included economic evaluations and modeling analyses addressing COVID-19 interventions in healthcare, community, or educational settings. Data on costs, outcomes, and methodological features were extracted and synthesized descriptively. Results: Across 74 included studies, vaccination-particularly with messenger RNA (mRNA) platforms-emerged as the most cost-effective intervention across all settings, often cost-saving among high-risk populations. Combined or layered strategies integrating vaccination, testing, and selective social distancing consistently outperformed single interventions in both health and economic outcomes. Early and targeted implementation yielded the highest cost-effectiveness by preventing exponential transmission and healthcare overload. However, heterogeneity in modeling assumptions, analytic perspectives, and outcome measures limited comparability. Few studies applied extended or distributional cost-effectiveness frameworks to address equity, while indirect and long-term effects such as productivity losses and "long COVID" were frequently omitted. Conclusions: COVID-19 interventions are most efficient when early, targeted, and adaptive to local epidemiologic conditions. Integrating equity, methodological consistency, and broader societal impacts into future evaluations will strengthen evidence-based, economically sustainable pandemic preparedness and response strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41463124,
year = {2025},
author = {Fleser, RC and Necula, V and Ujvary, LP and Osman, A and Orasan, A and Maniu, AA},
title = {Hearing Loss in Young Adults: Risk Factors, Mechanisms and Prevention Models.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {41463124},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {Hearing loss is increasingly recognized as a major public health concern among young adults, who are traditionally considered a low-risk group. This narrative review synthesizes recent evidence on risk and aggravating factors of early-onset hearing impairment, including recreational and occupational noise exposure, genetic susceptibility, infections, ototoxic medications, and lifestyle contributors. Pathophysiological mechanisms include cochlear synaptopathy, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, vascular compromise, and immune-mediated injury. Global Burden of Disease data and World Health Organization reports indicate that more than one billion young people are at risk due to unsafe listening practices. Studies highlight emerging risk factors such as hidden hearing loss, extended high-frequency impairment and associations with COVID-19. Aggravating factors include delayed diagnosis, cumulative exposures and lack of preventive strategies. Early detection via advanced audiological assessments, such as extended high-frequency audiometry, otoacoustic emissions, speech-in-noise testing and auditory brainstem responses, is critical to prevent permanent damage. Public health interventions-particularly safe listening campaigns, early screening and monitoring in high-risk populations-are essential to reduce long-term disability.},
}

@article {pmid41463036,
year = {2025},
author = {Andriankaja, OM and Whiteheart, S and Mattos, MBA},
title = {Biological Plausibility Between Long-COVID and Periodontal Disease Development or Progression.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines13123023},
pmid = {41463036},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {Background: Long COVID (LC) is a multi-system disorder with persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral cavity and periodontium raises questions about its potential impact on periodontal health. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed using terms related to LC (e.g., "long-COVID," "post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection," "PASC," "post-COVID-19," "long-haul COVID") and oral/periodontal diseases (e.g., "periodontal disease," "periodontitis," "gingiva," "oral disease," "dental"), filtered for English-language full-text articles published from 2019 to 2024. The search yielded 260 articles, which were supplemented with targeted searches on pathogenesis, immune mechanisms, microbiome alterations, and clinical outcomes, resulting in approximately 248 studies included in this review. Results: LC exhibits systemic immunoinflammatory dysregulation, including neutrophil activation, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, and complement activation, overlapping with mechanisms implicated in periodontitis. LC also leads to gastrointestinal and pulmonary dysbiosis, with potential effects on oral microbial communities. Gingival epithelium and periodontal ligament cells express ACE2, which is increased in periodontitis, facilitating viral entry. LC has been associated with reactivation of herpesviruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus, which are linked to autoimmune disorders and periodontitis. Conclusions: LC may act as a systemic risk factor for periodontitis. This review provides the theoretical foundation for the interactions between LC and oral health and highlights priorities for future epidemiologic and mechanistic research to better understand these relationships.},
}

