@article {pmid33961772,
year = {2021},
author = {},
title = {Meet the authors: Ewelina M. Małecka and Sarah A. Woodson.},
journal = {Molecular cell},
volume = {81},
number = {9},
pages = {1857-1858},
doi = {10.1016/j.molcel.2021.04.011},
pmid = {33961772},
issn = {1097-4164},
mesh = {Biomedical Research/*history ; Career Choice ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Host Factor 1 Protein/metabolism ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA, Bacterial/genetics/*history/metabolism ; RNA, Small Untranslated/genetics/*history/metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; },
abstract = {We talk to Ewelina Małecka and Sarah Woodson about their paper, "Stepwise sRNA targeting of structured bacterial mRNAs leads to abortive annealing," who inspired them along their scientific paths, the research in Sarah's lab and the environment she looks to create, as well as Ewelina's advice for aspiring scientists.},
}

Biomedical Research/*history
Career Choice
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Host Factor 1 Protein/metabolism
Humans
Nucleic Acid Conformation
RNA, Bacterial/genetics/*history/metabolism
RNA, Small Untranslated/genetics/*history/metabolism
Structure-Activity Relationship

@article {pmid32691531,
year = {2020},
author = {Mazzeu, JF and Brunner, HG},
title = {50 years of Robinow syndrome.},
journal = {American journal of medical genetics. Part A},
volume = {182},
number = {9},
pages = {2005-2007},
doi = {10.1002/ajmg.a.61756},
pmid = {32691531},
issn = {1552-4833},
mesh = {Craniofacial Abnormalities/epidemiology/*genetics ; Dwarfism/epidemiology/*genetics ; Genetics, Medical/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Limb Deformities, Congenital/epidemiology/*genetics ; Urogenital Abnormalities/epidemiology/*genetics ; },
}

Craniofacial Abnormalities/epidemiology/*genetics
Dwarfism/epidemiology/*genetics
Genetics, Medical/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Limb Deformities, Congenital/epidemiology/*genetics
Urogenital Abnormalities/epidemiology/*genetics

@article {pmid31546266,
year = {2020},
author = {Müller, DJ and Rizhanovsky, Z},
title = {From the Origins of Pharmacogenetics to First Applications in Psychiatry.},
journal = {Pharmacopsychiatry},
volume = {53},
number = {4},
pages = {155-161},
doi = {10.1055/a-0979-2322},
pmid = {31546266},
issn = {1439-0795},
mesh = {Germany ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*genetics/*history/therapy ; Pharmacogenetics/*history ; Precision Medicine ; Psychiatry/*history ; },
abstract = {Pharmacogenetics is the division of science addressing how genetic factors contribute to the metabolism, response, and side effects of a given medication. What was once regarded as a subdivision of genetics and pharmacology is now recognized as its own field and has its own unique story of origin. While the term "pharmacogenetics" was coined by Friedrich Vogel in 1959, the relevance of inherited genetic traits in affecting the clinical outcome to xenobiotics has been observed long before. In fact, there is much hope that pharmacogenetics can help unravel the "mysteries" as to why different people may display variable responses to the same medication as well as identify new drug targets. This article will highlight the conceptual framework for pharmacogenetics advanced by pioneer scientists Arno Motulsky and Friedrich Vogel (both human geneticists), as well as Werner Kalow (clinical pharmacologist), leading up to the creation of modern pharmacogenetics. Finally, the practical implications and first steps toward implementation for current psychiatric treatment are reviewed followed by an outlook on future studies.},
}

Germany
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Mental Disorders/*genetics/*history/therapy
Pharmacogenetics/*history
Precision Medicine
Psychiatry/*history

@article {pmid31848463,
year = {2020},
author = {Fairbanks, DJ},
title = {Mendel and Darwin: untangling a persistent enigma.},
journal = {Heredity},
volume = {124},
number = {2},
pages = {263-273},
pmid = {31848463},
issn = {1365-2540},
mesh = {*Biological Evolution ; Genetic Research/*history ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; *Selection, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Mendel and Darwin were contemporaries, with much overlap in their scientifically productive years. Available evidence shows that Mendel knew much about Darwin, whereas Darwin knew nothing of Mendel. Because of the fragmentary nature of this evidence, published inferences regarding Mendel's views on Darwinian evolution are contradictory and enigmatic, with claims ranging from enthusiastic acceptance to outright rejection. The objective of this review is to examine evidence from Mendel's published and private writings on evolution and Darwin, and the influence of the scientific environment in which he was immersed. Much of this evidence lies in Mendel's handwritten annotations in his copies of Darwin's books, which this review scrutinises in detail. Darwin's writings directly influenced Mendel's classic 1866 paper, and his letters to Nägeli. He commended and criticised Darwin on specific issues pertinent to his research, including the provisional hypothesis of pangenesis, the role of pollen in fertilisation, and the influence of "conditions of life" on heritable variation. In his final letter to Nägeli, Mendel proposed a Darwinian scenario for natural selection using the same German term for "struggle for existence" as in his copies of Darwin's books. His published and private scientific writings are entirely objective, devoid of polemics or religious allusions, and address evolutionary questions in a manner consistent with that of his scientific contemporaries. The image that emerges of Mendel is of a meticulous scientist who accepted the tenets of Darwinian evolution, while privately pinpointing aspects of Darwin's views of inheritance that were not supported by Mendel's own experiments.},
}

*Biological Evolution
Genetic Research/*history
History, 19th Century
Humans
*Selection, Genetic

@article {pmid31965851,
year = {2020},
author = {Tost, J},
title = {10 years of Epigenomics: a journey with the epigenetic community through exciting times.},
journal = {Epigenomics},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {81-85},
doi = {10.2217/epi-2019-0375},
pmid = {31965851},
issn = {1750-192X},
mesh = {Epigenomics/*history ; History, 21st Century ; Periodicals as Topic/*history ; },
}

Epigenomics/*history
History, 21st Century
Periodicals as Topic/*history

@article {pmid32638693,
year = {2020},
author = {Evans, D and Medland, SE and Gillespie, N},
title = {Editorial.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {67},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.45},
pmid = {32638693},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history ; Humans ; Twin Studies as Topic/*history ; },
}

History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history
Humans
Twin Studies as Topic/*history

@article {pmid32638691,
year = {2020},
author = {Eaves, L},
title = {Birmingham and Beyond.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {68-71},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.27},
pmid = {32638691},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {Genetics, Behavioral/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Twin Studies as Topic/history ; Twins/*genetics ; },
abstract = {Nick Martin was a doctoral student of mine at the University of Birmingham in the mid 1970s. In this review, I discuss two of Nick's earliest and most seminal contributions to the field of behavior genetics. First, Martin and Eaves' (1977) extension of the model-fitting approach to multivariate data, which laid the theoretical groundwork for a generation of multivariate behavior genetic studies. Second, the Martin et al.'s (1978) manuscript on the power of the classical twin design, which showed that thousands of twin pairs would be required in order to reliably estimate components of variance, and has served as impetus for the formation of large-scale twin registries across the world. I discuss these contributions against the historical backdrop of a time when we and others were struggling with the challenge of figuring out how to incorporate gene-by-environment interaction, gene-environment correlation, mate selection and cultural transmission into more complex genetic models of human behavior.},
}

Genetics, Behavioral/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history
Humans
Models, Genetic
Twin Studies as Topic/history
Twins/*genetics

@article {pmid32638684,
year = {2020},
author = {Sham, PC and Purcell, SM and Cherny, SS and Neale, MC and Neale, BM},
title = {Statistical Power and the Classical Twin Design.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {87-89},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.46},
pmid = {32638684},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {Genetics, Behavioral/*history/statistics & numerical data ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Sample Size ; Twin Studies as Topic/*history/statistics & numerical data ; Twins/*genetics/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {Dr Nick Martin has made enormous contributions to the field of behavior genetics over the past 50 years. Of his many seminal papers that have had a profound impact, we focus on his early work on the power of twin studies. He was among the first to recognize the importance of sample size calculation before conducting a study to ensure sufficient power to detect the effects of interest. The elegant approach he developed, based on the noncentral chi-squared distribution, has been adopted by subsequent researchers for other genetic study designs, and today remains a standard tool for power calculations in structural equation modeling and other areas of statistical analysis. The present brief article discusses the main aspects of his seminal paper, and how it led to subsequent developments, by him and others, as the field of behavior genetics evolved into the present era.},
}

Genetics, Behavioral/*history/statistics & numerical data
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Sample Size
Twin Studies as Topic/*history/statistics & numerical data
Twins/*genetics/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid32482201,
year = {2020},
author = {Bulik, C and Kennedy, M and Wade, T},
title = {ANGI - Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {135-136},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.24},
pmid = {32482201},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {Anorexia Nervosa/*genetics/history ; Body Mass Index ; Feeding and Eating Disorders/*genetics/history ; Female ; Genetics, Behavioral/*history ; Genome-Wide Association Study/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Identification of genetic variants associated with eating disorders is underway. The Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative, an initiative of the Klarman Family Foundation, has contributed to advancing the field, yielding a large-scale genome-wide association study published in Nature Genetics. Eight genetic variants significantly associated with anorexia nervosa were identified, along with patterns of genetic correlations that suggest both psychiatric and metabolic origins of this serious and life-threatening illness. This article details the role of Professor Nick Martin in contributing to this important collaboration.},
}

Anorexia Nervosa/*genetics/history
Body Mass Index
Feeding and Eating Disorders/*genetics/history
Female
Genetics, Behavioral/*history
Genome-Wide Association Study/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans

@article {pmid32482197,
year = {2020},
author = {Colodro-Conde, L and Couvy-Duchesne, B},
title = {Nick Martin's Contribution to GxE Research.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {131-134},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.35},
pmid = {32482197},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {Depression/*genetics/history ; *Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics/history ; Genotype ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history ; Humans ; },
abstract = {The study and identification of genotype-environment interactions (GxE) has been a hot topic in the field of human genetics for several decades. Yet the extent to which GxE contributes to human behavior variability, and its mechanisms, remains largely unknown. Nick Martin has contributed important advances to the field of GxE for human behavior, which include methodological developments, novel analyses and reviews. Here, we will first review Nick's contributions to the GxE research, which started during his PhD and consistently appears in many of his over 1000 publications. Then, we recount a project that led to an article testing the diathesis-stress model for the origins of depression. In this publication, we observed the presence of an interaction between polygenic risk scores for depression (the risk in our 'genotype') and stressful life events (the experiences from our 'environment'), which provided the first empirical support of this model.},
}

Depression/*genetics/history
*Gene-Environment Interaction
Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics/history
Genotype
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history
Humans

@article {pmid32482192,
year = {2020},
author = {Verhulst, B},
title = {Sociopolitical Attitudes Through the Lens of Behavioral Genetics: Contributions from Dr Nicholas Martin.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {125-126},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.30},
pmid = {32482192},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {*Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetics, Behavioral/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Personality/*genetics ; Politics ; Social Sciences/*history ; },
abstract = {Professor Nicholas (Nick) Martin spearheaded initial investigations into the genetic basis of political attitudes and behaviors, demonstrating that behaviors that are perceived as socially constructed could have a biological basis. As he showed, the typical mode of inheritance for political attitudes consists of approximately equal proportions of variance from additive genetic, shared environmental and unique environmental sources. This differs from other psychological variables, such as personality traits, which tend to be characterized by genetic and unique environmental sources of variation. By treating political attitudes as a model phenotype, Nick Martin was able to leverage the unique pattern of observed intergenerational transmission for political attitudes to reexamine the quintessential assumptions of the classical twin model. Specifically, by creatively leveraging the nuances of the genetic architecture of political attitudes, he was able to demonstrate the robustness of the equal environments assumption and suggest corrections to account for assortative mating. These advances have had a substantial impact on both the fields of political science, as well as behavioral and quantitative genetics.},
}

*Gene-Environment Interaction
Genetics, Behavioral/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Models, Genetic
Personality/*genetics
Politics
Social Sciences/*history

@article {pmid32482185,
year = {2020},
author = {Martin, HC},
title = {Nature via Nurture, the Martin Way.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {137-138},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.40},
pmid = {32482185},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {Genetics, Behavioral/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Social Behavior/*history ; },
abstract = {I recount early formative experiences with my father, Nick Martin.},
}

Genetics, Behavioral/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Social Behavior/*history

@article {pmid32438933,
year = {2020},
author = {Kendler, K},
title = {Recollections of Nick Martin: 1983-1986.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {82-83},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.29},
pmid = {32438933},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/*genetics/history ; },
abstract = {This short essay recounts the author's interactions with Nick Martin in the years they both worked with Lindon Eaves at Virginia Commonwealth University. Although coming from very different academic traditions, they became close colleagues building their young careers together. Nick generously shared his statistical genetics expertise and the author taught Nick a thing or two about psychiatric illness.},
}

Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history
Humans
Mental Disorders/*genetics/history

@article {pmid32434608,
year = {2020},
author = {Keller, MC},
title = {Nick Martin as a Mentor - A Perspective.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {112-113},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.39},
pmid = {32434608},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {Genetics, Behavioral/*education/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mentors/*education ; },
abstract = {Nick Martin has had an outsized influence on the field of behavioral genetics. Much of this influence stems from his mentorship of young scientists. I describe Nick's mentorship, and what makes it special, from a personal perspective.},
}

