@article {pmid38497124,
year = {2024},
author = {Caroline, H and Clemence, B and Remi, C and Camille, SJ and Sophie, P and Isabelle, W and Jean-Noel, T and Françoise, M and Emmanuel, L and David, B and Michel, D and Vincent, F and Jean-Philippe, H},
title = {Comparison of normocalcemic versus hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism in a hypercalciuric renal stone population.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1210/clinem/dgae162},
pmid = {38497124},
issn = {1945-7197},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is commonly diagnosed in the setting of hypercalcemia, whereas normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NHPT) may be misdiagnosed.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to compare hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism (HPHPT) versus NHPT hypercalciuric renal stone patients.<br><br>DESIGN AND SETTING: We took advantage of a routine calcium load test performed in hypercalciuric renal stone patients to assess retrospectively among PHPT patients, prevalence and characteristics of NHPT and HPHPT under a calcium restricted diet.<br><br>RESULTS: Among 1671 hypercalciuric patients included, 91 patients have a final diagnosis of PHPT(post load ionized calcium (iCa)>1.31 mmol/L and PTH>30 pg/ml). Prevalence of NHPT is 40% of all PHPT, however according to total serum calcium 4/35 NHPT and 7/56 HPHPT would have been misclassified in the other group. 18/35 NHPT and 40/56 HPHPT underwent parathyroidectomy. No significant characteristics related to parathyroid weight, stone composition or bone remodeling biomarkers is detected between groups. Whereas iCa is higher in HPHPT in fasting state and after calcium load, we found no difference for calcium diet, 24-hour calciuria, or calcitriol. Of notice, renal calcium excretion (FECa) post load increases by 303% in NHPT but only 176% in HPHPT (p=0.01) likely explained by a lesser PTH decrease (p=0.02). However, a strong negative association (p<0.0001) detected between pooled pre and post load iCa and PTH only in NHPT group suggests a persistent efficient PTH-CaSR control within parathyroid glands in this group.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our data show the relevance of dynamic tests to unmask NHPT in hypercalciuric renal stone patients.},
}
@article {pmid38397450,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, G and Mi, J and Bai, J and He, Q and Li, X and Wang, Z},
title = {Non-Coding RNAs in Kidney Stones.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biom14020213},
pmid = {38397450},
issn = {2218-273X},
support = {CY2021-MS-A12//Cuiying Scientifific and Technological Innovation Program of Lanzhou University Second Hospital/ ; 82160146//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis is a major public health concern associated with high morbidity and recurrence. Despite decades of research, the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis remains incompletely understood, and effective prevention is lacking. An increasing body of evidence suggests that non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play a role in stone formation and stone-related kidney injury. MiRNAs have been studied quite extensively in nephrolithiasis, and a plethora of specific miRNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis, involving remarkable changes in calcium metabolism, oxalate metabolism, oxidative stress, cell-crystal adhesion, cellular autophagy, apoptosis, and macrophage (Mp) polarization and metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests a potential for miRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers of nephrolithiasis. LncRNAs act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to bind miRNAs, thereby modulating mRNA expression to participate in the regulation of physiological mechanisms in kidney stones. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) may provide a novel approach to kidney stone prevention and treatment by treating related metabolic conditions that cause kidney stones. Further investigation into these non-coding RNAs will generate novel insights into the mechanisms of renal stone formation and stone-related renal injury and might lead to new strategies for diagnosing and treating this disease.},
}
@article {pmid37964974,
year = {2023},
author = {Li, S and Li, H and Wang, Z and Duan, C},
title = {Stanniocalcin 1a regulates organismal calcium balance and survival by suppressing Trpv6 expression and inhibiting IGF signaling in zebrafish.},
journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1276348},
pmid = {37964974},
issn = {1664-2392},
mesh = {Animals ; *Zebrafish/metabolism ; *Calcium/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Calcium, Dietary ; },
abstract = {Stanniocalcin 1 (Stc1) is well known for its role in regulating calcium uptake in fish by acting on ionocytes or NaR cells. A hallmark of NaR cells is the expression of Trpv6, a constitutively open calcium channel. Recent studies in zebrafish suggest that genetical deletion of Stc1a and Trpv6 individually both increases IGF signaling and NaR cell proliferation. While trpv6[-/-] fish suffered from calcium deficiency and died prematurely, stc1a[-/-] fish had elevated body calcium levels but also died prematurely. The relationship between Stc1a, Trpv6, and IGF signaling in regulating calcium homeostasis and organismal survival is unclear. Here we report that loss of Stc1a increases Trpv6 expression in NaR cells in an IGF signaling-dependent manner. Treatment with CdCl2, a Trpv6 inhibitor, reduced NaR cell number in stc1a [-/-] fish to the sibling levels. Genetic and biochemical analysis results suggest that Stc1a and Trpv6 regulate NaR cell proliferation via the same IGF pathway. Alizarin red staining detected abnormal calcium deposits in the yolk sac region and kidney stone-like structures in stc1a [-/-] fish. Double knockout or pharmacological inhibition of Trpv6 alleviated these phenotypes, suggesting that Stc1a inhibit epithelial Ca[2+] uptake by regulating Trpv6 expression and activity. stc1a[-/-] mutant fish developed cardiac edema, body swelling, and died prematurely. Treatment of stc1a[-/-] fish with CdCl2 or double knockout of Trpv6 alleviated these phenotypes. These results provide evidence that Stc1a regulates calcium homeostasis and organismal survival by suppressing Trpv6 expression and inhibiting IGF signaling in ionocytes.},
}
@article {pmid38244092,
year = {2024},
author = {Cong, X and Huang, L and Wang, X and Li, L and Zhang, X and Chen, X and Xu, Y},
title = {Comparison of the bone mineral density status of patients with kidney stones stratified by stone composition.},
journal = {World journal of urology},
volume = {42},
number = {1},
pages = {42},
pmid = {38244092},
issn = {1433-8726},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; *Bone Density ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Kidney Calculi/urine ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Bone loss has been found to occur frequently in patients with particular metabolic disorders that are likely associated with certain kidney stone composition. Thus, we compared the bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with different kidney stone compositions.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 204 consecutive patients who exhibited stone formation with calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaP), uric acid (UA), and magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) underwent 24&#xa0;h urine test and BMD measurement. BMD was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN). The Z-score was used to express BMD. A BMD Z-score&#x2009;&#x2264;&#x2009;&#x2009;-&#x2009;2 was defined as a diagnostic threshold for bone loss.<br><br>RESULTS: Amongst the patients, 38 had an LS BMD Z-score of&#x2009;&#x2264;&#x2009;&#x2009;-&#x2009;2, but only 2 had FN BMD Z-score of&#x2009;&#x2264;&#x2009;&#x2009;-&#x2009;2. The group with an LS BMD Z-score of&#x2009;&#x2264;&#x2009;&#x2009;-&#x2009;2 exhibited significantly larger male&#x2009;-&#x2009;female ratio, higher frequency of hypercalciuria and CaP, and lower frequency of MAP than the group with an LS BMD Z-score of&#x2009;>&#x2009;&#x2009;-&#x2009;2. Reduced LS BMD was most remarkable in the CaP group, followed by the CaOx, UA, and MAP groups. The LS BMD Z-score of hypercalciuric patients was significantly lower than that of normocalciuric patients only in the CaP group.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Patients with different kidney stone compositions presented different BMD status. Using this information may facilitate medical decision-making in patients with kidney stone who should undergone BMD earlier.},
}
@article {pmid37190798,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, WR and Li, MT and Zhou, Q and Gao, SY and Hou, JB and Yang, GB and Liu, NM and Jia-Yan, and Yu, JP and Cheng, J and Guo, ZY},
title = {Study on Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao Inhibiting Autophagy in Calcium Oxalate-induced Renal Injury by UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS-based Metabonomics and Network Pharmacology Approaches.},
journal = {Combinatorial chemistry &amp; high throughput screening},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {90-100},
doi = {10.2174/1386207326666230515151302},
pmid = {37190798},
issn = {1875-5402},
support = {20191005//Key Specialty Construction Project of Changning District of Shanghai/ ; 82074261, 81903962//Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; PWRq2021-38//Talents Training Program of Pudong Health Commission of Shanghai/ ; QMX2022-01//Talents Training Program of the Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/ ; },
mesh = {Mice ; Animals ; *Calcium Oxalate/metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Network Pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Autophagy ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao is a Chinese herbal preparation used to treat urinary calculi. Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao can protect renal tubular epithelial cells from calcium oxalateinduced renal injury by inhibiting ROS-mediated autopathy. The mechanism still needs further exploration. Metabonomics is a new subject; the combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology can find pathways for drugs to act on targets more efficiently.<br><br>METHODS: Comprehensive metabolomics and network pharmacology to study the mechanism of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao inhibiting autophagy in calcium oxalate-induced renal injury. Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, combined with biochemical analysis, a mice model of Calcium oxalateinduced renal injury was established to study the therapeutic effect of Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao. Based on the network pharmacology, the target signaling pathway and the protective effect of Fu- Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao on Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury by inhibiting autophagy were explored. Autophagy-related proteins LC3-II, BECN1, ATG5, and ATG7 were studied by immunohistochemistry.<br><br>RESULTS: Combining network pharmacology and metabolomics, 50 differential metabolites and 2482 targets related to these metabolites were found. Subsequently, the targets enriched in PI3KAkt, MAPK and Ras signaling pathways. LC3-II, BECN1, ATG5 and ATG7 were up-regulated in Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury. All of them could be reversed after the Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian- Cao treatment.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Fu-Fang-Jin-Qian-Cao can reverse ROS-induced activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and inhibition of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, thereby reducing autophagy damage of renal tubular epithelial cells in Calcium oxalate-induced renal injury.},
}
@article {pmid38015778,
year = {2023},
author = {Tang, OW and Tang, J},
title = {Idiopathic Hypercalciuria - A Major Metabolic Risk for Calcium Kidney Stone Disease.},
journal = {Rhode Island medical journal (2013)},
volume = {106},
number = {11},
pages = {9-13},
pmid = {38015778},
issn = {2327-2228},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Hypercalciuria/complications/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Kidney Calculi/complications/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria is defined as excessive urine calcium excretion in the absence of an identifiable cause. It has been strongly associated with the risk of calcium kidney stone formation. Animal and human studies have suggested excessive bone mineral loss or increased gastrointestinal calcium absorption with abnormal renal calcium excretion may contribute to this process. In this article we will review the complex pathophysiology of idiopathic hypercalciuria and discuss clinical management and challenges.},
}
@article {pmid37823200,
year = {2023},
author = {Prochaska, M and Menezes, C and Ko, BS and Coe, F and Worcester, E},
title = {Contribution of thick ascending limb and distal convoluted tubule to glucose-induced hypercalciuria in healthy controls.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Renal physiology},
volume = {325},
number = {6},
pages = {F811-F816},
doi = {10.1152/ajprenal.00130.2023},
pmid = {37823200},
issn = {1522-1466},
support = {DK127252//HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)/ ; PO1 DK56788//HHS | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Calcium/metabolism ; Hypercalciuria/chemically induced ; Glucose ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; *Kidney Calculi ; Calcium, Dietary/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins ; },
