@article {pmid42124712,
year = {2026},
author = {Samorodnitsky, S and Wu, MC},
title = {Topological Data Analysis of Spatial Protein Expression in Multiplexed Spatial Proteomics Studies.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42124712},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Multiplexed spatial proteomics platforms generate high-resolution images capturing the spatial expression of proteins in tissue. Images are often fed through a complex pre-processing pipeline to identify individual cells (termed segmentation) and then to predict their phenotypes. It is common to test if the inferred spatial arrangement of cells associates with patient-level outcomes. However, cell segmentation and phenotyping are prone to error and this approach neglects the measured protein levels. Further, new research suggests topological analysis of spatial proteomics may yield more power than alternative approaches. We propose a method, TOASTER, that circumvents reliance on segmentation and phenotyping and instead tests the association between continuous spatial protein expression and a patient-level response variable. TOASTER uses topological data analysis to first characterize the presence of topological features within univariate and bivariate spatial protein expression. The topological structure is summarized using an adaptation of the Nelson-Aalen cumulative hazard function. We can then associate this summary with an outcome using either a functional data analytic approach, a gridwise testing approach, or using kernel association testing. We show via simulation that our approach improves power and controls type I error, even in the presence of gaps or tears in the image which may arise during tissue handling. We apply our approach to a study in triple-negative breast cancer and demonstrate topological features of protein expression associated with immunotherapy response.},
}

@article {pmid42244596,
year = {2026},
author = {Foss, EJ and Nodelman, IM and Usenko, A and Furutani, H and Goel, A and Lofts, B and Miles, S and Zhang, Z and Bowman, GD and Tsukiyama, T and Bedalov, A},
title = {Chromatin architecture sets origin licensing capacity.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42244596},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Replication origin licensing enables complete and faithful genome duplication, yet how chromatin regulates this process in vivo remains unclear. Using MCM-ChEC-seq to track helicase loading from metaphase through G1 in budding yeast, we find that licensing occurs in a rapid, synchronous burst at mitotic exit and then reaches an early plateau despite continued permissive cell-cycle conditions and persistent ORC binding at origins. Here we show that this plateau is imposed by chromatin architecture at replication origins, which limits the extent of origin licensing. Histone H3K56 acetylation marks newly replicated chromatin and is removed at S-phase exit by the deacetylases Hst3 and Hst4. Persistent H3K56ac severely impairs MCM loading without affecting ORC occupancy, indicating that chromatin limits licensing at the helicase-loading step. Strikingly, deletion or catalytic inactivation of the chromatin remodeler Isw2 increases licensing by approximately 40% in wild-type cells and fully suppresses the licensing defect in hst3Δ hst4Δ mutants, identifying Isw2 as a physiological inhibitor of origin licensing. Isw2-dependent nucleosome repositioning narrows the origin nucleosome-depleted region and restricts helicase loading. Together, these findings show that chromatin architecture at replication origins sets licensing capacity. Newly replicated chromatin transiently adopts an Isw2-dependent inhibitory configuration that is relieved, but not completely eliminated, by post-replicative chromatin maturation. Genome-wide licensing thus reflects integration of chromatin-imposed licensing capacity with cell cycle-dependent control of licensing timing.},
}

@article {pmid42245034,
year = {2026},
author = {Kobie, JJ and Williams, WB and Hahn, WO and Edlefsen, PT and Isaacs, MB and Miner, MD and Parks, KR and De Rosa, SC and An, H and Yurdadon, C and Spreng, J and Hwang, J and Clark, M and Jain, V and Gregory, SG and Berry, M and Wiehe, K and Goepfert, PA and Tieu, HV and Keefer, MC and Baden, LR and Kalams, S and Morgan, C and Montefiori, DC and Ferrari, G and Regenold, S and Tomaras, GD and McElrath, MJ and Corey, L and Sobieszczyk, ME and Haynes, BF and , },
title = {A phase 1 randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a HIV monomeric gp120 protein B-cell lineage targeting HIV vaccine in healthy adults.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42245034},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The isolation of many HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from people living with HIV (PLWH) and rigorous characterization of their ontogeny has promoted the goal of reverse engineering their natural development as a strategy for achieving an effective preventive HIV vaccine. We previously described the developmental process of CH103, a CD4-binding site (CD4bs)-specific monoclonal antibody, and the associated evolution of HIV Envelopes (Envs) within the person (CH505) from whom it was isolated. A series of monomeric gp120 protein subunit immunogens representing the transmitted founder (TF) and Envs that evolved during infection and optimally reacted with lineage members at each step of the CH103 clone maturation path were evaluated in this placebo controlled randomized vaccine trial to test-- for the first time in humans-- the concept of whether sequential immunization with gp120 monomeric proteins can recapitulate the development of CD4bs B-cell clonal lineages, including CH103.

METHODS: HIV Vaccine Trials Network 115 (HVTN 115) was a randomized placebo-controlled vaccine trial at US clinical research sites. We tested the safety and immunogenicity of CH505TF gp120 + GLA-SE (Part A), and then the ability of sequential CH505 gp120 proteins (corresponding to CH505's weeks 53 and 78 Envs) + GLA-SE immunizations to induce CD4bs-specific neutralizing antibodies (Part B). We assessed binding and neutralizing antibody responses, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis, T-cell responses and B-cell phenotyping.

RESULTS: We enrolled 42 participants between October 2017 and May 2018 for Part A, and 65 participants from December 2020 to October 2022 for Part B. Immunization with the CH505 gp120 proteins adjuvanted with GLA-SE was well tolerated and induced CD4bs-specific B cells and Env-specific plasma antibodies. The plasma neutralizing antibody response was limited to primarily tier 1 autologous and heterologous HIV-1 strains. Blood-derived B-cell repertoire analyses identified CD4bs antibodies that preferentially bound to open-occluded trimeric Envs that exist in an intermediate state between prefusion-closed to CD4-bound open confirmations, consistent with tier 1 HIV neutralizing activity.

CONCLUSIONS: Together, these results suggest that the low-affinity CH505TF gp120 monomer elicited CD4bs antibodies in the sera and B-cell repertoires of humans. However, our findings also indicate that gp120 monomers are insufficient to induce detectable bnAb precursors to epitopes on native Env trimers. Nonetheless, our data provide a benchmark for comparison with ongoing clinical trials testing high-affinity CH505 Env trimers for induction of CD4bs bnAb precursors.},
}

@article {pmid42245788,
year = {2026},
author = {Fuller, H and Rohde, R and Highland, HM and Haessler, J and Wu, L and Graff, M and Platz, EA and Alkis, T and Yu, B and Boerwinkle, E and Grove, M and Kooperberg, C and Peters, U and North, KE and Conti, DV and Haiman, CA and Young, KL and Graff, RE and Darst, BF},
title = {Cross-population metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization study of prostate cancer risk.},
journal = {Research square},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42245788},
issn = {2693-5015},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in US men, with Black men experiencing the highest incidence rates and Black and Hispanic men experiencing higher aggressive PCa rates than White men. Metabolomic dysregulation is a cancer hallmark; however, PCa metabolomic epidemiological evidence is heterogeneous and limited in diverse populations.

METHODS: We conducted a metabolome-wide two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) of PCa risk in African (AFR) and European (EUR) genetic ancestry and Hispanic (HIS) ethnicity populations. MR was performed in each population using serum metabolomic genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from ARIC (NMetabolites=250, NAFR=1,740, NEUR=1,498) and HCHS/SOL (NMetabolites=711, NHIS=3,166) and PCa GWAS summary statistics from PRACTICAL (NAFR=19,391/61,608, NEUR=122,188/604,640, NHIS=3,931/26,405 cases/controls). MR results were meta-analyzed across populations.

RESULTS: We identified 61 significant associations representing 50 unique metabolites in population-specific or cross-population analyses, with enrichment for lipids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids. Upon evaluating the strength of evidence, considering sensitivity analyses and the consistency of findings across populations, fourteen metabolites had strong evidence, including three drug-modifiable and six dietary-modifiable metabolites. Five were novel metabolites not previously reported in PCa MR studies, including two identified in AFR-specific associations: lysophospholipid 1-linoleoyl-GPE (18:20) and fatty acid hexadecanedioate, with colocalization suggesting a shared causal variant (rs28864441) between hexadecanedioate and PCa, and three identified in cross-population associations: amino acid 3-methoxytryosine, fatty acid 2-hydroxysterate, and peptide gamma-glutamylleucine.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence of associations between serum metabolites, particularly fatty acids, and PCa development across populations. The biological mechanisms and clinical utility of these metabolites as biomarkers of PCa risk warrant further investigation.},
}

@article {pmid42364732,
year = {2026},
author = {Wudhikarn, K and Gowda, L and Ye, Q and Oloyede, T and Martens, M and Banerjee, R and Devarakonda, SS and Liu, H and Herr, MM and Young, JH and Jain, T and Dias, A and Nishihori, T and Mirza, AS and Ganguly, S and Beitinjaneh, AM and Aljurf, M and Wirk, B and Farhadfar, N and Efebera, YA and Perales, MA and Ebens, CL and Murthy, HS and Hill, JA and Dandoy, CE and Hong, S and Boghdadly, ZE and Akhtar, OS and Auletta, JJ and Huppler, AR and Abid, MB and , },
title = {Infections within 100 days of idecabtagene vicleucel and impact on survival for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: A CIBMTR Analysis.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.06.029},
pmid = {42364732},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Infections are common after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and contribute to morbidity and mortality. While well characterized with CD19 CAR T-cells, data related to infections with B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR T-cell therapy are limited.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to characterize the burden, patterns, risk factors, and clinical impact of infections on outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) treated with idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel).

STUDY DESIGN: In this real-world analysis, we evaluated 807 patients with RRMM who received ide-cel after ≥4 prior lines of therapy between March 2021 and December 2023, using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry database.

RESULT: The infection density within 100 days post-ide-cel was 0.49 for any infection, and 0.23, 0.22, and 0.012 for bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, respectively. Bacterial infections predominated during the first 30 days post-infusion, whereas viral infections were more prevalent between day +30 and day +100. After a median follow-up among survivors of 11.6 months, 364 patients relapsed and 222 died, translating into a 1-year progression-free survival of 46.5% and overall survival (OS) of 67.3%. Disease progression was the leading cause of death, followed by infections. Infection-related mortality was 1.1% at day +100. On multivariable Cox regression, baseline infection history prior to ide-cel, poor performance status (KPS<80), grade≥2 cytokine release syndrome, and grade≥3 neurotoxicity were independent predictors of infection. Recurrent infections (≥2 events) within 100 days and relapse within 100 days after ide-cel were associated with inferior OS.

CONCLUSION: Infections are common and can result in inferior outcomes after ide-cel, underscoring the importance of risk stratification, surveillance, and stringent infection prevention strategies to optimize outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42364734,
year = {2026},
author = {Faramand, RG and Zhang, A and Roloff, GW and Aldoss, I and Advani, AS and Battiwalla, M and Boccucci, J and Byrd, K and Cassaday, RD and Connor, M and Dykes, KC and Hilal, T and Kopmar, NE and Kota, VK and Lee, CJ and Leonard, JT and Lill, GR and Lin, C and Logan, AC and Majhail, NS and Malik, SA and McCauley, R and Moore, J and Mountjoy, L and O'Connor, T and O'Dwyer, KM and Bobillo, SO and Oliai, CH and Othman, T and Ramakrishnan, A and Sandhu, K and Schwartz, M and Shaughnessy, P and Srinagesh, HK and Sutherland, KC and Tan, V and Tsai, SB and Ulrickson, M and Wang, ES and Yaghmour, G and Frey, NV and Shah, BD and Muffly, LS},
title = {Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Following Standard of Care Brexucabtagene Autoleucel (Brexu-cel) in Adults with B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL): Results from the Real-World Outcomes Collaborative of CAR T in Adult ALL (ROCCA).},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.06.039},
pmid = {42364734},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel) is an autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy approved for adults with relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-ALL. Despite encouraging outcomes, the majority of adults relapse following brexu-cel, highlighting the need for strategies to improve the durability of response. One such strategy is consolidative allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloHCT). Here, we report outcomes of adults with B-ALL who underwent consolidative alloHCT following commercial brexu-cel as part of the Real-world Outcomes Collaborative of CAR-T in Adult ALL (ROCCA).

METHODS: We performed a retrospective multicenter analysis of adults with R/R B-ALL who underwent consolidative alloHCT in complete remission (CR) after commercial brexu-cel and were registered in ROCCA. ROCCA includes 41 US institutions contributing retrospective data for adults with B-ALL treated with brexu-cel between 2021-2025. Patients who received alloHCT after CAR T failure were excluded. Primary endpoints were 12-month overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS); secondary endpoints included relapse, non-relapse mortality (NRM), and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD).

RESULTS: Among 399 brexu-cel-treated patients, 65 underwent consolidative alloHCT including 56 patients who underwent a first alloHCT and nine who underwent 2[nd] alloHCT. Among recipients of first alloHCT, the median age was 34 years, and patients were heavily pretreated with a median of three prior lines of therapy. With a median follow-up of 11 months post-HCT, the estimated 1-year post-HCT OS and EFS were 79% (95% CI, 64-88) and 66% (95% CI, 51-77), respectively. The 1-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 19%, and NRM was 13%. Acute grade II-IV GVHD occurred in 18%, grade III-IV in 4%, and moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD in 12%. In univariable analysis, age ≥40 was associated with inferior OS (HR 4.31, 95% CI 1.40-13.3) and EFS (HR 3.36, 95% CI 1.43-7.91), whereas myeloablative conditioning was associated with improved EFS (HR 0.37, 95% CI 0.15-0.93). Among 2[nd] alloHCT recipients, 1-year EFS and OS were 59% (95% CI, 19-85). The 1-year cumulative incidence NRM was 41% and there were no relapses documented among these patients.

CONCLUSIONS: In this large real-world cohort, consolidative alloHCT after brexu-cel was feasible and associated with encouraging survival, low relapse rates, and acceptable toxicity, particularly among HCT naive recipients. These findings support alloHCT as a viable consolidation strategy following CAR T-induced remission and highlight the need for prospective studies to refine patient selection, conditioning regimens and transplant approaches in the post CAR T setting.},
}

@article {pmid42365137,
year = {2026},
author = {Mongiovi, JM and Babic, A and Sasamoto, N and Townsend, MK and Vitonis, AF and Barnard, M and Hecht, J and Soong, TR and Conejo-Garcia, JR and Peres, LC and Schildkraut, JM and Harris, HR and Doherty, JA and Modugno, F and Fridley, BL and Tworoger, SS and Terry, KL},
title = {Ovarian cancer tumor immune profiles associated with intrauterine device and oral contraceptive use.},
journal = {British journal of cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42365137},
issn = {1532-1827},
support = {T32CA009001//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R03CA259659//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; UM1 CA18610//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; P01 CA87969//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; U01 CA176726/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; K99/R00CA218681//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA188943//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA168758//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; UM1 CA186107/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P01 CA87969//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; U01 CA176726/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01CA258679//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; UM1 CA186107/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P01 CA87969//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; U01 CA176726/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; W81XWH2110320//U.S. Department of Defense (United States Department of Defense)/ ; 9JK02//Florida Department of Health/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Non-hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs) create an inflammatory uterine environment while oral contraceptives (OC) suppress ovulation and have different associations with ovarian cancer risk. We have evaluated the associations of these two contraceptive exposures with ovarian tumor immune infiltration.

METHODS: This study assessed associations of IUD and OC use with tumor immune features via multiplex immunofluorescence in 24 ovarian tumor tissue microarrays from four case-control and two cohort studies. Multivariable-adjusted beta-binomial models estimated the odds of tumor T cell positivity by contraceptive history.

RESULTS: High-grade serous tumors had the highest percentage of tumor cells positive for total T cells (CD3[+] mean=3.4%, SD = 6.1) and each T cell subtype. Ever (vs. never) IUD use was modestly associated with increased cytotoxic T cell infiltration (CD3[+]CD8[+] OR:1.14, 95% CI:0.99-1.32), which was stronger among those with a history of endometriosis, postmenopausal women, and smokers. Conversely, OC use ≥1 year (vs. never) was associated with lower cytotoxic T cell odds (CD3[+]CD8[+] OR:0.89, 95% CI:0.79-1.00; p-het=0.008). Increased odds of terminal T cell exhaustion were observed for IUD use only (CD3[+]PD1[+]TIM3[+] OR:1.53, 95% CI:0.99-2.36), which was stronger among those who had ever used genital powder or BMI > 25 kg/m[2].

CONCLUSIONS: Pre-diagnostic contraception use may influence ovarian tumor immunity and may modulate cancer susceptibility.},
}

@article {pmid42365454,
year = {2026},
author = {Manohar, PM and Shankaran, V and Davidson, NE and Hunter, N and Gwin, WR and Yung, RL and Specht, JM and Federenko, C and Qin, S and Wu, QV and Voustinas, JM and Roth, JA and Linden, HM},
title = {Real-World Practice Patterns in Diagnosis and First-Line Treatment in Metastatic Breast Cancer.},
journal = {The breast journal},
volume = {2026},
number = {1},
pages = {e4333748},
pmid = {42365454},
issn = {1524-4741},
support = {T32CA009515/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; //American Society of Clinical Oncology/ ; //Pfizer/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/therapy/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; *Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data ; Washington ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy/statistics & numerical data ; Registries ; Adult ; },
abstract = {INTRO: Divergence from national guidelines and variations in practice patterns impact care and outcomes in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We sought to assess the quality of care in the diagnosis and treatment of real-world patients with MBC in Washington State.

METHODS: Data were retrospectively analyzed using a linked cancer registry and insurance claims platform for patients with recurrent or de novo MBC diagnosed between 2008 and 2019.

RESULTS: We identified 1101 patients with MBC (median age: 66), 715 recurrent and 386 de novo. Most patients were White (89%), all were insured (Commercial [47%], Medicaid [4%], Medicare [35%], or multiple [13%]), and 15% lived in areas of high deprivation (Area Deprivation Index [ADI]: 8-10). Of the patients with recurrent MBC, less than half received a biopsy (49.5%) or biomarker reassessment (48.7%) to confirm the diagnosis of MBC. Patients treated at high- and medium-volume centers had higher rates of biopsy than low-volume clinics (51.9%, 54.3%, and 40.7%, respectively, p = 0.03). ET alone was more common in patients who did not undergo biopsy (62.3% vs. 37.7%, p < 0.001) or biomarker reassessment (62.7% vs. 37.3%, p < 0.001). Among the 677 patients with estrogen receptor (ER)+/HER2- MBC (de novo and recurrent), most received ET alone (69%), followed by CT (22%) and CDKi + ET (9%). Importantly, 40% of patients were treated before CDK4/6i approval. Most patients who received CDKi + ET were < 65 years old (65.2%, p < 0.02). Patients with commercial insurance were more likely to receive CDKi + ET compared to those with Medicare/Medicaid. (60.9% vs. 26.1%, p = 0.10).

CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight key gaps in MBC management and serve as a launch point for patient-centered and quality-promoting initiatives.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/therapy/drug therapy
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Middle Aged
*Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data
Washington
Neoplasm Metastasis
Aged, 80 and over
Biopsy/statistics & numerical data
Registries
Adult

@article {pmid42367258,
year = {2025},
author = {Jones, SMW and Yi, JC and Henrikson, NB and Panattoni, L and Shankaran, V},
title = {Development of Item Banks to Assess Financial Hardship in Cancer Survivors Using Item Response Theory.},
journal = {Frontiers in cancer control and society},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42367258},
issn = {2813-835X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Financial hardship is common after cancer diagnosis. Current financial hardship measures have advanced the field but a remaining challenge is assessing dimensions of financial hardship. We created item banks to assess four financial hardship dimensions using item response theory (IRT). IRT-based item banks can be tailored to each context and used in computerized adaptive testing (CAT) to reduce participant burden.

METHODS: Cancer survivors (n=459) were recruited from a survivorship program and online survey panel to complete an online or paper survey. Item banks were developed based on previous studies, expert feedback and patient interviews. Each bank had the following number of items: 41- financial coping; 21- financial consequences; 15- financial depression; and 21-financial worry. We used the two-parameter logistic and graded response models for analysis.

RESULTS: The IRT model fit well for all four item banks: financial coping root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.06; financial consequences RMSEA=0.03; financial depression RMSEA=0.05; and financial worry RMSEA=0.03. The accuracy parameters ranged from 1.01 to 6.53 indicating good reliability for each item. The severity parameters showed each item bank assessed financial hardship across two to three standard deviations, supporting content validity. Short forms were developed for financial consequences, depression and worry.

CONCLUSIONS: The item banks can be used to create brief screening measures and with CAT to efficiently screen for each dimension of financial hardship while minimizing burden. Future research is required to assess the clinical utility of using the item banks to screen for financial hardship.},
}

@article {pmid42368479,
year = {2026},
author = {Girard, N and Goldman, J and Lu, S and Bar, J and Horinouchi, H and Daaboul, N and Liu, C and Çiçin, I and Katgi, N and Zer, A and Ciuleanu, T and Reinmuth, N and Planchard, D and Lee, SH and Mansfield, AS and Moskovitz, M and Baijal, S and Baik, C and Hrom, JS and Heist, RS and Yazici, O and Verma, M and Uema, D and Patel, S and Xia, S and Ratajczak, C and Camidge, DR},
title = {Telisotuzumab Vedotin Monotherapy in Patients With Previously Treated c-Met Protein Overexpressing, Nonsquamous, EGFR Wild-type Advanced NSCLC: Updated Analysis of the LUMINOSITY Trial.},
journal = {JTO clinical and research reports},
volume = {7},
number = {7},
pages = {100988},
pmid = {42368479},
issn = {2666-3643},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Telisotuzumab vedotin (Teliso-V) is a c-Met-directed antibody-drug conjugate comprising the monoclonal antibody telisotuzumab and the monomethyl auristatin E payload. Primary analysis of the phase 2 LUMINOSITY trial (NCT03539536) revealed Teliso-V monotherapy 1.9 mg/kg elicited durable responses and had generally manageable safety in patients with locally advanced or metastatic c-Met protein overexpressing, EGFR wild-type, nonsquamous NSCLC. We present updated outcomes with approximately 6 months longer follow-up and explore the impact of previous therapies.

METHODS: Patients (≥18 y; had previous therapy including ≤1 chemotherapy) received 1.9 mg/kg Teliso-V every 2 weeks. c-Met protein overexpression (clinical trial assay for MET [SP44] [Roche]) was defined as greater than or equal to 25% tumor cells with 3+ staining intensity (c-Met high: ≥50% 3+; c-Met intermediate: 25 to <50% 3+). Primary end point was the overall response rate by independent central review per the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1.

RESULTS: As of February 21, 2024, 172 patients received at least one dose of Teliso-V; 168 patients (c-Met high, n = 84; c-Met intermediate, n = 84) were evaluable for efficacy. The overall response rate was 29.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.4-36.7; c-Met high, 34.5% [24.5-45.7]; c-Met intermediate, 23.8% [15.2-34.3]). Median duration of response was 7.2 months (95% CI: 5.5-11.0; c-Met high, 7.2 [95% CI: 4.2-12.0]; c-Met intermediate, 7.2 [95% CI: 4.7-11.5]). Previous therapy (platinum, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or both) did not impact efficacy outcomes. The most common treatment-related adverse event was peripheral sensory neuropathy (any-grade: 31%; grade ≥3: 7%).