Genetics, Behavioral/*education/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Mentors/*education

@article {pmid32423524,
year = {2020},
author = {Yang, J},
title = {The SNP-Based Heritability - A Commentary on Yang et al. (2010).},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {118-119},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.25},
pmid = {32423524},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {*Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history/trends ; Humans ; Models, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; },
abstract = {I write this commentary as a part of a special issue published in this journal to celebrate Nick Martin's contribution to the field of human genetics. In this commentary, I briefly describe the background of the Yang et al. (2010) study and show some of the unpublished details of this study, its contribution to tackling the missing heritability problem and Nick's contribution to the work.},
}

*Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genome-Wide Association Study/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history/trends
Humans
Models, Genetic
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
Quantitative Trait, Heritable

@article {pmid32423517,
year = {2020},
author = {Hewitt, JK},
title = {Nick Martin and the 'Boulder Workshops'.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {80-81},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.32},
pmid = {32423517},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {Genetics, Behavioral/*history/statistics & numerical data ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Multivariate Analysis ; },
abstract = {The author provides a personal perspective on Nick Martin's contributions to behavioral genetics and his role in the workshops on statistical genetics held annually in Boulder. Highlighted are Prof. Martin's seminal work on multivariate behavioral genetics, his career-long commitment to the value of the study of twins, and his enthusiastic support of the didactic mission of the 'Boulder workshops'. These contributions and activities continue unabated as we celebrate Prof. Martin's 70th birthday.},
}

Genetics, Behavioral/*history/statistics & numerical data
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
*Multivariate Analysis

@article {pmid32423498,
year = {2020},
author = {Nyholt, DR},
title = {Migraine, Human Genetics and a Passion for Science.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {105-106},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.22},
pmid = {32423498},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {*Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/history ; Humans ; Migraine Disorders/*genetics/history ; Phenotype ; },
abstract = {This note reflects on my collaborations with Nick Martin and the GenEpi group over the past 20 years. Over the past two decades, our work together has focused on gene mapping and understanding the genetic architecture of a wide range of traits with particular foci on migraine and common baldness. Our migraine research has included latent class and twin analyses cumulating in genome-wide association analyses which had identified 44 (34 new) risk variants for migraine. Leveraging these results through polygenic risk score analyses identified subgroups of patients likely to respond to triptans (an acute migraine drug), providing the first step toward precision medicine in migraine [Kogelman et al. (2019) Neurology Genetics, 5, e364].},
}

*Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genome-Wide Association Study/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/history
Humans
Migraine Disorders/*genetics/history
Phenotype

@article {pmid32423493,
year = {2020},
author = {Hatemi, P},
title = {The Barbarians Are at the Gate!.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {120-122},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.20},
pmid = {32423493},
issn = {1832-4274},
mesh = {Genetics, Behavioral/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Political Systems/*history ; Social Sciences/*history ; },
abstract = {Nicholas Martin's contribution to science is well known. This article reviews one small part of his pioneering work that integrated political and social attitudes with behavior genetics. Nick Martin, in part, led to a paradigm shift in the social sciences, and in political science in particular. These fields were previously wed to behavioralist approaches and now routinely include genetic influences in both theoretical and empirical study. This article also celebrates a part of Nick's contribution that many do not know. Nick Martin does not just build science, he builds scientists. There are many who would not be academics or scholars without Nick's guidance, mentorship and friendship. This review was written to express the deepest appreciation for what he has done and continues to do for science and the scientist.},
}

Genetics, Behavioral/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Models, Theoretical
Political Systems/*history
Social Sciences/*history

@article {pmid31430435,
year = {2020},
author = {Edge, MD and Coop, G},
title = {Donnelly (1983) and the limits of genetic genealogy.},
journal = {Theoretical population biology},
volume = {133},
number = {},
pages = {23-24},
pmid = {31430435},
issn = {1096-0325},
support = {F32 GM130050/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 GM108779/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Genetics, Population/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Pedigree ; },
}

Genetics, Population/*history
History, 20th Century
Humans
Pedigree

@article {pmid33569656,
year = {2021},
author = {Portera, M and Mandrioli, M},
title = {Who's afraid of epigenetics? Habits, instincts, and Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory.},
journal = {History and philosophy of the life sciences},
volume = {43},
number = {1},
pages = {20},
pmid = {33569656},
issn = {1742-6316},
mesh = {*Biological Evolution ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenomics/*history ; *Habits ; *Heredity ; History, 19th Century ; *Selection, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Our paper aims at bringing to the fore the crucial role that habits play in Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by means of natural selection. We have organized the paper in two steps: first, we analyse value and functions of the concept of habit in Darwin's early works, notably in his Notebooks, and compare these views to his mature understanding of the concept in the Origin of Species and later works; second, we discuss Darwin's ideas on habits in the light of today's theories of epigenetic inheritance, which describe the way in which the functioning and expression of genes is modified by the environment, and how these modifications are transmitted over generations. We argue that Darwin's lasting and multifaceted interest in the notion of habit, throughout his intellectual life, is both conceptually and methodologically relevant. From a conceptual point of view, intriguing similarities can be found between Darwin's (early) conception of habit and contemporary views on epigenetic inheritance. From a methodological point of view, we suggest that Darwin's plastic approach to habits, from his early writings up to the mature works, can provide today's evolutionary scientists with a viable methodological model to address the challenging task of extending and expanding evolutionary theory, with particular reference to the integration of epigenetic mechanisms into existing models of evolutionary change. Over his entire life Darwin has modified and reassessed his views on habits as many times as required by evidence: his work on this notion may represent the paradigm of a habit of good scientific research methodology.},
}

*Biological Evolution
*Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenomics/*history
*Habits
*Heredity
History, 19th Century
*Selection, Genetic

@article {pmid32291354,
year = {2020},
author = {Ogbunugafor, CB},
title = {A Reflection on 50 Years of John Maynard Smith's "Protein Space".},
journal = {Genetics},
volume = {214},
number = {4},
pages = {749-754},
pmid = {32291354},
issn = {1943-2631},
mesh = {*Evolution, Molecular ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Proteins/chemistry/*genetics ; },
abstract = {In 1970, John Maynard Smith published a letter, entitled "Natural Selection and the Concept of a Protein Space," that proposed a simple analogy for the incremental process of adaptive evolution. His "Protein Space" analogy contains the substrate for many central ideas in evolutionary genetics, and has motivated important discoveries within several subdisciplines of evolutionary science. In this Perspectives article, I commemorate the 50th anniversary of this seminal work by discussing its unique legacy and by describing its intriguing historical context. I propose that the Protein Space analogy is not only important because of its scientific richness, but also because of what it can teach us about the art of constructing useful and subversive analogies.},
}

*Evolution, Molecular
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Molecular Biology/*history
Proteins/chemistry/*genetics

@article {pmid31815703,
year = {2020},
author = {, },
title = {Ten Years of the International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium: Progress and Next Steps.},
journal = {Journal of Parkinson's disease},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {19-30},
pmid = {31815703},
issn = {1877-718X},
abstract = {In June 2009 a small group of investigators met at the annual Movement Disorders Society meeting in Paris. The explicit goal of this meeting was to discuss a potential research alliance focused on the genetics of Parkinson disease (PD). The outcome of this informal meeting was the creation of the International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), a group focused on collaborative genetics research, enabled by trust, sharing, and as little paperwork as possible. The IPDGC has grown considerably since its inception, including over 100 scientists from around the World. The focus has also grown, to include clinical and functional investigation of PD at scale. Most recently, the IPDGC has expanded to initiate major research efforts in East Asia and Africa, and has prioritized collaborations with ongoing major efforts in India and South America. Here we summarize the efforts of the IPDGC thus far and place these in the context of a decade of progress in PD genomics. We also discuss the future direction of IPDGC and our stated research priorities for the next decade.},
}

@article {pmid33248929,
year = {2021},
author = {Weake, VM},
title = {Gcn5: The quintessential histone acetyltransferase.},
journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta. Gene regulatory mechanisms},
volume = {1864},
number = {2},
pages = {194658},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194658},
pmid = {33248929},
issn = {1876-4320},
mesh = {Animals ; Biochemistry/history ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Developmental Biology/history ; Drosophila/enzymology/genetics ; Eukaryota/*enzymology/genetics ; Female ; Genetics/history ; Histone Acetyltransferases/*metabolism ; Histones/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Transcriptional Activation/*physiology ; },
}

Animals
Biochemistry/history
Chromatin/metabolism
Developmental Biology/history
Drosophila/enzymology/genetics
Eukaryota/*enzymology/genetics
Female
Genetics/history
Histone Acetyltransferases/*metabolism
Histones/metabolism
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Transcriptional Activation/*physiology

@article {pmid32800160,
year = {2020},
author = {Bruckner-Tuderman, L},
title = {ESDR around the Millennium Change.},
journal = {The Journal of investigative dermatology},
volume = {140},
number = {9S},
pages = {S158-S159},
doi = {10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.956},
pmid = {32800160},
issn = {1523-1747},
mesh = {Artificial Intelligence/trends ; Big Data ; Biomedical Research/history/organization & administration/*trends ; Cultural Diversity ; Dermatologists/history/organization & administration/trends ; Dermatology/history/organization & administration/*trends ; Europe ; Female ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; International Cooperation/history ; Leadership ; Molecular Biology/history ; Physicians, Women/history/organization & administration/trends ; Skin Diseases/genetics ; Societies, Scientific/history/organization & administration/*trends ; },
}

Artificial Intelligence/trends
Big Data
Biomedical Research/history/organization & administration/*trends
Cultural Diversity
Dermatologists/history/organization & administration/trends
Dermatology/history/organization & administration/*trends
Europe
Female
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
International Cooperation/history
Leadership
Molecular Biology/history
Physicians, Women/history/organization & administration/trends
Skin Diseases/genetics
Societies, Scientific/history/organization & administration/*trends

@article {pmid32730810,
year = {2020},
author = {Cramer, P},
title = {Rosalind Franklin and the Advent of Molecular Biology.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {182},
number = {4},
pages = {787-789},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.028},
pmid = {32730810},
issn = {1097-4172},
mesh = {Biographies as Topic ; DNA/chemistry ; History, 20th Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; RNA/chemistry ; Viruses/chemistry ; X-Ray Diffraction ; },
abstract = {Rosalind Franklin provided the key data for deriving the double helix structure of DNA. The English chemist also pioneered structural studies of colloids, viruses, and RNA. To celebrate the 100th anniversary of Franklin's birth, I summarize her work, which shaped the emerging discipline of molecular biology.},
}

Biographies as Topic
DNA/chemistry
History, 20th Century
Molecular Biology/*history
RNA/chemistry
Viruses/chemistry
X-Ray Diffraction

@article {pmid32620538,
year = {2020},
author = {Tomáška, Ľ and Cesare, AJ and AlTurki, TM and Griffith, JD},
title = {Twenty years of t-loops: A case study for the importance of collaboration in molecular biology.},
journal = {DNA repair},
volume = {94},
number = {},
pages = {102901},
doi = {10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102901},
pmid = {32620538},
issn = {1568-7856},
mesh = {Animals ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; *DNA Repair ; *DNA Replication ; DNA, Circular/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Eukaryota/genetics/metabolism/ultrastructure ; History, 21st Century ; *Homologous Recombination ; Humans ; Microscopy/history ; Molecular Biology/history ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; Single Molecule Imaging/*history ; Telomere/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Collaborative studies open doors to breakthroughs otherwise unattainable by any one laboratory alone. Here we describe the initial collaboration between the Griffith and de Lange laboratories that led to thinking about the telomere as a DNA template for homologous recombination, the proposal of telomere looping, and the first electron micrographs of t-loops. This was followed by collaborations that revealed t-loops across eukaryotic phyla. The Griffith and Tomáška/Nosek collaboration revealed circular telomeric DNA (t-circles) derived from the linear mitochondrial chromosomes of nonconventional yeast, which spurred discovery of t-circles in ALT-positive human cells. Collaborative work between the Griffith and McEachern labs demonstrated t-loops and t-circles in a series of yeast species. The de Lange and Zhuang laboratories then applied super-resolution light microscopy to demonstrate a genetic role for TRF2 in loop formation. Recent work from the Griffith laboratory linked telomere transcription with t-loop formation, providing a new model of the t-loop junction. A recent collaboration between the Cesare and Gaus laboratories utilized super-resolution light microscopy to provide details about t-loops as protective elements, followed by the Boulton and Cesare laboratories showing how cell cycle regulation of TRF2 and RTEL enables t-loop opening and reformation to promote telomere replication. Twenty years after the discovery of t-loops, we reflect on the collective history of their research as a case study in collaborative molecular biology.},
}

Animals
DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
*DNA Repair
*DNA Replication
DNA, Circular/*metabolism/ultrastructure
DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
Eukaryota/genetics/metabolism/ultrastructure
History, 21st Century
*Homologous Recombination
Humans
Microscopy/history
Molecular Biology/history
Muscle Proteins/metabolism
Single Molecule Imaging/*history
Telomere/*metabolism/ultrastructure
Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2/metabolism
Transcription Factors/metabolism
Transcription, Genetic

