@article {pmid39809329,
year = {2025},
author = {Amino, K and Hirakawa, T and Yago, M and Matsuo, T},
title = {Dorsoventral comparison of intraspecific variation in the butterfly wing pattern using a convolutional neural network.},
journal = {Biology letters},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {20240446},
pmid = {39809329},
issn = {1744-957X},
support = {//ACT-X/ ; //Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Male ; *Butterflies/anatomy & histology ; *Convolutional Neural Networks ; Sex Characteristics ; Species Specificity ; *Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology ; },
abstract = {Butterfly wing patterns exhibit notable differences between the dorsal and ventral surfaces, and morphological analyses of them have provided insights into the ecological and behavioural characteristics of wing patterns. Conventional methods for dorsoventral comparisons are constrained by the need for homologous patches or shared features between two surfaces, limiting their applicability across species. We used a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based analysis, which can compare images of the two surfaces without focusing on homologous patches or features, to detect dorsoventral bias in two types of intraspecific variation: sexual dimorphism and mimetic polymorphism. Using specimen images of 29 species, we first showed that the level of sexual dimorphism calculated by CNN-based analysis corresponded well with traditional assessments of sexual dissimilarity, demonstrating the validity of the method. Dorsal biases were widely detected in sexual dimorphism, suggesting that the conventional hypothesis of dorsally biased sexual selection can be supported in a broader range of species. In contrast, mimetic polymorphism showed no such bias, indicating the importance of both surfaces in mimicry. Our study demonstrates the potential versatility of CNN in comparing wing patterns between the two surfaces, while elucidating the relationship between dorsoventrally different selections and dorsoventral biases in intraspecific variations.},
}

Animals
Female
Male
*Butterflies/anatomy & histology
*Convolutional Neural Networks
Sex Characteristics
Species Specificity
*Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology

@article {pmid39813953,
year = {2025},
author = {Knight, ME and Farkas, K and Wade, M and Webster, G and Pass, DA and Perry, W and Kille, P and Singer, A and Jones, DL},
title = {Wastewater-based analysis of antimicrobial resistance at UK airports: Evaluating the potential opportunities and challenges.},
journal = {Environment international},
volume = {195},
number = {},
pages = {109260},
doi = {10.1016/j.envint.2025.109260},
pmid = {39813953},
issn = {1873-6750},
mesh = {*Wastewater/microbiology ; *Airports ; United Kingdom ; *Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Environmental Monitoring ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics ; },
abstract = {With 40 million annual passenger flights, airports are key hubs for microbial communities from diverse geographic origins to converge, mix, and distribute. Wastewater derived from airports and aircraft represent both a potential route for the global dispersion of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) organisms and an under-utilised resource for strengthening global AMR surveillance. This study investigates the abundance and diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater samples collected from airport terminals (n = 132), aircraft (n = 25), and a connected wastewater treatment plant (n = 11) at three international airports in the UK (London Heathrow, Edinburgh and Bristol). A total of 76 ARGs were quantified using high throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR) while a subset of samples (n = 30) was further analysed by metagenomic sequencing. Our findings reveal that aircraft wastewater resistomes were compositionally distinct from those observed at airport terminals, despite their similar diversity. Notably, flights originating from Asia and Africa carried a higher number of unique ARGs compared to those from Europe and North America. However, clustering of the ARG profile displayed no overall association with geography. Edinburgh terminal and pumping station wastewater had compositionally comparable resistomes to that of the connected urban wastewater treatment plant, though further research is needed to determine the relative contributions of the local population and international travellers. This study provides the first comprehensive investigation of AMR in wastewater from both aircraft and terminals across multiple international airports. Our results highlight aircraft wastewater as a potential route for cross-border AMR transmission and a valuable tool for global AMR surveillance. However, the findings also underscore the limitations and need for standardised approaches for AMR monitoring in airport environments, to effectively mitigate the global spread of AMR and enhance public health surveillance strategies.},
}

*Wastewater/microbiology
*Airports
United Kingdom
*Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics
Environmental Monitoring
*Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics

@article {pmid39817434,
year = {2025},
author = {Blum, J and Brüll, M and Hengstler, JG and Dietrich, DR and Gruber, AJ and Dipalo, M and Kraushaar, U and Mangas, I and Terron, A and Fritsche, E and Marx-Stoelting, P and Hardy, B and Schepky, A and Escher, S and Hartung, T and Landsiedel, R and Odermatt, A and Sachana, M and Koch, K and Dönmez, A and Masjosthusmann, S and Bothe, K and Schildknecht, S and Beilmann, M and Beltman, JB and Fitzpatrick, S and Mangerich, A and Rehm, M and Tangianu, S and Zickgraf, FM and Kamp, H and Burger, G and van de Water, B and Kleinstreuer, N and White, A and Leist, M},
title = {The long way from raw data to NAM-based information: Overview on data layers and processing steps.},
journal = {ALTEX},
volume = {42},
number = {1},
pages = {167-180},
doi = {10.14573/altex.2412171},
pmid = {39817434},
issn = {1868-8551},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Animal Testing Alternatives/methods ; Risk Assessment ; *Toxicity Tests/methods ; },
abstract = {Toxicological test methods generate raw data and provide instructions on how to use these to determine a final outcome such as a classification of test compounds as hits or non-hits. The data processing pipeline provided in the test method description is often highly complex. Usually, multiple layers of data, ranging from a machine-generated output to the final hit definition, are considered. Transition between each of these layers often requires several data processing steps. As changes in any of these processing steps can impact the final output of new approach methods (NAMs), the processing pipeline is an essential part of a NAM description and should be included in reporting templates such as the ToxTemp. The same raw data, processed in different ways, may result in different final outcomes that may affect the readiness status and regulatory acceptance of the NAM, as an altered output can affect robustness, performance, and relevance. Data management, pro­cessing, and interpretation are therefore important elements of a comprehensive NAM definition. We aim to give an overview of the most important data levels to be considered during the devel­opment and application of a NAM. In addition, we illustrate data processing and evaluation steps between these data levels. As NAMs are increasingly standard components of the spectrum of toxi­cological test methods used for risk assessment, awareness of the significance of data processing steps in NAMs is crucial for building trust, ensuring acceptance, and fostering the reproducibility of NAM outcomes.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Animal Testing Alternatives/methods
Risk Assessment
*Toxicity Tests/methods

@article {pmid39822261,
year = {2025},
author = {Proença Neto, MA and De Sousa, MPA},
title = {Pytaxon: A Python software for resolving and correcting taxonomic names in biodiversity data.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e138257},
pmid = {39822261},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The standardisation and correction of taxonomic names in large biodiversity databases remain persistent challenges for researchers, as errors in species names can compromise ecological analyses, land-use planning and conservation efforts, particularly when inaccurate data are shared on global biodiversity portals.

NEW INFORMATION: We present pytaxon, a Python software designed to resolve and correct taxonomic names in biodiversity data by leveraging the Global Names Verifier (GNV) API and employing fuzzy matching techniques to suggest corrections for discrepancies and nomenclatural inconsistencies. The pytaxon offers both a Command Line Interface (CLI) and a Graphical User Interface (GUI), ensuring accessibility to users with different levels of computing expertise. Tests on spreadsheets derived from datasets published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) demonstrated its effectiveness in identifying and resolving taxonomic errors. By mitigating the propagation of inaccuracies from researchers' datasets to global biodiversity databases, pytaxon supports more reliable conservation decisions and robust scientific investigations. Its contributions enhance data integrity and promote informed biodiversity management in a rapidly evolving global environment.},
}

@article {pmid39822595,
year = {2024},
author = {Boyes, D and , and , and , and , and , and , and , },
title = {The genome sequence of the Poplar Grey moth, Subacronicta megacephala (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775).},
journal = {Wellcome open research},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {696},
pmid = {39822595},
issn = {2398-502X},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {We present a genome assembly from an individual male Subacronicta megacephala (Poplar Grey moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 424.20 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.02%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.35 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 18,189 protein-coding genes.},
}

@article {pmid39825388,
year = {2025},
author = {Burthe, SJ and Kumbar, B and Schäfer, SM and Purse, BV and Vanak, AT and Balakrishnan, N and Hassall, R and Hoti, SL and Narayanaswamy, D and Potadar, S and Rahman, M and Chanda, MM},
title = {First evidence of transovarial transmission of Kyasanur Forest disease virus in Haemaphysalis and Rhipicephalus ticks in the wild.},
journal = {Parasites & vectors},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {14},
pmid = {39825388},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {MR/T029846/1//Global Challenges Research Fund/ ; MR/P024335/1//Global Challenges Research Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/isolation & purification/genetics/physiology ; Female ; India/epidemiology ; *Rhipicephalus/virology ; *Kyasanur Forest Disease/transmission/virology ; Larva/virology ; *Ixodidae/virology ; Animals, Wild/virology ; *Arachnid Vectors/virology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) is a tick-borne flavivirus causing debilitating and potentially fatal disease in people in the Western Ghats region of India. The transmission cycle is complex, involving multiple vector and host species, but there are significant gaps in ecological knowledge. Empirical data on pathogen-vector-host interactions and incrimination have not been updated since the last century, despite significant local changes in land use and the expansion of KFD to new areas. Mathematical models predict that transovarial transmission, whereby adult female ticks pass KFDV infections to their offspring, plays an important role in the persistence of KFD, but this has not been shown in the wild. Here we set out to establish whether transovarial transmission of KFDV was occurring under natural field conditions by assessing whether host-seeking larvae were positive for KFDV.

METHODS: Ticks were sampled by dragging and flagging across a broad range of habitats within the agro-forest matrix at 49 sites in two districts: Shivamogga, Karnataka and Wayanad, Kerala (September 2018-March 2019), and larvae were tested for KFDV by PCR.

RESULTS: In total, larval ticks from 7 of the 49 sites sampled tested positive for KFDV, indicating that transovarial transmission is occurring. Of the 13 KFDV-positive larval samples, 3 came from around houses and gardens, 5 from crops (3 from harvested rice paddy and 2 from areca plantation), 1 from teak plantation and 4 (2 from 1 transect) from forests. Five different tick species were found to have KFDV-positive larvae: Haemaphysalis spinigera, H. bispinosa, Rhipicephalus annulatus, R. microplus and an unidentifiable species of Haemaphysalis (no close match in GenBank).

CONCLUSIONS: Our empirical confirmation of transovarial transmission has important implications for understanding and predicting KFD dynamics, suggesting that ticks may act as a reservoir for KFDV. Moreover, small mammals and cattle may play crucial roles in transmission if small mammals are the main hosts for larvae infected via transovarial transmission, and cattle support large numbers of infected female adult ticks. This first report of transovarial transmission of KFDV, and within a hitherto undescribed range of vectors and habitats, will help disease managers improve KFD surveillance and mitigation strategies, ultimately leading to communities becoming more resilient to the risk of this tick-transmitted disease.},
}

Animals
*Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/isolation & purification/genetics/physiology
Female
India/epidemiology
*Rhipicephalus/virology
*Kyasanur Forest Disease/transmission/virology
Larva/virology
*Ixodidae/virology
Animals, Wild/virology
*Arachnid Vectors/virology

@article {pmid39826720,
year = {2025},
author = {Akhoon, BA and Qiao, Q and Stewart, A and Chen, J and Rodriguez Lopez, CM and Corbin, KR},
title = {Pangenomic analysis of the bacterial cellulose-producing genera Komagataeibacter and Novacetimonas.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {298},
number = {},
pages = {139980},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139980},
pmid = {39826720},
issn = {1879-0003},
mesh = {*Cellulose/biosynthesis ; Phylogeny ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Genomics/methods ; *Acetobacteraceae/genetics/metabolism ; Multigene Family ; Genetic Variation ; },
abstract = {Bacterial cellulose holds significant commercial potential due to its unique structural and chemical properties, making it suitable for applications in electronics, medicine, and pharmaceuticals. However, large-scale BC production remains limited by challenges related to bacterial performance. In this study, we compared 79 microbial genomes from three genera-Komagataeibacter, Novacetimonas, and Gluconacetobacter-to investigate their pangenomes, genetic diversity, and evolutionary relationships. Through comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses, we identified distinct genome compositions and evolutionary patterns that differ from previous reports. The role of horizontal gene transfer in shaping the genetic diversity and adaptability of these bacteria was also explored. Key determinants in BC production, such as variations in the bacterial cellulose biosynthesis (bcs) operon, carbohydrate uptake genes, and carbohydrate-active enzymes, were examined. Additionally, several biosynthetic gene clusters, including Linocin M18 and sactipeptides, which encode for antimicrobial peptides known as bacteriocins, were identified. These findings reveal new aspects of the genetic diversity in cellulose-producing bacteria and present a comprehensive genomic toolkit that will support future efforts to optimize BC production and improve microbial performance for commercial applications.},
}

*Cellulose/biosynthesis
Phylogeny
*Genome, Bacterial
*Genomics/methods
*Acetobacteraceae/genetics/metabolism
Multigene Family
Genetic Variation

@article {pmid39830079,
year = {2024},
author = {Couch, J and Arnaout, R and Arnaout, R},
title = {Beyond Size and Class Balance: Alpha as a New Dataset Quality Metric for Deep Learning.},
journal = {ArXiv},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39830079},
issn = {2331-8422},
support = {R01 AI148747/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL150394/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {In deep learning, achieving high performance on image classification tasks requires diverse training sets. However, the current best practice-maximizing dataset size and class balance-does not guarantee dataset diversity. We hypothesized that, for a given model architecture, model performance can be improved by maximizing diversity more directly. To test this hypothesis, we introduce a comprehensive framework of diversity measures from ecology that generalizes familiar quantities like Shannon entropy by accounting for similarities among images. (Size and class balance emerge as special cases.) Analyzing thousands of subsets from seven medical datasets showed that the best correlates of performance were not size or class balance but A -"big alpha"-a set of generalized entropy measures interpreted as the effective number of image-class pairs in the dataset, after accounting for image similarities. One of these, A 0 , explained 67% of the variance in balanced accuracy, vs. 54% for class balance and just 39% for size. The best pair of measures was size-plus- A 1 (79%), which outperformed size-plus-class-balance (74%). Subsets with the largest A 0 performed up to 16% better than those with the largest size (median improvement, 8%). We propose maximizing A as a way to improve deep learning performance in medical imaging.},
}

@article {pmid39830091,
year = {2023},
author = {Boyes, D and Eljounaidi, K and , and , and , and , and , and , },
title = {The genome sequence of the Beautiful Golden Y, Autographa pulchrina (Haworth, 1809).},
journal = {Wellcome open research},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {375},
pmid = {39830091},
issn = {2398-502X},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {We present a genome assembly from an individual female Autographa pulchrina (the Beautiful Golden Y; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 426.2 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.25 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 12,916 protein coding genes.},
}

@article {pmid39830898,
year = {2025},
author = {Gartler, S and Scheer, J and Meyer, A and Abass, K and Bartsch, A and Doloisio, N and Falardeau, J and Hugelius, G and Irrgang, A and Haukur Ingimundarson, J and Jungsberg, L and Lantuit, H and Nymand Larsen, J and Lodi, R and Martin, VS and Mercer, L and Nielsen, D and Overduin, P and Povoroznyuk, O and Rautio, A and Schweitzer, P and Speetjens, NJ and Tomaškovičová, S and Timlin, U and Vanderlinden, JP and Vonk, J and Westerveld, L and Ingeman-Nielsen, T},
title = {A transdisciplinary, comparative analysis reveals key risks from Arctic permafrost thaw.},
journal = {Communications earth & environment},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {21},
pmid = {39830898},
issn = {2662-4435},
abstract = {Permafrost thaw poses diverse risks to Arctic environments and livelihoods. Understanding the effects of permafrost thaw is vital for informed policymaking and adaptation efforts. Here, we present the consolidated findings of a risk analysis spanning four study regions: Longyearbyen (Svalbard, Norway), the Avannaata municipality (Greenland), the Beaufort Sea region and the Mackenzie River Delta (Canada) and the Bulunskiy District of the Sakha Republic (Russia). Local stakeholders' and scientists' perceptions shaped our understanding of the risks as dynamic, socionatural phenomena involving physical processes, key hazards, and societal consequences. Through an inter- and transdisciplinary risk analysis based on multidirectional knowledge exchanges and thematic network analysis, we identified five key hazards of permafrost thaw. These include infrastructure failure, disruption of mobility and supplies, decreased water quality, challenges for food security, and exposure to diseases and contaminants. The study's novelty resides in the comparative approach spanning different disciplines, environmental and societal contexts, and the transdisciplinary synthesis considering various risk perceptions.},
}

@article {pmid39832137,
year = {2025},
author = {Iobbi, V and Parisi, V and Giacomini, M and De Riccardis, F and Brun, P and Núñez-Pons, L and Drava, G and Giordani, P and Monti, MC and Poggi, R and Murgia, Y and De Tommasi, N and Bisio, A},
title = {Sesterterpenoids: sources, structural diversity, biological activity, and data management.},
journal = {Natural product reports},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {443-481},
doi = {10.1039/d4np00041b},
pmid = {39832137},
issn = {1460-4752},
mesh = {*Sesterterpenes/chemistry/pharmacology/isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Biological Products/chemistry/pharmacology ; Data Management ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Reviewing the literature published up to October 2024.Sesterterpenoids are one of the most chemically diverse and biologically promising subgroup of terpenoids, the largest family of secondary metabolites. The present review article summarizes more than seven decades of studies on isolation and characterization of more than 1600 structurally novel sesterterpenoids, supplemented by biological, pharmacological, ecological, and geographic distribution data. All the information have been implemented in eight tables available on the web and a relational database https://sesterterpenoids.unige.net/. The interface has two sections, one open to the public for reading only and the other, protected by an authentication mechanism, for timely updating of published results.},
}

*Sesterterpenes/chemistry/pharmacology/isolation & purification
Molecular Structure
Biological Products/chemistry/pharmacology
Data Management
Humans

@article {pmid39832144,
year = {2024},
author = {Ištoňová, M and Dorko, E and Knap, V and Stehlíková, B and Murgová, A and Ondová, P and Rimárová, K},
title = {Assessment of depressive disorders and states of anxiety in patients following cerebrovascular accidents in connection with health care provision.},
journal = {Central European journal of public health},
volume = {32},
number = {Supplement},
pages = {18-24},
pmid = {39832144},
issn = {1210-7778},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Stroke/psychology/complications ; Slovakia/epidemiology ; *Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology/etiology ; *Depressive Disorder/epidemiology/etiology ; *Anxiety/epidemiology ; Depression/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Anxiety and depression in patients following cerebrovascular accidents are among frequently occurring complications of the medical condition. The consequences affect personal, family, professional, and social life. They cause severe functional and cognitive impairments, limit the ability to perform normal daily activities, which can result in complete disability. The aim of the study was to monitor the occurrence of anxiety and depression in patients following cerebrovascular accidents hospitalized in neurological departments in the region of eastern Slovakia.

METHODS: A total of 101 patients following cerebrovascular accidents, aged from 48-86 years, were included in the descriptive study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from patients and from medical records. We determined the occurrence of anxiety disorders, depression and emotional distress in patients following cerebrovascular accidents using a standardized Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire.

RESULTS: Data analysis confirms a high incidence of anxiety in the HADS-A subscale (9.23 ± 4.13) and depression in the HADS-D subscale (9.09 ± 4.43) during the hospitalization phase of the disease. It demonstrates the pathological occurrence of anxiety states in 37%, depression in 36%, emotional distress in 36%, and a serious degree of combination of pathological values of the anxiety subscale and the depression subscale in 27% of patients. The existence of a strong positive correlation between anxiety and depression indicators was confirmed.

CONCLUSION: The results confirm a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in the acute phase of the disease. The findings indicate that patients recovering from cerebrovascular accidents not only face physical difficulties and loss of independence but also struggle with anxiety and depression, which can negatively impact and slow their recovery. Given the high frequency of these psychological conditions, further research is needed to enhance the quality and effectiveness of care provided to patients with cerebrovascular accidents.},
}

Humans
Male
Female
Middle Aged
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
*Stroke/psychology/complications
Slovakia/epidemiology
*Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology/etiology
*Depressive Disorder/epidemiology/etiology
*Anxiety/epidemiology
Depression/epidemiology
Surveys and Questionnaires

@article {pmid39832988,
year = {2025},
author = {Shimels, T and Kantelhardt, EJ and Assefa, M and Fenta, TG},
title = {Spatiotemporal dynamics and prevention strategies of cervical cancer incidence in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: an ecological study.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {e089521},
pmid = {39832988},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Female ; *Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Bayes Theorem ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study analysed the spatial and temporal patterns of cervical cancer incidence in Addis Ababa from 2012 to 2021.

DESIGN: An ecological study was conducted from 1 September to 30 November 2023 to examine the spatiotemporal trends of cervical cancer incidence.

SETTING: The research was conducted in Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia.

PARTICIPANTS: Included were all patients with clinically and/or histopathologically confirmed diagnoses of cervical cancer.

DATA ANALYSIS: The study employed advanced analytical tools including R programming, Quantum Geographic Information System V.3.36.0, GeoDa V.1.2.2 and System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses GIS V.9.3.2. Techniques such as Bayesian empirical testing with a block weighting matrix for hotspot identification, Global Moran's I for spatial autocorrelation, nearest neighbour imputation and universal Kriging interpolation were used to manage data gaps. Joinpoint trend analysis and direct age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) using the Segi's World standard population was applied to compare trends across subcities. A statistical significance threshold was set at p<0.05.

RESULTS: Between 2012 and 2021, a total of 2435 new cervical cancer cases were recorded in the Addis Ababa City Population-based Cancer Registry, with significant spatial clustering observed in Nifas Silk Lafto, Bole, Kirkos as well as parts of Gulele and Yeka sub cities (z score>1.96) in 2018. The citywide age-standardised incidence rate varied from 19 to 26 cases per 100 000 women-years during 2013 and 2016, respectively. Subcity trends varied significantly, with increases and decreases noted in Akaki Kality and Kolfe Keraniyo over different periods while Bole subcity showed modest increase at 4.2% APC (95% CI: 0.6% to 7.9%; p=0.026).

CONCLUSION: The study highlights substantial fluctuations in ASIR and significant geographic disparities in cervical cancer throughout Addis Ababa. To address these challenges, the implementation of school-based human papillomavirus vaccination programmes, alongside targeted interventions, active campaigns and sustained surveillance, is critical. These strategies are essential to effectively reduce the cervical cancer burden and improve health outcomes in the community.},
}

Humans
Ethiopia/epidemiology
Female
*Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology/prevention & control
Incidence
Middle Aged
Adult
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Young Adult
Aged
Adolescent
Bayes Theorem

@article {pmid39833495,
year = {2025},
author = {Akar, SE and Nwachukwu, W and Adewuyi, OS and Ahumibe, AA and Akanimo, I and Okunromade, O and Babatunde, O and Ihekweazu, C and Hitachi, M and Kato, K and Takamatsu, Y and Hirayama, K and Kaneko, S},
title = {Epidemiology of Yellow Fever in Nigeria: Analysis of Climatic, Ecological, Socio-Demographic, and Clinical Factors Associated with Viral Positivity Among Suspected Cases Using National Surveillance Data, 2017-2023.},
journal = {Journal of epidemiology and global health},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {2},
pmid = {39833495},
issn = {2210-6014},
mesh = {Humans ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; *Yellow Fever/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Female ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Child ; Young Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Climate ; Population Surveillance ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Risk Factors ; Disease Outbreaks ; Aged ; Yellow fever virus/isolation & purification ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since its resurgence in 2017, Yellow fever (YF) outbreaks have continued to occur in Nigeria despite routine immunization and the implementation of several reactive mass vaccinations. Nigeria, Africa's most populous endemic country, is considered a high-priority country for implementing the End Yellow fever Epidemics strategy.

METHODS: This retrospective analysis described the epidemiological profile, trends, and factors associated with Yellow fever viral positivity in Nigeria. We conducted a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with YF viral positivity.

RESULTS: Of 16,777 suspected cases, 8532(50.9%) had laboratory confirmation with an overall positivity rate of 6.9%(585). Predictors of YFV positivity were the Jos Plateau, Derived/Guinea Savanah, and the Freshwater/Lowland rainforest compared to the Sahel/Sudan Savannah; dry season compared to rainy season; the hot dry or humid compared to the temperate, dry cool/humid climatic zone; 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 epidemic years compared to compared to 2017; first, third, and fourth quarters compared to the second; male sex compared to female; age group > = 15 years compared to < 15 years; working in outdoor compared to indoor settings; having traveled within the last two weeks; being of unknown vaccination status compared to being vaccinated; and vomiting.

