@article {pmid29297886,
year = {2017},
author = {Harper, PS},
title = {Activities and initiatives of the renewed European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG) (1992-2017).},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S2-S5},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.141},
pmid = {29297886},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Awards and Prizes ; Cloning, Organism/*ethics ; Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Experimentation/*ethics ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower/trends ; Humans ; Patents as Topic ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Awards and Prizes
Cloning, Organism/*ethics
Europe
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Experimentation/*ethics
Human Genetics/*history/manpower/trends
Humans
Patents as Topic
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297885,
year = {2017},
author = {Cassiman, JJ},
title = {EuroGentest NoE, the ESHG, and genetic services.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S47-S49},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.155},
pmid = {29297885},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Committee Membership ; Databases, Genetic ; Europe ; Genetic Counseling/*organization & administration ; Genetic Testing/*methods ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower ; Humans ; Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Committee Membership
Databases, Genetic
Europe
Genetic Counseling/*organization & administration
Genetic Testing/*methods
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower
Humans
Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297884,
year = {2017},
author = {Donnai, D},
title = {Dysmorphology and the ESHG.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S33-S34},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.161},
pmid = {29297884},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Congenital Abnormalities/*diagnosis/genetics/history/pathology ; Consensus Development Conferences as Topic ; Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/*methods ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Congenital Abnormalities/*diagnosis/genetics/history/pathology
Consensus Development Conferences as Topic
Europe
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower
Humans
Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/*methods
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297883,
year = {2017},
author = {Brunner, H},
title = {The annual meeting 1988-2017.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S35-S36},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.150},
pmid = {29297883},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {*Congresses as Topic ; Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower ; Humans ; Organizational Policy ; *Posters as Topic ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

*Congresses as Topic
Europe
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower
Humans
Organizational Policy
*Posters as Topic
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297882,
year = {2017},
author = {Pignatti, PF and Ramos, FJ},
title = {Involving the European National Human Genetics Societies.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S39-S42},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.152},
pmid = {29297882},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Committee Membership ; *Congresses as Topic ; Europe ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower ; Humans ; Societies, Scientific/*history/statistics & numerical data ; },
}

Committee Membership
*Congresses as Topic
Europe
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower
Humans
Societies, Scientific/*history/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid29297881,
year = {2017},
author = {Pembrey, M},
title = {The creation of the International Federation of Human Genetics Societies in 1995-1996.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S43-S44},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.153},
pmid = {29297881},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Committee Membership ; History, 20th Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower ; Humans ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; World Health Organization ; },
}

Committee Membership
History, 20th Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower
Humans
*Practice Guidelines as Topic
Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration
World Health Organization

@article {pmid29297880,
year = {2017},
author = {Cassiman, JJ},
title = {The growth of the IFHGS after 2000.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S45-S46},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.154},
pmid = {29297880},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Committee Membership ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Committee Membership
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower
Humans
International Cooperation
Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297879,
year = {2017},
author = {Aymé, S and Cornel, MC},
title = {The development of the public and professional policy committee.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S29-S32},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.160},
pmid = {29297879},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Databases, Nucleic Acid/history/organization & administration ; Europe ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/history/instrumentation/methods ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; *Organizational Policy ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Databases, Nucleic Acid/history/organization & administration
Europe
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/history/instrumentation/methods
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower
Human Genome Project/history
Humans
*Organizational Policy
*Practice Guidelines as Topic
Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297878,
year = {2017},
author = {van Ommen, G},
title = {The development and growth of EJHG 1995-2017.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S23-S26},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.146},
pmid = {29297878},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower ; Humans ; *Organizational Policy ; Professional Staff Committees/history/organization & administration ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Europe
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower
Humans
*Organizational Policy
Professional Staff Committees/history/organization & administration
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297877,
year = {2017},
author = {Read, AP},
title = {Read's Recall: Shuffling abstracts - and foundations.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S27-S28},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.149},
pmid = {29297877},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower ; Humans ; *Organizational Policy ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Abstracting and Indexing as Topic
Europe
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower
Humans
*Organizational Policy
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297876,
year = {2017},
author = {Skirton, H},
title = {The European Board of Medical Genetics: development of a professional registration system in Europe.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S51-S52},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.158},
pmid = {29297876},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Committee Membership ; Europe ; Genetic Counseling/*organization & administration ; Genetic Testing/methods ; Genetics, Medical/*history/manpower ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; Specialty Boards/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Committee Membership
Europe
Genetic Counseling/*organization & administration
Genetic Testing/methods
Genetics, Medical/*history/manpower
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration
Specialty Boards/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297875,
year = {2017},
author = {Kristoffersson, U and Macek, M},
title = {From Mendel to Medical Genetics.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S53-S59},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.157},
pmid = {29297875},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Committee Membership ; Europe ; Genetic Counseling/*organization & administration ; Genetic Testing/methods ; Genetics, Medical/*history/manpower ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; Specialty Boards/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Committee Membership
Europe
Genetic Counseling/*organization & administration
Genetic Testing/methods
Genetics, Medical/*history/manpower
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration
Specialty Boards/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297874,
year = {2017},
author = {Houge, G and Del Picchia, J},
title = {The inner life and structure of ESHG.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S16-S19},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.144},
pmid = {29297874},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Congresses as Topic ; Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower ; Humans ; Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Congresses as Topic
Europe
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower
Humans
Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297873,
year = {2017},
author = {van Ommen, G and Rice, M},
title = {The ESHG's second quarter century: consolidation and growth-the period covering 1992-2017.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S1},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.140},
pmid = {29297873},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Europe ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower/trends ; Humans ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Europe
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower/trends
Humans
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297872,
year = {2017},
author = {Pembrey, M},
title = {Those wonderful school days in Sestri Levante!.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S13-S15},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.143},
pmid = {29297872},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Congresses as Topic ; Europe ; Genetics, Medical/*history/manpower ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Societies, Scientific/*history ; },
}

Congresses as Topic
Europe
Genetics, Medical/*history/manpower
History, 20th Century
Humans
Societies, Scientific/*history

@article {pmid29297871,
year = {2017},
author = {Kääriäinen, H and Houge, G},
title = {Secretary Generals on recent ESHG presidents (2003-2015).},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S20-S22},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.145},
pmid = {29297871},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Europe ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower ; Humans ; Personnel Management/*manpower ; Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Europe
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower
Humans
Personnel Management/*manpower
Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297870,
year = {2017},
author = {Romeo, G and Passarge, E and de la Chapelle, A},
title = {The early years of the ESHG leading to the reform of 1988 and the spirit of the Sestri Levante school.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S6-S12},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.142},
pmid = {29297870},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Europe ; Genetics, Medical/*history/manpower/trends ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Europe
Genetics, Medical/*history/manpower/trends
History, 20th Century
Humans
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297869,
year = {2017},
author = {Burn, J},
title = {Recognition of clinical genetics in Europe.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S50},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.156},
pmid = {29297869},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Committee Membership ; Europe ; Genetic Counseling/*organization & administration ; Genetic Testing/*methods ; Genetics, Medical/*history/manpower ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Committee Membership
Europe
Genetic Counseling/*organization & administration
Genetic Testing/*methods
Genetics, Medical/*history/manpower
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29297868,
year = {2017},
author = {Wirth, B},
title = {Commemoration of 15 years ESHG SPC member and chair from 2009 to 2016.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {25},
number = {s2},
pages = {S37-S38},
doi = {10.1038/ejhg.2017.151},
pmid = {29297868},
issn = {1476-5438},
mesh = {Committee Membership ; *Congresses as Topic ; Europe ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/manpower ; Humans ; Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration ; Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration ; },
}

Committee Membership
*Congresses as Topic
Europe
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/manpower
Humans
Professional Staff Committees/*history/organization & administration
Societies, Scientific/*history/organization & administration

@article {pmid29029161,
year = {2017},
author = {},
title = {Society for Glycobiology Awards-2017.},
journal = {Glycobiology},
volume = {27},
number = {12},
pages = {1077-1080},
doi = {10.1093/glycob/cwx085},
pmid = {29029161},
issn = {1460-2423},
mesh = {*Awards and Prizes ; Glycomics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Societies, Scientific ; },
}

*Awards and Prizes
Glycomics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
*Societies, Scientific

@article {pmid28531294,
year = {2017},
author = {Kanagawa, M and Manya, H},
title = {Tatsushi Toda and Tamao Endo win 107th Japan Academy Prize.},
journal = {Glycobiology},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {599-600},
doi = {10.1093/glycob/cwx040},
pmid = {28531294},
issn = {1460-2423},
mesh = {*Awards and Prizes ; Glycomics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Portraits as Topic ; },
}

*Awards and Prizes
Glycomics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Portraits as Topic

@article {pmid29457551,
year = {2018},
author = {},
title = {Alternative Genetics.},
journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {537-539},
doi = {10.1096/fj.180201ufm},
pmid = {29457551},
issn = {1530-6860},
mesh = {Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; },
}

Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
Humans

@article {pmid29526494,
year = {2018},
author = {Jones, ED},
title = {Ancient DNA: a history of the science before Jurassic Park.},
journal = {Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences},
volume = {68-69},
number = {},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.1016/j.shpsc.2018.02.001},
pmid = {29526494},
issn = {1879-2499},
mesh = {Animals ; *DNA, Ancient ; Extinction, Biological ; *Fossils ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Invertebrates/genetics ; Plants/genetics ; Vertebrates/genetics ; },
}

Animals
*DNA, Ancient
Extinction, Biological
*Fossils
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
Invertebrates/genetics
Plants/genetics
Vertebrates/genetics

@article {pmid29137849,
year = {2018},
author = {Kleinman, K},
title = {Genera, evolution, and botanists in 1940: Edgar Anderson's "Survey of Modern Opinion".},
journal = {Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences},
volume = {67},
number = {},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1016/j.shpsc.2017.11.001},
pmid = {29137849},
issn = {1879-2499},
mesh = {*Biological Evolution ; Botany/*history ; Cell Biology/history ; Classification/*methods ; Genetics/history ; History, 20th Century ; Missouri ; Plants/*classification/genetics ; },
}

*Biological Evolution
Botany/*history
Cell Biology/history
Classification/*methods
Genetics/history
History, 20th Century
Missouri
Plants/*classification/genetics

@article {pmid29117019,
year = {2017},
author = {Smoller, JW},
title = {A Quarter Century of Progress in Psychiatric Genetics.},
journal = {Harvard review of psychiatry},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {256-258},
doi = {10.1097/HRP.0000000000000180},
pmid = {29117019},
issn = {1465-7309},
mesh = {*Genetics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*genetics ; *Psychiatry/history ; },
}