@article {pmid41462936,
year = {2025},
author = {Haralović, V and Mokos, M and Špoljar, S and Dolački, L and Šitum, M and Lugović-Mihić, L},
title = {Hypochlorous Acid: Clinical Insights and Experience in Dermatology, Surgery, Dentistry, Ophthalmology, Rhinology, and Other Specialties.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines13122921},
pmid = {41462936},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {Background: Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is an integral component of the human innate immune system. It possesses antimicrobial properties and is available in solution, dermal spray, and scar gel forms. Objectives/Methods: This review presents data from studies on the clinical use of HOCl in various specialties, including dermatology, surgery, dentistry, ophthalmology, and rhinology. Results: Due to its anti-inflammatory/antimicrobial/immunomodulatory and healing properties, HOCl is advantageous in treating various skin disorders: ulcus cruris (and wound care), diabetic ulcers, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, pruritus, acne vulgaris, etc. Also, the application of a HOCl spray/gel after surgical procedures may prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and accelerate healing. HOCl is also effective and safe for the prevention and treatment of hypertrophic and keloid scars. Growing evidence shows a broader role for HOCl in limiting cancer cell survival and slowing tumor growth. It is also important in treating various viral infections like SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus), influenza, and herpes, thereby helping to prevent the spread of aerosols. In addition, since HOCl is an endogenous compound naturally present in mammals with a high safety profile, it may be an effective bacterial disinfectant in dental waterlines. In ophthalmology, adjuvant treatment with HOCl ophthalmic spray can reduce the duration of antibiotic/corticosteroid use, even in severe blepharitis. To fully harness the protective/therapeutic properties of HOCl, future advancements will rely on the development of new chemical compounds and sophisticated pharmaceutical formulations. Conclusions: The majority of clinical studies have confirmed that HOC1 is useful in therapy, although the results are not entirely consistent. Further research is essential to optimize HOCl dosing and to develop controlled-release systems aimed at maximizing its anti-inflammatory and photoprotective effects while minimizing tissue irritation and damage.},
}

@article {pmid41462903,
year = {2025},
author = {Młynarska, E and Hossa, K and Krupińska, N and Pietruszewska, H and Przybylak, A and Włudyka, K and Rysz, J and Franczyk, B},
title = {Atrial Fibrillation in COVID-19: Mechanisms, Clinical Impact, and Monitoring Strategies.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines13122889},
pmid = {41462903},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed a close and multifaceted relationship between viral infection, systemic inflammation, and cardiovascular health. Among the cardiac complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), atrial fibrillation (AF)-especially new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF)-has emerged as a major determinant of disease severity and prognosis. Clinical studies and meta-analyses show that 5-10% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients develop AF, with markedly higher rates in critically ill individuals. Both pre-existing and NOAF are independently associated with increased risks of intensive care admission, mechanical ventilation, thromboembolic events, and mortality. The underlying mechanisms involve a combination of cytokine-mediated inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, microvascular injury, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Viral downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors contributes to myocardial fibrosis, while hypoxia, oxidative stress, and autonomic imbalance further promote electrical remodeling and arrhythmogenesis. Post-infectious studies indicate that atrial structural changes and autonomic dysfunction may persist for months, predisposing survivors to recurrent arrhythmias. Technological advances in telecardiology and digital medicine have provided new tools for early detection and long-term monitoring. Wearable electroencephalography (ECG) devices, implantable loop recorders (ILRs), and artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic algorithms enable continuous rhythm surveillance and individualized management, improving outcomes in post-COVID patients. This review summarizes current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical implications, and monitoring strategies of AF in COVID-19. It underscores the importance of integrating telemedicine and AI-assisted diagnostics into cardiovascular care to mitigate the long-term arrhythmic and systemic consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}