CONCLUSION: Ecological, climatic, and socio-demographic characteristics are drivers of YF outbreaks in Nigeria, and public health interventions need to target these factors to halt local epidemics and reduce the risk of international spread. Inadequate vaccination coverage alone may not account for the recurrent outbreaks of YF in Nigeria.},
}

Humans
Nigeria/epidemiology
*Yellow Fever/epidemiology/prevention & control
Female
Male
Retrospective Studies
Adolescent
Adult
Middle Aged
Child
Young Adult
Child, Preschool
Infant
Climate
Population Surveillance
Socioeconomic Factors
Risk Factors
Disease Outbreaks
Aged
Yellow fever virus/isolation & purification

@article {pmid39840283,
year = {2024},
author = {Yan, B and Nam, Y and Li, L and Deek, RA and Li, H and Ma, S},
title = {Recent advances in deep learning and language models for studying the microbiome.},
journal = {Frontiers in genetics},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1494474},
pmid = {39840283},
issn = {1664-8021},
support = {R01 GM123056/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; U24 OD035523/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly large language models (LLMs), made a significant impact on how researchers study microbiome and metagenomics data. Microbial protein and genomic sequences, like natural languages, form a language of life, enabling the adoption of LLMs to extract useful insights from complex microbial ecologies. In this paper, we review applications of deep learning and language models in analyzing microbiome and metagenomics data. We focus on problem formulations, necessary datasets, and the integration of language modeling techniques. We provide an extensive overview of protein/genomic language modeling and their contributions to microbiome studies. We also discuss applications such as novel viromics language modeling, biosynthetic gene cluster prediction, and knowledge integration for metagenomics studies.},
}

@article {pmid39841777,
year = {2025},
author = {Cardoso, ADRO and Ferreira, ACG and Rabahi, MF},
title = {Asthma-related deaths in Brazil: data from an ecological study.},
journal = {Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia},
volume = {50},
number = {6},
pages = {e20240296},
pmid = {39841777},
issn = {1806-3756},
mesh = {Humans ; Brazil/epidemiology ; *Asthma/mortality ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; *Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data/trends ; Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Young Adult ; Age Distribution ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Sex Factors ; Infant ; Age Factors ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present epidemiological data on hospitalizations and deaths related to asthma in Brazil over the past 11 years.

METHODS: An ecological study was conducted on asthma-related hospitalizations and mortality in Brazil from 2013 to 2023, using data extracted from the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System and the Mortality Information System.

RESULTS: Asthma-related deaths showed an increasing trend during the analyzed period. A surge in deaths was observed in 2022 compared to 2014 (difference between means = 56.08 ± 19.7; 95% CI = 15.2-96.9). The mean number of deaths was higher among females, with their rate remaining stable, while the rate for males increased. Individuals aged >60 years accounted for approximately 65% of all asthma-related deaths from 2013 to 2023, with a strong direct correlation observed between age and the number of deaths, regardless of sex. During the same period, the total number of asthma-related hospitalizations in Brazil showed a declining trend, decreasing from 134,322 in 2013 to 87,707 in 2023.

CONCLUSION: Over the past 11 years, asthma-related deaths have increased in Brazil, with the majority occurring among females. Older individuals accounted for most asthma-related deaths, and a positive correlation was observed between age and the number of deaths.},
}

Humans
Brazil/epidemiology
*Asthma/mortality
Female
Male
Middle Aged
Adult
*Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data/trends
Aged
Sex Distribution
Young Adult
Age Distribution
Adolescent
Child
Child, Preschool
Sex Factors
Infant
Age Factors

@article {pmid39853577,
year = {2025},
author = {Pierrat, ZA and Magney, TS and Richardson, WP and Runkle, BRK and Diehl, JL and Yang, X and Woodgate, W and Smith, WK and Johnston, MR and Ginting, YRS and Koren, G and Albert, LP and Kibler, CL and Morgan, BE and Barnes, M and Uscanga, A and Devine, C and Javadian, M and Meza, K and Julitta, T and Tagliabue, G and Dannenberg, MP and Antala, M and Wong, CYS and Santos, ALD and Hufkens, K and Marrs, JK and Stovall, AEL and Liu, Y and Fisher, JB and Gamon, JA and Cawse-Nicholson, K},
title = {Proximal remote sensing: an essential tool for bridging the gap between high-resolution ecosystem monitoring and global ecology.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {246},
number = {2},
pages = {419-436},
pmid = {39853577},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program/ ; 2020/37/B/ST10/01213//National Science Centre of Poland/ ; //TVL E-13 work contract at the Climate Monitoring Group of the University of Bonn/ ; //The LEMONTREE project by E. Schmidt and W. Schmidt/ ; 1926090//National Science Foundation/ ; 2044818//National Science Foundation/ ; 2131853//National Science Foundation/ ; IOS-2005574 OPP-2023205//National Science Foundation/ ; 80NSSC20K1805/NASA/NASA/United States ; 80NSSC21K1002/NASA/NASA/United States ; 80NSSC21K1639/NASA/NASA/United States ; 80NSSC21K1707/NASA/NASA/United States ; 80NSSC23K0109/NASA/NASA/United States ; 80NSSC23K0309/NASA/NASA/United States ; 80NSSC24K0135/NASA/NASA/United States ; NNH20ZDA001N-BIODIV/NASA/NASA/United States ; DE190101182//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Remote Sensing Technology/methods ; *Ecosystem ; *Ecology/methods ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Internationality ; },
abstract = {A new proliferation of optical instruments that can be attached to towers over or within ecosystems, or 'proximal' remote sensing, enables a comprehensive characterization of terrestrial ecosystem structure, function, and fluxes of energy, water, and carbon. Proximal remote sensing can bridge the gap between individual plants, site-level eddy-covariance fluxes, and airborne and spaceborne remote sensing by providing continuous data at a high-spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review recent advances in proximal remote sensing for improving our mechanistic understanding of plant and ecosystem processes, model development, and validation of current and upcoming satellite missions. We provide current best practices for data availability and metadata for proximal remote sensing: spectral reflectance, solar-induced fluorescence, thermal infrared radiation, microwave backscatter, and LiDAR. Our paper outlines the steps necessary for making these data streams more widespread, accessible, interoperable, and information-rich, enabling us to address key ecological questions unanswerable from space-based observations alone and, ultimately, to demonstrate the feasibility of these technologies to address critical questions in local and global ecology.},
}

*Remote Sensing Technology/methods
*Ecosystem
*Ecology/methods
*Environmental Monitoring/methods
*Internationality

@article {pmid39854538,
year = {2025},
author = {Katchali, M and Richard, E and Tonnang, HEZ and Tanga, CM and Beesigamukama, D and Senagi, K},
title = {Mathematical and computational modeling for organic and insect frass fertilizer production: A systematic review.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {e0292418},
pmid = {39854538},
issn = {1932-6203},
support = {INV-032416/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; },
mesh = {*Fertilizers ; Animals ; *Computer Simulation ; *Models, Theoretical ; *Insecta ; Agriculture/methods ; },
abstract = {Organic fertilizers have been identified as a sustainable agricultural practice that can enhance productivity and reduce environmental impact. Recently, the European Union defined and accepted insect frass as an innovative and emerging organic fertilizer. In the wider domain of organic fertilizers, mathematical and computational models have been developed to optimize their production and application conditions. However, with the advancement in policies and regulations, modelling has shifted towards efficiencies in the deployment of these technologies. Therefore, this paper reviews and critically analyzes the recent developments in the mathematical and computation modeling that have promoted various organic fertilizer products including insect frass. We reviewed a total of 35 studies and discussed the methodologies, benefits, and challenges associated with the use of these models. The results show that mathematical and computational modeling can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of organic fertilizer production, leading to improved agricultural productivity and reduced environmental impact. Mathematical models such as simulation, regression, dynamics, and kinetics have been applied while computational data driven machine learning models such as random forest, support vector machines, gradient boosting, and artificial neural networks have also been applied as well. These models have been used in quantifying nutrients concentration/release, effects of nutrients in agro-production, and fertilizer treatment. This paper also discusses prospects for the use of these models, including the development of more comprehensive and accurate models and integration with emerging technologies such as Internet of Things.},
}

*Fertilizers
Animals
*Computer Simulation
*Models, Theoretical
*Insecta
Agriculture/methods

@article {pmid39854555,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, J and Johnson, VC and Shi, J and Tan, ML and Zhang, F},
title = {Multi-scenario land use change simulation and spatial-temporal evolution of carbon storage in the Yangtze River Delta region based on the PLUS-InVEST model.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {e0316255},
pmid = {39854555},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Rivers/chemistry ; China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Carbon Sequestration ; *Carbon/analysis ; *Models, Theoretical ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Urbanization ; Computer Simulation ; Ecosystem ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Influenced by urban expansion, population growth, and various socio-economic activities, land use in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) area has undergone prominent changes. Modifications in land use have resulted in adjustments to ecological structures, leading to subsequent fluctuations in carbon storage. This study focuses on YRD region and analyzes the characteristics of land use changes in the area using land use data from 2000 to 2020, with a 10-year interval. Utilizing InVEST Model's Carbon Storage module in combination with PLUS model (patch-generating land use simulation), we simulated and projected future land use patterns and carbon storage across YRD region under five scenarios including natural development (ND), urban development (UD), ecological protection (EP), cropland protection (CP), and balanced development (BD). Upon comparing carbon storage levels predicted for 2030 under the five scenarios with those in 2020, carbon stocks decrease in the initial four scenarios and then increase in the fifth scenario. In the initial four declining scenarios, CP scenario had the least reduction in carbon storage, followed by EP scenario. The implementation of policies aimed at safeguarding cropland and preserving ecological integrity can efficaciously curtail the expansion of developed land into woodland and cropland, enhance the structure of land use, and mitigate the loss of carbon storage.},
}

*Rivers/chemistry
China
*Conservation of Natural Resources
*Carbon Sequestration
*Carbon/analysis
*Models, Theoretical
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Urbanization
Computer Simulation
Ecosystem
Humans

@article {pmid39856257,
year = {2025},
author = {Gulakhmadov, A and Chen, X and Gulahmadov, N and Rizwan, M and Gulakhmadov, M and Nadeem, MU and Rakhimova, M and Liu, T},
title = {Modeling of historical and future changes in temperature and precipitation in the Panj River Basin in Central Asia under the CMIP5 RCP and CMIP6 SSP scenarios.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {3037},
pmid = {39856257},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {42150410393//Research Fund for International Scientists of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42150410393//Research Fund for International Scientists of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42150410393//Research Fund for International Scientists of the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023000137//Tianshan Talent Training Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region/ ; 2023000137//Tianshan Talent Training Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region/ ; 42230708/42361144887//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 42230708/42361144887//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; GJTD-2020-14//K.C. Wong Education Foundation/ ; GJTD-2020-14//K.C. Wong Education Foundation/ ; HZXM20225001MI//Joint CAS-MPG Research Project/ ; HZXM20225001MI//Joint CAS-MPG Research Project/ ; },
abstract = {This study examines the complexities of climate modeling, specifically in the Panj River Basin (PRB) in Central Asia, to evaluate the transition from CMIP5 to CMIP6 models. The research aimed to identify differences in historical simulations and future predictions of rainfall and temperature, examining the accuracy of eight General Circulation Models (GCMs) used in both CMIP5 (RCP4.5 and 8.5) and CMIP6 (SSP2-4.5 and 5-8.5). The evaluation metrics demonstrated that the GCMs have a high level of accuracy in reproducing maximum temperature (Tmax) with a correlation coefficient of 0.96. The models also performed well in replicating minimum temperature (Tmin) with a correlation coefficient of 0.94. This suggests that the models have improved modeling capabilities in both CMIPs. The performance of Max Plank Institute (MPI) across all variables in CMIP6 models was exceptional. Within the CMIP5 domain, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (GFDL) demonstrated outstanding skill in reproducing maximum temperature (Tmax) and precipitation (KGE 0.58 and 0.34, respectively), while (Institute for Numerical Mathematics) INMCM excelled in replicating minimum temperature (Tmin) (KGE 0.28). The uncertainty analysis revealed a significant improvement in the CMIP6 precipitation bias bands, resulting in a more precise depiction of diverse climate zones compared to CMIP5. Both CMIPs consistently tended to underestimate Tmax in the Csa zone and overestimate it in the Bwk zone throughout all months. Nevertheless, the CMIP6 models demonstrated a significant decrease in uncertainty, especially in ensemble simulations, suggesting improvements in forecasting PRB climate dynamics. The projections revealed a complex story, as the CMIP6 models predict a relatively small increase in temperature and a simultaneous drop in precipitation. This indicates a trend towards more uniform temperature patterns across different areas. Nevertheless, the precipitation forecasts exhibited increased variability, highlighting the intricate interaction of climate dynamics in the PRB area under the impact of global warming scenarios. Hydrological components in global climate models can be further improved and developed with the theoretical reference provided by this study.},
}

@article {pmid39860723,
year = {2025},
author = {Dewmini, H and Meedeniya, D and Perera, C},
title = {Elephant Sound Classification Using Deep Learning Optimization.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {39860723},
issn = {1424-8220},
mesh = {*Deep Learning ; Animals ; *Elephants/physiology ; *Vocalization, Animal/physiology/classification ; Bayes Theorem ; Sound ; Sound Spectrography ; },
abstract = {Elephant sound identification is crucial in wildlife conservation and ecological research. The identification of elephant vocalizations provides insights into the behavior, social dynamics, and emotional expressions, leading to elephant conservation. This study addresses elephant sound classification utilizing raw audio processing. Our focus lies on exploring lightweight models suitable for deployment on resource-costrained edge devices, including MobileNet, YAMNET, and RawNet, alongside introducing a novel model termed ElephantCallerNet. Notably, our investigation reveals that the proposed ElephantCallerNet achieves an impressive accuracy of 89% in classifying raw audio directly without converting it to spectrograms. Leveraging Bayesian optimization techniques, we fine-tuned crucial parameters such as learning rate, dropout, and kernel size, thereby enhancing the model's performance. Moreover, we scrutinized the efficacy of spectrogram-based training, a prevalent approach in animal sound classification. Through comparative analysis, the raw audio processing outperforms spectrogram-based methods. In contrast to other models in the literature that primarily focus on a single caller type or binary classification that identifies whether a sound is an elephant voice or not, our solution is designed to classify three distinct caller-types namely roar, rumble, and trumpet.},
}

*Deep Learning
Animals
*Elephants/physiology
*Vocalization, Animal/physiology/classification
Bayes Theorem
Sound
Sound Spectrography

@article {pmid39866757,
year = {2023},
author = {Gudelj Rakić, J and Maksimović, M and Vlajinac, H and Janković, J and Vukašinović, D and Marinković, J},
title = {TRENDS IN OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG SERBIAN ADULT POPULATION 2000-2013.},
journal = {Acta clinica Croatica},
volume = {62},
number = {4},
pages = {605-614},
pmid = {39866757},
issn = {1333-9451},
mesh = {Humans ; Serbia/epidemiology ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; *Obesity/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; *Overweight/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Young Adult ; Health Surveys ; },
abstract = {The aim of the study was to determine changes in body mass index (BMI) and in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Serbian adult population. Data for this study were obtained from three National Health Interview Surveys, carried out as cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys in 2000, 2006 and 2013. The values of p for trends of sociodemographic and health related behavioral characteristics, of BMI distribution, and of overweight and obesity prevalence were determined by univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses, with year of survey as a continuous variable. The mean values of BMI and standard deviations in surveys were 26.09±3.92, 26.28±4.02 and 26.87±4.33 in men, and 25.91±5.25, 25.77±5.22 and 26.35±5.58 in women, respectively (trend p<0.001 both). The prevalence of obesity was 14.3%, 16.5% and 21.4% in men, and 20.0%, 19.7% and 23.3% in women, respectively (trend p<0.001 both). The prevalence of overweight did not change significantly during the observed period. In conclusion, the prevalence of obesity showed an increasing trend in both men and women, demanding targeted public health interventions.},
}

Humans
Serbia/epidemiology
Female
Male
Adult
*Obesity/epidemiology
Prevalence
*Overweight/epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Middle Aged
Body Mass Index
Young Adult
Health Surveys

@article {pmid39868965,
year = {2025},
author = {Grikscheit, K and Berger, A and Rabenau, H and Kohmer, N and Appel, KS and Scherer, M and Bals, R and Blaschke, S and Hamprecht, A and Hopff, SM and Krefting, D and Meybohm, P and Nürnberger, C and Heuschmann, P and Pley, C and Nunes de Miranda, SM and Dahl, E and Jensen, B and Illig, T and Anton, G and Vehreschild, JJ and Ciesek, S},
title = {Occurrence and clinical correlates of SARS-CoV-2 viremia in two German patient cohorts.},
journal = {Emerging microbes & infections},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {2459137},
pmid = {39868965},
issn = {2222-1751},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology/blood/diagnosis ; *Viremia/epidemiology/virology ; Germany/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification/immunology ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Adult ; RNA, Viral/blood ; Cohort Studies ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood ; Severity of Illness Index ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {Viremia defined as detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the blood is a potential marker of disease severity and prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Here, we determined the frequency of viremia in serum of two independent COVID-19 patient cohorts within the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (German: Nationales Pandemie Kohorten Netzwerk, NAPKON) with diagnostic RT-PCR against SARS-CoV-2. A cross-sectional cohort with 1122 COVID-19 patients (German: Sektorenuebergreifende Platform, SUEP) and 299 patients recruited in a high-resolution platform with patients at high risk to develop severe courses (German: Hochaufloesende Plattform, HAP) were tested for viremia. Our study also involved a comprehensive analysis and association of serological, diagnostic, and clinical parameters of the NAPKON medical dataset. Prevalence of viremia at the recruitment visit was 12.8% (SUEP) and 13% (HAP), respectively. Serological analysis revealed that viremic patients had lower levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies as well as lower neutralizing antibodies compared to aviremic patients. Viremia was associated with severity (<0.0001 SUEP; 0.002 HAP) and mortality of COVID-19 (both cohorts <0.0001) compared to aviremic patients. While rare, viremia was also detected in patients with mild disease (0.7%). In patients of the SUEP cohort with acute kidney disease (p = 0.0099) and hematooncological conditions (p = 0.0091), viremia was detected more frequently. Compared to the aviremic group, treatment with immunomodulating drugs as well as elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood was more frequent in the viremic group. In conclusion, our analysis revealed that detectable viremia correlates with hyperinflammatory conditions and higher risk for severe COVID-19 disease.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/virology/blood/diagnosis
*Viremia/epidemiology/virology
Germany/epidemiology
Male
Female
Middle Aged
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification/immunology
Aged
Cross-Sectional Studies
Antibodies, Viral/blood
Adult
RNA, Viral/blood
Cohort Studies
Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
Severity of Illness Index
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid39869900,
year = {2025},
author = {Yeom, JW and Kim, H and Pack, SP and Lee, HJ and Cheong, T and Cho, CH},
title = {Exploring the Psychological and Physiological Insights Through Digital Phenotyping by Analyzing the Discrepancies Between Subjective Insomnia Severity and Activity-Based Objective Sleep Measures: Observational Cohort Study.},
journal = {JMIR mental health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {e67478},
pmid = {39869900},
issn = {2368-7959},
mesh = {Humans ; *Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/physiopathology/psychology/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Severity of Illness Index ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Cohort Studies ; *Sleep/physiology ; Exercise/physiology ; Wearable Electronic Devices ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder affecting millions worldwide, with significant impacts on daily functioning and quality of life. While traditionally assessed through subjective measures such as the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the advent of wearable technology has enabled continuous, objective sleep monitoring in natural environments. However, the relationship between subjective insomnia severity and objective sleep parameters remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to (1) explore the relationship between subjective insomnia severity, as measured by ISI scores, and activity-based objective sleep parameters obtained through wearable devices; (2) determine whether subjective perceptions of insomnia align with objective measures of sleep; and (3) identify key psychological and physiological factors contributing to the severity of subjective insomnia complaints.

METHODS: A total of 250 participants, including both individuals with and without insomnia aged 19-70 years, were recruited from March 2023 to November 2023. Participants were grouped based on ISI scores: no insomnia, mild, moderate, and severe insomnia. Data collection involved subjective assessments through self-reported questionnaires and objective measurements using wearable devices (Fitbit Inspire 3) that monitored sleep parameters, physical activity, and heart rate. The participants also used a smartphone app for ecological momentary assessment, recording daily alcohol consumption, caffeine intake, exercise, and stress. Statistical analyses were used to compare groups on subjective and objective measures.

RESULTS: Results indicated no significant differences in general sleep structure (eg, total sleep time, rapid eye movement sleep time, and light sleep time) among the insomnia groups (mild, moderate, and severe) as classified by ISI scores (all P>.05). Interestingly, the no insomnia group had longer total awake times and lower sleep quality compared with the insomnia groups. Among the insomnia groups, no significant differences were observed regarding sleep structure (all P>.05), suggesting similar sleep patterns regardless of subjective insomnia severity. There were significant differences among the insomnia groups in stress levels, dysfunctional beliefs about sleep, and symptoms of restless leg syndrome (all P≤.001), with higher severity associated with higher scores in these factors. Contrary to expectations, no significant differences were observed in caffeine intake (P=.42) and alcohol consumption (P=.07) between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings demonstrate a discrepancy between subjective perceptions of insomnia severity and activity-based objective sleep parameters, suggesting that factors beyond sleep duration and quality may contribute to subjective sleep complaints. Psychological factors, such as stress, dysfunctional sleep beliefs, and symptoms of restless legs syndrome, appear to play significant roles in the perception of insomnia severity. These results highlight the importance of considering both subjective and objective assessments in the evaluation and treatment of insomnia and suggest potential avenues for personalized treatment strategies that address both psychological and physiological aspects of sleep disturbances.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Research Information Service KCT0009175; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=26133.},
}

Humans
*Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/physiopathology/psychology/diagnosis
Middle Aged
Male
Female
Adult
Severity of Illness Index
Aged
Young Adult
Cohort Studies
*Sleep/physiology
Exercise/physiology
Wearable Electronic Devices
Surveys and Questionnaires
Ecological Momentary Assessment

@article {pmid39870942,
year = {2025},
author = {Lazaro, A and Tiago, I and Mendes, J and Ribeiro, J and Bernardes, A and Oliveira, F and Regateiro, F and Caramelo, F and Silva, H},
title = {Sleeve Gastrectomy and Gastric Bypass Impact in Patient's Metabolic, Gut Microbiome, and Immuno-inflammatory Profiles-A Comparative Study.},
journal = {Obesity surgery},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {733-745},
pmid = {39870942},
issn = {1708-0428},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Gastric Bypass ; *Gastrectomy/methods ; Female ; *Obesity, Morbid/surgery/microbiology/immunology/metabolism ; Prospective Studies ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Weight Loss ; *Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is the most long-term effective treatment option for severe obesity. The role of gut microbiome (GM) in either the development of obesity or in response to obesity management strategies has been a matter of debate. This study aims to compare the impact of two of the most popular procedures, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GB), on metabolic syndrome parameters and gut bacterial microbiome and in systemic immuno-inflammatory response.

METHODS: A prospective observational study enrolled 24 patients with severe obesity, 14 underwent SG and 10 GB. Evaluations before (0 M) and 6 months (6 M) after surgical procedures included clinical and biochemical parameters, expression of 17 immuno-inflammatory genes in peripheral blood leukocytes, and assessment of gut microbiome profile using 16 s rRNA next-generation sequencing approach. Statistical significance was set to a p value < 0.05 with an FDR < 0.1.

RESULTS: A significant and similar decrease in weight-associated parameters and for most metabolic markers was achieved with both surgeries. Considering the gut microbiome in the whole study population, there was an increase in alpha diversity at family-level taxa. Beta diversity between SG and GB at 6 M showed near significant differences (p = 0.042) at genus levels. Analysis of the relative abundance of individual taxonomic groups highlighted differences between pre- and post-surgical treatment and between both approaches, namely, a higher representation of family Enterobacteriaceae and genera Veillonella and Enterobacteriaceae_unclassified after GB. Increased expression of immune-inflammatory genes was observed mainly for SG patients.

CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that SG and GB have similar clinical and metabolic outcomes but different impacts in the gut bacterial microbiome. Results also suggest reactivation of immune response after bariatric surgery.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Gastric Bypass
*Gastrectomy/methods
Female
*Obesity, Morbid/surgery/microbiology/immunology/metabolism
Prospective Studies
Male
Adult
Middle Aged
Weight Loss
*Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid39871100,
year = {2025},
author = {Terauds, A and Lee, JR and Wauchope, HS and Raymond, B and Bergstrom, DM and Convey, P and Mason, C and Patterson, CR and Robinson, SA and Van de Putte, A and Watts, D and Chown, SL},
title = {The biodiversity of ice-free Antarctica database.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {106},
number = {1},
pages = {e70000},
pmid = {39871100},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {n°FR/36/AN1/AntaBIS(EU-LifeWatch)//Belgian Science Policy Office/ ; n°RT/23/ADVANCE//Belgian Science Policy Office/ ; //Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851 Research Fellowship/ ; SRIEAS-SR200100005//Australian Research Council/ ; //Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future/ ; AAS 4296//Australian Antarctic Division/ ; AAS 4297//Australian Antarctic Division/ ; },
mesh = {Antarctic Regions ; *Biodiversity ; *Databases, Factual ; Animals ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Antarctica is one of Earth's most untouched, inhospitable, and poorly known regions. Although knowledge of its biodiversity has increased over recent decades, a diverse, wide-ranging, and spatially explicit compilation of the biodiversity that inhabits Antarctica's permanently ice-free areas is unavailable. This absence hinders both Antarctic biodiversity research and the integration of Antarctica in global biodiversity-related studies. Fundamental and applied research on biodiversity patterns, ecological structure and function, and options for conservation are reliant on spatially resolved, taxonomically consistent observations. Such information is especially important for modern, data-driven biodiversity science, in both Antarctica and globally, and forms the backbone of biodiversity informatics, reflected, for example, in the Darwin Core Standard used by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Biodiversity data are also essential to fulfill the conservation requirements for Antarctica, as set out in the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty and inform the design of systematic surveys to address biodiversity and ecological knowledge gaps, for both specific taxa and ecosystems. Such surveys are key requirements for understanding and mitigating the impacts of environmental change on the region's biodiversity. Here, we address these requirements through the public release of The Biodiversity of Ice-free Antarctica Database. In 2008, we extracted a subset of biodiversity records only from terrestrial ice-free areas from the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) Antarctic Biodiversity Database. We have subsequently added thousands of records from a range of sources: checking, and where necessary (and possible), correcting the spatial location, clarifying, cross-referencing, and harmonizing taxonomy with globally recognized sources, and documenting the original source of records. The Biodiversity of Ice-free Antarctica Database spans the early 1800s to 2019 (with most records collected after 1950) and represents the most comprehensive consolidation of Antarctic ice-free biodiversity occurrence data yet compiled into a single database. The Biodiversity of Ice-free Antarctica Database contains 35,654 records of 1890 species in over 800 genera across six kingdoms and spans all Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions. These data are released under a CC BY Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).},
}

Antarctic Regions
*Biodiversity
*Databases, Factual
Animals
Conservation of Natural Resources

@article {pmid39874571,
year = {2025},
author = {Sahandi Far, M and Fischer, JM and Senge, S and Rathmakers, R and Meissner, T and Schneble, D and Narava, M and Eickhoff, SB and Dukart, J},
title = {Cross-Platform Ecological Momentary Assessment App (JTrack-EMA+): Development and Usability Study.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {e51689},
pmid = {39874571},
issn = {1438-8871},
mesh = {*Mobile Applications/standards ; *Software/standards ; *Self Report ; Pilot Projects ; *Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Adult ; Parents ; *Clinical Studies as Topic/instrumentation ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Traditional in-clinic methods of collecting self-reported information are costly, time-consuming, subjective, and often limited in the quality and quantity of observation. However, smartphone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) provide complementary information to in-clinic visits by collecting real-time, frequent, and longitudinal data that are ecologically valid. While these methods are promising, they are often prone to various technical obstacles. However, despite the potential of smartphone-based EMAs, they face technical obstacles that impact adaptability, availability, and interoperability across devices and operating systems. Deficiencies in these areas can contribute to selection bias by excluding participants with unsupported devices or limited digital literacy, increase development and maintenance costs, and extend deployment timelines. Moreover, these limitations not only impede the configurability of existing solutions but also hinder their adoption for addressing diverse clinical challenges.

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this research was to develop a cross-platform EMA app that ensures a uniform user experience and core features across various operating systems. Emphasis was placed on maximizing the integration and adaptability to various study designs, all while maintaining strict adherence to security and privacy protocols. JTrack-EMA+ was designed and implemented per the FAIR (findable, accessible, interpretable, and reusable) principles in both its architecture and data management layers, thereby reducing the burden of integration for clinicians and researchers.

METHODS: JTrack-EMA+ was built using the Flutter framework, enabling it to run seamlessly across different platforms. This platform comprises two main components. JDash (Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour [INM-7]) is an online management tool created using Python (Python Software Foundation) with the Django (Django Software Foundation) framework. This online dashboard offers comprehensive study management tools, including assessment design, user administration, data quality control, and a reminder casting center. The JTrack-EMA+ app supports a wide range of question types, allowing flexibility in assessment design. It also has configurable assessment logic and the ability to include supplementary materials for a richer user experience. It strongly commits to security and privacy and complies with the General Data Protection Regulations to safeguard user data and ensure confidentiality.

RESULTS: We investigated our platform in a pilot study with 480 days of follow-up to assess participants' compliance. The 6-month average compliance was 49.3%, significantly declining (P=.004) from 66.7% in the first month to 42% in the sixth month.

CONCLUSIONS: The JTrack-EMA+ platform prioritizes platform-independent architecture, providing an easy entry point for clinical researchers to deploy EMA in their respective clinical studies. Remote and home-based assessments of EMA using this platform can provide valuable insights into patients' daily lives, particularly in a population with limited mobility or inconsistent access to health care services.},
}

*Mobile Applications/standards
*Software/standards
*Self Report
Pilot Projects
*Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Adult
Parents
*Clinical Studies as Topic/instrumentation

@article {pmid39888239,
year = {2025},
author = {Giles, EC and González, VL and Carimán, P and Leiva, C and Suescún, AV and Lemer, S and Guillemin, ML and Ortiz-Barrientos, D and Saenz-Agudelo, P},
title = {Comparative Genomics Points to Ecological Drivers of Genomic Divergence Among Intertidal Limpets.},
journal = {Molecular ecology resources},
volume = {25},
number = {4},
pages = {e14075},
doi = {10.1111/1755-0998.14075},
pmid = {39888239},
issn = {1755-0998},
support = {2190878//BECA CONICYT-PCHA/Doctorado Nacional Chile/2019/ ; 1190710//Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico/ ; OIA-1946352//National Science Foundation NSF-EPSCoR/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastropoda/genetics/classification ; *Genomics ; *Genetic Variation ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome ; Transcriptome ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Comparative genomic studies of closely related taxa are important for our understanding of the causes of divergence on a changing Earth. This being said, the genomic resources available for marine intertidal molluscs are limited and currently, there are few publicly available high-quality annotated genomes for intertidal species and for molluscs in general. Here we report transcriptome assemblies for six species of Patellogastropoda and genome assemblies and annotations for three of these species (Scurria scurra, Scurria viridula and Scurria zebrina). Comparative analysis using these genomic resources suggest that and recently diverging lineages (10-20 Mya) have experienced similar amounts of contractions and expansions but across different gene families. Furthermore, differences among recently diverged species are reflected in variation in the amount of coding and noncoding material in genomes, such as amount of repetitive elements and lengths of transcripts and introns and exons. Additionally, functional ontologies of species-specific and duplicated genes together with demographic inference support the finding that recent divergence among members of the genus Scurria aligns with their unique ecological characteristics. Overall, the resources presented here will be valuable for future studies of adaptation in molluscs and in intertidal habitats as a whole.},
}

Animals
*Gastropoda/genetics/classification
*Genomics
*Genetic Variation
*Evolution, Molecular
*Genome
Transcriptome
Ecosystem

@article {pmid39889380,
year = {2025},
author = {Weeks, F and Myerson, R and Gangnon, R and Dykema, J and Cornelius, C and Green, T},
title = {Racial disparities in intrapartum care experiences and birth hospital characteristics.},
journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
volume = {367},
number = {},
pages = {117720},
doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117720},
pmid = {39889380},
issn = {1873-5347},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Pregnancy ; *Healthcare Disparities/ethnology/statistics & numerical data ; Wisconsin ; *Hospitals/statistics & numerical data/standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Racial Groups/statistics & numerical data/ethnology ; Black or African American/statistics & numerical data ; Patient-Centered Care ; Logistic Models ; White ; },
abstract = {Policymakers and researchers have posited intrapartum care as a potential mediator of racial inequities in perinatal outcomes. However, few studies have measured patient-centered quality of intrapartum care or explored differences by race. To address this gap, we developed a survey supplement using cognitive interviewing and administered it to a probability-based race-stratified random sample of people who recently gave birth in Wisconsin in 2020, including oversamples of non-Hispanic Black and Indigenous birthing people. We estimate overall and race-specific prevalences of intrapartum care experiences and use survey-weighted mixed effects ordinal and logistic regression to estimate differences in intrapartum care experiences by race/ethnicity and hospital characteristics. We find significant racial differences in the population prevalence of negative experiences of intrapartum care providers, including disrespect, lack of responsiveness, inclusion in decision-making about care, and pressure to use epidural analgesia. In unadjusted models, both non-Hispanic Indigenous (American Indian/Alaska Native) and non-Hispanic Black respondents had higher odds (than non-Hispanic White birthing people) of reporting several negative intrapartum experiences, including feeling disrespected by providers and experiencing a lower level of care team responsiveness. In adjusted models, Indigenous respondents had significantly higher odds of reporting that intrapartum care providers withheld information, showed disrespect, and were less responsive. Giving birth at a low birth-volume hospital was associated with higher odds of reporting greater participation in decision-making. CONCLUSION: While all birthing people are entitled to respectful and person-centered care, in practice, Indigenous and Black birthing persons are more likely than their white counterparts to endure negative intrapartum experiences including disrespect and lack of responsiveness to their needs. Equitable implementation of person-centered care principles will require concerted efforts to institutionalize practices that preserve patient dignity and autonomy.},
}

Humans
Female
Adult
Pregnancy
*Healthcare Disparities/ethnology/statistics & numerical data
Wisconsin
*Hospitals/statistics & numerical data/standards
Surveys and Questionnaires
*Racial Groups/statistics & numerical data/ethnology
Black or African American/statistics & numerical data
Patient-Centered Care
Logistic Models
White

@article {pmid39897809,
year = {2025},
author = {Milling, M and Rampp, SDN and Triantafyllopoulos, A and Plaza, MP and Brunner, JO and Traidl-Hoffmann, C and Schuller, BW and Damialis, A},
title = {Automating airborne pollen classification: Identifying and interpreting hard samples for classifiers.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {e41656},
pmid = {39897809},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Deep-learning-based classification of pollen grains has been a major driver towards automatic monitoring of airborne pollen. Yet, despite an abundance of available datasets, little effort has been spent to investigate which aspects pose the biggest challenges to the (often black-box- resembling) pollen classification approaches. To shed some light on this issue, we conducted a sample-level difficulty analysis based on the likelihood for one of the largest automatically-generated datasets of pollen grains on microscopy images and investigated the reason for which certain airborne samples and specific pollen taxa pose particular problems to deep learning algorithms. It is here concluded that the main challenges lie in A) the (partly) co-occurring of multiple pollen grains in a single image, B) the occlusion of specific markers through the 2D capturing of microscopy images, and C) for some taxa, a general lack of salient, unique features. Our code is publicly available under https://github.com/millinma/SDPollen.},
}

@article {pmid39897842,
year = {2025},
author = {Loukili, I and Laamrani, A and El Ghorfi, M and El Moutak, S and Ghafiri, A},
title = {Monitoring land changes at an open mine site using remote sensing and multi-spectral indices.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {e41845},
pmid = {39897842},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {This study investigates the growth of mining activities in Benguerir, one of Morocco's largest and fastest-growing phosphate mines and a global leader in phosphate production, using remote sensing and ancillary data. The study examines spatio-temporal changes in land use and land cover (LULC) within this phosphate mining city to analyze the impacts of mining on agricultural areas, built-up lands, and water bodies over time. A series of images from 1984 to 2021 were processed in to assess patterns of change within the city. Five LULC maps were generated using supervised classification with the maximum likelihood method, providing detailed insights into both urban and non-urban transformations during the study period. Classification quality was evaluated using accuracy assessment and the Kappa index. Additionally, multi-spectral indices, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), were simulated and analyzed across four intervals. The results reveal significant variations in LULC and ecological indices over time, which are associated with mining activities, water stress, urban sprawl, and socio-economic changes in the region.These results provide a valuable means for decision-makers and planners to effectively manage the spaces and lands in the future.},
}

@article {pmid39897903,
year = {2025},
author = {Doshi, P and Klas, M and Kyzek, S and Zahoranová, A and Šerá, B},
title = {Investigating the effect of plasma activated water on entomopathogenic nematodes under laboratory conditions.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {e42038},
pmid = {39897903},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Entomopathogenic nematodes are currently being tested for their efficiency in controlling several insect pests. In recent years, non-thermal plasma has been investigated as a state-of-the-art technology for its disinfection/decontamination properties on the seed surface. In addition, it is also used to induce seed germination. In this investigation, the effect of plasma activated water (PAW) was tested on three EPN species, namely Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (1934), S. carpocapsae Weiser (1955), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (1976). Seven different PAW prepared at different treatment times, that is, (1s, 3s, 5s, 10s, 20s, 60s, 90s) were tested directly on the three selected nematode species. Distilled water was used as a control treatment (0s). In the case of H. bacteriophora, significantly higher mortality was observed in PAW preparation times of 5, 10, 20, 60 and 90s compared to the control. In the case of S. feltiae, significantly high mortality was observed for PAW preparation times of 10, 20, 60 and 90s. However, S. carpocapsae was found to have the least sensitivity against all PAW treatments, with a maximum mortality of 14 % (<20 %), indicating the potential synergy between PAW and EPNs. The possibility of combined treatments in the context of integrated pest management is presented and discussed.},
}

@article {pmid39899630,
year = {2025},
author = {Sheen, JK and Kennedy-Shaffer, L and Levy, MZ and Metcalf, CJE},
title = {Design of field trials for the evaluation of transmissible vaccines in animal populations.},
journal = {PLoS computational biology},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {e1012779},
pmid = {39899630},
issn = {1553-7358},
mesh = {Animals ; *Vaccines/immunology ; *Vaccination/veterinary ; Computational Biology ; Research Design ; },
abstract = {Vaccines which can transmit from vaccinated to unvaccinated animals may be especially useful for increasing immunity in hard to reach populations or in populations where achieving high coverage is logistically infeasible. However, gauging the public health utility for future use of such transmissible vaccines and assessing their risk-benefit tradeoff, given their potential for unintended evolution, hinges on accurate estimates of their indirect protective effect. Here, we establish the conditions under which a two-stage randomized field trial can characterize the protective effects of a transmissible vaccine relative to a traditional vaccine. We contrast the sample sizes required to adequately power these trials when the vaccine is weakly and strongly transmissible. We also identify how required sample sizes change based on the characteristics of host ecology such as the overdispersion of the contact structure of the population, as well as the efficacy of the vaccine and timing of vaccination. Our results indicate the range of scenarios where two-stage randomized field trial designs are feasible and appropriate to capture the protective effects of transmissible vaccines. Our estimates identify the protective benefit of using transmissible vaccines compared to traditional vaccines, and thus can be used to weigh against evolutionary risks.},
}

Animals
*Vaccines/immunology
*Vaccination/veterinary
Computational Biology
Research Design

@article {pmid39903560,
year = {2025},
author = {Thomas, GWC and Hughes, JJ and Kumon, T and Berv, JS and Nordgren, CE and Lampson, M and Levine, M and Searle, JB and Good, JM},
title = {The Genomic Landscape, Causes, and Consequences of Extensive Phylogenomic Discordance in Murine Rodents.},
journal = {Genome biology and evolution},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {39903560},
issn = {1759-6653},
support = {RRID:SCR_021757//Cornell University Biotechnology Resource Center BioHPC/ ; //Cornell Center for Vertebrate Genomics/ ; //University of Michigan Museum of Zoology/ ; R35 GM124684/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; DEB-1754096//National Science Foundation/ ; CC-2018112//University of Montana Griz Shared Computing Cluster/ ; MRI-2215705//University of California Riverside HPCC/ ; //Jean Wright Cohn Endowment Fund/ ; //University of Michigan Life Sciences Fellows Program/ ; S10 OD016290/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HD094787/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; //Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/ ; R01-HD094787/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Phylogeny ; Mice/genetics ; *Genome ; Rats/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Rodentia/genetics ; Genomics ; Conserved Sequence ; Selection, Genetic ; Recombination, Genetic ; },
abstract = {A species tree is a central concept in evolutionary biology whereby a single branching phylogeny reflects relationships among species. However, the phylogenies of different genomic regions often differ from the species tree. Although tree discordance is widespread in phylogenomic studies, we still lack a clear understanding of how variation in phylogenetic patterns is shaped by genome biology or the extent to which discordance may compromise comparative studies. We characterized patterns of phylogenomic discordance across the murine rodents-a large and ecologically diverse group that gave rise to the laboratory mouse and rat model systems. Combining recently published linked-read genome assemblies for seven murine species with other available rodent genomes, we first used ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to infer a robust time-calibrated species tree. We then used whole genomes to examine finer-scale patterns of discordance across ∼12 million years of divergence. We found that proximate chromosomal regions tended to have more similar phylogenetic histories. There was no clear relationship between local tree similarity and recombination rates in house mice, but we did observe a correlation between recombination rates and average similarity to the species tree. We also detected a strong influence of linked selection whereby purifying selection at UCEs led to appreciably less discordance. Finally, we show that assuming a single species tree can result in substantial deviation from the results with gene trees when testing for positive selection under different models. Collectively, our results highlight the complex relationship between phylogenetic inference and genome biology and underscore how failure to account for this complexity can mislead comparative genomic studies.},
}

Animals
*Phylogeny
Mice/genetics
*Genome
Rats/genetics
Evolution, Molecular
Rodentia/genetics
Genomics
Conserved Sequence
Selection, Genetic
Recombination, Genetic

@article {pmid39904391,
year = {2025},
author = {Mihaljevic, JR and Páez, DJ},
title = {Systematic shifts in the variation among host individuals must be considered in climate-disease theory.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2040},
pages = {20242515},
pmid = {39904391},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council/ ; //Division of Environmental Biology/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Temperature ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Animals ; Population Dynamics ; Models, Biological ; Disease Susceptibility ; },
abstract = {To make more informed predictions of host-pathogen interactions under climate change, studies have incorporated the thermal performance of host, vector and pathogen traits into disease models to quantify effects on average transmission rates. However, this body of work has omitted the fact that variation in susceptibility among individual hosts affects disease spread and long-term patterns of host population dynamics. Furthermore, and especially for ectothermic host species, variation in susceptibility is likely to be plastic, influenced by variables such as environmental temperature. For example, as host individuals respond idiosyncratically to temperature, this could affect the population-level variation in susceptibility, such that there may be predictable functional relationships between variation in susceptibility and temperature. Quantifying the relationship between temperature and among-host trait variation will therefore be critical for predicting how climate change and disease will interact to influence host-pathogen population dynamics. Here, we use a model to demonstrate how short-term effects of temperature on the distribution of host susceptibility can drive epidemic characteristics, fluctuations in host population sizes and probabilities of host extinction. Our results emphasize that more research is needed in disease ecology and climate biology to understand the mechanisms that shape individual trait variation, not just trait averages.},
}

*Climate Change
Temperature
*Host-Pathogen Interactions
Animals
Population Dynamics
Models, Biological
Disease Susceptibility

@article {pmid39906497,
year = {2025},
author = {Palande, S and Arsenault, J and Basurto-Lozada, P and Bleich, A and Brown, BNI and Buysse, SF and Connors, NA and Das Adhikari, S and Dobson, KC and Guerra-Castillo, FX and Guerrero-Carrillo, MF and Harlow, S and Herrera-Orozco, H and Hightower, AT and Izquierdo, P and Jacobs, M and Johnson, NA and Leuenberger, W and Lopez-Hernandez, A and Luckie-Duque, A and Martínez-Avila, C and Mendoza-Galindo, EJ and Plancarte, DC and Schuster, JM and Shomer, H and Sitar, SC and Steensma, AK and Thomson, JE and Villaseñor-Amador, D and Waterman, R and Webster, BM and Whyte, M and Zorilla-Azcué, S and Montgomery, BL and Husbands, AY and Krishnan, A and Percival, S and Munch, E and VanBuren, R and Chitwood, DH and Rougon-Cardoso, A},
title = {Expression-based machine learning models for predicting plant tissue identity.},
journal = {Applications in plant sciences},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {e11621},
pmid = {39906497},
issn = {2168-0450},
abstract = {PREMISE: The selection of Arabidopsis as a model organism played a pivotal role in advancing genomic science. The competing frameworks to select an agricultural- or ecological-based model species were rejected, in favor of building knowledge in a species that would facilitate genome-enabled research.

METHODS: Here, we examine the ability of models based on Arabidopsis gene expression data to predict tissue identity in other flowering plants. Comparing different machine learning algorithms, models trained and tested on Arabidopsis data achieved near perfect precision and recall values, whereas when tissue identity is predicted across the flowering plants using models trained on Arabidopsis data, precision values range from 0.69 to 0.74 and recall from 0.54 to 0.64.

RESULTS: The identity of belowground tissue can be predicted more accurately than other tissue types, and the ability to predict tissue identity is not correlated with phylogenetic distance from Arabidopsis. k-nearest neighbors is the most successful algorithm, suggesting that gene expression signatures, rather than marker genes, are more valuable to create models for tissue and cell type prediction in plants.

DISCUSSION: Our data-driven results highlight that the assertion that knowledge from Arabidopsis is translatable to other plants is not always true. Considering the current landscape of abundant sequencing data, we should reevaluate the scientific emphasis on Arabidopsis and prioritize plant diversity.},
}

@article {pmid39907430,
year = {2025},
author = {Hebert, JD and Tang, YJ and Szamecz, M and Andrejka, L and Lopez, SS and Petrov, DA and Boross, G and Winslow, MM},
title = {Combinatorial In Vivo Genome Editing Identifies Widespread Epistasis and an Accessible Fitness Landscape During Lung Tumorigenesis.},
journal = {Molecular biology and evolution},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {39907430},
issn = {1537-1719},
support = {P30 CA124435/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA230025/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA231253/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA234349/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Epistasis, Genetic ; Animals ; Mice ; *Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; *Carcinogenesis/genetics ; *Gene Editing ; Genetic Fitness ; *Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics ; },
abstract = {Lung adenocarcinoma, the most common subtype of lung cancer, is genomically complex, with tumors containing tens to hundreds of non-synonymous mutations. However, little is understood about how genes interact with each other to enable the evolution of cancer in vivo, largely due to a lack of methods for investigating genetic interactions in a high-throughput and quantitative manner. Here, we employed a novel platform to generate tumors with inactivation of pairs of ten diverse tumor suppressor genes within an autochthonous mouse model of oncogenic KRAS-driven lung cancer. By quantifying the fitness of tumors with every single and double mutant genotype, we show that most tumor suppressor genetic interactions exhibited negative epistasis, with diminishing returns on tumor fitness. In contrast, Apc inactivation showed positive epistasis with the inactivation of several other genes, including synergistic effects on tumor fitness in combination with Lkb1 or Nf1 inactivation. Sign epistasis was extremely rare, suggesting a surprisingly accessible fitness landscape during lung tumorigenesis. These findings expand our understanding of the interactions that drive tumorigenesis in vivo.},
}

*Epistasis, Genetic
Animals
Mice
*Lung Neoplasms/genetics
*Carcinogenesis/genetics
*Gene Editing
Genetic Fitness
*Adenocarcinoma of Lung/genetics

@article {pmid39910401,
year = {2025},
author = {Fatima, M and Butt, I and MohammadEbrahimi, S and Kiani, B and Gruebner, O},
title = {Spatiotemporal clusters of acute respiratory infections associated with socioeconomic, meteorological, and air pollution factors in South Punjab, Pakistan.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {469},
pmid = {39910401},
issn = {1471-2458},
mesh = {Pakistan/epidemiology ; Humans ; Socioeconomic Factors ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology ; *Air Pollution/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Incidence ; *Meteorological Concepts ; Acute Disease ; Weather ; Female ; Male ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In Pakistan, acute respiratory infections (ARI) continue to be a major public health problem. However, there is still a lack of scholarly work regarding different environmental and socioeconomic influencing factors and how they interact with respiratory infections. Furthermore, we do not know much about geographic variation in this context. Therefore, our study examines the ecological-level spatial and temporal patterns of acute respiratory infection incidence (ARI) and their geographic relationship with selected socio-economic, meteorological, and air pollution factors in Pakistan.

METHODS: We applied the spatiotemporal scan statistics to examine the purely temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal clusters of ARI in South Punjab, Pakistan for five years (2016-2020). Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were also applied to model the linear and non-linear spatial relationships between selected variables and ARI.