*Genetics/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Mental Disorders/*genetics
*Psychiatry/history

@article {pmid29299965,
year = {2017},
author = {Taskent, RO and Gokcumen, O},
title = {The Multiple Histories of Western Asia: Perspectives from Ancient and Modern Genomes.},
journal = {Human biology},
volume = {89},
number = {2},
pages = {107-117},
pmid = {29299965},
issn = {1534-6617},
mesh = {Africa/ethnology ; Anthropology/history ; Archaeology/history ; Asia/ethnology ; Asia, Western/ethnology ; Continental Population Groups/*genetics ; Europe/ethnology ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Genomics/*history/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; Human Migration/history ; Humans ; Sedentary Lifestyle/ethnology ; },
abstract = {Western Asia lies at the heart of the Old World, in the midst of Africa, Asia, and Europe. As such, this region has been populated and repopulated by myriad peoples, starting with the first migrants from Africa. All evidence points to Western Asia for the beginnings of sedentary life, and indeed, first the villages and later the cities of this land remain as archaeological wonders, revealing complex histories of multiple peoples and their interactions. With the wondrous breakthroughs in genomic studies, we now have the power to look at these histories with a truly quantitative lens. Here, we review the recent anthropological genomics literature pertaining to this region, with an outlook for the future challenges and exciting possibilities for the field.},
}

Africa/ethnology
Anthropology/history
Archaeology/history
Asia/ethnology
Asia, Western/ethnology
Continental Population Groups/*genetics
Europe/ethnology
Genetic Variation/*genetics
Genomics/*history/trends
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
History, Ancient
Human Migration/history
Humans
Sedentary Lifestyle/ethnology

@article {pmid29299963,
year = {2017},
author = {Vukelic, A and Cohen, JA and Sullivan, AP and Perry, GH},
title = {Extending Genome-Wide Association Study Results to Test Classic Anthropological Hypotheses: Human Third Molar Agenesis and the "Probable Mutation Effect".},
journal = {Human biology},
volume = {89},
number = {2},
pages = {157-169},
pmid = {29299963},
issn = {1534-6617},
mesh = {Adult ; Animals ; Anodontia/*epidemiology/history ; Anthropology/history ; Biological Evolution ; Brain/anatomy & histology ; Facial Bones/anatomy & histology ; Genetics, Population/history ; Genome-Wide Association Study/*methods ; Genomics/methods ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/genetics ; Humans ; Japan/epidemiology ; Molar, Third/*abnormalities ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Probability ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Tooth, Impacted/*genetics ; },
abstract = {A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identifies regions of the genome that likely affect the variable state of a phenotype of interest. These regions can then be studied with population genetic methods to make inferences about the evolutionary history of the trait. There are increasing opportunities to use GWAS results-even from clinically motivated studies-for tests of classic anthropological hypotheses. One such example, presented here as a case study for this approach, involves tooth development variation related to dental crowding. Specifically, more than 10% of humans fail to develop one or more permanent third molars (M3 agenesis). M3 presence/absence variation within human populations has a significant genetic component (heritability estimate h 2 = 0.47). The evolutionary significance of M3 agenesis has a long history of anthropological speculation. First, the modern frequency of M3 agenesis could reflect a relaxation of selection pressure to retain larger and more teeth following the origins of cooking and other food-softening behaviors (i.e., the genetic drift hypothesis or, classically, the "probable mutation effect"). Alternatively, commensurate with increasing hominin brain size and facial shortening, M3 agenesis may have conferred an adaptive fitness advantage if it reduced the risk of M3 impaction and potential health complications (i.e., the positive selection hypothesis). A recent GWAS identified 70 genetic loci that may play a role in human M3 presence/absence variation. To begin evaluating the contrasting evolutionary scenarios for M3 agenesis, we used the integrated haplotype score (iHS) statistic to test whether those 70 genetic regions are enriched for genomic signatures of recent positive selection. None of our findings are inconsistent with the null hypothesis of genetic drift to explain the high prevalence of human M3 agenesis. This result might suggest that M3 impaction rates for modern humans do not accurately retrodict those of the preagricultural past. Alternatively, the absence of support for the positive selection hypothesis could reflect a lack of power; this analysis should be repeated following the completion of more comprehensive GWAS analyses for human M3 agenesis.},
}

Adult
Animals
Anodontia/*epidemiology/history
Anthropology/history
Biological Evolution
Brain/anatomy & histology
Facial Bones/anatomy & histology
Genetics, Population/history
Genome-Wide Association Study/*methods
Genomics/methods
History, Ancient
Hominidae/genetics
Humans
Japan/epidemiology
Molar, Third/*abnormalities
Mutation
Phenotype
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
Probability
Republic of Korea/epidemiology
Tooth, Impacted/*genetics

@article {pmid29283633,
year = {2017},
author = {},
title = {Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology: Kathryn Paige Harden.},
journal = {The American psychologist},
volume = {72},
number = {9},
pages = {898-900},
doi = {10.1037/amp0000271},
pmid = {29283633},
issn = {1935-990X},
mesh = {*Awards and Prizes ; Genetics, Behavioral/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Development ; Humans ; Psychology/*history ; United States ; },
abstract = {The APA Awards for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology recognize psychologists who have demonstrated excellence early in their careers and have held a doctoral degree for no more than 9 years. One of the 2017 award winners is Kathryn Paige Harden, for demonstrating "how to integrate genetic knowledge with the classical clinical and developmental insights into human behavior." Harden's award citation, biography, and a selected bibliography are presented here. (PsycINFO Database Record},
}

*Awards and Prizes
Genetics, Behavioral/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Development
Humans
Psychology/*history
United States

@article {pmid29283628,
year = {2017},
author = {},
title = {Distinguished Scientific Contributions: Robert Plomin.},
journal = {The American psychologist},
volume = {72},
number = {9},
pages = {885-887},
doi = {10.1037/amp0000268},
pmid = {29283628},
issn = {1935-990X},
mesh = {*Awards and Prizes ; Genetics, Behavioral/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Psychology/*history ; United States ; },
abstract = {The American Psychological Association Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions are presented to persons who, in the opinion of the Committee on Scientific Awards, have made distinguished theoretical or empirical contributions to basic research in psychology. Robert Plomin is a recipient of the 2017 award "for leading the transformation of behavioral genetics from an isolated and sometimes vilified scientific outpost to a fully integrated mainstay of scientific psychology." Plomin's award citation, biography, and a selected bibliography are presented here. (PsycINFO Database Record},
}

*Awards and Prizes
Genetics, Behavioral/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Psychology/*history
United States

@article {pmid30200806,
year = {2018},
author = {Lieberman, J},
title = {Unveiling the RNA World.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {379},
number = {13},
pages = {1278-1280},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMcibr1808725},
pmid = {30200806},
issn = {1533-4406},
mesh = {*Awards and Prizes ; Female ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mentors/*history ; Molecular Biology/*history ; *RNA/physiology ; RNA, Small Untranslated/physiology ; Sexism/prevention & control ; United States ; },
}

*Awards and Prizes
Female
History, 21st Century
Humans
Mentors/*history
Molecular Biology/*history
*RNA/physiology
RNA, Small Untranslated/physiology
Sexism/prevention & control
United States

@article {pmid29487143,
year = {2018},
author = {Salzano, FM},
title = {The Evolution of Science in a Latin-American Country: Genetics and Genomics in Brazil.},
journal = {Genetics},
volume = {208},
number = {3},
pages = {823-832},
doi = {10.1534/genetics.118.300690},
pmid = {29487143},
issn = {1943-2631},
mesh = {Brazil ; *Genetics/history ; *Genomics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Science/history ; },
abstract = {This article begins with a brief overview of the history of Brazil and that of Brazilian science, from the European discovery of the country in 1500 up to the early 21st century. The history of the fields of genetics and genomics, from the 1930s, is then first examined from the focal point of the lives and publications of the three persons who are generally considered to be the founders of genetics in Brazil (C. A. Krug, F. G. Brieger, and A. Dreyfus), and then by 12 other researchers up to 1999. The area of molecular genetics and genomics from 2000 to present is then described. Despite the problems of underdevelopment and the periodical political and economic crises that have affected life in Brazil, the fields of genetics and genomics in Brazil can be regarded as having developed at an appropriate pace, and have contributed in several major ways to world science.},
}

Brazil
*Genetics/history
*Genomics/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
*Science/history

@article {pmid29244564,
year = {2018},
author = {},
title = {2017 American Society of Naturalists Awards.},
journal = {The American naturalist},
volume = {191},
number = {1},
pages = {vi-viii},
doi = {10.1086/694904},
pmid = {29244564},
issn = {1537-5323},
mesh = {*Awards and Prizes ; Ecology/*history ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Societies, Scientific ; United States ; },
}

*Awards and Prizes
Ecology/*history
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Societies, Scientific
United States

@article {pmid28460027,
year = {2017},
author = {Cooper, TG},
title = {Editorial: Saccharomyces riding the waves of technology and transition.},
journal = {FEMS yeast research},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/femsyr/fox024},
pmid = {28460027},
issn = {1567-1364},
support = {R01 GM035642/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Genetics, Microbial/history/*methods/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/history/*methods/trends ; Mycology/history/*methods/trends ; Saccharomyces/*genetics/*physiology ; },
}

Genetics, Microbial/history/*methods/trends
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/history/*methods/trends
Mycology/history/*methods/trends
Saccharomyces/*genetics/*physiology

@article {pmid29688222,
year = {2018},
author = {Jarvik, GP},
title = {Arno G. Motulsky, MD (1923-2018): Holocaust survivor who cofounded the field of medical genetics.},
journal = {Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {477-479},
doi = {10.1038/gim.2018.55},
pmid = {29688222},
issn = {1530-0366},
mesh = {*Famous Persons ; France ; *Genetics, Medical/history ; Germany ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; United States ; },
}

*Famous Persons
France
*Genetics, Medical/history
Germany
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
United States

@article {pmid29663716,
year = {2018},
author = {Elloumi-Zghal, H and Chaabouni Bouhamed, H},
title = {Genetics and genomic medicine in Tunisia.},
journal = {Molecular genetics & genomic medicine},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {134-159},
doi = {10.1002/mgg3.392},
pmid = {29663716},
issn = {2324-9269},
mesh = {Delivery of Health Care/trends ; Genetics/history/*trends ; Genomics/history/*trends ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Medicine/trends ; Tunisia/epidemiology ; },
}