@article {pmid41462874,
year = {2025},
author = {Halas, RG and Berceanu Vaduva, DM and Radulescu, M and Bredicean, AC and Mateescu, DM and Toma, AO and Cotet, IG and Guse, CE and Marginean, A and Margan, MM and Lazureanu, VE},
title = {Long COVID Prevalence and Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.},
journal = {Biomedicines},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biomedicines13122859},
pmid = {41462874},
issn = {2227-9059},
abstract = {Background: Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), affects millions globally, with persistent symptoms impacting quality of life. This meta-analysis synthesizes prospective cohort studies to estimate the prevalence of Long COVID symptoms and identify risk factors. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed for prospective cohort studies (2020-2025) on Long COVID, focusing on prevalence and risk factors. Studies with ≥100 participants and follow-up ≥3 months were included. Data were extracted on symptom prevalence (e.g., fatigue, dyspnoea) and risk factors (e.g., sex, hospitalization). Random-effects models were used to pool prevalence and odds ratios (OR). Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: Fourteen prospective studies (n = 168,679) were included. Pooled prevalence of Long COVID was 18.0% (95% CI: 12.5-23.5%, I[2] = 9.8%) among survivors followed for ≥6 months. Fatigue (41.0%, 95% CI: 33.2-49.4%) and dyspnoea (22.5%, 95% CI: 15.6-29.8%) were the most common symptoms. Female sex (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.25-1.92) and prior hospitalization (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.98-2.90) were significant risk factors. High heterogeneity (I[2] > 90%) was noted. Conclusions: Long COVID affects over one-fifth of SARS-CoV-2 survivors, with fatigue and dyspnoea persisting in many. Female sex and severe acute infection increase risk. Standardized definitions and longer follow-up are needed.},
}

@article {pmid41461731,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, Z and Li, Y and Chen, J and Guo, Q and Pan, Y and Liu, S and Liu, J and Luo, C},
title = {The occurrence of thromboembolism among patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {44783},
pmid = {41461731},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {X202410417056//the Jiangxi College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program and the Science/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; *Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology ; *Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology ; Pulmonary Embolism/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {The results of reported thrombosis occurrences in patients with COVID-19 are inconsistent. Objectives To elucidate the occurrence of thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients with different types. The search was conducted up to May 10, 2024. The observational studies reporting the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and/or arterial thromboembolism (ATE) in COVID-19 patients were included, which were independently evaluated by two researchers. The outcomes were VTE and ATE, including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The effect sizes were combined using a random-effects model with inverse variance weighting, and a 95% confidence interval was calculated through arcsine transformation. A total of 224 studies was included. The occurrence of VTE was 5.8% (95% CI, 5.0%-6.7%, I2 = 99.912%; 91 studies; 4,545,285 patients). The occurrence of VTE was higher in the intensive care unit compared to the ward (13.2%, 95% CI, 11.7%-14.7%; I2 = 96.840%; 47 studies; 172,571 patients, vs. 3.2%, 95% CI, 2.9%-3.5%; I2 = 95.714%; 40 studies; 1,046,738 patients; P < 0.001), and was even lower among outpatient and discharged cohorts (0.0%, 95% CI, 0.0%-0.0%; I2 = 99.410%; 10 studies; 2,566,194 patients, vs. 0.7%, 95% CI, 0.4%-1.1%; I2 = 98.924%; 16 studies; 828,884 patients; P < 0.001). In contrast, the occurrence of ATE was lower, which was 2.6% (95% CI, 1.8%-3.5%, I2 = 99.924%; 44 studies; 2,884,839 patients). This study found that COVID-19 patients had a relatively high risk of VTE and ATE, but with significant variations among different types. Consequently, the selection of anticoagulant measures for them should be careful.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
*Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology
*Venous Thromboembolism/epidemiology/etiology
Pulmonary Embolism/epidemiology
Risk Factors

@article {pmid41458994,
year = {2025},
author = {Malaeb, D and Mansour, S and Dia, N and Kassem, NM and Haddad, C and Dabbous, M and Ismail, O and Adel, F and Gamal, M and Lucca, JM and El Khatib, S and Salameh, P and Hallit, S and Hosseini, H},
title = {Scoping review about pathogenesis, risk factors, and treatment of venous and arterial thrombosis in coronavirus infection.},
journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1688115},
pmid = {41458994},
issn = {2297-055X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is now understood as a systemic illness marked by a distinctive coagulopathy that extends beyond its primary respiratory manifestations. Direct viral injury to the endothelium and an exaggerated inflammatory "cytokine storm" and complement activation disrupt normal hemostasis and create a prothrombotic environment. This scoping review aims to synthesize and compare the mechanisms, risk factors, and antithrombotic strategies associated with venous and arterial thrombosis in COVID-19.