abstract = {Carbohydrates increase kidney stone risk and increase urine calcium and magnesium. We hypothesize that the effects of glucose as an allosteric modulator of calcium-sensing receptors may mediate this effect. Six healthy subjects were on a low-sodium diet before consuming 100 g of glucose beverage. Timed fasting (3) and postglucose (6) urine and blood samples were collected every 30 min. Urine composition and serum markers were measured and microvesicular abundance of tubular transport proteins (NHE3, NKCC2, NCC, and TRPV5) were quantified. Postglucose, serum glucose, and insulin rose rapidly with a parallel increase in calcium and magnesium excretion and no change in fractional excretion of sodium. Both serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and urine TRPV5 fell in the postglucose periods. The rise in the calcium and magnesium excretion likely occurred primarily in the thick ascending limb where they are both under control of the calcium-sensing receptor. The fall in PTH and TRPV5 support the role of glucose as an allosteric modulator of calcium-sensing receptor.NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Sugar increases urine calcium and magnesium as well as kidney stone and bone disease risk. Our study provided new insights into the underlying mechanism as we gave healthy subjects an oral glucose load and used newer tools such as fractional excretion of lithium, serum parathyroid hormone, and microvesicular abundance of tubular transport proteins to characterize the mechanism and identify the thick ascending limb with possible calcium-sensing receptor mediation as a likely contributor to this mechanism.},
}
@article {pmid37568551,
year = {2023},
author = {Bauzá, JL and Calvó, P and Julià, F and Guimerà, J and Martínez, AI and Tienza, A and Costa-Bauzá, A and Sanchís, P and Grases, F and Pieras, E},
title = {Relationship between Urinary Parameters and Double-J Stent Encrustation.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {12},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm12155149},
pmid = {37568551},
issn = {2077-0383},
support = {Leonardo de la Pe&#xf1;a grant//Fundaci&#xf3;n para la Investigaci&#xf3;n en Urolog&#xed;a (FIU) in 2018/ ; PID2019-104331RB-I00//Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci&#xf3;n, Agencia Estatal de Investigaci&#xf3;n/ ; },
abstract = {(1) Background: This study aimed to determine the relationship between metabolic urine conditions and the formation, severity, and composition of encrustations in ureteral stents. (2) Methods: Ninety stone-former patients requiring a double-J stent were prospectively enrolled. We collected 24 h metabolic urine samples and demographic data, including indwelling time and previous stone composition. The total deposit weight was obtained, and a macroscopic classification according to the degree of encrustation (null, low, moderate, and high) was created, allowing for intergroup comparisons. Stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopy were performed to identify the type of embedded deposits (calcium oxalate, uric acid, and infectious and non-infectious phosphates). (3) Results: In total, 70% of stents were encrusted; thereof, 42% had a moderate degree of encrustation. The most common encrustation type was calcium oxalate, but infectious phosphates were predominant in the high-encrustation group (p < 0.05). A direct correlation was observed between the purpose-built macroscopic classification and the encrustation weights (p < 0.001). Greater calciuria, uricosuria, indwelling time, and decreased diuresis were observed in stents with a higher degree of encrustation (p < 0.05). The urinary pH values were lower in patients with uric acid encrustations and higher in those with infectious phosphate encrustations (p < 0.05). When compared to non-encrusted stents, patients with calcium-oxalate-encrusted stent showed greater calciuria, phosphaturia, indwelling time, and reduced diuresis; patients with uric-acid-encrusted stent showed greater uricosuria; and patients with infectious and non-infectious phosphate encrustation showed greater urinary pH (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: Metabolic urine conditions play a critical role in the formation, composition, and severity of double-J stent encrustation.},
}
@article {pmid37074688,
year = {2023},
author = {Alexander, RT},
title = {Kidney stones, hypercalciuria, and recent insights into proximal tubule calcium reabsorption.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {359-365},
doi = {10.1097/MNH.0000000000000892},
pmid = {37074688},
issn = {1473-6543},
mesh = {Mice ; Animals ; Humans ; *Calcium/metabolism ; Hypercalciuria/genetics/metabolism ; Claudin-2 ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; *Kidney Calculi/genetics/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Most kidney stones are composed of calcium, and the greatest risk factor for kidney stone formation is hypercalciuria. Patients who form kidney stones often have reduced calcium reabsorption from the proximal tubule, and increasing this reabsorption is a goal of some dietary and pharmacological treatment strategies to prevent kidney stone recurrence. However, until recently, little was known about the molecular mechanism that mediates calcium reabsorption from the proximal tubule. This review summarizes newly uncovered key insights and discusses how they may inform the treatment of kidney stone formers.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Studies examining claudin-2 and claudin-12 single and double knockout mice, combined with cell culture models, support complementary independent roles for these tight junction proteins in contributing paracellular calcium permeability to the proximal tubule. Moreover, a family with a coding variation in claudin-2 causing hypercalciuria and kidney stones have been reported, and reanalysis of Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) data demonstrates an association between noncoding variations in CLDN2 and kidney stone formation.<br><br>SUMMARY: The current work begins to delineate the molecular mechanisms whereby calcium is reabsorbed from the proximal tubule and suggests a role for altered claudin-2 mediated calcium reabsorption in the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria and kidney stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid37314254,
year = {2023},
author = {Djafarrian, R and Laurent, M and Demarchi, M and Bianchetto Wolf, N and Luzuy-Guarnero, V and Zingg, T and Matter, M and Triponez, F},
title = {[Surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Revue medicale suisse},
volume = {19},
number = {831},
pages = {1162-1168},
doi = {10.53738/REVMED.2023.19.831.1162},
pmid = {37314254},
issn = {1660-9379},
abstract = {Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is characterized by hypercalcemia due to inappropriate parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion mostly caused by a single adenoma. Clinical manifestations vary and include bone loss (osteopenia, osteoporosis), kidney stones, asthenia and psychiatric disorders. In 80 % of cases PHPT is asymptomatic. Secondary causes of elevated PTH such as renal insufficiency and/or vitamin D deficiency should be excluded, and 24-hour calciuria should be measured to rule out familial hyocalciuric hypercalcemia. Surgery requires radiological tests: a cervical ultrasound to exclude concomitant thyroid pathology and a functional examination (Sestamibi scintigraphy or F-choline PET scan). Management should be discussed in a multidisciplinary team. Treatment is surgical and can also be offered to asymptomatic patients.},
}
@article {pmid36959633,
year = {2023},
author = {Osman, O and Manzi, S and Wasko, MC and Clark, BA},
title = {Case report: disease mechanisms and medical management of calcium nephrolithiasis in rheumatologic diseases.},
journal = {BMC urology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {42},
pmid = {36959633},
issn = {1471-2490},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nephrolithiasis as a feature of rheumatologic diseases is under recognized. Understanding presenting features, diagnostic testing is crucial to proper management.<br><br>CASE PRESENTATION: A 32&#xa0;year old woman with a history of recurrent complicated nephrolithiasis presented to a rheumatologist for a several month history of fatigue, dry eyes, dry mouth, arthralgias. She had a positive double-stranded DNA, positive SSA and SSB antibodies. She was diagnosed with Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogren's syndrome and was started on mycophenalate mofetil. Of relevance was a visit to her local emergency room 4&#xa0;years earlier with profound weakness with unexplained marked hypokalemia and a non-anion gap metabolic acidosis. Approximately one year after that episode she developed flank pain and nephrocalcinosis. She had multiple issues over the ensuing years with stones and infections on both sides. Interventions included extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy as well as open lithotomy and eventual auto-transplantation of left kidney for recurrent ureteric stenosis. 24&#xa0;h stone profile revealed marked hypocitraturia, normal urine calcium, normal urine oxalate and uric acid. She was treated with potassium citrate. Mycophenolate was eventually stopped due to recurrent urinary tract infections and she was started on Belimumab. Because of recurrent SLE flares, treatment was changed to Rituximab (every 6&#xa0;months) with clinical and serologic improvement. Her kidney stone frequency gradually improved and no further interventions needed although she continued to require citrate repletion for hypocitraturia.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Nephrolithiasis can be a prominent and even presenting feature in Sjogrens syndrome as well as other rheumatologic diseases. Prompt recognition and understanding disease mechanisms is important for best therapeutic interventions for kidney stone prevention as well as treatment of underlying bone mineral disease.},
}
@article {pmid36949424,
year = {2023},
author = {Musiał, N and Bogucka, A and Tretiakow, D and Skorek, A and Ryl, J and Czaplewska, P},
title = {Proteomic analysis of sialoliths from calcified, lipid and mixed groups as a source of potential biomarkers of deposit formation in the salivary glands.},
journal = {Clinical proteomics},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {11},
pmid = {36949424},
issn = {1542-6416},
abstract = {Salivary stones, also known as sialoliths, are formed in a pathological situation in the salivary glands. So far, neither the mechanism of their formation nor the factors predisposing to their formation are known despite several hypotheses. While they do not directly threaten human life, they significantly deteriorate the patient's quality of life. Although this is not a typical research material, attempts are made to apply various analytical tools to characterise sialoliths and search for the biomarkers in their proteomes. In this work, we used mass spectrometry and SWATH-MS qualitative and quantitative analysis to investigate the composition and select proteins that may contribute to solid deposits in the salivary glands. Twenty sialoliths, previously characterized spectroscopically and divided into the following groups: calcified (CAL), lipid (LIP) and mixed (MIX), were used for the study. Proteins unique for each of the groups were found, including: for the CAL group among them, e.g. proteins from the S100 group (S100 A8/A12 and P), mucin 7 (MUC7), keratins (KRT1/2/4/5/13), elastase (ELANE) or stomatin (STOM); proteins for the LIP group-transthyretin (TTR), lactotransferrin (LTF), matrix Gla protein (MPG), submandibular gland androgen-regulated protein 3 (SMR3A); mixed stones had the fewest unique proteins. Bacterial proteins present in sialoliths have also been identified. The analysis of the results indicates the possible role of bacterial infections, disturbances in calcium metabolism and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the formation of sialoliths.},
}
@article {pmid36871182,
year = {2023},
author = {Li, Y and Lu, X and Yu, Z and Wang, H and Gao, B},
title = {Meta-data analysis of kidney stone disease highlights ATP1A1 involvement in renal crystal formation.},
journal = {Redox biology},
volume = {61},
number = {},
pages = {102648},
doi = {10.1016/j.redox.2023.102648},
pmid = {36871182},
issn = {2213-2317},
mesh = {Humans ; *Calcium/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; *Kidney Calculi/chemistry/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress/genetics ; Down-Regulation ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/genetics ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis is a complicated disease affected by various environmental and genetic factors. Crystal-cell adhesion is a critical initiation process during kidney stone formation. However, genes regulated by environmental and genetic factors in this process remain unclear. In the present study, we integrated the gene expression profile data and the whole-exome sequencing data of patients with calcium stones, and found that ATP1A1 might be a key susceptibility gene involved in calcium stone formation. The study showed that the T-allele of rs11540947 in the 5'-untranslated region of ATP1A1 was associated with a higher risk of nephrolithiasis and lower activity of a promoter of ATP1A1. Calcium oxalate crystal deposition decreased ATP1A1 expression in vitro and in vivo and was accompanied by the activation of the ATP1A1/Src/ROS/p38/JNK/NF-κB signaling pathway. However, the overexpression of ATP1A1 or treatment with pNaKtide, a specific inhibitor of the ATP1A1/Src complex, inhibited the ATP1A1/Src signal system and alleviated oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, crystal-cell adhesion, and stone formation. Moreover, the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine reversed ATP1A1 down-regulation induced by crystal deposition. In conclusion, this is the first study to show that ATP1A1, a gene modulated by environmental factors and genetic variations, plays an important role in renal crystal formation, suggesting that ATP1A1 may be a potential therapeutic target for treating calcium stones.},