Delivery of Health Care/trends
Genetics/history/*trends
Genomics/history/*trends
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Medicine/trends
Tunisia/epidemiology

@article {pmid29663715,
year = {2018},
author = {Leppig, KA},
title = {Collaborations in medical genetics: 10-Year history of an ongoing Vietnamese-North American Collaboration.},
journal = {Molecular genetics & genomic medicine},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {129-133},
doi = {10.1002/mgg3.383},
pmid = {29663715},
issn = {2324-9269},
mesh = {Education ; Genetics/education/history ; Genetics, Medical/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; International Cooperation/history ; Intersectoral Collaboration ; Social Behavior ; United States ; Vietnam ; },
}

Education
Genetics/education/history
Genetics, Medical/*trends
History, 20th Century
Humans
International Cooperation/history
Intersectoral Collaboration
Social Behavior
United States
Vietnam

@article {pmid29483247,
year = {2018},
author = {Palkopoulou, E and Lipson, M and Mallick, S and Nielsen, S and Rohland, N and Baleka, S and Karpinski, E and Ivancevic, AM and To, TH and Kortschak, RD and Raison, JM and Qu, Z and Chin, TJ and Alt, KW and Claesson, S and Dalén, L and MacPhee, RDE and Meller, H and Roca, AL and Ryder, OA and Heiman, D and Young, S and Breen, M and Williams, C and Aken, BL and Ruffier, M and Karlsson, E and Johnson, J and Di Palma, F and Alfoldi, J and Adelson, DL and Mailund, T and Munch, K and Lindblad-Toh, K and Hofreiter, M and Poinar, H and Reich, D},
title = {A comprehensive genomic history of extinct and living elephants.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {115},
number = {11},
pages = {E2566-E2574},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1720554115},
pmid = {29483247},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {//Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; R01 GM100233/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; /HHMI/Howard Hughes Medical Institute/United States ; WT098051//Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; WT108749/Z/15/Z//Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Elephants/classification/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Extinction, Biological ; Fossils ; Gene Flow ; Genome ; Genomics/history ; History, Ancient ; Mammoths/classification/*genetics ; Mastodons/classification/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Elephantids are the world's most iconic megafaunal family, yet there is no comprehensive genomic assessment of their relationships. We report a total of 14 genomes, including 2 from the American mastodon, which is an extinct elephantid relative, and 12 spanning all three extant and three extinct elephantid species including an ∼120,000-y-old straight-tusked elephant, a Columbian mammoth, and woolly mammoths. Earlier genetic studies modeled elephantid evolution via simple bifurcating trees, but here we show that interspecies hybridization has been a recurrent feature of elephantid evolution. We found that the genetic makeup of the straight-tusked elephant, previously placed as a sister group to African forest elephants based on lower coverage data, in fact comprises three major components. Most of the straight-tusked elephant's ancestry derives from a lineage related to the ancestor of African elephants while its remaining ancestry consists of a large contribution from a lineage related to forest elephants and another related to mammoths. Columbian and woolly mammoths also showed evidence of interbreeding, likely following a latitudinal cline across North America. While hybridization events have shaped elephantid history in profound ways, isolation also appears to have played an important role. Our data reveal nearly complete isolation between the ancestors of the African forest and savanna elephants for ∼500,000 y, providing compelling justification for the conservation of forest and savanna elephants as separate species.},
}

Animals
Elephants/classification/*genetics
Evolution, Molecular
Extinction, Biological
Fossils
Gene Flow
Genome
Genomics/history
History, Ancient
Mammoths/classification/*genetics
Mastodons/classification/*genetics
Phylogeny

@article {pmid28418759,
year = {2017},
author = {Chen, SL},
title = {Virulence profile: Swaine L. Chen.},
journal = {Virulence},
volume = {8},
number = {5},
pages = {494-496},
doi = {10.1080/21505594.2017.1317998},
pmid = {28418759},
issn = {2150-5608},
mesh = {*Computational Biology/history ; *Genomics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; *Synthetic Biology/history ; Urinary Tract Infections/genetics/microbiology ; Uropathogenic Escherichia coli ; },
}

*Computational Biology/history
*Genomics/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Male
*Synthetic Biology/history
Urinary Tract Infections/genetics/microbiology
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

@article {pmid29082852,
year = {2017},
author = {Calabrese, EJ},
title = {A glance into how the cold war and governmental loyalty investigations came to affect a leading U.S. radiation geneticist: Lewis J. Stadler's nightmare.},
journal = {Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {8},
doi = {10.1186/s13010-017-0050-z},
pmid = {29082852},
issn = {1747-5341},
mesh = {History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *Politics ; *Radiation Genetics/history ; United States ; },
abstract = {This paper describes an episode in the life of the prominent plant radiation geneticist, Lewis J. Stadler (1897-1954) during which he became a target of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) concerning loyalty to the United States due to possible associations with the communist party. The research is based on considerable private correspondence of Dr. Stadler, the FBI interrogatory questions and Dr. Stadler's answers and letters of support for Dr. Stadler by leading scientists such as, Hermann J. Muller.},
}

History, 20th Century
Humans
*Politics
*Radiation Genetics/history
United States

@article {pmid29410353,
year = {2018},
author = {Rose, JP and Kleist, TJ and Löfstrand, SD and Drew, BT and Schönenberger, J and Sytsma, KJ},
title = {Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and diversification of angiosperm order Ericales suggest ancient Neotropical and East Asian connections.},
journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
volume = {122},
number = {},
pages = {59-79},
doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2018.01.014},
pmid = {29410353},
issn = {1095-9513},
mesh = {Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Chloroplasts/genetics ; Far East ; Fossils/history ; Genetic Speciation ; History, Ancient ; Magnoliopsida/*classification/genetics ; Mitochondria/genetics ; *Phylogeny ; Phylogeography/history ; Ribosomes/genetics ; },
abstract = {Inferring interfamilial relationships within the eudicot order Ericales has remained one of the more recalcitrant problems in angiosperm phylogenetics, likely due to a rapid, ancient radiation. As a result, no comprehensive time-calibrated tree or biogeographical analysis of the order has been published. Here, we elucidate phylogenetic relationships within the order and then conduct time-dependent biogeographical and diversification analyses by using a taxon and locus-rich supermatrix approach on one-third of the extant species diversity calibrated with 23 macrofossils and two secondary calibration points. Our results corroborate previous studies and also suggest several new but poorly supported relationships. Newly suggested relationships are: (1) holoparasitic Mitrastemonaceae is sister to Lecythidaceae, (2) the clade formed by Mitrastemonaceae + Lecythidaceae is sister to Ericales excluding balsaminoids, (3) Theaceae is sister to the styracoids + sarracenioids + ericoids, and (4) subfamilial relationships with Ericaceae suggest that Arbutoideae is sister to Monotropoideae and Pyroloideae is sister to all subfamilies excluding Arbutoideae, Enkianthoideae, and Monotropoideae. Our results indicate Ericales began to diversify 110 Mya, within Indo-Malaysia and the Neotropics, with exchange between the two areas and expansion out of Indo-Malaysia becoming an important area in shaping the extant diversity of many families. Rapid cladogenesis occurred along the backbone of the order between 104 and 106 Mya. Jump dispersal is important within the order in the last 30 My, but vicariance is the most important cladogenetic driver of disjunctions at deeper levels of the phylogeny. We detect between 69 and 81 shifts in speciation rate throughout the order, the vast majority of which occurred within the last 30 My. We propose that range shifting may be responsible for older shifts in speciation rate, but more recent shifts may be better explained by morphological innovation.},
}

Animals
*Biodiversity
Chloroplasts/genetics
Far East
Fossils/history
Genetic Speciation
History, Ancient
Magnoliopsida/*classification/genetics
Mitochondria/genetics
*Phylogeny
Phylogeography/history
Ribosomes/genetics

@article {pmid27872249,
year = {2016},
author = {O'Donnell, MA},
title = {Job Dekker: Hitting the scientific hi-Cs.},
journal = {The Journal of cell biology},
volume = {215},
number = {4},
pages = {434-435},
doi = {10.1083/jcb.2154pi},
pmid = {27872249},
issn = {1540-8140},
mesh = {Biomedical Research/*history ; Career Choice ; *Chromosomes, Human ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Leadership ; },
}

Biomedical Research/*history
Career Choice
*Chromosomes, Human
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Leadership

@article {pmid27821491,
year = {2016},
author = {Casadio, M},
title = {Fanni Gergely: Exploring centrosome biology.},
journal = {The Journal of cell biology},
volume = {215},
number = {3},
pages = {294-295},
doi = {10.1083/jcb.2153pi},
pmid = {27821491},
issn = {1540-8140},
mesh = {Biomedical Research/*history ; Centrosome/*physiology ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; },
}

Biomedical Research/*history
Centrosome/*physiology
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans

@article {pmid27906689,
year = {2016},
author = {Neill, US},
title = {A conversation with Bruce Alberts.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {126},
number = {12},
pages = {4391-4392},
doi = {10.1172/JCI91072},
pmid = {27906689},
issn = {1558-8238},
mesh = {History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Portraits as Topic ; },
}

History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Molecular Biology/*history
Portraits as Topic

@article {pmid27620537,
year = {2016},
author = {Jackson, S},
title = {The 2016 Lasker~Koshland Special Achievement Award recognizes Bruce Alberts' lifelong dedication to research, policy, and education.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {126},
number = {10},
pages = {3645-3650},
doi = {10.1172/JCI90289},
pmid = {27620537},
issn = {1558-8238},
mesh = {*Awards and Prizes ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Portraits as Topic ; },
}

*Awards and Prizes
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Molecular Biology/*history
Portraits as Topic

@article {pmid29575103,
year = {2018},
author = {Hill, WG},
title = {Contributions to quantitative genetic models by Yule and by Weinberg prior to Fisher 1918.},
journal = {Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie},
volume = {135},
number = {2},
pages = {93-94},
doi = {10.1111/jbg.12320},
pmid = {29575103},
issn = {1439-0388},
mesh = {Algorithms ; Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Genetic Speciation ; Genetics/*history ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; *Models, Genetic ; Models, Statistical ; },
}

Algorithms
Animals
Biological Evolution
Genetic Speciation
Genetics/*history
History, 19th Century
Humans
*Models, Genetic
Models, Statistical

@article {pmid29345074,
year = {2018},
author = {James, JW},
title = {A century later.},
journal = {Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie},
volume = {135},
number = {1},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1111/jbg.12309},
pmid = {29345074},
issn = {1439-0388},
mesh = {Animals ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Models, Statistical ; *Selection, Genetic ; },
}