RESULTS: Our results indicate that in the central and northern regions of Pakistan, two spatial clusters of ARI were present, accounting for 28.5% of the total cases. A spatiotemporal cluster with a relative risk of 1.57 was discovered in the northeastern area. The results obtained from the season-based GLM highlighted the significance of climatic factors (temperature, fog, dust storms) and air pollutants (NO2) in influencing ARI incidence, while socio-economic variables (rural population, literacy) had limited impact. In addition, GWR revealed that the relationships between predictors and ARI incidence varied across locations, emphasizing the importance of considering local settings. Season-based non-stationary GLM revealed a multifaceted interaction among socio-economic, meteorological, and air pollution factors.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence about environmental and socio-economic factors significantly associated with ARI incidence. In addition, this study provides the first baseline of ARI cases in Pakistan to plan for intervention and adaptation strategies and may be replicated in other regions of comparable settings worldwide.},
}

Pakistan/epidemiology
Humans
Socioeconomic Factors
*Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology
*Air Pollution/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Incidence
*Meteorological Concepts
Acute Disease
Weather
Female
Male
Risk Factors

@article {pmid39915771,
year = {2025},
author = {Gould, E and Fraser, HS and Parker, TH and Nakagawa, S and Griffith, SC and Vesk, PA and Fidler, F and Hamilton, DG and Abbey-Lee, RN and Abbott, JK and Aguirre, LA and Alcaraz, C and Aloni, I and Altschul, D and Arekar, K and Atkins, JW and Atkinson, J and Baker, CM and Barrett, M and Bell, K and Bello, SK and Beltrán, I and Berauer, BJ and Bertram, MG and Billman, PD and Blake, CK and Blake, S and Bliard, L and Bonisoli-Alquati, A and Bonnet, T and Bordes, CNM and Bose, APH and Botterill-James, T and Boyd, MA and Boyle, SA and Bradfer-Lawrence, T and Bradham, J and Brand, JA and Brengdahl, MI and Bulla, M and Bussière, L and Camerlenghi, E and Campbell, SE and Campos, LLF and Caravaggi, A and Cardoso, P and Carroll, CJW and Catanach, TA and Chen, X and Chik, HYJ and Choy, ES and Christie, AP and Chuang, A and Chunco, AJ and Clark, BL and Contina, A and Covernton, GA and Cox, MP and Cressman, KA and Crotti, M and Crouch, CD and D'Amelio, PB and de Sousa, AA and Döbert, TF and Dobler, R and Dobson, AJ and Doherty, TS and Drobniak, SM and Duffy, AG and Duncan, AB and Dunn, RP and Dunning, J and Dutta, T and Eberhart-Hertel, L and Elmore, JA and Elsherif, MM and English, HM and Ensminger, DC and Ernst, UR and Ferguson, SM and Fernandez-Juricic, E and Ferreira-Arruda, T and Fieberg, J and Finch, EA and Fiorenza, EA and Fisher, DN and Fontaine, A and Forstmeier, W and Fourcade, Y and Frank, GS and Freund, CA and Fuentes-Lillo, E and Gandy, SL and Gannon, DG and García-Cervigón, AI and Garretson, AC and Ge, X and Geary, WL and Géron, C and Gilles, M and Girndt, A and Gliksman, D and Goldspiel, HB and Gomes, DGE and Good, MK and Goslee, SC and Gosnell, JS and Grames, EM and Gratton, P and Grebe, NM and Greenler, SM and Griffioen, M and Griffith, DM and Griffith, FJ and Grossman, JJ and Güncan, A and Haesen, S and Hagan, JG and Hager, HA and Harris, JP and Harrison, ND and Hasnain, SS and Havird, JC and Heaton, AJ and Herrera-Chaustre, ML and Howard, TJ and Hsu, BY and Iannarilli, F and Iranzo, EC and Iverson, ENK and Jimoh, SO and Johnson, DH and Johnsson, M and Jorna, J and Jucker, T and Jung, M and Kačergytė, I and Kaltz, O and Ke, A and Kelly, CD and Keogan, K and Keppeler, FW and Killion, AK and Kim, D and Kochan, DP and Korsten, P and Kothari, S and Kuppler, J and Kusch, JM and Lagisz, M and Lalla, KM and Larkin, DJ and Larson, CL and Lauck, KS and Lauterbur, ME and Law, A and Léandri-Breton, DJ and Lembrechts, JJ and L'Herpiniere, K and Lievens, EJP and de Lima, DO and Lindsay, S and Luquet, M and MacLeod, R and Macphie, KH and Magellan, K and Mair, MM and Malm, LE and Mammola, S and Mandeville, CP and Manhart, M and Manrique-Garzon, LM and Mäntylä, E and Marchand, P and Marshall, BM and Martin, CA and Martin, DA and Martin, JM and Martinig, AR and McCallum, ES and McCauley, M and McNew, SM and Meiners, SJ and Merkling, T and Michelangeli, M and Moiron, M and Moreira, B and Mortensen, J and Mos, B and Muraina, TO and Murphy, PW and Nelli, L and Niemelä, P and Nightingale, J and Nilsonne, G and Nolazco, S and Nooten, SS and Novotny, JL and Olin, AB and Organ, CL and Ostevik, KL and Palacio, FX and Paquet, M and Parker, DJ and Pascall, DJ and Pasquarella, VJ and Paterson, JH and Payo-Payo, A and Pedersen, KM and Perez, G and Perry, KI and Pottier, P and Proulx, MJ and Proulx, R and Pruett, JL and Ramananjato, V and Randimbiarison, FT and Razafindratsima, OH and Rennison, DJ and Riva, F and Riyahi, S and Roast, MJ and Rocha, FP and Roche, DG and Román-Palacios, C and Rosenberg, MS and Ross, J and Rowland, FE and Rugemalila, D and Russell, AL and Ruuskanen, S and Saccone, P and Sadeh, A and Salazar, SM and Sales, K and Salmón, P and Sánchez-Tójar, A and Santos, LP and Santostefano, F and Schilling, HT and Schmidt, M and Schmoll, T and Schneider, AC and Schrock, AE and Schroeder, J and Schtickzelle, N and Schultz, NL and Scott, DA and Scroggie, MP and Shapiro, JT and Sharma, N and Shearer, CL and Simón, D and Sitvarin, MI and Skupien, FL and Slinn, HL and Smith, GP and Smith, JA and Sollmann, R and Whitney, KS and Still, SM and Stuber, EF and Sutton, GF and Swallow, B and Taff, CC and Takola, E and Tanentzap, AJ and Tarjuelo, R and Telford, RJ and Thawley, CJ and Thierry, H and Thomson, J and Tidau, S and Tompkins, EM and Tortorelli, CM and Trlica, A and Turnell, BR and Urban, L and Van de Vondel, S and van der Wal, JEM and Van Eeckhoven, J and van Oordt, F and Vanderwel, KM and Vanderwel, MC and Vanderwolf, KJ and Vélez, J and Vergara-Florez, DC and Verrelli, BC and Vieira, MV and Villamil, N and Vitali, V and Vollering, J and Walker, J and Walker, XJ and Walter, JA and Waryszak, P and Weaver, RJ and Wedegärtner, REM and Weller, DL and Whelan, S and White, RL and Wolfson, DW and Wood, A and Yanco, SW and Yen, JDL and Youngflesh, C and Zilio, G and Zimmer, C and Zimmerman, GM and Zitomer, RA},
title = {Same data, different analysts: variation in effect sizes due to analytical decisions in ecology and evolutionary biology.},
journal = {BMC biology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {35},
pmid = {39915771},
issn = {1741-7007},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ecology/methods ; *Biological Evolution ; Eucalyptus/growth & development ; },
abstract = {Although variation in effect sizes and predicted values among studies of similar phenomena is inevitable, such variation far exceeds what might be produced by sampling error alone. One possible explanation for variation among results is differences among researchers in the decisions they make regarding statistical analyses. A growing array of studies has explored this analytical variability in different fields and has found substantial variability among results despite analysts having the same data and research question. Many of these studies have been in the social sciences, but one small "many analyst" study found similar variability in ecology. We expanded the scope of this prior work by implementing a large-scale empirical exploration of the variation in effect sizes and model predictions generated by the analytical decisions of different researchers in ecology and evolutionary biology. We used two unpublished datasets, one from evolutionary ecology (blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus, to compare sibling number and nestling growth) and one from conservation ecology (Eucalyptus, to compare grass cover and tree seedling recruitment). The project leaders recruited 174 analyst teams, comprising 246 analysts, to investigate the answers to prespecified research questions. Analyses conducted by these teams yielded 141 usable effects (compatible with our meta-analyses and with all necessary information provided) for the blue tit dataset, and 85 usable effects for the Eucalyptus dataset. We found substantial heterogeneity among results for both datasets, although the patterns of variation differed between them. For the blue tit analyses, the average effect was convincingly negative, with less growth for nestlings living with more siblings, but there was near continuous variation in effect size from large negative effects to effects near zero, and even effects crossing the traditional threshold of statistical significance in the opposite direction. In contrast, the average relationship between grass cover and Eucalyptus seedling number was only slightly negative and not convincingly different from zero, and most effects ranged from weakly negative to weakly positive, with about a third of effects crossing the traditional threshold of significance in one direction or the other. However, there were also several striking outliers in the Eucalyptus dataset, with effects far from zero. For both datasets, we found substantial variation in the variable selection and random effects structures among analyses, as well as in the ratings of the analytical methods by peer reviewers, but we found no strong relationship between any of these and deviation from the meta-analytic mean. In other words, analyses with results that were far from the mean were no more or less likely to have dissimilar variable sets, use random effects in their models, or receive poor peer reviews than those analyses that found results that were close to the mean. The existence of substantial variability among analysis outcomes raises important questions about how ecologists and evolutionary biologists should interpret published results, and how they should conduct analyses in the future.},
}

Animals
*Ecology/methods
*Biological Evolution
Eucalyptus/growth & development

@article {pmid39917311,
year = {2025},
author = {Lysholm, S and Chaters, GL and Di Bari, C and Hughes, EC and Huntington, B and Rushton, J and Thomas, L},
title = {A framework for quantifying the multisectoral burden of animal disease to support decision making.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1476505},
pmid = {39917311},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {Animal diseases have wide-ranging impacts in multiple societal arenas, including agriculture, public health and the environment. These diseases cause significant economic losses for farmers, disrupt food security and present zoonotic risks to human populations. Additionally, they contribute to antimicrobial resistance and a range of environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions. The societal and ecological costs of livestock diseases are frequently underrepresented or unaddressed in policy decisions and resource allocations. Social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) offers a comprehensive framework to evaluate the broad impacts of animal diseases across different sectors. This approach aligns with the One Health concept, which seeks to integrate and optimize the health of humans, animals and the environment. Traditional economic evaluations often focus narrowly on profit maximization within the livestock sector, neglecting wider externalities such as public health and environmental impacts. In contrast, SCBA takes a multi-sectoral whole-system view, considering multiple factors to guide public and private sector investments toward maximizing societal benefits. This paper discusses three separate sector specific (Animal health, Human health, Environmental health) methodologies for quantifying the burden of animal diseases. It then discusses how these estimates can be combined to generate multisectoral estimates of the impacts of animal diseases on human societies and the environment using monetary values. Finally this paper explores how this framework can support the evaluation of interventions from a One Health perspective though SCBA. This integrated assessment framework supports informed decision-making and resource allocation, ultimately contributing to improved public health outcomes, enhanced animal welfare, and greater environmental sustainability.},
}

@article {pmid39918865,
year = {2025},
author = {Astill Wright, L and Moore, M and Reeves, S and Vallejos, EP and Morriss, R},
title = {Improving the Utility, Safety, and Ethical Use of a Passive Mood-Tracking App for People With Bipolar Disorder Using Coproduction: Qualitative Focus Group Study.},
journal = {JMIR formative research},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e65140},
pmid = {39918865},
issn = {2561-326X},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Bipolar Disorder/psychology/therapy ; Male ; Female ; *Mobile Applications/ethics ; Focus Groups ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Qualitative Research ; *Affect ; Telemedicine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coproduction with users of new digital technology, such as passive mood monitoring, is likely to improve its utility, safety, and successful implementation via improved design and consideration of how such technology fits with their daily lives. Mood-monitoring interventions are commonly used by people with bipolar disorder (BD) and have promising potential for digitization using novel technological methods.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore how a passive behavioral monitoring platform, Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse, would meet the needs of people with BD by specifically considering purpose and function, diversity of need, personal preference, essential components and potential risks, and harms and mitigation strategies through an iterative coproduction process.

METHODS: A total of 17 people with BD were recruited via national charities. We conducted 3 web-based focus groups as a part of an iterative coproduction process in line with responsible research and innovation principles and with consideration of clinical challenges associated with BD. Data were analyzed thematically. Results were cross-checked by someone with lived experience of BD.

RESULTS: Focus groups were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Six themes were identified as follows: (1) the purpose of using the app, (2) desired features, (3) when to use the app, (4) risks of using the app, (5) sharing with family and friends, and (6) sharing with health care professionals.

CONCLUSIONS: People with BD who are interested in using passive technology to monitor their mood wish to do so for a wide variety of purposes, identifying several preferences and potential risks. Principally, people with BD wished to use this novel technology to aid them in self-managing their BD with greater insight and a better understanding of potential triggers. We discuss key features that may aid this functionality and purpose, including crisis plans and sharing with others. Future development of passive mood-monitoring technologies should not assume that the involvement of formal mental health services is desired.},
}

Humans
*Bipolar Disorder/psychology/therapy
Male
Female
*Mobile Applications/ethics
Focus Groups
Adult
Middle Aged
Qualitative Research
*Affect
Telemedicine

@article {pmid39921816,
year = {2025},
author = {Asuako, PAG and Stojan, R and Bock, O and Mack, M and Voelcker-Rehage, C},
title = {Multitasking: does task-switching add to the effect of dual-tasking on everyday-like driving behavior?.},
journal = {Cognitive research: principles and implications},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {5},
pmid = {39921816},
issn = {2365-7464},
support = {SPP 1772//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Male ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Adolescent ; *Automobile Driving/psychology ; *Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; *Executive Function/physiology ; *Multitasking Behavior/physiology ; Reaction Time/physiology ; *Attention/physiology ; },
abstract = {It is well established that performing multiple tasks simultaneously (dual-tasking) or sequentially (task-switching) degrades performance on one or both tasks. However, it is unknown whether task-switching adds to the effects of dual-tasking in a single setup. We investigated this in a simulated everyday-like car driving scenario. We expected an additive effect of task-switching on dual-tasking, leading to a stronger deterioration of driving performance due to the increased cognitive load required to handle multiple task-sets. Forty-five young adults aged 18 to 30 years (age: 23.62 ± 2.51, 28 females) were instructed to follow a lead car driving at a constant speed of 70 km/h through a rural landscape while concurrently performing additional tasks. The additional tasks were typing and arguing, in response to stimuli presented visually or auditorily. The tasks were presented either in separate blocks or in intermixed order (conditions: repetitive vs. switching). Driving performance was assessed by use of the average velocity and the standard deviation of lateral position, and performance in the additional tasks was assessed by reaction time. Linear-mixed effect models revealed better performance in the repetitive, compared to the switch condition only for the standard deviation of the lateral lane position while performing the additional typing task. This provides limited evidence for the view that task-switching adds to the challenges of dual-tasking. We therefore posit that already dual-tasking alone involves processing demands that are not substantially increased by adding switching demands.},
}

Humans
Female
Male
Young Adult
Adult
Adolescent
*Automobile Driving/psychology
*Psychomotor Performance/physiology
*Executive Function/physiology
*Multitasking Behavior/physiology
Reaction Time/physiology
*Attention/physiology

@article {pmid39923291,
year = {2025},
author = {de Melo, LRS and Dos Santos Pereira, J and Melo, MS and Andrade, LA and Bezerra-Santos, M and Lima, CA and Dos Santos, AD},
title = {Spatial and temporal dynamic of colorectal cancer mortality in Brazil: A nationwide population-based study of four decades (1980-2021).},
journal = {Cancer epidemiology},
volume = {95},
number = {},
pages = {102766},
doi = {10.1016/j.canep.2025.102766},
pmid = {39923291},
issn = {1877-783X},
mesh = {Humans ; Brazil/epidemiology ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Mortality/trends ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Regardless of being preventable through screening strategies and prompt diagnosis, deaths from colorectal cancer (CRC) still represent a serious public health concern in Brazil, with more than 20 thousand deaths annually. Herein, we aimed to assess the temporal trends and spatiotemporal patterns of CRC mortality in all Brazilian states.

METHODS: An ecological study using temporal and spatial analysis techniques on deaths due to CRC as the underlying cause in Brazil from 1980 to 2021 was conducted. Death certificate and population data were provided by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), respectively.

RESULTS: A total of 395,782 deaths from CRC were recorded in this period and most of them were in female (205,479; 51.92 %), ≥ 65 years old (233,059; 58.89 %), diagnosed with malignant neoplasm of the colon (212,277; 53.63 %), with 1-7 years of education (157.564; 39.81 %), married (192.276; 48.58 %), hospital as place of death (331.393; 83.73 %) and white (212.666; 65.07 %). Moreover, there was an increasing temporal trend in the Northeast region (APC: 2.6; p < 0.05), men (APC: 1.5; p < 0.05) and 45-64 years old (APC: 1.2; p < 0.05). Also, the spatial analysis showed positive spatial autocorrelation in all periods, with the South and Southeast regions presenting the highest concentration of high-risk clusters CRC deaths. Nevertheless, high-risk clusters were also observed in capitals and municipalities in metropolitan regions in the Northeast region.

CONCLUSIONS: In general, a temporal and spatial expansion of CRC mortality has been observed in Brazil over the last few decades.},
}

Humans
Brazil/epidemiology
*Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality
Female
Male
Middle Aged
Aged
Adult
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Mortality/trends
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid39923474,
year = {2025},
author = {Lucca, E and Kofinas, D and Avellán, T and Kleemann, J and Mooren, CE and Blicharska, M and Teutschbein, C and Sperotto, A and Sušnik, J and Milliken, S and Fader, M and Đorđević, D and Dašić, T and Vasilić, V and Taiwo, B and Baubekova, A and Pineda-Martos, R and Spyropoulou, A and Baganz, GFM and El Jeitany, J and Oral, HV and Merheb, M and Castelli, G and Pagano, A and Sambo, B and Suškevičs, M and Arnold, M and Rađenović, T and Psomas, A and Masia, S and La Jeunesse, I and Amorocho-Daza, H and Das, SS and Bresci, E and Munaretto, S and Brouwer, F and Laspidou, C},
title = {Integrating "nature" in the water-energy-food Nexus: Current perspectives and future directions.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {966},
number = {},
pages = {178600},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178600},
pmid = {39923474},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Integrated approaches for managing natural resources are said to meet increasing demand for water, energy, and food, while maintaining the integrity of ecosystems, and ensuring equitable access to resources. The Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus has been proposed as a cross-sectoral approach to manage trade-offs and exploit synergies that arise among these sectors. Although not initially included as a component of the Nexus, the role of nature in sustaining the water, energy, and food sectors and in regulating their interrelationships is increasingly recognised by Nexus researchers and practitioners. To converge existing approaches that integrate nature into the WEF Nexus and suggest a common framework, we - an interdisciplinary group of natural resources management researchers and systems thinkers from the European research network NEXUSNET COST Action - followed a collaborative process of knowledge creation combining literature review, elicitation of expert opinion and collaborative writing. Our results reveal a multiplicity of concepts utilised in the literature to represent, partially or fully, "nature" in the Nexus, such as "environment", "ecosystems", "ecosystem services", "social-ecological systems", and "biodiversity". Disparity was also found in the role attributed to nature, represented by three key paradigms: (1) ecosystems as the fourth component of an expanded Nexus, i.e., the WEF-Ecosystems (WEFE) Nexus; (2) ecosystems as a foundational layer to the Nexus; and (3) the WEF Nexus as a central component of social-ecological systems (SES). By creating a hybrid approach that brings together the benefits of the respective paradigms, we present a forward-looking WEFE Nexus conceptualisation. This paradigm expands the mutual interlinkages among water, energy and food to the entirety of SES, thus acknowledging the social-ecological processes that are affected by and affect the WEF Nexus. The results of this collaborative research effort intend to provide researchers and stakeholders with means to better understand and ultimately manage Nexus issues towards a transformative change.},
}

@article {pmid39928107,
year = {2025},
author = {Güneri, FD and Karaarslan, F and Özen, H and Odabaşi, E},
title = {Medical mud-pack treatment with different temperatures in patients with knee osteoarthritis.},
journal = {International journal of biometeorology},
volume = {69},
number = {9},
pages = {2071-2080},
pmid = {39928107},
issn = {1432-1254},
mesh = {Humans ; *Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; *Mud Therapy/methods ; Temperature ; Pain Measurement ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {To compare the effects of medical mud-pack (MMP) treatments applied at different temperatures on the pain and joint functions of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Kellgren Lawrence (KL) stage 3 or 4 KOA patients were included and randomized into three groups. Patients in groups 1, 2, and 3 took MMP treatment to both knees at 39 °C, 42 °C, and 45 °C, respectively. The treatment was performed for 12 days (only weekdays) and was 30 min long per day. The same blinded physician evaluated the patients at baseline and at the end of the treatment. The assessments were done before and after the intervention. The primary outcome was to achieve a minimal clinically important improvement (MCII) for KOA (decrease of at least 19 mm (-40.8%) on the VAS for pain, a decrease of 18.3 mm (-39%) on the patient's global assessment (PGA), and/or a decrease of at least 9.1 points (-26%) on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index function subscale (WOMAC-FS). Secondary outcomes were pain (VAS), patient's global assessment (VAS), physician's global assessment (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Patient's health state, Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS). 217 patients were analyzed. Groups 1, 2, and 3 had 68, 81,68 patients, respectively. The MCII measurement revealed that MMP treatment did not show a significant difference between groups 2 and 3 (p > 0.05). Also, it was observed that more patients in groups 2 and 3 reached the MCII compared to group 1 (p < 0.001). For the secondary outcomes, significant improvements were observed within-group evaluations for each of the three groups (p < 0.001). Between groups comparisons, the improvements at the end of the treatment were found to be superior for group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1 (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between groups 2 and 3 for any parameters (p > 0.05). The number of patients who achieved the PASS was statistically lower for group 1 compared to groups 2 and 3 (p < 0.001). We observed significant improvements in all groups after treatment. The main result, as measured by MCII, suggests that MMP treatments at 42-45 °C is more effective than at 39 °C in managing severe KOA patients' pain and functional status. We found no significant difference in pain and joint function improvement between 42 °C and 45 °C after MMP.},
}

Humans
*Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy
Male
Female
Middle Aged
Aged
*Mud Therapy/methods
Temperature
Pain Measurement
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid39929026,
year = {2025},
author = {Song, J and Zhou, S and Kwan, MP and Song, G and Long, J and Song, W},
title = {The time-lagged effect of noise exposure on noise annoyance: The role of temporal, spatial and social contexts.},
journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
volume = {368},
number = {},
pages = {117817},
doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117817},
pmid = {39929026},
issn = {1873-5347},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; *Noise/adverse effects ; Adult ; *Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; Time Factors ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {While some research has examined the time-lagged effect of restorative soundscape in specific contexts (e.g., parks), how the time-lagged effect of noise annoyance during people's daily activities may vary across different temporal, spatial, and social contexts remains largely unknown. To address this research gap, we utilized Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) data to measure people's real-time noise annoyance and activity diary data to assess their time-lagged noise annoyance. Real-time noise exposure was captured by portable noise sensors. We employed fixed effects ordered panel logistic regression to examine the effects of different thresholds of noise levels on people's time-lagged noise annoyance, and how it varied across different temporal, spatial, and social contexts. The results indicated that: (1) there were significant time-lagged effects between participants' real-time noise exposure and their time-lagged noise annoyance; (2) participants' time-lagged noise annoyance associated with an activity was influenced by its temporal, spatial, and social contexts, particularly on weekdays; (3) participants' time-lagged noise annoyance was significantly associated with measured noise levels, with the highest coefficient for 65 dB, followed by 70 dB; and (4) there were significant interaction effects between noise levels and temporal-spatial-social contexts on participants' time-lagged noise annoyance (particularly when noise levels exceeded 70 dB). These findings enhance our understanding and have crucial implications for the implementation of noise control policies, which should consider not only noise levels but also the time-lagged effects of noise, particularly on weekdays, at outdoor recreational activity sites, as well as the potential vulnerabilities of individuals experiencing noise exposure in isolation.},
}

Humans
Male
Female
Ecological Momentary Assessment
*Noise/adverse effects
Adult
*Environmental Exposure/adverse effects
Time Factors
Middle Aged

@article {pmid39931107,
year = {2024},
author = {Boyes, D and Murray, C and , and , and , and , and , and , and , },
title = {The genome sequence of the Bird-cherry Ermine moth, Yponomeuta evonymella (Linnaeus, 1758).},
journal = {Wellcome open research},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {618},
pmid = {39931107},
issn = {2398-502X},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {We present a genome assembly from an individual female Yponomeuta evonymella (the Bird-cherry Ermine; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Yponomeutidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 572.70 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the trivalent sex chromosomes Z 1, Z 2 and W. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.16 kilobases in length.},
}

@article {pmid39934908,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, L and Simopoulos, CMA and Serrana, JM and Ning, Z and Li, Y and Sun, B and Yuan, J and Figeys, D and Li, L},
title = {PhyloFunc: phylogeny-informed functional distance as a new ecological metric for metaproteomic data analysis.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {50},
pmid = {39934908},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {201906015034//China Scholarship Council/ ; TECHNOMISE Program//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; 32370050//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Phylogeny ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Animals ; Mice ; *Proteomics/methods ; Humans ; *Bacteria/classification/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Beta-diversity is a fundamental ecological metric for exploring dissimilarities between microbial communities. On the functional dimension, metaproteomics data can be used to quantify beta-diversity to understand how microbial community functional profiles vary under different environmental conditions. Conventional approaches to metaproteomic functional beta-diversity often treat protein functions as independent features, ignoring the evolutionary relationships among microbial taxa from which different proteins originate. A more informative functional distance metric that incorporates evolutionary relatedness is needed to better understand microbiome functional dissimilarities.