@article {pmid33568832,
year = {2021},
author = {},
title = {The next 20 years of human genomics must be more equitable and more open.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {590},
number = {7845},
pages = {183-184},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-021-00328-0},
pmid = {33568832},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Data Collection/ethics/standards ; Databases, Factual/ethics/standards ; Genetic Privacy/ethics ; *Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Medical/trends ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/*ethics/history/*trends ; *Health Equity ; Healthcare Disparities ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; Indigenous Peoples/genetics ; *Information Dissemination/history ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Informed Consent/ethics ; International Cooperation ; *Open Access Publishing/history ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Time Factors ; },
}

Continental Population Groups/genetics
Data Collection/ethics/standards
Databases, Factual/ethics/standards
Genetic Privacy/ethics
*Genetic Variation
Genetics, Medical/trends
Genome, Human/*genetics
Genomics/*ethics/history/*trends
*Health Equity
Healthcare Disparities
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genome Project/history
Humans
Indigenous Peoples/genetics
*Information Dissemination/history
Information Storage and Retrieval
Informed Consent/ethics
International Cooperation
*Open Access Publishing/history
SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Time Factors

@article {pmid33667390,
year = {2021},
author = {Eichler, EE},
title = {2020 William Allan Award introduction: Mary-Claire King.},
journal = {American journal of human genetics},
volume = {108},
number = {3},
pages = {383-385},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.12.011},
pmid = {33667390},
issn = {1537-6605},
mesh = {Awards and Prizes ; Genetics, Medical/*history ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genetics/*history ; Humans ; United States ; },
abstract = {This article is based on the address given by the author at the 2020 virtual meeting of the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) on October 26, 2020. The video of the original address can be found at the ASHG website. Photo credit: Clare McLean.},
}

Awards and Prizes
Genetics, Medical/*history
History, 21st Century
Human Genetics/*history
Humans
United States

@article {pmid33087271,
year = {2020},
author = {Van Houten, B},
title = {Graphical snapshot of Samuel H. Wilson.},
journal = {DNA repair},
volume = {93},
number = {},
pages = {102934},
doi = {10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102934},
pmid = {33087271},
issn = {1568-7856},
mesh = {Animals ; Biochemistry/*history ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Polymerase beta/metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; United States ; },
}

Animals
Biochemistry/*history
Crystallography, X-Ray
DNA/metabolism
*DNA Damage
DNA Polymerase beta/metabolism
*DNA Repair
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/*history
United States

@article {pmid33087270,
year = {2020},
author = {Hanawalt, PC},
title = {Tribute to Sam Wilson: Shining a light on base excision DNA repair.},
journal = {DNA repair},
volume = {93},
number = {},
pages = {102933},
doi = {10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102933},
pmid = {33087270},
issn = {1568-7856},
mesh = {Animals ; Biochemistry/*history ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/metabolism ; *DNA Damage ; DNA Polymerase beta/metabolism ; *DNA Repair ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*metabolism ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; United States ; },
}

Animals
Biochemistry/*history
Crystallography, X-Ray
DNA/metabolism
*DNA Damage
DNA Polymerase beta/metabolism
*DNA Repair
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*metabolism
Gene-Environment Interaction
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/*history
United States

@article {pmid33568833,
year = {2021},
author = {Powell, K},
title = {The broken promise that undermines human genome research.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {590},
number = {7845},
pages = {198-201},
pmid = {33568833},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {Cohort Studies ; Databases, Genetic/history/supply & distribution ; Datasets as Topic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Privacy ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics/history/organization & administration/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; *Information Dissemination/history ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; Open Access Publishing/history/trends ; Ownership ; Reproducibility of Results ; United States ; },
}

Cohort Studies
Databases, Genetic/history/supply & distribution
Datasets as Topic
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetic Privacy
Genome, Human/*genetics
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomics/history/organization & administration/*trends
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genome Project/history
Humans
*Information Dissemination/history
National Institutes of Health (U.S.)
Open Access Publishing/history/trends
Ownership
Reproducibility of Results
United States

@article {pmid33568828,
year = {2021},
author = {Gates, AJ and Gysi, DM and Kellis, M and Barabási, AL},
title = {A wealth of discovery built on the Human Genome Project - by the numbers.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {590},
number = {7845},
pages = {212-215},
pmid = {33568828},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {DNA, Intergenic/genetics ; Drug Discovery ; Genes/genetics ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetics, Medical/*statistics & numerical data/trends ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; History, 21st Century ; *Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Proteins/genetics ; },
}

DNA, Intergenic/genetics
Drug Discovery
Genes/genetics
Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetics, Medical/*statistics & numerical data/trends
Genome, Human/*genetics
History, 21st Century
*Human Genome Project/history
Humans
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
Proteins/genetics

@article {pmid33568827,
year = {2021},
author = {Rotimi, CN and Adeyemo, AA},
title = {From one human genome to a complex tapestry of ancestry.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {590},
number = {7845},
pages = {220-221},
pmid = {33568827},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {Africa/ethnology ; Continental Population Groups/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics/*trends ; Goals ; Haplotypes/genetics ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Human Migration ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; },
}

Africa/ethnology
Continental Population Groups/genetics
Genome, Human/*genetics
Genome-Wide Association Study
Genomics/*trends
Goals
Haplotypes/genetics
History, 21st Century
Human Genome Project/history
Human Migration
Humans
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics

@article {pmid33568817,
year = {2021},
author = {Miga, KH},
title = {Breaking through the unknowns of the human reference genome.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {590},
number = {7845},
pages = {217-218},
pmid = {33568817},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {Chromosomes, Human/genetics ; DNA, Intergenic/genetics ; Euchromatin/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics/*standards/*trends ; Haploidy ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; Proteins/genetics ; Reference Standards ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics ; },
}

Chromosomes, Human/genetics
DNA, Intergenic/genetics
Euchromatin/genetics
Genome, Human/*genetics
Genomics/*standards/*trends
Haploidy
History, 21st Century
Human Genome Project/history
Humans
Proteins/genetics
Reference Standards
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics

@article {pmid33050848,
year = {2020},
author = {Letarov, AV},
title = {History of Early Bacteriophage Research and Emergence of Key Concepts in Virology.},
journal = {Biochemistry. Biokhimiia},
volume = {85},
number = {9},
pages = {1093-1010},
doi = {10.1134/S0006297920090096},
pmid = {33050848},
issn = {1608-3040},
mesh = {*Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Infections/*therapy/virology ; Bacteriophages/*physiology ; Biomedical Research/*history ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Lysogeny ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Phage Therapy/*methods ; Virology/*history ; },
abstract = {The viruses of bacteria - bacteriophages - were discovered 20 years after the discovery of viruses. However, this was mainly the bacteriophage research that, after the first 40 years, yielded the modern concept of the virus and to large extent formed the grounds of the emerging molecular genetics and molecular biology. Many specific aspects of the bacteriophage research history have been addressed in the existing publications. The integral outline of the events that led to the formation of the key concepts of modern virology is presented in this review. This includes the opposition of F. d'Herelle and J. Bordet viewpoints over the nature of the bacteriophage, the history of lysogeny discovery and of determination of the mechanisms of underlying this phenomenon, the work of the Phage group led by M. Delbruck in USA, the development of the genetic analysis of bacteriophages and other research that eventually led to emergence of the concept of the virus (bacteriophage) as a transmissive genetic program. The review also covers a brief history of early applications of the bacteriophages such as phage therapy and phage typing.},
}

*Anti-Bacterial Agents
Bacterial Infections/*therapy/virology
Bacteriophages/*physiology
Biomedical Research/*history
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
Humans
Lysogeny
Molecular Biology/*history
Phage Therapy/*methods
Virology/*history

@article {pmid33066397,
year = {2020},
author = {Peixoto, P and Cartron, PF and Serandour, AA and Hervouet, E},
title = {From 1957 to Nowadays: A Brief History of Epigenetics.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {21},
number = {20},
pages = {},
pmid = {33066397},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Animals ; DNA Methylation ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenomics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; },
abstract = {Due to the spectacular number of studies focusing on epigenetics in the last few decades, and particularly for the last few years, the availability of a chronology of epigenetics appears essential. Indeed, our review places epigenetic events and the identification of the main epigenetic writers, readers and erasers on a historic scale. This review helps to understand the increasing knowledge in molecular and cellular biology, the development of new biochemical techniques and advances in epigenetics and, more importantly, the roles played by epigenetics in many physiological and pathological situations.},
}

Animals
DNA Methylation
*Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenomics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Protein Processing, Post-Translational

@article {pmid33542112,
year = {2021},
author = {Fraser, CM},
title = {A genome to celebrate.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {371},
number = {6529},
pages = {545},
doi = {10.1126/science.abg8615},
pmid = {33542112},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {*Genome, Human ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/*history ; Humans ; },
}

*Genome, Human
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genome Project/*history
Humans

@article {pmid32354350,
year = {2020},
author = {Nekrutenko, A and Schatz, MC},
title = {In memory of James Taylor: the birth of Galaxy.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {105},
pmid = {32354350},
issn = {1474-760X},
mesh = {Genomics/*history ; History, 21st Century ; United States ; },
}

Genomics/*history
History, 21st Century
United States

@article {pmid32768267,
year = {2020},
author = {Guffroy, A and Martin, T and Gies, V},
title = {.},
journal = {La Revue de medecine interne},
volume = {41},
number = {10},
pages = {649-652},
doi = {10.1016/j.revmed.2020.07.005},
pmid = {32768267},
issn = {1768-3122},
mesh = {Autoimmune Diseases/genetics/*therapy ; Autoimmunity/*physiology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genomics/history/methods/trends ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Inventions/history/trends ; Metabolomics/history/methods/trends ; Molecular Targeted Therapy/history/methods/trends ; *Precision Medicine/adverse effects/history/methods/trends ; },
}

Autoimmune Diseases/genetics/*therapy
Autoimmunity/*physiology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genomics/history/methods/trends
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Inventions/history/trends
Metabolomics/history/methods/trends
Molecular Targeted Therapy/history/methods/trends
*Precision Medicine/adverse effects/history/methods/trends

@article {pmid33538910,
year = {2021},
author = {Grote, M and Onaga, L and Creager, ANH and de Chadarevian, S and Liu, D and Surita, G and Tracy, SE},
title = {The molecular vista: current perspectives on molecules and life in the twentieth century.},
journal = {History and philosophy of the life sciences},
volume = {43},
number = {1},
pages = {16},
pmid = {33538910},
issn = {1742-6316},
mesh = {Cultural Diversity ; *Historiography ; History, 20th Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; },
abstract = {This essay considers how scholarly approaches to the development of molecular biology have too often narrowed the historical aperture to genes, overlooking the ways in which other objects and processes contributed to the molecularization of life. From structural and dynamic studies of biomolecules to cellular membranes and organelles to metabolism and nutrition, new work by historians, philosophers, and STS scholars of the life sciences has revitalized older issues, such as the relationship of life to matter, or of physicochemical inquiries to biology. This scholarship points to a novel molecular vista that opens up a pluralist view of molecularizations in the twentieth century and considers their relevance to current science.},
}

Cultural Diversity
*Historiography
History, 20th Century
Molecular Biology/*history

@article {pmid32734383,
year = {2021},
author = {Keyser, C and Zvénigorosky, V and Gonzalez, A and Fausser, JL and Jagorel, F and Gérard, P and Tsagaan, T and Duchesne, S and Crubézy, E and Ludes, B},
title = {Genetic evidence suggests a sense of family, parity and conquest in the Xiongnu Iron Age nomads of Mongolia.},
journal = {Human genetics},
volume = {140},
number = {2},
pages = {349-359},
pmid = {32734383},
issn = {1432-1203},
mesh = {Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics/history ; Body Remains ; Cemeteries/history ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics/history ; Family/history ; Female ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Genetics, Population/history ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Haplotypes/genetics ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Mongolia ; Parity/*genetics ; Pregnancy ; Transients and Migrants/history ; },
abstract = {In an effort to characterize the people who composed the groups known as the Xiongnu, nuclear and whole mitochondrial DNA data were generated from the skeletal remains of 52 individuals excavated from the Tamir Ulaan Khoshuu (TUK) cemetery in Central Mongolia. This burial site, attributed to the Xiongnu period, was used from the first century BC to the first century AD. Kinship analyses were conducted using autosomal and Y-chromosomal DNA markers along with complete sequences of the mitochondrial genome. These analyses suggested close kin relationships between many individuals. Nineteen such individuals composed a large family spanning five generations. Within this family, we determined that a woman was of especially high status; this is a novel insight into the structure and hierarchy of societies from the Xiongnu period. Moreover, our findings confirmed that the Xiongnu had a strongly admixed mitochondrial and Y-chromosome gene pools and revealed a significant western component in the Xiongnu group studied. Using a fine-scale approach (haplotype instead of haplogroup-level information), we propose Scytho-Siberians as ancestors of the Xiongnu and Huns as their descendants.},
}

Adult
Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics/history
Body Remains
Cemeteries/history
Child
Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics
DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics/history
Family/history
Female
Genetic Markers/genetics
Genetics, Population/history
Genome, Human/*genetics
Genome, Mitochondrial/genetics
Haplotypes/genetics
History, Ancient
Humans
Male
Mongolia
Parity/*genetics
Pregnancy
Transients and Migrants/history