METHODS: A scoping review of English-language studies indexed in PubMed/Medline, OVID, and Wiley Library was conducted from January 2020 to June 2024. Search terms related to COVID-19, thrombotic complications, pathophysiological mechanisms, and antithrombotic therapies were included. Clinical trials, cohort and retrospective observational studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and case reports are included. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts for relevance and extracted data to map current evidence on venous and arterial thrombosis in COVID-19.

RESULTS: COVID-19-related coagulation problems can cause both venous and arterial thrombosis. Venous thromboembolism, which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, occurs in about 4% to 15% of hospitalized patients and can increase to 30% in those in intensive care, even with standard prevention. Elevated D-dimer levels are strongly associated with a higher risk of clot formation. Arterial clots, like strokes or heart damage, are less common but generally more serious, caused by platelet activation, inflammation, and small vessel blockage rather than just slow blood flow in veins. Evidence indicates that low-molecular-weight heparin is the preferred anticoagulant because it reduces both inflammation and clotting. Therapeutic doses may be especially beneficial for high-risk patients, and continuing clot prevention after hospital discharge helps lower the risk of late clots without significantly increasing bleeding risk.

CONCLUSION: Recognition of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy underscores the necessity of early risk stratification and individualized anticoagulation to mitigate thrombotic events and improve outcomes. Extended post-discharge prophylaxis appears promising in reducing late thrombotic complications. Future research should aim to refine optimal anticoagulant regimens and determine ideal prophylaxis duration for COVID-19-related thrombosis to reduce morbidity and mortality rates.},
}

@article {pmid41458637,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohamed, A and Elasad, A and Fuad, U and Pengas, IP and Abdelazim, M},
title = {The Rise of Telemedicine in Orthopaedic Trauma Follow-Up Care and Its Long-Term Outcomes: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {e97896},
pmid = {41458637},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Telemedicine has rapidly transformed healthcare delivery, especially following the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated its use across nearly all medical specialties. Virtual consultations have become an integral part of patient follow-up and management in orthopedic trauma care. This review explores the evolution and current applications of telemedicine in orthopaedic trauma, highlighting its implementation and patient and clinician responses. We examine evidence comparing virtual and in-person care in terms of clinical outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility. This review also discusses the common barriers to adoption, practical solutions, and strategies that promote successful integration. Finally, we consider the long-term sustainability of telemedicine platforms and outline future directions for virtual orthopaedic trauma services. Together, these insights aim to guide ongoing efforts to optimize patient care delivery in the digital era.},
}

@article {pmid41458293,
year = {2025},
author = {Fagundes Silva, JK and Lins-Kusterer, L and Moreira, MBA and Carvalho, FM},
title = {Burnout in Dentists and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH},
volume = {21},
number = {},
pages = {e17450179400081},
pmid = {41458293},
issn = {1745-0179},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to identify and analyze research on burnout in dentists, measured both prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).

METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted across five databases using the search terms "Dentists" and "Burnout, Psychological." Articles published between 1981 and December 2024 that utilized the MBI were included. Studies were classified based on the time of data collection: either prior to or during the COVID-19 pandemic (defined as January 30, 2020, to May 5, 2023).

RESULTS: We selected 15 of the 1,486 articles identified. Eleven of these reported means and standard deviations for the burnout scales. Among them, eight calculated scale means and standard deviations according to the guidelines recommended in the MBI manual; six studies were conducted prior to the pandemic, and two during it. An initial analysis suggests that mean levels of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization increased during the pandemic, while mean levels of Personal Accomplishment remained comparable to pre-pandemic levels. However, five studies used different cutoff points to define low, moderate, or high burnout levels for each scale, limiting comparability across studies.