RESULTS: Here, we introduce PhyloFunc, a novel functional beta-diversity metric that incorporates microbiome phylogeny to inform on metaproteomic functional distance. Leveraging the phylogenetic framework of weighted UniFrac distance, PhyloFunc innovatively utilizes branch lengths to weigh between-sample functional distances for each taxon, rather than differences in taxonomic abundance as in weighted UniFrac. Proof of concept using a simulated toy dataset and a real dataset from mouse inoculated with a synthetic gut microbiome and fed different diets show that PhyloFunc successfully captured functional compensatory effects between phylogenetically related taxa. We further tested a third dataset of complex human gut microbiomes treated with five different drugs to compare PhyloFunc's performance with other traditional distance methods. PCoA and machine learning-based classification algorithms revealed higher sensitivity of PhyloFunc in microbiome responses to paracetamol. We provide PhyloFunc as an open-source Python package (available at https://pypi.org/project/phylofunc/), enabling efficient calculation of functional beta-diversity distances between a pair of samples or the generation of a distance matrix for all samples within a dataset.

CONCLUSIONS: Unlike traditional approaches that consider metaproteomics features as independent and unrelated, PhyloFunc acknowledges the role of phylogenetic context in shaping the functional landscape in metaproteomes. In particular, we report that PhyloFunc accounts for the functional compensatory effect of taxonomically related species. Its effectiveness, ecological relevance, and enhanced sensitivity in distinguishing group variations are demonstrated through the specific applications presented in this study. Video Abstract.},
}

*Phylogeny
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics
Animals
Mice
*Proteomics/methods
Humans
*Bacteria/classification/genetics

@article {pmid39936843,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, KK and Backonja, U},
title = {Digital health equity frameworks and key concepts: a scoping review.},
journal = {Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA},
volume = {32},
number = {5},
pages = {932-944},
pmid = {39936843},
issn = {1527-974X},
support = {//The MITRE Innovation Program/ ; //MITRE Corporation/ ; //MITRE Innovation Program/ ; },
mesh = {*Health Equity ; Humans ; *Telemedicine ; Digital Health ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Digital health equity, the opportunity for all to engage with digital health tools to support good health outcomes, is an emerging priority across the world. The field of digital health equity would benefit from a comprehensive and systematic understanding of digital health, digital equity, and health equity, with a focus on real-world applications. We conducted a scoping review to identify and describe published frameworks and concepts relevant to digital health equity interventions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of published peer-reviewed literature guided by the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. We searched 5 databases for frameworks related to or applied to digital health or equity interventions. Using deductive and inductive approaches, we analyzed frameworks and concepts based on the socio-ecological model.

RESULTS: Of the 910 publications initially identified, we included 44 (4.8%) publications in our review that described 42 frameworks that sought to explain the ecosystem of digital and/or health equity, but none were comprehensive. From the frameworks we identified 243 concepts grouped into 43 categories including characteristics of individuals, communities, and organizations; societal context; perceived value of the intervention by and impacts on individuals, community members, and the organization; partnerships; and access to digital health services, in-person services, digital services, and data and information, among others.

DISCUSSION: We suggest a consolidated definition of digital health equity, highlight illustrative frameworks, and suggest concepts that may be needed to enhance digital health equity intervention development and evaluation.

CONCLUSION: The expanded understanding of frameworks and relevant concepts resulting from this study may inform communities and stakeholders who seek to achieve digital inclusion and digital health equity.},
}

*Health Equity
Humans
*Telemedicine
Digital Health

@article {pmid39938295,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhuo, W and Wu, N and Shi, R and Cui, Y and Zhang, C and Liu, S and Zhu, F and Zhang, B and Liu, P},
title = {Assessing the impacts of reclamation and invasion on ecological dynamics of coastal wetland vegetation in the Yangtze Estuary from 1985 to 2019:A case study of Chongming Island, China.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {376},
number = {},
pages = {124505},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124505},
pmid = {39938295},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Wetlands ; China ; *Estuaries ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {The distribution of coastal wetland vegetation is influenced by biological invasions, human reclamations and climate changes, which continually reshape vegetation structures. However, limited attention has been given to the impact of biological invasion on native vegetation and tidal wetlands. This study focuses on the wetlands of Chongming Island, employing a multi-feature dataset combining spectral, phenological, and temporal information on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Using the Random Forest (RF) classification method, we analyzed annual vegetation distribution changes and examined the distinct effects of natural and anthropogenic factors. The research results indicate that: (1) From 1985 to 2019, the total area of Chongming Island expanded, while wetland vegetation decreased due to embankment construction and island connection projects. (2) The total area of wetland vegetation on Chongming Island dropped to its lowest point in 2002 (3812.76 ha), and then gradually recovered. (3) Human reclamation was the primary driver of vegetation changes from 1985 to 1995. (4) Vegetation distribution in Dongtan was influenced by both human and natural factors, whereas Beiliuyao affected by the invasion and expansion of the S. alterniflor. These findings provide valuable insights into the drivers of long-term vegetation distribution changes, offering essential data and theoretical support for sustainable development and management of Chongming Island's ecosystems.},
}

*Wetlands
China
*Estuaries
*Introduced Species
Ecosystem
*Conservation of Natural Resources
Humans
Climate Change

@article {pmid39945053,
year = {2025},
author = {Tittes, S and Lorant, A and McGinty, SP and Holland, JB and de Jesus Sánchez-González, J and Seetharam, A and Tenaillon, M and Ross-Ibarra, J},
title = {The population genetics of convergent adaptation in maize and teosinte is not locally restricted.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39945053},
issn = {2050-084X},
support = {1822330//National Science Foundation/ ; 1238014//National Science Foundation/ ; CA-D-PLS-2066-H 548//U.S. Department of Agriculture/ ; },
mesh = {*Genetics, Population ; *Zea mays/genetics ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Gene Flow ; Genetic Variation ; Inbreeding ; Mutation ; Selection, Genetic ; Sympatry/genetics ; },
abstract = {What is the genetic architecture of local adaptation and what is the geographic scale over which it operates? We investigated patterns of local and convergent adaptation in five sympatric population pairs of traditionally cultivated maize and its wild relative teosinte (Zea mays subsp. parviglumis). We found that signatures of local adaptation based on the inference of adaptive fixations and selective sweeps are frequently exclusive to individual populations, more so in teosinte compared to maize. However, for both maize and teosinte, selective sweeps are also frequently shared by several populations, and often between subspecies. We were further able to infer that selective sweeps were shared among populations most often via migration, though sharing via standing variation was also common. Our analyses suggest that teosinte has been a continued source of beneficial alleles for maize, even after domestication, and that maize populations have facilitated adaptation in teosinte by moving beneficial alleles across the landscape. Taken together, our results suggest local adaptation in maize and teosinte has an intermediate geographic scale, one that is larger than individual populations but smaller than the species range.},
}

*Genetics, Population
*Zea mays/genetics
*Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
Gene Flow
Genetic Variation
Inbreeding
Mutation
Selection, Genetic
Sympatry/genetics

@article {pmid39948527,
year = {2025},
author = {Rakshasa-Loots, AM and Steyn, C and Swiffen, D and Marwick, KFM and Semple, RK and Reynolds, RM and Burgess, K and Lawrie, SM and Lightman, SL and Luz, S and Smith, DJ},
title = {Metabolic biomarkers of clinical outcomes in severe mental illness (METPSY): protocol for a prospective observational study in the Hub for metabolic psychiatry.},
journal = {BMC psychiatry},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {122},
pmid = {39948527},
issn = {1471-244X},
support = {MR/Z503563/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Biomarkers/blood ; *Bipolar Disorder/metabolism/blood ; *Major Depressive Disorder/metabolism/blood ; Metabolomics ; Prospective Studies ; *Schizophrenia/metabolism/blood ; Scotland ; Observational Studies as Topic ; },
abstract = {People with severe mental illness have high rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic dysfunction may be causally linked to the risk of severe mental illness. However, more research is needed to identify reliable metabolic markers which may have an impact on mental health outcomes, and to determine the mechanisms behind their impact. In the METPSY research study, we will investigate the relationship between metabolic markers and clinical outcomes of severe mental illness in young adults. We will recruit 120 young adults aged 16-25 years living in Scotland with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or no severe mental illness (controls) for a prospective observational study. We will assess clinical symptoms at three in-person visits (baseline, 6 months, and 12 months) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, and collect blood samples at each of these visits for agnostic profiling of metabolic biomarkers through an untargeted metabolomic screen, using the rapid hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography ion mobility mass spectrometry method (RHIMMS). Participants will also complete remote assessments at 3 and 9 months after the baseline visit: Ecological Momentary Assessments to measure mental health, wrist actigraphy to measure rhythms of rest and activity, and continuous glucose monitoring to measure metabolic changes. Throughout the 12-month enrolment period, we will also measure objective markers of sleep using a radar sleep monitor (Somnofy). Using advanced statistical techniques and machine learning analysis, we will seek to better understand the mechanisms linking metabolic health with mental health in young adults with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe depression. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
Female
Humans
Male
Young Adult
Biomarkers/blood
*Bipolar Disorder/metabolism/blood
*Major Depressive Disorder/metabolism/blood
Metabolomics
Prospective Studies
*Schizophrenia/metabolism/blood
Scotland
Observational Studies as Topic

@article {pmid39949385,
year = {2023},
author = {Lohse, K and , and , and , and Vila, R and , },
title = {The genome sequence of the Common Blue, Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775).},
journal = {Wellcome open research},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {72},
pmid = {39949385},
issn = {2398-502X},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {We present a genome assembly from an individual male Polyommatus icarus (the Common Blue; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). The genome sequence is 512 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 23 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the assembled Z chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.6 kilobases long. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 13,350 protein-coding genes.},
}

@article {pmid39952461,
year = {2025},
author = {Shi, W and Lu, P and Yang, H and Han, J and Wang, Q},
title = {Quantifying the relative importance of natural and human factors on vegetation dynamics in China's western frontiers during 2010-2021.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {271},
number = {},
pages = {121120},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.121120},
pmid = {39952461},
issn = {1096-0953},
mesh = {China ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Humans ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; *Plant Development ; },
abstract = {Vegetation is a core component of terrestrial ecosystems, thus understanding the drivers of its dynamics is crucial for ecological conservation and management, especially in regions rich in natural resources but ecologically fragile. Here, we examined vegetation cover changes in China's western frontiers and quantified the relative importance of key drivers of vegetation dynamics. First, we employed the Dimidiate Pixel Model (DPM) via Google Earth Engine (GEE) to estimate fractional vegetation cover (FVC), followed by trend analysis using the Theil-Sen median and Mann-Kendall methods to examine FVC dynamics from 2010 to 2021. Next, we applied the optimal parameter-based geographic detector (OPGD) to further assess the impact of natural (ie., temperature, precipitation, and elevation) and human (ie., land use and population density) factors on FVC. Our results revealed that approximately 61.26% of the vegetation-covered regions in China's western frontiers have shown improvement. In Xinjiang, population density, land use, and precipitation were the primary drivers of FVC changes, with Q values exceeding 0.20. In Xizang, precipitation, elevation, temperature, and land use changes were the dominant drivers, with Q values greater than 0.30. Furthermore, interactions between natural and human factors significantly influenced FVC variation. Our findings have the potential to provide references for promoting sustainable vegetation management in western China.},
}

China
*Conservation of Natural Resources
Humans
*Ecosystem
*Environmental Monitoring
*Plant Development

@article {pmid39952543,
year = {2025},
author = {Chaemsaithong, P and Romero, R and Pongchaikul, P and Warintaksa, P and Mongkolsuk, P and Bhuwapathanapun, M and Kotchompoo, K and Nimsamer, P and Kruasuwan, W and Amnuaykiatlert, O and Vivithanaporn, P and Meyyazhagan, A and Awonuga, A and Settacomkul, R and Singhsnaeh, A and Laolerd, W and Santanirand, P and Thaipisuttikul, I and Wongsurawat, T and Jenjaroenpun, P},
title = {The rapid diagnosis of intraamniotic infection with nanopore sequencing.},
journal = {American journal of obstetrics and gynecology},
volume = {233},
number = {3},
pages = {193.e1-193.e18},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajog.2025.02.011},
pmid = {39952543},
issn = {1097-6868},
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; *Amniotic Fluid/microbiology/chemistry ; *Chorioamnionitis/diagnosis/microbiology ; Prospective Studies ; Adult ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Nanopore Sequencing ; Interleukin-6/analysis/metabolism ; Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes/microbiology ; Obstetric Labor, Premature/microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intraamniotic infection (defined as intraamniotic inflammation with microorganisms) is an important cause of the preterm labor syndrome. Methods for the detection of microorganisms in amniotic fluid are culture and/or polymerase chain reaction assay. However, both methods take time, and the results are rarely available for clinical decision-making. Nanopore sequencing technology offers real-time, long-read sequencing that can produce rapid results.

OBJECTIVE: To determine 1) the diagnostic performance of the 16S rDNA nanopore sequencing method for the identification of microorganisms in patients with intraamniotic inflammation and 2) the relationship between microbial burden and the intensity of the amniotic fluid inflammatory response.

STUDY DESIGN: We performed a prospective cohort study that included singleton pregnancies presenting with symptoms of preterm labor with intact membranes or of preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained for the evaluation of bacteria in the amniotic cavity using cultivation and polymerase chain reaction-based 16S Sanger sequencing methods. Participants were classified into 4 groups according to the results of an amniotic fluid culture, 16S Sanger sequencing, and an amniotic fluid interleukin 6 concentration: 1) no intraamniotic infection and intraamniotic inflammation (interleukin 6 <2.6 ng/mL, and no microorganisms in the amniotic cavity, as determined by culture or 16S Sanger sequencing); 2) microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity without intraamniotic inflammation, defined by the presence of bacteria detected by culture or 16S Sanger sequencing; 3) sterile intraamniotic inflammation (interleukin 6 ≥2.6 ng/mL without microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity); and 4) intraamniotic infection (interkeukin 6 ≥2.6 ng/mL with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity). Patients who underwent a mid-trimester amniocentesis, had no intraamniotic infection or intraamniotic inflammation, and delivered at term represented the control group. 16S rDNA nanopore sequencing was performed and the diagnostic indices for the identification of intraamniotic infection were determined. Bioinformatic analysis was carried out to identify microorganisms, and a read count of at least 100 or a read count exceeding that of the background species from the control group, along with a relative abundance of no less than 1%, was used.

RESULTS: 1) The 16S nanopore sequencing had a sensitivity of 88.9% (8/9), specificity of 95.4% (41/43), positive predictive value of 80.0% (8/10), negative predictive value of 97.6% (41/42), positive likelihood ratio of 19.1 (95% confidence interval, 4.8-75.4), negative likelihood ratio of 0.1 (95% confidence interval, 0.02-0.7), and an accuracy of 94.2% (49/52) for the identification of intraamniotic infection (prevalence, 17% [9/52]); 2) the microbial load determined by the 16S nanopore sequencing had a strong positive correlation with the intensity of an intraamniotic inflammatory response (amniotic fluid interleukin 6 concentration; Spearman's correlation 0.9; P=.002); and 3) a subgroup of patients with intraamniotic inflammation did not have bacteria determined by culture, Sanger sequencing, or nanopore 16S, thus confirming the existence of sterile intraamniotic inflammation.

CONCLUSION: The 16S nanopore sequencing has high diagnostic indices, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and accuracy in the diagnosis of intraamniotic infection.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
Female
*Amniotic Fluid/microbiology/chemistry
*Chorioamnionitis/diagnosis/microbiology
Prospective Studies
Adult
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
*Nanopore Sequencing
Interleukin-6/analysis/metabolism
Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes/microbiology
Obstetric Labor, Premature/microbiology
Polymerase Chain Reaction
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis/microbiology

@article {pmid39952648,
year = {2025},
author = {Siddiqui, JA and Fan, R and Liu, Y and Syed, AH and Benlin, Y and Chu, Q and Ding, Z and Ghani, MI and Liu, X and Wakil, W and Liu, DD and Chen, X and Cernava, T and Smagghe, G},
title = {The larval gut of Spodoptera frugiperda harbours culturable bacteria with metabolic versatility after insecticide exposure.},
journal = {Insect molecular biology},
volume = {34},
number = {3},
pages = {452-469},
doi = {10.1111/imb.12983},
pmid = {39952648},
issn = {1365-2583},
support = {32360705//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 31960555//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; GCC[2023]070//Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program/ ; HZJD[2022]001//Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program/ ; 2019-1410//Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Program/ ; [2023]1-4//Guiyang Science and Technology Program/ ; D20023//Program for Introducing Talents to Chinese Universities/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Spodoptera/microbiology/growth & development/drug effects ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Larva/microbiology/drug effects/growth & development ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; *Bacteria/drug effects/genetics/classification/metabolism/isolation & purification ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; },
abstract = {Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) poses a substantial risk to crops worldwide, resulting in considerable economic damage. The gut microbiota of insects plays crucial roles in digestion, nutrition, immunity, growth and, sometimes, the degradation of insecticides. The current study examines the effect of synthetic insecticides on the gut microbiome of third instar S. frugiperda larvae using both culture-dependent techniques and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for bacterial community profiling and diversity analysis. In untreated larvae, the sequencing approach revealed a diverse microbiome dominated by the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, with key genera including Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium and Pelomonas. In parallel, 323 bacterial strains were isolated and assigned to the orders Bacillales, Burkholderiales, Enterobacterales, Flavobacteriales, Lactobacillales, Micrococcales, Neisseriaies, Pseudomonadales, Sphingobacteriales and Xanthomonadales. The prevailing culturable species included Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella variicola and Enterobacter quasiroggenkampii. Treatment with sublethal concentrations of three insecticides (broflanilide, spinosad and indoxacarb) caused significant changes in gut microbiome diversity and composition. Treated larvae showed a shift towards increased Proteobacteria abundance and decreased Firmicutes. Specifically, Acinetobacter and Rhodococcus were dominant in treated samples. Functional predictions highlighted significant metabolic versatility involving nutrient processing, immune response, detoxification, xenobiotic metabolism, and stress response, suggesting microbial adaptation to insecticide exposure. Network correlation analysis highlighted disrupted microbial interactions and altered community structures under insecticide treatment. These findings enhance our understanding of how insecticides impact the gut microbiota in S. frugiperda and may inform future strategies for managing pest resistance through microbiome-based approaches.},
}

Animals
*Spodoptera/microbiology/growth & development/drug effects
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Larva/microbiology/drug effects/growth & development
*Insecticides/pharmacology
*Bacteria/drug effects/genetics/classification/metabolism/isolation & purification
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics

@article {pmid39955351,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Y and Yang, Y and Yang, S and Zhang, J},
title = {Pollution control mechanism of national water network with water quality differences based on differential game and case study.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {5588},
pmid = {39955351},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {51679089//National Nature Science Foundation of China/ ; 51679089//National Nature Science Foundation of China/ ; 51679089//National Nature Science Foundation of China/ ; 51679089//National Nature Science Foundation of China/ ; GXJD004//Intelligent Water Conservancy Project of the Discipline Innovation Introduction Base of Henan Province, China/ ; GXJD004//Intelligent Water Conservancy Project of the Discipline Innovation Introduction Base of Henan Province, China/ ; GXJD004//Intelligent Water Conservancy Project of the Discipline Innovation Introduction Base of Henan Province, China/ ; GXJD004//Intelligent Water Conservancy Project of the Discipline Innovation Introduction Base of Henan Province, China/ ; },
abstract = {The construction of the national water network optimizes water resource allocation but also causes a redistribution of pollutants due to water quality differences, posing urgent challenges for water pollution management. Taking the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and Yangtze-to-Hanjiang River Water Diversion Project (YHRWDP) as an example and considering the pressure brought by the redistribution of pollutants to the polluting enterprises (PE) and water diversion enterprises (WDE) situated in areas where pollution is aggravated, a differential game model of pollution control among the central government, water-supply area (WSA), PE and WDE is constructed based on the cost-sharing mechanism. The results show that: (1) The pressure coefficient has an apparent negative correlation with the effort level of the affected subject. (2) An increase in the amount of pollution elimination per unit of pollution control effort of WSA and PE will lead to their own investment in more efforts to improve the ecology of the basin, thus benefiting all participants in the system. (3) The cost-sharing rate of the central government on the WSA of the YHRWDP, the PE, and the WDE is influenced by several factors, which shows a stable monotonically increasing or decreasing relation. The results are an useful supplement to the research on natural river pollution control, and can also provide a reference for designing pollution control mechanisms of national water network.},
}

@article {pmid39957502,
year = {2025},
author = {Latini, L and Burini, G and Mazza, V and Grignani, G and De Donno, R and Bello, E and Tricarico, E and Malavasi, S and Nascetti, G and Canestrelli, D and Carere, C},
title = {Early-life environment shapes claw bilateral asymmetry in the European lobster (Homarus gammarus).},
journal = {Biology open},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {39957502},
issn = {2046-6390},
support = {//Universite degli Studi della Tuscia/ ; //Universite degli Studi di Firenze/ ; //Universite Ca' Foscari Venezia/ ; //University of Florence/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Nephropidae/growth & development/anatomy & histology/physiology ; *Environment ; *Hoof and Claw/anatomy & histology/growth & development ; },
abstract = {Developmental plasticity refers to an organism's ability to adjust its development in response to changing environmental conditions, leading to changes in behaviour, physiology, or morphology. This adaptability is crucial for survival and helps organisms to cope with environmental challenges throughout their lives. Understanding the mechanisms underlying developmental plasticity, particularly how environmental and ontogenetic factors shape functional traits, is fundamental for both evolutionary biology and conservation efforts. In this study we investigated the effects of early-life environmental conditions on the development of claw asymmetry in juvenile European lobsters (Homarus gammarus, N=244), a functional trait essential for survival and ecological success. Juveniles were randomly divided between four different rearing conditions characterized by the presence or absence of physical enrichments (e.g. substrate and shelters), which were introduced at different developmental stages in separated groups to assess the timing and nature of their effect. Results revealed that exposure to substrate alone, without additional stimuli, consistently promoted claw asymmetry, regardless of the timing of its introduction, while the 6th developmental stage emerged as the critical period for claw differentiation. By identifying the environmental factors that influence developmental outcomes in lobsters, and the timing of these effects, this study improves our understanding of developmental plasticity and offers valuable insights for optimizing conservation aquaculture and reintroduction strategies.},
}

Animals
*Nephropidae/growth & development/anatomy & histology/physiology
*Environment
*Hoof and Claw/anatomy & histology/growth & development

@article {pmid39963041,
year = {2025},
author = {Lima-Cordón, R and Mohabir, JT and Sooklall, M and Zurita, AM and Shieh, M and Knox, C and Gobran, S and Johnson, Z and Laws, M and Panchal, R and Niles-Robin, R and Cox, H and Grillet, ME and Moreno, JE and Herrera, S and Quinones, M and Early, AM and Tennessen, JA and Neafsey, DE},
title = {A Short-Read Amplicon Sequencing Protocol and Bioinformatic Pipeline for Ecological Surveillance of Dipteran Disease Vectors.},
journal = {Molecular ecology resources},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {e14088},
pmid = {39963041},
issn = {1755-0998},
support = {U19 AI110818/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U19AI110818//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services/ ; INV-009416/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; INV-009416/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Computational Biology/methods ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; *Diptera/genetics/classification ; *Insect Vectors/classification/genetics/parasitology ; Anopheles/genetics/parasitology/classification ; Humans ; *Disease Vectors ; },
abstract = {Vector control remains an important strategy worldwide to prevent human infection with pathogens transmitted by arthropods. Vector control strategies rely on accurate identification of vector taxa along with vector-specific biological indicators such as feeding ecology, infection prevalence and insecticide resistance. Multiple 'DNA barcoding' protocols have been published over the past several decades to support these applications, generally relying on informal manual approaches such as BLAST to assign taxonomic identity to the resulting sequences. We present a standardised informatic pipeline for analysis of DNA barcoding data from dipteran vectors, VecTreeID, that uses short-read amplicon sequencing (AmpSeq) coupled with sequence similarity assessment (BLAST) and an evolutionary placement algorithm (EPA-ng) to achieve vector taxonomic identification, capture bionomic features (blood and plant meal sources), determine Plasmodium infection status (for anopheline mosquitoes) and detect target-site insecticide resistance mutations. The VecTreeID pipeline provides uncertainty in assignment through identifications at varying levels of taxonomic rank, a feature missing from many approaches to DNA barcoding, but important given gaps and labelling problems in public sequence databases. We validated an Illumina-based implementation of VecTreeID on laboratory and field samples, and find that the blood meal amplicons can detect vertebrate DNA sequences up to 36 h post-feeding, and that short-read sequencing data are capable of sensitively detecting minor sequences in DNA mixtures representing multi-species blood or nectar meals. This high-throughput VecTreeID approach empowers researchers and public health professionals to survey and control arthropod disease vectors consistently and effectively.},
}

Animals
*Computational Biology/methods
*DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods
*Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
*Diptera/genetics/classification
*Insect Vectors/classification/genetics/parasitology
Anopheles/genetics/parasitology/classification
Humans
*Disease Vectors

@article {pmid39969100,
year = {2025},
author = {Miller, L and Beaney, T and Hope, R and Cunningham, M and Robotham, JV and Pouwels, KB and Costelloe, CE},
title = {General practice antibiotic prescriptions attributable to respiratory syncytial virus by age and antibiotic class: an ecological analysis of the English population.},
journal = {The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy},
volume = {80},
number = {4},
pages = {1116-1126},
pmid = {39969100},
issn = {1460-2091},
support = {//University of Oxford/ ; NIHR200915//UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA)/ ; //National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Royal Marsden/ ; //Institute of Cancer Research Biomedical Research Centre/ ; //Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance/ ; 2016-10-95//NIHR/ ; MRF-145-0004-TPG-AVISO//Medical Research Foundation National PhD Training Programme in Antimicrobial Resistance Research/ ; /WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; //National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU)/ ; //National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/classification ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Aged ; England/epidemiology ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/virology ; *General Practice/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; *Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data ; Age Factors ; Infant, Newborn ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data ; Aged, 80 and over ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) may contribute to a substantial volume of antibiotic prescriptions in primary care. However, data on the type of antibiotics prescribed for such infections are only available for children <5 years in the UK. Understanding the contribution of RSV to antibiotic prescribing would facilitate predicting the impact of RSV preventative measures on antibiotic use and resistance. The objective of this study was to estimate the proportion of antibiotic prescriptions in English general practice attributable to RSV by age and antibiotic class.