@article {pmid33273116,
year = {2020},
author = {Azar, B},
title = {Profile of Haig H. Kazazian Jr.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {117},
number = {51},
pages = {32185-32188},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2023398117},
pmid = {33273116},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; *Interspersed Repetitive Sequences ; United States ; },
}

Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
*Interspersed Repetitive Sequences
United States

@article {pmid33214494,
year = {2020},
author = {},
title = {Frans H. J. Claas, PhD, Eurotransplant Reference Laboratory, Department of Immunohaematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.},
journal = {Transplantation},
volume = {104},
number = {12},
pages = {2461-2463},
doi = {10.1097/TP.0000000000003392},
pmid = {33214494},
issn = {1534-6080},
mesh = {Biomedical Research/*history ; Career Choice ; Histocompatibility Testing/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Immunogenetics/*history ; Organ Transplantation/*history ; },
}

Biomedical Research/*history
Career Choice
Histocompatibility Testing/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Immunogenetics/*history
Organ Transplantation/*history

@article {pmid32950123,
year = {2020},
author = {Turda, M},
title = {Subversive affinities: Embracing soviet science in late 1940s Romania.},
journal = {Studies in history and philosophy of biological and biomedical sciences},
volume = {83},
number = {},
pages = {101131},
doi = {10.1016/j.shpsc.2018.04.004},
pmid = {32950123},
issn = {1879-2499},
mesh = {Biology/*history/organization & administration/standards ; Communism ; Genetics/history/organization & administration/standards ; History, 20th Century ; Romania ; Science/*history/organization & administration/standards ; USSR ; },
abstract = {This article discusses the appropriation of Soviet science in Romania during the late 1940s. To achieve this, I discuss various publications on biology, anthropology, heredity and genetics. In a climate of major political change, following the end of the Second World War, all scientific fields in Romania were gradually subjected to political pressures to adapt and change according to a new ideological context. Yet the adoption of Soviet science during the late 1940s was not a straightforward process of scientific acculturation. Whilst the deference to Soviet authors remained consistent through most of Romanian scientific literature at the time, what is perhaps less visible is the attempt to refashion Romanian science itself in order to serve the country's new political imaginary and social transformation. Some Romanian biologists and physicians embraced Soviet scientific theories as a demonstration of their loyalty to the newly established regime. Others, however, were remained committed to local and Western scientific traditions they deemed essential to the survival of their discipline. A critical reassessment of the late 1940s is essential to an understanding of these dissensions as well as of the overall political and institutional constraints shaping the development of a new politics of science in communist Romania.},
}

Biology/*history/organization & administration/standards
Communism
Genetics/history/organization & administration/standards
History, 20th Century
Romania
Science/*history/organization & administration/standards
USSR

@article {pmid32277446,
year = {2020},
author = {Rustgi, S and Skadhauge, B},
title = {Diter von Wettstein, Professor of Genetics and Master of Translating Science into Applications.},
journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
volume = {2124},
number = {},
pages = {3-18},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-0716-0356-7_1},
pmid = {32277446},
issn = {1940-6029},
mesh = {Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Plant Breeding ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Research ; *Translational Medical Research ; },
abstract = {The present and subsequent chapters in this volume are dedicated to the life and research of Professor Diter von Wettstein who contributed immensely to the development of science and education. His contributions spanned various fields of science such as genetics, physiology, ultrastructural analysis, molecular biology, genomics, and biotechnology including genome editing. He performed and promoted pioneering research in the fields of epigenetics, directed evolution of enzymes, synthetic biology (promoter and gene optimizations), and genomics (genome sequencing of baker's yeast). Glimpses of his time at the Carlsberg Laboratory and Washington State University, with examples from the research performed at these institutions, are included in this chapter. His life is an inspiration to the next generation of biologists. Despite difficult situations, his persistent efforts and keen desire to learn enabled him to overcome obstacles. He always tried to attain the best, excelling in translating fundamental knowledge into applications.},
}

Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Plant Breeding
Plants, Genetically Modified
Research
*Translational Medical Research

@article {pmid32187712,
year = {2020},
author = {Li Wan Po, A},
title = {Genomic research delivering on promises: From rejuvenation to vaccines and pharmacogenetics.},
journal = {Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics},
volume = {45},
number = {3},
pages = {585-589},
pmid = {32187712},
issn = {1365-2710},
mesh = {Europe ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Pharmacogenetics/*history ; },
abstract = {WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: There has been astounding progress made in the treatment of disease over recent years. This progress is particularly marked in cell therapy and in the personalization of therapy based on genetic insight, an approach known as genomic medicine. Our objective is to comment on the progress made in cell and genomic medicine against an historical backcloth of the search for rejuvenation.

COMMENT: In 1741, close to seven decades after Antoine van Leeuwenhoek first saw his microscopic animalcules, Abraham Trembley, a tutor in Leiden, reported on an organism that could regenerate itself. The strange organism was thought to hold the secret of life. If it does, we have yet to prise the secret out. However, the ensuing study of cell programming and induced stem cells has shed considerable light on cellular development and provided new insights on the rejuvenative capacity of organisms. Inventive scientists have provided a deeper understanding of cell replication and, from this, developed new medicines for an increasing range of diseases. Targeted therapies, oligonucleotide therapy, therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and pharmacogenetics are all new therapeutic areas originating from the improved insights. More will surely follow.

WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Immortality is for the gods, but man's search for its elusive secrets, perhaps as old as man himself, will continue. Huge leaps have been made, and effective medicines have been developed from our improved insights into the mechanism of life. However, only the foolish will predict how far this new knowledge will lead us, and more particularly, at what speed new therapies will follow.},
}

Europe
History, 18th Century
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Pharmacogenetics/*history

@article {pmid33185114,
year = {2021},
author = {Lee, SH and Kim, DH and Kuzmanov, U and Gramolini, AO},
title = {Membrane proteomic profiling of the heart: past, present, and future.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology},
volume = {320},
number = {1},
pages = {H417-H423},
doi = {10.1152/ajpheart.00659.2020},
pmid = {33185114},
issn = {1522-1539},
support = {GPG-102166//CIHR/Canada ; MOP-123320//CIHR/Canada ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Forecasting ; Heart Diseases/*metabolism/pathology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism/pathology ; *Proteomics/history/trends ; },
abstract = {Cardiovascular diseases remain the most rapidly rising contributing factor of all-cause mortality and the leading cause of inpatient hospitalization worldwide, with costs exceeding $30 billion annually in North America. Cell surface and membrane-associated proteins play an important role in cardiomyocyte biology and are involved in the pathogenesis of many human heart diseases. In cardiomyocytes, membrane proteins serve as critical signaling receptors, Ca2+ cycling regulators, and electrical propagation regulators, all functioning in concert to maintain spontaneous and synchronous contractions of cardiomyocytes. Membrane proteins are excellent pharmaceutical targets due to their uniquely exposed position within the cell. Perturbations in cardiac membrane protein localization and function have been implicated in the progression and pathogenesis of many heart diseases. However, previous attempts at profiling the cardiac membrane proteome have yielded limited results due to poor technological developments for isolating hydrophobic, low-abundance membrane proteins. Comprehensive mapping and characterization of the cardiac membrane proteome thereby remains incomplete. This review will focus on recent advances in mapping the cardiac membrane proteome and the role of novel cardiac membrane proteins in the healthy and the diseased heart.},
}

Animals
Cell Membrane/*metabolism
Diffusion of Innovation
Forecasting
Heart Diseases/*metabolism/pathology
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Membrane Proteins/*metabolism
Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism/pathology
*Proteomics/history/trends

@article {pmid33393745,
year = {2021},
author = {Collins, FS and Doudna, JA and Lander, ES and Rotimi, CN},
title = {Human Molecular Genetics and Genomics - Important Advances and Exciting Possibilities.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {384},
number = {1},
pages = {1-4},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMp2030694},
pmid = {33393745},
issn = {1533-4406},
mesh = {Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/diagnosis/therapy ; Genetics, Medical/history ; Genomics/ethics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division/history ; United States ; },
}

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
Genetic Diseases, Inborn/diagnosis/therapy
Genetics, Medical/history
Genomics/ethics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Human Genome Project/history
Humans
Molecular Biology/*history
National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division/history
United States

@article {pmid33257575,
year = {2020},
author = {Ravindran, S},
title = {Profile of Se-Jin Lee.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {117},
number = {49},
pages = {30870-30872},
pmid = {33257575},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {Animals ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Mice ; Myostatin/genetics ; },
}

Animals
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Mice
Myostatin/genetics

@article {pmid33168721,
year = {2020},
author = {Viegas, J},
title = {Profile of Masayori Inouye.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {117},
number = {46},
pages = {28543-28545},
pmid = {33168721},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {Biochemistry/*history ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Code ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; RNA, Antisense ; },
}

Biochemistry/*history
Evolution, Molecular
Genetic Code
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Molecular Biology/*history
RNA, Antisense

@article {pmid32492404,
year = {2020},
author = {Anava, S and Neuhof, M and Gingold, H and Sagy, O and Munters, A and Svensson, EM and Afshinnekoo, E and Danko, D and Foox, J and Shor, P and Riestra, B and Huchon, D and Mason, CE and Mizrahi, N and Jakobsson, M and Rechavi, O},
title = {Illuminating Genetic Mysteries of the Dead Sea Scrolls.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {181},
number = {6},
pages = {1218-1231.e27},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.046},
pmid = {32492404},
issn = {1097-4172},
mesh = {Animals ; Base Sequence/*genetics ; Christianity/history ; Genetics/*history ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Israel ; Judaism/history ; Skin/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The discovery of the 2,000-year-old Dead Sea Scrolls had an incomparable impact on the historical understanding of Judaism and Christianity. "Piecing together" scroll fragments is like solving jigsaw puzzles with an unknown number of missing parts. We used the fact that most scrolls are made from animal skins to "fingerprint" pieces based on DNA sequences. Genetic sorting of the scrolls illuminates their textual relationship and historical significance. Disambiguating the contested relationship between Jeremiah fragments supplies evidence that some scrolls were brought to the Qumran caves from elsewhere; significantly, they demonstrate that divergent versions of Jeremiah circulated in parallel throughout Israel (ancient Judea). Similarly, patterns discovered in non-biblical scrolls, particularly the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice, suggest that the Qumran scrolls represent the broader cultural milieu of the period. Finally, genetic analysis divorces debated fragments from the Qumran scrolls. Our study demonstrates that interdisciplinary approaches enrich the scholar's toolkit.},
}

Animals
Base Sequence/*genetics
Christianity/history
Genetics/*history
History, Ancient
Humans
Israel
Judaism/history
Skin/*metabolism

@article {pmid31729651,
year = {2020},
author = {Morris, CB and Poland, JC and May, JC and McLean, JA},
title = {Fundamentals of Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Biomolecules.},
journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
volume = {2084},
number = {},
pages = {1-31},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-0716-0030-6_1},
pmid = {31729651},
issn = {1940-6029},
support = {R01 GM092218/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R03 CA222452/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Genomics/history/instrumentation/methods/trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Ion Mobility Spectrometry/history/instrumentation/methods/trends ; *Metabolomics/history/instrumentation/methods/trends ; *Proteomics/history/instrumentation/methods/trends ; },
abstract = {Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) combines complementary size- and mass-selective separations into a single analytical platform. This chapter provides context for both the instrumental arrangements and key application areas that are commonly encountered in bioanalytical settings. New advances in these high-throughput strategies are described with description of complementary informatics tools to effectively utilize these data-intensive measurements. Rapid separations such as these are especially important in systems, synthetic, and chemical biology in which many small molecules are transient and correspond to various biological classes for integrated omics measurements. This chapter highlights the fundamentals of IM-MS and its applications toward biomolecular separations and discusses methods currently being used in the fields of proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics.},
}

*Genomics/history/instrumentation/methods/trends
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
*Ion Mobility Spectrometry/history/instrumentation/methods/trends
*Metabolomics/history/instrumentation/methods/trends
*Proteomics/history/instrumentation/methods/trends

@article {pmid33122373,
year = {2020},
author = {Verdin, E},
title = {Paolo Sassone-Corsi (1956-2020).},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {370},
number = {6516},
pages = {532},
doi = {10.1126/science.abe9149},
pmid = {33122373},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {Epigenomics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Italy ; Molecular Biology/*history ; United States ; },
}

Epigenomics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Italy
Molecular Biology/*history
United States

@article {pmid33275883,
year = {2020},
author = {},
title = {Education, Experience, and Action: An Interview with Dr. Trevor K. Archer.},
journal = {Molecular cell},
volume = {80},
number = {5},
pages = {749-751},
doi = {10.1016/j.molcel.2020.11.018},
pmid = {33275883},
issn = {1097-4164},
mesh = {*Cell Biology/education/history ; *Epigenomics/education/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*history ; Portraits as Topic ; *Stem Cells ; United States ; },
abstract = {We asked Dr. Archer about his experiences in academia, struggles he has faced, and thoughts on addressing racial bias. We hope that this series sparks a larger discussion of issues faced by underrepresented scientists and ways the scientific community can foster diversity and better support underrepresented scientists. The opinions expressed here are those of Dr. Archer and not the NIH/NIEHS or the US government.},
}