DISCUSSION: Few articles have adequately utilized the MBI to assess burnout in dental surgeons either before or during the COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCLUSION: Theoretical arguments suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic may have adversely affected burnout levels in dentists. However, the studies we analyzed offer only limited evidence supporting an increase in the burnout dimensions of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization during the pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid41458164,
year = {2025},
author = {Richardson, T and Ashworth, S and Sood, M and McKell, E and Maguire, N and Alwan, NA and Smith, D},
title = {The relationship between financial disruption during the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of public health research},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {22799036251395263},
pmid = {41458164},
issn = {2279-9028},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Financial difficulties are associated with poor mental health. This paper aimed to systematically review the impact of COVID-19 related financial difficulties on mental health in adults.

METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across Web of Science, Medline, and PsycINFO, from March 2020 to March 2023 to identify studies examining the mental health impact of COVID-19 related financial disruption in adults. We performed two meta-analyses to quantify the effect of income loss due to the pandemic on anxiety and depression. Studies were rated using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute was used.

RESULTS: A total of 2659 papers were identified of which 76 (59 cross-sectional and 17 longitudinal) met inclusion criteria. The results show that COVID-19 related financial disruption (income loss and financial stress) negatively impact mental health across a range of adult populations globally, including the general population, students, and other specific groups. The meta-analyses examined data from 278,854 participants from 15 studies indicated that those who lost income reported greater anxiety levels than those who did not experience income loss. Similarly for 268,128 participants across 16 studies, a meta-analysis showed greater depression symptoms for those experiencing income loss.

CONCLUSION: COVID-related financial constraints, both objective and subjective, are associated with poor mental health outcomes (particularly anxiety and depression) in various populations around the world. The results highlight the need for targeted clinical interventions for those experiencing mental health problems linked to financial problems during global crises.},
}

@article {pmid41456955,
year = {2025},
author = {Hao, H and Chen, D and Qian, C and Zhou, X and Peng, X and Wang, G and Tang, J and Liu, HX},
title = {Immune Inflammation at the Crossroads of Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Stroke: Mechanisms, Trends, and Translational Perspectives.},
journal = {CNS neuroscience & therapeutics},
volume = {31},
number = {12},
pages = {e70712},
pmid = {41456955},
issn = {1755-5949},
support = {2024PY-NS-027//the National Natural Science Foundation of China Cultivation Project/ ; 2024ZYYC113//National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Ischemic Stroke/immunology ; *Atherosclerosis/immunology ; *Inflammation/immunology ; *Translational Research, Biomedical/trends ; Animals ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder and a major cause of ischemic stroke. Immune-mediated mechanisms are increasingly recognized as central in this continuum, yet the global research landscape and its clinical translation remain insufficiently characterized.

METHODS: We conducted a multi-level bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science Core Collection and MEDLINE. Searches targeted atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, and immunity, restricted to English-language articles and reviews. After screening, 1760 WoSCC records and 708 human-only MEDLINE articles were analyzed with VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix. Comparative assessment between China and the United States examined differences in research output, thematic focus, and methodological orientation.

RESULTS: Global publications rose steadily from 1999 to 2025, peaking in 2022. Inflammation, atherosclerosis, and ischemic stroke were the dominant themes, with growing interest in causal inference (e.g., Mendelian randomization) and translational biomarkers. China showed rapid post-2015 growth with focus on immune-cell mechanisms, while the United States maintained leadership in scholarly impact, clinical orientation, and collaboration. Human-only studies confirmed these patterns and highlighted emerging topics such as microRNAs, COVID-19, insulin resistance, and lipoprotein(a).