METHODS: Generalized additive models examined associations between weekly counts of general practice antibiotic prescriptions and laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections from 2015 to 2018, adjusting for temperature, practice holidays and remaining seasonal confounders. We used general practice records from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and microbiology tests for RSV, influenza, rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae from England's Second Generation Surveillance System.

RESULTS: An estimated 2.1% of antibiotics were attributable to RSV, equating to an average of 640 000 prescriptions annually. Of these, adults ≥75 years contributed to the greatest volume, with an annual average of 149 078 (95% credible interval: 93 733-206 045). Infants 6-23 months had the highest average annual rate at 6580 prescriptions per 100 000 individuals (95% credible interval: 4522-8651). Most RSV-attributable antibiotic prescriptions were penicillins, macrolides or tetracyclines. Adults ≥65 years had a wider range of antibiotic classes associated with RSV compared with younger age groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to reduce the burden of RSV, particularly in older adults, could complement current strategies to reduce antibiotic use in England.},
}

Humans
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/classification
*Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology
Infant
Child, Preschool
Aged
England/epidemiology
Adult
Middle Aged
*Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy/virology
*General Practice/statistics & numerical data
Young Adult
Child
Male
Female
Adolescent
*Drug Prescriptions/statistics & numerical data
Age Factors
Infant, Newborn
Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data
Aged, 80 and over

@article {pmid39973045,
year = {2025},
author = {Panayi, P and Contreras, A and Peters, E and Bentall, R and Hardy, A and Berry, K and Sellwood, W and Dudley, R and Longden, E and Underwood, R and Steel, C and Jafari, H and Mason, L and Varese, F},
title = {A temporal network analysis of complex post-traumatic stress disorder and psychosis symptoms.},
journal = {Psychological medicine},
volume = {55},
number = {},
pages = {e43},
pmid = {39973045},
issn = {1469-8978},
support = {2488414//Economic and Social Research Council/ ; NIHR128623//Health Technology Assessment Programme/ ; //NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/psychology/physiopathology ; *Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology/psychology/physiopathology ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Comorbidity ; Ecological Momentary Assessment ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Symptoms of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (cPTSD) may play a role in the maintenance of psychotic symptoms. Network analyses have shown interrelationships between post-traumatic sequelae and psychosis, but the temporal dynamics of these relationships in people with psychosis and a history of trauma remain unclear. We aimed to explore, using network analysis, the temporal order of relationships between symptoms of cPTSD (i.e. core PTSD and disturbances of self-organization [DSOs]) and psychosis in the flow of daily life.

METHODS: Participants with psychosis and comorbid PTSD (N = 153) completed an experience-sampling study involving multiple daily assessments of psychosis (paranoia, voices, and visions), core PTSD (trauma-related intrusions, avoidance, hyperarousal), and DSOs (emotional dysregulation, interpersonal difficulties, negative self-concept) over six consecutive days. Multilevel vector autoregressive modeling was used to estimate three complementary networks representing different timescales.

RESULTS: Our between-subjects network suggested that, on average over the testing period, most cPTSD symptoms related to at least one positive psychotic symptom. Many average relationships persist in the contemporaneous network, indicating symptoms of cPTSD and psychosis co-occur, especially paranoia with hyperarousal and negative self-concept. The temporal network suggested that paranoia reciprocally predicted, and was predicted by, hyperarousal, negative self-concept, and emotional dysregulation from moment to moment. cPTSD did not directly relate to voices in the temporal network.

CONCLUSIONS: cPTSD and positive psychosis symptoms mutually maintain each other in trauma-exposed people with psychosis via the maintenance of current threat, consistent with cognitive models of PTSD. Current threat, therefore, represents a valuable treatment target in phased-based trauma-focused psychosis interventions.},
}

Humans
*Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology/psychology/physiopathology
*Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology/psychology/physiopathology
Male
Adult
Female
Middle Aged
Young Adult
Comorbidity
Ecological Momentary Assessment

@article {pmid39974046,
year = {2025},
author = {Slack, SD and Esquinca, E and Arehart, CH and Boorgula, MP and Szczesny, B and Romero, A and Campbell, M and Chavan, S and Rafaels, N and Watson, H and Landis, RC and Hansel, NN and Rotimi, CN and Olopade, CO and Figueiredo, CA and Ober, C and Liu, AH and Kenny, EE and Kammers, K and Ruczinski, I and Taub, MA and Daya, M and Gignoux, CR and Kechris, K and Barnes, KC and Mathias, RA and Johnson, RK},
title = {Prediction and Characterization of Genetically Regulated Expression of Target Tissues in Asthma.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39974046},
support = {R01 AI132476/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL104608/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Genetic control of gene expression in asthma-related tissues is not well-characterized, particularly for African-ancestry populations, limiting advancement in our understanding of the increased prevalence and severity of asthma in those populations.

OBJECTIVE: To create novel transcriptome prediction models for asthma tissues (nasal epithelium and CD4+ T cells) and apply them in transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) to discover candidate asthma genes.

METHODS: We developed and validated gene expression prediction databases for unstimulated CD4+ T cells (CD4+T) and nasal epithelium using an elastic net framework. Combining these with existing prediction databases (N=51), we performed TWAS of 9,284 individuals of African-ancestry to identify tissue-specific and cross-tissue candidate genes for asthma. For detailed Methods, please see the Supplemental Methods.

RESULTS: Novel databases for CD4+T and nasal epithelial gene expression prediction contain 8,351 and 10,296 genes, respectively, including four asthma loci (SCGB1A1, MUC5AC, ZNF366, LTC4S) not predictable with existing public databases. Prediction performance was comparable to existing databases and was most accurate for populations sharing ancestry with the training set (e.g. African ancestry). From TWAS, we identified 17 candidate causal asthma genes (adjusted P<0.1), including genes with tissue-specific (IL33 in nasal epithelium) and cross-tissue (CCNC and FBXW7) effects.

CONCLUSIONS: Expression of IL33, CCNC, and FBXW7 may affect asthma risk in African ancestry populations by mediating inflammatory responses. The addition of CD4+T and nasal epithelium prediction databases to the public sphere will improve ancestry representation and power to detect novel gene-trait associations from TWAS.},
}

@article {pmid39975655,
year = {2025},
author = {Gutiérrez, ME and Lahoz-Beltrá, R and Donayre-Torres, AJ},
title = {Editorial: Towards the embedding of artificial intelligence into synthetic organisms: engineering intelligence in microorganisms.},
journal = {Frontiers in genetics},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1562092},
doi = {10.3389/fgene.2025.1562092},
pmid = {39975655},
issn = {1664-8021},
}

@article {pmid39980161,
year = {2025},
author = {Smith, AR and Mueller, ER and Lewis, CE and Markland, A and Smerdon, C and Smith, AL and Sutcliffe, S and Wyman, JF and Low, LK and Miller, JM and , },
title = {Assessment of Environmental, Sociocultural, and Physiological Influences on Women's Toileting Decisions and Behaviors Using "Where I Go": Pilot Study of a Mobile App.},
journal = {JMIR mHealth and uHealth},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e56533},
pmid = {39980161},
issn = {2291-5222},
support = {P30 CA046592/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U24 DK106786/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DK106858/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DK106892/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DK106893/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DK106827/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DK106908/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DK106898/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DK126045/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DK106853/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Mobile Applications/standards/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Pilot Projects ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; *Decision Making ; Aged, 80 and over ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Urination ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Little is known about women's decisions around toileting for urination and how those decisions influence moment-to-moment behaviors to manage bladder needs. The new smartphone app "Where I Go" captures such nuanced and granular data in real-world environments.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe participant engagement with "Where I Go", variation in novel parameters collected, and readiness for the data collection tool's use in population-based studies.

METHODS: "Where I Go" has three components: (1) real-time data, (2) short look-back periods (3-4 h), and (3) event location (GPS recorded at each interaction). The sample size was 44 women. Recording of real-time toileting events and responding to look-back questions was measured over 2 days of data collection. The participant's self-entered location descriptions and the automatic GPS recordings were compared.

RESULTS: A total of 44 women with an average age of 44 (range 21-85) years interacted with the app. Real-time reporting of at least 1 toileting event per day was high (38/44, 86%, on day 1 and 40/44, 91%, on day 2) with a median of 5 (IQR 3-7 on day 1 and IQR 3-8 on day 2) toileting events recorded each day. Toileting most commonly occurred at home (85/140, 61%, on day 1 and 129/171, 75%, on day 2) due to a need to go (114/140, 66%, on day 1 and 153/171, 74%, on day 2). The most common reasons for delaying toileting were "work duties" (33/140, 21%, on day 1 and 21/171, 11%, on day 2) and "errands or traveling" (19/140, 12%, on day 1 and 19/171, 10%, on day 2). Response to at least 1 look-back notification was similarly high (41/44, 93%, on day 1 and 42/44, 95%, on day 2), with number of responses higher on average on day 2 compared with day 1 (mean on day 1=3.2, 95% CI 3.0-3.5; mean on day 2=4.3, 95% CI 3.9-4.7; P<.001). Median additional toileting events reported on the look-back survey were 1 (IQR 1-2) and 2 (IQR 1-2) on days 1 and 2, respectively. Overall concordance between self-reported location recording and GPS was 76% (188/247). Participants reported lower urge ratings when at home versus away when reporting real-time toileting (median rating 61, IQR 41-84 vs 72, IQR 56-98), and daily fluid intake showed a small to medium positive correlation with toileting frequency (day 1 r=0.3, day 2 r=0.24). Toileting frequency reported in "Where I Go" showed a small positive correlation with the frequency item from the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire (r=0.31 with day 1 toileting frequency and r=0.21 with day 2 toileting frequency).

CONCLUSIONS: "Where I Go" has potential to increase the understanding of factors that affect women's toileting decisions and long-term bladder health. We anticipate its use as a data collection tool in population-based studies.},
}

Humans
Female
*Mobile Applications/standards/statistics & numerical data
Adult
Pilot Projects
Middle Aged
Aged
*Decision Making
Aged, 80 and over
Surveys and Questionnaires
*Urination

@article {pmid39980689,
year = {2025},
author = {Su, Z and Liu, L and Zhang, J and Guo, J and Wang, G and Zeng, X},
title = {A scientometric visualization analysis of the gut microbiota and gestational diabetes mellitus.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1485560},
pmid = {39980689},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a condition that is widespread globally, is increasing. The relationship between the gut microbiota and GDM has been a subject of research for nearly two decades, yet there has been no bibliometric analysis of this correlation. This study aimed to use bibliometrics to explore the relationship between the gut microbiota and GDM, highlighting emerging trends and current research hotspots in this field.

RESULTS: A total of 394 papers were included in the analysis. China emerged as the preeminent nation in terms of the number of publications on the subject, with 128 papers (32.49%), whereas the United States had the most significant impact, with 4,874 citations. The University of Queensland emerged as the most prolific institution, contributing 18 publications. Marloes Dekker Nitert was the most active author with 16 publications, and Omry Koren garnered the most citations, totaling 154. The journal Nutrients published the most studies (28 publications, 7.11%), whereas PLoS One was the most commonly co-cited journal, with a total of 805 citations. With respect to keywords, research focuses can be divided into 4 clusters, namely, "the interrelationship between the gut microbiota and pregnancy, childbirth," "the relationship between adverse metabolic outcomes and GDM," "the gut microbiota composition and metabolic mechanisms" and "microbiota and ecological imbalance." Key areas of focus include the interactions between the gut microbiota and individuals with GDM, as well as the formation and inheritance of the gut microbiota. Increasing attention has been given to the impact of probiotic supplementation on metabolism and pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients. Moreover, ongoing research is exploring the potential of the gut microbiota as a biomarker for GDM. These topics represent both current and future directions in this field.

CONCLUSION: This study provides a comprehensive knowledge map of the gut microbiota and GDM, highlights key research areas, and outlines potential future directions.},
}

@article {pmid39981105,
year = {2025},
author = {Plaitano, EG and McNeish, D and Bartels, SM and Bell, K and Dallery, J and Grabinski, M and Kiernan, M and Lavoie, HA and Lemley, SM and Lowe, MR and MacKinnon, DP and Metcalf, SA and Onken, L and Prochaska, JJ and Sand, CL and Scherer, EA and Stoeckel, LE and Xie, H and Marsch, LA},
title = {Adherence to a digital therapeutic mediates the relationship between momentary self-regulation and health risk behaviors.},
journal = {Frontiers in digital health},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {1467772},
pmid = {39981105},
issn = {2673-253X},
support = {P30 CA023108/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; UH3 DA041713/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; P30 DA029926/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; R37 DA009757/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; T32 DA037202/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Smoking, obesity, and insufficient physical activity are modifiable health risk behaviors. Self-regulation is one fundamental behavior change mechanism often incorporated within digital therapeutics as it varies momentarily across time and contexts and may play a causal role in improving these health behaviors. However, the role of momentary self-regulation in achieving behavior change has been infrequently examined. Using a novel momentary self-regulation scale, this study examined how targeting self-regulation through a digital therapeutic impacts adherence to the therapeutic and two different health risk behavioral outcomes.

METHODS: This prospective interventional study included momentary data for 28 days from 50 participants with obesity and binge eating disorder and 50 participants who smoked regularly. An evidence-based digital therapeutic, called Laddr™, provided self-regulation behavior change tools. Participants reported on their momentary self-regulation via ecological momentary assessments and health risk behaviors were measured as steps taken from a physical activity tracker and breathalyzed carbon monoxide. Medical regimen adherence was assessed as daily Laddr usage. Bayesian dynamic mediation models were used to examine moment-to-moment mediation effects between momentary self-regulation subscales, medical regimen adherence, and behavioral outcomes.

RESULTS: In the binge eating disorder sample, the perseverance [β 1 = 0.17, 95% CI = (0.06, 0.45)] and emotion regulation [β 1 = 0.12, 95% CI = (0.03, 0.27)] targets of momentary self-regulation positively predicted Laddr adherence on the following day, and higher Laddr adherence was subsequently a positive predictor of steps taken the same day for both perseverance [β 2 = 0.335, 95% CI = (0.030, 0.717)] and emotion regulation [β 2 = 0.389, 95% CI = (0.080, 0.738)]. In the smoking sample, the perseverance target of momentary self-regulation positively predicted Laddr adherence on the following day [β = 0.91, 95% CI = (0.60, 1.24)]. However, higher Laddr adherence was not a predictor of CO values on the same day [β 2 = -0.09, 95% CI = (-0.24, 0.09)].

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that a digital therapeutic targeting self-regulation can modify the relationships between momentary self-regulation, medical regimen adherence, and behavioral health outcomes. Together, this work demonstrated the ability to digitally assess the transdiagnostic mediating effect of momentary self-regulation on medical regimen adherence and pro-health behavioral outcomes.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT03774433).},
}

@article {pmid39982380,
year = {2025},
author = {Blumenstiel, JP and Kingan, SB and Garrigan, D and Hill, T and Vedanayagam, J},
title = {Nested likelihood-ratio testing of the nonsynonymous:synonymous ratio suggests greater adaptation in the piRNA machinery of Drosophila melanogaster compared with Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila willistoni, two species with higher repeat content.},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {39982380},
issn = {2160-1836},
support = {//KU Medical Center Genome Sequencing Facility/ ; P20 GM103638/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; UL1TR002366//Frontiers CTSA/ ; NIH U54 HD090216/GF/NIH HHS/United States ; //University of Kansas/ ; R00 GM137077/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD036343/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR002366/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; P30 GM145499/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; P20GM103418//NIH-NIGMS/KINBRE/ ; DEB1209536//NSF-DDIG/ ; //University of Texas at San Antonio/ ; P20 GM103418/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; 1413532//NSF MCB/ ; P20GM103638//NIH-NIGMS/COBRE/ ; R00GM137077//NIH-NIGMS/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; *Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Evolution, Molecular ; *Drosophila/genetics ; Likelihood Functions ; *Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Piwi-Interacting RNA ; },
abstract = {Numerous studies have revealed a signature of strong adaptive evolution in the piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) machinery of Drosophila melanogaster, but the cause of this pattern is not understood. Several hypotheses have been proposed. One hypothesis is that transposable element (TE) families and the piRNA machinery are co-evolving under an evolutionary arms race, perhaps due to antagonism by TEs against the piRNA machinery. A related, though not co-evolutionary, hypothesis is that recurrent TE invasion drives the piRNA machinery to adapt to novel TE strategies. A third hypothesis is that ongoing fluctuation in TE abundance leads to adaptation in the piRNA machinery that must constantly adjust between sensitivity for detecting new elements and specificity to avoid the cost of off-target gene silencing. Rapid evolution of the piRNA machinery may also be driven independently of TEs, and instead from other functions such as the role of piRNAs in suppressing sex-chromosome meiotic drive. We sought to evaluate the impact of TE abundance on adaptive evolution of the piRNA machinery in D. melanogaster and 2 species with higher repeat content-Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila willistoni. This comparison was achieved by employing a likelihood-based hypothesis testing framework based on the McDonald-Kreitman test. We show that we can reject a faster rate of adaptive evolution in the piRNA machinery of these 2 species. We propose that the high rate of adaptation in D. melanogaster is either driven by a recent influx of TEs that have occurred during range expansion or selection on other functions of the piRNA machinery.},
}

Animals
*RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
*Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
DNA Transposable Elements
Evolution, Molecular
*Drosophila/genetics
Likelihood Functions
*Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
*Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
Piwi-Interacting RNA

@article {pmid39982558,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, L and Gupta, A and Zhu, C and Xu, K and Watanabe, Y and Tanaka, M and Seki, M and Mochida, K and Kanno, Y and Seo, M and Nguyen, KH and Tran, CD and Chu, HD and Yin, H and Jia, KP and Tran, LP and Yin, X and Li, W},
title = {Strigolactone and karrikin receptors regulate phytohormone biosynthetic and catabolic processes.},
journal = {Plant cell reports},
volume = {44},
number = {3},
pages = {60},
pmid = {39982558},
issn = {1432-203X},
support = {XDA28110100//State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 2022YFD1500505//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 32370321//Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province/ ; },
mesh = {*Furans/metabolism ; *Pyrans/metabolism ; *Lactones/metabolism ; *Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/metabolism ; *Plant Growth Regulators/genetics/metabolism ; Metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; *Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Abscisic Acid/metabolism ; Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism ; Cyclopentanes/metabolism ; Genes, Plant ; *Arabidopsis/genetics/metabolism ; Genotype ; Cytokinins/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; Hydrolases ; Oxylipins ; },
abstract = {Karrikin plays a more critical role in affecting the homeostasis of ABA and cytokinins, while strigolactones play a more critical role in influencing the homeostasis of jasmonic acid and gibberellins. Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) regulate plant growth and development through their crosstalk, and through the crosstalk between them and other phytohormones, such as abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin. However, how SL and KAR signaling pathways influence the levels of other phytohormones is still unknown. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant dwarf14 karrikin-insensitive 2 (d14 kai2), deficient in SL and KAR perception, and the wild-type (WT) using their rosette leaves. Ten gene ontology terms related to phytohormones were enriched with differentially expressed genes derived from the 'd14 kai2 vs WT' comparison. Our data revealed that the levels of auxin, ABA and salicylic acid (SA) were higher in d14 and kai2 single and d14 kai2 mutant plants than in WT, which was consistent with the results of previous investigations. In contrast, the levels of cytokinins (CKs) were found to be lower in all single and double mutants than in WT. The levels of active gibberellins were lower in d14 and d14 kai2 mutants than in WT, while they were comparable in kai2 and WT plants. Similarly, the levels of jasmonic acid (JA) were lower in d14 and d14 kai2 plants, but higher in kai2 plants than in WT. Both transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that SL and KAR signaling pathways affect the levels of auxin, SA, CKs, gibberellin 4 (GA4) and ABA by influencing the expression of their biosynthetic (in case of auxin, SA, GA4 and CKs) and catabolic (in case of ABA) genes. Collectively, our data demonstrated that KAI2 plays a more critical role in the homeostasis of ABA and CKs, while D14 plays a more critical role in the homeostasis of JA and gibberellins. Findings of this study indicate a complex and broad crosstalk among various phytohormones in plants, which can be considered for future exogenous applications and hormone engineering.},
}

*Furans/metabolism
*Pyrans/metabolism
*Lactones/metabolism
*Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/metabolism
*Plant Growth Regulators/genetics/metabolism
Metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
*Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Gene Expression Profiling
Abscisic Acid/metabolism
Indoleacetic Acids/metabolism
Cyclopentanes/metabolism
Genes, Plant
*Arabidopsis/genetics/metabolism
Genotype
Cytokinins/genetics/metabolism
Receptors, Cell Surface
Hydrolases
Oxylipins

@article {pmid39986902,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, S and Kaufmann, CN and Lippi, CA and Ryan, SJ and Guo, Y},
title = {Untreated insomnia as a contributor to geographic disparities in risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.},
journal = {Sleep health},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {131-132},
pmid = {39986902},
issn = {2352-7226},
support = {K01 AG061239/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG079391/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL163226/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R56 AG065251/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; },
}

@article {pmid39987271,
year = {2025},
author = {Wuyun, D and Sun, L and Chen, Z and Li, Y and Han, M and Shi, Z and Ren, T and Zhao, H},
title = {A 10-meter resolution dataset of abandoned and reclaimed cropland from 2016 to 2023 in Inner Mongolia, China.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {317},
pmid = {39987271},
issn = {2052-4463},
abstract = {Amid growing global food security concerns and frequent armed conflicts, real-time monitoring of abandoned cropland is essential for strategic planning and crisis management. This study develops a method to map abandoned cropland accurately, crucial for maintaining the food supply chain and ecological balance. Utilizing Sentinel-1/2 satellite data, we employed multi-feature stacking and machine learning to create the ARCC10-IM (Abandoned and Reclaimed Cropland Classification at 10-meter resolution in Inner Mongolia) dataset, which tracks annual cropland activity. A novel temporal segmentation algorithm was developed to extract cropland abandonment and reclamation patterns annually, using sliding time windows over several years. This research differentiates cropland states-active cultivation, unstable fallowing, continuous abandonment, and reclamation-providing continuous, regional-scale maps with 10-meter resolution. ARCC10-IM is crucial for land planning, environmental monitoring, and agricultural management in arid areas like Inner Mongolia, enhancing decision-making and technology in land use tracking.},
}