Animals
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
*Models, Statistical
*Selection, Genetic

@article {pmid28508484,
year = {2017},
author = {Simianer, H and Rosa, GJM and Mäki-Tanila, A},
title = {Special Issue: Quantitative and statistical genetics-papers in honour of Daniel Gianola.},
journal = {Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie},
volume = {134},
number = {3},
pages = {173-174},
doi = {10.1111/jbg.12279},
pmid = {28508484},
issn = {1439-0388},
mesh = {Animals ; Breeding ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Models, Genetic ; Models, Statistical ; United States ; },
}

Animals
Breeding
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
*Models, Genetic
Models, Statistical
United States

@article {pmid28133826,
year = {2017},
author = {Sorensen, D and de Los Campos, G},
title = {Daniel Gianola's contributions to animal breeding and quantitative genetics, a vuelo de pájaro.},
journal = {Journal of animal breeding and genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie},
volume = {134},
number = {3},
pages = {175-177},
doi = {10.1111/jbg.12254},
pmid = {28133826},
issn = {1439-0388},
mesh = {Animal Husbandry/methods/*trends ; Animals ; *Breeding ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Models, Genetic ; *Models, Statistical ; United States ; Uruguay ; },
}

Animal Husbandry/methods/*trends
Animals
*Breeding
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
*Models, Genetic
*Models, Statistical
United States
Uruguay

@article {pmid29277272,
year = {2018},
author = {Carter, AM},
title = {Classics revisited: Miguel Fernández on germ layer inversion and specific polyembryony in armadillos.},
journal = {Placenta},
volume = {61},
number = {},
pages = {55-60},
doi = {10.1016/j.placenta.2017.11.006},
pmid = {29277272},
issn = {1532-3102},
mesh = {Anatomy, Comparative/*history ; Animals ; Argentina ; Armadillos/*embryology/growth & development/physiology ; Embryology/*history ; *Embryonic Development ; Extraembryonic Membranes/cytology/embryology/physiology ; Female ; Genetic Research/history ; Germ Layers/cytology/*embryology/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; Male ; Placentation ; Pregnancy ; Species Specificity ; *Twinning, Monozygotic ; Yolk Sac/cytology/embryology/physiology ; Zoology/*history ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Miguel Fernández was an Argentinian zoologist who published the first account of obligate polyembryony in armadillos. His contribution is here discussed in relation to his contemporaries, Newman and Patterson, and more recent work.

FINDINGS: Fernandez worked on the mulita (Dasypus hybridus). He was able to get early stages before twinning occurred and show it was preceded by inversion of the germ layers. By the primitive streak stage there were separate embryonic shields and partition of the amnion. There was, however, a single exocoelom and all embryos were enclosed in a common set of membranes comprising chorion towards the attachment site in the uterine fundus and inverted yolk sac on the opposite face. He showed that monozygotic twinning did not occur in another armadillo, the peludo (Chaetophractus villosus).

CONCLUSIONS: Fernández's work represented a major breakthrough in understanding how twinning occurred in armadillos. His work and that of others is of intrinsic interest to zoologists and has a direct bearing on the origin of monozygotic twins and birth defects in humans.},
}

Anatomy, Comparative/*history
Animals
Argentina
Armadillos/*embryology/growth & development/physiology
Embryology/*history
*Embryonic Development
Extraembryonic Membranes/cytology/embryology/physiology
Female
Genetic Research/history
Germ Layers/cytology/*embryology/physiology
History, 20th Century
Male
Placentation
Pregnancy
Species Specificity
*Twinning, Monozygotic
Yolk Sac/cytology/embryology/physiology
Zoology/*history

@article {pmid29074157,
year = {2018},
author = {Besser, J and Carleton, HA and Gerner-Smidt, P and Lindsey, RL and Trees, E},
title = {Next-generation sequencing technologies and their application to the study and control of bacterial infections.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {24},
number = {4},
pages = {335-341},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2017.10.013},
pmid = {29074157},
issn = {1469-0691},
support = {CC999999//Intramural CDC HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Bacterial Infections/*diagnosis/*epidemiology ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/history/*methods ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology/history/*methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: With the efficiency and the decreasing cost of next-generation sequencing, the technology is being rapidly introduced into clinical and public health laboratory practice.

AIMS: The historical background and principles of first-, second- and third-generation sequencing are described, as are the characteristics of the most commonly used sequencing instruments.

SOURCES: Peer-reviewed literature, white papers and meeting reports.

CONTENT AND IMPLICATIONS: Next-generation sequencing is a technology that could potentially replace many traditional microbiological workflows, providing clinicians and public health specialists with more actionable information than hitherto achievable. Examples of the clinical and public health uses of the technology are provided. The challenge of comparability of different sequencing platforms is discussed. Finally, the future directions of the technology integrating it with laboratory management and public health surveillance systems, and moving it towards performing sequencing directly from the clinical specimen (metagenomics), could lead to yet another fundamental transformation of clinical diagnostics and public health surveillance.},
}

Bacterial Infections/*diagnosis/*epidemiology
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/history/*methods
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Epidemiology/history/*methods

@article {pmid29310539,
year = {2017},
author = {Creager, ANH},
title = {A Chemical Reaction to the Historiography of Biology.},
journal = {Ambix},
volume = {64},
number = {4},
pages = {343-359},
doi = {10.1080/00026980.2017.1412136},
pmid = {29310539},
issn = {1745-8234},
mesh = {Biological Evolution ; Biology/*history ; Chemistry/*methods ; Genetics/history ; Historiography ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; },
abstract = {This article examines the often-overlooked role of chemical ideas and practices in the history of modern biology. The first section analyses how the conventional histories of the life sciences have, through the twentieth century, come to focus nearly exclusively on evolutionary theory and genetics, and why this storyline is inadequate. The second section elaborates on what the restricted neo-Darwinian history of biology misses, noting a variety of episodes in the history of biology that relied on developments in - or tools from - chemistry, including an example from the author's own work. The diverse ways in which biologists have used chemical approaches often relate to the concrete, infrastructural side of research; a more inclusive history thus also connects to a historiography of materials and objects in science.},
}

Biological Evolution
Biology/*history
Chemistry/*methods
Genetics/history
Historiography
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century

@article {pmid29686077,
year = {2018},
author = {Doctrow, B},
title = {QnAs with Howard Y. Chang.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {115},
number = {19},
pages = {4805-4806},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1805691115},
pmid = {29686077},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {Animals ; *Awards and Prizes ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Portraits as Topic ; *RNA, Long Noncoding ; },
}

Animals
*Awards and Prizes
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/*history
Portraits as Topic
*RNA, Long Noncoding

@article {pmid27754860,
year = {2016},
author = {Kinzler, K and Vogelstein, B},
title = {Necessity Is the Mother of Invention: The Development of Digital Genomics.},
journal = {Clinical chemistry},
volume = {62},
number = {12},
pages = {1668-1669},
doi = {10.1373/clinchem.2016.262741},
pmid = {27754860},
issn = {1530-8561},
mesh = {Genomics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Inventions/history ; Polymerase Chain Reaction/*history/methods ; },
}

Genomics/*history
History, 20th Century
Humans
Inventions/history
Polymerase Chain Reaction/*history/methods

@article {pmid28352972,
year = {2017},
author = {},
title = {Gerald E. McClearn 1927-2017: A Founding Father of Behavioral Genetics.},
journal = {Behavior genetics},
volume = {47},
number = {3},
pages = {263-264},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-017-9846-2},
pmid = {28352972},
issn = {1573-3297},
mesh = {Genetics, Behavioral/*history/methods ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; },
}

Genetics, Behavioral/*history/methods
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans

@article {pmid29017033,
year = {2017},
author = {Kolchinsky, EI and Kutschera, U and Hossfeld, U and Levit, GS},
title = {Russia's new Lysenkoism.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {27},
number = {19},
pages = {R1042-R1047},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.045},
pmid = {29017033},
issn = {1879-0445},
mesh = {Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenomics/history ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Plant Breeding/*history/methods ; Russia ; USSR ; },
abstract = {During the late 1940s and 1950s, a pseudo-scientific concept based on Marxist-Leninist ideology became internationally known as 'Lysenkoism'. Lysenkoism was a neo-Lamarckian idea, claiming that in crop plants, such as wheat, environmental influences are heritable via all cells of the organism. Lysenkoism was applied to agriculture during the Stalin era with disastrous consequences. Despite the triumphs of modern genetics, and the disproval of Lysenkoism, recent years have seen a 're-thinking' of this doctrine in Russia. This disturbing pro-Lysenko movement, which is accompanied by a growing sympathy for Stalin, claims to have its scientific roots in modern epigenetics, specifically the heritability of variation by mechanisms other than changes in DNA sequence. Based on recent research on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, its is clear that Lysenkoism has nothing to do with heritable 'epigenetic' modifications. Biologists should defend science against ideological and political interferences.},
}

Crops, Agricultural/genetics
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenomics/history
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
Plant Breeding/*history/methods
Russia
USSR

@article {pmid29237895,
year = {2017},
author = {Rao, V},
title = {J. B. S. Haldane and Journal of Genetics.},
journal = {Journal of genetics},
volume = {96},
number = {5},
pages = {855-864},
pmid = {29237895},
issn = {0973-7731},
mesh = {*Genetic Research ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *Periodicals as Topic ; *Publishing ; },
abstract = {This is a brief sketch of the history of Journal of Genetics from its beginning in 1909 to the taking over of its publication by the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1985. The account is centred on J. B. S. Haldane's involvement with it over many years, especially as Editor, initially in the UK and later in India.},
}

*Genetic Research
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
Humans
*Periodicals as Topic
*Publishing

@article {pmid29237894,
year = {2017},
author = {Mcouat, G},
title = {J. B. S. Haldane's passage to India: reconfiguring science.},
journal = {Journal of genetics},
volume = {96},
number = {5},
pages = {845-852},
pmid = {29237894},
issn = {0973-7731},
mesh = {Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; India ; Science/*history ; },
abstract = {In 1957, John Burdon Sanderson (JBS) Haldane (1892-1964), the world's leading population geneticist, committed political radical and one of the three 'founders' of neo-Darwinian 'Modern Synthesis' of twentieth century biology (Sarkar 1995; Haldane 1932; Cain 2009; Smocovitis 1996), ostentatiously renounced both his British citizenship and his prestigious chair at University College London. In a decisively and very public anti-imperial gesture, ostensibly played out as a reaction to the Suez crisis (although his discontent was simmering for quite some time), Haldane, and his partner, geneticistHelen Spurway (1917-1977), turned their backs on Britain and set off to India to offer their considerable scientific prestige, their inexhaustible organisational abilities, along with their leading Journal of Genetics, behind the efforts to build a 'modern', democratic India emerging out of the ashes of colonial rule. Haldane's support of independent India was a major triumph for the new state, itself in the midst of negotiating a fine balance between rapid modernization through science and technology and an postcolonial respect for traditional 'non-Western' values. Although his time in India was short, Haldane's few years in India were marked by a frenzied engagement with the new India, its science, its government and its culture (Rao 2013).},
}

Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
Humans
India
Science/*history

@article {pmid29237892,
year = {2017},
author = {Damodaran, V},
title = {Janaki Ammal, C. D. Darlington and J. B. S. Haldane: scientific encounters at the end of empire.},
journal = {Journal of genetics},
volume = {96},
number = {5},
pages = {827-836},
pmid = {29237892},
issn = {0973-7731},
mesh = {*Biological Evolution ; *Genetic Research ; Genetics, Population/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; *Models, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Right from the beginning, genetics has been an international venture, with international networks involving the collaboration of scientists across continents. Janaki Ammal's career illustrates this. This paper traces her scientific path by situating it in the context of her relationships with J. B. S. Haldane and C. D. Darlington.},
}

*Biological Evolution
*Genetic Research
Genetics, Population/*history
History, 20th Century
Humans
*Models, Genetic

@article {pmid29237885,
year = {2017},
author = {Rao, V},
title = {Haldane's view of natural selection.},
journal = {Journal of genetics},
volume = {96},
number = {5},
pages = {765-772},
pmid = {29237885},
issn = {0973-7731},
mesh = {*Biological Evolution ; Genetics, Population/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; *Selection, Genetic ; United States ; },
abstract = {Among many things, J. B. S. Haldane is known for demonstrating how the principle of natural selection can be used to build a mathematical, and in particular quantitative, theory of evolution. However, to the end, he remained open to the idea of other evolutionary mechanisms. In his late writings, he repeatedly drew attention to situations in which natural selection did not operate, was hemmed in by constraints, or worked in a surprising manner. In this respect Haldane stands out among the architects of the Modern Synthesis.},
}

*Biological Evolution
Genetics, Population/*history
History, 20th Century
Humans
Models, Genetic
*Selection, Genetic
United States

@article {pmid28600396,
year = {2017},
author = {Rosbash, M},
title = {A 50-Year Personal Journey: Location, Gene Expression, and Circadian Rhythms.},
journal = {Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology},
volume = {9},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/cshperspect.a032516},
pmid = {28600396},
issn = {1943-0264},
mesh = {Animals ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Recombinant/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Massachusetts ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Universities ; },
abstract = {I worked almost exclusively on nucleic acids and gene expression from the age of 19 as an undergraduate until the age of 38 as an associate professor. Mentors featured prominently in my choice of paths. My friendship with influential Brandeis colleagues then persuaded me that genetics was an important tool for studying gene expression, and I switched my experimental organism to yeast for this reason. Several years later, friendship also played a prominent role in my beginning work on circadian rhythms. As luck would have it, gene expression as well as genetics turned out to be important for circadian timekeeping. As a consequence, background and training put my laboratory in an excellent position to contribute to this aspect of the circadian problem. The moral of the story is, as in real estate, "location, location, location."},
}

Animals
*Circadian Rhythm
Cloning, Molecular
DNA, Recombinant/genetics
Gene Expression
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Massachusetts
Molecular Biology/*history
Universities

@article {pmid29445977,
year = {2018},
author = {Silva, L},
title = {A Brief History of Biochemical Genetics' 50 Years and a Reflection About Past and Present Research Directions.},
journal = {Biochemical genetics},
volume = {56},
number = {1-2},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1007/s10528-018-9846-9},
pmid = {29445977},
issn = {1573-4927},
mesh = {Biochemistry/*history ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Portraits as Topic ; },
}

Biochemistry/*history
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Portraits as Topic

@article {pmid29339467,
year = {2018},
author = {Ravindran, S},
title = {Profile of Scott W. Lowe.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {115},
number = {4},
pages = {630-632},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1721809115},
pmid = {29339467},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {Genes, Neoplasm ; Genes, p53 ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Medical Oncology/*history/methods ; Oncogenes ; },
}

Genes, Neoplasm
Genes, p53
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Medical Oncology/*history/methods
Oncogenes

@article {pmid28755204,
year = {2017},
author = {Yan, W and Huang, B and Ruan, L and Tan, W},
title = {Dr. Chi-Ming Chu: Respected founder of molecular virology and pioneer of biologicals in China.},
journal = {Protein & cell},
volume = {8},
number = {9},
pages = {629-633},
doi = {10.1007/s13238-017-0445-z},
pmid = {28755204},
issn = {1674-8018},
mesh = {China ; Hepatitis B virus/immunology ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Orthomyxoviridae/immunology ; Viral Vaccines/*immunology ; Virology/*history ; },
}

China
Hepatitis B virus/immunology
History, 20th Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/*history
Orthomyxoviridae/immunology
Viral Vaccines/*immunology
Virology/*history

@article {pmid29927928,
year = {2018},
author = {Weinberg, SM and Cornell, R and Leslie, EJ},
title = {Craniofacial genetics: Where have we been and where are we going?.},
journal = {PLoS genetics},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {e1007438},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pgen.1007438},
pmid = {29927928},
issn = {1553-7404},
mesh = {Animals ; Craniofacial Abnormalities/*genetics ; Genetic Techniques/*trends ; Genetics/history/*trends ; Head/abnormalities/anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Zebrafish ; },
}

Animals
Craniofacial Abnormalities/*genetics
Genetic Techniques/*trends
Genetics/history/*trends
Head/abnormalities/anatomy & histology/*growth & development
History, 21st Century
Humans
Mice
Models, Animal
Zebrafish

@article {pmid29540437,
year = {2018},
author = {Ferguson-Smith, AC and Bartolomei, MS},
title = {Obituary: Denise Barlow (1950-2017).},
journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {145},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/dev.164616},
pmid = {29540437},
issn = {1477-9129},
mesh = {Animals ; Austria ; Developmental Biology/*history ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenomics/*history ; Genomic Imprinting/*physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Laboratory Personnel/history ; United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {Anne Ferguson-Smith and Marisa Bartolomei look back at the life and science of Denise Barlow, a pioneer in genomic imprinting and epigenetics.},
}

Animals
Austria
Developmental Biology/*history
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenomics/*history
Genomic Imprinting/*physiology
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
*Laboratory Personnel/history
United Kingdom

@article {pmid29538439,
year = {2018},
author = {Rusu, I and Modi, A and Vai, S and Pilli, E and Mircea, C and Radu, C and Urduzia, C and Pinter, ZK and Bodolică, V and Dobrinescu, C and Hervella, M and Popescu, O and Lari, M and Caramelli, D and Kelemen, B},
title = {Maternal DNA lineages at the gate of Europe in the 10th century AD.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {e0193578},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0193578},
pmid = {29538439},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Archaeology ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; DNA, Mitochondrial/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Genetics, Population/history ; Haplotypes ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Phylogeny ; Principal Component Analysis ; Romania ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; },
abstract = {Given the paucity of archaeogenetic data available for medieval European populations in comparison to other historical periods, the genetic landscape of this age appears as a puzzle of dispersed, small, known pieces. In particular, Southeastern Europe has been scarcely investigated to date. In this paper, we report the study of mitochondrial DNA in 10th century AD human samples from Capidava necropolis, located in Dobruja (Southeastern Romania, Southeastern Europe). This geographical region is particularly interesting because of the extensive population flux following diverse migration routes, and the complex interactions between distinct population groups during the medieval period. We successfully amplified and typed the mitochondrial control region of 10 individuals. For five of them, we also reconstructed the complete mitochondrial genomes using hybridization-based DNA capture combined with Next Generation Sequencing. We have portrayed the genetic structure of the Capidava medieval population, represented by 10 individuals displaying 8 haplotypes (U5a1c2a, V1a, R0a2'3, H1, U3a, N9a9, H5e1a1, and H13a1a3). Remarkable for this site is the presence of both Central Asiatic (N9a) and common European mtDNA haplotypes, establishing Capidava as a point of convergence between East and West. The distribution of mtDNA lineages in the necropolis highlighted the existence of two groups of two individuals with close maternal relationships as they share the same haplotypes. We also sketch, using comparative statistical and population genetic analyses, the genetic relationships between the investigated dataset and other medieval and modern Eurasian populations.},
}

Archaeology
Bone and Bones/metabolism
DNA, Mitochondrial/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism
European Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics
Genetics, Population/history
Haplotypes
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
History, Medieval
Humans
Phylogeny
Principal Component Analysis
Romania
Sequence Analysis, DNA

@article {pmid29358548,
year = {2017},
author = {Singh, J},
title = {Amar Klar: A giant among scientists (1947-2017).},
journal = {Journal of biosciences},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {355-357},
pmid = {29358548},
issn = {0973-7138},
mesh = {Biochemistry ; DNA/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; },
}

Biochemistry
DNA/physiology
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/*history

@article {pmid29293741,
year = {2017},
author = {Collier, RJ and Bauman, DE},
title = {TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM/BOLFA:Historical perspectives of lactation biology in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.},
journal = {Journal of animal science},
volume = {95},
number = {12},
pages = {5639-5652},
doi = {10.2527/jas2017.1875},
pmid = {29293741},
issn = {1525-3163},
mesh = {Animals ; Cattle/genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Genomics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Lactation ; Mammary Glands, Animal/physiology ; Metabolomics/*history ; Milk/*chemistry/metabolism ; Systems Biology/*history ; },
abstract = {The latter half of the 20th century and the early portion of the 21st century will be recognized as the "Golden Age" of lactation biology. This period corresponded with the rise of systemic, metabolomic, molecular, and genomic biology. It includes the discovery of the structure of DNA and ends with the sequencing of the complete genomes of humans and all major domestic animal species including the dairy cow. This included the ability to identify polymorphisms in the nucleic acid sequence, which can be tied to specific differences in cellular, tissue, and animal performance. Before this period, classical work using endocrine ablation and replacement studies identified the mammary gland as an endocrine-dependent organ. In the early 1960s, the development of RIA and radioreceptor assays permitted the study of the relationship between endocrine patterns and mammary function. The ability to measure nucleic acid content of tissues opened the door to study of the factors regulating mammary growth. The development of high-speed centrifugation in the 1960s allowed separation of specific cell organelles and their membranes. The development of transmission and scanning electron microscopy permitted the study of the relationship between structure and function in the mammary secretory cell. The availability of radiolabeled metabolites provided the opportunity to investigate the metabolic pathways and their regulation. The development of concepts regarding the coordination of metabolism to support lactation integrated our understanding of nutrient partitioning and homeostasis. The ability to produce recombinant molecules and organisms permitted enhancement of lactation in farm animal species and the production of milk containing proteins of value to human medicine. These discoveries and others contributed to vastly increased dairy farm productivity in the United States and worldwide. This review will include the discussion of the centers of excellence and scientists who labored in these fields to produce the harvest of knowledge we enjoy today.},
}