CONCLUSIONS: Research has shifted from associative links to mechanistic insights and early translational strategies. However, gaps remain between molecular and clinical domains, and causal pathways are underdeveloped. Future work should emphasize molecular-clinical integration, expand immunological targets, apply multi-omics and AI approaches, and strengthen international collaboration-particularly between China and the United States-to advance precision prevention and intervention in atherosclerotic ischemic stroke.},
}

Humans
*Ischemic Stroke/immunology
*Atherosclerosis/immunology
*Inflammation/immunology
*Translational Research, Biomedical/trends
Animals

@article {pmid41455627,
year = {2025},
author = {Yasuda, H and Ando, J and Ando, M},
title = {Persistent COVID-19 in Patients With Hematological Malignancies: A Focused Review in the Omicron Era.},
journal = {Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clml.2025.11.009},
pmid = {41455627},
issn = {2152-2669},
abstract = {COVID-19 is a threat to patients with hematological malignancies (HM) even in the Omicron era, because mortality rates are still high in HM patients, and a significant number of patients develop a protracted disease course called "persistent COVID-19 (pCOVID-19)" which can continue for weeks to months. pCOVID-19 can be life-threatening by itself, but also drastically affects the disease course of the underlying HM by delaying or terminating chemotherapy. Also, patients with pCOVID-19 can be potentially contagious, and timing of ending isolation is a dilemma the hematology ward faces. Furthermore, pCOVID-19 has been reported to lead to acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 multidrug-resistant mutations, which is an alarming issue for both the patient and public health. The optimal management method of pCOVID-19 is currently unknown, and because HM patients are excluded from randomized clinical trials, evidence is limited to case reports and small case series. We carried out a comprehensive literature review of Omicron pCOVID-19 occurring in HM patients, compiled the scattered evidence, and provide practical recommendations which can be of guide to clinicians. Main topics discussed within this review include efficacy of vaccinations in HM patients, risk factors for developing pCOVID-19 (B-cell depleting agents, bendamustine + rituximab therapy, bispecific T-cell engagers, etc.), treatment of pCOVID-19 including extended/sequential/combination therapy incorporating antivirals (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, molnupiravir, and ensitrelvir) and convalescent plasma/intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, monitoring pCOVID-19 with reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, and optimal target cycle threshold values as goals of therapy.},
}

@article {pmid41455447,
year = {2025},
author = {Albertson, FA and Alnakhi, W and Barksdale, S and Taylor, SS and Criss, S and Friedman, DB and Kemper, KA and Donelle, L and Thompson, W and MacGilvray, P and Natafgi, N},
title = {Teach-back techniques in telehealth: A review and insights for future directions.},
journal = {Patient education and counseling},
volume = {144},
number = {},
pages = {109453},
doi = {10.1016/j.pec.2025.109453},
pmid = {41455447},
issn = {1873-5134},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The rapid expansion of telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic has created new challenges in patient-provider communication due to the absence of in-person interactions and visual cues. Teach-back, a method where patients repeat information to confirm understanding, is a promising tool for improving communication in virtual care. This review evaluates the effectiveness of teach-back techniques in telehealth settings.

METHODS: A search of four databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed) was conducted, yielding 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The article inclusion/exclusion criteria consisted of the following: (1) telehealth services topic; (2) direction provision related to teach-back; and (3) English, peer-reviewed, empirical journal publication. Risk of bias in included studies was assessed using established tools for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs), and qualitative studies. Data synthesis followed the PICO framework, and thematic analysis was used to compare outcomes across studies.

RESULTS: Included studies which varied in design, modality, and telehealth specialty. Teach-back was consistently associated with improved patient knowledge, confidence, and self-management, as well as clinical outcomes such as better glycemic control and medication adherence. Overall evidence quality was moderate, with common limitations including small sample sizes and brief follow-up periods.

Teach-back is effective in enhancing patient understanding and outcomes in telehealth settings. However, variability in study design and implementation highlights the need for standardized protocols and additional research. Provider training in effective virtual teach-back strategies may enhance patient comprehension, strengthen communication, and advance health equity in telehealth delivery.},
}

@article {pmid41455394,
year = {2025},
author = {Reid, JC and Semrau, JS and O'Grady, HK and Hoogenes, J and Gill, J and Hasan, H and von Teichman, S and Bogdanova, Y and McKenney, S and Sokol, O and Pereira, TJ and Dannenberg, VC and Farley, C and Junior, JC and Deis, A and Williamson, D and Herridge, M and Kho, M},
title = {Rehabilitation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Australian critical care : official journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses},
volume = {39},
number = {1},
pages = {101500},
doi = {10.1016/j.aucc.2025.101500},
pmid = {41455394},
issn = {1036-7314},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Before the pandemic, intensive care unit rehabilitation was common. However, for critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection, rehabilitation became secondary to lifesaving measures and managing scarce resources.