*Cell Biology/education/history
*Epigenomics/education/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*history
Portraits as Topic
*Stem Cells
United States

@article {pmid32929272,
year = {2020},
author = {},
title = {Marking a milestone.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Genetics},
volume = {21},
number = {10},
pages = {573},
doi = {10.1038/s41576-020-0280-6},
pmid = {32929272},
issn = {1471-0064},
mesh = {Anniversaries and Special Events ; Genetics/*history ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Periodicals as Topic/*history ; Publishing/*history ; },
}

Anniversaries and Special Events
Genetics/*history
History, 21st Century
Humans
Periodicals as Topic/*history
Publishing/*history

@article {pmid32798645,
year = {2020},
author = {Lodish, HF},
title = {Over 60 Years of Experimental Hematology (without a License).},
journal = {Experimental hematology},
volume = {89},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1016/j.exphem.2020.08.005},
pmid = {32798645},
issn = {1873-2399},
mesh = {Cloning, Molecular ; Erythrocytes/metabolism/pathology ; Erythroid Precursor Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Erythropoiesis/genetics ; Gene Expression ; Hematology/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Receptors, Erythropoietin/genetics/*history/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; alpha-Globins/genetics/metabolism ; beta-Globins/genetics/metabolism ; beta-Thalassemia/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; },
abstract = {I am deeply honored to receive the International Society for Experimental Hematology (ISEH) 2020 Donald Metcalf Lecture Award. Although I am not a physician and have had no formal training in hematology, I have had the privilege of working with some of the top hematologists in the world, beginning in 1970 when Dr. David Nathan was a sabbatical visitor in my laboratory and introduced me to hematological diseases. And I take this award to be given not just to me but to an exceptional group of MD and PhD trainees and visitors in my laboratory who have cloned and characterized many proteins and RNAs important for red cell development and function. Many of these projects involved taking exceptionally large risks in developing and employing novel experimental technologies. Unsurprisingly, all of these trainees have gone on to become leaders in hematology and, more broadly, in molecular cell biology and molecular medicine. To illustrate some of the challenges we have faced and the technologies we had to develop, I have chosen several of our multiyear projects to describe in some detail: elucidating the regulation of translation of α- and β-globin mRNAs and the defect in beta thalassemia in the 1970s; cloning the Epo receptor and several red cell membrane proteins in the 1980s and 1990s; and more recently, determining the function of many microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in red cell development. I summarize how we are currently utilizing single-cell transcriptomics (scRNAseq) to understand how dividing transit-amplifying burst-forming unit erythroid progenitors balance the need for more progenitor cells with the need for terminally differentiated erythroid cells, and to identify drugs potentially useful in treating Epo-resistant anemias such as Diamond Blackfan anemia. I hope that the lessons I learned in managing these diverse fellows and projects, initially without having grants to support them, will be helpful to others who would like to undertake ambitious and important lines of research in hematology.},
}

Cloning, Molecular
Erythrocytes/metabolism/pathology
Erythroid Precursor Cells/cytology/*metabolism
Erythropoiesis/genetics
Gene Expression
Hematology/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/*history
Receptors, Erythropoietin/genetics/*history/metabolism
Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
alpha-Globins/genetics/metabolism
beta-Globins/genetics/metabolism
beta-Thalassemia/*genetics/metabolism/pathology

@article {pmid32546820,
year = {2020},
author = {Yunusbaev, U and Ionusbaev, A and Han, G and Kwon, HW},
title = {Recent effective population size in Eastern European plain Russians correlates with the key historical events.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {9729},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-66734-y},
pmid = {32546820},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Databases, Genetic ; Ethnic Groups/*genetics/history ; Europe, Eastern ; Genetics, Population/*history/methods ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics ; *Population Density ; Russia ; },
abstract = {Effective population size reflects the history of population growth, contraction, and structuring. When the effect of structuring is negligible, the inferred trajectory of the effective population size can be informative about the key events in the history of a population. We used the IBDNe and DoRIS approaches, which exploit the data on IBD sharing between genomes, to reconstruct the recent effective population size in two population datasets of Russians from Eastern European plain: (1) ethnic Russians sampled from the westernmost part of Russia; (2) ethnic Russians, Bashkirs, and Tatars sampled from the Volga-Ural region. In this way, we examined changes in effective population size among ethnic Russians that reside in their historical area at the West of the plain, and that expanded eastward to come into contact with the indigenous peoples at the East of the plain. We compared the inferred demographic trajectories of each ethnic group to written historical data related to demographic events such as migration, war, colonization, famine, establishment, and collapse of empires. According to IBDNe estimations, 200 generations (~6000 years) ago, the effective size of the ancestral populations of Russians, Bashkirs, and Tatars hovered around 3,000, 30,000, and 8,000 respectively. Then, the ethnic Russians exponentially grew with increasing rates for the last 115 generations and become the largest ethnic group of the plain. Russians do not show any drop in effective population size after the key historical conflicts, including the Mongol invasion. The only exception is a moderate drop in the 17th century, which is well known in Russian history as The Smuta. Our analyses suggest a more eventful recent population history for the two small ethnic groups that came into contact with ethnic Russians in the Volga-Ural region. We found that the effective population size of Bashkirs and Tatars started to decrease during the time of the Mongol invasion. Interestingly, there is an even stronger drop in the effective population size that coincides with the expansion of Russians to the East. Thus, 15-20 generations ago, i.e. in the 16-18th centuries in the trajectories of Bashkirs and Tatars, we observe the bottlenecks of four and twenty thousand, respectively. Our results on the recent effective population size correlate with the key events in the history of populations of the Eastern European plain and have importance for designing biomedical studies in the region.},
}

Databases, Genetic
Ethnic Groups/*genetics/history
Europe, Eastern
Genetics, Population/*history/methods
History, 15th Century
History, 16th Century
History, 17th Century
History, 18th Century
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
History, Ancient
History, Medieval
Humans
Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
*Population Density
Russia

@article {pmid33007197,
year = {2020},
author = {Ragsdale, AP and Nelson, D and Gravel, S and Kelleher, J},
title = {Lessons Learned from Bugs in Models of Human History.},
journal = {American journal of human genetics},
volume = {107},
number = {4},
pages = {583-588},
pmid = {33007197},
issn = {1537-6605},
support = {MOP 136855//CIHR/Canada ; },
mesh = {Algorithms ; Computer Simulation ; Demography ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population/history/*trends ; *Genome, Human ; History, Ancient ; Human Migration/history/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; *Models, Genetic ; *Software ; },
abstract = {Simulation plays a central role in population genomics studies. Recent years have seen rapid improvements in software efficiency that make it possible to simulate large genomic regions for many individuals sampled from large numbers of populations. As the complexity of the demographic models we study grows, however, there is an ever-increasing opportunity to introduce bugs in their implementation. Here, we describe two errors made in defining population genetic models using the msprime coalescent simulator that have found their way into the published record. We discuss how these errors have affected downstream analyses and give recommendations for software developers and users to reduce the risk of such errors.},
}

Algorithms
Computer Simulation
Demography
Genetic Variation
Genetics, Population/history/*trends
*Genome, Human
History, Ancient
Human Migration/history/statistics & numerical data
Humans
*Models, Genetic
*Software

@article {pmid32928368,
year = {2020},
author = {Josephy, D},
title = {A tribute to Prof. Bruce Ames.},
journal = {Mutation research},
volume = {856-857},
number = {},
pages = {503221},
doi = {10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503221},
pmid = {32928368},
issn = {1873-135X},
mesh = {Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Mutagenicity Tests/*history ; },
}

Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
Humans
Mutagenicity Tests/*history

@article {pmid32821056,
year = {2020},
author = {Moreau-Gachelin, F and Camonis, J and de Gunzburg, J and Goud, B},
title = {[Armand Tavitian (1931-2020): from oncogenes to the Ras superfamily].},
journal = {Medecine sciences : M/S},
volume = {36},
number = {8-9},
pages = {810-812},
doi = {10.1051/medsci/2020136},
pmid = {32821056},
issn = {1958-5381},
mesh = {*Biomedical Research/history ; France ; *Genes, ras ; Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Medical Laboratory Personnel ; *Medical Oncology/history ; Molecular Biology/history ; Multigene Family ; *Oncogenes ; *Physicians ; },
}

*Biomedical Research/history
France
*Genes, ras
Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Medical Laboratory Personnel
*Medical Oncology/history
Molecular Biology/history
Multigene Family
*Oncogenes
*Physicians

@article {pmid32618635,
year = {2020},
author = {Rahman, AH and Homann, D},
title = {Mass cytometry and type 1 diabetes research in the age of single-cell data science.},
journal = {Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity},
volume = {27},
number = {4},
pages = {231-239},
pmid = {32618635},
issn = {1752-2978},
support = {P30 DK020541/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DK123716/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; UC4 DK116284/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Biomedical Research/history/methods/*trends ; Data Science/history/methods/*trends ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*etiology/pathology ; Flow Cytometry/history/methods/trends ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mass Spectrometry/history/methods/trends ; Proteomics/history/*methods/trends ; Single-Cell Analysis/history/methods/*trends ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: New single-cell tec. hnologies developed over the past decade have considerably reshaped the biomedical research landscape, and more recently have found their way into studies probing the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this context, the emergence of mass cytometry in 2009 revolutionized immunological research in two fundamental ways that also affect the T1D world: first, its ready embrace by the community and rapid dissemination across academic and private science centers alike established a new standard of analytical complexity for the high-dimensional proteomic stratification of single-cell populations; and second, the somewhat unexpected arrival of mass cytometry awoke the flow cytometry field from its seeming sleeping beauty stupor and precipitated substantial technological advances that by now approach a degree of analytical dimensionality comparable to mass cytometry.

RECENT FINDINGS: Here, we summarize in detail how mass cytometry has thus far been harnessed for the pursuit of discovery studies in T1D science; we provide a succinct overview of other single-cell analysis platforms that already have been or soon will be integrated into various T1D investigations; and we briefly consider how effective adoption of these technologies requires an adjusted model for expense allocation, prioritization of experimental questions, division of labor, and recognition of scientific contributions.

SUMMARY: The introduction of contemporary single-cell technologies in general, and of mass cytometry, in particular, provides important new opportunities for current and future T1D research; the necessary reconfiguration of research strategies to accommodate implementation of these technologies, however, may both broaden research endeavors by fostering genuine team science, and constrain their actual practice because of the need for considerable investments into infrastructure and technical expertise.},
}

Animals
Biomedical Research/history/methods/*trends
Data Science/history/methods/*trends
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*etiology/pathology
Flow Cytometry/history/methods/trends
History, 21st Century
Humans
Mass Spectrometry/history/methods/trends
Proteomics/history/*methods/trends
Single-Cell Analysis/history/methods/*trends

@article {pmid32614323,
year = {2020},
author = {Jordan, B},
title = {[Junk DNA is out of fashion].},
journal = {Medecine sciences : M/S},
volume = {36},
number = {6-7},
pages = {675-677},
doi = {10.1051/medsci/2020108},
pmid = {32614323},
issn = {1958-5381},
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/*physiology ; Evolution, Molecular ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/history/methods/*trends ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; },
abstract = {A systematic search for non-conventional open reading frames in human DNA reveals a large number of small ORFs encoding peptides generally smaller than 100 amino-acids. These ORFs are transcribed and translated into small proteins, which are demonstrated to have functional significance by bulk CRISPR inactivation. Evidence is also found for bicistronic mRNAs including such a small ORF upstream of a canonical coding sequence. These findings add a new facet to our understanding of biological processes.},
}

Amino Acid Sequence
Base Sequence
DNA, Intergenic/*physiology
Evolution, Molecular
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/history/methods/*trends
Open Reading Frames/genetics
RNA, Messenger/genetics

@article {pmid32577013,
year = {2020},
author = {, },
title = {ImmGen at 15.},
journal = {Nature immunology},
volume = {21},
number = {7},
pages = {700-703},
doi = {10.1038/s41590-020-0687-4},
pmid = {32577013},
issn = {1529-2916},
support = {R01 HL138466/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R24 AI072073/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology ; Gene Regulatory Networks/*immunology ; Genomics/*history/methods ; History, 21st Century ; Immune System ; Immunologic Techniques/*history/methods ; Mice/genetics/*immunology ; },
}

Animals
Gene Expression Regulation/*immunology
Gene Regulatory Networks/*immunology
Genomics/*history/methods
History, 21st Century
Immune System
Immunologic Techniques/*history/methods
Mice/genetics/*immunology

@article {pmid32548727,
year = {2020},
author = {Konashev, M},
title = {Soviet genetics and the communist party: was it all bad and wrong, or none at all?.},
journal = {History and philosophy of the life sciences},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {27},
doi = {10.1007/s40656-020-00323-0},
pmid = {32548727},
issn = {1742-6316},
mesh = {Communism/*history ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; USSR ; },
abstract = {The history of genetics and the evolutionary theory in the USSR is multidimensional. Only in the 1920s after the October Revolution, and due in large part to that Revolution, the science of genetics arose in Soviet Russia. Genetics was limited, but not obliterated in the second half of the 1950s, and was restored in the late 1960s, after the resignation of Nikita S. Khrushchev. In the subsequent period, Soviet genetics experienced a resurgence, though one not as successful as geneticists would have liked. The Communist party bodies interfered constantly, but with different consequences for the development of genetics than when the earlier periods. The main troubles for Soviet genetics occurred during the unique, well-known, most contradictory, and tragic Stalinist period. The start date for the defeat of genetics is also known-August, 1948. In the social history of science and especially in the history of evolutionary biology (including genetics) it is natural, necessary, and even expected to adopt an evolutionary approach. In particular, historians of science need to consider and explain the evolution and dependence of Soviet science in regards to the evolution of Soviet society, the Soviet state, and the Communist party. This evolutionary perspective reflects the standards of evolutionary biology, evolutionary macrosociology, and also the history of science.},
}