Animals
Cattle/genetics/*physiology
Female
Genomics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
*Lactation
Mammary Glands, Animal/physiology
Metabolomics/*history
Milk/*chemistry/metabolism
Systems Biology/*history

@article {pmid29288271,
year = {2017},
author = {Jager, MJ},
title = {Introducing Johanna M. Seddon, the 2017 Recipient of the Mildred Weisenfeld Award.},
journal = {Investigative ophthalmology & visual science},
volume = {58},
number = {14},
pages = {6510-6512},
doi = {10.1167/iovs.17-23542},
pmid = {29288271},
issn = {1552-5783},
mesh = {*Awards and Prizes ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Molecular Epidemiology/*history ; Netherlands ; Ophthalmology/*history ; Societies, Scientific/*history ; Wet Macular Degeneration/*history ; },
}

*Awards and Prizes
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Molecular Epidemiology/*history
Netherlands
Ophthalmology/*history
Societies, Scientific/*history
Wet Macular Degeneration/*history

@article {pmid29251435,
year = {2017},
author = {Chenette, EJ},
title = {Announcing the winners of our 50th Anniversary Science Communication Competition.},
journal = {The FEBS journal},
volume = {284},
number = {24},
pages = {4172-4173},
doi = {10.1111/febs.14329},
pmid = {29251435},
issn = {1742-4658},
mesh = {Audiovisual Aids ; *Awards and Prizes ; Biological Science Disciplines/*history ; Europe ; History, 21st Century ; Mexico ; Molecular Biology/history ; Motion Pictures ; Neurosciences/history ; Posters as Topic ; Singapore ; *Societies, Scientific ; },
abstract = {The FEBS Journal is pleased to announce the three winners of its 50th Anniversary Science Communication Competition. Read on to see their prize-winning entries!},
}

Audiovisual Aids
*Awards and Prizes
Biological Science Disciplines/*history
Europe
History, 21st Century
Mexico
Molecular Biology/history
Motion Pictures
Neurosciences/history
Posters as Topic
Singapore
*Societies, Scientific

@article {pmid29239359,
year = {2017},
author = {Cornish, VW},
title = {Ronald Breslow (1931-2017).},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {552},
number = {7684},
pages = {176},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-017-08461-5},
pmid = {29239359},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {Antineoplastic Agents/history ; Biochemistry/*history ; Chemistry, Organic/*history ; Coenzymes/chemistry/metabolism ; Cyclodextrins/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; Hydroxamic Acids/history ; Mentoring ; Molecular Biology/history ; New Jersey ; New York City ; Thiamine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/pharmacology ; Thiamine Pyrophosphate/chemistry/pharmacology ; Women's Rights/history ; },
}

Antineoplastic Agents/history
Biochemistry/*history
Chemistry, Organic/*history
Coenzymes/chemistry/metabolism
Cyclodextrins/metabolism
History, 20th Century
Hydroxamic Acids/history
Mentoring
Molecular Biology/history
New Jersey
New York City
Thiamine/analogs & derivatives/chemistry/pharmacology
Thiamine Pyrophosphate/chemistry/pharmacology
Women's Rights/history

@article {pmid29226715,
year = {2017},
author = {Raskó, I and Horváth, E},
title = {[Professor George Szemere (1931-2016) founder of the first regional genetic counselling service in Hungary].},
journal = {Orvosi hetilap},
volume = {158},
number = {50},
pages = {2003-2006},
doi = {10.1556/650.2017.HO2586},
pmid = {29226715},
issn = {0030-6002},
mesh = {Genetic Counseling/*history ; Genetic Testing/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Hungary ; Male ; },
}

Genetic Counseling/*history
Genetic Testing/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Hungary
Male

@article {pmid29218550,
year = {2017},
author = {Weiss, TM},
title = {Small Angle Scattering: Historical Perspective and Future Outlook.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1009},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1007/978-981-10-6038-0_1},
pmid = {29218550},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history/instrumentation/methods/trends ; Neutron Diffraction/*history/instrumentation/methods ; *Scattering, Small Angle ; Synchrotrons/history/instrumentation ; X-Ray Diffraction/*history/instrumentation/methods ; },
abstract = {Small angle scattering (SAS) is a powerful and versatile tool to elucidate the structure of matter at the nanometer scale. Recently, the technique has seen a tremendous growth of applications in the field of structural molecular biology. Its origins however date back to almost a century ago and even though the methods potential for studying biological macromolecules was realized already early on, it was only during the last two decades that SAS gradually became a major experimental technique for the structural biologist. This rise in popularity and application was driven by the concurrence of different key factors such as the increased accessibility to high quality SAS instruments enabled by the growing number of synchrotron facilities and neutron sources established around the world, the emerging need of the structural biology community to study large multi-domain complexes and flexible systems that are hard to crystalize, and in particular the development and availability of data analysis software together with the overall access to computational resources powerful enough to run them. Today, SAS is an established and widely used tool for structural studies on bio-macromolecules. Given the potential offered by the next generation X-ray and neutron sources as well as the development of new, innovative approaches to collect and analyze solution scattering data, the application of SAS in the field of structural molecular biology will certainly continue to thrive in the years to come.},
}

History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/*history/instrumentation/methods/trends
Neutron Diffraction/*history/instrumentation/methods
*Scattering, Small Angle
Synchrotrons/history/instrumentation
X-Ray Diffraction/*history/instrumentation/methods

@article {pmid29213124,
year = {2018},
author = {Cope, AP and Barnes, MR and Belson, A and Binks, M and Brockbank, S and Bonachela-Capdevila, F and Carini, C and Fisher, BA and Goodyear, CS and Emery, P and Ehrenstein, MR and Gozzard, N and Harris, R and Hollis, S and Keidel, S and Levesque, M and Lindholm, C and McDermott, MF and McInnes, IB and Mela, CM and Parker, G and Read, S and Pedersen, AW and Ponchel, F and Porter, D and Rao, R and Rowe, A and Schulz-Knappe, P and Sleeman, MA and Symmons, D and Taylor, PC and Tom, B and Tsuji, W and Verbeeck, D and Isaacs, JD and , },
title = {The RA-MAP Consortium: a working model for academia-industry collaboration.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Rheumatology},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {53-60},
doi = {10.1038/nrrheum.2017.200},
pmid = {29213124},
issn = {1759-4804},
support = {G1001516//Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; 18475//Arthritis Research UK/United Kingdom ; MC_UP_1302/3//Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; G1001518//Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; RC-PG-0407-10054//Department of Health/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*genetics/therapy ; Biomarkers ; Biomedical Research/*organization & administration ; *Cooperative Behavior ; Genomics/history/*methods ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Industry/*organization & administration ; Phenotype ; Research/*organization & administration ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Collaboration can be challenging; nevertheless, the emerging successes of large, multi-partner, multi-national cooperatives and research networks in the biomedical sector have sustained the appetite of academics and industry partners for developing and fostering new research consortia. This model has percolated down to national funding agencies across the globe, leading to funding for projects that aim to realise the true potential of genomic medicine in the 21st century and to reap the rewards of 'big data'. In this Perspectives article, the experiences of the RA-MAP consortium, a group of more than 140 individuals affiliated with 21 academic and industry organizations that are focused on making genomic medicine in rheumatoid arthritis a reality are described. The challenges of multi-partner collaboration in the UK are highlighted and wide-ranging solutions are offered that might benefit large research consortia around the world.},
}

Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*genetics/therapy
Biomarkers
Biomedical Research/*organization & administration
*Cooperative Behavior
Genomics/history/*methods
History, 21st Century
Humans
Industry/*organization & administration
Phenotype
Research/*organization & administration
United Kingdom/epidemiology

@article {pmid29203699,
year = {2017},
author = {Hoskins, SG},
title = {Inside the Literature: An Interview with Sally G. Hoskins, 2017 Recipient of the Elizabeth W. Jones Award for Excellence in Education.},
journal = {Genetics},
volume = {207},
number = {4},
pages = {1223-1225},
doi = {10.1534/genetics.117.300416},
pmid = {29203699},
issn = {1943-2631},
mesh = {Awards and Prizes ; *Education ; Genetics/*education/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Publications ; },
abstract = {The Genetics Society of America's Elizabeth W. Jones Award for Excellence in Education recognizes significant and sustained impact on genetics education. The 2017 recipient is Sally G. Hoskins, in recognition of her role in developing and promoting the transformative science education method CREATE (Consider, Read, Elucidate hypotheses, Analyze and interpret data, and Think of the next Experiment). This innovative approach uses primary literature to engage students, allowing them to experience for themselves the creativity and challenge of study design, analysis, interpretation, collaboration, and debate. Comprehensive evaluation of CREATE has consistently found that students improve in difficult-to-teach skills like critical thinking and experimental design, while showing improved attitudes and beliefs about science.This is an abridged version of the interview. The full interview is available on the Genes to Genomes blog, at genestogenomes.org/hoskins/.},
}

Awards and Prizes
*Education
Genetics/*education/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Publications