}
@article {pmid36853379,
year = {2023},
author = {Zittermann, A and Trummer, C and Theiler-Schwetz, V and Pilz, S},
title = {Long-term supplementation with 3200 to 4000 IU of vitamin D daily and adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.},
journal = {European journal of nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {36853379},
issn = {1436-6215},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The upper tolerable intake level for vitamin D in the general population has been set at 4000 international units (IU) daily, but considerable uncertainty remains. We summarized reported harmful effects of a daily vitamin D supplement of 3200-4000 IU in trials lasting ≥ 6 months.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in several databases and identified 22 trials reporting safety data. Parameters of calcium metabolism, falls, hospitalization, and mortality were assessed.<br><br>RESULTS: The selected trials comprised a total number of 12,952 participants. All trials used supplemental vitamin D3. The relative risk (RR) of hypercalcemia in the vitamin D vs. control arm was 2.21 (95%CI: 1.26-3.87; 10 studies), with a vitamin D-induced frequency of hypercalcemia of 4 cases per 1000 individuals. Subgroup analysis in trials with&#x2009;>&#x2009;100 and&#x2009;&#x2264;&#x2009;100 study participants revealed an RR of 2.63 (95%CI: 1.30-5.30; 7 studies) and 0.80 (95%CI: 0.24-2.62; 3 studies), respectively (Pinteraction&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.06). Risks of falls and hospitalization were also significantly increased in the vitamin D arm with an RR of 1.25 (95%CI: 1.01-1.55; 4 studies) and 1.16 (95%CI: 1.01-1.33; 7 studies), respectively. Risks of hypercalciuria, kidney stones, and mortality did not differ significantly between study arms. Quality assessment revealed high risk of incomplete reporting of safety-related outcome data.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Supplemental vitamin D doses of 3200-4000&#xa0;IU/d appear to increase the risk of hypercalcemia and some other adverse events in a small proportion of individuals, indicating that this dose is not completely safe. In future studies, rigorous reporting of safety-related outcomes is needed when using moderately high doses of vitamin D.},
}
@article {pmid36790470,
year = {2023},
author = {Abdalbary, M and Chishti, E and Shakhashiro, M and Mohamed, R and Parikh, T and Nassar, MK and Sayed-Ahmed, N and Faugere, MC and Sawaya, BP and El-Husseini, A},
title = {Impact of urinary calcium excretion on kidney, bone, and cardiovascular systems in patients with bone biopsy proven osteoporosis: a longitudinal long-term follow-up study.},
journal = {Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {36790470},
issn = {1433-2965},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The impact of urine calcium on kidney, bone, and cardiovascular systems in osteoporosis is not well-known. In this 7-year-follow-up study, high urine calcium did not affect kidney function but increased risk of kidney stones, while low urine calcium increased cardiovascular diseases. Maintaining normal urine calcium is beneficial for bone health.<br><br>PURPOSE: Hypercalciuria is common in patients with osteoporosis. However, the long-term effect of urinary calcium excretion (UCaE) on patients' health is not well-examined. The current study aims to assess the impact of UCaE on kidney, bone, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with bone biopsy proven osteoporosis.<br><br>METHODS: Longitudinal study of all patients with osteoporosis who underwent bone biopsy and 24-h urine collection between 2008 and 2015 in the University of Kentucky. DXA scans, serum markers, kidney function, and cardiovascular events were recorded until last clinic visit in 2021. Exclusion criteria were secondary osteoporosis or conditions that might substantially impact UCaE. The significant results in univariate analysis were confirmed in multi-variable regression models involving clinically important covariates that might impact patients' outcomes.<br><br>RESULTS: Study included 230 patients with mean follow-up of 7.2 &#xb1; 2.9 years. The mean age was 61 years, and the mean eGFR at baseline was 85 &#xb1; 19 ml/min/1.73 m[2]. Low bone turnover (LBT) was present in 57% and high bone turnover (HBT) in 43% of patients. Hypercalciuria was found in one-third of patients with no difference between LTB and HTB. UCaE correlated positively with eGFR but did not affect the rate of eGFR decline over time. Higher UCaE predicted kidney stones development. We observed U-shaped effect of UCaE on bone health. Hypercalciuria predicted loss of BMD at all sites, but also hypocalciuria was associated with higher loss in total hip BMD. Upper limb fractures were the most observed fractures, and their incidence was higher in patients with hyper- or hypo-calciuria. Lower UCaE independently predicted development of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).<br><br>CONCLUSION: UCaE correlated with eGFR but it did not affect the change of eGFR over time. Patients with normal UCaE had lower incidence of upper limb fractures and less reduction in BMD. Low UCaE predicted MACE and CVD.},
}
@article {pmid36465204,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, SY and Collingwood, JD and Fujihashi, A and He, K and Oliver, LA and Dangle, P},
title = {Incidence of Emergency Department Presentations of Symptomatic Stone Disease in Pediatric Patients: A Southeastern Study.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {14},
number = {11},
pages = {e30979},
pmid = {36465204},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background The incidence of nephrolithiasis during childhood has increased significantly over recent decades. Some studies indicate a rapid rise in adolescents, particularly in African American women. This study serves to identify trends in symptomatic pediatric nephrolithiasis presentations to the emergency department (ED) as a result of increasing incidence and to determine associations between demographic variables at our single-site tertiary pediatric hospital in the Southeast United States. Methods After IRB approval, a review of the data provided by the Pediatric Health Information System, a pediatric database that includes clinical and resource utilization data for 51 of the largest children's hospitals in the nation, yielded 644 pediatric occurrences of nephrolithiasis at single-site emergency departments from 2006 to 2020. The percent change and average percent change in three-year intervals were calculated to establish a trend over time. A chi-square test of independence was performed to assess associations between race, gender, and age groups. Results A total of 780 stone occurrences and associated patient demographic data were reviewed for 644 children (364, 56.52% female) with median age of 183 ± 45.11 months (9-397 months). Of the 644 children, 79 (12.3%) were noted to have recurrent symptomatic nephrolithiasis, contributing to 136/780 stone events. There was a marked increase of 84.4% in confirmed pediatric nephrolithiasis occurrences over 15 years, with an average percent increase of 16.1% every three years. A Chi[2] test of independence was performed between gender and age group (>/< 10yr), gender and race, and race and age group. No expected cell frequencies were less than five. There is no statistically significant relationship between gender and age group, χ[2] (1, N=644) = 3.30, p=0.692. There is no significant association between race (Caucasian vs. non-Caucasian) and age group (>/< 10yr), χ[2] (1, N=644) = 0.393, p=0.531. There is a statistically significant relationship between gender and race (Caucasian vs. non-Caucasian), χ[2] (1, N=644) = 5.28, p=0.021. Caucasian females were more likely to present to our tertiary pediatric hospital's emergency department with nephrolithiasis than Caucasian males or non-Caucasian males or females. Additionally, our data reflected a greater percentage of symptomatic nephrolithiasis presentations occurred in the second decade of life (85.4% vs 14.3%, 552 vs 92 stone events). Conclusion Based on our data, there is a marked increase of 84.4% in pediatric nephrolithiasis occurrences from 2006 to 2020, with a mean increase of 16.1% every three years at our single-site tertiary referral pediatric hospital in the Southeast. Among demographic groups, white adolescent females have an increased risk of developing kidney stones.},
}
@article {pmid36409043,
year = {2022},
author = {Dent, EL and Ryan, MJ},
title = {Fifty years of impact on treating bone disease: a commentary on Gasser et al.},
journal = {Clinical science (London, England : 1979)},
volume = {136},
number = {22},
pages = {1657-1659},
doi = {10.1042/CS20220040},
pmid = {36409043},
issn = {1470-8736},
mesh = {Humans ; Calcium ; *Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use ; *Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Diphosphonates/therapeutic use ; *Kidney Calculi ; },
abstract = {The precise control of whole-body calcium is essential for the maintenance of normal physiological function. Disruptions in calcium homeostasis can lead to pathology including osteoporosis, kidney stone formation, and cardiac arrythmias. During the 1960s and early 1970s, a full understanding of calcium metabolism was still emerging. This commentary spotlights a seminal Clinical Science paper published in 1972 that significantly advanced the field and contributed to the eventual approval of bisphosphonate drugs commonly used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis, cancer metastases, and other calcium disorders.},
}
@article {pmid36376291,
year = {2022},
author = {Fan, G and Baker, MR and Terry, LE and Arige, V and Chen, M and Seryshev, AB and Baker, ML and Ludtke, SJ and Yule, DI and Serysheva, II},
title = {Conformational motions and ligand-binding underlying gating and regulation in IP3R channel.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {6942},
pmid = {36376291},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {R01 GM072804/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 GM080139/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism ; *Calcium/metabolism ; Ligands ; Protein Domains ; *Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; },
abstract = {Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are activated by IP3 and Ca[2+] and their gating is regulated by various intracellular messengers that finely tune the channel activity. Here, using single particle cryo-EM analysis we determined 3D structures of the nanodisc-reconstituted IP3R1 channel in two ligand-bound states. These structures provide unprecedented details governing binding of IP3, Ca[2+] and ATP, revealing conformational changes that couple ligand-binding to channel opening. Using a deep-learning approach and 3D variability analysis we extracted molecular motions of the key protein domains from cryo-EM density data. We find that IP3 binding relies upon intrinsic flexibility of the ARM2 domain in the tetrameric channel. Our results highlight a key role of dynamic side chains in regulating gating behavior of IP3R channels. This work represents a stepping-stone to developing mechanistic understanding of conformational pathways underlying ligand-binding, activation and regulation of the channel.},
}
@article {pmid36227903,
year = {2022},
author = {Cabuzu, D and Ramakrishnan, SK and Moor, MB and Harmacek, D and Auberson, M and Durussel, F and Bonny, O},
title = {Loss of Ecrg4 improves calcium oxalate nephropathy.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {e0275972},
pmid = {36227903},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/chemistry ; Calcium, Dietary ; *Esophageal Neoplasms ; Hypercalciuria ; *Kidney Calculi/epidemiology ; Mice ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; *Renal Insufficiency ; },
abstract = {Kidney stone is one of the most frequent urinary tract diseases, affecting 10% of the population and displaying a high recurrence rate. Kidney stones are the result of salt supersaturation, including calcium and oxalate. We have previously identified Esophageal cancer-related gene 4 (Ecrg4) as being modulated by hypercalciuria. Ecrg4 was initially described as a tumor suppressor gene in the esophagus. Lately, it was shown to be involved as well in apoptosis, cell senescence, cell migration, inflammation and cell responsiveness to chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, nothing is known about ECRG4's function in the renal tissue and its relationship with calciuria. We hypothesized that the increased expression of Ecrg4 mRNA is triggered by hypercalciuria and might modulate intratubular calcium-oxalate precipitation. In this study, we have first (i) validated the increased Ecrg4 mRNA in several types of hypercalciuric mouse models, then (ii) described the Ecrg4 mRNA expression along the nephron and (iii) assessed ECRG4's putative role in calcium oxalate nephropathy. For this, Ecrg4 KO mice were challenged with a kidney stone-inducing diet, rich in calcium and oxalate precursor. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Ecrg4's expression is restricted mainly to the distal part of the nephron and that the Ecrg4 KO mice develop less signs of tubular obstruction and less calcium-oxalate deposits. This promotes Ecrg4 as a modulator of renal crystallization and may open the way to new therapeutic possibilities against calcium oxalate nephropathy.},
}
@article {pmid36227501,
year = {2023},
author = {Yuan, S and Ibrahim, IAA and Ren, R},
title = {Anti-urolithiatic Activity of Daidzin in Ethylene Glycol-Induced Urolithiasis in Rats.},
journal = {Applied biochemistry and biotechnology},
volume = {195},
number = {2},