OBJECTIVE: In this systematic review, we investigated the impact of rehabilitation for critically ill adults with COVID-19 infection on outcomes.

DATA SOURCES: Five electronic databases from 2020 to 2024 were searched for this study.

STUDY SELECTION: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomised studies of critically ill adults with COVID-19 infection receiving in-hospital rehabilitation interventions were included in this study.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two independent reviewers screened titles/abstracts and full texts. Intervention types were organised into 13 categories. We assessed completeness of study reporting using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines and intervention reporting using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template. For RCTs, we assessed risk of bias, conducted meta-analyses using random-effect models, and evaluated certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: There were 11 prespecified outcomes including physical function and resource utilisation.

RESULTS: Sixty-eight studies (n = 50 observational, 8 RCTs, 4 experimental non-RCTs, and 6 other designs) enrolling 23,630 participants met inclusion criteria. Thirty-one reported interventions; mobility was the most common activity (74% of studies). Authors used 87 outcome measures at 57 reported time points. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology scores were adequate with >75% items reported. Mean Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template reporting for intervention (n = 45) was moderate (54% [23%]), and that for control groups (n = 11) was poor (48% [20%]). Risk of bias was low; very-low-certainty evidence showed that multidisciplinary functional and respiratory rehabilitation and bed cycling + tilt table may result in shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (2 RCTs, n = 116, intervention = 9.1 days, control = 11.7 days; standardised mean difference: 0.44 days [95% confidence interval: -0.81 to-0.07]) and shorter hospital length of stay (three RCTs, n = 116, intervention = 17.6-days, control = 26.2-days; standardised mean difference: 2 days [95% confidence interval: -4.22 to 0.04]).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Based on very-low-certainty evidence, rehabilitation may lead to shorter mechanical ventilation duration and hospital length of stay. Substantial heterogeneity across interventions, outcomes, and time points limited evidence synthesis. This review may aid in planning future rehabilitation studies with critically ill patients and for future pandemics where rehabilitation will have an important role.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42023340256.},
}

@article {pmid41454696,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, XM and Bian, H and Chen, ZN},
title = {CD147/Basigin: From Integrative Molecular Hub to Translational Therapeutic Target.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e18884},
doi = {10.1002/advs.202518884},
pmid = {41454696},
issn = {2198-3844},
support = {92169211//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82130084//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023-JC-YB-166//Shaanxi Natural Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {CD147 (Basigin/EMMPRIN), a multifunctional member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), is a critical regulator of tumor progression, immune modulation, and metabolic adaptation. Under physiological conditions, it acts as a dynamic scaffold, interacting with monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), integrins, and cyclophilin A (CyPA) to orchestrate spermatogenesis, embryo implantation, and neural network function. Pathological overexpression of CD147 induces the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metabolic reprogramming, and immune evasion, functioning as an independent prognostic biomarker in multiple malignancies. Beyond oncology, CD147 is exploited as an entry receptor for pathogens, including SARS‑CoV‑2, HIV‑1, Plasmodium falciparum, and contributes mechanistically to cardiovascular, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, CD147 acts as a fundamental "Energy-Structure Coupler," coordinating metabolic flux (via MCTs) with morphogenetic plasticity (via integrins/MMPs) to maintain cellular homeostasis. This review summarizes current insights into CD147's molecular structure, isoforms, post-translational modifications, and signaling pathways, highlighting its pivotal roles across cancer, infection, autoimmunity, and cardiovascular disease. Finally, we discuss challenges such as the "specificity paradox" and propose emerging strategies to exploit CD147 as a precision biomarker and therapeutic target across diverse diseases.},
}