CONCLUSIONS: Teliso-V monotherapy 1.9 mg/kg elicited durable responses, irrespective of the type of previous therapy received, and maintained a manageable safety profile in patients with c-Met protein overexpressing EGFR wild-type, nonsquamous NSCLC.

CLINICALTRIALSGOV ID NUMBER: NCT03539536.},
}

@article {pmid42369234,
year = {2026},
author = {Williamson, BD and Moodie, EEM and Simon, GE and Rossom, RC and Shortreed, SM},
title = {Inference on summaries of a model-agnostic longitudinal variable importance trajectory with application to suicide prevention.},
journal = {The annals of applied statistics},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {1340-1363},
pmid = {42369234},
issn = {1932-6157},
abstract = {Risk of suicide attempt varies over time. Understanding the importance of risk factors measured at a mental health visit can help clinicians evaluate future risk and provide appropriate care during the visit. In prediction settings where data are collected over time, such as in mental health care, it is often of interest to understand both the importance of variables for predicting the response at each time point and the importance summarized over the time series. Building on recent advances in estimation and inference for variable importance measures, we define summaries of variable importance trajectories and corresponding estimators. The same approaches for inference can be applied to these measures regardless of the choice of the algorithm(s) used to estimate the prediction function. We propose a nonparametric efficient estimation and inference procedure as well as a null hypothesis testing procedure that are valid even when complex machine learning tools are used for prediction. Through simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed procedures have good operating characteristics. We use these approaches to analyze electronic health records data from two large health systems to investigate the longitudinal importance of risk factors for suicide attempt to inform future suicide prevention research and clinical workflow.},
}

@article {pmid42370651,
year = {2026},
author = {Janakiram, M and Ghosh, S and Alegria, V and Perciavalle, M and Emond, B and Maitland, J and Bixby, T and Nagar, SP and Qureshi, ZP and Bakaloudi, DR and Dima, D},
title = {Healthcare resource utilization and costs in patients with multiple myeloma administered ciltacabtagene autoleucel in outpatient versus inpatient settings after one to three prior lines of therapy.},
journal = {Journal of comparative effectiveness research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e260052},
doi = {10.57264/cer-2026-0052},
pmid = {42370651},
issn = {2042-6313},
abstract = {Background: Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel) was approved for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who received 1-3 prior lines of therapy in April 2024. Although traditionally administered inpatient (IP), there is an increasing trend in outpatient (OP) cilta-cel administration. However, few studies have quantified the healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and cost implications of OP versus IP administration in clinical practice. Aim: To compare HCRU and costs following OP versus IP administration of cilta-cel among patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma after 1-3 prior lines of therapy. Materials & methods: This retrospective observational study used the Loopback Analytics electronic medical records database (28 February 2017 to 30 June 2025). We classified patients into OP or IP cohorts. All-cause and multiple myeloma-related HCRU and per-patient-per-month imputed costs were compared over 30 and 90 days post-infusion. Results: There were 99 patients included (OP: 37; IP: 62). In the first 30 days post-infusion, 40.5% of the OP cohort did not require IP admission. Compared with the IP cohort, the OP cohort had significantly lower all-cause IP days (adjusted incidence rate ratio: 0.31; p < 0.001) and significantly lower all-cause IP-related imputed costs (adjusted mean difference: -$39,786; p < 0.001). Results were consistent over the first 90 days post-infusion and for multiple myeloma related HCRU and costs. Overall, OP administration was associated with an estimated cost savings of approximately $40,000 and $53,000 per patient in the first 30 and 90 days post-infusion, respectively. Conclusion: OP administration of cilta-cel was associated with significantly lower IP resource utilization and imputed costs over the first 3 months post-infusion relative to IP administration, supporting the potential economic value and adoption of OP cilta-cel delivery.},
}

@article {pmid42362940,
year = {2026},
author = {Nakayama, M and Nakayama, A and van Lessen, M and Yamamoto, H and Hoffmann, S and Drexler, HCA and Itoh, N and Hirose, T and Breier, G and Vestweber, D and Cooper, JA and Ohno, S and Kaibuchi, K and Adams, RH},
title = {Author Correction: Spatial regulation of VEGF receptor endocytosis in angiogenesis.},
journal = {Nature cell biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41556-026-02019-2},
pmid = {42362940},
issn = {1476-4679},
}

@article {pmid42361287,
year = {2026},
author = {Grewal, US and Shaheen, S and Zhen, DB and Mittra, ES and Halfdanarson, TR and Singh, S and Chan, JA},
title = {Evolving Therapeutic Strategies in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A New Era of Personalized Therapies.},
journal = {American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting},
volume = {46},
number = {3},
pages = {e518934},
doi = {10.1200/EDBK-26-518934},
pmid = {42361287},
issn = {1548-8756},
abstract = {Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies ranging from relatively indolent well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) to more aggressive poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). The advent of somatostatin receptor (SSTR)-targeting therapies, particularly radioligand therapy (RLT), has transformed the therapeutic landscape of NETs. Ongoing efforts are aimed at maximizing the therapeutic benefit of RLT and include retreatment and combination strategies as well as novel α-emitter-based radiopharmaceuticals. The increasing use of molecular profiling has led to the identification of recurrent canonical alterations in pancreatic NETs, including in MEN1, ATRX/DAXX, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and angiogenic signaling pathways, facilitating the development of effective targeted therapies. However, despite the addition of newer targeted therapies to the therapeutic armamentarium, resistance remains inevitable and highlights the need for improved predictive markers to inform therapy sequencing and novel biomarker-selected therapies. In addition, the development of novel therapeutic strategies including SSTR antagonists, nonpeptide drug conjugates, and novel radiopharmaceutical constructs highlights the potential of biomarker-informed therapies in this space. By contrast, treatment options for NECs remain limited, with modest therapeutic benefit of platinum-based chemotherapy. The identification of delta-like ligand 3 (DLL3) as a therapeutic target in high-grade NENs has led to the development of novel targeted therapies such as T-cell engagers, which have demonstrated promising activity in early phase clinical trials. In addition, other DLL3-targeting agents such as antibody-drug conjugates, trispecific engagers, and cellular therapies remain under investigation. Collectively, these advances underscore the potential of biomarker-informed treatment approaches to personalize treatment decisions and improve long-term outcomes across the NEN spectrum.},
}

@article {pmid42362411,
year = {2026},
author = {Aydogdu, C and Bukavina, L and Cheng, L and Al-Ahmadie, HA and Alhalabi, O and Brown, JR and Lopez-Beltran, A and Grivas, P and Hwang, C and Grass, GD and Kamat, AM and Chatzkel, J and Mian, O and Necchi, A and Ross, J and Apolo, AB and Spiess, PE and Li, R},
title = {Histological Subtypes and Divergent Differentiation of Urothelial Carcinoma: Histology, Genomics, and Management Implications.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.eururo.2026.05.030},
pmid = {42362411},
issn = {1873-7560},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Histological subtypes and divergent differentiation are common in bladder cancer. Each subtype has distinct biology and clinical features. We aim to summarize pathology, molecular features, and outcomes of the most common bladder cancer subtypes to guide management.

METHODS: We performed a narrative review of cohort studies, clinical trials, and population-based analyses assessing morphology, immunophenotype, genomic alterations, and outcomes following various localized and systemic therapies in patients with bladder cancer subtypes.

KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: Histological subtypes are often understaged on transurethral resection of bladder tumor and commonly demonstrate lymph node metastasis, supporting early radical cystectomy (RC) even for certain clinically non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers. Small cell urothelial carcinoma (UC) consistently benefits from platinum/etoposide-based chemotherapy regimens, whereas predominant squamous, plasmacytoid, sarcomatoid, and micropapillary tumors demonstrate variable response rates to systemic therapies used in conventional UC. Trimodality therapy may approximate RC in locoregional control for small cell UC and appears inferior in cases with predominant squamous and adenocarcinoma. Genomic profiling highlights actionable alterations, albeit with unclear clinical implications. Immune checkpoint blockade and antibody-drug conjugates have been used sparingly against subtype bladder cancers and have anecdotally demonstrated activity across several subtypes.

Histological subtypes and divergent differentiation of UC represent high-risk yet biologically distinct disease phenotypes that may not conform to the current "one-size-fits-all" treatment paradigm. More in-depth clinical and translational analyses with robust, adequately powered cohorts are required to further understand the clinical behavior of each unique bladder cancer subtype and to customize the optimal therapeutic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42362807,
year = {2026},
author = {Kovach, AE and Ding, YY and Lamble, AJ and Bernt, K and Bomken, S and Brodersen, LE and Buldini, B and Colon, DD and Coorens, THH and Gladden, RG and Gu, Z and Hu, S and Jacoby, E and Janssens, D and Kurzer, JH and Mejstrikova, E and Raikar, SS and Rheingold, SR and Silbert, SK and Tan, K and Yuan, CM and Wang, HW and Ghorashian, S and Shah, NN and Davis, KL},
title = {Plasticity under pressure: biology and detection of lineage switch in acute leukemia.},
journal = {Leukemia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42362807},
issn = {1476-5551},
abstract = {Relapsed acute leukemia can be difficult to salvage. An uncommon but increasingly recognized and aggressive mechanism of relapse involves lineage switch. In lineage switch, the immunophenotype of the leukemia at relapse differs from the immunophenotype at initial diagnosis, with the underlying genetic driver(s) conserved, confirming a clonal relationship. Lineage switch is most common-and was first recognized-in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with KMT2A rearrangement, which often relapses as acute myeloid leukemia. In an era where antigen-targeted therapies, including chimeric antigen receptor T-cells and bispecific T-cell engagers, are increasingly utilized and thus apply selective antigen pressure, this may increase the incidence of lineage switch across different leukemia subtypes. Patients with lineage switch have dismal outcomes and optimal therapies remain unknown, thus there is a large unmet need to better understand the biology, define the diagnosis, and determine the therapeutic approaches to lineage switch. Here, we address these needs providing a review of the current biology of lineage switch, the relationship to different genetic subtypes and present definitions and recommendations for immunophenotypic and molecular monitoring.},
}

@article {pmid42244632,
year = {2026},
author = {Kelly, KP and Ramesh, NA and Ranganathan, S and Madan, A and Marschall, S and Unckless, RL and Rajan, A},
title = {Atg8 orchestrates stress-responsive chromatin programs across immunity and metabolism.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42244632},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Organisms must coordinate transcriptional responses to immune and metabolic stress, often within the same tissue. In Drosophila and mammals, adipose tissue integrates these signals by mounting antimicrobial defense during acute infection and remodeling lipid metabolism under chronic nutrient surplus. How one cell-biological system supports both functions, and through what molecular machinery, remains incompletely understood. Atg8/LC3, classically defined by canonical autophagy, has emerging non-canonical roles in nuclear gene regulation, raising the possibility that it contributes to stress-coordinated transcription beyond cargo turnover. Using unbiased CUT&RUN in adult Drosophila nuclei, we find that endogenous Atg8 exhibits broad chromatin occupancy at immune, metabolic, and autophagy loci, and accumulates in nuclei under prolonged high-sugar diet (HSD) and acute Gram-positive infection. We identify two conserved Atg8-interacting motifs (AIMs) within the Rel homology domain of NF-κB/Dif. Flies carrying CRISPR-engineered AIM-mutant Dif are highly susceptible to both infection and chronic HSD, establishing a physiological requirement for intact Dif AIMs. AIM-mutant Dif shows impaired infection-induced nuclear accumulation, suggesting that Atg8 contributes to both Dif cytoplasmic-to-nuclear shuttling and nuclear function. Unbiased comparison of Atg8 chromatin occupancy across HSD and infection further reveals shared and divergent motif grammar, positioning Atg8 as a stress-responsive chromatin cofactor for immune and metabolic transcription. Together, these findings expand the functional landscape of Atg8/LC3 beyond canonical autophagy and reveal that autophagy machinery contributes to stress-specific transcriptional complex assembly. AIM/LIR-mediated interactions, exemplified by Dif, represent one such interface, while additional mechanisms likely underlie Atg8's broader chromatin engagement at loci enriched for transcription factor motifs whose cognate factors lack known AIM/LIRs. We propose that Atg8/LC3-mediated coordination of immune and metabolic transcription is a general principle by which cells integrate diverse stress signals, with implications for obesity, chronic inflammation, and other disease states in which immune and metabolic dysregulation converge.},
}

@article {pmid42348785,
year = {2026},
author = {Le, CTK and Zhang, A and Vyas, RD and Otani, J and Russell, K and Cassaday, RD and Muffly, LS and Liang, EC},
title = {Incidence and Risk Factors for CNS Relapse in Adult ALL after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020594},
pmid = {42348785},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Relapse in the central nervous system (CNS) is a devastating outcome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in ALL is reserved for patients with high-risk and/or relapsed/refractory disease. However, there is a paucity of data describing the incidence and factors associated with post-HCT CNS relapse in the modern era. In this multicenter retrospective study of adults with ALL who underwent first HCT between 2011 and 2021 at Stanford Health Care (SHC) or University of Washington/Fred Hutch Cancer Center (UW/FH), we aimed to describe the incidence of post-HCT CNS relapse, factors associated with post-HCT CNS relapse, and the impact of CNS relapse on overall survival (OS). A total of 636 patients were included. The 1- and 3-year cumulative incidences of CNS relapse after HCT were 3% and 6%, respectively. Absence of CNS involvement prior to HCT, pre-HCT MRD negativity, and receipt of TBI-based conditioning were significantly associated with decreased risk of post-HCT CNS relapse. These three characteristics defined a composite low-risk group that was associated with lower risk of post-HCT relapse [HR = 0.31 (95% CI, 0.15-0.68), p = 0.0032]. Post-HCT CNS relapse was significantly associated with shorter overall survival [HR 7.33 (95% CI, 5.12-10.49), p < 0.0001]; worse outcomes were seen with earlier post-HCT CNS relapse. Future studies will be needed to assess if this low-risk group may benefit from de-escalation of CNS-directed interventions during HCT.},
}

@article {pmid42348822,
year = {2026},
author = {Fleischhauer, K and Toffalori, C and Cugnata, F and Hofmann, JA and Orofino, G and Lorentino, F and Ahci-Hanci, M and Lange, V and Müller, CR and Kunadt, D and Bornhäuser, M and Sanz, G and Soiffer, R and Waterhouse, M and Giaccone, L and Ali, H and Nachtkamp, K and Bacigalupo, A and Bonifazi, F and Luznik, L and Facchini, L and Bramanti, S and Nagler, A and Saccardi, R and Milano, F and Zallio, F and Pierini, A and Mohty, M and Flomenberg, N and Takaori-Kondo, A and Vey, N and Teshima, T and Kröger, N and Laperche, CM and Andreani, M and Lupo Stanghellini, MT and Peccatori, J and Di Serio, C and Kobbe, G and Al Malki, MM and Bruno, B and Zeiser, R and Lindsley, RC and Sanz, J and Beelen, D and Stölzel, F and Sauter, J and Schmidt, AH and Ciceri, F and Vago, L and , },
title = {Donor Selection and Human Leukocyte Antigen Loss Leukemia Relapse After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.},
journal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {JCO2600113},
doi = {10.1200/JCO-26-00113},
pmid = {42348822},
issn = {1527-7755},
abstract = {PURPOSE: For patients with hematologic malignancies, relapse is the leading cause of death after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Frequently, relapses are explained by immune evasion through alterations of human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), but determinants and clinical consequences remain poorly defined.

METHODS: We analyzed 533 relapses of hematologic cancers after allo-HCT from different donor types, conducted at 27 centers worldwide. Genomic loss of mismatched HLA (HLA loss) was assessed using a newly developed next-generation sequencing pipeline. Clinical and immunogenetic factors associated with HLA loss were evaluated. Using HLA data from approximately 5 million individuals, a web-based tool to infer HLA incompatibility phasing was developed.

RESULTS: HLA loss occurred in 15.6% of relapses, with significant variation according to donor type (28.7% haploidentical family, 7.2% unrelated adult, 2.7% cord blood, P < .0001). The distribution of HLA mismatches across the patient's haplotypes, predicted through the phasing tool, was strongly associated with HLA loss, with an incidence of 27.6% when HLA mismatches were in the same haplotype, compared with 5.4% if present on different haplotypes (P < .0001). HLA loss affected postrelapse outcomes, abrogating the efficacy of original donor lymphocyte infusions, with significant survival advantage by second allo-HCT from a different donor.

CONCLUSION: The likelihood of HLA loss varies significantly according to the number and positioning of HLA mismatches between patient and donor. A newly developed phasing tool enables reliable prediction of its risk, supporting informed donor selection. Routine assessment of HLA loss at relapse is warranted, as it critically affects the success of immunologic salvage therapies.},
}

@article {pmid42348826,
year = {2026},
author = {Jones, SMW and Harkey, K and Vaidyaraman, A and Yi, JC and Panattoni, LE and Lowry, D and Paras, G and Henrikson, NB},
title = {Administrative Burden as a Potential Cause of Financial Hardship and Poor Mental Health in Cancer: A Mixed Methods Study.},
journal = {JCO oncology practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {OP2500954},
doi = {10.1200/OP-25-00954},
pmid = {42348826},
issn = {2688-1535},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Administrative burdens are the extra steps a person must take to receive benefits from an institution. Examples include prior authorizations, denials of coverage, complex leave and accommodation policies, and paperwork to receive paid time off.

METHODS: This mixed methods study explored the administrative burden among cancer survivors and the relationship of administrative burden to financial hardship and mental health. Data from three samples ranging from newly diagnosed to survivors were analyzed.

RESULTS: Specific administrative burdens including prior authorization (moderate effect sizes) and surprise bills (moderate to large effect sizes) were most strongly associated with financial hardship but showed a weaker association with mental health (small effect sizes or nonsignificant results). Employment changes that have administrative burdens such as reducing work hours (effect sizes between small and moderate) were also strongly associated with financial hardship but showed weaker or nonsignificant associations with mental health. Not asking for reasonable accommodations was associated with less financial hardship than using accommodations (small to moderate effect sizes). Qualitative data suggested that avoidance of care and benefits were associated with burdens and that cumulative administrative burden could be associated with stress. Some burdens were specific to phase (treatment, survivorship), and avoidance and cumulative burden changed over time since diagnosis.

CONCLUSION: Results support organizational and policy changes to remove bureaucratic barriers for people with cancer. Policy changes such as restrictions on prior authorizations and better insurance coverage of cancer and survivorship care could help mitigate the potential financial effects. Providing reasonable accommodations to all employees could help people with cancer work as much as they want and not experience financial hardship from using accommodations. Additional longitudinal research is needed to determine which policy changes could be most beneficial for people with cancer.},
}

@article {pmid42350300,
year = {2026},
author = {Alver, SK and Cuthbertson, CC and Evenson, KR and Schrack, JA and Sotres-Alvarez, D and Anita, NZ and Mossavar-Rahmani, Y and Gallo, LC and Carlson, JA and Allison, M and Daviglus, ML and Garcia-Bedoya, O and Cordero, C and Xue, X and Cai, J and Matsushita, K and Kaplan, RC},
title = {Non-Vigorous Physical Activity Associated with Reduced Hospitalization Risk with or without Diabetes or Peripheral Artery Disease: Study of Latinos.},
journal = {Medicine and science in sports and exercise},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000004026},
pmid = {42350300},
issn = {1530-0315},
abstract = {PURPOSE: This study assessed whether greater physical activity (PA) and lesser sedentary behavior (SB) reduce hospitalization risk equally among those with and without prediabetes, diabetes, or peripheral artery disease (PAD).

METHODS: We studied PA, SB and hospitalizations in 12,734 adults from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, who were 52.2% female with mean (SD) age 41.1 (14.9) years at baseline. Participants reported 10,025 non-pregnancy-related hospitalizations (excluding emergency room only) over 13 years. We modeled the association between accelerometer-measured activity (SB; light/LPA; moderate/MPA; vigorous/VPA) and hospitalization, using Andersen-Gill proportional intensity models, adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors. We tested whether the association differed by baseline diabetes and PAD status: normoglycemia (without diabetes or prediabetes) and no PAD, n=4589; normoglycemia and PAD, n=505; prediabetes and no PAD, n=3987; prediabetes and PAD, n=947; diabetes and no PAD, n=1829; diabetes and PAD, n=877.

RESULTS: Greater SB and lesser LPA were significantly associated with hospitalization risk in the overall population, with intensity ratios (IR, generalization of hazard ratio) of 1.03 (95% CI 1.00, 1.05) per hour/day SB, and 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) per hour/day LPA. MPA was inversely associated with hospitalization only when comparing the second tertile to the first; IR (95% CI) 0.88 (0.79, 0.98). Categorical VPA results suggest benefit in those with normoglycemia (regardless of PAD) or prediabetes with no PAD. Among those with diabetes, we observed a direct association between VPA and hospitalization in those without PAD and no association in those with PAD.

CONCLUSIONS: Lower risk of hospitalization was associated with lesser SB and greater LPA, while MPA was associated with fewer hospitalizations only when performed for a duration of >8 to ≤22 minutes/day.},
}

@article {pmid42358033,
year = {2026},
author = {Tollefson, D and Lankowski, A and Dasgupta, S and Kazmirak, C and Sanchez, H and Gonzales, I and Duerr, A},
title = {Preferences for HIV testing among partners of transgender women in Lima, Peru: a discrete choice experiment.},
journal = {Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/QAI.0000000000003909},
pmid = {42358033},
issn = {1944-7884},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Partners of transgender women (PTW) are a relatively overlooked population despite being at disproportionately high risk for HIV in Latin America. Understanding PTW preferences for HIV testing is crucial to inform the delivery of effective HIV testing and prevention services for this population.

SETTING: Lima, Peru.

METHODS: From September to November 2023, we recruited HIV-negative PTW for a discrete choice experiment (DCE) evaluating preferences for HIV testing services. PTW were recruited via referral from transgender women. The DCE considered six attributes for HIV testing, each with two to three levels. Participants were presented a total of 12 choice tasks. We used conditional logit modeling to estimate preferences and performed latent class analysis to explore heterogeneity. Additionally, we evaluated willingness to pay for preferred HIV testing service attributes.

RESULTS: Overall, 292 PTW completed the DCE. Attributes with the greatest influence on HIV testing preferences were cost (50% relative attribute importance) and affiliation with an LGBTQ+ friendly clinic (36%). While participants strongly preferred free HIV testing, they were willing to pay an estimated 39 Soles (95% CI: 31-47 Soles) ($10.70 USD) for testing at LGTBQ+ affiliated clinics and 7 Soles (0.8-13 Soles) ($1.90) for testing at private clinics. Three latent classes were identified: 52% belonged to a class with null preferences, 27% to a class with strong preferences for testing at LGBTQ+ friendly clinics, and 21% with strongest preferences for free testing.