pages = {905-918},
pmid = {36227501},
issn = {1559-0291},
mesh = {Male ; Female ; Humans ; *Kidney/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ethylene Glycol/adverse effects/metabolism ; Creatinine ; Magnesium/metabolism ; *Urolithiasis/chemically induced/drug therapy/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Oxalates/adverse effects/metabolism ; Urea ; },
abstract = {Urolithiasis is a common urological disorder, which causes considerable morbidity in both genders at all age groups worldwide. Though treatment options such as diuretics and non-invasive techniques to disintegrate the deposits are available, but often they are found less effective in the clinics. In this work, we planned to investigate the ameliorative effects of daidzin against the ethylene glycol (EG)-induced urolithiasis in rats. The male albino rats were distributed into four groups (n = 6) as control (group I), urolithiasis induced by the administration of 0.75% EG (group II), urolithiasis induced rats treated with 50 mg/kg of daidzin (group III), and urolithiasis rats treated with standard drug 750 mg/kg of cystone (group IV). The urine volume, pH, and total protein in the urine were assessed. The activities of marker enzymes in both plasma and kidney tissues were analyzed using assay kits. The levels of kidney function markers such as calcium, oxalate, urea, creatinine, uric acid, magnesium, BUN, and phosphorous were estimated using assay kits. The status of antioxidants and inflammatory cytokines were also examined using kits. The renal tissues were examined by histopathological analysis. Our results revealed that the daidzin treatment effectively decreased the urine pH and protein level and increased the urine volume in the urolithiasis rats. Daidzin decreased the calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and urea, creatinine, and BUN levels and also improved the magnesium and phosphorus in the urolithiasis rats. The activities of AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, and LDH were effectively reduced by the daidzin in both serum and renal tissue. Daidzin also reduced the inflammatory marker and increased the antioxidant levels. Histopathology results also proved the therapeutic effects of daidzin. Together, our results displayed that daidzin is effective in the amelioration of EG-induced urolithiasis in rats.},
}
@article {pmid36222344,
year = {2022},
author = {Xiao, H and Qin, G and Fang, B},
title = {Nanoparticle-mediated delivery system alleviates the formation of infection stones by activating TRPV5.},
journal = {General physiology and biophysics},
volume = {41},
number = {5},
pages = {465-471},
doi = {10.4149/gpb_2022028},
pmid = {36222344},
issn = {0231-5882},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Chitosan ; Liposomes ; *Nanoparticles ; RNA ; Rats ; },
abstract = {Infection stones constitute a small but intractable group of diseases of urinary system. In this study, we explored the potential therapeutic effect of a small activation RNA, ds-320, encapsulated in chitosan (320-chitosan). Western blot analysis verified the downregulation of TRPV5 in patients and rat model of infection stones, as well as the stimulation of ds-320 on TRPV5 expression. MTT assay showed that chitosan-mediated delivery was less cytotoxic to ds-320 compared with liposome delivery. Further a modified invasion assay revealed an inhibitory effect of 320-chitosan on bacterial invasion into normal rat kidney epithelial NRK-52E cells. The establishment of infection stone model was performed by intravesical injection of 1×108 CFU of Proteus mirabilis. In animal experiments, no visible stones were obtained. The number of live bacteria and white blood cells in urine showed no difference among all infected rats at the time of sacrifice. However, we observed a decline in urine calcium and pH, suggesting the effect of acidification. Overall, our study provides evidence for the protective effect of 320-chitosan, for its ability to down-regulate urinary calcium, acidify urine, and inhibit bacteria from invading renal epithelial cells. Thus, it can be served as an important complementary therapy for infection stones.},
}
@article {pmid36142492,
year = {2022},
author = {Mikhalchik, E and Basyreva, LY and Gusev, SA and Panasenko, OM and Klinov, DV and Barinov, NA and Morozova, OV and Moscalets, AP and Maltseva, LN and Filatova, LY and Pronkin, EA and Bespyatykh, JA and Balabushevich, NG},
title = {Activation of Neutrophils by Mucin-Vaterite Microparticles.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {36142492},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/pharmacology ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Interleukin-8/metabolism ; Ions/metabolism ; *Luminol/chemistry ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Mucins/metabolism ; *Neutrophils/metabolism ; Oxidants/pharmacology ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Zymosan/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Nano- and microparticles enter the body through the respiratory airways and the digestive system, or form as biominerals in the gall bladder, salivary glands, urinary bladder, kidney, or diabetic pancreas. Calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions can precipitate from biological fluids in the presence of mucin as hybrid nanoparticles. Calcium carbonate nanocrystallites also trap mucin and are assembled into hybrid microparticles. Both mucin and calcium carbonate polymorphs (calcite, aragonite, and vaterite) are known to be components of such biominerals as gallstones which provoke inflammatory reactions. Our study was aimed at evaluation of neutrophil activation by hybrid vaterite-mucin microparticles (CCM). Vaterite microparticles (CC) and CCM were prepared under standard conditions. The diameter of CC and CCM was 3.3 ± 0.8 µm and 5.8 ± 0.7 µm, with ƺ-potentials of -1 ± 1 mV and -7 ± 1 mV, respectively. CC microparticles injured less than 2% of erythrocytes in 2 h at 1.5 mg mL[-1], and no hemolysis was detected with CCM; this let us exclude direct damage of cellular membranes by microparticles. Activation of neutrophils was analyzed by luminol- and lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (Lum-CL and Luc-CL), by cytokine gene expression (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) and release (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α), and by light microscopy of stained smears. There was a 10-fold and higher increase in the amplitude of Lum-CL and Luc-CL after stimulation of neutrophils with CCM relative to CC. Adsorption of mucin onto prefabricated CC microparticles also contributed to activation of neutrophil CL, unlike mucin adsorption onto yeast cell walls (zymosan); adsorbed mucin partially suppressed zymosan-stimulated production of oxidants by neutrophils. Preliminary treatment of CCM with 0.1-10 mM NaOCl decreased subsequent activation of Lum-CL and Luc-CL of neutrophils depending on the used NaOCl concentration, presumably because of the surface mucin oxidation. Based on the results of ELISA, incubation of neutrophils with CCM downregulated IL-6 production but upregulated that of IL-8. IL-6 and IL-8 gene expression in neutrophils was not affected by CC or CCM according to RT[2]-PCR data, which means that post-translational regulation was involved. Light microscopy revealed adhesion of CC and CCM microparticles onto the neutrophils; CCM increased neutrophil aggregation with a tendency to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We came to the conclusion that the main features of neutrophil reaction to mucin-vaterite hybrid microparticles are increased oxidant production, cell aggregation, and NET-like structure formation, but without significant cytokine release (except for IL-8). This effect of mucin is not anion-specific since particles of powdered kidney stone (mainly calcium oxalate) in the present study or calcium phosphate nanowires in our previous report also activated Lum-CL and Luc-CL response of neutrophils after mucin sorption.},
}
@article {pmid36139105,
year = {2022},
author = {Tarczewska, A and Bielak, K and Zoglowek, A and Sołtys, K and Dobryszycki, P and Ożyhar, A and Różycka, M},
title = {The Role of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins in Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation during Calcium Carbonate Biomineralization.},
journal = {Biomolecules},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {36139105},
issn = {2218-273X},
mesh = {Animals ; Biomineralization ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate ; *Intrinsically Disordered Proteins/metabolism ; Mammals/metabolism ; Otolithic Membrane/metabolism ; Salts ; },
abstract = {Some animal organs contain mineralized tissues. These so-called hard tissues are mostly deposits of calcium salts, usually in the form of calcium phosphate or calcium carbonate. Examples of this include fish otoliths and mammalian otoconia, which are found in the inner ear, and they are an essential part of the sensory system that maintains body balance. The composition of ear stones is quite well known, but the role of individual components in the nucleation and growth of these biominerals is enigmatic. It is sure that intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) play an important role in this aspect. They have an impact on the shape and size of otoliths. It seems probable that IDPs, with their inherent ability to phase separate, also play a role in nucleation processes. This review discusses the major theories on the mechanisms of biomineral nucleation with a focus on the importance of protein-driven liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). It also presents the current understanding of the role of IDPs in the formation of calcium carbonate biominerals and predicts their potential ability to drive LLPS.},
}
@article {pmid36088585,
year = {2022},
author = {Ali, FT and El-Azeem, EMA and Hekal, HFA and El-Gizawy, MM and Sayed, MS and Mandoh, AY and Soliman, AF},
title = {Association of TRPV5, CASR, and CALCR genetic variants with kidney stone disease susceptibility in Egyptians through main effects and gene-gene interactions.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {50},
number = {6},
pages = {701-710},
pmid = {36088585},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Humans ; *Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics/metabolism ; Egypt ; Receptors, Calcitonin/genetics ; Calcium/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Kidney Calculi/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; TRPV Cation Channels/genetics ; },
abstract = {Kidney stone disease (KSD) represents an urgent medical problem because of increasing its prevalence. Several functional polymorphisms in genes involved in the renal handling of calcium were associated with KSD pathogenesis. Among those, the rs4236480 of transient receptor potential vanilloid member 5 (TRPV5) gene, the rs1801725 of calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) gene, and the rs1801197 of calcitonin receptor (CALCR) gene appear to be of great importance. Due to the scarce data on the Egyptians, this study aimed to evaluate the association of these candidate genetic variants with the risk of developing KSD in an Egyptian population. To do so, the biochemical parameters were measured along with the genotyping of the three polymorphisms using allelic discrimination assay in 134 KSD patients and 86 age and sex-matched healthy subjects. The results showed that the genotypic distributions and allelic frequencies of the studied variants were significantly different between cases and controls. The three polymorphisms increased the risk of KSD significantly under all the tested genetic models (OR ranges from 2.152 to 5.994), except for the recessive model of the CALCR rs1801197 polymorphism after Bonferroni correction. The gene-gene interaction analyzed by multifactor dimensionality reduction selected the three-locus combination as the best model associated with the susceptibility to KSD with OR 9.706. Further, synergistic interactions were identified between TRPV5 rs4236480 and CALCR rs1801197 variants and CASR rs1801725 and CALCR rs1801197 variants. In conclusion, the TRPV5 rs4236480, CASR rs1801725, and CALCR rs1801197 polymorphisms showed a significant association with the risk of KSD in the Egyptian population. Furthermore, their complex interactions might have an impact on the genetic susceptibility to develop KSD.},
}
@article {pmid36087116,
year = {2022},
author = {Guimerà, J and Martínez, A and Bauza, JL and Sanchís, P and Pieras, E and Grases, F},
title = {Effect of phytate on hypercalciuria secondary to bone resorption in patients with urinary stones: pilot study.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {50},
number = {6},
pages = {685-690},
pmid = {36087116},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Hypercalciuria/complications ; Phytic Acid/therapeutic use ; Pilot Projects ; Calcium/urine ; Magnesium ; *Bone Resorption/complications ; *Urolithiasis/complications ; *Urinary Calculi/complications ; Biomarkers ; },
abstract = {The objective is to evaluate the effect of phytate supplements on calciuria in patients with urinary stones and elevated bone resorption. The secondary objective is to analyze the therapeutic effect of phytate based on measurements of serum markers of bone resorption. This is a controlled randomized study included patients according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and randomized them into two groups. Patients in the phytate group received a 380 mg capsule of calcium-magnesium InsP6 (Salvat Laboratories[®]) every 24 h for 3 months and patients in the control group received no treatment. All included patients were male or female, 18-65 years old, had hypercalciuria (> 250 mg/24 h), had a ß-Crosslaps level greater than 0.4 ng/mL, and had bone densitometry results indicative of osteopenia or osteoporosis in the femur and/or spine. At study onset, calciuria was 321 ± 52 mg/24 h in the phytate group and 305 ± 57 mg/24 h in the control group (p > 0.05). At 3 months, calciuria was significantly lower in the phytate group than the control group (226 ± 45 mg/24 h vs. 304 ± 58 mg/24 h, p < 0.05). At study onset, the mean ß-CrossLaps level was 1.25 ± 0.72 ng/mL in the phytate group and 0.57 ± 0.13 ng/mL in the control group (p < 0.05). However, at 3 months, the ß-CrossLaps level was significantly lower in the phytate group than in the control group (0.57 ± 0.13 ng/mL vs. 0.77 ± 0.42 ng/mL, p < 0.05). Phytate reduced calciuria in patients with hypercalciuria secondary to bone resorption. The ß-CrossLaps assay was effective for evaluating the efficacy of phytate on hypercalciuria during follow-up.},