Communism/*history
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
USSR

@article {pmid32545927,
year = {2020},
author = {Pederson, T},
title = {The 50th anniversary of reverse transcriptase-and its ironic legacy in the time of coronavirus.},
journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology},
volume = {34},
number = {6},
pages = {7219-7221},
doi = {10.1096/fj.202001010},
pmid = {32545927},
issn = {1530-6860},
mesh = {Betacoronavirus/*genetics/physiology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/history ; United States ; Virus Replication ; },
}

Betacoronavirus/*genetics/physiology
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Molecular Biology/*history
RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*metabolism
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/history
United States
Virus Replication

@article {pmid32541046,
year = {2020},
author = {Ravindran, S},
title = {Profile of Christopher A. Walsh.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {117},
number = {25},
pages = {13861-13863},
pmid = {32541046},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {Awards and Prizes ; Genetics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; National Academy of Sciences, U.S. ; Neurology/*history ; Neurosciences/*history ; United States ; },
}

Awards and Prizes
Genetics/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
National Academy of Sciences, U.S.
Neurology/*history
Neurosciences/*history
United States

@article {pmid32524311,
year = {2020},
author = {Veigl, SJ and Harman, O and Lamm, E},
title = {Friedrich Miescher's Discovery in the Historiography of Genetics: From Contamination to Confusion, from Nuclein to DNA.},
journal = {Journal of the history of biology},
volume = {53},
number = {3},
pages = {451-484},
doi = {10.1007/s10739-020-09608-3},
pmid = {32524311},
issn = {1573-0387},
support = {1128/15//Israel Science Foundation/International ; W 1228-G18//Austrian Science Fund/International ; },
mesh = {Chemistry/history ; Chromatin/isolation & purification ; DNA/*history/isolation & purification ; Genetics/*history ; *Historiography ; History, 19th Century ; Humans ; Interprofessional Relations ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Suppuration/history ; Switzerland ; },
abstract = {In 1869, Johann Friedrich Miescher discovered a new substance in the nucleus of living cells. The substance, which he called nuclein, is now known as DNA, yet both Miescher's name and his theoretical ideas about nuclein are all but forgotten. This paper traces the trajectory of Miescher's reception in the historiography of genetics. To his critics, Miescher was a "contaminator," whose preparations were impure. Modern historians portrayed him as a "confuser," whose misunderstandings delayed the development of molecular biology. Each of these portrayals reflects the disciplinary context in which Miescher's work was evaluated. Using archival sources to unearth Miescher's unpublished speculations-including an analogy between the hereditary material and language, and a speculation that a series of asymmetric carbon atoms could account for hereditary variation-this paper clarifies the ways in which the past was judged through the lens of contemporary concerns. It also shows how organization, structure, function, and information were already being considered when nuclein was first discovered nearly 150 years ago.},
}

Chemistry/history
Chromatin/isolation & purification
DNA/*history/isolation & purification
Genetics/*history
*Historiography
History, 19th Century
Humans
Interprofessional Relations
Molecular Biology/*history
Suppuration/history
Switzerland

@article {pmid32470374,
year = {2020},
author = {Haber, M and Nassar, J and Almarri, MA and Saupe, T and Saag, L and Griffith, SJ and Doumet-Serhal, C and Chanteau, J and Saghieh-Beydoun, M and Xue, Y and Scheib, CL and Tyler-Smith, C},
title = {A Genetic History of the Near East from an aDNA Time Course Sampling Eight Points in the Past 4,000 Years.},
journal = {American journal of human genetics},
volume = {107},
number = {1},
pages = {149-157},
pmid = {32470374},
issn = {1537-6605},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {DNA/*genetics ; Egypt ; Ethnic Groups/genetics/history ; Genetics, Population/*history ; Genome, Human/genetics ; Haplotypes/genetics ; History, Ancient ; Human Migration/history ; Humans ; Middle East ; },
abstract = {The Iron and Classical Ages in the Near East were marked by population expansions carrying cultural transformations that shaped human history, but the genetic impact of these events on the people who lived through them is little-known. Here, we sequenced the whole genomes of 19 individuals who each lived during one of four time periods between 800 BCE and 200 CE in Beirut on the Eastern Mediterranean coast at the center of the ancient world's great civilizations. We combined these data with published data to traverse eight archaeological periods and observed any genetic changes as they arose. During the Iron Age (∼1000 BCE), people with Anatolian and South-East European ancestry admixed with people in the Near East. The region was then conquered by the Persians (539 BCE), who facilitated movement exemplified in Beirut by an ancient family with Egyptian-Lebanese admixed members. But the genetic impact at a population level does not appear until the time of Alexander the Great (beginning 330 BCE), when a fusion of Asian and Near Easterner ancestry can be seen, paralleling the cultural fusion that appears in the archaeological records from this period. The Romans then conquered the region (31 BCE) but had little genetic impact over their 600 years of rule. Finally, during the Ottoman rule (beginning 1516 CE), Caucasus-related ancestry penetrated the Near East. Thus, in the past 4,000 years, three limited admixture events detectably impacted the population, complementing the historical records of this culturally complex region dominated by the elite with genetic insights from the general population.},
}

DNA/*genetics
Egypt
Ethnic Groups/genetics/history
Genetics, Population/*history
Genome, Human/genetics
Haplotypes/genetics
History, Ancient
Human Migration/history
Humans
Middle East

@article {pmid32437372,
year = {2020},
author = {Hermes, TR and Frachetti, MD and Voyakin, D and Yerlomaeva, AS and Beisenov, AZ and Doumani Dupuy, PN and Papin, DV and Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, G and Bayarsaikhan, J and Houle, JL and Tishkin, AA and Nebel, A and Krause-Kyora, B and Makarewicz, CA},
title = {High mitochondrial diversity of domesticated goats persisted among Bronze and Iron Age pastoralists in the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {e0233333},
pmid = {32437372},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Agriculture/history ; Animals ; Animals, Domestic/*genetics ; Animals, Wild/genetics ; Asia ; Cytochromes b/genetics ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; *Domestication ; Ecosystem ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population/history ; Goats/*genetics ; Haplotypes ; History, Ancient ; Middle East ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; },
abstract = {Goats were initially managed in the Near East approximately 10,000 years ago and spread across Eurasia as economically productive and environmentally resilient herd animals. While the geographic origins of domesticated goats (Capra hircus) in the Near East have been long-established in the zooarchaeological record and, more recently, further revealed in ancient genomes, the precise pathways by which goats spread across Asia during the early Bronze Age (ca. 3000 to 2500 cal BC) and later remain unclear. We analyzed sequences of hypervariable region 1 and cytochrome b gene in the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of goats from archaeological sites along two proposed transmission pathways as well as geographically intermediary sites. Unexpectedly high genetic diversity was present in the Inner Asian Mountain Corridor (IAMC), indicated by mtDNA haplotypes representing common A lineages and rarer C and D lineages. High mtDNA diversity was also present in central Kazakhstan, while only mtDNA haplotypes of lineage A were observed from sites in the Northern Eurasian Steppe (NES). These findings suggest that herding communities living in montane ecosystems were drawing from genetically diverse goat populations, likely sourced from communities in the Iranian Plateau, that were sustained by repeated interaction and exchange. Notably, the mitochondrial genetic diversity associated with goats of the IAMC also extended into the semi-arid region of central Kazakhstan, while NES communities had goats reflecting an isolated founder population, possibly sourced via eastern Europe or the Caucasus region.},
}

Agriculture/history
Animals
Animals, Domestic/*genetics
Animals, Wild/genetics
Asia
Cytochromes b/genetics
DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics
*Domestication
Ecosystem
Genetic Variation
Genetics, Population/history
Goats/*genetics
Haplotypes
History, Ancient
Middle East
Phylogeny
Phylogeography

@article {pmid32313080,
year = {2020},
author = {Furtwängler, A and Rohrlach, AB and Lamnidis, TC and Papac, L and Neumann, GU and Siebke, I and Reiter, E and Steuri, N and Hald, J and Denaire, A and Schnitzler, B and Wahl, J and Ramstein, M and Schuenemann, VJ and Stockhammer, PW and Hafner, A and Lösch, S and Haak, W and Schiffels, S and Krause, J},
title = {Ancient genomes reveal social and genetic structure of Late Neolithic Switzerland.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {1915},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-020-15560-x},
pmid = {32313080},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Archaeology ; *DNA, Ancient ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; Europe ; European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; France ; Genetics, Population/*history ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Germany ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Switzerland ; },
abstract = {Genetic studies of Neolithic and Bronze Age skeletons from Europe have provided evidence for strong population genetic changes at the beginning and the end of the Neolithic period. To further understand the implications of these in Southern Central Europe, we analyze 96 ancient genomes from Switzerland, Southern Germany, and the Alsace region in France, covering the Middle/Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age. Similar to previously described genetic changes in other parts of Europe from the early 3rd millennium BCE, we detect an arrival of ancestry related to Late Neolithic pastoralists from the Pontic-Caspian steppe in Switzerland as early as 2860-2460 calBCE. Our analyses suggest that this genetic turnover was a complex process lasting almost 1000 years and involved highly genetically structured populations in this region.},
}

Archaeology
*DNA, Ancient
DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
Europe
European Continental Ancestry Group/genetics
*Evolution, Molecular
France
Genetics, Population/*history
Genome, Human/*genetics
Germany
History, Ancient
Humans
Switzerland

@article {pmid32265525,
year = {2020},
author = {Frantz, LAF and Bradley, DG and Larson, G and Orlando, L},
title = {Animal domestication in the era of ancient genomics.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Genetics},
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {449-460},
doi = {10.1038/s41576-020-0225-0},
pmid = {32265525},
issn = {1471-0064},
support = {210119/Z/18/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Animal Husbandry ; Animals ; *Animals, Wild ; DNA, Ancient ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; *Domestication ; Founder Effect ; *Genomics/history/methods ; History, Ancient ; Models, Theoretical ; Selection, Genetic ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; },
abstract = {The domestication of animals led to a major shift in human subsistence patterns, from a hunter-gatherer to a sedentary agricultural lifestyle, which ultimately resulted in the development of complex societies. Over the past 15,000 years, the phenotype and genotype of multiple animal species, such as dogs, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle and horses, have been substantially altered during their adaptation to the human niche. Recent methodological innovations, such as improved ancient DNA extraction methods and next-generation sequencing, have enabled the sequencing of whole ancient genomes. These genomes have helped reconstruct the process by which animals entered into domestic relationships with humans and were subjected to novel selection pressures. Here, we discuss and update key concepts in animal domestication in light of recent contributions from ancient genomics.},
}

Animal Husbandry
Animals
*Animals, Wild
DNA, Ancient
DNA, Mitochondrial
*Domestication
Founder Effect
*Genomics/history/methods
History, Ancient
Models, Theoretical
Selection, Genetic
Spatio-Temporal Analysis

@article {pmid32205426,
year = {2020},
author = {Davis, TH},
title = {QnAs with Jens Nielsen.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {117},
number = {14},
pages = {7548-7549},
pmid = {32205426},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {Cell Cycle ; Genomics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/metabolism ; },
}

Cell Cycle
Genomics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/cytology/metabolism

@article {pmid32199506,
year = {2020},
author = {Kirby, T},
title = {Barbara Franke-unravelling ADHD's biology.},
journal = {The lancet. Psychiatry},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {310},
doi = {10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30104-8},
pmid = {32199506},
issn = {2215-0374},
mesh = {Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*genetics ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Netherlands ; Psychiatry/*history ; },
}

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/*genetics
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Molecular Biology/*history
Netherlands
Psychiatry/*history

@article {pmid32186642,
year = {2019},
author = {Miranda C, M and Alamos, MF},
title = {[The influence of medicine in Emile Zola's "Fortune of the Rougon-Macquart"].},
journal = {Revista medica de Chile},
volume = {147},
number = {10},
pages = {1329-1334},
doi = {10.4067/s0034-98872019001001329},
pmid = {32186642},
issn = {0717-6163},
mesh = {France ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn/history ; Genetics/history ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Medicine in Literature/*history ; },
abstract = {Emile Zola is one of the greatest writers in universal literature. In his important series of novels called "The Fortune of the Rougon-Macquart", Zola shows a surprising medical knowledge even though he did not have a formal medical education. We highlight not only his outstanding literary talent, but also the scientific relevance of the tremendous contribution to the medical field that can be extracted from his work. In this series, which describe the history of five generations within a large family suffering from neuropsychiatric and general pathologies, Zola emphasizes the hereditary component of several diseases. These observations probably place him as the first novelist who made an explicit emphasis on the power of inheritance in human behavior. He also mentions for the first time several medical aspects that were seldom addressed in the scientific literature of the time, demonstrating the genius of the writer, his outstanding power of observation and the rigorous preparation with which he wrote his work.},
}