CONCLUSION: PTW were most concerned about cost of HIV testing but may be willing to pay for a service offered at clinics known and trusted by the LGTBQ+ community. To enhance uptake of HIV testing in this population, programs could prioritize LGTBQ+ affiliated clinics as sites of service provision.},
}

@article {pmid42339265,
year = {2026},
author = {Malayaperumal, S and Stewart, S and Wellington, R and Doulatov, S and Leber, E and Scatena, M and Blümke, A and Giachelli, CM},
title = {From 5F hematopoietic progenitors to osteoclasts: a scalable human model of osteoclastogenesis.},
journal = {Frontiers in cell and developmental biology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1773507},
pmid = {42339265},
issn = {2296-634X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Human osteoclast models are essential for studying bone physiology and skeletal disease, yet existing systems are constrained by donor variability and the limited expansion capacity of hematopoietic progenitors.

METHODS: Conditionally expandable 5F hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells generated by transcription factor reprogramming with HOXA9, ERG, RORA, SOX4, and MYB were differentiated into osteoclasts. Cells were driven through an intermediate monocyte stage using IL three and M CSF, followed by RANKL stimulation to induce osteoclastogenesis.

RESULTS: Differentiated cells formed large, multinucleated, TRAP positive osteoclasts displaying F actin ring structures, cathepsin K expression, and strong bone resorptive activity. Gene expression analysis demonstrated marked upregulation of key osteoclast markers including NFATC1, MMP9, CTSK, and CA2.

DISCUSSION: By enabling conditional self-renewal at a downstream hematopoietic stage, the 5F platform overcomes key limitations of donor dependent and iPSC derived osteoclast models. This scalable and cytokine driven system provides a reproducible and standardized human osteoclast model suitable for studies of osteoclast biology, bone remodeling, and biomaterial interactions.},
}

@article {pmid42341926,
year = {2026},
author = {Ahmed, N and Ali, A and Kim, S and Oloyede, T and Bye, M and Gowda, L and Kamble, RT and Mirza, AS and Nadiminti, KV and Pophali, PA and Rodriguez-Bonilla, C and Sieg, A and Strouse, C and Abid, MB and Afrough, A and Aljurf, M and Beitinjaneh, AM and Chhabra, S and Choe, M and Hilal, T and Iqbal, M and Jain, T and Kharfan-Dabaja, MA and Modi, D and Orti, G and Pawarode, A and Rao, U and Riedell, PA and Saad, A and Seo, S and Balari, AS and Wagner, JL and Wudhikarn, K and Turtle, CJ and Phillips, CL and Pasquini, MC and Ahmed, S and Ganguly, S and Moskop, A},
title = {Comparison of Fludarabine Versus Bendamustine as a Lymphodepleting Chemotherapy Prior to CAR-T for Large Cell Lymphoma.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.06.035},
pmid = {42341926},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Lymphodepleting chemotherapy (LD) enhances chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) expansion, persistence, and clinical activity. Fludarabine-cyclophosphamide is most used, but the benefit of alternative agents is unknown.

OBJECTIVE: This study compares fludarabine- vs bendamustine-based LD in the real-world setting prior to CAR-T treatment of relapsed or refractory large cell lymphoma (LBCL).

STUDY DESIGN: We assessed outcomes of patients with LBCL who received commercial CD19 CAR-T therapies during 2017-2023, using data from Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research.

RESULTS: Of 5,256 patients with LBCL treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel, tisagenlecleucel, or lisocabtagene maraleucel, 92% and 9% received fludarabine and bendamustine LD, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed bendamustine had inferior overall response rate (ORR) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.773, P = .0013), but there was no difference in complete response (HR 0.828, P = .0606). The 1-year and 2-year rates of progression-free survival (PFS) were lower for bendamustine (P = .04), and the 1-year and 2-year rates of overall survival (OS) were similar (P = .65) The bendamustine group had lower rates of toxicities than the fludarabine group, including severe cytokine release syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 0.445, P < .0001), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (OR 0.432, P < .0001), prolonged cytopenia (OR 0.479, P < .0001) Treatment-related mortality (TRM) was lower in the bendamustine group. In a subset analysis adjusting for distribution of LD regimens, the main conclusions were the same.

CONCLUSION: Regardless of CAR-T products used, compared to patients who received bendamustine, patients who received fludarabine LD had higher ORR and PFS, without significant impact on OS. Bendamustine was associated with a reduced incidence of toxicities and TRM. Providers can consider relevant patient characteristics when choosing LD and the trade-off between efficacy and safety. Bendamustine can be considered an alternative LD prior to CAR-T for LBCL.},
}

@article {pmid42342116,
year = {2026},
author = {Moosavi, D and Nejati, N and Arcan, C and Kroenke, CH and Saquib, N and Seguin-Fowler, RA and Glenn, A and Jung, SY and Sun, Y and Laddu, D and Neuhouser, ML},
title = {Data-Driven Discovery of Plant-Based Dietary Subtypes and Their Association with Cancer, Cardiovascular diseases, and Type 2 diabetes in Postmenopausal Women: Insights from the Women's Health Initiative.},
journal = {Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {156406},
doi = {10.1016/j.jand.2026.156406},
pmid = {42342116},
issn = {2212-2672},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Plant-based diets have been associated with lower risks of chronic diseases; however, not all plant-based diets confer equal health benefits. Data-driven methods provide an opportunity to empirically identify distinct plant-based dietary subtypes and examine their associations with health outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: To categorize subtypes of plant-based dietary patterns using a data-driven approach and evaluate their associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cancer incidence among postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study using principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering to empirically derive dietary subtypes.

PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: A total of 823 postmenopausal women from the WHI Observational Study who were healthy at baseline and reported low meat or poultry consumption during screening (1993 - 1998) were included and followed prospectively for incident chronic disease outcomes during WHI follow-up and extension periods (2023). A stratified comparison group of 823 higher-meat consumers also drawn from WHI Observational Study, was constructed using stratified random sampling on dietary pattern position, and key demographic variables.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incident cases of CVD, T2D, and any type of cancer (except nonmelanoma skin cancer), verified through adjudicated clinical outcomes.

Cox proportional hazards models estimated associations with CVD, T2D, and cancer outcomes, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors.

RESULTS: Three dietary clusters were identified: (1) Lower Meat; Fruit and Vegetable, (2) Lower Meat; Dairy and Solid Fat, (3) Lower Meat; Fish and Meat (classified as lower-meat based on screening but reporting relatively higher fish and moderate meat intake on the FFQ). No statistically significant associations were observed between any lower-meat dietary pattern and overall cancer incidence. Compared to higher-meat consumers, the Fish and Meat cluster was associated with a significant 67% lower risk of T2D (HR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14-0.81, p = 0.02). The Dairy and Solid Fat and Fruit and Vegetable clusters did not reach statistical significance for T2D risk (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.34-1.75 and HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.46-2.61, respectively). For CVD, the Dairy and Solid Fat cluster was associated with a statistically significant higher risk (HR = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.05-6.56, p = 0.04), while results for the Fruit and Vegetable cluster did not reach statistical significance (HR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.13-1.73, p = 0.26).

CONCLUSION: This combined PCA-clustering approach revealed meaningful heterogeneity within lower-meat dietary patterns, offering a novel framework for characterizing plant-based diets and improving precision in future diet-disease investigations.},
}

@article {pmid42342969,
year = {2026},
author = {Desai, N and Mattsson, J and Law, AD},
title = {Reconsidering the role of bone marrow as a graft source in haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.},
journal = {Bone marrow transplantation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42342969},
issn = {1476-5365},
}

@article {pmid42343234,
year = {2026},
author = {Davis, LE and Austin, SC and Hayden, JB and Doung, YC and Gundle, KR and Ryan, CW and Stoyles, SA and Winters-Stone, KM},
title = {Remotely delivered resistance training program in adult sarcoma survivors: a pilot study.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12885-026-16399-z},
pmid = {42343234},
issn = {1471-2407},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Treatment of sarcoma often leads to serious long-term health consequences, including decreased physical functioning. Supervised progressive resistance training (PRT) has been shown to improve physical functioning in survivors of carcinomas. We conducted a single-arm, pre-post study to assess the feasibility of remote delivery of a supervised, individualized resistance training program in sarcoma survivors.

METHODS: Survivors of extremity sarcomas who were more than 2 years from final sarcoma treatment with no evidence of recurrent disease were eligible. Participants followed a PRT program of exercises that were tailored to each patient's exercise capacity. Each week for 12 weeks, participants engaged in one unsupervised session and one supervised session delivered remotely by videoconferencing. Feasibility was measured by retention rate, session completion rate, and safety. Changes in self-reported physical function, health-related quality of life, and fatigue were assessed with patient reported outcome measures, while objective physical function was assessed by the short physical performance battery (SPPB). The COVID pandemic emerged during the accrual period, requiring protocol modification to objective assessments.

RESULTS: Ten participants aged 27-69 enrolled in the study; the majority had a lower extremity tumor (70%) and all participants had undergone surgery and chemotherapy for sarcoma. Nine participants completed end-of-intervention assessments (90% retention). Adherence to twice-weekly exercise sessions was 86%. Significant improvements in pre-post 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) physical component summary score showed a moderate-to-large effect size (Cohen's d > 0.50). Self-reported fatigue also improved (FACIT-Fatigue 9 point improvement, d = 0.61, p = 0.06). SPPB data was incomplete due to COVID-related study disruption of in-person testing.

CONCLUSION: Remote delivery of PRT was feasible and safe in sarcoma survivors and improved several domains of health-related quality of life. A larger, definitive exercise trial could inform specific exercise prescription(s) for sarcoma patients, who currently have little evidence-based exercise guidance.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04247425) on 2020-01-24.},
}

@article {pmid42344277,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, X and Xia, P and Wang, F and Wu, Z and Hu, Y and Eliassen, AH and Zeleznik, OA and Bhupathiraju, SN and Mousavi, SM and Prentice, RL and Tinker, LF and Zheng, C and Liu, S and Huang, Y and Navarro, SL and Playdon, MC and Moore, SC and Snetselaar, L and Tabung, FK and Manson, JE and Qi, L and Raftery, D and Willett, WC and Lampe, JW and Neuhouser, ML and Sun, Q},
title = {Metabolomic signatures of dietary carbohydrates and differential association with type 2 diabetes.},
journal = {Nature health},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {145-157},
pmid = {42344277},
issn = {3005-0693},
abstract = {Metabolomic indices summarizing diet-related metabolic responses are instrumental for examining and replicating diet-disease associations. We aimed to identify metabolomic signatures characterizing the amounts and types of dietary carbohydrates and assess their associations with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Nutritional metabolomics indices were developed using data from 1,196 healthy participants in the Lifestyle Validation Studies (LVS) with 7-day diet records (7DDRs). Elastic net regression within cross-validation was used to derive metabolomic indices of total carbohydrates and primary food sources. Replication was conducted using feeding menu data among 153 women from the Nutrition and Physical Activity Assessment Study (NPAAS). Associations with incident T2D were examined using multivariable Cox regression in 11,454 participants from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHSII, and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Metabolites positively associated with total carbohydrates and added sugars mainly included glycerolipids (DAGs, TAGs), while glycerophospholipids (PEs, PCs) were inversely associated. Whole grains were linked to betaine, 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA), and hippuric acid; vegetables and legumes to IPA, N-acetylornithine, and pipecolic acid; and fruits to proline-betaine and IPA. Identified metabolomic signatures showed significant correlations with 7DDR-assessed diet in the LVS (Pearson r 0.33-0.65). In the NPAAS, the metabolomic index of total carbohydrates was also significantly correlated with intake (r = 0.40). Signatures for total carbohydrates, added sugars, refined grains, and potatoes were associated with higher T2D risk [HR per SD: 1.07 (1.02-1.12), 1.09 (1.03-1.14), 1.12 (1.07-1.18), and 1.36 (1.29-1.43)], whereas whole grain, vegetable, fruit, and legume signatures were inversely associated [HR per SD: 0.73 (0.70-0.77), 0.95 (0.90-0.99), 0.88 (0.83-0.92), and 0.93 (0.88-0.97)]. The metabolomic signatures of carbohydrate sources were differentially associated with T2D risk, highlighting the utility of blood metabolomics to objectively capture dietary carbohydrates and support dietary guidelines emphasizing fruits, vegetables, and whole grains for diabetes prevention.},
}

@article {pmid42345194,
year = {2026},
author = {Esler, MA and Werther, R and Doyle, LA and Ubilla-Rodriguez, NC and Schwensen, JS and Hallinan, JP and Lambert, AR and Young, JC and Silverstein, M and Stoddard, BL},
title = {Caveat emptor: predicting and modeling protein-DNA recognition and binding via machine-learning computational approaches.},
journal = {Nucleic acids research},
volume = {54},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/nar/gkag608},
pmid = {42345194},
issn = {1362-4962},
support = {S10OD028581/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM148166/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; GM124169-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; //Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center/ ; //Advanced Light Source/ ; AC02-05CH11231//Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility/ ; NIGMS R35 GM148166//Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center/ ; },
mesh = {*Computational Biology/methods ; *DNA/chemistry/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Machine Learning ; Models, Molecular ; Predictive Learning Models ; Protein Binding ; *Software ; },
abstract = {The recent development of AI-based predictive tools, such as AlphaFold3, for the prediction of the structures of biological molecules and their complexes has transformed modern molecular and cellular biology. While it displays exceptional accuracy in the modeling of folded protein domains and subunits, as well as larger protein-protein complexes and assemblages, AlphaFold3's performance in predicting the details of protein-DNA (or more broadly, protein-nucleic acid) contacts and complexes is less well established. Here we summarize the recent development and performance of tools intended to predict, model, and/or design protein:DNA recognition and contacts, and then demonstrate (using a well-defined system that offers a minimal "degree of difficulty") the issues that often surround the use of a resource such as AlphaFold3 for predicting protein:DNA interactions. Beyond providing a cautionary tale for casual users, we note that the incorporation of hybrid models of protein-DNA complexes (in which computationally predicted models are docked into low-resolution CryoEM density maps with little further refinement or quality control) into future training sets may lead to an ongoing and inappropriate learning cycle that further encourages such tools to generate new, equally inaccurate models of protein-DNA complexes.},
}

*Computational Biology/methods
*DNA/chemistry/metabolism
*DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
*Machine Learning
Models, Molecular
Predictive Learning Models
Protein Binding
*Software

@article {pmid42348027,
year = {2026},
author = {Semenova, G and Frank, SB and Dumpit, R and Han, W and Coleman, I and Gulati, R and Dirican, CD and Arman, T and Maruwan, J and Morrissey, C and Haffner, MC and Nelson, PS and Lee, JK},
title = {Genotoxic antibody-drug conjugates combined with BCL-XL inhibitors enhance therapeutic efficacy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1172/JCI200438},
pmid = {42348027},
issn = {1558-8238},
abstract = {Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer (PC) without curative treatments. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) emerged as promising cancer therapeutics that selectively deliver cytotoxic agents (payloads) to the tumors. Although ADCs have been successfully applied in the treatment of hematological and solid tumors, ADC monotherapy has not demonstrated durable responses in mCRPC, and the mechanisms of PC resistance to ADCs have not been thoroughly investigated. Our study aimed to improve ADC efficacy using a new integrated approach for the custom ADC design and multiplexing. To nominate rational combinations of ADC targets and ADC payloads, we (1) examined protein co-expression of three clinically relevant surface antigens - B7 homolog 3 (B7-H3), prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate-1 (STEAP1) - in a series of human mCRPCs, and (2) screened established ADC payloads and their combinations in mCRPC cell lines with different molecular backgrounds. Identified synergistic interactions between DNA-damaging payloads and BCL-XL inhibitor A-1331852 as well as their coordinated induction of intrinsic apoptosis pathway were evaluated in a panel of PC cell lines. Functional relevance between isolated p53 loss and PC responses to three genotoxic ADCs - B7-H3 - seco-DUBA (vobramitamab duocarmazine), PSMA - SG3249, and STEAP1 - DXd and their combinations with A-1331852 was established using genetic knockout models. Lastly, enhanced in vivo antitumor activity of vobramitamab duocarmazine by systemic A-1331852 was shown. Collectively, our findings provide rationale for the development of ADC therapies combining genotoxic payloads with BCL-XL inhibitors for mCRPC.},
}

@article {pmid42348090,
year = {2026},
author = {Shen, Q and Mobley, C and Wang, M and Ferrari, P and Adami, HO and Afshar, N and Babic, A and van den Brandt, PA and Cheng, E and Eliassen, AH and Fung, TT and Giovannucci, EL and Hirabayashi, M and Hou, T and Huang, BZ and Huang, WY and Joshu, CE and Kanehara, R and Katzke, V and Lacey, JV and Landry, MJ and Larsson, SC and Liao, LM and Martinez, ME and McCullough, ML and Miller, AB and Milne, RL and Moore, SC and Mucci, LA and Naudin, S and Prizment, A and Park, SY and Rohan, TE and Riboli, E and Robien, K and Sandin, S and Sawada, N and Shams-White, MM and Sinha, R and Smith-Byrne, K and Stampfer, MJ and Stolzenberg-Solomon, RZ and Um, CY and Visvanathan, K and Wang, SS and Weiderpass, E and White, E and Willett, WC and Wolk, A and Wolpin, BM and Yuan, C and Smith-Warner, SA and Genkinger, JM},
title = {Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of pancreatic cancer: an analysis of 2.3 million participants in the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer (DCPP).},
journal = {European journal of epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42348090},
issn = {1573-7284},
support = {359650//American Institute for Cancer Research/ ; R01AA024770/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Pancreatic cancer incidence is rising, yet few modifiable risk factors have been identified. The Mediterranean diet, which lowers inflammation and improves healthy weight maintenance and insulin control, may lower pancreatic cancer risk, yet the evidence for this association is inconsistent. To investigate the association, we conducted a pooled analysis of 2,315,406 individuals from 23 prospective cohorts in the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer (DCPP), of whom 10,748 developed incident pancreatic cancer over a mean follow-up duration ranging from 8.1 to 23.3 years across studies. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the alternative Mediterranean diet score (aMED) and a modified score excluding alcohol (maMED). Study- and sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models and then pooled using random effect models. No statistically significant association was found between aMED or maMED and pancreatic cancer or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) risk. For aMED, the pooled pancreatic cancer HR was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90-1.02) comparing the fourth to the first quartile, 0.94 (0.88-1.00) comparing high (6-9) versus low (0-3) scores, and 0.98 (0.96-1.00) per 2-unit increment in the score. Overall, there was no evidence of heterogeneity in these associations by sex, attained age, race, BMI, physical activity, or follow-up time; a positive association between maMED and pancreatic cancer risk was observed in past smokers (HR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.00-1.09) but not in never or current smokers (Pinteraction=0.04). In conclusion, there was little evidence of an association between a Mediterranean diet score and pancreatic cancer risk in this large international pooled analysis.},
}

@article {pmid42348242,
year = {2026},
author = {Singh Mahla, R},
title = {Comment on: Single-cell profiling reveals CCL5Hi GZMAHi effector memory CD8 T cell association to oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis.},
journal = {Rheumatology (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/rheumatology/keag335},
pmid = {42348242},
issn = {1462-0332},
}

@article {pmid42334847,
year = {2026},
author = {Unger, JM},
title = {Reporting of Rurality, Deprivation, and Socioeconomic Characteristics in Cancer Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {e2619836},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2026.19836},
pmid = {42334847},
issn = {2574-3805},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/therapy ; *Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors ; United States ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Socioeconomic Disparities in Health ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: The composition of clinical trial populations influences the interpretation and generalizability of cancer trial results. The extent to which geographic and socioeconomic characteristics are reported in primary cancer clinical trial publications is unknown.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency and temporal trends in reporting of geographic, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics in primary publications of US-based randomized cancer clinical trials.

This systematic review included US-based randomized phase II or III cancer treatment trials published in high-impact peer-reviewed journals from 2020 to 2025. Using prespecified search strategies and eligibility criteria, primary trial reports were identified. Data were abstracted on reporting of rurality, area-level deprivation, insurance status, income, education, age, sex, race, and ethnicity.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Overall prevalence and temporal trends in reporting of geographic, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics.

RESULTS: Among 6681 reviewed trials, 441 met inclusion criteria. Reporting of age and sex was nearly universal. Reporting of race and ethnicity was common, with 365 trials (82.8%) reporting more than 1 category. The most frequently reported race variables were White (356 [80.7%]), Asian (330 [74.8%]), and Black (320 [72.6%]); Hispanic ethnicity was reported in 140 trials (31.8%). Reporting of any race or ethnicity increased from 62.3% (38 of 62) in 2020 to 93.9% (77 of 82) in 2025. In contrast, no trials reported rurality, income, or area deprivation; 2 reported education, and 1 reported insurance.

CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review of 441 US-based randomized cancer clinical trials, geographic and socioeconomic characteristics were rarely reported despite increasing attention to social determinants of health. Limited reporting of these characteristics may constrain assessment of trial generalizability and interpretation across diverse populations and care settings.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/therapy
*Rural Population/statistics & numerical data
Socioeconomic Factors
United States
*Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data
Female
Socioeconomic Disparities in Health
*Clinical Trials as Topic/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid42335437,
year = {2026},
author = {Othus, M and Truong, TG and Sharon, E and Kendra, K and Grossmann, K and Buchbinder, E and Khushalani, NI and Eroglu, Z and Chandra, S and Doolittle, GC and Kirkwood, JM and Ikeguchi, A and Mihalcioiu, C and Cowey, CL and Reddy, SA and Johnson, DB and Taylor, M and Sondak, VK and Ribas, A and Patel, SP},
title = {Addressing Biases in Analysis of Time of Infusion: NCI/SWOG Trial S1404 Among Participants With High-Risk Resectable Melanoma Who Received Adjuvant Anti-PD-1 Therapy.},
journal = {JCO oncology practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {OP2501413},
doi = {10.1200/OP-25-01413},
pmid = {42335437},
issn = {2688-1535},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Multiple reports have suggested that receiving immunotherapy infusions earlier in the day is associated with improved outcomes, including longer overall survival (OS) and lower toxicity rates. However, the definition of early varies between publications. Reports also fail to account for confounding factors (including distance to infusion center), are subject to survivor bias (analyzing postbaseline factors at baseline), and do not adjust P values for multiple comparisons when evaluating multiple potential thresholds for early versus late time of day of infusion.

METHODS: We analyzed a previously reported multicenter clinical trial evaluating pembrolizumab as adjuvant therapy for participants with resectable high-risk melanoma. Standard statistical methodologies that account for potential biasses were used to evaluate the association between time of day of infusion and clinical outcomes.

RESULTS: A total of 628 participants received pembrolizumab and had time of first infusion recorded. The median age was 55 years, range, 20-82. Odds of infusion before 11:00 hours increased by 32% over 12 months of therapy (P = .013). Participants living further from their treating institution had later infusion times on average: odds of infusion before 11:00 decreased by 9% for each additional 50 miles (P = .017). The optimal cut point for first infusion time for OS was 15:48 with hazard ratio (HR) = 1.40; changing the cut point by 30 minutes earlier to 15:18 decreased HR to 0.98, indicating lack of robustness of the threshold. No significant association was identified between proportion of early infusions and outcomes in multivariable time-dependent Cox regression models.