@article {pmid29203698,
year = {2017},
author = {Kingsley, DM},
title = {Beautiful Piles of Bones: An Interview with 2017 Genetics Society of America Medal Recipient David M. Kingsley.},
journal = {Genetics},
volume = {207},
number = {4},
pages = {1221-1222},
doi = {10.1534/genetics.117.300415},
pmid = {29203698},
issn = {1943-2631},
mesh = {Animals ; Awards and Prizes ; *Biological Evolution ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mice ; Mutation ; Skeleton/*growth & development ; Smegmamorpha/genetics ; },
abstract = {The Genetics Society of America Medal is awarded to an individual for outstanding contributions to the field of genetics in the last 15 years. Recipients of the GSA Medal are recognized for elegant and highly meaningful contributions to modern genetics, exemplifying the ingenuity of GSA membership. The 2017 recipient is David M. Kingsley, whose work in mouse, sticklebacks, and humans has shifted paradigms about how vertebrates evolve. Kingsley first fell in love with genetics in graduate school, where he worked on receptor mediated endocytosis with Monty Krieger. In his postdoctoral training he was able to unite genetics with his first scientific love: vertebrate morphology. He joined the group of Neal Copeland and Nancy Jenkins, where he led efforts to map the classical mouse skeletal mutation short ear Convinced that experimental genetics had a unique power to reveal the inner workings of evolution, Kingsley then established the stickleback fish as an extraordinarily productive model of quantitative trait evolution in wild species. He and his colleagues revealed many important insights, including the discoveries that major morphological differences can map to key loci with large effects, that regulatory changes in essential developmental control genes have produced advantageous new traits, and that nature has selected the same genes over and over again to drive the stickleback's skeletal evolution. Recently, Kingsley's group has been using these lessons to reveal more about how our own species evolved.This is an abridged version of the interview. The full interview is available on the Genes to Genomes blog, at genestogenomes.org/kingsley/.},
}

Animals
Awards and Prizes
*Biological Evolution
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Mice
Mutation
Skeleton/*growth & development
Smegmamorpha/genetics

@article {pmid29203697,
year = {2017},
author = {Hodgkin, J},
title = {Frontiers of Knowledge: An Interview with 2017 Edward Novitski Prize Recipient Jonathan Hodgkin.},
journal = {Genetics},
volume = {207},
number = {4},
pages = {1219-1220},
doi = {10.1534/genetics.117.300400},
pmid = {29203697},
issn = {1943-2631},
mesh = {Animals ; Awards and Prizes ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/physiology ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Sex Determination Processes ; },
abstract = {The Genetics Society of America's Edward Novitski Prize recognizes a single experimental accomplishment or a body of work in which an exceptional level of creativity and intellectual ingenuity has been used to design and execute scientific experiments to solve a difficult problem in genetics. The 2017 winner, Jonathan Hodgkin, used elegant genetic studies to unravel the sex determination pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans He inferred the order of genes in the pathway and their modes of regulation using epistasis analyses-a powerful tool that was quickly adopted by other researchers. He expanded the number and use of informational suppressor mutants in C. elegans that are able to act on many genes. He also introduced the use of collections of wild C. elegans to study naturally occurring genetic variation, paving the way for SNP mapping and QTL analysis, as well as studies of hybrid incompatibilities between worm species. His current work focuses on nematode-bacterial interactions and innate immunity.},
}

Animals
Awards and Prizes
Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics/physiology
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Sex Determination Processes

@article {pmid29203696,
year = {2017},
author = {Gerbi, SA},
title = {Treasure Your Exceptions: An Interview with 2017 George Beadle Award Recipient Susan A. Gerbi.},
journal = {Genetics},
volume = {207},
number = {4},
pages = {1215-1217},
doi = {10.1534/genetics.117.300398},
pmid = {29203696},
issn = {1943-2631},
mesh = {Awards and Prizes ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Replication/genetics ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; RNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; },
abstract = {THE Genetics Society of America's (GSA) George W. Beadle Award honors individuals who have made outstanding contributions to the community of genetics researchers and who exemplify the qualities of its namesake. The 2017 recipient is Susan A. Gerbi, who has been a prominent leader and advocate for the scientific community. In the course of her research on DNA replication, Gerbi helped develop the method of Replication Initiation Point (RIP) mapping to map replication origins at the nucleotide level, improving resolution by two orders of magnitude. RIP mapping also provides the basis for the now popular use of λ-exonuclease to enrich nascent DNA to map replication origins genome-wide. Gerbi's second area of research on ribosomal RNA revealed a conserved core secondary structure, as well as conserved nucleotide elements (CNEs). Some CNEs are universally conserved, while other CNEs are conserved in all eukaryotes but not in archaea or bacteria, suggesting a eukaryotic function. Intriguingly, the majority of the eukaryotic-specific CNEs line the tunnel of the large ribosomal subunit through which the nascent polypeptide exits. Gerbi has promoted the fly Sciara coprophila as a model organism ever since she used its enormous polytene chromosomes to help develop the method of in situ hybridization during her Ph.D. research in Joe Gall's laboratory. The Gerbi laboratory maintains the Sciara International Stock Center and manages its future, actively spreading Sciara stocks to other laboratories. Gerbi has also served in many leadership roles, working on issues of science policy, women in science, scientific training, and career preparation. This is an abridged version of the interview. The full interview is available on the Genes to Genomes blog, at genestogenomes.org/gerbi.},
}

Awards and Prizes
DNA/genetics
DNA Replication/genetics
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
RNA, Ribosomal/genetics

@article {pmid29203695,
year = {2017},
author = {Lewontin, RC},
title = {Random Factors: An Interview with 2017 Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal Recipient Richard C. Lewontin.},
journal = {Genetics},
volume = {207},
number = {4},
pages = {1213-1214},
doi = {10.1534/genetics.117.300396},
pmid = {29203695},
issn = {1943-2631},
mesh = {Awards and Prizes ; *Biological Evolution ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics/*history ; Genetics, Population/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; },
abstract = {The Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal is awarded to an individual member of the Genetics Society of America for lifetime achievement in the field of genetics. It recognizes the full body of work of an exceptional geneticist. The 2017 recipient is Richard C. Lewontin, whose contributions and influence have profoundly shaped the field of evolutionary genetics. As a testament to this legacy, his nomination for the Morgan Medal was cosigned by 160 faculty members from around the world. A student of Theodosius Dobzhansky, Lewontin's early work established the two-locus theory, which laid the foundation for our understanding of linkage disequilibrium. In the 1960s, he collaborated with biochemist Jack Hubby on a method to quantify natural genetic variation using protein gel electrophoresis. This approach helped launch the field of molecular evolution and spurred a great influx of data into a formerly theory-dominated domain. The subsequent contributions of Lewontin and his group helped set the stage for much of modern population genetics and genomics research. As well as this direct impact, Lewontin influenced the field through his guidance and inspiration, as well as through his capacity to spur vigorous but productive debates. His prominent role as a writer and social commentator included highlighting problems with the inference of heritability, concepts of race, and the overemphasis of genetic influences on phenotypes.},
}

Awards and Prizes
*Biological Evolution
Genetic Variation
Genetics/*history
Genetics, Population/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans

@article {pmid29168817,
year = {2017},
author = {Dolgin, E},
title = {The most popular genes in the human genome.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {551},
number = {7681},
pages = {427-431},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-017-07291-9},
pmid = {29168817},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {Animals ; Apolipoproteins E/genetics/metabolism ; *Bibliometrics ; Biomedical Research/history/*statistics & numerical data ; CD4 Antigens/genetics/immunology ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; GRB2 Adaptor Protein/genetics/metabolism ; *Genes, p53 ; Genetics/history/*statistics & numerical data ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Hemoglobins/genetics ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Rats ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/metabolism ; },
}

Animals
Apolipoproteins E/genetics/metabolism
*Bibliometrics
Biomedical Research/history/*statistics & numerical data
CD4 Antigens/genetics/immunology
Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
GRB2 Adaptor Protein/genetics/metabolism
*Genes, p53
Genetics/history/*statistics & numerical data
Genome, Human/*genetics
Hemoglobins/genetics
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Male
Mice
Rats
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics/metabolism
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid29116060,
year = {2017},
author = {},
title = {[Academician Andrey Dar'evich Mirzabekov (to the 80th anniversary)].},
journal = {Molekuliarnaia biologiia},
volume = {51},
number = {5},
pages = {747-751},
pmid = {29116060},
issn = {0026-8984},
mesh = {Animals ; Anniversaries and Special Events ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Russia ; },
}

Animals
Anniversaries and Special Events
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/*history
Russia

@article {pmid29033228,
year = {2017},
author = {Nicoglou, A and Merlin, F},
title = {Epigenetics: A way to bridge the gap between biological fields.},
journal = {Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {73-82},
doi = {10.1016/j.shpsc.2017.10.002},
pmid = {29033228},
issn = {1879-2499},
mesh = {Developmental Biology/history ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenomics/*history ; Heredity ; History, 20th Century ; United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {The concept of epigenetics has evolved since Waddington defined it from the late 1930s as the study of the causal mechanisms at work in development. It has become a multi-faceted notion with different meanings, depending on the disciplinary context it is used. In this article, we first analyse the transformations of the concept of epigenetics, from Waddington to contemporary accounts, in order to identify its different meanings and traditions, and to come up with a typology of epigenetics throughout its history. Second, we show on this basis that epigenetics has progressively turned its main focus from biological problems regarding development, toward issues concerning evolution. Yet, both these different epistemological aspects of epigenetics still coexist. Third, we claim that the classical opposition between epigenesis and preformationism as ways of thinking about the developmental process is part of the history of epigenetics and has contributed to its current various meanings. With these objectives in mind, we first show how Waddington introduced the term "epigenetics" in a biological context in order to solve a developmental problem, and we then build on this by presenting Nanney's, Riggs' and Holliday's definitions, which form the basis for the current conception of "molecular epigenetics". Then, we show that the evo-devo research field is where some particular uses of epigenetics have started shifting from developmental issues to evolutionary problems. We also show that epigenetics has progressively focused on the issue of epigenetic inheritance within the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis' framework. Finally, we conclude by presenting a typology of the different conceptions of epigenetics throughout time, and analyse the connections between them. We argue that, since Waddington, epigenetics, as an integrative research area, has been used to bridge the gap between different biological fields.},
}

Developmental Biology/history
*Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenomics/*history
Heredity
History, 20th Century
United Kingdom

@article {pmid28994388,
year = {2017},
author = {Jordan, B},
title = {[Cancer: three eras of personalized medicine].},
journal = {Medecine sciences : M/S},
volume = {33},
number = {10},
pages = {905-908},
doi = {10.1051/medsci/20173310024},
pmid = {28994388},
issn = {1958-5381},
mesh = {Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling/history/methods/trends ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genomics/history/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Medical Oncology/history/methods/trends ; Microarray Analysis/history/methods/trends ; Molecular Targeted Therapy/history/trends ; Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/therapy ; Precision Medicine/*history/methods/*trends ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {Since the completion of the first human DNA sequence, genomic approaches have penetrated into cancer research and therapy: first through expression profiling for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive purposes, then by sequencing of tumour DNA in order to define and apply targeted therapies. These overlapping changes occurred quite rapidly and are now overshadowed by immuno-oncology approaches that show much promise. There is however still much left to understand to make this more widely applicable, and the extreme cost of these therapies is a serious concern.},
}

Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Gene Expression Profiling/history/methods/trends
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Genomics/history/trends
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
*Medical Oncology/history/methods/trends
Microarray Analysis/history/methods/trends
Molecular Targeted Therapy/history/trends
Neoplasms/diagnosis/*genetics/therapy
Precision Medicine/*history/methods/*trends
Prognosis

@article {pmid28968595,
year = {2017},
author = {},
title = {Ingemar Gustavsson (1938-2016).},
journal = {Cytogenetic and genome research},
volume = {152},
number = {4},
pages = {167-168},
doi = {10.1159/000480744},
pmid = {28968595},
issn = {1424-859X},
mesh = {Animals ; Breeding/history ; Cytogenetics/*history ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Livestock/genetics ; Male ; Sweden ; Veterinary Medicine/*history ; },
}

Animals
Breeding/history
Cytogenetics/*history
Female
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Livestock/genetics
Male
Sweden
Veterinary Medicine/*history

@article {pmid28947653,
year = {2017},
author = {Heard, E and Brockdorff, N},
title = {Preface.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {372},
number = {1733},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2016.0353},
pmid = {28947653},
issn = {1471-2970},
mesh = {Animals ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mammals/*genetics/growth & development ; Mice ; United Kingdom ; *X Chromosome Inactivation ; },
}

Animals
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Mammals/*genetics/growth & development
Mice
United Kingdom
*X Chromosome Inactivation

@article {pmid28888231,
year = {2017},
author = {},
title = {Preface to glyco-neuroscience.},
journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta},
volume = {1861},
number = {10},
pages = {2417-2419},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.08.009},
pmid = {28888231},
issn = {0006-3002},
mesh = {Animals ; Central Nervous System/*metabolism/physiology/physiopathology ; Glycolipids/chemistry/*metabolism ; Glycomics/*history/manpower/methods ; Glycosaminoglycans/chemistry/*metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Neurosciences/*history/manpower/methods ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology ; },
}

Animals
Central Nervous System/*metabolism/physiology/physiopathology
Glycolipids/chemistry/*metabolism
Glycomics/*history/manpower/methods
Glycosaminoglycans/chemistry/*metabolism
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Neuronal Plasticity/physiology
Neurosciences/*history/manpower/methods
Synaptic Transmission/physiology

@article {pmid28886375,
year = {2017},
author = {Chomet, P and Martienssen, R},
title = {Barbara McClintock's Final Years as Nobelist and Mentor: A Memoir.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {170},
number = {6},
pages = {1049-1054},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.040},
pmid = {28886375},
issn = {1097-4172},
support = {R01 GM067014/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*DNA Transposable Elements ; Genes, Plant ; Genetics/*education/history ; History, 20th Century ; Nobel Prize ; Physiology/history ; Zea mays/genetics ; },
abstract = {September 2, 2017, marks the 25th year after the passing of Dr. Barbara McClintock, geneticist and recipient of the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her discovery of transposable elements in maize. This memoir focuses on the last years of her life-after the prize-and includes personal recollections of how she mentored young scientists and inspired the age of genetics, epigenetics, and genomics.},
}

*DNA Transposable Elements
Genes, Plant
Genetics/*education/history
History, 20th Century
Nobel Prize
Physiology/history
Zea mays/genetics

@article {pmid28874451,
year = {2017},
author = {Zhang, H and Chen, W and Sun, K},
title = {Mendelism: New Insights from Gregor Mendel's Lectures in Brno.},
journal = {Genetics},
volume = {207},
number = {1},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1534/genetics.117.201434},
pmid = {28874451},
issn = {1943-2631},
mesh = {Austria-Hungary ; Congresses as Topic/history ; Genetics/*history ; History, 19th Century ; Peas/genetics ; Periodicals as Topic/*history ; Societies, Scientific/history ; },
abstract = {Interpretation of Gregor Mendel's work has previously been based on study of his published paper "Experiments in Plant Hybridization." In contrast, the lectures that he gave preceding publication of this work have been largely neglected for more than 150 years. Here, we report on and interpret the content of Mendel's previous two lectures, as they were reported in a local newspaper. We comprehensively reference both the text of his paper and the historical background of his experiments. Our analysis shows that while Mendel had inherited the traditional research program on interspecific hybridization in plants, he introduced the novel method of ratio analysis for representing the variation of unit-characters among offspring of hybrids. His aim was to characterize and explain the developmental features of the distributional pattern of unit-characters in two series of hybrid experiments, using self-crosses and backcrosses with parents. In doing so, he not only answered the question of what the unit-characters were and the nature of their hierarchical classification, but also successfully inferred the numerical principle of unit-character transmission from generation to generation. He also established the nature of the composition and behaviors of reproductive cells from one generation to the next. Here we highlight the evidence from Mendel's lectures, clearly announcing that he had discovered the general law of cross-generation transmission of unit-characters through reproductive cells containing unit-factors. The recovered content of these previous lectures more accurately describes the work he performed with his garden peas than his published paper and shows how he first presented it in Brno. It is thus an invaluable resource for understanding the origin of the science of genetics.},
}

Austria-Hungary
Congresses as Topic/history
Genetics/*history
History, 19th Century
Peas/genetics
Periodicals as Topic/*history
Societies, Scientific/history

@article {pmid28863441,
year = {2017},
author = {},
title = {Dr Fauconnier talks to genomics expert, Prof. McCarthy.},
journal = {Cardiovascular research},
volume = {113},
number = {8},
pages = {e26},
doi = {10.1093/cvr/cvx102},
pmid = {28863441},
issn = {1755-3245},
mesh = {Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/*history ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genomics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Translational Medical Research/*history ; },
}

Animals
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics/*history
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genomics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Translational Medical Research/*history

@article {pmid28794693,
year = {2018},
author = {Harper, PS},
title = {Human genetics in troubled times and places.},
journal = {Hereditas},
volume = {155},
number = {},
pages = {7},
doi = {10.1186/s41065-017-0042-4},
pmid = {28794693},
issn = {1601-5223},
mesh = {Communism ; Eugenics ; Europe ; Genetics, Medical/*history ; Germany ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; National Socialism ; Russia ; Warfare ; },
abstract = {The development of human genetics world-wide during the twentieth century, especially across Europe, has occurred against a background of repeated catastrophes, including two world wars and the ideological problems and repression posed by Nazism and Communism. The published scientific literature gives few hints of these problems and there is a danger that they will be forgotten. The First World War was largely indiscriminate in its carnage, but World War 2 and the preceding years of fascism were associated with widespread migration, especially of Jewish workers expelled from Germany, and of their children, a number of whom would become major contributors to the post-war generation of human and medical geneticists in Britain and America. In Germany itself, eminent geneticists were also involved in the abuses carried out in the name of 'eugenics' and 'race biology'. However, geneticists in America, Britain and the rest of Europe were largely responsible for the ideological foundations of these abuses. In the Soviet Union, geneticists and genetics itself became the object of persecution from the 1930s till as late as the mid 1960s, with an almost complete destruction of the field during this time; this extended also to Eastern Europe and China as part of the influence of Russian communism. Most recently, at the end of the twentieth century, China saw a renewal of government sponsored eugenics programmes, now mostly discarded. During the post-world war 2 decades, human genetics research benefited greatly from recognition of the genetic dangers posed by exposure to radiation, following the atomic bomb explosions in Japan, atmospheric testing and successive accidental nuclear disasters in Russia. Documenting and remembering these traumatic events, now largely forgotten among younger workers, is essential if we are to fully understand the history of human genetics and avoid the repetition of similar disasters in the future. The power of modern human genetic and genomic techniques now gives a greater potential for abuse as well as for beneficial use than has ever been seen in the past.},
}

Communism
Eugenics
Europe
Genetics, Medical/*history
Germany
History, 20th Century
Humans
National Socialism
Russia
Warfare

@article {pmid28792402,
year = {2017},
author = {Lane, R},
title = {Fowzan Alkuraya: leading light in Saudi Human Genome Program.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {390},
number = {10093},
pages = {446},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31908-6},
pmid = {28792402},
issn = {1474-547X},
mesh = {Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics/history ; *Genome, Human ; Genomics/*history ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Portraits as Topic ; Saudi Arabia ; },
}

Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics/history
*Genome, Human
Genomics/*history
History, 21st Century
Humans
Portraits as Topic
Saudi Arabia

@article {pmid28784780,
year = {2017},
author = {Griswold, A},
title = {Profile of Nahum Sonenberg.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {114},
number = {34},
pages = {8905-8907},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1711714114},
pmid = {28784780},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {Biochemistry/*history ; Canada ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Molecular Biology/history ; },
}

Biochemistry/*history
Canada
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Molecular Biology/history

@article {pmid28763078,
year = {2017},
author = {García-Sáinz, JA},
title = {[Conference Dr. Ignacio Chávez. Moving towards molecular medicine].},
journal = {Gaceta medica de Mexico},
volume = {153},
number = {3},
pages = {379-382},
pmid = {28763078},
issn = {0016-3813},
mesh = {History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Mexico ; Molecular Medicine/history/*trends ; },
abstract = {El solo nombre del Dr. Ignacio Chávez y la calidad académica de los que me han precedido me hacen sentir emocionado, consciente de que me encuentro sobre los hombros de grandes aportadores a nuestra medicina.},
}

History, 20th Century
Humans
Mexico
Molecular Medicine/history/*trends

@article {pmid28713021,
year = {2017},
author = {Szymanski, M and Barciszewski, J},
title = {The path to the genetic code.},
journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta},
volume = {1861},
number = {11 Pt A},
pages = {2674-2679},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.07.009},
pmid = {28713021},
issn = {0006-3002},
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence/genetics ; Genetic Code/*genetics ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Proteins/*genetics ; },
abstract = {In December of 1966 the last nucleotide triplet in the genetic code has been assigned (Brenner et al., 1967 [1]) thus completing years of studies aimed at deciphering the nature of the relationship between the sequences of genes and proteins. The end product, the table of the genetic code, was a crowning achievement of the quest to unravel the basic mechanisms underlying functioning of all living organisms on the molecular level.},
}

Amino Acid Sequence/genetics
Genetic Code/*genetics
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
Humans
Proteins/*genetics

@article {pmid28707870,
year = {2016},
author = {Wood, RJ},
title = {News of the Profession: Eloge.},
journal = {Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences},
volume = {107},
number = {3},
pages = {597-600},
pmid = {28707870},
issn = {0021-1753},
mesh = {Czech Republic ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Natural Science Disciplines/history ; Science/*history ; },
}

Czech Republic
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Natural Science Disciplines/history
Science/*history