France
Genetic Diseases, Inborn/history
Genetics/history
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
Medicine in Literature/*history

@article {pmid32184270,
year = {2020},
author = {Eve, A},
title = {An interview with Eric Olson.},
journal = {Development (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {147},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/dev.188854},
pmid = {32184270},
issn = {1477-9129},
mesh = {*Developmental Biology/history ; Faculty, Medical/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Molecular Biology/history ; Texas ; United States ; },
abstract = {Eric Olson is Professor and Chair of Molecular Biology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, USA, where he holds the Robert A. Welch Distinguished Chair in Science, the Annie and Willie Nelson Professorship in Stem Cell Research and the Pogue Distinguished Chair in Research in Cardiac Birth Defects. In 1999, he was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences and, in 2001, to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy. He has received several awards, including the American Heart Association Research Achievement Award in 2008 and the Eugene Braunwald Academic Mentorship award in 2016. He has a lifelong interest in muscle development and disease, with a particular interest in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In this interview, conducted at the Society for Developmental Biology's 2019 meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, he discusses his experiences in academia and industry, as well as reflecting on the people and opportunities that contributed to his career.},
}

*Developmental Biology/history
Faculty, Medical/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
*Molecular Biology/history
Texas
United States

@article {pmid32115246,
year = {2019},
author = {Hall, K},
title = {"In Praise of Wool": The development of partition chromatography and its under-appreciated impact on molecular biology.},
journal = {Endeavour},
volume = {43},
number = {4},
pages = {100708},
doi = {10.1016/j.endeavour.2020.100708},
pmid = {32115246},
issn = {1873-1929},
mesh = {Biomedical Research/*history ; Chromatography, Liquid/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Medical Laboratory Personnel ; Molecular Biology/*history ; United States ; },
abstract = {The invention of partition chromatography by the biochemists Archer Martin and Richard Synge in 1941 offered crucial insights into the structure and function of DNA, insights at least as important as those from X-ray crystallography. Even so, the role that partition chromatography played in molecular biological studies is far less well known. Using new archival material, this article describes the origins of Martin and Synge's work, arguing that their achievement was far more than a new technical innovation; it went on to have a profound impact on the development of molecular biology to an extent that scholars have insufficiently appreciated.},
}

Biomedical Research/*history
Chromatography, Liquid/*history
History, 20th Century
Humans
Medical Laboratory Personnel
Molecular Biology/*history
United States

@article {pmid32094358,
year = {2020},
author = {Marcus, JH and Posth, C and Ringbauer, H and Lai, L and Skeates, R and Sidore, C and Beckett, J and Furtwängler, A and Olivieri, A and Chiang, CWK and Al-Asadi, H and Dey, K and Joseph, TA and Liu, CC and Der Sarkissian, C and Radzevičiūtė, R and Michel, M and Gradoli, MG and Marongiu, P and Rubino, S and Mazzarello, V and Rovina, D and La Fragola, A and Serra, RM and Bandiera, P and Bianucci, R and Pompianu, E and Murgia, C and Guirguis, M and Orquin, RP and Tuross, N and van Dommelen, P and Haak, W and Reich, D and Schlessinger, D and Cucca, F and Krause, J and Novembre, J},
title = {Genetic history from the Middle Neolithic to present on the Mediterranean island of Sardinia.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {939},
pmid = {32094358},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {R01 GM132383/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HG007089/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; HHSN271201100005C/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; T32 GM007197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Archaeology/methods ; Body Remains ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics ; *DNA, Ancient ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Datasets as Topic ; Female ; Genetics, Population/*history ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; *Human Migration ; Humans ; Italy ; Male ; *Models, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; },
abstract = {The island of Sardinia has been of particular interest to geneticists for decades. The current model for Sardinia's genetic history describes the island as harboring a founder population that was established largely from the Neolithic peoples of southern Europe and remained isolated from later Bronze Age expansions on the mainland. To evaluate this model, we generate genome-wide ancient DNA data for 70 individuals from 21 Sardinian archaeological sites spanning the Middle Neolithic through the Medieval period. The earliest individuals show a strong affinity to western Mediterranean Neolithic populations, followed by an extended period of genetic continuity on the island through the Nuragic period (second millennium BCE). Beginning with individuals from Phoenician/Punic sites (first millennium BCE), we observe spatially-varying signals of admixture with sources principally from the eastern and northern Mediterranean. Overall, our analysis sheds light on the genetic history of Sardinia, revealing how relationships to mainland populations shifted over time.},
}

Archaeology/methods
Body Remains
Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics
Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics
*DNA, Ancient
DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics
Datasets as Topic
Female
Genetics, Population/*history
History, 15th Century
History, 16th Century
History, 17th Century
History, 18th Century
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
History, Ancient
History, Medieval
*Human Migration
Humans
Italy
Male
*Models, Genetic
Sequence Analysis, DNA

@article {pmid32046470,
year = {2020},
author = {Pederson, T},
title = {The double helix: "Photo 51" revisited.},
journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {1923-1927},
doi = {10.1096/fj.202000119},
pmid = {32046470},
issn = {1530-6860},
mesh = {DNA/*chemistry/*history ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Portraits as Topic ; },
}

DNA/*chemistry/*history
History, 20th Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/*history
Portraits as Topic

@article {pmid32020465,
year = {2019},
author = {Hunter, DJ},
title = {Adventures in the environment and genes.},
journal = {European journal of epidemiology},
volume = {34},
number = {12},
pages = {1111-1117},
pmid = {32020465},
issn = {1573-7284},
mesh = {*Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genotype ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology/*history ; },
}

*Gene-Environment Interaction
Genotype
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Epidemiology/*history

@article {pmid31943624,
year = {2020},
author = {Butel-Simoes, GI and Macrae, F and Spigelman, AD},
title = {Celebrating the career and contributions of Dr Henry T. Lynch (1928-2019).},
journal = {Internal medicine journal},
volume = {50},
number = {1},
pages = {108-109},
doi = {10.1111/imj.14688},
pmid = {31943624},
issn = {1445-5994},
mesh = {Awards and Prizes ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/genetics ; Gastroenterology/history ; Genetics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Medical Oncology/*history ; United States ; },
abstract = {This article celebrates the career of Dr Henry Lynch and his contributions to cancer genetics through his extensive research, clinical practice and his passion for personalising care by using a patient's genetic profile to determine management and treatment. Dr Lynch's contributions were momentous and continue to have relevance to medical practice, in particular in the fields of clinical genetics, medical oncology and gastroenterology.},
}

Awards and Prizes
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/genetics
Gastroenterology/history
Genetics/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Medical Oncology/*history
United States

@article {pmid31935171,
year = {2020},
author = {Peifer, M},
title = {The Eighth Day of Creation: looking back across 40 years to the birth of molecular biology and the roots of modern cell biology.},
journal = {Molecular biology of the cell},
volume = {31},
number = {2},
pages = {81-86},
pmid = {31935171},
issn = {1939-4586},
support = {R35 GM118096/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Cell Biology/history/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/history/*trends ; },
abstract = {Forty years ago, Horace Judson's The Eighth Day of Creation was published, a book vividly recounting the foundations of modern biology, the molecular biology revolution. This book inspired many in my generation. The anniversary provides a chance for a new generation to take a look back, to see how science has and hasn't changed. Many central players in the book, including Sydney Brenner, Seymour Benzer, and François Jacob, would go on to be among the founders of modern cell biology, developmental biology, and neurobiology. These players come alive via their own words, as complex individuals, both heroes and anti-heroes. The technologies and experimental approaches they pioneered, ranging from cell fractionation to immunoprecipitation to structural biology, and the multidisciplinary approaches they took continue to power and inspire our work today. In the process, Judson brings out of the shadows the central roles played by women in many of the era's discoveries. He provides us with a vision of how science and scientists have changed, of how many things about our endeavor never change, and of how some new ideas are perhaps not as new as we would like to think.},
}

Cell Biology/history/*trends
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/history/*trends

@article {pmid31916357,
year = {2020},
author = {Bensch, S},
title = {Scott V. Edwards-Recipient of the 2019 Molecular Ecology Prize.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {20-22},
doi = {10.1111/mec.15348},
pmid = {31916357},
issn = {1365-294X},
mesh = {Awards and Prizes ; Ecology/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/history ; },
}

Awards and Prizes
Ecology/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/history

@article {pmid31871165,
year = {2020},
author = {Suran, M},
title = {Finding the tail end: The discovery of RNA splicing.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {117},
number = {4},
pages = {1829-1832},
pmid = {31871165},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Molecular Biology/*history ; *Nobel Prize ; RNA Splicing/*genetics ; },
}

History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Molecular Biology/*history
*Nobel Prize
RNA Splicing/*genetics

@article {pmid31854131,
year = {2019},
author = {},
title = {13th East-West Immunogenetics Conference, 14-16 March 2019, Zagreb, Croatia.},
journal = {HLA},
volume = {94 Suppl 2},
number = {},
pages = {3-76},
doi = {10.1111/tan.13766},
pmid = {31854131},
issn = {2059-2310},
mesh = {*Congresses as Topic/organization & administration/standards ; Croatia ; Europe ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Immunogenetics/history/*organization & administration/trends ; },
}

*Congresses as Topic/organization & administration/standards
Croatia
Europe
History, 21st Century
Humans
Immunogenetics/history/*organization & administration/trends

@article {pmid31828295,
year = {2020},
author = {Meli, AC and Seidman, CE},
title = {Scientists on the Spot: Putting a halt to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.},
journal = {Cardiovascular research},
volume = {116},
number = {3},
pages = {e42-e43},
doi = {10.1093/cvr/cvz296},
pmid = {31828295},
issn = {1755-3245},
mesh = {Biomedical Research/*history ; Cardiology/*history ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics/*history/physiopathology/therapy ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; },
}

Biomedical Research/*history
Cardiology/*history
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics/*history/physiopathology/therapy
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Mutation
Phenotype

@article {pmid31794267,
year = {2019},
author = {Schüpbach, T},
title = {Genetic Screens to Analyze Pattern Formation of Egg and Embryo in Drosophila: A Personal History.},
journal = {Annual review of genetics},
volume = {53},
number = {},
pages = {1-18},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-genet-112618-043708},
pmid = {31794267},
issn = {1545-2948},
mesh = {Animals ; Body Patterning/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*embryology/*genetics ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; ErbB Receptors/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genetics/*history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Male ; Oocytes/physiology ; Ovary/growth & development/physiology ; Ovum/*physiology ; Receptors, Invertebrate Peptide/genetics/metabolism ; Sex Determination Analysis ; Sex Determination Processes ; United States ; },
abstract = {In Drosophila development, the axes of the egg and future embryo are established during oogenesis. To learn about the underlying genetic and molecular pathways that lead to axis formation, I conducted a large-scale genetic screen at the beginning of my independent career. This led to the eventual understanding that both anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral pattern information is transmitted from the oocyte to the surrounding follicle cells and in turn from the follicle cells back to the oocyte. How I came to conduct this screen and what further insights were gained by studying the mutants isolated in the screen are the topics of this autobiographical article.},
}

Animals
Body Patterning/genetics
Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Drosophila melanogaster/*embryology/*genetics
Embryo, Nonmammalian
ErbB Receptors/genetics/metabolism
Female
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Genetics/*history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Male
Oocytes/physiology
Ovary/growth & development/physiology
Ovum/*physiology
Receptors, Invertebrate Peptide/genetics/metabolism
Sex Determination Analysis
Sex Determination Processes
United States

@article {pmid31748931,
year = {2020},
author = {Hewitt, JK},
title = {Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the Journal, Behavior Genetics.},
journal = {Behavior genetics},
volume = {50},
number = {1},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1007/s10519-019-09981-8},
pmid = {31748931},
issn = {1573-3297},
mesh = {Anniversaries and Special Events ; Genetics, Behavioral/*history/*trends ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; },
}

Anniversaries and Special Events
Genetics, Behavioral/*history/*trends
History, 20th Century
Humans

@article {pmid31744454,
year = {2019},
author = {, },
title = {GSE's 50th anniversary: where do we go from now?.},
journal = {Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE},
volume = {51},
number = {1},
pages = {66},
doi = {10.1186/s12711-019-0504-4},
pmid = {31744454},
issn = {1297-9686},
mesh = {Animals ; Genetics/*history ; Genomics/history ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Periodicals as Topic/*history ; Selection, Genetic ; },
}

Animals
Genetics/*history
Genomics/history
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Periodicals as Topic/*history
Selection, Genetic