CONCLUSION: In this multicenter trial of adjuvant pembrolizumab for participants with high-risk melanoma, analyses that account for common sources of bias found no significant association between recurrence-free or OS and time of day of infusion.},
}

@article {pmid42335888,
year = {2026},
author = {Gautier, O and Blum, JA and Nguyen, TP and Cao, S and Klemm, S and Yamakawa, M and Huh, D and Hurt, JA and Sinnott-Armstrong, N and Zeng, Y and Davis, CO and Bombosch, J and Liu, C and Encarnacion, LN and Guttenplan, KA and Chen, D and Kathiria, A and Zhao, L and Moore, S and Meng, A and Ong, K and Cleveland, DW and Ravits, J and Rexach, JE and Greenleaf, WJ and Gitler, AD},
title = {An emergent disease-associated motor neuron state precedes cell death in ALS.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2026.05.047},
pmid = {42335888},
issn = {1097-4172},
abstract = {To define molecular determinants of motor neuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we generated longitudinal single-nucleus transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility profiles of spinal motor neurons together with spatial transcriptomics from the SOD1-G93A mouse model. Vulnerable alpha motor neurons showed thousands of molecular changes, marking a transition into a distinct cell state we named "disease-associated motor neurons" (DMs). We identified transcription factor networks that govern how healthy cells transition into DMs and those associated with motor neuron subtype-selective vulnerability. Upregulation of DM-associated transcription factors in human motor neurons induced key features of DMs, demonstrating an active regulatory component. Human ALS spinal cord single-nucleus RNA sequencing data demonstrated conservation of the DM signature in alpha motor neurons, and human orthologs of regions differentially accessible in SOD1-G93A mouse motor neurons were enriched for ALS genetic risk variants. Together, these findings establish a conserved, genetically linked motor neuron signature in ALS.},
}

@article {pmid42337117,
year = {2026},
author = {Hahn, WO and Corey, L},
title = {The sooner you boost the better.},
journal = {Nature immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42337117},
issn = {1529-2916},
}

@article {pmid42338475,
year = {2026},
author = {Gasperetti, T and Kandhavelu, J and Jayatilake, M and Kanholm, T and Wang, S and Bonsal, S and Low, SWY and Fish, BL and Omari, E and Araujo, YS and Chaurasia, SS and Argento, D and Stewart, RD and Cheema, AK and Boerma, M and Himburg, HA},
title = {Multi-organ acute and delayed effects following exposure to neutron radiation.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {29},
number = {7},
pages = {116380},
pmid = {42338475},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Neutron radiation exposure is a life-threatening consequence of nuclear disasters. To determine the effect of high dose neutron exposures on late responding organs, we assessed survival and characterized organ-specific injuries in adult male and female rats exposed to whole-body 2-10 Gy high linear energy transfer fast neutrons with 5%-8% bone marrow shielding. Survival through the acute and delayed sequelae of organ radiation injury was monitored for 1 year. Longitudinal secondary outcomes, including body weight, hematology, respiration, blood urea nitrogen, urinary proteomics and metabolomics, and cataract formation were assessed. During the acute sequelae of gastrointestinal and hematopoietic injury, neutron irradiation was 1.5-1.6 times more damaging than equivalent doses of X-ray. For late-responding organs, the relative biological effect of neutrons was 1.6 for the lung and 1.3 for the kidney. Urine proteomic and metabolomic profiles exhibited a time- and dose-dependent dysregulation. Altered proteins were associated with oxidative stress and renal injury.},
}

@article {pmid42330911,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, A and Singh, Z and Holt, SK and Schade, GR and Singh, T and Wright, JL and VoPham, T},
title = {Impact of low levels of arsenic in drinking water with incident urologic cancers in Washington state.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {514},
number = {},
pages = {142671},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.142671},
pmid = {42330911},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Arsenic is a known carcinogen that may contaminate human drinking water. Since 2000, regulations in the United States (US) have limited arsenic in the water to 10 parts per billion (ppb). However, evidence suggests that even low levels of arsenic may still increase the risks of bladder, prostate and kidney cancer. We performed an ecological study in Washington State (WA) to examine the relationship between low levels of arsenic in drinking water and incident urologic cancers. Average county-level arsenic levels in drinking water were estimated from public water systems in WA (2000-2018). Incident bladder, prostate and kidney cancer cases in WA (2014-2018) were ascertained from the Department of Health. Multivariable Poisson regression was conducted to estimate adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) for the associations between arsenic exposure and cancer risk. We found that average arsenic levels at the county-level were 3.8 ppb (SD 1.1). When comparing the highest (4.16-7.50 ppb) versus lowest (1.65-3.14 ppb) quartiles for arsenic levels in drinking water, the highest quartile was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer (aIRR: 1.21, 95%CI 1.09-1.35), prostate cancer (aIRR: 1.20, 95%CI 1.12-1.29), with a suggestive positive association with kidney cancer (aIRR: 1.10, 95%CI 0.97-1.26). These findings demonstrate that low levels (<10ppb) of arsenic were associated with an increased risk of incident bladder and prostate cancer. Additionally, these data suggest that US drinking water standards may not adequately reduce the risk of cancer associated with low levels of arsenic exposure.},
}

@article {pmid42331265,
year = {2026},
author = {Becker, C and Wechkin, H and Bern-Klug, M and Pope, T and Levine, M and Shen, MJ and Loggers, E},
title = {Minimal Comfort Feeding in Advanced Dementia: Attitudes of Hospice and Palliative Care Professionals.},
journal = {Journal of pain and symptom management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2026.06.007},
pmid = {42331265},
issn = {1873-6513},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Minimal Comfort Feeding (MCF) is a new approach to providing nutrition and hydration to persons with advanced dementia who have previously indicated (or whose surrogate believes) they would not want to live with advanced dementia. The acceptability of MCF has not been studied.

OBJECTIVE: To assess perceptions of hospice and palliative care (HPC) professionals toward MCF.

METHODS: This cross-sectional exploratory survey study of a convenience sample was conducted at a national conference of HPC professionals in February 2025. During a presentation on MCF's definition and ethical basis, attendees engaged in audience response polling and an optional electronic survey. Descriptive results are presented.

RESULTS: Fifty-one people attended the presentation. Forty-five attendees (88%) participated in audience polling and 22 (43%) participated in both polling and the survey. The mean age of survey respondents was 50 (standard deviation 9.58), 19 (86%) identified as White, and 18 (82%) identified as women. Thirty-five of 42 respondents (83%) agreed or strongly agreed that MCF is an acceptable option for PWAD and 93% (39/42) agreed or strongly agreed they would be comfortable discussing MCF with persons with early dementia or who are at risk for dementia as a potential future option. Sixty-nine percent (29/42) anticipated MCF would be somewhat or completely acceptable to families of PWAD, but respondents were divided regarding the ease of implementing MCF in clinical practice.

CONCLUSION: While MCF was highly acceptable in this study, the sample size was small and risk of bias high. Further research is needed.},
}

@article {pmid42332091,
year = {2026},
author = {Hsieh, HC and Gao, G and Han, Q and Brenes, D and Baraznenok, E and Yan, R and Serafin, R and Bishop, KW and Wang, R and Konnick, EQ and Pritchard, CC and Figiel, S and Hamdy, FC and Mills, IG and Reder, NP and Reddi, DM and Paulson, TG and Grady, WM and Valk, JE and True, LD and Haffner, MC and Rao, SR and Woodcock, DJ and Liu, JTC},
title = {3D pathology-guided microdissection.},
journal = {Nature methods},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42332091},
issn = {1548-7105},
support = {R01EB031002, R01CA268207, R01DK138948, U54DK137328//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; R01DK138948, R21CA259687, U2CCA271902, R01CA266386, R01CA140657, R01CA270235//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; R01DK138948, U01CA152756, U2CCA271902, U54CA163060, U01CA182940//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; },
abstract = {Traditional micro- and macrodissection techniques enable the extraction of localized regions in thin tissue sections for molecular analysis. Despite the growing use of three-dimensional (3D) microscopy, analogous methods for volumetric microdissection are lacking. Here we have developed a 3D microdissection method based on computer numerical controlled milling integrated with open-top light-sheet microscopy. We demonstrate the ability to study tumor evolution along convoluted 3D branching architectures, which is inaccessible to two-dimensional methods.},
}

@article {pmid42332200,
year = {2026},
author = {Tsuji, T and Ghajar, CM},
title = {Rewiring dormancy.},
journal = {Nature cell biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42332200},
issn = {1476-4679},
}

@article {pmid42334428,
year = {2026},
author = {Crawford, KHD and Kumbhakar, RG and Lee, J and Potochnic, M and Loeffelbein, R and Greninger, AL and Dhanireddy, S and Frenkel, LM and Budak, JZ},
title = {Letter: Limited Use of Proviral Sequencing in Adults with HIV Starting Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir-Rilpivirine.},
journal = {AIDS patient care and STDs},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {10872914261463839},
doi = {10.1177/10872914261463839},
pmid = {42334428},
issn = {1557-7449},
}

@article {pmid42334715,
year = {2026},
author = {Raymundo, C and Park, JJS and Di, M and Larocca, C and Cella, D and Shinohara, MM},
title = {Assessing content validity of the functional assessment of cancer therapy-cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (FACT-CTCL): a qualitative study.},
journal = {Journal of patient-reported outcomes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s41687-026-01131-z},
pmid = {42334715},
issn = {2509-8020},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphomas characterized by neoplastic T cells in the skin. Common subtypes of CTCL are mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS). Patients with MF/SS can experience significant symptoms that affect health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Although the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (FACT-CTCL) was developed as a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for MF/SS, qualitative evaluation of its content validity in the target population has not been assessed. We therefore evaluated the content validity of the FACT-CTCL in patients with MF/SS and clinicians with expertise in MF/SS.

METHODS: Semi-structured cognitive interviews of patients with a diagnosis of MF or SS, as well as healthcare providers with expertise in treating MF/SS were conducted in alignment with the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). Patients evaluated the relevance, comprehensibility, and comprehensiveness of the FACT-CTCL. Clinicians evaluated relevance and comprehensiveness.

RESULTS: Twelve patients (9 MF, 3 SS) and eight clinician experts (3 oncologists, 4 dermatologists, 1 nurse practitioner) participated. The median age of patients was 68 years (range 36-77); six had early-stage (IA - IIA) disease and six had advanced-stage (IIB - IVB) disease. All items were deemed relevant by at least 95% of participants, and 44 of 47 items achieved 100% relevance across patients and clinicians. All items achieved at least 90% comprehensibility among patients, and 39 of 47 scored items were understood by all patients. All patients found the instructions and response options easy to understand, and all participants considered the instrument comprehensive.

CONCLUSIONS: The FACT-CTCL demonstrated strong content validity in this sample of patients with MF/SS and expert clinicians. These findings support further evaluation and use of the FACT-CTCL as a disease-specific HRQoL instrument in MF/SS, while additional study in larger and more diverse populations remains warranted.},
}

@article {pmid42239110,
year = {2026},
author = {Sokolov, D and Zheng, E and Danquah, S and Hart, ML and Sullivan, LB},
title = {Adaptive plasticity of aspartate metabolism in succinate dehydrogenase-deficient cancer cells.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42239110},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) supports cancer cell proliferation by enabling oxidative biosynthesis of the amino acid aspartate, yet SDH loss can also drive tumorigenesis. To cope with SDH loss, cancer cells can engage alternative aspartate synthesis pathways; however, the variables dictating pathway usage and adaptive mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. Here, we systematically profile the adaptation of SDH-knockout cancer cells and find that cells can adapt to SDH loss via at least two distinct mechanisms: suppression of respiratory complex I or upregulation of pyruvate carboxylase. Each route gives rise to distinct metabolic states with both shared and unique dependencies, but either route allows cells to overcome aspartate limitation, improve proliferative fitness, and mitigate pyrimidine-dependent replication stress. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive view of adaptive aspartate synthesis in SDH-deficient cancer cells, highlights a remarkable redox-constrained metabolic plasticity, and nominates potential metabolic vulnerabilities likely to be shared among SDH-deficient cancer cells.},
}

@article {pmid42239177,
year = {2026},
author = {Finkbeiner, C and Otto, D and Setty, M},
title = {Echo characterizes the desynchronization of gene expression and chromatin accessibility during cell-state transitions.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42239177},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Cell-state transitions during differentiation and disease involve coordinated changes across gene expression and chromatin accessibility, but these modalities do not change in lockstep. For example, regulatory elements can be primed before their target genes are expressed or remain accessible after expression ceases. This desynchronization between changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility can manifest at the level of cell states. Understanding the drivers of this desynchronization can give insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cell-state progression. Here we introduce Echo, a statistical framework that identifies desynchronized cell states and the associated genes and regulatory elements from paired single-cell RNA and ATAC data. Echo States estimates cell-state density independently for each modality and compares them to determine which states are better resolved in RNA or ATAC. Echo Features then predicts feature values over each state space to identify the genes, regulatory loci, and transcription-factor motifs driving this desynchronization. Applying Echo to the developing human fetal retina, we find that desynchronization is pervasive across every major cell population. Expression of cell-cycle genes resolves multipotent progenitors in gene expression but not chromatin accessibility, while fate priming resolves cycling neurogenic precursors in chromatin accessibility before gene expression. By combining desynchronized states and features along the cone trajectory, we reconstructed the regulatory logic of cone fate specification from multipotent progenitors, revealing a tight coupling between multipotency exit, cell cycle and lineage specification. Applying Echo to human hematopoiesis, we identified that the balance between stem-cell quiescence and differentiation is resolved more strongly in chromatin accessibility than in gene expression. Our results establish desynchronization as a pervasive, structured feature of differentiating systems, and Echo as a framework for characterizing the interplay between gene expression and chromatin accessibility during cell-state transitions.},
}

@article {pmid42320550,
year = {2026},
author = {Halm, EA and Nair, R and Skinner, CS and Hu, E and Lykken, JM and Green, B and Jensen, CD and Levin, TR and Schottinger, J and Ghai, NR and Corley, DA and Chubak, J},
title = {Longitudinal adherence with stool-based testing for colorectal cancer screening in four US health systems.},
journal = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cgh.2026.06.019},
pmid = {42320550},
issn = {1542-7714},
abstract = {BACKGROUND & AIMS: Longitudinal adherence with annual stool-based screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) is guideline-recommended. This paper assessed patterns and predictors of repeat stool-based screening over time and associated outcomes.

METHODS: This retrospective cohort study followed adults 50-65 years in four health systems eligible for repeat screening following a negative index FIT or gFOBT in 2010-2011 for up to ten years. Repeat stool-based testing patterns were categorized as: consistent (≥75% of rounds completed, inconsistent (<75%), and never repeaters. Multivariable predictors of consistent testing were analyzed, as well as associations between screening consistency and cancer stage at diagnosis.

RESULTS: Among 492,812 individuals, 54% were consistent repeaters, 30% inconsistent repeaters, and 16% never repeaters. The proportion of never repeaters declined with more follow-up time, while inconsistent repeating increased. Consistent repeating remained fairly constant. Health system was the strongest predictor of consistent screening with wide variation by site. Consistent repeating was also associated with: older age, male sex, being Non-Hispanic White, lower comorbidity, BMI<25, public insurance, prior stool-based testing, and a PCP visit in the past year. Advanced stage CRC was more frequent among never repeaters (19% vs. 12% for inconsistent and 12% consistent repeaters). Early-stage cancer was more common among consistent repeaters (56% vs. 49% inconsistent and 44% never repeaters).

CONCLUSIONS: Among patients initially screened with an annual stool-based test, about half (54%) consistently repeated it, and 16% never repeated during available follow-up. The health system where the patient was cared for was most strongly associated with consistent stool-based testing, and higher adherence was associated with earlier cancer stage at diagnosis.},
}

@article {pmid42320717,
year = {2026},
author = {Sadowska-Klasa, A and Xie, H and Holmberg, LA and Waghmare, A and Leisenring, WM and Boeckh, MJ},
title = {Cytomegalovirus After Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Impact on Outcome and A Personalized Risk-adapted Prevention Strategy.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.06.009},
pmid = {42320717},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) is standard consolidation therapy, but the incidence and impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection post-auto-HCT remain poorly defined. Current guidelines do not recommend CMV surveillance for unmodified grafts due to insufficient evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of CMV reactivation and disease in a routinely monitored CMV-seropositive population, identify associated risk factors, assess the impact on mortality and develop a rational algorithm for CMV surveillance in non-CD34[+] selected auto-HCT recipients.

STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed 1,000 CMV-seropositive auto-HCT recipients (2011-2021) prospectively monitored for CMV reactivation; 846 CMV-seronegative recipients served as comparators for survival. Preemptive antiviral therapy was initiated at standardized viral load thresholds using a risk-adapted approach. Univariable and multivariable time to event analyses were used to assess predictors of CMV endpoints and transplant outcomes, and to develop a risk-prediction model.

RESULTS: By day +100, CMV viremia, clinically significant CMV (requiring antiviral therapy), high-risk CMV infection (≥500 IU/mL/ ≥7 Ag or CMV disease), and disease developed in 29%, 13.7%, 4.4%, and 1%, respectively. CMV serostatus did not affect non-relapse mortality or overall survival. High-risk CMV infection or disease was associated with pre-HCT CMV viremia, prior HIV exposure, and receipt of anti-thymocyte globulin in patients with non-malignant disorders. Among patients with lymphoma and myeloma, pre-HCT creatinine (>1.5 mg/dL), hypoalbuminemia (<3.4 g/dL), and lymphoma diagnosis were significant risk factors for high-risk infection, yielding a 9.4% high-risk CMV incidence among patients with >2 risk factors versus 1.4% patients with zero risk factors. Post-transplant use of corticosteroids independently increased the risk of CMV reactivation. High-risk CMV infection was associated with non-relapse mortality in multivariable models.

CONCLUSIONS: A subgroup of CMV-seropositive autograft recipients continue to be at risk for CMV complications. The proposed risk-adapted surveillance provides a rational strategy to target PCR surveillance while minimizing the risk of severe CMV complications.},
}

@article {pmid42323086,
year = {2026},
author = {Kerbauy, MN and Arcuri, LJ and Colturato, VAR and Souza, MP and Colturato, I and Scheinberg, P and Barros, GMN and Macedo, MCMA and Funke, VAM and Ribeiro, AAF and Lerner, D and Zecchin, VG and Colella, MP and Oltramari, MRP and Zogbi, YAN and Daudt, LE and Soares, R and Duarte, FB and Seber, A and Filho, JS and Dias, DF and Moreira, MCR and Vigorito, AC and de Macedo, AV and Simione, A and Velloso, MCB and Bonfim, CMS and Patel, J and Pasquini, M and Rocha, V and Flowers, ME and Hamerschlak, N},
title = {Haploidentical versus HLA-Matched Unrelated Donors for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Acute Leukemia: A Multicenter Observational Study in a Developing Country Facilitated by Collaboration between the CIBMTR and the Brazilian Society of Cellular Therapy and Bone Marrow Transplantation (SBTMO).},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.06.033},
pmid = {42323086},
issn = {2666-6367},
}

@article {pmid42323284,
year = {2026},
author = {Bouzek, HK and Zepeda-Rivera, MA and Srinivasan, S and Lee, EM and Strenk, SM and Jones, DS and McMahon, EF and Fiedler, TL and Kostovski, M and France, MT and Ravel, J and Fredricks, DN and Johnston, CD},
title = {A syntenic pangenome of Gardnerella reveals novel plasmids and phage, taxonomic boundaries, and species-level stratification of metabolic and virulence potential.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-74458-2},
pmid = {42323284},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {DE027850//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)/ ; Startup Funds//Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Hutchinson Center)/ ; },
abstract = {Gardnerella species are key drivers of bacterial vaginosis (BV), a prevalent condition affecting nearly one in three women of reproductive age and associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. Despite decades of study, progress in defining Gardnerella diversity has been hindered by inconsistent taxonomy and poor-quality genomic resources. Here we sequenced 392 Gardnerella isolates spanning asymptomatic and BV-associated microbiota and integrated this collection with all publicly available genomes to create a curated, high-quality reference set of 312 genomes. We resolved 21 genomic lineages encompassing 11 species and 15 subspecies using phylogenomics, average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and assigned each a provisional taxonomic name. Long-read assemblies enabled construction of a syntenic Gardnerella pangenome, revealing lineage-specific repertoires of virulence, metabolic, and defense, including variable sialidases (NanH), vaginolysin, and amino-acid biosynthetic pathways alongside conserved genomic organization. Comparative methylome profiling uncovered restriction-modification system diversity suggesting barriers to genetic exchange. Finally, we identified native cryptic plasmids in Gardnerella, overturning the assumption that the genus lacks plasmids. Together, these results establish a complete genomic and functional framework for Gardnerella, providing a reproducible foundation for mechanistic and translational studies of BV and a model for resolving taxonomy and functional stratification in other urogenital-associated bacteria.},
}

@article {pmid42325809,
year = {2026},
author = {Nair, N and Brenner, S and Rivera, A and Norquist, B and Rimel, BJ},
title = {Vaginal dilator therapy for pelvic cancer patients: a review.},
journal = {Gynecologic oncology reports},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {102140},
pmid = {42325809},
issn = {2352-5789},
abstract = {Vulvovaginal atrophy affects up to 84% of postmenopausal women and is even more prevalent among cancer survivors. Hypoestrogenism leads to thinning of vaginal epithelium, decreased elasticity, reduced lubrication, and increased tissue fragility, resulting in symptoms such as vaginal dryness, irritation, dyspareunia, and pain with pelvic examination. Cancer treatments-including chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, pelvic radiation, and gynecologic surgery-can induce abrupt estrogen deficiency and accelerate vulvovaginal atrophy beyond what seen in natural menopause. Pelvic radiation in particular is associated with long-term vaginal toxicity, including fibrosis, shortening, and stenosis, which may impair sexual function and limit adequate pelvic examination. Rates of clinically significant vaginal stenosis after chemoradiation for cervical cancer may exceed 30% without preventive intervention. Vaginal dilator therapy is a commonly recommended non-hormonal strategy intended to mechanically stretch vaginal tissues, prevent adhesions, and maintain vaginal patency following cancer treatment. Dilators are cylindrical devices available in multiple sizes and materials, with gradual progression in size recommended to improve vaginal elasticity and tolerance. Lubricants-preferably water-based and physiologically compatible in pH and osmolality-are essential to reduce friction and improve comfort during use. Prospective evidence, although limited, suggests vaginal dilator therapy may reduce the severity of vaginal stenosis. Randomized and observational studies demonstrate decreased stenosis progression, improved dilator tolerance, and better sexual function when therapy is initiated early and used consistently. However, adherence remains a major barrier, with many patients unable to maintain recommended frequency of use. Improved patient education, early access to dilators, and supportive follow-up may enhance adherence and therapeutic benefit.},
}

@article {pmid42329347,
year = {2026},
author = {Harris, WP and García-Alfonso, P and Metges, JP and Cubillo-Gracian, A and Zaanan, A and Carlos, LL and Ronzoni, M and Ponz-Sarvise, M and Baakili, A and Kefsi, A and Andrieu, L and Agrawal, M and Wang, W and Paehler, T and Abbadessa, G and Van Cutsem, E},
title = {Evaluating pegenzileukin (SAR444245/THOR-707) in combination with pembrolizumab or cetuximab in advanced metastatic gastrointestinal cancer: the PEGATHOR phase 2 study.},
journal = {Investigational new drugs},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42329347},
issn = {1573-0646},
abstract = {Pegenzileukin (SAR444245) is a pegylated recombinant human IL-2 variant designed to expand effector T cells and NK cells without stimulating regulatory T cells. This study evaluated pegenzileukin with pembrolizumab or cetuximab for treating advanced gastrointestinal cancers. A total of 138 patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC), colorectal carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were enrolled across seven cohorts in this phase 2 study. Patients received pegenzileukin (24 µg/kg every 3 weeks [Q3W]) with pembrolizumab (200 mg Q3W) or cetuximab (initially 400 mg/m[2] and then 250 mg/m[2] weekly). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). The secondary endpoints were time to response, response duration, clinical benefit rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and safety. Exploratory biomarker analyses assessed immune cell expansion and cytokine levels. The ORR varied across the cohorts, with the highest in ESCC cohort (1/5; 20.0%) and the lowest in GC Cohort 2 and the HCC cohort (1/19; 5.3% and 1/20; 5.0%, respectively). The median PFS was consistent across the cohorts (1.9-2.1 months). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were asthenia (Pegenzileukin + pembrolizumab) and infusion-related reactions (Pegenzileukin + cetuximab). The biomarker analyses demonstrated robust expansion of CD8[+] T cells, CD8[+] Ki67[+] T cells, NK cells, and NK Ki67[+] cells without significant modulation of regulatory T cells. Pegenzileukin with pembrolizumab or cetuximab demonstrated limited efficacy, with a manageable safety profile in advanced GI cancers. The biomarker data supported the mechanism of action involving the upregulation of CD8[+] T cells and NK cells. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05104567.},
}

@article {pmid42329588,
year = {2026},
author = {Ermann, DA and Stephens, DM and Wang, X and Varghese, I and De Souza, H and Sheetz, C and Fu, Q and Maglinte, GA and Williams, R and Seymour, EK and van Beuge, D and Shadman, M and Jacobs, R},
title = {Real-World Outcomes Among Medicare Beneficiaries Treated with Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment-Naïve CLL.},
journal = {Oncology and therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42329588},
issn = {2366-1089},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is a dearth of head-to-head studies comparing covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (cBTK) inhibitors in adults with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Real-world evidence may complement clinical trial data by assessing relative effectiveness in routine practice. This retrospective observational study used a de-identified Medicare Fee-For-Service database to compare real-world outcomes associated with first-line cBTKi monotherapies in older adults with CLL.