@article {pmid39989610,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, C and Downey, RJ and Salminen, JS and Rojas, SA and Richer, N and Pliner, EM and Hwang, J and Cruz-Almeida, Y and Manini, TM and Hass, CJ and Seidler, RD and Clark, DJ and Ferris, DP},
title = {Electrical brain activity during human walking with parametric variations in terrain unevenness and walking speed.},
journal = {Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)},
volume = {2},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39989610},
issn = {2837-6056},
support = {R01 NS104772/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; F32 AG072808/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD021726/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; U01 AG061389/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; T32 AG062728/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Mobile brain imaging with high-density electroencephalography (EEG) can provide insight into the cortical processes involved in complex human walking tasks. While uneven terrain is common in the natural environment and poses challenges to human balance control, there is limited understanding of the supraspinal processes involved with traversing uneven terrain. The primary objective of this study was to quantify electrocortical activity related to parametric variations in terrain unevenness for neurotypical young adults. We used high-density EEG to measure brain activity when 32 young adults walked on a novel custom-made uneven terrain treadmill surface with four levels of difficulty at a walking speed tailored to each participant. We identified multiple brain regions associated with uneven terrain walking. Alpha (8 - 13 Hz) and beta (13 - 30 Hz) spectral power decreased in the sensorimotor and posterior parietal areas with increasing terrain unevenness while theta (4 - 8 Hz) power increased in the mid/posterior cingulate area with terrain unevenness. We also found that within stride spectral power fluctuations increased with terrain unevenness. Our secondary goal was to investigate the effect of parametric changes in walking speed (0.25 m/s, 0.5 m/s, 0.75 m/s, 1.0 m/s) to differentiate the effects of walking speed from uneven terrain. Our results revealed that electrocortical activities only changed substantially with speed within the sensorimotor area but not in other brain areas. Together, these results indicate there are distinct cortical processes contributing to the control of walking over uneven terrain versus modulation of walking speed on smooth, flat terrain. Our findings increase our understanding of cortical involvement in an ecologically valid walking task and could serve as a benchmark for identifying deficits in cortical dynamics that occur in people with mobility deficits.},
}

@article {pmid39990132,
year = {2025},
author = {Keet, JH and Hui, C},
title = {One-hectare fine-scale dataset of a fynbos plant community in the Cape Floristic Region.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {59},
number = {},
pages = {111334},
pmid = {39990132},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {Cape fynbos, which forms part of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa, a global biodiversity hotspot, is renowned for its high levels of plant species endemism and diversity. This extraordinary ecosystem, characterised by nutrient-poor soils and fire-adapted vegetation, is a treasure trove of endemic flora. However, this fragile system faces increasing threats from habitat loss, climate change, and invasive species. Pristine fynbos, naturally high in plant diversity and which forms a large part of the CFR, presents an ideal opportunity to gather fine-scale data on community assembly patterns. Most fynbos vegetation surveys use a plot size of about 100 m[2], with no spatial structures within plots to demarcate individual subplots. Here, a groundbreaking dataset is presented that fully covers 1-hectare of pristine fynbos, systematically gridded into 50 × 50 subplots, each measuring 2 × 2 m, arranged evenly within a square-shaped survey site. Each plot was assigned a unique Y-X coordinate combination. For each plot, all plant species present were recorded, along with their total percentage covers and maximum height values. Total percentage covers were also recorded for bare soil, rock, and termite mounds. This dataset provides a valuable contribution to the field of fynbos ecology, as well as plant community ecology in general, and establishes a benchmark for future one-hectare surveys of similar fynbos vegetation types, delineating the fine-scale composition and structure of fynbos in the CFR. The dataset will be useful for a wide audience, including community and spatial ecologists, plant and environmental scientists, and biodiversity informaticians and statistical ecologists, offering ideal data for testing new metrics of diversity and compositional turnover.},
}

@article {pmid39990470,
year = {2025},
author = {Edwards, SV and Fang, B and Khost, D and Kolyfetis, GE and Cheek, RG and DeRaad, DA and Chen, N and Fitzpatrick, JW and McCormack, JE and Funk, WC and Ghalambor, CK and Garrison, E and Guarracino, A and Li, H and Sackton, TB},
title = {Comparative population pangenomes reveal unexpected complexity and fitness effects of structural variants.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39990470},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {R01 GM123489/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HG011485/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM133412/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DA047638/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Structural variants (SVs) are widespread in vertebrate genomes, yet their evolutionary dynamics remain poorly understood. Using 45 long-read de novo genome assemblies and pangenome tools, we analyze SVs within three closely related species of North American jays (Aphelocoma, scrub-jays) displaying a 60-fold range in effective population size. We find rapid evolution of genome architecture, including ~100 Mb variation in genome size driven by dynamic satellite landscapes with unexpectedly long (> 10 kb) repeat units and widespread variation in gene content, influencing gene expression. SVs exhibit slightly deleterious dynamics modulated by variant length and population size, with strong evidence of adaptive fixation only in large populations. Our results demonstrate how population size shapes the distribution of SVs and the importance of pangenomes to characterizing genomic diversity.},
}

@article {pmid39995103,
year = {2025},
author = {Campbell, IH and Needham, N and Grossi, H and Kamenska, I and Luz, S and Sheehan, S and Thompson, G and Thrippleton, MJ and Gibbs, MC and Leitao, J and Moses, T and Burgess, K and Rigby, BP and Simpson, SA and McIntosh, E and Brown, R and Meadowcroft, B and Creasy, F and Mitchell-Grigorjeva, M and Norrie, J and McLellan, A and Fisher, C and Zieliński, T and Gaggioni, G and Campbell, H and Smith, DJ},
title = {A pilot study of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder: clinical, metabolic and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings.},
journal = {BJPsych open},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {e34},
pmid = {39995103},
issn = {2056-4724},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that a ketogenic diet may be effective for bipolar disorder.

AIMS: To assess the impact of a ketogenic diet in bipolar disorder on clinical, metabolic and magnetic resonance spectroscopy outcomes.

METHOD: Euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder (N = 27) were recruited to a 6- to 8-week single-arm open pilot study of a modified ketogenic diet. Clinical, metabolic and MRS measures were assessed before and after the intervention.

RESULTS: Of 27 recruited participants, 26 began and 20 completed the ketogenic diet. For participants completing the intervention, mean body weight fell by 4.2 kg (P < 0.001), mean body mass index fell by 1.5 kg/m[2] (P < 0.001) and mean systolic blood pressure fell by 7.4 mmHg (P < 0.041). The euthymic participants had average baseline and follow-up assessments consistent with them being in the euthymic range with no statistically significant changes in Affective Lability Scale-18, Beck Depression Inventory and Young Mania Rating Scale. In participants providing reliable daily ecological momentary assessment data (n = 14), there was a positive correlation between daily ketone levels and self-rated mood (r = 0.21, P < 0.001) and energy (r = 0.19 P < 0.001), and an inverse correlation between ketone levels and both impulsivity (r = -0.30, P < 0.001) and anxiety (r = -0.19, P < 0.001). From the MRS measurements, brain glutamate plus glutamine concentration decreased by 11.6% in the anterior cingulate cortex (P = 0.025) and fell by 13.6% in the posterior cingulate cortex (P = <0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a ketogenic diet may be clinically useful in bipolar disorder, for both mental health and metabolic outcomes. Replication and randomised controlled trials are now warranted.},
}

@article {pmid39995465,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, J and Bibri, SE and Keel, P},
title = {Generative spatial artificial intelligence for sustainable smart cities: A pioneering large flow model for urban digital twin.},
journal = {Environmental science and ecotechnology},
volume = {24},
number = {},
pages = {100526},
pmid = {39995465},
issn = {2666-4984},
abstract = {Rapid urbanization, alongside escalating resource depletion and ecological degradation, underscores the critical need for innovative urban development solutions. In response, sustainable smart cities are increasingly turning to cutting-edge technologies-such as Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), Foundation Models (FMs), and Urban Digital Twin (UDT) frameworks-to transform urban planning and design practices. These transformative tools provide advanced capabilities to analyze complex urban systems, optimize resource management, and enable evidence-based decision-making. Despite recent progress, research on integrating GenAI and FMs into UDT frameworks remains scant, leaving gaps in our ability to capture complex urban flows and multimodal dynamics essential to achieving environmental sustainability goals. Moreover, the lack of a robust theoretical foundation and real-world operationalization of these tools hampers comprehensive modeling and practical adoption. This study introduces a pioneering Large Flow Model (LFM), grounded in a robust foundational framework and designed with GenAI capabilities. It is specifically tailored for integration into UDT systems to enhance predictive analytics, adaptive learning, and complex data management functionalities. To validate its applicability and relevance, the Blue City Project in Lausanne City is examined as a case study, showcasing the ability of the LFM to effectively model and analyze urban flows-namely mobility, goods, energy, waste, materials, and biodiversity-critical to advancing environmental sustainability. This study highlights how the LFM addresses the spatial challenges inherent in current UDT frameworks. The LFM demonstrates its novelty in comprehensive urban modeling and analysis by completing impartial city data, estimating flow data in new locations, predicting the evolution of flow data, and offering a holistic understanding of urban dynamics and their interconnections. The model enhances decision-making processes, supports evidence-based planning and design, fosters integrated development strategies, and enables the development of more efficient, resilient, and sustainable urban environments. This research advances both the theoretical and practical dimensions of AI-driven, environmentally sustainable urban development by operationalizing GenAI and FMs within UDT frameworks. It provides sophisticated tools and valuable insights for urban planners, designers, policymakers, and researchers to address the complexities of modern cities and accelerate the transition towards sustainable urban futures.},
}

@article {pmid39996333,
year = {2025},
author = {Medeiros, W and Kralova, S and Oliveira, V and Ziemert, N and Sehnal, L},
title = {Antarctic bacterial natural products: from genomic insights to drug discovery.},
journal = {Natural product reports},
volume = {42},
number = {5},
pages = {774-787},
doi = {10.1039/d4np00045e},
pmid = {39996333},
issn = {1460-4752},
mesh = {*Biological Products/chemistry/pharmacology/metabolism ; Antarctic Regions ; *Drug Discovery ; *Bacteria/genetics/chemistry/metabolism ; Genomics ; Molecular Structure ; },
abstract = {Covering: up to the end of 2024Microbial life dominates the extreme continent Antarctica, playing a pivotal role in ecosystem functioning and serving as a reservoir of specialized metabolites known as natural products (NPs). NPs not only contribute to microbial adaptation to harsh conditions but also modulate microbial community structure. Long-term isolation and environmental pressures have shaped the genomes of Antarctic bacteria, suggesting that they also encode unique NPs. Since NPs are also an important source of drugs, we argue that investigating Antarctic bacterial NPs is essential not only for understanding their ecological role and evolution, but also for discovering new chemical structures, biosynthetic mechanisms, and potential new drugs. Yet, despite advances in omics technologies and increased scientific activities in Antarctica, relatively few new bacterial NPs have been discovered. The lack of systematic research activities focused on the exploration of Antarctic bacteria and their NPs constitutes a big problem considering the climate change issue, to which ecosystems in polar regions are the most sensitive areas on the Earth. Here, we highlight the currently available data on Antarctic bacteria, their biosynthetic potential, and the successful NP discoveries, while addressing the challenges in NP research and advocating for systematic, collaborative efforts aligned with the Antarctic Treaty System and the Antarctic Conservation Biogeographic Regions.},
}

*Biological Products/chemistry/pharmacology/metabolism
Antarctic Regions
*Drug Discovery
*Bacteria/genetics/chemistry/metabolism
Genomics
Molecular Structure

@article {pmid40007687,
year = {2025},
author = {Boyes, D and Lewis, OT and , and , and , and , and , and , and , },
title = {The genome sequence of Red Underwing, Catocala nupta Linnaeus, 1767.},
journal = {Wellcome open research},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {36},
pmid = {40007687},
issn = {2398-502X},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {We present a genome assembly from an individual female specimen of Catocala nupta (Red Underwing; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Erebidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 930.40 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.82%) is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the W and Z sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.57 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 13,889 protein-coding genes.},
}

@article {pmid40007688,
year = {2025},
author = {Boyes, D and Lees, DC and Coates, BS and , and , and , and , and , and , and , and , },
title = {The genome sequence of the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, 1796.},
journal = {Wellcome open research},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {12},
pmid = {40007688},
issn = {2398-502X},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {We present a genome assembly from an individual female specimen of Ostrinia nubilalis (European Corn Borer; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Crambidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 495.50 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.87%) is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.24 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 16,780 protein-coding genes.},
}

@article {pmid40007820,
year = {2024},
author = {Grieco, F and Parisi, S and Simmenroth, A and Eichinger, M and Zirkel, J and König, S and Jünger, J and Geck, E and Schwienhorst-Stich, EM},
title = {Planetary health education in undergraduate medical education in Germany: results from structured interviews and an online survey within the national PlanetMedEd Project.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1507515},
pmid = {40007820},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In light of the accumulating evidence, awareness and urgency to act upon the three planetary crises - climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution - the concept of Planetary Health underscores their profound implications for health and promotes actionable solutions to advance both wellbeing and ecological sustainability. Despite (inter)national calls to integrate Planetary Health into health workers' curricula, the current status of Planetary Health Education in undergraduate medical education in Germany is unclear. This study therefore aimed (a) to assess the current implementation of Planetary Health in undergraduate medical education in Germany and (b) to explore its characteristics as a foundation to develop evidence-informed recommendations for mainstreaming Planetary Health Education in medical schools in Germany.

METHODS: The study comprised structured interviews followed by an online survey, both targeting all 39 medical schools in Germany. In 2021, structured interviews were conducted with students, educators and deanery staff at medical schools. In 2023, educators and deanery staff participated in an online survey based on the findings from the interviews.

FINDINGS: In total, 80% of the 39 medical schools participated in the interviews, while 90% took part in the online survey. Based on integrated findings, 35 medical schools (90%) offered Planetary Health Education, with a median of two educational activities, including both stand-alone courses and lectures integrated into other courses. Despite an overall increase since winter semester 2021/2022, most educational activities were electives and not part of the mandatory curriculum. Innovative educational approaches and learning objectives differed significantly between mandatory and elective formats. In contrast to mandatory educational activities, student involvement was reported for the majority of electives and was significantly associated with transformative learning objectives.

INTERPRETATION: Despite a steady rise in teaching activities, mandatory Planetary Health Education remains insufficiently integrated into undergraduate medical education in Germany. Key criteria defining high-quality Planetary Health Education, such as innovative educational approaches, practical skills, and transformative learning, were primarily reflected in electives, that reach only a minority of students. To adequately equip the future healthcare workforce, the current barriers to successfully integrating Planetary Health into medical education must be systematically addressed and overcome.},
}

@article {pmid40011724,
year = {2025},
author = {Brodie, JF and Mohd-Azlan, J and Chen, C and Wearn, OR and Deith, MCM and Ball, JGC and Slade, EM and Burslem, DFRP and Teoh, SW and Williams, PJ and Nguyen, A and Moore, JH and Goetz, SJ and Burns, P and Jantz, P and Hakkenberg, CR and Kaszta, Z and Cushman, S and Coomes, D and Helmy, OE and Reynolds, G and Rodríguez, JP and Jetz, W and Luskin, MS},
title = {Reply to: Causal claims, causal assumptions and protected area impact.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {638},
number = {8052},
pages = {E42-E44},
pmid = {40011724},
issn = {1476-4687},
}

@article {pmid40012987,
year = {2024},
author = {McGregor, AP and Sumner-Rooney, L and Burkmar, R and Schoenauer, A and , and , and , and , and , and , and , },
title = {The genome sequence of the silver stretch spider, Tetragnatha montana (Simon, 1874) (Araneae: Tetragnathidae).},
journal = {Wellcome open research},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {288},
pmid = {40012987},
issn = {2398-502X},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {We present a genome assembly from an individual female Tetragnatha montana (the silver stretch spider; Arthropoda; Arachnida; Araneae; Tetragnathidae). The genome sequence is 784.7 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 13 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.49 kilobases in length.},
}

@article {pmid40012989,
year = {2024},
author = {Boyes, D and Holland, PWH and , and , and , and , and , and , and , },
title = {The genome sequence of the Olive Crescent, Trisateles emortualis (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775).},
journal = {Wellcome open research},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {178},
pmid = {40012989},
issn = {2398-502X},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {We present a genome assembly from an individual male Trisateles emortualis (the Olive Crescent; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The genome sequence is 565.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.01 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 13,176 protein coding genes.},
}

@article {pmid40014700,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, Z and Baeza, JA and Chen, C and Gonzalez, MT and González, VL and Greve, C and Kocot, KM and Arbizu, PM and Moles, J and Schell, T and Schwabe, E and Sun, J and Wong, NLWS and Yap-Chiongco, M and Sigwart, JD},
title = {A genome-based phylogeny for Mollusca is concordant with fossils and morphology.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {387},
number = {6737},
pages = {1001-1007},
doi = {10.1126/science.ads0215},
pmid = {40014700},
issn = {1095-9203},
mesh = {Animals ; Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; *Genome ; *Mollusca/genetics/anatomy & histology/classification ; Phylogeny ; },
abstract = {Extreme morphological disparity within Mollusca has long confounded efforts to reconstruct a stable backbone phylogeny for the phylum. Familiar molluscan groups-gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods-each represent a diverse radiation with myriad morphological, ecological, and behavioral adaptations. The phylum further encompasses many more unfamiliar experiments in animal body-plan evolution. In this work, we reconstructed the phylogeny for living Mollusca on the basis of metazoan BUSCO (Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs) genes extracted from 77 (13 new) genomes, including multiple members of all eight classes with two high-quality genome assemblies for monoplacophorans. Our analyses confirm a phylogeny proposed from morphology and show widespread genomic variation. The flexibility of the molluscan genome likely explains both historic challenges with their genomes and their evolutionary success.},
}

Animals
Biological Evolution
*Fossils
*Genome
*Mollusca/genetics/anatomy & histology/classification
Phylogeny

@article {pmid40016792,
year = {2025},
author = {Mendoza, JN and Prūse, B and Ciriaco, A and Mendoza, A and Ciriaco, H and Buen, C and Pua, JJ and Primavera, F and Mattalia, G and Sõukand, R},
title = {Correction: Fishery and ecology-related knowledge about plants among fishing communities along Laguna Lake, Philippines.},
journal = {Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {11},
doi = {10.1186/s13002-025-00763-7},
pmid = {40016792},
issn = {1746-4269},
}

@article {pmid40021550,
year = {2025},
author = {Post, AK and Richardson, AD},
title = {Predicting end-of-season timing across diverse North American grasslands.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {207},
number = {3},
pages = {44},
pmid = {40021550},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {EF-1065029//National Science Foundation/ ; EF-1702697//National Science Foundation/ ; DESC0016011//U.S. Department of Energy/ ; },
mesh = {*Grassland ; *Seasons ; *Climate Change ; North America ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Climate change is altering the timing of seasonal vegetation cycles (phenology), with cascading consequences on larger ecosystem processes. Therefore, understanding the drivers of vegetation phenology is critical to predicting ecological impacts of climate change. While numerous phenology models exist to predict the timing of the start of the growing season (SOS), there are fewer end-of-season (EOS) models, and most perform poorly in grasslands, since they were made for forests. Our objective was to develop an improved EOS grassland phenology model. We used repeat digital imagery from the PhenoCam Network to extract EOS dates for 44 diverse North American grassland sites (212 site-years) that we fit to 20 new and 3 existing EOS models. All new EOS models (RMSE = 22-33 days between observed and predicted dates) performed substantially better than existing ones (RMSE = 43-46 days). The top model predicted EOS after surpassing a threshold of either accumulated cold temperatures or dryness, but only after a certain number of days following SOS. Including SOS date improved all model fits, indicating a strong correlation between start- and end-of-season timing. Model performance was further improved by independently optimizing parameters for six distinct climate regions (RMSE = 4-19 days). While the best model varied slightly by region, most included similar drivers as the top all-sites model. Thus, across diverse grassland sites, EOS is influenced by both weather (temperature, moisture) and SOS timing. Incorporating these new EOS models into Earth System Models should improve predictions of grassland dynamics and associated ecosystem processes.},
}

*Grassland
*Seasons
*Climate Change
North America
Ecosystem

@article {pmid40022802,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, H and Liu, C and Li, L and Kong, Y and Akbar, A and Zhou, X},
title = {High-precision inversion of urban river water quality via integration of riparian spatial structures and river spectral signatures.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {278},
number = {},
pages = {123378},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2025.123378},
pmid = {40022802},
issn = {1879-2448},
mesh = {*Rivers/chemistry ; *Water Quality ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Remote Sensing Technology ; Urbanization ; Cities ; China ; },
abstract = {With the ongoing process of urbanization, it poses challenges to the monitoring of water quality in urban rivers. The mainstream methods for remote sensing water quality monitoring rely on the optical characteristics of water to achieve water quality inversion, while overlooking the correlation between water quality and riparian zones. The spatial arrangement and scale fluctuation of the riparian zones exert a substantial influence on water quality as it serves as an intermediary region connecting riverine and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, this study firstly employed unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne multispectral remote sensing technology to capture the subtle variations in urban river water quality and obtain detailed spatial information of the riparian zone. The Liang-Kleeman information flow was subsequently employed to quantitatively assess the causal responses of the spatial composition of riparian zone to water quality parameters across various spatial scales. Finally, we developed a hierarchical ensemble learning model for water quality assessment by integrating the spatial characteristics of the riparian zone with the spectral properties of the water body. The result demonstrates that this model accurately delineated water quality grades for three key parameters: ammonia nitrogen (NH3N), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphorus (TP), achieving accuracies of 94.87 %, 92.31 %, and 89.74 %, respectively. Our study presents a water quality inversion method for urban rivers, which holds significant guidance for the monitoring and management of urban rivers and contributes to further promoting the sustainable development of cities.},
}

*Rivers/chemistry
*Water Quality
*Environmental Monitoring/methods
Phosphorus/analysis
Remote Sensing Technology
Urbanization
Cities
China

@article {pmid40023237,
year = {2025},
author = {Munteanu, A and Bortolini, M and Feltracco, M and Alterio, A and Cairns, WRL and Turetta, C and Barbaro, E and Barbante, C and Gambaro, A and Azzaro, M},
title = {Contamination by benzothiazoles in the Arctic: First evidence in the seawater of the Greenland Sea.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {371},
number = {},
pages = {125943},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125943},
pmid = {40023237},
issn = {1873-6424},
mesh = {*Benzothiazoles/analysis ; *Seawater/chemistry ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Greenland ; Arctic Regions ; Water Pollution, Chemical/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {Benzothiazoles (BTHs), used in industrial chemistry, consumer products, and pharmaceuticals, are emerging contaminants due to their environmental presence and toxicological risks to aquatic life and human health. However, their environmental fate in seawater remains poorly investigated. This study reports for the first time the occurrence and distribution of six BTHs in the sub-Arctic seawater of the Greenland Sea. Using solid-phase extraction combined with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, total BTHs were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1043 ng L[-1]. Benzothiazole, 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole, 2-methylthio-benzothiazole, and 2-methyl-benzothiazole exhibited higher mean concentrations (355 ± 335, 114 ± 80, 34 ± 7, 15 ± 8 ng L[-1], respectively) compared to 2-thiocyanomethylthio-benzothiazole (0.5 ± 0.9 ng L[-1]) and 2-amino-benzothiazole (0.3 ± 0.2 ng L[-1]). Local emissions and both short- and long-range transport may account for BTHs presence in the Greenland Sea. The spatial distribution of BTHs along the 75° N transect and in the water column appears influenced by the Greenland Sea Gyre circulation and deep convection processes. Total BTHs distribution showed no significant differences between superficial and water column concentrations or between the outermost and innermost transect zones, as determined by the Mann-Whitney test, although concentrations were generally higher in the zone influenced by the Norwegian Atlantic Current. The ecological risks of BTHs, assessed using the risk quotient methodology, indicate a low threat to aquatic life. This research underscores the need for monitoring BTHs in the Arctic to understand their sources, transport, and environmental fate, providing a foundation for future studies.},
}

*Benzothiazoles/analysis
*Seawater/chemistry
*Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
*Environmental Monitoring
Greenland
Arctic Regions
Water Pollution, Chemical/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid40025088,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, SY and Cheon, S and Park, C and Soh, HY},
title = {Integrating DNA metabarcoding and morphological analysis improves marine zooplankton biodiversity assessment.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {7283},
pmid = {40025088},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {RS-2018-KS181192//Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion (KIMST) funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea/ ; No. RS-2024-00442775)//Global-Learning & Academic research institution for Master's · PhD students, and Postdocs (LAMP) Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Education/ ; Grant number: 2018-3416//Chonnam National University/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Zooplankton/genetics/classification ; *DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods ; *Biodiversity ; *Copepoda/genetics/classification ; Ecosystem ; China ; Oceans and Seas ; },
abstract = {Marine copepod communities play crucial roles in ocean ecosystems. However, their accurate assessment remains challenging due to taxonomic complexities. This study combines morphological and DNA metabarcoding approaches to evaluate copepod diversity and community structure in the northern East China Sea. Zooplankton samples were collected from 10 stations along a coastal-offshore gradient in August 2019. Morphological analysis identified 34 species from 25 genera, while DNA metabarcoding detected 31 species from 20 genera. Both methods revealed distinct coastal and offshore assemblages, with Paracalanus parvus s.l. as the dominant species across all stations. A significant positive correlation was found between morphology-based individual counts and metabarcoding sequence reads (Spearman's Rho = 0.58, p < 0.001), improving at the genus level (Rho = 0.70, p < 0.001). Redundancy analysis revealed that salinity, temperature, and phytoplankton density significantly influenced copepod distribution. Although both approaches captured similar broad-scale patterns, they provided complementary insights into community structure. Morphological identification was more effective for detecting Cyclopoida diversity, whereas DNA metabarcoding had greater sensitivity for specific Calanoid species. This study underscores the value of integrating traditional and molecular methods for marine biodiversity assessment, especially in the context of global environmental changes.},
}