@article {pmid31717816,
year = {2019},
author = {Berthel, E and Ferlazzo, ML and Devic, C and Bourguignon, M and Foray, N},
title = {What Does the History of Research on the Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Tell Us?-A Comprehensive Review of Human Radiosensitivity.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {20},
number = {21},
pages = {},
pmid = {31717816},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {INDIRA Project//Commissariat Général à l'Investissement/ ; BERNADOTTE project//Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales/ ; PROUST Project//Institut National Du Cancer/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Cytogenetics/history ; *DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA End-Joining Repair ; DNA Repair/*genetics ; Histones/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Radiation Tolerance/*genetics ; Radiation, Ionizing ; Research/history ; },
abstract = {Our understanding of the molecular and cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR) has progressed considerably. This is notably the case for the repair and signaling of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) that, if unrepaired, can result in cell lethality, or if misrepaired, can cause cancer. However, through the different protocols, techniques, and cellular models used during the last four decades, the DSB repair kinetics and the relationship between cellular radiosensitivity and unrepaired DSB has varied drastically, moving from all-or-none phenomena to very complex mechanistic models. To date, personalized medicine has required a reliable evaluation of the IR-induced risks that have become a medical, scientific, and societal issue. However, the molecular bases of the individual response to IR are still unclear: there is a gap between the moderate radiosensitivity frequently observed in clinic but poorly investigated in the publications and the hyper-radiosensitivity of rare but well-characterized genetic diseases frequently cited in the mechanistic models. This paper makes a comprehensive review of semantic issues, correlations between cellular radiosensitivity and unrepaired DSB, shapes of DSB repair curves, and DSB repair biomarkers in order to propose a new vision of the individual response to IR that would be more coherent with clinical reality.},
}

Animals
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Biomarkers/metabolism
Cytogenetics/history
*DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
DNA End-Joining Repair
DNA Repair/*genetics
Histones/metabolism
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
Radiation Tolerance/*genetics
Radiation, Ionizing
Research/history

@article {pmid31704364,
year = {2020},
author = {Rawson, RV and Scolyer, RA},
title = {From Breslow to BRAF and immunotherapy: evolving concepts in melanoma pathogenesis and disease progression and their implications for changing management over the last 50 years.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {95},
number = {},
pages = {149-160},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2019.09.017},
pmid = {31704364},
issn = {1532-8392},
mesh = {Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/history/*therapeutic use ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/history ; *Dermatology/history/trends ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Disease Progression ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Melanoma/drug therapy/genetics/history/pathology ; Molecular Targeted Therapy/history/trends ; *Mutation ; Pathology, Molecular/history/trends ; Phenotype ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/history ; *Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/history/pathology ; },
abstract = {Since it was first recognized as a disease entity more than two centuries ago, advanced melanoma has, until recently, followed a very aggressive and almost universally fatal clinical course. However, over the past 50 years crucial ground breaking research has greatly enhanced our understanding of the etiology, risk factors, genomic pathogenesis, immunological interactions, prognostic features and management of melanoma. It is this combined body of work which has culminated in the exciting improvements in patient outcomes for those with advanced melanoma over the last ten years. In this the 50th anniversary of Human Pathology, we highlight the key developments in melanoma over this period.},
}

Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/history/*therapeutic use
*Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/history
*Dermatology/history/trends
Diffusion of Innovation
Disease Progression
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
*Melanoma/drug therapy/genetics/history/pathology
Molecular Targeted Therapy/history/trends
*Mutation
Pathology, Molecular/history/trends
Phenotype
*Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/history
*Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy/genetics/history/pathology

@article {pmid31701880,
year = {2019},
author = {Meunier, R},
title = {Project knowledge and its resituation in the design of research projects: Seymour Benzer's behavioral genetics, 1965-1974.},
journal = {Studies in history and philosophy of science},
volume = {77},
number = {},
pages = {39-53},
doi = {10.1016/j.shpsa.2018.04.001},
pmid = {31701880},
issn = {0039-3681},
support = {/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Genetics, Behavioral/*history/methods ; History, 20th Century ; *Research Design ; },
abstract = {The article introduces a framework for analyzing the knowledge that researchers draw upon when designing a research project by distinguishing four types of "project knowledge": goal knowledge, which concerns possible outcomes, and three forms of implementation knowledge that concern the realization of the project: 1) methodological knowledge that specifies possible experimental and non-experimental strategies to achieve the chosen goal; 2) representational knowledge that suggests ways to represent data, hypotheses, or outcomes; and 3) organizational knowledge that helps to build or navigate the material and social structures that enable a project. In the design of research projects such knowledge will be transferred from other successful projects and these processes will be analyzed in terms of modes of resituating knowledge. The account is developed by analyzing a case from the history of biology. In a reciprocal manner, it enables a better understanding of the historical episode in question: around 1970, several researchers who had made successful careers in the emerging field of molecular biology, working with bacterial model systems, attempted to create a molecular biology of the physiological processes in multicellular organisms. One of them was Seymour Benzer, who designed a research project addressing the physiological processes underlying behavior in Drosophila.},
}

Animals
Behavior, Animal
Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
Genetics, Behavioral/*history/methods
History, 20th Century
*Research Design

@article {pmid31697016,
year = {2019},
author = {Wolinsky, H},
title = {Ancient DNA and contemporary politics: The analysis of ancient DNA challenges long-held beliefs about identity and history with potential for political abuse.},
journal = {EMBO reports},
volume = {20},
number = {12},
pages = {e49507},
pmid = {31697016},
issn = {1469-3178},
mesh = {Americas ; *DNA, Ancient ; Emigration and Immigration/history ; Europe ; Genetics, Population/history ; History, Ancient ; Human Genetics ; Human Migration/*history ; Humans ; *Politics ; Racism ; },
abstract = {The sequencing and analysis of ancient human DNA has helped to rewrite human history. But it is also tempting politicians, nationalists and supremacists to abuse this research for their agendas.},
}

Americas
*DNA, Ancient
Emigration and Immigration/history
Europe
Genetics, Population/history
History, Ancient
Human Genetics
Human Migration/*history
Humans
*Politics
Racism

@article {pmid31695220,
year = {2019},
author = {},
title = {Nature at 150: evidence in pursuit of truth.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {575},
number = {7781},
pages = {7-8},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-019-03304-x},
pmid = {31695220},
issn = {1476-4687},
mesh = {Animals ; Anniversaries and Special Events ; Astronomy/history ; Authorship ; DNA/chemistry/history ; *Ethics, Research/history ; Fossils ; Global Warming/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; Group Processes ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Hominidae ; Human Genome Project/history ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Ozone/analysis/history ; Paleontology/history ; Peer Review, Research ; Periodicals as Topic/*history/*standards/trends ; Physics/history ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research/education/*history/standards/*trends ; },
}

Animals
Anniversaries and Special Events
Astronomy/history
Authorship
DNA/chemistry/history
*Ethics, Research/history
Fossils
Global Warming/legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data
Group Processes
History, 19th Century
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Hominidae
Human Genome Project/history
Humans
International Cooperation
Ozone/analysis/history
Paleontology/history
Peer Review, Research
Periodicals as Topic/*history/*standards/trends
Physics/history
Reproducibility of Results
Research/education/*history/standards/*trends

@article {pmid31682887,
year = {2020},
author = {Solanki, M and Visscher, D},
title = {Pathology of breast cancer in the last half century.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {95},
number = {},
pages = {137-148},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2019.09.007},
pmid = {31682887},
issn = {1532-8392},
mesh = {Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/history ; Breast/*pathology ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/history/*pathology ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Pathology, Molecular/history/trends ; },
abstract = {The past 50 years has been an era of technological innovation converging with the now dominant culture of testing hypotheses using clinical trials and case cohort methodology with rigorous statistical analysis. Great advances have been made in early diagnosis and, especially, less toxic and disfiguring primary therapy. Many of the advances in pathology have been in conjunction with efforts to support clinical initiatives, improve diagnostic reliability and translate basic science discoveries into tests that stratify patient management. Pathologists, with the support of epidemiologists, have lead significant advancements in the description and clinical significance of benign breast disease. Despite considerable efforts, the cure for breast cancer awaits better understanding of the pathophysiology of metastasis. We stand now at the brink a new era of technology, in which powerful genomic assays may be put to use in uncovering targets of therapy and defining mechanisms of disease progression. Pathologists must be active in ensuring that discoveries in this realm are optimized by assuring association with appropriate histological correlation and valid clinical endpoints.},
}

Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/history
Breast/*pathology
Breast Neoplasms/genetics/history/*pathology
Diffusion of Innovation
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
*Pathology, Molecular/history/trends

@article {pmid31674271,
year = {2020},
author = {Cavaillon, JM},
title = {André Boivin: A pioneer in endotoxin research and an amazing visionary during the birth of molecular biology.},
journal = {Innate immunity},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {165-171},
pmid = {31674271},
issn = {1753-4267},
mesh = {Endotoxins/*history ; France ; History, 20th Century ; Molecular Biology/*history ; Research/*history ; },
}

Endotoxins/*history
France
History, 20th Century
Molecular Biology/*history
Research/*history

@article {pmid31669060,
year = {2020},
author = {Folpe, AL},
title = {"Hey! Whatever happened to hemangiopericytoma and fibrosarcoma?" An update on selected conceptual advances in soft tissue pathology which have occurred over the past 50 years.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {95},
number = {},
pages = {113-136},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2019.10.001},
pmid = {31669060},
issn = {1532-8392},
mesh = {Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis/genetics/history ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Fibrosarcoma/chemistry/genetics/history/*pathology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Hemangiopericytoma/chemistry/genetics/history/*pathology ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; *Immunohistochemistry/history/trends ; *Pathology, Molecular/history/trends ; Phenotype ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/chemistry/genetics/history/*pathology ; },
abstract = {Hemangiopericytoma and fibrosarcoma represented at one time two of the most common diagnoses in soft tissue pathology. Both terms are now largely extinct. This article will review the clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic advances that have led to these changes, and review the pathologic features of a select group of soft tissue tumors previously classified as hemangiopericytoma or fibrosarcoma.},
}

Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis/genetics/history
Diffusion of Innovation
Fibrosarcoma/chemistry/genetics/history/*pathology
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Hemangiopericytoma/chemistry/genetics/history/*pathology
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
*Immunohistochemistry/history/trends
*Pathology, Molecular/history/trends
Phenotype
Predictive Value of Tests
Soft Tissue Neoplasms/chemistry/genetics/history/*pathology

@article {pmid31659490,
year = {2019},
author = {Lowe, JWE and Bruce, A},
title = {Genetics without genes? The centrality of genetic markers in livestock genetics and genomics.},
journal = {History and philosophy of the life sciences},
volume = {41},
number = {4},
pages = {50},
doi = {10.1007/s40656-019-0290-x},
pmid = {31659490},
issn = {1742-6316},
support = {678757//H2020 European Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animal Husbandry/*history ; Animals ; *Genetic Markers ; Genetic Techniques/*history ; Genetics/*history ; Genomics/history/methods ; History, 20th Century ; Sus scrofa/*genetics ; },
abstract = {In this paper, rather than focusing on genes as an organising concept around which historical considerations of theory and practice in genetics are elucidated, we place genetic markers at the heart of our analysis. This reflects their central role in the subject of our account, livestock genetics concerning the domesticated pig, Sus scrofa. We define a genetic marker as a (usually material) element existing in different forms in the genome, that can be identified and mapped using a variety (and often combination) of quantitative, classical and molecular genetic techniques. The conjugation of pig genome researchers around the common object of the marker from the early-1990s allowed the distinctive theories and approaches of quantitative and molecular genetics concerning the size and distribution of gene effects to align (but never fully integrate) in projects to populate genome maps. Critical to this was the nature of markers as ontologically inert, internally heterogeneous and relational. Though genes as an organising and categorising principle remained important, the particular concatenation of limitations, opportunities, and intended research goals of the pig genetics community, meant that a progressively stronger focus on the identification and mapping of markers rather than genes per se became a hallmark of the community. We therefore detail a different way of doing genetics to more gene-centred accounts. By doing so, we reveal the presence of practices, concepts and communities that would otherwise be hidden.},
}

Animal Husbandry/*history
Animals
*Genetic Markers
Genetic Techniques/*history
Genetics/*history
Genomics/history/methods
History, 20th Century
Sus scrofa/*genetics

@article {pmid31655169,
year = {2020},
author = {MacLennan, GT and Cheng, L},
title = {Five decades of urologic pathology: the accelerating expansion of knowledge in renal cell neoplasia.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {95},
number = {},
pages = {24-45},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2019.09.009},
pmid = {31655169},
issn = {1532-8392},
mesh = {Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/history ; Diffusion of Innovation ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/classification/genetics/history/*pathology ; *Pathology, Molecular/history/trends ; Phenotype ; *Urology/history/trends ; },
abstract = {Those who are knowledgeable in cosmology inform us that the expansion of the universe is such that the velocity at which a distant galaxy is receding from the observer is continually increasing with time. We humbly paraphrase that as "The bigger the universe gets, the faster it gets bigger." This is an interesting analogy for the expansion of knowledge in the field of renal tumor pathology over the past 30 to 50 years. It is clear that a multitude of dedicated investigators have devoted incalculable amounts of time and effort to the pursuit of knowledge about renal epithelial neoplasms. As a consequence of the contributions of numerous investigators over many decades, the most recent World Health Organization classification of renal neoplasms includes about 50 well defined and distinctive renal tumors, as well as various miscellaneous and metastatic tumors. In addition, a number of emerging or provisional new entities are under active investigation and may be included in future classifications. In this review, we will focus on a number of these tumors, tracing as accurately as we can the origins of their discovery, relating relevant additions to the overall knowledge base surrounding them, and in some instances addressing changes in nomenclature.},
}