}
@article {pmid35994179,
year = {2022},
author = {Chandran, M and Yeh, LTL and de Jong, MC and Bilezikian, JP and Parameswaran, R},
title = {Cognitive deficits in primary hyperparathyroidism - what we know and what we do not know: A narrative review.},
journal = {Reviews in endocrine &amp; metabolic disorders},
volume = {23},
number = {5},
pages = {1079-1087},
pmid = {35994179},
issn = {1573-2606},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium ; Cognition ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/complications ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Quality of Life ; },
abstract = {Classic symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are seen in approximately 20% of patients. While features such as kidney stones and skeletal disease are often highlighted as directly related to the disease, others can be even more prevalent. For example, cognitive dysfunction and reduced quality of life are common complaints in many patients, even among those who are classified as being asymptomatic. The pathophysiology of PHPT involves the impact of excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) on calcium metabolism. Referencing putative neurocognitive issues, many animal studies have illustrated the potential roles of PTH and PTH receptors in the brain. Functional imaging and pre-and post-parathyroidectomy studies have suggested a link between the neuronal impact of elevated PTH levels on specific functional aspects of the central nervous system, such as cognition. Confounding a direct role for PTH are hypercalcemia and vitamin D deficiency, both of which could conceivably alter CNS function in PHPT. The lack of strong evidence that parathyroidectomy improves cognition in patients with PHPT raises the question as to whether parathyroid surgery should be recommended on this basis alone. This narrative review summarizes the available literature on neurocognitive function in PHPT.},
}
@article {pmid35809664,
year = {2022},
author = {Bhardwaj, R and Bhardwaj, A and Dhawan, DK and Tandon, C and Kaur, T},
title = {4-PBA rescues hyperoxaluria induced nephrolithiasis by modulating urinary glycoproteins: Cross talk between endoplasmic reticulum, calcium homeostasis and mitochondria.},
journal = {Life sciences},
volume = {305},
number = {},
pages = {120786},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120786},
pmid = {35809664},
issn = {1879-0631},
mesh = {Animals ; Butylamines ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calnexin/metabolism/pharmacology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; *Hyperoxaluria ; *Kidney Calculi/etiology/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones/metabolism ; Rats ; },
abstract = {AIM: Urinary glycoproteins such as Tamm Horsfall Protein (THP) and Osteopontin (OPN) are well established key regulators of renal stone formation. Additionally, recent revelations have highlighted the influence of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and mitochondria of crucial importance in nephrolithiasis. However, till date conclusive approach highlighting the influence of ER stress on urinary glycoproteins and chaperone in nephrolithiasis remains elusive. Therefore, the present study was focussed on deciphering the possible effect of 4-PBA mitigating ER stress on urinary glycoproteins and calnexin (chaperone) with emphasis on interlinking calcium homeostasis in hyperoxaluric rats.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: Post 9&#xa0;days of treatment, animals were sacrificed, and renal tissues were investigated for urinary glycoproteins, calnexin, calcium homeostasis, ER environment, redox status, and mitochondrial linkage.<br><br>KEY FINDINGS: 4-PBA appreciably reversed the altered levels of THP, OPN, and calnexin observed along with curtailing the disrupted calcium homeostasis when assessed for SERCA activity and intra-cellular calcium levels. Additionally, significant improvement in the perturbed ER environment as verified by escalated ER stress markers, disturbed protein folding-aggregation-degradation (congo red assay) pathway, and redox status was found post 4-PBA intervention. Interestingly, linkage of ER stress and mitochondria was established under hyperoxaluric conditions when assessed for protein levels of VDAC1 and GRP75.<br><br>SIGNIFICANCE: 4-PBA treatment resulted in rectifying the repercussions of ER-mitochondrial caused distress when assessed for protein folding/aggregation/degradation events along with disturbed calcium homeostasis. The present study advocates the necessity to adopt a holistic vision towards hyperoxaluria with emphasis on glycoproteins and ER environment.},
}
@article {pmid35768889,
year = {2022},
author = {Aliberti, L and Gagliardi, I and Gamberini, MR and Ziggiotto, A and Verrienti, M and Carnevale, A and Bondanelli, M and Zatelli, MC and Ambrosio, MR},
title = {Beta-thalassaemia major: Prevalence, risk factors and clinical consequences of hypercalciuria.},
journal = {British journal of haematology},
volume = {198},
number = {5},
pages = {903-911},
pmid = {35768889},
issn = {1365-2141},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/epidemiology/etiology/urine ; *Kidney Calculi/urine ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; *beta-Thalassemia/complications/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {Regular transfusion and chelation therapy produces increased life expectancy in thalassaemic patients who may develop new complications. Since few data are available regarding hypercalciuria in β-thalassaemia major (TM), the aim of our study was to evaluate its prevalence, risk factors and clinical consequences. We enrolled 176 adult TM patients followed at the Center of Thalassemia of Ferrara. Hypercalciuria was defined by a calciuria of 4 mg/kg/day or more in a 24-h urine sample. Anamnestic, biochemical and radiological data were collected. Hypercalciuria prevalence was reported in 69.3% of patients (females 52.5%). Hypercalciuric (HC) patients used deferasirox (DFX) more often than normocalciuric (NC) patients (47.5% vs 29.6%; p < 0.05). In HC subjects plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) (24.1 ± 10.4 vs 30.1 ± 13.2 pg/ml) and phosphate levels (3.6 ± 0.5 vs 3.8 ± 0.7 mg/dl) were lower, whereas serum calcium (9.6 ± 0.4 vs 9.4 ± 0.4 mg/dl) and urinary 24-h phosphaturia (0.9 ± 0.4 vs 0.6 ± 0.3 g/day) were higher as compared to NC patients (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Supplementation with oral calcium and cholecalciferol was similar between the groups. A higher rate of kidney stones was present in HC (14.8%) versus NC patients (3.7%) (p < 0.05). Hypercalciuria is a frequent complication in adequately treated adult TM patients. Hypercalciuria prevalence is increased in DFX users whereas haemoglobin level or calcium supplements play no role. A significant proportion of HC patients developed kidney stones.},
}
@article {pmid35577790,
year = {2022},
author = {Lee, Y and Wiriyasermkul, P and Kongpracha, P and Moriyama, S and Mills, DJ and Kühlbrandt, W and Nagamori, S},
title = {Ca[2+]-mediated higher-order assembly of heterodimers in amino acid transport system b[0,+] biogenesis and cystinuria.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {2708},
pmid = {35577790},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Amino Acid Transport Systems/metabolism ; *Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic/metabolism/ultrastructure ; *Calcium/chemistry/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; *Cystinuria/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Cystinuria is a genetic disorder characterized by overexcretion of dibasic amino acids and cystine, causing recurrent kidney stones and kidney failure. Mutations of the regulatory glycoprotein rBAT and the amino acid transporter b[0,+]AT, which constitute system b[0,+], are linked to type I and non-type I cystinuria respectively and they exhibit distinct phenotypes due to protein trafficking defects or catalytic inactivation. Here, using electron cryo-microscopy and biochemistry, we discover that Ca[2+] mediates higher-order assembly of system b[0,+]. Ca[2+] stabilizes the interface between two rBAT molecules, leading to super-dimerization of b[0,+]AT-rBAT, which in turn facilitates N-glycan maturation and protein trafficking. A cystinuria mutant T216M and mutations of the Ca[2+] site of rBAT cause the loss of higher-order assemblies, resulting in protein trapping at the ER and the loss of function. These results provide the molecular basis of system b[0,+] biogenesis and type I cystinuria and serve as a guide to develop new therapeutic strategies against it. More broadly, our findings reveal an unprecedented link between transporter oligomeric assembly and protein-trafficking diseases.},
}
@article {pmid35574616,
year = {2022},
author = {Schlaht, KM and Sas, DJ and Davis, DMR and Hand, JL},
title = {An investigation of metabolic disturbances, including urinary stone disease, hypothyroidism, and osteoporosis in basal cell nevus syndrome.},
journal = {Pediatric dermatology},
volume = {39},
number = {5},
pages = {713-717},
doi = {10.1111/pde.15022},
pmid = {35574616},
issn = {1525-1470},
mesh = {Adult ; *Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/complications ; Child ; Humans ; *Hypothyroidism/complications/epidemiology ; *Osteoporosis/complications/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; *Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis ; *Urinary Calculi/complications ; *Urologic Diseases ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) is an autosomal dominant skin cancer predisposition syndrome associated with abnormal mineral metabolism, a risk factor for urinary stone disease (USD). However, no research investigating the association between BCNS and USD or other manifestations of abnormal mineral metabolism has been conducted. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between BCNS and conditions associated with disordered mineral metabolism including USD, hypothyroidism, and osteoporosis and compare them to prevalence in the general population to elucidate potential unknown manifestations of the condition.<br><br>METHODS: This retrospective study examined medical records of adult and pediatric patients with confirmed BCNS from the Mayo Clinic database from 1 January 1995 to 12 January 2020. Records were surveyed for evidence of USD and other comorbidities potentially related to BCNS. The studied cohort included 100 adult patients and 5 pediatric patients.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 105 patients were included in this analysis, 10 of whom experienced confirmed USD, representing a prevalence of 10%. Six adult patients were identified with a diagnosis of osteoporosis, representing a prevalence of 6%. Thirteen adult patients were identified with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism, representing a prevalence of 13%.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study identified a prevalence of USD in BCNS patients comparable to estimates of national prevalence, indicating that known abnormalities in mineral metabolism likely do not increase the incidence of USD in BCNS patients. Additional findings included increased prevalence of hypothyroidism and decreased prevalence of osteoporosis in the BCNS cohort compared to national averages.},
}
@article {pmid35514354,
year = {2022},
author = {Tamma, G and Di Mise, A and Ranieri, M and Centrone, M and Venneri, M and D'Agostino, M and Ferrulli, A and Šimunič, B and Narici, M and Pisot, R and Valenti, G},
title = {Early Biomarkers of Altered Renal Function and Orthostatic Intolerance During 10-day Bedrest.},
journal = {Frontiers in physiology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {858867},
pmid = {35514354},
issn = {1664-042X},
abstract = {Exposure to actual or simulated microgravity results in alterations of renal function, fluid redistribution, and bone loss, which is coupled to a rise of urinary calcium excretion. We provided evidence that high calcium delivery to the collecting duct reduces local Aquaporin 2 (AQP2)-mediated water reabsorption under vasopressin action, thus limiting the maximal urinary concentration to reduce calcium saturation. To investigate early renal adaptation into simulated microgravity, we investigated the effects of 10 days of strict bedrest in 10 healthy volunteers. We report here that 10 days of inactivity are associated with a transient, significant decrease (day 5) in vasopressin (copeptin) paralleled by a decrease in AQP2 excretion, consistent with an increased central volume to the heart, resulting in reduced water reabsorption. Moreover, bedrest caused a significant increase in calciuria secondary to bone demineralization paralleled by a decrease in PTH. Urinary osteopontin, a glycoprotein exerting a protective effect on stone formation, was significantly reduced during bedrest. Moreover, a significant increase in adrenomedullin (day 5), a peptide with vasodepressor properties, was observed at day 5, which may contribute to the known reduced orthostatic capacity post-bedrest. We conclude that renal function is altered in simulated microgravity and is associated with an early increase in the risk of stone formation and reduced orthostatic capacity post-bedrest within a few days of inactivity.},