METHODS: Patients aged ≥ 65 years with CLL initiating first-line ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, or zanubrutinib monotherapy between January 1, 2020 and September 30, 2025 were included. Real-world time to treatment discontinuation (rwTTD), time to next treatment (rwTTNT), and overall survival (rwOS) were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards models. Subgroup analyses were performed by age group.

RESULTS: Among 10,523 patients included, 3006 (28.6%) received zanubrutinib (median follow-up 15.8 months), 4309 (40.9%) received acalabrutinib (20.7 months), and 3208 (30.5%) received ibrutinib (34.9 months). Median rwTTD was not reached (NR) for zanubrutinib, compared with 24 months for acalabrutinib and 14 months for ibrutinib. Median rwTTNT was NR for zanubrutinib, 40 months for acalabrutinib, and 20 months for ibrutinib. After adjustments for age, sex, race, CCI, and year of index, zanubrutinib had significantly longer rwTTD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.57 [95% CI 0.51-0.61]), rwTTNT (HR 0.63 [0.55-0.71]), and rwOS (HR 0.64 [0.54-0.77]) compared to ibrutinib. Zanubrutinib also had significantly improved rwTTD (HR 0.86 [0.78-0.94]), rwTTNT (HR 0.87 [0.78-0.96]), and rwOS (HR 0.77 [0.66-0.88]) compared to acalabrutinib. Similar patterns were observed when stratified by age group over 65.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that zanubrutinib is associated with improved real-world outcomes compared with other cBTK inhibitors.},
}

@article {pmid42329767,
year = {2026},
author = {Kirtley, P and Martinson, T and Donnellan, FR and Aleshnick, M and Nielsen, K and Mayer, BT and Borate, B and Huang, TJ and Pipini, D and Rigby, CA and Quinkert, D and Silk, SE and Minassian, AM and McHugh, K and Draper, SJ and Wilder, BK},
title = {Addition of blood-stage antibody enhances anti-sporozoite antibody protection in a humanized mouse model of Plasmodium falciparum infection.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {45},
number = {7},
pages = {117573},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117573},
pmid = {42329767},
issn = {2211-1247},
abstract = {Malaria continues to exact a high disease burden worldwide, and improved vaccines and therapeutics are desperately needed. Both licensed vaccines target only the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) expressed during early stages of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Vaccines targeting the subsequent blood stage, in particular those based on RH5, are also showing clinical promise. Concrete data demonstrating the utility of a combination of antigens are lacking. Using a humanized liver mouse model, we show that anti-CSP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) lose protection below ∼30 μg/mL serum concentration and plateau above ∼60 μg/mL. Yet breakthrough infections have multiple logs fewer parasites emerging from the liver. The addition of an anti-RH5 blood stage mAb to a partially protective anti-CSP mAb yields additional benefits by controlling the ensuing blood stage parasitemia to a transient and extremely low-level infection. These results provide the proof-of-concept evidence that multi-stage antibodies may be more protective compared to a single stage approach.},
}

@article {pmid42330371,
year = {2026},
author = {Dutta, A and Banerjee, R},
title = {Machine Learning for Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance Screening: Who, How, and Why?.},
journal = {JCO clinical cancer informatics},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {e2600109},
doi = {10.1200/CCI-26-00109},
pmid = {42330371},
issn = {2473-4276},
}

@article {pmid42330502,
year = {2026},
author = {Palsdottir, T and Micoli, C and Eklund, M and Grönberg, H and Jäderling, F and Tilki, D and Lin, DW and Cooperberg, MR and Eggener, SE and Oeffinger, KC and Nordström, T and Vigneswaran, HT},
title = {Stockholm3-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Population-Based Prostate Cancer Screening Study: Two-Year Follow-up.},
journal = {Annals of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7326/ANNALS-25-04753},
pmid = {42330502},
issn = {1539-3704},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing to screen for prostate cancer is controversial. An alternative approach, Stockholm3, combines PSA, plasma protein biomarkers, polygenic risk, and clinical factors into a multivariable risk score.

OBJECTIVE: To compare detection of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC) using PSA and Stockholm3 in a population-based screening with short-term follow-up.

DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the baseline round of the prospective STHLM3-MRI (Prostate Cancer Screening Using a Combination of Risk-Prediction, MRI, and Targeted Prostate Biopsies) randomized screening trial in men aged 50 to 74 years who had PSA and Stockholm3 screening. Men with abnormal screening tests (PSA ≥3 ng/mL or Stockholm3 ≥11) were randomly assigned (2:3) to systematic biopsy or magnetic resonance imaging with systematic and targeted biopsies for lesions with a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System score of 3 or greater. Cancer diagnosed within 2 years was identified through linkage to the Swedish National Cancer Register; cancer after a negative baseline test was classified as false negative. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03377881).

SETTING: Stockholm region, Sweden, 2018 to 2020.

PARTICIPANTS: Men aged 50 to 74 years who had PSA and Stockholm3 screening.

INTERVENTION: Prostate-specific antigen and Stockholm3 tests at baseline.

MEASUREMENTS: Clinically significant prostate cancer (grade group ≥2) within 2 years of baseline.

RESULTS: Among 12 670 men, 443 (3.5%) were diagnosed with csPC. Decision curve analysis showed higher net benefit for Stockholm3 versus PSA across a range of decision thresholds for biopsy, indicating fewer unnecessary biopsies and fewer missed csPC cases. Stockholm3 (≥11) had a false-negative rate of 10% (43 of 443) and a false-positive rate of 11% (1289 of 12 227), whereas PSA (≥3 ng/mL) had a false-negative rate of 26% (116 of 443) and a false-positive rate of 10% (1203 of 12 227). Correspondingly, sensitivity was 90% (95% CI, 87% to 93%) for Stockholm3 and 74% (CI, 69% to 78%) for PSA, with similar specificity (89% vs. 90%).

LIMITATIONS: Participation was approximately 25% of invited men; follow-up was limited to 2 years; and the cohort was predominantly Swedish or European, which may limit generalizability.

CONCLUSION: In this screening cohort with short-term follow-up, Stockholm3 provided greater clinical net benefit than PSA for detecting csPC, driven by fewer false-negative results, although follow-up was limited to 2 years.

PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Swedish Research Council, Swedish Prostate Cancer Society, Stockholm Region, and the Swedish Cancer Society.},
}

@article {pmid42318759,
year = {2026},
author = {Iyaniwura, SA and Qiu, M and Peng, Z},
title = {Mean first passage time of chiral active Brownian particles.},
journal = {Soft matter},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d6sm00448b},
pmid = {42318759},
issn = {1744-6848},
abstract = {Chiral active Brownian particles (CABPs) are self-propelled agents with intrinsic rotational dynamics, giving rise to circular trajectories commonly observed in biological and synthetic microswimmers. Understanding how CABPs explore confined environments and locate targets is crucial for characterizing transport, search efficiency, and reaction processes in physical and biological systems. We study the escape dynamics of CABPs from one- and two-dimensional confined domains. In one dimension, we consider intervals with either two absorbing boundaries or a reflecting boundary on one side and an absorbing boundary on the other, and derive closed-form asymptotic solutions in the high-chirality regime, revealing the quantitative scaling of the mean first passage time (MFPT) as a function of particle rotation speed (chirality). In two dimensions, we analyze escape from a disk containing one absorbing arc or two symmetric absorbing arcs. By numerically solving the governing partial differential equations, we compute the MFPT for CABPs to escape the domains as a function of the particle's initial orientation, self-propulsion speed, angular velocity, and domain geometry. Our results show that, depending on the parameters and geometry, the MFPT can exhibit non-monotonic behavior as a function of chirality. A minimal escape time exists at an intermediate value of chirality, where the rotational time scale balances the active swimming time scale, redirecting a particle towards the exit which would otherwise be blocked due to unfavorable initial orientation. Our work offers a comprehensive characterization of CABP escape dynamics in canonical confinements and identifies chirality as a key control parameter for transport and search in confined physical and biological systems.},
}

@article {pmid42319029,
year = {2026},
author = {Murphy, NR and Omernik, B and Snidarich, M and Heffner, JL and Brooks, E and Crothers, K and Brown, MC and Triplette, M},
title = {A mixed-methods evaluation of a patient navigation intervention to support lung cancer prevention in LGBTQ+ adults.},
journal = {Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ntr/ntag136},
pmid = {42319029},
issn = {1469-994X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) community represents a high-risk group for lung cancer given higher smoking rates. We evaluated implementation of a pilot patient navigation intervention for smoking cessation services combined with lung cancer screening (LCS) care for eligible LGBTQ+ adults.

METHODS: We completed a concurrent mixed-methods evaluation of the intervention to enhance adaptation and future scale. Forty-one LGBTQ+-identifying individuals who were eligible for LCS and currently smoking were enrolled, completed baseline surveys, and underwent the intervention for a 90-day period. Thirty-four participants completed post-intervention surveys and 15 were invited for semi-structured interviews. We conducted a thematic analysis of qualitative data, integrated with quantitative and qualitative survey data through joint displays, guided by the Health Equity Implementation Framework.

RESULTS: We identified fourteen themes in three topical domains. Key themes related to Intervention Success included: flexible communication; iterative contact through a longitudinal relationship; improved confidence and comfort; multimodal and tailored elements. Themes related specifically to LGBTQ+ Care included: LGBTQ+-specific social challenges; the impact of historic discrimination; emphasis on non-judgmental care; and varied responses to LGBTQ+-specific tailoring. Themes related to Future Adaptations included: more education and information on the LGBTQ+-tailored approach; synergy with trusted primary care clinicians; upfront information on financial risks; community connection and peer support; and variable need for more intense support.

CONCLUSIONS: LGBTQ+-tailored patient navigation is an acceptable and well-suited intervention to facilitate and integrate LCS care and smoking cessation. Further adaptation should include more education and incorporate components of community support.},
}

@article {pmid42314036,
year = {2026},
author = {Petty, NE and Wolf, CB and Kanestrom, G and Mendoza, M and Swing, K and Murnane, RD and Tong, A and Starrs, M and Fields, E and Madhu, R and Nelson, V and Bennett, FC and Furlan, SN and Loeb, KR and Radtke, S and Kiem, HP},
title = {Characterization of hematopoietic stem cell-derived microglia-like cells in nonhuman primates.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025019337},
pmid = {42314036},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the current standard of care for a number of neurotrophic lysosomal storage disorders. The therapeutic mechanism of HSCT is believed to be mediated by engraftment of HSC progeny to the brain as microglia-like cells (MLCs). However, the engraftment of MLCs and their transcriptomic identity relative to endogenous microglia is poorly understood. Here, we utilize the autologous nonhuman primate (NHP) HSCT model to investigate the engraftment of MLCs after gene-modified autologous HSCT. We observed engraftment of gene-marked MLCs across a cohort of five NHPs. MLCs engrafted through diverse brain regions; adopted a homeostatic, ramified morphology, and upregulated core microglial transcripts. We then utilized single cell RNA sequencing to more rigorously evaluate the transcriptome of MLCs, revealing a border-associated macrophage-like phenotype. Our findings offer critical insights into the engraftment and behavior of MLCs post-HSCT, laying the groundwork for their future utilization as a directed therapeutic.},
}

@article {pmid42314092,
year = {2026},
author = {Lovly, CM and Baik, C and Nagasaka, M and Patil, T and Maruti, SS and Stanhope, S and Kaya, NA and Herbertz, S and Nordstrom, B and Evans, K and Le, X},
title = {Real-World Patient Characteristics, Mutational Landscape, and Outcomes in Advanced/Metastatic HER2-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.},
journal = {JCO precision oncology},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {e2501272},
doi = {10.1200/PO-25-01272},
pmid = {42314092},
issn = {2473-4284},
mesh = {Humans ; *Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics/pathology/drug therapy/mortality/therapy ; Female ; *Lung Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality/drug therapy ; *Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/genetics ; *Mutation ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Aged, 80 and over ; Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: This observational study assessed the real-world characteristics, treatments, and outcomes of US patients with HER2-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) overall and according to HER2 mutation type (tyrosine kinase domain [TKD] and non-TKD).

METHODS: Deidentified data were extracted for patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC from the Flatiron Health-Foundation Medicine NSCLC Clinico-Genomic Database. Patients with oncogenic HER2 mutations were included. The primary objectives were to assess the prevalence of HER2 mutations and coaberrations, treatment patterns, and real-world overall survival (OS).

RESULTS: Overall, 559/14,768 (3.8%) patients had HER2 mutations; 262 (1.8%) were oncogenic. Patients with oncogenic TKD mutations (n = 197) were more frequently younger, female, and never-smokers than those with oncogenic non-TKD mutations (n = 65) and had fewer oncogenic coaberrations. Among patients with oncogenic HER2 mutations who underwent first-line treatment (n = 193), most received platinum-based chemoimmunotherapy (30.5%) or chemotherapy alone (27.9%); 119 patients (61.7%) received second-line treatment. Median OS after first and second lines of treatment was 13.5 months (95% CI, 11.6 to 16.9) and 11.1 months (95% CI, 9.2 to 13.6), respectively. Median OS with first-line platinum-based chemoimmunotherapy was 21.1 (95% CI, 12.2 to NA) and 11.7 months (95% CI, 8.3 to NA) in patients with TKD/non-TKD mutations, respectively, and median OS with platinum-based chemotherapy alone was 9.1 (95% CI, 5.7 to 16.0) and 17.3 (95% CI, 13.6 to NA) months, respectively.

CONCLUSION: NSCLC patients with oncogenic TKD HER2 mutations had different characteristics and genetic features than patients with non-TKD mutations. Real-world outcomes with first- and second-line standard-of-care treatment were suboptimal, highlighting the need for new treatment options for patients with advanced HER2-mutant NSCLC.},
}

Humans
*Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics/pathology/drug therapy/mortality/therapy
Female
*Lung Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality/drug therapy
*Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
*Mutation
Aged
Middle Aged
Male
Aged, 80 and over
Adult
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid42315079,
year = {2026},
author = {Beekman, C and Morita, S and Neibart, S and Duda, DG and Paganetti, H and Grassberger, C and Shih, HA},
title = {No evidence for depletion of circulating lymphocyte populations in primary brain tumor patients receiving radiotherapy alone.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.05.051},
pmid = {42315079},
issn = {1879-355X},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of radiotherapy (RT) for brain tumors on circulating lymphocyte populations and understand this from a dosimetric perspective.

METHODS: This prospective study enrolled primary brain tumor patients treated with either photon or proton RT. To specifically study the effect of RT, only patients without concurrent chemotherapy were eligible. For each patient, blood samples were collected before, during and after RT, as well as at the first follow-up, for flow cytometry analysis of blood cells. We used a stochastic model to compute blood dose distributions from treatment plans and patient-specific blood flow simulations. Dose to the lymph nodes in the head and neck region was also assessed. Dose distributions and lymphocyte trends from patients treated with photon versus proton therapy were compared.

RESULTS: Thirty-five patients with a median age of 50 were included: 27 patients with benign tumors (mostly meningiomas) and 8 with malignant tumors (mostly gliomas). There were no significant RT-induced changes in either the total lymphocyte count or its subpopulations in this patient cohort. In line with this finding, dosimetric analyses showed that total blood doses were ∼0.1-0.2 Gy and that most lymph nodes in the head-and-neck area are spared. Proton RT was associated to a greater dosimetric sparing of both blood and lymph nodes.

CONCLUSION: In this exploratory analysis, we found no evidence that RT alone results in significant changes in peripheral lymphocyte counts in primary brain tumor patients treated to limited intracranial volumes. The lack of apparent RT-induced cytotoxicity is consistent with the limited dose received by either the blood or the regional lymph nodes.},
}

@article {pmid42315502,
year = {2026},
author = {Sharp, J and Bhatta, S and Huang, JJ and Thomas, CJ and Elghawy, O and Fitzgerald, L and Reef, D and Teferra, A and Voorhees, TJ and Gupta, S and Grover, NS and Barta, SK and Shadman, M and Epperla, N},
title = {Real-world outcomes of bispecific antibody therapy after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in follicular lymphoma.},
journal = {Blood cancer journal},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42315502},
issn = {2044-5385},
support = {T32CA247815//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; },
}

@article {pmid42317600,
year = {2026},
author = {Iovino, L and Ma, N and Kharfan-Dabaja, MA and Herrera, AF and Sauter, CS and Hamadani, M and Riedell, PA and Gopal, AK and Holmberg, L and Wu, QV and Smith, SM and Shadman, M},
title = {Autologous transplant for patients with chemotherapy-sensitive late relapse of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.},
journal = {Blood neoplasia},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {100240},
pmid = {42317600},
issn = {2950-3280},
abstract = {In the era of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is preferentially offered to patients with late relapse (>12 months) who achieve complete or partial response (CR or PR, respectively) to salvage therapy. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using publicly available data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research in this population. We included adult patients with DLBCL, not otherwise specified, and high-grade large B-cell lymphomas who experienced disease relapsed after remaining on a response to first line of treatment for at least 12 months and who achieved a CR or PR after salvage treatment at the time of relapse. A total of 182 patients treated between 2013 and 2021 were included in the analysis: 100 had CR and 82 had PR before ASCT. Median follow-up after ASCT was 34 months (range, 1-95). Overall survival (OS) at 3 years was 67.6%, and progression-free survival (PFS) was 50.6%. Cumulative incidence of relapse at 3 years was 43.9%. Older age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; P = .026) and a higher number of previous lines of treatment (HR, 1.43; P = .002) were associated with inferior OS. Multivariable analysis showed that the number of previous treatments had a significant impact on the OS (P = .009), whereas undergoing ASCT in a PR status was the only factor significantly associated with inferior PFS (P = .029; HR, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.82). In summary, ASCT still provides high efficacy in patients experiencing late relapses (after 12 months) who have chemotherapy-sensitive disease after pretransplant salvage.},
}

@article {pmid41824381,
year = {2026},
author = {Oertel, M and Dabaja, B and Görlich, D and Thomas, BR and Sim, V and Johnstone, P and Hashmi, A and Levis, M and Ackerson, B and Hague, C and Weil, CR and Plastaras, J and Roos, D and Kirova, Y and Fietkau, R and Fang, PQ and Ng, A and Bock, F and Tseng, YD and Linde, P and Dunst, J and Terezakis, S and Easwaran, T and Peeken, JC and Wittig, A and Yoon, HI and Tao, R and Illidge, T and Kelsey, CR and Ricardi, U and Binkley, MS and Campbell, BA and Morris, S and Elsayad, K and Storck, M and Hoppe, RT and Eich, HT},
title = {Radiotherapy for indolent primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma: an international multicenter ILROG analysis.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {147},
number = {25},
pages = {3051-3060},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2025032050},
pmid = {41824381},
issn = {1528-0020},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy/pathology/mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Lymphoma, B-Cell/radiotherapy/pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {Radiotherapy is an established treatment for low-grade primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Recommendations on its use differ internationally, which prompted our group to conduct this analysis. Twenty-two institutions participated in this international study. Patient eligibility required a diagnosis of limited (T1/T2) primary cutaneous marginal zone or follicle center lymphoma treated with radiotherapy between 1995 and 2023. Data were collected retrospectively until February 2024 within the framework of the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group. Overall, 535 patients were analyzed. Predominant locations were the head (40%) and trunk (36%). Radiotherapy had a median dose of 24 Gy in fractions of 2 Gy. Complete responses were observed in 91% at a median time of 3.6 months following radiotherapy. There was no statistically significant difference between treatments ≤4 Gy and >4 Gy for complete or overall response rates (P = .077 and P = .056, respectively). However, there was an inferior duration of local control with ≤4 Gy (5-year local control 73% ± 12% vs 96% ± 2%; P< .001). Radiation dose was the main prognostic factor in the univariate and multivariable Cox analysis; however, higher doses did not translate into an overall survival benefit. Toxicities rarely exceeded grade 2 but were more frequent in the >4 Gy group. Radiotherapy remains an effective treatment option for indolent skin lymphoma with low toxicity. High response rates are observed with low doses of ≤4 Gy. In comparison to conventional doses, these treatments have a shorter duration of local control but a favorable toxicity profile.},
}

Humans
Female
*Skin Neoplasms/radiotherapy/pathology/mortality
Male
Middle Aged
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
*Lymphoma, B-Cell/radiotherapy/pathology
Retrospective Studies
Adult
Prognosis

@article {pmid42307267,
year = {2026},
author = {Lee, PC and Schweizer, MT and Nadal, R},
title = {Piggybacking Towards Progress for CAR-T Cell Therapy in Prostate Cancer.},
journal = {Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-26-0959},
pmid = {42307267},
issn = {1557-3265},
abstract = {P-PSMA-101 is a first-in-class, stem cell memory T cell-enriched, PSMA-targeting CAR-T therapy. This cellular therapy showed notable clinical activity in two patients; however, PSA50 responses were generally modest. While severe immune effector-related toxicities were observed in some patients, a novel iCasp9 safety switch was largely effective in mitigating toxicity.},
}

@article {pmid42308287,
year = {2026},
author = {Bhattacharya, T and Freeman, TS and Alleman, EM and Wang, F and Chechik, L and Emerman, M and Myles, KM and Malik, HS},
title = {A conserved in-frame stop codon acts as a multipotent defense mechanism in alphaviruses.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {12},
number = {25},
pages = {eaee6015},
pmid = {42308287},
issn = {2375-2548},
mesh = {Animals ; *Sindbis Virus/genetics/physiology ; *Codon, Terminator/genetics ; Virus Replication/genetics ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics ; *Alphavirus/genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Aedes/virology ; Mutation ; RNA Interference ; Immunity, Innate ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; Cell Line ; },
abstract = {Most alphaviruses maintain an in-frame opal stop codon that interrupts their nonstructural polyprotein (nsP) ORF between nsP3 and nsP4 in both vertebrate and insect hosts. We show that the nsP3 opal stop codon confers a replicative advantage to Sindbis virus (SINV) in RNAi-competent Aedes cells and mosquitoes but not in RNAi-deficient cells or mosquitoes. Mutation of the opal stop codon delays processing of the viral nsP polyprotein, disrupts viral replication spherule integrity, and renders viral RNA susceptible to Dicer 2 cleavage, resulting in higher antiviral siRNA responses against SINV. Similarly, these defects caused by opal codon mutations lead to increased viral RNA detection and enhanced immune signaling in vertebrate cells. Thus, a single stop codon in alphaviruses mediates a multipotent viral strategy to evade innate immune defenses across diverse hosts.},
}

Animals
*Sindbis Virus/genetics/physiology
*Codon, Terminator/genetics
Virus Replication/genetics
Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
*Alphavirus/genetics
RNA, Viral/genetics
Aedes/virology
Mutation
RNA Interference
Immunity, Innate
RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
Cell Line

@article {pmid42309306,
year = {2026},
author = {Bulbaai, MT and Wesselink, E and Bisseling, TM and Koornstra, JJ and van Leerdam, ME and Le Marchand, L and Newcomb, PA and Samadder, NJ and Schep-Wijnveen, HJM and Kampman, E and van Duijnhoven, FJB},
title = {Fish consumption and colorectal neoplasms among Lynch syndrome carriers.},
journal = {The Journal of nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101670},
doi = {10.1016/j.tjnut.2026.101670},
pmid = {42309306},
issn = {1541-6100},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fish intake may exert anti-neoplastic effects, potentially through omega-3 fatty acids. However, its role in the development of colorectal neoplasms (CRNs) among individuals with Lynch syndrome (LS), a genetic predisposition to colorectal cancer, remains unclear.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the association between fish intake and CRN risk among Lynch syndrome carriers, overall and across subgroups defined by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug/aspirin use, sex, geographic region, CRN history, and pathogenic variant type, and to examine associations between fish types and CRN risk.