Animals
*Zooplankton/genetics/classification
*DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic/methods
*Biodiversity
*Copepoda/genetics/classification
Ecosystem
China
Oceans and Seas

@article {pmid40027489,
year = {2025},
author = {Bai, D and Chen, T and Xun, J and Ma, C and Luo, H and Yang, H and Cao, C and Cao, X and Cui, J and Deng, YP and Deng, Z and Dong, W and Dong, W and Du, J and Fang, Q and Fang, W and Fang, Y and Fu, F and Fu, M and Fu, YT and Gao, H and Ge, J and Gong, Q and Gu, L and Guo, P and Guo, Y and Hai, T and Liu, H and He, J and He, ZY and Hou, H and Huang, C and Ji, S and Jiang, C and Jiang, GL and Jiang, L and Jin, LN and Kan, Y and Kang, D and Kou, J and Lam, KL and Li, C and Li, C and Li, F and Li, L and Li, M and Li, X and Li, Y and Li, ZT and Liang, J and Lin, Y and Liu, C and Liu, D and Liu, F and Liu, J and Liu, T and Liu, T and Liu, X and Liu, Y and Liu, B and Liu, M and Lou, W and Luan, Y and Luo, Y and Lv, H and Ma, T and Mai, Z and Mo, J and Niu, D and Pan, Z and Qi, H and Shi, Z and Song, C and Sun, F and Sun, Y and Tian, S and Wan, X and Wang, G and Wang, H and Wang, H and Wang, H and Wang, J and Wang, J and Wang, K and Wang, L and Wang, SK and Wang, X and Wang, Y and Xiao, Z and Xing, H and Xu, Y and Yan, SY and Yang, L and Yang, S and Yang, Y and Yao, X and Yousuf, S and Yu, H and Lei, Y and Yuan, Z and Zeng, M and Zhang, C and Zhang, C and Zhang, H and Zhang, J and Zhang, N and Zhang, T and Zhang, YB and Zhang, Y and Zhang, Z and Zhou, M and Zhou, Y and Zhu, C and Zhu, L and Zhu, Y and Zhu, Z and Zou, H and Zuo, A and Dong, W and Wen, T and Chen, S and Li, G and Gao, Y and Liu, YX},
title = {EasyMetagenome: A user-friendly and flexible pipeline for shotgun metagenomic analysis in microbiome research.},
journal = {iMeta},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {e70001},
pmid = {40027489},
issn = {2770-596X},
abstract = {Shotgun metagenomics has become a pivotal technology in microbiome research, enabling in-depth analysis of microbial communities at both the high-resolution taxonomic and functional levels. This approach provides valuable insights of microbial diversity, interactions, and their roles in health and disease. However, the complexity of data processing and the need for reproducibility pose significant challenges to researchers. To address these challenges, we developed EasyMetagenome, a user-friendly pipeline that supports multiple analysis methods, including quality control and host removal, read-based, assembly-based, and binning, along with advanced genome analysis. The pipeline also features customizable settings, comprehensive data visualizations, and detailed parameter explanations, ensuring its adaptability across a wide range of data scenarios. Looking forward, we aim to refine the pipeline by addressing host contamination issues, optimizing workflows for third-generation sequencing data, and integrating emerging technologies like deep learning and network analysis, to further enhance microbiome insights and data accuracy. EasyMetageonome is freely available at https://github.com/YongxinLiu/EasyMetagenome.},
}

@article {pmid40030035,
year = {2025},
author = {Jin, J and Zhang, R and Li, J and Gao, F and Liao, Z and Yu, Y and Wang, Y and Bucci, D and Xiao, M and Ma, R and Ma, Q and Gao, S and Lio, J and Novais, F and Huang, SC and Zhu, J and Ghoneim, H and Wen, H and Li, Z and Sun, N and Xin, G},
title = {The NAE1-mediated neddylation operates as an essential post-translational modification checkpoint for effector CD8[+] T cells.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {10},
pages = {e2424061122},
pmid = {40030035},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {1R01CA269984//HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01 AI162711/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA269984/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA016058/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HL162909/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; RSG-23-1036499-01//American Cancer Society (ACS)/ ; CCR231013713//Susan G. Komen (SGK)/ ; },
mesh = {*CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; *Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Humans ; Mice ; *NEDD8 Protein/metabolism ; *Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/metabolism/genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism ; Lymphocyte Activation ; NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics ; Colonic Neoplasms/immunology/pathology/metabolism ; Proteomics ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; },
abstract = {Optimal activation of CD8+ T cells is crucial for immunity-mediated destruction of cancer, requiring a substantial amount of proteins involved in metabolism, proliferation, and effector function. Despite extensive studies emphasizing the role of transcriptional regulation in this process, paired transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal that the RNA profile is poorly correlated with protein levels. This discrepancy underscores the importance of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in controlling protein abundance during activation. However, the impact of PTMs on the CD8+ T cell protein dynamic remains underexplored. We identify that neddylation, a recently discovered PTM, is activated in response to T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation and enriched in effector CD8+ T cells from colon cancer patients. Mechanistically, we found the rate-limiting enzyme of neddylation, neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 8 activating enzyme E1 (NAE1), is induced by the NFATc1, a critical transcription factor downstream of TCR signaling. Our observation revealed that genetic ablation of NAE1 significantly disturbed the proteomic landscape related to activation and mitochondrial function. As a result, CD8+ T cells lacking NAE1 exhibited severely compromised activation, proliferation, and survival, which was accompanied by impaired mitochondrial function. Consistently, deletion of NAE1 in CD8+ T cells abolished their antitumor function and promoted tumor progression. By contrast, the overexpression of NAE1 significantly improved the function of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Overall, we uncovered neddylation, a previously underappreciated PTM, as a proteomic checkpoint for CD8+ T cell activation. Enforced expression of NAE1 offers promising therapeutic potential for boosting the antitumor CD8+ T cell responses.},
}

*CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism
Animals
*Protein Processing, Post-Translational
Humans
Mice
*NEDD8 Protein/metabolism
*Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes/metabolism/genetics
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
Lymphocyte Activation
NFATC Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics
Colonic Neoplasms/immunology/pathology/metabolism
Proteomics
Mice, Inbred C57BL

@article {pmid40034275,
year = {2025},
author = {Veneros, J and Hansen, AJ and Jantz, P and Roberts, D and Noguera-Urbano, E and García, L},
title = {Analysis of changes in temperature and precipitation in South American countries and ecoregions: Comparison between reference conditions and three representative concentration pathways for 2050.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {e42459},
pmid = {40034275},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Climate change is a global concern, and its impact on environmental variables such as temperature and annual precipitation is unknown spatially in the desert, andes, and rainforest ecoregions of Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. In this study, we conducted a general review of climate drivers for South America (SA) and explored climate data using the GCM compareR package (General Circulation Models) and average ensembles for temperature and precipitation. Our results showed that all GCMs demonstrated increases in the annual mean temperature (BIO1) and in the mean temperature of the driest quarter (BIO9) for Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia for 2050 in three RCPs (2.6, 4.5, and 8.5). Also, most of the GCMs showed increases in the annual precipitation (BIO12) and the precipitation in the driest quarter (BIO17). We conducted non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis Test) to assess if the medians of temperature and precipitation in the three ecoregions are equal for both the baseline and the climate change scenarios. We rejected the null hypothesis that the medians are equal for both temperatures and precipitation in the baseline vs. 2050 RCPs (2.6, 4.5, and 8.5). A spatial analysis was conducted to visualize the variations in temperature and precipitation between the RCPs versus the baseline, and the spatial variation at the country or ecoregion level can be observed. The annual mean temperature (°C) or annual precipitation (mm) divided by its standard deviation for each ecoregion (M metric) was analyzed to see how much the average temperature or the annual precipitation is relatively large compared to the variability or dispersion of temperatures or precipitation respectively; the average temperature and the annual precipitation for the baseline and the three RCPs are relatively large and associated with the variability or dispersion of their temperatures in the Napo moist forest compared to the other ecoregions. Our study provides important insights into the potential impacts of climate change on these ecosystems. Prospects in the Napo moist forest ecoregion, where significant changes in temperature and humidity have already occurred, and new species have invaded or evolved in the western Amazon rainforest, are particularly highlighted and reflected in terms of risk mitigation, ecosystem restoration, surveillance, and monitoring.},
}

@article {pmid40041564,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, J and Qian, H and Wang, X},
title = {An online version and some updates of R package U.Taxonstand for standardizing scientific names in plant and animal species.},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {47},
number = {1},
pages = {166-168},
pmid = {40041564},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {•We present 'U.Taxonstand Online', a user-friendly web application for scientific name matching of both plants and animals.•U.Taxonstand Online provides a solution for the users with limited abilities of programming and data mining.•We add several new functions to clean and format the data for R package U.Taxonstand.},
}

@article {pmid40044867,
year = {2025},
author = {Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J and Rifai, SW and Deng, X and Ter Steege, H and Thomson, E and Corral-Rivas, JJ and Guimaraes, AF and Muller, S and Klipel, J and Fauset, S and Resende, AF and Wallin, G and Joly, CA and Abernethy, K and Adu-Bredu, S and Alexandre Silva, C and de Oliveira, EA and Almeida, DRA and Alvarez-Davila, E and Asner, GP and Baker, TR and Benchimol, M and Bentley, LP and Berenguer, E and Blanc, L and Bonal, D and Bordin, K and Borges de Lima, R and Both, S and Cabezas Duarte, J and Cardoso, D and de Lima, HC and Cavalheiro, L and Cernusak, LA and Dos Santos Prestes, NCC and da Silva Zanzini, AC and da Silva, RJ and Dos Santos Alves da Silva, R and de Andrade Iguatemy, M and De Sousa Oliveira, TC and Dechant, B and Derroire, G and Dexter, KG and Rodrigues, DJ and Espírito-Santo, M and Silva, LF and Domingues, TF and Ferreira, J and Simon, MF and Girardin, CAJ and Hérault, B and Jeffery, KJ and Kalpuzha Ashtamoorthy, S and Kavidapadinjattathil Sivadasan, A and Klitgaard, B and Laurance, WF and Dan, ML and Magnusson, WE and Campos-Filho, EM and Manoel Dos Santos, R and Manzatto, AG and Silveira, M and Marimon-Junior, BH and Martin, RE and Vieira, DLM and Metzker, T and Milliken, W and Moonlight, P and Moraes de Seixas, MM and Morandi, PS and Muscarella, R and Nava-Miranda, MG and Nyirambangutse, B and Silva, JO and Oliveras Menor, I and Francisco Pena Rodrigues, PJ and Pereira de Oliveira, C and Pereira Zanzini, L and Peres, CA and Punjayil, V and Quesada, CA and Réjou-Méchain, M and Riutta, T and Rivas-Torres, G and Rosa, C and Salinas, N and Bergamin, RS and Marimon, BS and Shenkin, A and Silva Rodrigues, PM and Figueiredo, AES and Garcia, QS and Spósito, T and Storck-Tonon, D and Sullivan, MJP and Svátek, M and Vieira Santiago, WT and Arn Teh, Y and Theruvil Parambil Sivan, P and Nascimento, MT and Veenendaal, E and Zo-Bi, IC and Dago, MR and Traoré, S and Patacca, M and Badouard, V and de Padua Chaves E Carvalho, S and White, LJT and Zhang-Zheng, H and Zibera, E and Zwerts, JA and Burslem, DFRP and Silman, M and Chave, J and Enquist, BJ and Barlow, J and Phillips, OL and Coomes, DA and Malhi, Y},
title = {Canopy functional trait variation across Earth's tropical forests.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {641},
number = {8061},
pages = {129-136},
pmid = {40044867},
issn = {1476-4687},
support = {//Natural Environment Research Council/ ; //ERC Advanced Investigator Award/ ; //T-FORCES/ ; //NERC/ ; },
mesh = {Africa ; Asia ; Biodiversity ; *Earth, Planet ; *Forests ; Plant Leaves/physiology/chemistry/anatomy & histology ; Soil/chemistry ; *Trees/physiology/anatomy & histology/chemistry/classification ; Tropical Climate ; Uncertainty ; },
abstract = {Tropical forest canopies are the biosphere's most concentrated atmospheric interface for carbon, water and energy[1,2]. However, in most Earth System Models, the diverse and heterogeneous tropical forest biome is represented as a largely uniform ecosystem with either a singular or a small number of fixed canopy ecophysiological properties[3]. This situation arises, in part, from a lack of understanding about how and why the functional properties of tropical forest canopies vary geographically[4]. Here, by combining field-collected data from more than 1,800 vegetation plots and tree traits with satellite remote-sensing, terrain, climate and soil data, we predict variation across 13 morphological, structural and chemical functional traits of trees, and use this to compute and map the functional diversity of tropical forests. Our findings reveal that the tropical Americas, Africa and Asia tend to occupy different portions of the total functional trait space available across tropical forests. Tropical American forests are predicted to have 40% greater functional richness than tropical African and Asian forests. Meanwhile, African forests have the highest functional divergence-32% and 7% higher than that of tropical American and Asian forests, respectively. An uncertainty analysis highlights priority regions for further data collection, which would refine and improve these maps. Our predictions represent a ground-based and remotely enabled global analysis of how and why the functional traits of tropical forest canopies vary across space.},
}

Africa
Asia
Biodiversity
*Earth, Planet
*Forests
Plant Leaves/physiology/chemistry/anatomy & histology
Soil/chemistry
*Trees/physiology/anatomy & histology/chemistry/classification
Tropical Climate
Uncertainty

@article {pmid40045231,
year = {2025},
author = {Agyapong, D and Propster, JR and Marks, J and Hocking, TD},
title = {Cross-validation for training and testing co-occurrence network inference algorithms.},
journal = {BMC bioinformatics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {74},
pmid = {40045231},
issn = {1471-2105},
support = {2125088//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Algorithms ; *Microbiota ; *Computational Biology/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Microorganisms are found in almost every environment, including soil, water, air and inside other organisms, such as animals and plants. While some microorganisms cause diseases, most of them help in biological processes such as decomposition, fermentation and nutrient cycling. Much research has been conducted on the study of microbial communities in various environments and how their interactions and relationships can provide insight into various diseases. Co-occurrence network inference algorithms help us understand the complex associations of micro-organisms, especially bacteria. Existing network inference algorithms employ techniques such as correlation, regularized linear regression, and conditional dependence, which have different hyper-parameters that determine the sparsity of the network. These complex microbial communities form intricate ecological networks that are fundamental to ecosystem functioning and host health. Understanding these networks is crucial for developing targeted interventions in both environmental and clinical settings. The emergence of high-throughput sequencing technologies has generated unprecedented amounts of microbiome data, necessitating robust computational methods for network inference and validation.

RESULTS: Previous methods for evaluating the quality of the inferred network include using external data, and network consistency across sub-samples, both of which have several drawbacks that limit their applicability in real microbiome composition data sets. We propose a novel cross-validation method to evaluate co-occurrence network inference algorithms, and new methods for applying existing algorithms to predict on test data. Our method demonstrates superior performance in handling compositional data and addressing the challenges of high dimensionality and sparsity inherent in real microbiome datasets. The proposed framework also provides robust estimates of network stability.

CONCLUSIONS: Our empirical study shows that the proposed cross-validation method is useful for hyper-parameter selection (training) and comparing the quality of inferred networks between different algorithms (testing). This advancement represents a significant step forward in microbiome network analysis, providing researchers with a reliable tool for understanding complex microbial interactions. The method's applicability extends beyond microbiome studies to other fields where network inference from high-dimensional compositional data is crucial, such as gene regulatory networks and ecological food webs. Our framework establishes a new standard for validation in network inference, potentially accelerating discoveries in microbial ecology and human health.},
}

*Algorithms
*Microbiota
*Computational Biology/methods

@article {pmid40054299,
year = {2025},
author = {Guarischi, M and Montagnani, E and Catalano, G and Saligari, E and Signorini, S and Gori, M},
title = {From motion to interaction: How multisensory information shapes motor behaviors in children with visual impairment.},
journal = {Research in developmental disabilities},
volume = {159},
number = {},
pages = {104956},
doi = {10.1016/j.ridd.2025.104956},
pmid = {40054299},
issn = {1873-3379},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Male ; Child ; *Social Interaction ; Cues ; *Vision Disorders/physiopathology/psychology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Child, Preschool ; Attention ; *Auditory Perception ; Visual Perception ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The ability to move independently enables children to develop perceptual, cognitive, and social interaction skills. Concerning this, vision holds a key role. As a result, children with visual impairment (VI) might be more challenged in their ability to move within their surroundings and interact with their caregivers.

AIM: This study investigated whether the use of multisensory stimuli could influence the motor exploration of children with VI and shape their interaction with the caregivers. For this, the present work examined the variability of children's motor trajectory and the distance between children and caregivers in a setting with and without multisensory cues.

METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A Motion Capture System was used within an ecological playroom environment. The Strange Situation paradigm was simplified and adapted by placing three TechARMs in the corners of the playroom to deliver audio-visual stimuli, used instead of the stranger.

OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Children with VI showed larger variability within their motor trajectory and kept a shorter distance from the caregivers when multisensory cues were introduced in the playroom.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Multisensory signals were considered unusual and influenced the kinematic parameters. Motor control of the environment was achieved by managing attention flexibility. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD?: This study enriches available evidence about the study of motor and social interaction in children with VI, highlighting how multisensory stimuli could either support or hinder social and motor behaviors. Moreover, enhancing ecological validity could drive progress in the development and application of technological devices to clinical and research setting.},
}

Humans
Female
Male
Child
*Social Interaction
Cues
*Vision Disorders/physiopathology/psychology
Biomechanical Phenomena
Child, Preschool
Attention
*Auditory Perception
Visual Perception

@article {pmid40062319,
year = {2025},
author = {Boyes, D and Boyes, C and , and , and , and , and , and , and , },
title = {The genome sequence of the Alder Moth, Acronicta alni (Linnaeus, 1767).},
journal = {Wellcome open research},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {68},
pmid = {40062319},
issn = {2398-502X},
abstract = {We present a genome assembly from a male Acronicta alni (Alder Moth; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 470.37 megabases and 472.86 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (98.95%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z chromosome. Haplotype 2 was assembled to scaffold level. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.38 kilobases in length.},
}

@article {pmid40062320,
year = {2025},
author = {Boyes, D and Davis, J and , and , and , and , and , and , },
title = {The genome sequence of the Sandy Carpet moth, Perizoma flavofasciatum (Thunberg, 1792).},
journal = {Wellcome open research},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {40},
pmid = {40062320},
issn = {2398-502X},
abstract = {We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of Perizoma flavofasciatum (Sandy Carpet; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Geometridae). The genome sequence has a total length of 369.30 megabases. Most of the assembly (99.88%) is scaffolded into 30 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.61 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 11,915 protein-coding genes.},
}

@article {pmid40063696,
year = {2025},
author = {Smith, LB and Ahlich, E and Lang, B and Bollepalli, S and Prioleau, T and Bartolome, A and Hughes Lansing, A and Rancourt, D},
title = {Glycemic variability and weight-focused eating behaviors among adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes†.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric psychology},
volume = {50},
number = {4},
pages = {326-334},
doi = {10.1093/jpepsy/jsaf009},
pmid = {40063696},
issn = {1465-735X},
support = {//Dexcom, Inc/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood/psychology/physiopathology ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Male ; *Feeding Behavior/physiology/psychology ; *Feeding and Eating Disorders ; *Hunger/physiology ; *Blood Glucose/metabolism/analysis ; Adult ; Weight Loss ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) disease management and associated glycemic fluctuations can disrupt experiences of hunger and satiety, which may increase risk for disordered eating behaviors. Glycemic variability may be a useful trigger for just-in-time interventions for disordered eating behaviors. In this exploratory study, we hypothesized that two metrics of glycemic variability would be associated with greater hunger and predict eating behaviors for weight loss or maintenance in adolescents and young adults with T1D.

METHODS: Individuals with T1D were recruited from a university diabetes clinic (N = 34; 50% female, Mage = 19.53 years, MHbA1c = 7.98%; 29% Hispanic/Latinx; 79% White). Participants wore a blinded continuous glucose monitor for 5 days, and completed ecological momentary assessments (four prompts per day) that included measures of hunger and eating behaviors for weight loss or maintenance purposes. Generalized and linear mixed models were used to test hypotheses.

RESULTS: Approximately 30% of participants were at risk for an eating disorder based on Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised scores. Greater glycemic variability did not predict hunger, but was associated with increased odds of endorsing any eating behavior for weight loss or maintenance purposes within-person (ps<.05). Greater hunger was associated with increased odds of endorsing disordered eating behavior within-person (p<.05).

CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory study provides some preliminary evidence that times of greater hunger and glycemic variability may be when individuals with T1D may be at higher risk of engaging in behaviors to lose or maintain weight.},
}

Humans
Female
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood/psychology/physiopathology
Adolescent
Young Adult
Male
*Feeding Behavior/physiology/psychology
*Feeding and Eating Disorders
*Hunger/physiology
*Blood Glucose/metabolism/analysis
Adult
Weight Loss

@article {pmid40064850,
year = {2025},
author = {Roman, J and Abraham, AJ and Kiszka, JJ and Costa, DP and Doughty, CE and Friedlaender, A and Hückstädt, LA and Marcondes, M and Wetsel, E and Pershing, AJ},
title = {Migrating baleen whales transport high-latitude nutrients to tropical and subtropical ecosystems.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2125},
pmid = {40064850},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Animals ; *Ecosystem ; *Whales/physiology ; *Animal Migration/physiology ; Tropical Climate ; *Nutrients/metabolism ; Seasons ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Biomass ; Oceans and Seas ; Female ; Urea/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Baleen whales migrate from productive high-latitude feeding grounds to usually oligotrophic tropical and subtropical reproductive winter grounds, translocating limiting nutrients across ecosystem boundaries in their bodies. Here, we estimate the latitudinal movement of nutrients through carcasses, placentas, and urea for four species of baleen whales that exhibit clear annual migration, relying on spatial data from publicly available databases, present and past populations, and measurements of protein catabolism and other sources of nitrogen from baleen whales and other marine mammals. Migrating gray, humpback, and North Atlantic and southern right whales convey an estimated 3784 tons N yr[-1] and 46,512 tons of biomass yr[-1] to winter grounds, a flux also known as the "great whale conveyor belt"; these numbers might have been three times higher before commercial whaling. We discuss how species recovery might help restore nutrient movement by whales in global oceans and increase the resilience and adaptative capacity of recipient ecosystems.},
}

Animals
*Ecosystem
*Whales/physiology
*Animal Migration/physiology
Tropical Climate
*Nutrients/metabolism
Seasons
Nitrogen/metabolism
Biomass
Oceans and Seas
Female
Urea/metabolism

@article {pmid40066908,
year = {2025},
author = {Weeks, F and Myerson, R and Gangnon, R and Dykema, J and Cornelius, C and Green, T},
title = {Intrapartum Care Experiences Associated With Postpartum Visit Attendance.},
journal = {Birth (Berkeley, Calif.)},
volume = {52},
number = {4},
pages = {652-658},
pmid = {40066908},
issn = {1523-536X},
support = {//Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Adult ; Wisconsin ; *Postnatal Care/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult ; *Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data ; *Quality of Health Care ; *Perinatal Care/statistics & numerical data ; Postpartum Period ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Patient Satisfaction ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The postpartum visit is an important opportunity to prevent pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality; however, about 1 in 10 birthing people do not attend this visit. Intrapartum care experiences are an understudied factor that may contribute to postpartum healthcare engagement.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyze data from a novel survey supplement on intrapartum care experiences administered to a probability-based population sample of people who have recently given birth through the Wisconsin Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.

RESULTS: In regression models adjusting for a robust set of individual characteristics and birth hospital clustering, we find that lower provider responsiveness during intrapartum care is associated with increased odds of forgoing the postpartum visit (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-2.0).

DISCUSSION: The quality of care received during the birth hospitalization may shape how birthing people feel about health care providers and their willingness to attend future visits. Experiences of care during the intrapartum period may contribute to future health care utilization. Improving these experiences is an opportunity to promote long-term health.},
}

Humans
Female
Pregnancy
Adult
Wisconsin
*Postnatal Care/statistics & numerical data
Young Adult
*Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data
*Quality of Health Care
*Perinatal Care/statistics & numerical data
Postpartum Period
Surveys and Questionnaires
Patient Satisfaction