}
@article {pmid35485213,
year = {2022},
author = {Puliani, G and Hasenmajer, V and Simonelli, I and Sada, V and Pofi, R and Minnetti, M and Cozzolino, A and Napoli, N and Pasqualetti, P and Gianfrilli, D and Isidori, AM},
title = {Safety and Efficacy of PTH 1-34 and 1-84 Therapy in Chronic Hypoparathyroidism: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Trials.},
journal = {Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research},
volume = {37},
number = {7},
pages = {1233-1250},
pmid = {35485213},
issn = {1523-4681},
mesh = {*Calcium ; Humans ; *Hypoparathyroidism ; Parathyroid Hormone/adverse effects ; Phosphates ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Vitamin D ; },
abstract = {Hypoparathyroidism is the only endocrine deficiency for which hormone replacement therapy is not the standard of care. Although conventional treatments may control hypocalcaemia, other complications such as hyperphosphatemia, kidney stones, peripheral calcifications, and bone disease remain unmet needs. This meta-analysis (PROSPERO registration number CRD42019126881) aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of PTH1-34 and PTH1-84 in restoring calcium metabolism in chronic hypoparathyroidism. EMBASE, PubMed, and CENTRAL databases were searched for randomized clinical trials or prospective studies published between January 1996 and March 2021. English-language trials reporting data on replacement with PTH1-34 or PTH1-84 in chronic hypoparathyroidism were selected. Three authors extracted outcomes, one author performed quality control, all assessed the risk of biases. Overall, data from 25 studies on 588 patients were analyzed. PTH therapy had a neutral effect on calcium levels, while lowering serum phosphate (-0.21 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.31 to -0.11 mmol/L; p < 0.001) and urinary calcium excretion (-1.21 mmol/24 h; 95% CI, -2.03 to -0.41 mmol/24 h; p = 0.003). Calcium phosphate product decreased under PTH1-84 therapy only. Both treatments enabled a significant reduction in calcium and calcitriol supplementation. PTH therapy increased bone turnover markers and lumbar spine mineral density. Quality of life improved and there was no difference in the safety profile between PTH and conventionally treated patients. Results for most outcomes were similar for the two treatments. Limitations of the study included considerable population overlap between the reports, incomplete data, and heterogeneity in the protocol design. In conclusion, the meta-analysis of data from the largest collection to date of hypoparathyroid patients shows that PTH therapy is safe, well-tolerated, and effective in normalizing serum phosphate and urinary calcium excretion, as well as enabling a reduction in calcium and vitamin D use and improving quality of life. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).},
}
@article {pmid35274705,
year = {2023},
author = {Esper, PLG and Rodrigues, FG and Melo, TL and Ormanji, MS and Campos, CM and Alvarenga, JC and Caparbo, VF and Carvalho, AB and Pereira, RMR and Heilberg, IP},
title = {Bone density, microarchitecture and estimated strength in stone formers: a cross-sectional HR-pQCT study.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {38},
number = {2},
pages = {425-434},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/gfac128},
pmid = {35274705},
issn = {1460-2385},
mesh = {Female ; Male ; Humans ; Adult ; Bone Density ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Calcium ; *Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; *Kidney Calculi ; Absorptiometry, Photon ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Low areal bone mineral density (BMD), increased fracture risk and altered bone remodeling have been described among stone formers (SFs), but the magnitude of these findings differs by age, sex, menopausal status and urinary calcium (uCa). This study aimed to investigate volumetric BMD (vBMD), bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and finite element analysis (FEA) in young SFs, irrespective of calciuria, further distinguishing trabecular from cortical compartments.<br><br>METHODS: HR-pQCT/FEA was performed at the distal tibia (DT) and distal radius (DR) in 106 SFs (57 males and 49 premenopausal females; median age 37 years) and compared with 106 non-SFs (NSFs) retrieved from an existing database, matched for age, sex and body mass index (BMI). Biochemical/hormonal serum and urinary parameters were obtained from SFs.<br><br>RESULTS: SFs exhibited significantly lower trabecular number (TbN) and higher trabecular separation (TbSp) than NSFs at both anatomical sites and lower cortical porosity in the DR. In a subgroup analysis separated by sex, female SFs presented significantly lower TbvBMD, relative bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and TbN and higher TbSp than NSFs at both sites, while male SFs showed significantly lower stiffness and failure load. Multivariate analysis showed TbN to be independently associated with sex and BMI at both sites and with uCa at the DR.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that bone disease represents an early event among SFs, associated at least in part with calcium excretion and mainly characterized by trabecular bone microarchitecture impairment, especially among women, but with reduced bone strength parameters in men.},
}
@article {pmid35274024,
year = {2022},
author = {Li, LS and Zhu, YP and Xia, QD and Wang, SG and He, D},
title = {High-Calcium Microenvironment during the Development of Kidney Calculi Can Promote Phenotypic Transformation of NRK-52E Cells by Inhibiting the Expression of Stromal Interaction Molecule-1.},
journal = {BioMed research international},
volume = {2022},
number = {},
pages = {2350198},
pmid = {35274024},
issn = {2314-6141},
mesh = {Apoptosis ; *Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; Phenotype ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To explore whether Stromal Interaction Molecule-1 (STIM1) participates in the phenotypic transformation of NRK-52E cells under high-calcium microenvironment.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: NRK-52E cells were treated with high concentration of calcium. The viability and apoptosis of cells were detected by CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8) and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression changes of phenotypic marker proteins (E-cadherin and OPN) and calcium channel proteins (STIMl and Orai1) in high-calcium environment were detected by western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of STIMl protein in NRK-52E cells was upregulated and downregulated by plasmid-STIM1 and plasmid-shRNA-STIMl, respectively. The expressions of phenotypic marker proteins after upregulation or downregulation of STIMl were detected again. Besides, the intracellular calcium concentrations of NRK-52E cells in different treatments were detected by flow cytometry.<br><br>RESULTS: High-calcium microenvironment can promote the phenotypic transformation and the adhesion of calcium salts in NRK-52E cells and simultaneously suppress the expression of STIMl protein in NRK-52E cells. Downregulation of STIMl protein could also promote the phenotype transformation, while both the gene silence of matrix gla protein (MGP) and overexpression of STIMl showed reverse results.<br><br>CONCLUSION: STIMl protein plays an important role in promoting phenotypic transformation of NRK-52E cells in high-calcium microenvironment.},
}
@article {pmid35084652,
year = {2022},
author = {Negri, AL and Del Valle, EE},
title = {Role of claudins in idiopathic hypercalciuria and renal lithiasis.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {54},
number = {9},
pages = {2197-2204},
pmid = {35084652},
issn = {1573-2584},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Claudin-2 ; Claudins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/genetics ; *Kidney Calculi/genetics ; *Lithiasis ; },
abstract = {Paracellular transport in the kidney is mediated by a family of proteins located in the tight junctions called claudins which confers its ionic selectivity. Claudin-2 is highly expressed in the proximal tubule and descending limb of Henle and mediate paracellular reabsorption of sodium and calcium cations. In the thick ascending limb of Henle (TALH) calcium is reabsorbed by a paracellular channel formed by Claudin-16 and-19. Claudin-16 mediates cationic permeability while Claudin-19 increases the cationic selectivity of Claudin-16 by blocking anionic permeability. On the other hand, Claudin 14, that is also located in TALH, inhibits the paracellular permeability of Claudin-16 to calcium. Recent wide genomic association analysis studies have detected four common synonymous variants (genetic polymorphisms of a single nucleotide, SNPs) at the locus of Claudin-14 gene that were significantly associated with the presence of renal lithiasis. Another study of wide genomic association and nephrolithiasis was carried out in the general population but including chromosome X, where claudin-2 gene is located. They detected nine SNPs that had a significant association with renal lithiasis risk. A greater knowledge of the paracellular pathway controlled by claudins and its regulation will allow us to develop future new treatments for idiopathic hypercalciuria and renal lithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid35008629,
year = {2021},
author = {Flisiński, M and Brymora, A and Skoczylas-Makowska, N and Stefańska, A and Manitius, J},
title = {Fructose-Rich Diet Is a Risk Factor for Metabolic Syndrome, Proximal Tubule Injury and Urolithiasis in Rats.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {35008629},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Animals ; *Diet ; Eating ; Electrolytes/urine ; Fructose ; Kidney Tubules/*injuries/pathology ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/blood/*etiology/urine ; Nutritional Status ; Rats, Wistar ; Risk Factors ; Urinalysis ; Urolithiasis/blood/*etiology/urine ; },
abstract = {Excessive consumption of fructose (FR) leads to obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance, which are known risk factors for kidney stones. The epidemiological study has suggested the association between fructose consumption and urolithiasis, but the precise mechanism is still not well understood. Male Wistar rats were assigned for 8 weeks to three groups with different FR content in diet: RD (n = 5)-regular diet with a FR < 3%; F10 (n = 6)-regular diet with an addition of 10% Fr in drinking water; F60 (n = 5)-60% FR as a solid food. Serum concentration of FR, creatinine (Cr), insulin (Ins), triglycerides (Tg), homocysteine (HCS), uric acid (UA), calcium (Ca), phosphate (Pi), magnesium (Mg) and sodium (Na) were measured. Based on 24 h urine collection the following tests were performed: urine pH, proteinuria (PCR), excretion of N-Acetyl-(D)-Glucosaminidase (NAG), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), uric acid (uUAEx), phosphate (uPiEx), calcium (uCaEx), magnesium (uMgEx) and sodium (uNaEx). The creatinine clearance (CrCl) was calculated. Calcium deposits in kidney sections were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and von Kossa stains. The rats on F10 and F60, as compared to the RD diet, showed a tendency for lower CrCl, higher HCS level and some features of MS as higher Ins and TG levels. Interestingly, F10 (fluid) versus F60 (solid) diet led to higher serum Ins levels. F10 and F60 versus RD demonstrated higher urinary excretion of MCP-1 and NAG which were suggestive for inflammatory injury of the proximal tubule. F10 and F60 as compared to RD showed significantly lower uUAEx, although there were no differences in clearance and fractional excretion of UA. F60 versus RD induced severe phosphaturia (>30×) and natriuria (4×) and mild calciuria. F10 versus RD induced calciuria (3×), phosphaturia (2×) and mild natriuria. Calcium phosphate stones within the tubules and interstitium were found only in rats on FR diet, respectively, in two rats from the F10 group and another two in the F60 group. The rats which developed stones were characterized by significantly higher serum insulin concentration and urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium. A fructose-rich diet may promote development of calcium stones due to proximal tubule injury and metabolic syndrome.},
}
@article {pmid34967159,
year = {2021},
author = {Smirnova, VI and Lebedev, DG and Lapin, SV and Emanuel, VL and E, RV},
title = {[Analysis of urinary stone composition by infrared spectroscopy in the population of the European part of Russia].},
journal = {Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)},
volume = {},
number = {6},
pages = {20-24},
pmid = {34967159},
issn = {1728-2985},
mesh = {Calcium Oxalate ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; Spectrum Analysis ; *Urinary Calculi/epidemiology ; *Urolithiasis ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Urolithiasis is one of the most common urological diseases, which affect at least 3% of the population.<br><br>AIM: To study the epidemiology of urolithiasis in the European part of the Russian Federation and to determine the composition of urinary stones in order to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of urinary stones formation.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urinary stone were obtained from 2888 patients with urolithiasis and the composition of kidney stones was analyzed using the method of infrared spectroscopy.<br><br>RESULTS: The predominance of oxalate stones was seen in kidney stones with mixed composition (83%) and the prevalence of uric acid stones (54%) was revealed in "pure" kidney stones. Urinary stones with a predominance of oxalates had significantly less impurities (12,4%) than stones with a predominance of uric acid, phosphates and carbonates with average amount of impurities more than 24%. Conslusion. The analysis of stone composition with a consideration of pathogenic factor showed that disorders of calcium metabolism in the population of the European part of the Russian Federation prevailed (88%).},