METHODS: Data from 1,816 confirmed LS carriers in the GEOLynch cohort (the Netherlands) and the Colon Cancer Family Registry (Australia, Canada, USA) were used. Information on fish intake was collected at inclusion using food frequency questionnaires. CRNs included adenoma, serrated lesions, and colorectal cancer. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across sex-specific quartiles and per 10 grams/day of total fish intake. Associations for specific fish types were assessed per 5 gram/day increase.

RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 7.0 years [Interquartile range: 2.8-13.6], 742 (40.9%) participants developed a CRN. The CRN risk was similar in individuals in the highest quartile of fish intake compared to the lowest quartile (HR 1.03; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.32). No association was observed for each 10 grams/day increment in fish intake (HR: 1.0; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.05) and across subgroups. However, a 5 gram/day increase in canned fish appeared to increase the risk of CRNs (HR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10).

CONCLUSIONS: Total fish intake does not appear to influence the development of CRNs in individuals with LS, while the influence of canned fish intake on CRN risk should be further investigated.},
}

@article {pmid42309667,
year = {2026},
author = {Jiang, CF and Yin, Y and Robson, P and Li, YJ and Li, JJ and Song, D},
title = {Flexible and scalable inference of spatially varying correlation in spatial transcriptomics with spCorr.},
journal = {Genome research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/gr.281559.125},
pmid = {42309667},
issn = {1549-5469},
abstract = {Spatial transcriptomics has transformed our ability to explore gene expression within its tissue context, enabling us to dissect subtle yet biologically significant variations in situ Although numerous computational methods have been proposed to identify Spatially Varying Genes (SVGs) by modeling their expression separately, much less effort has been devoted to understanding how correlations between genes change across space. Such Spatially Varying Correlations (SVCs) are critical for understanding biological processes such as gene regulatory mechanisms shaped by local tissue environments, yet existing tools remain limited for this task. To address this gap, we present spCorr, a flexible and scalable regression framework for studying SVCs. spCorr provides interpretable, spot-level estimates of gene correlation and detects gene pairs whose correlations vary across locations or between tissue domains. Through extensive simulations and real-data analyses, we show that spCorr achieves high detection power, reliably controls the False Discovery Rate (FDR), and is computationally efficient. Importantly, spCorr reveals biologically meaningful correlation patterns that highlight fine-scale tissue structures, gene module functions, and region-specific interactions, offering new opportunities to study coordinated gene regulation in spatial transcriptomics.},
}

@article {pmid42311653,
year = {2026},
author = {Petrina, MAB and Dong, TQ and Beamer, M and Bunge, K and Fairlie, L and Mhlanga, F and Balkus, JE and Noguchi, LM and Piper, J and Brown, ER and Hillier, SL},
title = {Vaginal Microbiota and Cytokines Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in Clinical Trials of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring and Oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {ofag329},
pmid = {42311653},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vaginal dysbiosis is associated with HIV acquisition and preterm delivery. Our objective was to evaluate prevalent vaginal infections, and changes in microbiota and cytokines among pregnant and breastfeeding women from 4 African countries using dapivirine vaginal ring (DVR) or oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) in 2 parallel nonoverlapping trials.

METHODS: MTN-042 (NCT03965923) was a randomized trial evaluating daily TDF/FTC or monthly DVR during pregnancy (n = 558), and MTN-043 (NCT04140266) was a randomized study evaluating TDF/FTC or DVR during breastfeeding (n = 197). Women were evaluated for vaginal infections at enrollment and follow-up using Nugent score and BD Max™ Vaginal Panel. Microbiota was evaluated by quantitative PCR for 12 bacterial targets; 5 cytokines and RANTES were evaluated by MAGPIX. Rates of change in vaginal microbiota and cytokines and prevalence of vaginal infections were evaluated using generalized linear mixed models and Benjamini-Hochberg (BH)-adjusted P values.

RESULTS: Vaginal infections, microbiota and cytokines did not differ between the 2 study arms at baseline. Lactobacillus crispatus was less frequently detected postpartum and during breastfeeding compared with pregnancy. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and Candida were common during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but there was no significant difference in the rate of change in these infections by study arm. BV-associated microbiota and cytokines changed over pregnancy and postpartum, but the rate of change by study arm did not differ.

CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal infections, microbiota or cytokines/chemokines changes were similar in women using DVR or TDF/FTC. These data augment the robust safety profile for DVR to support its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.},
}

@article {pmid42312404,
year = {2026},
author = {Chung, RK and Oehler, VG},
title = {Rooted in reality, living with hope: post-treatment fertility preservation.},
journal = {Haematologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3324/haematol.2026.301131},
pmid = {42312404},
issn = {1592-8721},
abstract = {Not available.},
}

@article {pmid42312950,
year = {2026},
author = {Keck, JM and Zhu, L and Stommel, JM and Egger, JA and Ozmen, TY and Ozmen, F and Lee, J and Tate, B and Rames, MJ and Creason, AL and Suciu, CG and Pucilowska, J and Mills, GB and Davis, LE},
title = {Comprehensive multi-omic profiling of desmoplastic small round cell tumors identifies targetable pathways with therapeutic opportunities.},
journal = {Molecular cancer research : MCR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-25-1134},
pmid = {42312950},
issn = {1557-3125},
abstract = {Desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCTs) are rare, aggressive, fusion-driven sarcomas with poor outcomes despite intensive chemotherapy. Utilization of targeted therapies in DSRCT remains limited, underscoring the need for deeper characterization of patient tumors. To address this, we performed multi-omic profiling on nine patient-derived tumor biopsies from five patients enrolled in a precision oncology program. We consistently observed elevated mRNA and protein expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), androgen receptor (AR), and DNA damage response (DDR) markers, and characterized these molecular features using an integrated assay suite including bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, protein profiling, immunohistochemistry, immune analyses, and functional homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) testing. We define a replication stress-associated DNA damage landscape and identify functional HRD in a subset of tumors lacking genomic HRD scar signatures. Single-cell analyses reveal intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity, while longitudinal sampling uncovers treatment-dependent shifts in expression and activity that may contribute to adaptive resistance. The immune microenvironment is characterized by dysfunctional T-cell states and sparse antigen-presenting cells. Collectively, these analyses delineate recurrent, biologically targetable features and patient-specific vulnerabilities, establishing a foundation for biomarker-guided therapeutic strategies in DSRCT. These findings support the investigation of rational combination approaches informed by sensitive detection methods and functional testing to address resistance in ultra-rare cancers. Implications: Integrative multi-omic profiling combined with functional testing in DSRCT reveals patient-specific vulnerabilities and biologically targetable receptor and DNA damage response dependencies, while defining immune states that may inform therapeutic response and rational combination strategies in this rare, fusion-driven cancer.},
}

@article {pmid42312971,
year = {2026},
author = {Pinto, N and Künkele, A and Albert, CM and Taylor, MR and Ullom, HB and Vitanza, NA and Wilson, AL and Cole, BL and Yeung, CCS and Wright, JH and Huang, W and Wendler, J and Seidel, K and Brown, C and Gustafson, J and Rawlings-Rhea, SD and Beebe, A and Mgebroff, S and Gardner, RA and Jensen, MC and Park, JR},
title = {The first-in-human ENCIT01 trial comparing second- versus third-generation L1CAM-specific CAR T cells in patients with primary refractory or relapsed neuroblastoma.},
journal = {Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-26-0009},
pmid = {42312971},
issn = {1557-3265},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Outcomes for children with relapsed and refractory neuroblastoma are dismal. ENCIT-01 (NCT02311621) was a first-in-human clinical trial for patients with relapsed and refractory neuroblastoma using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting L1CAM, an adhesion molecule that is overexpressed in neuroblastoma with limited normal tissue expression.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This trial evaluated three different CAR constructs: a short spacer second-generation 4-1BB CAR (2GS, Arm A), a short spacer third-generation 4-1BB+CD28 CAR (3GS, Arm B) and a long spacer second-generation 4-1BB CAR (2GL, Arm C).

RESULTS: Thirty-six patients were enrolled and 22 were treated (Arm A/2GS n=11, Arm B/3GS n=8 and Arm C/2GL n=3). Thirty-four of 36 patients had a CAR T cell product successfully manufactured. Cytokine release syndrome, skin rash and hyponatremia were common ≥ Grade 2 toxicities. Hyponatremia was dose-limiting in 3 patients (DL5 Arm A/2GS, DL3 Arm B/3GS and DL2 Arm C/2GL). Patterns of toxicity appeared at lower dose levels on Arm B and Arm C compared to Arm A, suggesting differential potency of the third generation and long spacer products. No objective responses were seen. Correlative analyses demonstrated CAR T cell presence in tumor and skin, with evidence of macrophage tumor infiltration.

CONCLUSIONS: While feasible to manufacture in a heavily pretreated population, L1CAM may not be an appropriate target in neuroblastoma. Additional engineering strategies may be needed to prevent toxicity and provide durable anti-tumor effects.},
}

@article {pmid42313095,
year = {2026},
author = {Ray, S and Singhvi, A},
title = {When neuroligin-2 sticks around, astrocytes take shape.},
journal = {The Journal of cell biology},
volume = {225},
number = {7},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1083/jcb.202606021},
pmid = {42313095},
issn = {1540-8140},
support = {//Esther A. & Joseph Klingenstein/ ; BRFSG-2023-10//Brain Research Foundation Seed/ ; NS114222//National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke/ ; },
mesh = {*Astrocytes/metabolism/cytology ; Animals ; *Neuroligins/metabolism ; Humans ; Ubiquitination ; },
abstract = {The complex structure of astrocytes allows for nervous system function; however, mechanisms underlying astrocyte morphogenesis remain unclear. Sakers et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202512111) find that astrocyte neuroligins (NLs) are functionally diverse, and intracellular ubiquitination of astrocyte NL2 by Nedd4l promotes astrocyte morphogenesis.},
}

*Astrocytes/metabolism/cytology
Animals
*Neuroligins/metabolism
Humans
Ubiquitination

@article {pmid42297975,
year = {2026},
author = {Matz, HC and Yu, TG and Dixit, K and Kikawa, C and Zhou, JQ and Pena Alzua, G and Peyton, L and Madsen, A and Han, F and Farrell, AG and Hoelzl, R and Schmitz, AJ and Horvath, SC and Keplinger, HK and Strnad, BS and Hoegger, MJ and Middleton, WD and Klebert, MK and Lin, NH and Nachbagauer, R and Krammer, F and Paris, R and Bloom, JD and Turner, JS and Presti, RM and Lee, J and Ellebedy, AH},
title = {mRNA-based influenza vaccine expands the B cell response breadth in humans.},
journal = {Nature immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42297975},
issn = {1529-2916},
support = {U01AI141990//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; U01AI144616//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; 75N93021C00014/CD/ODCDC CDC HHS/United States ; 75N93019C00051/CD/ODCDC CDC HHS/United States ; T32AI007172//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; T32AI083203//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; 75N93019C00051/CD/ODCDC CDC HHS/United States ; R01AI165821//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; 75N93021C00015/CD/ODCDC CDC HHS/United States ; T32CA009547//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; RS-2024-00411420//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; P20GM113132//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; P01AI089618//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)/ ; },
abstract = {Conventional influenza virus vaccines induce antibody responses of limited breadth. Whether mRNA-based influenza virus vaccines can induce a superior germinal center (GC) response in humans remains unclear. Here we assessed B cell responses in an observational study of cohorts of healthy young adults receiving a licensed, split-virion or investigative mRNA-based quadrivalent seasonal influenza virus vaccine over two consecutive seasons. mRNA-based vaccines consistently elicited higher antibody titers and frequencies of memory B cells. In the draining lymph nodes, mRNA vaccination stimulated sustained GC reactions that persisted for at least 26 weeks after vaccination in 5 of 13 participants across the two seasons. Proteomic analysis of serum IgG repertoire showed that mRNA vaccination increased the number of vaccine-elicited serum IgG clonotypes and promoted intraclonal expansion within pre-existing clonotypes. B cell lineage analyses further indicated that expanded serum clonotypes map to GC B cell-associated sub-branches, consistent with ongoing GC-driven evolution underlying intraclonal expansion. This repertoire remodeling was accompanied by increased binding breadth against antigenically divergent influenza viruses. These findings reveal a key role for persistent GC responses in broadening the repertoire of vaccine-induced antibodies.},
}

@article {pmid42297986,
year = {2026},
author = {Casem, K and Monaco-Cermak, S and Lin, A and DeRespiris, L and Dahi, P and Giralt, S and Gyurkocza, B and Jakubowski, A and Lin, R and Politikos, I and Shaffer, B and Tamari, R and Shah, G and Scordo, M},
title = {Daratumumab therapy for refractory immune cytopenias after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.},
journal = {Bone marrow transplantation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42297986},
issn = {1476-5365},
}

@article {pmid42300967,
year = {2026},
author = {Xiong, K and Li, R and Li, N and Liu, R and Narayan, A and Rhoades, J and Song, C and Lindsley, RC and Parsons, HA and Makrigiorgos, GM and Adalsteinsson, VA},
title = {MEDUSA: Maintaining Entire DNA Duplexes for Utmost Sequencing Accuracy.},
journal = {Clinical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/clinchem/hvag046},
pmid = {42300967},
issn = {1530-8561},
support = {2R01CA221874-04//Gerstner Family Foundation and National Institutes of Health National Cancer Institute/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Detection of low-level genetic variants is crucial for many applications in clinical care and research, yet can be hampered by inaccuracies in DNA sequencing. Duplex sequencing-based methods achieve unparalleled accuracy by requiring reads from both strands of the original DNA duplex to match. Yet, methods to prepare double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) for sequencing may resynthesize portions of each DNA duplex and cause base damage errors on one strand to become indistinguishable from true mutations on both strands.

METHODS: Here, we report MEDUSA (Maintaining Entire DNA Duplexes for Utmost Sequencing Accuracy), which minimizes dsDNA resynthesis to maximize duplex sequencing accuracy and yield. MEDUSA carefully repairs and blunts fragmented dsDNA, then employs apyrase to digest residual dNTPs, followed by restricted dA-tailing to prevent resynthesis. MEDUSA affords full genome coverage in a simplified protocol that is broadly compatible with dsDNA fragmentation and library preparation kits. We benchmarked MEDUSA on sheared genomic DNA derived from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue or blood cells, and cell-free DNA.

RESULTS: We found that MEDUSA measured a residual single-nucleotide variant frequency within a median 1.23-fold (range 0.92-1.88; P < 0.001) of what was expected if resynthesis was almost completely blocked, but with full genome coverage and duplex yields within a median 1.02-fold (range 0.33-1.46; P = 0.258) of traditional methods that do not limit resynthesis.

CONCLUSIONS: MEDUSA could enable high breadth or depth of duplex sequencing while limiting false mutation discovery.},
}

@article {pmid42302965,
year = {2026},
author = {Kaur, G and Logue, J and Brazauskas, R and Oloyede, T and Abid, MB and Ahmed, S and Aljurf, M and Banerjee, R and Bashey, A and Beitinjaneh, AM and Callander, NS and Castillo, P and Dholaria, B and Goldsmith, SR and Hashmi, S and Kharfan-Dabaja, MA and Liu, H and Mian, H and Nishihori, T and Rejeski, K and Saad, A and Slade, MJ and Turtle, CJ and Vogl, DT and Williams, KM and Wirk, B and Pasquini, MC and Moskop, A and Akhtar, OS and Hansen, DK and Janakiram, M},
title = {Prolonged Cytopenia After Idecabtagene Vicleucel for Multiple Myeloma is Associated with Poor Overall Survival.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.06.021},
pmid = {42302965},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cytopenias are well-recognized toxicities of idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel), a chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy approved for the treatment of relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). However, little is known of prognostic implications of cytopenias that persist 30 to 100 days after CAR-T infusion.

OBJECTIVE: We report the duration, incidence, and impact on outcomes of post-CAR-T cytopenias at Day 30 and Day 100, defined as an absolute neutrophil count of < 500 cells/mm[3] and/or platelet count < 20  ×  10[9] cells/L, per the recent definitions of immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity for neutropenia (N-ICAHT) and thrombocytopenia (T-ICAHT).

STUDY DESIGN: Using observational data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, we identified 821 patients treated during 2021-2023.

RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of cytopenias at Day 30 was 25% and at Day 100 was 2%. Patients with Day 30 cytopenias had inferior progression-free survival (PFS) (39% vs 45%, P= .01) and overall survival (OS) at 12 months (57% vs 76%, P< .01). While there was no significant difference in PFS in patients who had Day 100 cytopenias (42% vs 53%, P= .12), compared to those who did not, patients with Day 100 cytopenias had significantly inferior OS at 12 months (55% vs 82%, P< .01). High (≥ 2) CAR-HEMATOTOX score was associated with cytopenias at Day 30 (hazard ratio 5.26, P< .001).

CONCLUSION: Cytopenias at Day 30 after ide-cel were associated with inferior PFS and OS. In addition, cytopenias at Day 100 after ide-cel are rare and are associated with inferior OS.},
}

@article {pmid42303047,
year = {2026},
author = {Baraznenok, E and Hsieh, HC and Lan, L and Konnick, EQ and Figiel, S and Rao, SR and Woodcock, DJ and Mills, IG and Hamdy, F and Valk, JE and Carter, KT and Yu, M and Paulson, TG and Dintzis, S and Grady, WM and Liu, JTC},
title = {Assessing the Effects of a 3D Pathology Tissue-Processing Workflow on Downstream Molecular Analyses.},
journal = {Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106147},
doi = {10.1016/j.labinv.2026.106147},
pmid = {42303047},
issn = {1530-0307},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Non-destructive 3D pathology methods have emerged in recent years with the potential to enhance standard 2D histopathology by greatly increasing the amount of tissue sampled by imaging and by providing volumetric morphological context. Another key advantage is that tissues remain intact, allowing re-embedding after imaging for potential long-term storage and future histological or molecular analyses. Here, we aim to systematically evaluate the impact of 3D pathology protocols on biomolecules - including DNA, RNA, and proteins - and their compatibility with downstream assays.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We applied a previously optimized 3D pathology protocol - involving deparaffinization, fluorescent H&E-analog staining, optical clearing, and open-top light-sheet microscopy - to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens of breast, prostate, and head and neck cancer. Following the protocol, tissues were re-embedded in paraffin and compared with paired FFPE controls that did not undergo 3D pathology processing. DNA and RNA were extracted and subjected to quality assessments. Amplifiability was tested by PCR and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of housekeeping genes.

RESULTS: A slight decrease in the average yield and increased fragmentation of both DNA and RNA was observed in the 3D pathology processed group compared to the control, but PCR amplifiability was largely preserved. Sanger sequencing of the PCR products confirmed accurate sequence determinations, while total RNA sequencing indicated that the global transcriptomic profile was largely unchanged. IHC staining of common biomarkers produced comparable signals, suggesting preservation of those proteins after the 3D pathology workflow.

CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the basic feasibility of combining 3D pathology with downstream molecular analysis, justifying future work to further explore the integration of 3D pathology with diverse advanced molecular assays.},
}

@article {pmid42305039,
year = {2026},
author = {Smith, SD and Sundaram, S and Giri, S and Ness, A and Wang, Y and Gopal, AK and Pang, Y and Tatoian, ET and Grossfeld, T and Lynch, RC and Warren, EH and Nowakowski, GS and Park, SI},
title = {Outcomes From the Multicenter ACCRU-LY-1804/CARiBOU TRIAL (Cytarabine, Acalabrutinib and Rituximab Integrated With Bortezomib-Based Outpatient Therapy) in 1st Line Mantle Cell Lymphoma.},
journal = {American journal of hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ajh.70406},
pmid = {42305039},
issn = {1096-8652},
support = {//AstraZeneca/ ; },
abstract = {First-line therapy for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) represents a critical opportunity for clinical benefit via sustained complete response. We conducted a phase 2 multicenter trial in the academic and community cancer research united (ACCRU) network, testing a multitargeted 1st line regimen. CARiBOU (ACCRU-LY-1804) employs alternating VR-CAP and R-cytarabine with continuous acalabrutinib, in six 21-day cycles, for previously untreated MCL. The primary endpoint was complete metabolic response (CMR) rate. Secondary endpoints included safety, feasibility of stem cell collection, proportion proceeding to ASCT, and progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Peripheral blood measurable residual disease (MRD) was tested using the ClonoSEQ assay (Adaptive Biotechnologies). Of 41 patients enrolled, 39 (95%) responded to therapy, including 37 patients achieving CMR (90%). Two nonresponders discontinued therapy for toxicity early, prior to study-defined restaging, and received alternate therapy. Undetectable MRD at a 10[6] threshold was achieved in 26/33 tested patients (79%), and 94% at 10[5]. 18-month estimated PFS is 79% (95% CI 64%-97%), and OS is 96% (95% CI 88%-100%). Toxicities were primarily hematologic (grade 3 hematologic AE in 32 patients, [78%]). Twelve required platelet transfusions, and one grade 3 bleeding event occurred. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 4 patients, and 6 (14%) experienced SAEs. There were no treatment-related deaths. CARiBOU is an efficient, highly effective outpatient 1st line MCL regimen, employing intermediate-dose cytarabine and continuous acalabrutinib for 6 cycles. This multitargeted regimen addresses the biologic heterogeneity of MCL and permits flexible MRD-guided decisions on consolidation and maintenance. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04626791.},
}

@article {pmid42306077,
year = {2026},
author = {Reeves, BN and El Chaer, F and Foltz, L and Tashi, T and Abu-Zeinah, G and Qin, A and Lucas, J and Halpern, AB and Maze, D and Safah, H and O'Connell, CL and Goel, S and Rein, L and Fang, B and How, J and Babu, S and Li, Z and Cerquozzi, S and Oh, ST and Hunter, AM and Podoltsev, N and Vachhani, P and Cunningham, JM and Hillis, C and Bose, P and Yacoub, A and Mascarenhas, J and Zagrijtschuk, O and Castro, H and Mesa, RA and Masarova, L},
title = {Ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft treatment in essential thrombocythemia across different driver mutations: results from a North American, single-arm, multicentre study (EXCEED-ET).},
journal = {Lancet regional health. Americas},
volume = {61},
number = {},
pages = {101529},
pmid = {42306077},
issn = {2667-193X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft (ropeg), a mono-PEGylated interferon-α, showed efficacy and safety in patients with hydroxyurea-intolerant/resistant essential thrombocythemia (ET) in the phase 3 SURPASS-ET largely conducted in Asia. Here we report the results from the EXCEED-ET study, which evaluated ropeg in both treatment-naïve and hydroxyurea pre-treated ET in North America.

METHODS: The single-arm, multicentre, phase 2b trial EXCEED-ET was conducted at 28 centers in the United States and Canada. Patients with ET enrolled were required to have a platelet count >450 × 10[9]/L at screening. Patients were eligible regardless of prior cytoreductive therapy status and included both treatment-naïve and hydroxyurea-pretreated patients. Ropeg was subcutaneously administered in an accelerated titration schedule at 250 μg at Week 0, 350 μg at Week 2, and 500 μg from Week 4 and beyond. The primary endpoint was durable, modified European LeukemiaNet (ELN) response at both Months 10 and 13 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05482971).

FINDINGS: Between January 17, 2023, and May 15, 2025, 106 patients were screened and 91 were enrolled. At baseline, participant median age was 57 years (range, 22-84) with 57/91 (62.6%) being female and 71/91 (78.0%) being White. Among 91 patients enrolled, durable modified ELN response rate was 60.2% (95% CI, 49.0-71.4). The median time to hematologic response was only 8.4 weeks (95% CI: 8.1-11.9). Splenomegaly and symptom improvement or non progression occurred in 90/91 (98.9%) and 71/91 (78.0%), respectively. Seven of 91 (7.7%) patients with palpable spleen at baseline and all had an improvement in disease-related signs. The rates of molecular response for driver mutations at Month 13 as defined by ELN2009 criteria were 35.0% (7/20) for patients with JAK2V617F, 16.0% (4/25) for CALR, and 25.0% (2/8) for MPL mutations. One (1/1) TP53 mutation-positive patient showed a complete molecular response. Thrombosis and progression occurred in 3.4% (3/91) and 1.1% (1/91), respectively. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild, including fatigue (60%) and reversible transaminase elevations (58%). There was no grade 5 TEAE and one (1.1%) grade 4 TEAE (hepatitis toxic) which recovered without sequelae. Grade ≥3 TEAEs occurred in 27.5% (25/91) of the participants, most commonly with alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase increases (4.4%; 4/91), neutrophil count decrease (4.4%; 4/91), fatigue (3.3%; 3/91) and lymphocyte count decrease (3.3%; 3/91). Treatment-related serious adverse events occurred in 5.5% (5/91) of patients. Pneumonia was the most common SAE, occurring in 2/91 (2.2%) patients. Ropeg-related discontinuations occurred in 9/91 (9.9%) patients.

INTERPRETATION: Ropeg showed efficacy and substantial molecular responses with good overall tolerability across a broad ET population.

FUNDING: PharmaEssentia.},
}

@article {pmid42294596,
year = {2026},
author = {Thomas, CE and Wesselink, E and Takashima, Y and Huyghe, JR and Buchanan, DD and Grant, RC and Costa, AD and Ugai, T and Ogino, S and Nowak, JA and Peters, U and Phipps, AI and Hsu, L},
title = {Evaluating statistical models for overdispersed multi-omics data: a multiplex immunofluorescence case study.},
journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/aje/kwag127},
pmid = {42294596},
issn = {1476-6256},
abstract = {Multi-omic data analysis poses statistical challenges. We evaluated statistical models for our multiplex immunofluorescence study of T cell subset densities in colorectal cancer. Using 1235 cases, we compared seven models- ordinal logistic regression, Poisson, quasi-Poisson, quadratic negative binomial (NB), linear NB, zero-inflated NB (ZINB) and hurdle NB models- assessing associations with a strong (microsatellite instability, MSI) and a weak (calcium intake) exposure. Simulation studies assessed type I error and power. Effect estimates were generally consistent for the strong exposure (MSI) but varied for the weaker exposure (calcium). Simulations revealed inflated false-positive rates for the Poisson and NB-based models, including quadratic NB, zero-inflated and hurdle, but not for ordinal logistic regression or the linear NB model. The quasi-Poisson model showed modest inflation of low p-values, but the overall p-value distribution remained approximately uniform under the null. Ordinal logistic, linear NB, and quasi-Poisson models achieved the best or near-best power across a range of zero proportions, dispersion levels, and distributions. The ordinal logistic, linear NB, and quasi-Poisson models are useful and robust options for epidemiologic analyses of overdispersed, right-skewed multi-omic data with a nontrivial proportion of zero counts.},
}

@article {pmid42294841,
year = {2026},
author = {Mina, R and Beksac, M and Rodríguez-Otero, P and Chen, W and Mateos, MV and Li, J and Moreau, P and Cohen, YC and Min, CK and Jelinek, T and Ye, JC and Magen, H and Rubinstein, SM and Fu, W and Hungria, V and Cengiz Seval, G and Farias, JS and Radocha, J and Maral, S and Turgut, M and Koh, Y and O'Leary, D and Schmidt Filho, J and Thertulien, R and An, G and Huang, SY and Grosicki, S and Tyczyńska, A and Banerjee, R and Pianko, MJ and Martínez-López, J and Steckiewicz, P and Maruyama, D and Fukushima, K and Oriol, A and Lopez Pardo, J and Goldschmidt, H and Pawlyn, C and Perrot, A and Zamagni, E and Dimopoulos, MA and Rasche, L and Tolbert, J and Terry, W and Courtoux, C and Liu, X and Vasey, SY and Connors, K and Festa, M and Heuck, C and Langlois, A and O'Rourke, L and Zhou, J and Qin, X and Lu, J and Gong, J and Vieyra, D and Voorhees, PM and , },
title = {Talquetamab-Daratumumab in Relapsed or Refractory Myeloma.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa2604657},
pmid = {42294841},
issn = {1533-4406},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Talquetamab, a bispecific antibody targeting GPRC5D and CD3, has led to durable responses in patients with heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in phase 1-2 trials, with a limited effect on normal B cells.

METHODS: In a phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had previously received at least one line of therapy to receive talquetamab plus daratumumab and pomalidomide (Tal-DP), talquetamab plus daratumumab (Tal-D), or daratumumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone (DPd). The primary end point was progression-free survival as assessed by an independent review committee. Key secondary end points were overall response, complete response or better (complete or stringent complete response), measurable residual disease-negative complete response, and overall survival.

RESULTS: A total of 287, 287, and 290 patients were assigned to the Tal-DP, Tal-D, and DPd groups, respectively. At the interim analysis (median follow-up, 24.6 months), progression-free survival was significantly longer with Tal-DP and Tal-D than with DPd (24-month estimate, 81.3% and 77.6% vs. 51.2%; hazard ratio for disease progression or death, Tal-DP vs. DPd, 0.28 [95% confidence interval {CI},
0.20 to 0.40], and Tal-D vs. DPd, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.46]; P<0.001 for both comparisons). The overall response was higher with Tal-DP and Tal-D than with DPd (88.2% and 88.5% vs. 77.6%), as was complete response or better (71.1% and 69.0% vs. 34.5%) and measurable residual disease-negative complete response (52.3% and 46.3% vs. 15.9%) (P<0.001 for all comparisons). Overall survival at 24 months was 89.2% with Tal-DP, 87.9% with Tal-D, and 79.1% with DPd (hazard ratio for death, Tal-DP vs. DPd, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.30 to 0.73], and Tal-D vs. DPd, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.33 to 0.78]). Serious adverse events occurred in 63.0%, 52.6%, and 53.7% of the patients in the Tal-DP, Tal-D, and DPd groups, respectively; fatal adverse events occurred in 1.8%, 4.0%, and 4.6%.

CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who had previously received at least one line of therapy, both Tal-DP and Tal-D led to significantly longer progression-free survival than DPd. (Funded by Johnson & Johnson; MonumenTAL-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05455320.).},
}

@article {pmid42296457,
year = {2026},
author = {Barac, A and Guha, A and Fleming, TR and Bonaca, M and Thavendiranathan, P and Deswal, A and Amiri-Kordestani, L and Bhatnagar, V and Cordoba, R and Hurvitz, S and Adjei, AA and Agarwal, N and , },
title = {Defining Cardiovascular Endpoints in Oncology Trials: Challenges and Opportunities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.},
journal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {JCO2501647},
doi = {10.1200/JCO-25-01647},
pmid = {42296457},
issn = {1527-7755},
abstract = {The unprecedented expansion of approved oncology therapies has prolonged survival and transformed the prognosis for many patients diagnosed with cancer. However, cancer treatments may be associated with cardiovascular toxicities that manifest through vascular, myocardial, or metabolic pathways, potentially limiting the use of cancer therapeutics and adversely affecting outcomes. Oncology clinical trials provide an important opportunity to evaluate cardiovascular safety signals by generating data on the incidence, timing, and spectrum of toxicities. However, progress has been limited by inconsistent definitions and variable approaches to event characterization. This scientific statement aligns the advances in cardiovascular medicine and cardiovascular clinical trials to provide criteria for systematic selection, rigorous characterization, and adjudication of cardiovascular endpoints in contemporary oncology trials. The proposed framework links drug-specific mechanisms to endpoint selection and standardizes the approach to definitions of adverse cardiovascular events, including heart failure, arrhythmias, myocarditis, and thrombotic events. Definitions of major adverse cardiac events, clinical events, and surrogate endpoints are discussed, along with strategies for alignment with the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events and patient-reported outcomes. Practical guidance is provided for prospective surveillance, decentralized and hybrid clinical trial designs, independent endpoint adjudication, and statistical approaches to competing risks and late-emerging toxicities. By harmonizing cardiovascular endpoint assessment across oncology trials, this scientific statement aims to enhance risk stratification, facilitate regulatory acceptance, and inform clinical decision making, ultimately improving patient safety while supporting innovation in cancer therapeutics.},
}

@article {pmid42145593,
year = {2026},
author = {Yeh, CH and Walsh, SR and Parsons, R and Zhang, E and Thakur, B and Song, K and Van Ltallie, E and Clark, M and Williams, W and Edwards, RJ and Hahn, WO and Song, S and Lin, L and Huang, HI and Lugo, J and Quan, A and Xue, Y and Chen, Y and Tuck, R and Mansouri, K and Spence, T and Laukaitis, H and Parks, R and Barr, M and Schweer, E and Levering, N and Eaton, A and Shen, S and Janowska, K and Johnson, G and Wang, P and Cain, D and Arus-Altuz, A and Donahue, E and Kirshner, HF and Zhbannikov, I and Berry, M and Venkatayogi, S and Martin Beem, JS and Hyrien, O and Yu, PC and Parks, R and Polakowski, LL and Tindale, I and Yurdadon, C and Burnham, R and Andriesen, J and Wage, K and Seaman, MS and Montefiori, D and Kelsoe, G and Wiehe, K and Saunders, KO and McElrath, MJ and Corey, L and Mayer, K and Acharya, P and Baden, L and Haynes, BF},
title = {Induction of multiple HIV-1 neutralizing B Cell Precursors in Humans.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42145593},
abstract = {Induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) remains a central goal of HIV vaccine development. In the HVTN300 clinical trial (NCT04915768), we evaluated an HIV CH505 transmitted/founder (TF) envelope trimer designed to prime naïve B cell precursors of the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) class of bnAbs that use a CDRH3-dominated binding mode. Autologous tier 2 serum neutralizing activity was detected in 9 of 11 vaccinees, and neutralizing B cells were isolated from all participants. CD4bs-directed, CDRH3-binder bnAb precursors were identified in 8 of 11 vaccinees (73%), including one lineage with nascent heterologous breadth that neutralized 6% of global HIV isolates. Cryo-EM structures confirmed CD4bs CDRH3-binder modes of engagement and additionally revealed vaccine-induced V1/V3-directed antibodies and a neutralizing lineage targeting the gp120/gp41 interface. Together, these results demonstrate that the CH505 TF trimer primes a diverse, polyclonal neutralizing B cell repertoire in humans, providing multiple entry points for sequential boosting strategies to achieve HIV bnAb breadth.},
}

@article {pmid42239153,
year = {2026},
author = {Wu, W and Greene, JE and Ahmad, K and Henikoff, S},
title = {KAS-CUT&Tag for direct mapping of transcription bubbles.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42239153},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Transcription by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) generates dynamic transcription bubbles as it moves forward, but existing methods map transcriptional activity in vivo only indirectly. We introduce KAS-CUT&Tag, a method that combines N3-kethoxal labeling of exposed guanines with CUT&Tag to directly map transcription bubbles. We find that bubble density varies across Pol II-bound genes at transcription start sites, gene bodies, and termination sites. Transcription bubbles are enriched at genes marked by the H3K36me3 histone modification and chromatin-bound splicing factor U2AF2, but the highest enrichment is at replication-coupled histone genes throughout the cell cycle. KAS-CUT&Tag also detects colocalization of the histone gene transcription factor NPAT with Pol II at the Histone Locus Body, suggesting NPAT is juxtaposed to transcription bubbles via interaction with Pol II. Together, KAS-CUT&Tag enables direct mapping of Pol II and regulatory interactions at transcription bubbles, providing a powerful tool for precise analysis of transcriptional activity.},
}

@article {pmid42239335,
year = {2026},
author = {Kishishita, A and Cismoski, S and Grant, T and Deo, R and Prudhvi, S and Sue, C and Barpanda, A and Yu, C and Shenoy, S and Berman, S and Reeves, AG and Li, H and Liu, T and Naik, A and Biswas, D and Jiao, F and He, Y and Hancock, M and Dalal, R and Zalevsky, A and Hoopmann, MR and Ye, CJ and Viner, R and Feng, F and Mandal, K and Moritz, RL and Riesco, IE and Sali, A and Wells, JA and Srivastava, S and Huang, L and Wiita, AP},
title = {Extending structural surfaceomics to identify aberrant conformations of tumor surface proteins as potential immunotherapy targets.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42239335},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {The complement of tumor cell surface proteins, or "surfaceome", is a rich source of potential immunotherapy targets. To move beyond expression-based target discovery, we previously described "structural surfaceomics," combining crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) with surface protein biotinylation to identify conformation-selective targets. In our prior work, we applied this method to a single model of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), identifying active integrin beta-2 as a promising target. Here, we expand structural surfaceomics to identify additional immunotherapy targets and surface protein biology across additional models of AML, multiple myeloma, and prostate cancer, as well as donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Utilizing these models and different chemical crosslinkers, we compile an extensive database of 5,209 crosslinks. We characterize both shared and unique crosslink-based features, identifying 1,612 disease model-specific crosslinks, including 212 potentially defining tumor-specific conformations based on distance constraint violations relative to AlphaFold predictions. We further implement a suite of emerging modeling tools to predict tumor-specific protein structures. We probe crosslinking patterns suggesting multiple myeloma-specific CD48 and AML-specific integrin α1/β4 heterodimer conformations. This work establishes a resource for cancer structural biology by implementation of structural surfaceomics. Our findings also point toward more realistic protein design models, potentially enabling systematic detection of targetable cancer-specific epitopes for next-generation immunotherapies.},
}

@article {pmid42279418,
year = {2026},
author = {Sujichantararat, S and Biswas, D and Kazerouni, AS and Tsang, ED and Sathe, A and Hippe, DS and Park, VY and Chung, M and Specht, JM and Dintzis, SM and Rahbar, H and Holmes, JH and Huang, W and Partridge, SC},
title = {Deep Learning-Based Synthetic Contrast-Enhanced Breast MRI for Monitoring Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {18},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {42279418},
issn = {2072-6694},
support = {1R01CA248192-04/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; 1R01CA190299-05/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Contrast-enhanced (CE) breast MRI is highly sensitive for evaluating breast cancer extent and response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) but requires intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA), increasing cost, time, patient discomfort, and health concerns. This study explored the feasibility of reducing GBCA use in treatment monitoring using a deep learning (DL) model to synthesize CE-MRI from non-contrast MRI. Methods: This IRB-approved retrospective pilot study evaluated women with breast cancer enrolled in an ongoing trial using serial MRI to monitor NAT prior to surgery. A pre-trained DL model was used to synthesize CE-MRI from T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted MRI. Changes in tumor volume at early (post-1-cycle NAT) and mid-treatment were measured on synthetic and acquired CE-MRI. Performance for predicting residual cancer burden (RCB) class 0/1 was evaluated using AUC and compared with DeLong's test. Results: 27 women were included in the study (median age, 47 years [range = 28-75]); 14 (52%) achieved RCB class 0 and six (22%) achieved class 1. Synthetic CE-MRI-derived tumor volumes showed strong correlation with those from acquired CE-MRI at pre-treatment (ρ = 0.92, p < 0.001) and early treatment (ρ = 0.83, p < 0.001), but lower agreement at mid-treatment (ρ = 0.57, p = 0.002). Change in tumor volume on synthetic CE-MRI was numerically similar to acquired CE-MRI for predicting RCB class 0/1 vs. 2/3 at both early (AUC = 0.84 vs. 0.86, p = 0.83) and mid-treatment (AUC = 0.73 vs. 0.75, p = 0.80). Conclusions: Synthetic CE-MRI demonstrates preliminary feasibility as a non-contrast surrogate for predicting favorable outcomes (RCB class 0/1) in this pilot study, but inconsistencies in tumor volume measurement vs. acquired CE-MRI warrant further model refinement and validation.},
}

@article {pmid42280448,
year = {2026},
author = {Bodenrader, A and Sotres-Alvarez, D and Dao, MC and Scott, TM and Aytur, SA and Noel, SE and Qi, Q and Gallo, LC and Daviglus, M and Tarraf, W and Kaplan, R and Bigornia, SJ},
title = {Dairy Products Are Not Adversely Associated with Depressive Symptoms over 6 Years in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {18},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {42280448},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {HHSN268201300001I/N01-HC-65233//National Heart Lung and Blood Institute/ ; HHSN268201300004I/N01-HC-65234//National Heart Lung and Blood Institute/ ; HHSN268201300003I/ N01-HC-65236 Northwestern Univ//National Heart Lung and Blood Institute/ ; HHSN268201300005I/N01-HC-65237//National Heart Lung and Blood Institute/ ; Grant Numbers not applicable//National Dairy Council/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Dairy Products/adverse effects ; *Hispanic or Latino/psychology ; Female ; Male ; *Depression/ethnology/epidemiology/etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; *Diet ; United States/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Current evidence suggests that Hispanic/Latino adults experience a disproportionate burden of depression. Dairy consumption has been associated with fewer depressive symptoms, but examinations in Hispanic/Latino cohorts are unavailable. Our objective was to measure the 6-year prospective associations between dairy consumption and depressive symptoms among Hispanic/Latino adults. Methods: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a prospective population-based cohort study of 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults residing in the US. We estimated daily dairy product consumption from two 24 h baseline dietary recalls using the National Cancer Institute method. The 10-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD10) administered at baseline and follow-up assessed depressive symptoms. Survey multiple linear regression models adjusted for baseline CESD10 and other covariates, including sociodemographic, dietary and health factors. Standardized β coefficients represent the standard deviation difference in 6-year CESD10 score per one standard deviation increase in daily dairy intake at baseline. Complete data were available among 10,618 participants. Results: Neither baseline total dairy consumption (standardized β (95% CI); -0.019 (-0.048, 0.011)), nor milk (-0.006 (-0.029, 0.018)), cheese (0.038 (-0.006, 0.081)), or cream (-0.005 (-0.037, 0.028), p > 0.05 for all) consumption was significantly associated with the follow-up CESD10 score. Conversely, we observed a significant and inverse association between yogurt (-0.036 (-0.058, -0.013), p = 0.002) and butter (-0.049 (-0.092, -0.006), p = 0.027) with the CESD10 score. Conclusions: Total dairy, fat-based dairy groupings, milk, cheese, and cream were not associated with CESD10 score at 6-year follow-up; yogurt and butter showed inverse associations that require cautious interpretation due to very small effect sizes. Although additional prospective analyses in other diverse cohorts are needed to confirm these results, our findings suggest that dairy consumption is not adversely associated with depressive symptoms in Hispanic/Latino adults.},
}

Humans
*Dairy Products/adverse effects
*Hispanic or Latino/psychology
Female
Male
*Depression/ethnology/epidemiology/etiology
Prospective Studies
Adult
Middle Aged
*Diet
United States/epidemiology

@article {pmid42281185,
year = {2026},
author = {Gray, SL and Piccorelli, AV and Hart, LA and Cook, AJ and Williamson, BD and Balderson, BH and Phelan, EA},
title = {Substitution Patterns After Discontinuation of CNS-Active Medications in Older Adults in Primary Care.},
journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jgs.70514},
pmid = {42281185},
issn = {1532-5415},
support = {U01CE002967/CC/CDC HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Little is known about substitution of alternative medications in the context of deprescribing. The objectives were to: (1) determine the frequency of medication substitutions among those who discontinued a central nervous system (CNS)-active medication, and (2) characterize substitutions as potentially inappropriate (as per the 2023 Beers Criteria) versus not.

METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis that combined data from the intervention and usual care arms from the STOP-FALLS deprescribing trial that tested a health-system-embedded intervention designed to reduce prescription of CNS-active medications. This analysis focused on participants followed for 360 days following baseline with chronic use of opioids, benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, skeletal muscle relaxants, or Z-drugs. Discontinuation was defined as the first date when there was no evidence of a prescription fill for 90 days, thus only participants with a discontinuation that occurred in the first 270 days were included. A list of likely alternative treatments was developed for each target medication. A substitution was operationalized as a new alternative medication prescribed during the 30 days prior to or 60 days after discontinuation of a target medication.

RESULTS: The study sample included 2182 individuals (average age 70.5 years, 63.1% female). At baseline, a total of 2415 target medications were prescribed, of which 442 (18.3%) were discontinued. Discontinuation rates varied from 122 (8.0%) for users of opioids to 86 (49.7%) for users of skeletal muscle relaxants. Substitutions were made for 42 (9.5%) drug discontinuations. Of these substitutions, 11 of 42 (26.2%) were to a potentially inappropriate medication: tricyclic antidepressants (n = 5), benzodiazepines (n = 3) and hydroxyzine (n = 3). Other common substitutions included gabapentin, selective serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and trazodone.

DISCUSSION: Of medication discontinuations with a substitution, one-quarter were to at least one potentially inappropriate medication. This finding highlights the need for additional guidance for prescribers to ensure safe deprescribing of CNS-active medications.},
}

@article {pmid42284622,
year = {2026},
author = {Aragon-Ching, JB and Gupta, S and Grivas, P and Park, SH and Petrylak, DP and Sridhar, SS and Gurney, H and Jacob, N and Tyroller, K and Hoffman, J and Bellmunt, J},
title = {Avelumab first-line maintenance for advanced urothelial carcinoma: long-term outcomes from the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial in patients with high body mass index or diabetes mellitus.},
journal = {ESMO open},
volume = {11},
number = {7},
pages = {107776},
doi = {10.1016/j.esmoop.2026.107776},
pmid = {42284622},
issn = {2059-7029},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Avelumab first-line maintenance is the recommended treatment option for patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) without progression following platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC), based on the phase III JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial. High body mass index (BMI; ≥30 kg/m[2]) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are risk factors for bladder cancer. We report exploratory analyses from JAVELIN Bladder 100 in patients with high BMI or documented controlled DM at the time of random assignment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: JAVELIN Bladder 100 enrolled patients with advanced UC without progression after first-line PBC, who were randomly assigned to receive avelumab plus best supportive care (BSC; n = 350) or BSC alone (n = 350). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) from the time of random assignment.

RESULTS: Overall, 122 patients (17.4%) had high BMI and 114 (16.3%) had DM. After a median follow-up of ≥38 months in both arms, hazard ratios for OS with avelumab plus BSC versus BSC alone were 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-1.21] in patients with high BMI and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.37-0.95) in patients with DM. Long-term safety of avelumab maintenance in these subgroups was generally consistent with that of the overall population.

CONCLUSIONS: Exploratory analyses support the use of avelumab first-line maintenance in patients with advanced UC without progression following PBC, including those with high BMI or DM.},
}

@article {pmid42286308,
year = {2026},
author = {Rogers, JR and Ward, ZJ and Stratton, KL and Leisenring, WM and Taylor, CS and Armstrong, GT and Chow, EJ and Feraco, AM and Howell, RM and Hudson, MM and McMahon, M and Morton, LM and Oeffinger, KC and Smith, SA and Diller, L and Yeh, JM},
title = {Modeling long-term mortality and morbidity in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma survivors after reduced radiotherapy exposure.},
journal = {Journal of the National Cancer Institute},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jnci/djag186},
pmid = {42286308},
issn = {1460-2105},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Long-term survivors of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma are at risk of late treatment-related mortality, cancer, and heart disease. While modified treatments have reduced radiation exposure, long-term risks in late adulthood are unknown.

METHODS: Using a simulation model based on data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and national databases, we projected overall survival and cumulative incidence of breast cancer and heart failure for 5-year survivors treated with extended-field RT, chest RT ≥ 35 Gy, chest RT < 35 Gy, or chemotherapy only. Estimates were compared with general population individuals who faced only age-related risks. We report the mean and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) among 1000 iterations.

RESULTS: At age 65, projected overall survival ranged from 24.7% (95% UI, 17.7 to 32.5) after extended-field RT to 71.8% (44.9 to 81.8) after chemotherapy only, compared with 86.4% (83.8 to 88.8) in the general population. Cumulative breast cancer incidence among female survivors was 61.1% for extended-field RT, 59.7% for chest RT ≥ 35 Gy, 49.8% for chest RT < 35 Gy, and 17.9% for chemotherapy only, respectively, versus 6.1% in the general population. Heart failure risks among all survivors were 34.8%, 33.4%, 28.4%, and 16.0, respectively, versus 4.3%. Across all subgroups, breast cancer and heart failure were projected to occur 16.1-31.7 and 21.0-25.9 years earlier, respectively, relative to general population risks at age 65.

CONCLUSIONS: Although historical reductions in RT dose and field have substantially improved long-term survival, survivors treated with lower-dose or chemotherapy alone remain at markedly elevated risk for early-onset breast cancer and heart failure.},
}

@article {pmid42286829,
year = {2026},
author = {Mage, PL and Konecny, AJ and Mair, F},
title = {Measurement and Prediction of Unmixing-Dependent Spreading due to Collinearity in Spectral Flow Cytometry.},
journal = {Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/cyto.a.70044},
pmid = {42286829},
issn = {1552-4930},
abstract = {Advances in spectral cytometry instrumentation and fluorescent reagents have led to the possibility of ultra-high-parameter panels exceeding 50 colors. However, panel size is limited in practice by unmixing-dependent spreading (UDS), a phenomenon which leads to a progressive deterioration of unmixed signal-to-noise ratios in panels that contain fluorochrome combinations with significant spectral overlap. So far, choosing spectrally compatible sets of fluorochromes that avoid UDS has been a complex and labor-intensive task involving substantial trial-and-error experimentation. Here, we provide a detailed explanation of UDS and practical strategies for handling UDS in large spectral panels. We describe the empirical hallmarks of UDS, demonstrate how to quantify its impact, and dissect its underlying mathematical cause in terms of spectral collinearity. We present practical tools derived from the regression literature that can be used to select optimal combinations of fluorochromes in a platform-agnostic fashion based on publicly available reference data, providing a general tool for spectral panel design.},
}

@article {pmid42288368,
year = {2026},
author = {Fogh, SE and Greenlee, H and Langley, B and Gillespie, EF and Wonders, KY and Marshall, N},
title = {Exercise in Oncology Patients: A Call for Strategies to Address the Critical Gap Between Evidence-Based Recommendations and Implementation.},
journal = {Seminars in radiation oncology},
volume = {38},
number = {},
pages = {151025},
doi = {10.1016/j.semradonc.2026.151025},
pmid = {42288368},
issn = {1532-9461},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/therapy ; Quality of Life ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; *Exercise ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; },
abstract = {Physical activity has demonstrated positive impact on cancer outcomes, including survival and quality of life, in patients throughout the trajectory of cancer treatment. Government and leading health organizations have included exercise among cancer-prevention guidelines based on substantial evidence demonstrating clear benefits, including reductions in treatment-related side effects, higher chemotherapy completion rates, improved physical fitness and functionality, and increases in health-related quality of life. Despite clear consensus-based recommendations, a gap exists between what is known to benefit patients with cancer and the implementation of an intervention which has consistently demonstrated a positive impact on patient outcomes. It is critical to develop customized programming, reimbursement and thoughtful strategies that consider both patient and provider barriers to implementing exercise as part of cancer treatment.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/therapy
Quality of Life
Evidence-Based Medicine
*Exercise
*Exercise Therapy/methods
Practice Guidelines as Topic

@article {pmid42288371,
year = {2026},
author = {Astaphan, DJ and Blanco, MM and Riviere, P and Fogh, SE and Greenlee, H and Gillespie, EF},
title = {Clinical Trials of Integrative Oncology Interventions for Radiation Therapy: Emerging Evidence and Opportunities.},
journal = {Seminars in radiation oncology},
volume = {38},
number = {},
pages = {151045},
doi = {10.1016/j.semradonc.2026.151045},
pmid = {42288371},
issn = {1532-9461},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/radiotherapy/psychology ; *Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Integrative Oncology/methods ; Quality of Life ; *Radiotherapy/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Integrative oncology interventions for patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) may relieve symptoms (including procedural anxiety) and improve quality of life, though gaps remain in the evidence base to adequately guide implementation efforts. In this article we review clinical trials specifically for psychological (ie, mindfulness), physical (ie, exercise, acupuncture), and combination approaches (ie, yoga, tai chi, and qigong), in which several symptom-based clinical outcomes are impacted (ie, fatigue, sleep disturbance, pain, mood, and xerostomia). We identified at least 90 clinical trials and 15 systematic reviews and meta-analyses related to this topic, but note the predominance of early-phase investigations and some heterogeneity in study findings. We also assess opportunities across the radiation treatment continuum, noting most interventions were targeted during active radiation treatment. Future research ought to leverage novel hybrid study designs and multi-center community-based clinical settings (including cooperative groups) to confirm effectiveness and generalizability of findings of existing earlier phase clinical trials. Meanwhile, opportunities to improve clinical trial efficiency such as integrating advanced practice providers and patient-reported outcomes in routine care should be considered. As a field with procedural elements, established symptom trajectories, and often daily patient engagement, radiation oncology is poised to develop and implement interventions that advance symptom science and clinical outcomes for patients with cancer.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/radiotherapy/psychology
*Clinical Trials as Topic
*Integrative Oncology/methods
Quality of Life
*Radiotherapy/adverse effects

@article {pmid42288686,
year = {2026},
author = {Lange, JM and Ahmad, I and Dengos, IJ and Ryan, A and Apostolidou, S and Gentry-Maharaj, A and Holloway, S and Ryser, MD and Menon, U and Etzioni, R},
title = {Can ovarian cancer screening work? A secondary analysis of the UK collaborative trial of ovarian cancer screening.},
journal = {British journal of cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42288686},
issn = {1532-1827},
support = {NIHR HTA grant 16/46/01//DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)/ ; NIHR HTA grant 16/46/01//DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)/ ; NIHR HTA grant 16/46/01//DH | National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)/ ; C1479/A2884//Cancer Research UK (CRUK)/ ; C1479/A2884//Cancer Research UK (CRUK)/ ; C1479/A2884//Cancer Research UK (CRUK)/ ; G9901012 and G0801228//RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)/ ; G9901012 and G0801228//RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)/ ; G9901012 and G0801228//RCUK | Medical Research Council (MRC)/ ; R35CA274442//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R35CA274442//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R35CA274442//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS; 2001-2020) showed no reduction in disease mortality in its primary intervention arm using multimodal screening (MMS) with longitudinal Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) and transvaginal ultrasound. Whether this null result reflects the stop-screen design, screening performance, or ovarian cancer natural history remains unclear.

METHODS: Using individual-level screening and diagnosis data from the MMS arm, we estimated ovarian cancer natural history, focusing on high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), the most common and lethal subtype. We then simulated trial outcomes under (1) continued screening beyond the trial screening interval and (2) high sensitivity for early-stage detection over an extended time period.

RESULTS: The estimated window for detecting early-stage HGSC under MMS was <6 months. Continued screening yielded at most a 15% relative mortality reduction. Achieving a ≥20% mortality reduction required extending the detectable early-stage window to 1 year and attaining ≥70% sensitivity during this period.

CONCLUSION: Current screening modalities offer a very limited opportunity to intercept HGSC at an early stage. Clinically effective ovarian cancer screening will require first- and second-line tests capable of detecting HGSC substantially earlier in its natural history.},
}

@article {pmid42292132,
year = {2026},
author = {Cassidy, T and Belluccini, G and Iyaniwura, SA and Ribeiro, RM and Perelson, AS},
title = {INHERITANCE OF INTRACELLULAR VIRAL RNA IN A MULTISCALE MODEL OF HEPATITIS C INFECTION.},
journal = {SIAM journal on applied mathematics},
volume = {86},
number = {3},
pages = {791-813},
pmid = {42292132},
issn = {0036-1399},
abstract = {Multiscale mathematical models of hepatitis C infection have been instrumental in our understanding of direct acting antivirals. These models include the mechanisms driving intracellular viral production and explicitly model the intracellular concentration of viral RNA. However, incorporating proliferation of infected hepatocytes in these models can be subtle, as infected daughter cells inherit viral RNA from the proliferating mother cell. Here, we show how to incorporate this inheritance within a multiscale model of HCV infection. As in typical multiscale models of HCV infection, we show that this model is mathematically equivalent to a system of ordinary differential equations and perform bifurcation analysis of the resulting ODE that demonstrates that proliferation of infected hepatocytes can lead to infection persistence even if the basic reproductive number is less than one.},
}

@article {pmid42294510,
year = {2026},
author = {Blackmore, SJ and Gala, N and Fraser-Purdy, H and Moore, IC and Olaogun, D and Ovtsyn, D and Allick, C and Arola, K and Aspin, C and Burack, JA and Garneau, AB and Campbell, ANC and Efimoff, I and Fetter, AK and Gone, JP and Greenfield, BL and Iyer, SN and Kirmayer, L and Kropp, FB and Melro, C and Nelson, LA and O'Connor, RM and Paul, J and Phillips, M and Pride, T and Skewes, MC and Stoor, JPA and Tremblay, MC and Ullrich, JS and Walls, ML and Warne, D and Wendt, DC},
title = {Indigenous Research Sovereignty Within Academia: Challenges and Opportunities.},
journal = {SSM. Mental health},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42294510},
issn = {2666-5603},
abstract = {Indigenous Peoples' inherent right to self-determination includes authority over research, yet university systems centralize control in ways that constrain Indigenous sovereignty. This article examines how academic institutional structures and processes-well beyond the actions of individual researchers-shape the possibilities and limitations of Indigenous-focused research within universities. Drawing on a collaborative, story-based process involving Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers working with Indigenous communities across diverse regions and contexts internationally, we synthesize shared experiences to identify recurrent challenges and the systemic conditions that produce them. We describe both barriers and solutions within five themes: governance, institutional fit, burden, capacity, and relationships. Examples of barriers include paternalizing ethics boards, cumbersome financial systems, rigid timelines, and narrow evaluation metrics, which often conflict with community-defined governance and relational approaches to research. Examples of solutions include Indigenous-governed funding pathways, community ethics bodies, Indigenous-led research units, and institution-level efforts to embed relational accountability. We argue that strengthening Indigenous research sovereignty requires universities and funders to redesign their infrastructures (not simply adjust procedures), meaningfully share authority, align practices with Indigenous governance, and support long-term relationship building. By centering community leadership and relational accountability, universities can move beyond symbolic or superficial commitments to Indigenous self-determination in research, toward research environments rooted in respect, reciprocity, and community-defined outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42279178,
year = {2026},
author = {Anderson, LJ and Okamura, L and Dhunjishah, N and Gowrisankar, R and Song, J and Chauncey, TR and Garcia, JM},
title = {Baseline Functional Performance Predicts Better Long-Term Self-Reported Physical Function After Auto-HSCT.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm15114318},
pmid = {42279178},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Determination of baseline predictors of longer-term quality of life (QOL) after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Auto-HSCT) may identify patients with the greatest supportive care needs. We hypothesized that baseline older age, weight loss, and worse functional performance would negatively predict QOL over two years post-HSCT. Methods: Physical function, body composition, and QOL were assessed before (PRE) and one month (1MO) after Auto-HSCT in U.S. Veterans (N = 23). QOL and survival were also assessed approximately every six months for two years after Auto-HSCT (5MO, 1YR, 1.5YR, and 2YR). Changes over time were tested via Generalized Estimating Equation regression analyses (p < 0.05 = significant). The impact of PRE variables on QOL at each follow-up was tested via Spearman's correlations (p < 0.01 = significant). Results: Relative to PRE, depression and anxiety significantly improved (p ≤ 0.039) at 1MO while fatigue and vitality significantly worsened (p ≤ 0.024) 1MO to 5MO post-HSCT. Vitality, depression, and anxiety returned to PRE levels thereafter, while fatigue trajectory varied depending on the survey used. Bone-Marrow-Transplant-related QOL significantly improved at 5MO (p = 0.014) while self-reported function (p ≤ 0.021) and physical activity (p ≤ 0.045) significantly improved 1-2YR post-HSCT. Greater PRE 30 s chair stand test performance consistently correlated with better self-reported function 1-2YR (r = 0.76-0.91, p ≤ 0.007) post-HSCT. Greater PRE 6 min walk test performance consistently correlated with better symptom burden 1-2YR (r = 0.71-0.81, p ≤ 0.01) post-HSCT. Conclusions: In support of our hypothesis, baseline functional performance was associated with QOL during two years of recovery after Auto-HSCT; older age and recent weight loss at baseline only predicted worse baseline QOL. Our data indicates that evaluation of the 30 s chair stand and 6 min walk tests as rehabilitation targets and/or predictors of QOL, fitness, or mortality after Auto-HSCT are warranted. Larger, controlled studies are needed to confirm the findings from this exploratory analysis.},
}

@article {pmid41984995,
year = {2026},
author = {Lee-Miller, CA and Kairalla, JA and Hibbitts, E and Winick, NJ and Rabin, KR and Angiolillo, A and Schore, RJ and Salzer, WL and Burke, MJ and Loh, ML and Raetz, EA and Hunger, SP and Devidas, M and Teachey, DT and Gupta, S and McNeer, JL},
title = {Adding induction intrathecal cytarabine in newly diagnosed CNS2 B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia does not improve outcomes.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {4184-4192},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2026019660},
pmid = {41984995},
issn = {2473-9537},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cytarabine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Injections, Spinal ; Female ; Male ; *Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/mortality/diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Treatment Outcome ; Adolescent ; *Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; *Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {Patients with central nervous system (CNS) disease at diagnosis on Children's Oncology Group (COG) B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) trials AALL0331 and AALL0232 had inferior outcomes, largely secondary to CNS relapse. In response, for patients with newly diagnosed B-ALL enrolled on COG studies AALL0932 and AALL1131, therapy was adjusted to incorporate additional intrathecal cytarabine during induction for patients with low-level CNS involvement (CNS2). We evaluated the impact of this intervention.Event-free survival, overall survival, and cumulative incidence of relapse were compared among patients with CNS2 B-ALL before vs after amendment, stratified by receipt of a 3-drug (standard-risk) or 4-drug (high-risk) induction. Multivariable models were constructed to adjust for demographic and disease variables. When stratified by trial, preamendment and postamendment patients with CNS2 status did not differ significantly by demographic or disease factors. Additional intrathecal cytarabine doses during induction did not improve outcomes for patients with B-ALL. Multivariate analyses adjusting for disease prognosticators, race/ethnicity, and leukemia cytogenetics did not identify any subpopulation that significantly benefited from additional intrathecal cytarabine. Additional intrathecal cytarabine during induction for patients with CNS2 B-ALL did not improve outcomes or mitigate the adverse prognostic impact of CNS2 status in B-ALL. Future COG B-ALL studies will not include additional intrathecal cytarabine in induction for patients with CNS2 disease. Alternative treatment strategies are needed for patients with CNS2 disease.},
}

Humans
*Cytarabine/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Injections, Spinal
Female
Male
*Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy/mortality/diagnosis
Child
Child, Preschool
Treatment Outcome
Adolescent
*Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
*Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Prognosis

@article {pmid41985005,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang'ondu, R and Kairalla, JA and Shago, M and Angiolillo, AL and Breidenbach, H and Burke, MJ and Carroll, AJ and Rabin, KR and Salzer, WL and Schore, RJ and Wang, C and Hunger, SP and Teachey, DT and Raetz, EA and Loh, ML and Davis, KL and Rau, RE},
title = {Chromosome 15q deletions confer inferior outcomes among children with ETV6::RUNX1 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {10},
number = {12},
pages = {4109-4112},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2026019599},
pmid = {41985005},
issn = {2473-9537},
}

@article {pmid42274313,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, N and DiCorpo, DA and Zhang, Y and Kleinbrink, E and Arnett, DK and Barnard, J and Blangero, J and Bowden, DW and Carson, AP and Chen, YI and Chung, MK and Curran, JE and Darbar, D and Duggirala, R and Ellinor, PT and Fatkin, D and Fornage, M and Heard-Costa, N and He, J and Hou, L and Kardia, SLR and Kooperberg, C and Loos, RJF and McManus, DD and Mitchell, BD and Minster, RL and North, KE and Psaty, BM and Raffield, LM and Redline, S and Rich, SS and Roden, D and Rotter, JI and Shoemaker, MB and Smith, JD and Van Wagoner, DR and Aguet, F and Ardlie, K and Bis, JC and Brody, JA and Cade, BE and Clish, CB and de Vries, PS and Floyd, JS and Freedman, BI and Gabriel, S and Gerzsten, RE and Goodarzi, MO and Gu, C and Guo, X and Gupta, N and Heckbert, SR and Hsu, S and Hung, YJ and Kalyani, RR and Kelly, TN and Kinney, GL and Li, C and Liu, S and Liu, Y and Lloyd-Jones, DM and Manson, JE and Mathias, RA and Mercader, JM and Morrison, AC and Naseri, T and Onengut, S and Palmer, ND and Peyser, PA and Qi, Q and Raghavan, S and Reiner, AP and Rooney, MR and Sevilla-Gonzalez, M and Sarnowski, C and Smith, JD and Smith, JA and Spartano, NL and Tahir, U and Taylor, KD and Tobias, DK and Tracy, RP and Viali, S and Wang, H and Wood, AC and Yanek, LR and Zhao, W and Zheng, Y and Dupuis, J and Liu, CT and Sladek, R and Wessel, J and Meigs, JB and Manning, AK and , },
title = {Colocalization of eQTLs With Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits Using Whole-Genome Sequences in Diverse Populations From the NHLBI Trans-Omics in Precision Medicine (TOPMed) Program.},
journal = {Diabetes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2337/db25-0557},
pmid = {42274313},
issn = {1939-327X},
support = {UM1DK078616/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {We aimed to improve understanding of the genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits by leveraging whole-genome sequencing in diverse populations. Our goal was to identify novel variants, refine known loci, and link genetic signals to regulatory mechanisms through colocalization with expression quantitative trait loci. We discovered novel variants, significantly improved fine-mapping resolution, and identified 80 regulatory colocalization signals in diabetes-relevant tissues. These findings support precision medicine approaches by connecting genetic variation to functional biology in type 2 diabetes.},
}