}
@article {pmid34959951,
year = {2021},
author = {Stone, MS and Martin, BR and Weaver, CM},
title = {Short-Term Supplemental Dietary Potassium from Potato and Potassium Gluconate: Effect on Calcium Retention and Urinary pH in Pre-Hypertensive-to-Hypertensive Adults.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {34959951},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcium/*metabolism/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Cross-Over Studies ; *Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Gluconates/*administration &amp; dosage ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypertension/*metabolism/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Potassium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage ; *Solanum tuberosum ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {Potassium supplementation has been associated with reduced urinary calcium (Ca) excretion and increased Ca balance. Dietary interventions assessing the impact of potassium on bone are lacking. In this secondary analysis of a study designed primarily to determine blood pressure effects, we assessed the effects of potassium intake from potato sources and a potassium supplement on urinary Ca, urine pH, and Ca balance. Thirty men (n = 15) and women (n = 15) with a mean ± SD age and BMI of 48.2 ± 15 years and 31.4 ± 6.1 kg/m[2], respectively, were enrolled in a cross-over, randomized control feeding trial. Participants were assigned to a random order of four 16-day dietary potassium interventions including a basal diet (control) of 2300 mg/day (~60 mmol/day) of potassium, and three phases of an additional 1000 mg/day (3300 mg/day(~85 mmol/day) total) of potassium in the form of potatoes (baked, boiled, or pan-heated), French fries (FF), or a potassium (K)-gluconate supplement. Calcium intake for all diets was approximately 700-800 mg/day. Using a mixed model ANOVA there was a significantly lower urinary Ca excretion in the K-gluconate phase (96 ± 10 mg/day) compared to the control (115 ± 10 mg/day; p = 0.027) and potato (114 ± 10 mg/day; p = 0.033). In addition, there was a significant difference in urinary pH between the supplement and control phases (6.54 ± 0.16 vs. 6.08 ± 0.18; p = 0.0036). There were no significant differences in Ca retention. An increased potassium intake via K-gluconate supplementation may favorably influence urinary Ca excretion and urine pH. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02697708.},
}
@article {pmid34959915,
year = {2021},
author = {Bargagli, M and Ferraro, PM and Vittori, M and Lombardi, G and Gambaro, G and Somani, B},
title = {Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation and Their Association with Kidney Stone Disease: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {13},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {34959915},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects/metabolism ; Dietary Supplements/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; Intestines ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Minerals/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Risk ; Vitamin D/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects ; Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase/genetics ; },
abstract = {Kidney stone disease is a multifactorial condition influenced by both genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as lifestyle and dietary habits. Although different monogenic polymorphisms have been proposed as playing a causal role for calcium nephrolithiasis, the prevalence of these mutations in the general population and their complete pathogenetic pathway is yet to be determined. General dietary advice for kidney stone formers includes elevated fluid intake, dietary restriction of sodium and animal proteins, avoidance of a low calcium diet, maintenance of a normal body mass index, and elevated intake of vegetables and fibers. Thus, balanced calcium consumption protects against the risk for kidney stones by reducing intestinal oxalate availability and its urinary excretion. However, calcium supplementation given between meals might increase urinary calcium excretion without the beneficial effect on oxalate. In kidney stone formers, circulating active vitamin D has been found to be increased, whereas higher plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol seems to be present only in hypercalciuric patients. The association between nutritional vitamin D supplements and the risk for stone formation is currently not completely understood. However, taken together, available evidence might suggest that vitamin D administration worsens the risk for stone formation in patients predisposed to hypercalciuria. In this review, we analyzed and discussed available literature on the effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on the risk for kidney stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid34435888,
year = {2022},
author = {Xun, Y and Zhou, P and Yang, Y and Li, C and Zhang, J and Hu, H and Qin, B and Zhang, Z and Wang, Q and Lu, Y and Wang, S},
title = {Role of Nox4 in High Calcium-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress Damage and Crystal Deposition.},
journal = {Antioxidants &amp; redox signaling},
volume = {36},
number = {1-3},
pages = {15-38},
doi = {10.1089/ars.2020.8159},
pmid = {34435888},
issn = {1557-7716},
mesh = {Animals ; *Calcium/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism ; *Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Aims: We aimed at exploring the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunit 4 (Nox4) in the regulation of hypercalciuria-induced renal oxidative damage and crystal depositions. Results: High calcium activated Nox4 expression through protein kinase C (PKC). Downregulation of Nox4 expression attenuated hypercalciuria-induced osteoblast-associated protein expression, oxidative stress injury, and crystal deposition in rat kidneys of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD) urolithiasis model. Further, calcium-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), overexpression of osteoblast-associated protein, oxidative stress injury, apoptosis, and calcium salt deposition in normal rat kidney epithelial-like (NRK-52E) cells were reversed by downregulating Nox4 expression but were enhanced by upregulating Nox4 expression in vitro. Moreover, calcium-induced increases of osteoblast-associated protein expression were attenuated by the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors. Innovation: Our results demonstrated the effect of Nox4 in the pathological process of kidney stones in in vitro and in vivo studies for the first time. Calcium aggravates renal oxidative stress injury and crystal deposition by activating the Nox4-related reactive oxygen species (ROS)-ERK/JNK pathway in the rat kidney. This study is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of kidney stones. Conclusion: Nox4-derived ROS induced by calcium through PKC caused oxidative stress damage and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells; in addition, Nox4-derived ROS induced by calcium mediated abnormal activation of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) signaling pathway through the MAPK signaling pathway, which induced renal tubular epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into osteoblast-like cells, resulting in the formation of a kidney stone. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 15-38.},
}
@article {pmid34406326,
year = {2021},
author = {van Rosendael, AR and van den Hoogen, IJ and Gianni, U and Ma, X and Tantawy, SW and Bax, AM and Lu, Y and Andreini, D and Al-Mallah, MH and Budoff, MJ and Cademartiri, F and Chinnaiyan, K and Choi, JH and Conte, E and Marques, H and de Araújo Gonçalves, P and Gottlieb, I and Hadamitzky, M and Leipsic, JA and Maffei, E and Pontone, G and Shin, S and Kim, YJ and Lee, BK and Chun, EJ and Sung, JM and Lee, SE and Virmani, R and Samady, H and Sato, Y and Stone, PH and Berman, DS and Narula, J and Blankstein, R and Min, JK and Lin, FY and Shaw, LJ and Bax, JJ and Chang, HJ},
title = {Association of Statin Treatment With Progression of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Composition.},
journal = {JAMA cardiology},
volume = {6},
number = {11},
pages = {1257-1266},
pmid = {34406326},
issn = {2380-6591},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Coronary Artery Disease/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Coronary Vessels/*diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Risk Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: The density of atherosclerotic plaque forms the basis for categorizing calcified and noncalcified morphology of plaques.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To assess whether alterations in plaque across a range of density measurements provide a more detailed understanding of atherosclerotic disease progression.<br><br>This cohort study enrolled 857 patients who underwent serial coronary computed tomography angiography 2 or more years apart and had quantitative measurements of coronary plaques throughout the entire coronary artery tree. The study was conducted from 2013 to 2016 at 13 sites in 7 countries.<br><br>MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome was progression of plaque composition of individual coronary plaques. Six plaque composition types were defined on a voxel-level basis according to the plaque attenuation (expressed in Hounsfield units [HU]): low attenuation (-30 to 75 HU), fibro-fatty (76-130 HU), fibrous (131-350 HU), low-density calcium (351-700 HU), high-density calcium (701-1000 HU), and 1K (>1000 HU). The progression rates of these 6 compositional plaque types were evaluated according to the interaction between statin use and baseline plaque volume, adjusted for risk factors and time interval between scans. Plaque progression was also examined based on baseline calcium density. Analysis was performed among lesions matched at baseline and follow-up. Data analyses were conducted from August 2019 through March 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 2458 coronary lesions in 857 patients (mean [SD] age, 62.1 [8.7] years; 540 [63.0%] men; 548 [63.9%] received statin therapy) were included. Untreated coronary lesions increased in volume over time for all 6 compositional types. Statin therapy was associated with volume decreases in low-attenuation plaque (&#x3b2;, -0.02; 95% CI, -0.03 to -0.01; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.001) and fibro-fatty plaque (&#x3b2;, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.04 to -0.02; P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001) and greater progression of high-density calcium plaque (&#x3b2;, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.03; P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001) and 1K plaque (&#x3b2;, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.03; P&#x2009;<&#x2009;.001). When analyses were restricted to lesions without low-attenuation plaque or fibro-fatty plaque at baseline, statin therapy was not associated with a change in overall calcified plaque volume (&#x3b2;, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.08 to 0.02; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;.24) but was associated with a transformation toward more dense calcium. Interaction analysis between baseline plaque volume and calcium density showed that more dense coronary calcium was associated with less plaque progression.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results suggest an association of statin use with greater rates of transformation of coronary atherosclerosis toward high-density calcium. A pattern of slower overall plaque progression was observed with increasing density. All findings support the concept of reduced atherosclerotic risk with increased densification of calcium.},
}
@article {pmid34281258,
year = {2021},
author = {Grahl, MVC and Uberti, AF and Broll, V and Bacaicoa-Caruso, P and Meirelles, EF and Carlini, CR},
title = {Proteus mirabilis Urease: Unsuspected Non-Enzymatic Properties Relevant to Pathogenicity.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {13},
pages = {},
pmid = {34281258},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Microglia/drug effects/metabolism/microbiology ; Models, Molecular ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism/microbiology ; Neurotoxins/chemistry/metabolism/toxicity ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; Platelet Aggregation/drug effects ; Proteus mirabilis/*enzymology/*pathogenicity ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism/toxicity ; Urease/chemistry/*metabolism/*toxicity ; Virulence/physiology ; },
abstract = {Infection by Proteus mirabilis causes urinary stones and catheter incrustation due to ammonia formed by urease (PMU), one of its virulence factors. Non-enzymatic properties, such as pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic activities, were previously reported for distinct ureases, including that of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Here, PMU was assayed on isolated cells to evaluate its non-enzymatic properties. Purified PMU (nanomolar range) was tested in human (platelets, HEK293 and SH-SY5Y) cells, and in murine microglia (BV-2). PMU promoted platelet aggregation. It did not affect cellular viability and no ammonia was detected in the cultures' supernatants. PMU-treated HEK293 cells acquired a pro-inflammatory phenotype, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. SH-SY5Y cells stimulated with PMU showed high levels of intracellular Ca[2+] and ROS production, but unlike BV-2 cells, SH-SY5Y did not synthesize TNF-α and IL-1β. Texas Red-labeled PMU was found in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of all cell types. Bioinformatic analysis revealed two bipartite nuclear localization sequences in PMU. We have shown that PMU, besides urinary stone formation, can potentially contribute in other ways to pathogenesis. Our data suggest that PMU triggers pro-inflammatory effects and may affect cells beyond the renal system, indicating a possible role in extra-urinary diseases.},
}
@article {pmid34214114,
year = {2021},
author = {Kwiatkowska, B and Bisiecka, A and Pawelec, &#x141; and Witek, A and Witan, J and Nowakowski, D and Konczewski, P and Biel, R and Król, K and Martewicz, K and Lissek, P and Vařeka, P and Lipowicz, A},
title = {Differential diagnosis of a calcified cyst found in an 18th century female burial site at St. Nicholas Church cemetery (Libkovice, Czechia).},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {e0254173},
pmid = {34214114},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Bone and Bones/metabolism/pathology ; Burial/methods ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cemeteries ; Cysts/*diagnosis/metabolism/*pathology ; Czech Republic ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fetus/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {During archaeological excavations in burial sites, sometimes stoned organic objects are found, in addition to human remains. Those objects might be of a different origin, depending on various factors influencing members of a community (i.e. diseases, trauma), which provides information about their living conditions. The St. Nicholas Church archaeological site (Libkovice, Czechia) in the 18th century horizon of the cemetery, yielded a maturus-senilis female skeleton with a stone object in the left iliac fossa. This object was an oviform cyst-like rough structure, measuring 54 mm in length, 35 mm in maximum diameter and 0.2-0.7 mm shell thickness. Within the object there were small fetal bones (long bones, i.e. femur and two tibias, two scapulas, three ribs, vertebrae and other tiny bone fragments). Methods utilized to analyze the outer and inner surface morphology of the cyst and its inside, included: X-ray, CT imaging, SEM, histological staining and EDS. The EDS analysis revealed the presence of primarily oxygen, calcium and phosphorus in bone samples, and oxygen and silicon, in stone shell. Based on the length of the femur (20.2 mm) and tibia (16 mm) shafts, the fetal age was determined as being in the 15-18 week of pregnancy. The differential diagnosis was conducted, including for the three most probable cases: fetiform teratoma (FT), fetus-in-fetu (FIF) and lithopedion. The possibility of fetiform teratoma was discounted due to the presence of an anatomically correct spine, long bones and the proportions of the find. Although the low calcium content in the shell (2.3% atom mass), the lack of skull bones and the better developed lower limbs indicate fetus-in-fetu rather than lithopedion, the analyses results are unable to conclusively identify the object under one of these two categories since there are insufficient such cases in excavation material with which to draw comparison.},
}
@article {pmid34152561,
year = {2022},
author = {Bargagli, M and Moochhala, S and Robertson, WG and Gambaro, G and Lombardi, G and Unwin, RJ and Ferraro, PM},
title = {Urinary metabolic profile and stone composition in kidney stone formers with and without heart disease.},
journal = {Journal of nephrology},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {851-857},
pmid = {34152561},
issn = {1724-6059},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Citrates ; Citric Acid ; *Diabetes Mellitus ; *Heart Diseases ; Humans ; *Hypertension ; *Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/metabolism ; Magnesium ; Metabolome ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Kidney stone disease seems to be associated with an increased risk of incident cardiovascular outcomes; the aim of this study is to identify differences in 24-h urine excretory profiles and stone composition among stone formers with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD).<br><br>METHODS: Data from patients attending the Department of Renal Medicine's metabolic stone clinic from 1995 to 2012 were reviewed. The sample was divided according to the presence or absence of CVD (myocardial infarction, angina, coronary revascularization, or surgery for calcified heart valves). Univariable and multivariable regression models, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, eGFR, plasma bicarbonate and potential renal acid load of foods were used to investigate differences across groups.<br><br>RESULTS: 1826 patients had available data for 24-h urine analysis. Among these, 108 (5.9%) had a history of CVD. Those with CVD were older, have higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and lower eGFR. Univariable analysis showed that patients with CVD had significantly lower 24-h urinary excretions for citrate (2.4 vs 2.6 mmol/24 h, p = 0.04), magnesium (3.9 vs 4.2 mmol/24 h, p = 0.03) and urinary pH (6.1 vs 6.2, p = 0.02). After adjustment for confounders, differences in urinary citrate and magnesium excretions remained significant. No differences in the probability of stone formation or stone compositions were found.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Stone formers with CVD have lower renal alkali excretion, possibly suggesting higher acid retention in stone formers with cardiovascular comorbidities. Randomized clinical trials including medications and a controlled diet design are needed to confirm the results presented here.},
}
@article {pmid34054913,
year = {2021},
author = {Litvinova, MM and Khafizov, K and Korchagin, VI and Speranskaya, AS and Asanov, AY and Matsvay, AD and Kiselev, DA and Svetlichnaya, DV and Nuralieva, SZ and Moskalev, AA and Filippova, TV},
title = {Association of CASR, CALCR, and ORAI1 Genes Polymorphisms With the Calcium Urolithiasis Development in Russian Population.},
journal = {Frontiers in genetics},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {621049},
pmid = {34054913},
issn = {1664-8021},
abstract = {Kidney stone disease is an urgent medical and social problem. Genetic factors play an important role in the disease development. This study aims to establish an association between polymorphisms in genes coding for proteins involved in calcium metabolism and the development of calcium urolithiasis in Russian population. In this case-control study, we investigated 50 patients with calcium urolithiasis (experimental group) and 50 persons lacking signs of kidney stone disease (control group). For molecular genetic analysis we used a previously developed gene panel consisting of 33 polymorphisms in 15 genes involved in calcium metabolism: VDR, CASR, CALCR, OPN, MGP, PLAU, AQP1, DGKH, SLC34A1, CLDN14, TRPV6, KLOTHO, ORAI1, ALPL, and RGS14. High-throughput target sequencing was utilized to study the loci of interest. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate the association between each SNP and risk of urolithiasis development. Multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis was also carried out to analyze the gene-gene interaction. We found statistically significant (unadjusted p-value < 0.05) associations between calcium urolithiasis and the polymorphisms in the following genes: CASR rs1042636 (OR = 3.18 for allele A), CALCR rs1801197 (OR = 6.84 for allele A), and ORAI1 rs6486795 (OR = 2.25 for allele C). The maximum OR was shown for AA genotypes in loci rs1042636 (CASR) and rs1801197 (CALCR) (OR = 4.71, OR = 11.8, respectively). After adjustment by Benjamini-Hochberg FDR we found only CALCR (rs1801197) was significantly associated with the risk of calcium urolithiasis development. There was no relationship between recurrent course of the disease and family history of urolithiasis in investigated patients. Thus we found a statistically significant association of polymorphism rs1801197 (gene CALCR) with calcium urolithiasis in Russian population.},
}
@article {pmid33914065,
year = {2022},
author = {Harmacek, D and Blanchard, A and Wuerzner, G and Maillard, M and Jeunemaitre, X and Azizi, M and Bonny, O},
title = {Acute decrease of urine calcium by amiloride in healthy volunteers under high-sodium diet.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {298-303},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/gfab159},
pmid = {33914065},
issn = {1460-2385},
mesh = {*Amiloride/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Calcium ; Diuretics/pharmacology ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Male ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Amiloride is a competitive blocker of the epithelial sodium (Na) channel in the renal collecting duct. It is a less potent diuretic than thiazides or loop diuretics, but is often used in association with its potassium (K)-sparing profile. Whether amiloride has a hypocalciuric effect similar to thiazides remains unclear. Animal studies and experiments on cell lines suggested that amiloride increases calcium (Ca) reabsorption in the distal nephron, but human studies are scarce.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a post hoc analysis of a study with 48 healthy males (mean &#xb1; standard deviation age, 23.2&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;3.9&#x2009;years) who were assigned to a high-Na/low-K diet for 7&#x2009;days before receiving 20&#x2009;mg of amiloride orally. Urinary excretions of electrolytes were measured at 3 and 6&#x2009;h afterwards; we calculated the relative changes in urinary excretion rates after amiloride administration.<br><br>RESULTS: The high-Na/low-K diet led to an expected suppression of plasma renin and aldosterone. Amiloride showed a mild natriuretic effect associated with a decreased kaliuresis. Urinary Ca excretion dropped substantially (by 80%) 3&#x2009;h after amiloride administration and remained low at the sixth hour. At the same time, fractional excretion of lithium decreased by a third, reflecting an increased proximal tubular reabsorption.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: During a high-Na/low-K diet, amiloride had a strong acute hypocalciuric effect, most probably mediated by increased proximal Ca reabsorption, even though a distal effect cannot be excluded. Further studies should establish if chronic amiloride or combined amiloride/thiazide treatment may decrease calciuria more efficiently and be useful in preventing kidney stones.},
}
@article {pmid33901996,
year = {2020},
author = {Gomes Coutinho, AG and Pinheiro, E and Fernandez, R},
title = {The calcium sensing receptor modulates H[+]-ATPase activity in intercalated cells.},
journal = {Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish Physiological Society},
volume = {71},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.26402/jpp.2020.6.09},
pmid = {33901996},
issn = {1899-1505},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Dogs ; Epithelial Cells/*metabolism ; Gadolinium/pharmacology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Neomycin/pharmacology ; Phenethylamines/pharmacology ; Propylamines/pharmacology ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/*metabolism ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/agonists/*metabolism ; Thapsigargin/pharmacology ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Previous studies found that calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) it's expressed in intercalated cells of the collecting duct and that its activation by calcium in the luminal membrane promotes acidification of urine. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the effects of CaSR stimulus on the biochemical activity of the vacuolar H[+]-ATPase in a cellular model of intercalated cells, MDCK-C11 cells. Biochemical activity of H[+]-ATPase was performed using cell homogenates and the inorganic phosphate released was determined by a colorimetric method. Changes in cytosolic ionized calcium ([Ca[2+]]i) were also determined using Fluo-4. A significant increase of vacuolar H[+]-ATPase activity was observed when the CaSR was stimulated with agonists such as Gd[3+] (300 μM), neomycin (200 μM) and by the calcimimetic R-568 (1 μM). This activity was also stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion by changes in extracellular Ca[2+] concentration ([Ca[2+]]o) between 10[-2] and 2 mM. The calciolytic NPS 2143 (150 nM) significantly reduced the vacuolar H[+]-ATPase activity observed with 2 mM [Ca[2+]]o. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity with U73122 (5 x 10[-7] M) reversed the increase in pump activity observed in the presence of Gd[3+]. Activation of CaSR by the specific CaSR agonist R-568 produced a sustained rise of [Ca[2+]]i, an effect that disappears when extracellular calcium was removed in the presence of thapsigargin. In summary, CaSR stimulation induces an increase in the vacuolar H[+]-ATPase activity of MDCK-C11 cells, an effect that involves an increase in [Ca[2+]]i and require PLC activity. The consequent decrease in intratubular pH could lead to increase ionization of luminal calcium, potentially reducing the formation of calcium phosphate stones.},
}
@article {pmid33818937,
year = {2021},
author = {Porhanov, VA and Medvedev, VL and Budanov, AA and Kurzanov, AN and Basov, AA},
title = {[Determination of calcium metabolism markers concentration in patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)},
volume = {},
number = {1},
pages = {60-65},
pmid = {33818937},
issn = {1728-2985},
mesh = {Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Nephrolithiasis ; Osteopontin ; *Urolithiasis ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: THE AIM OF THE RESEARCH: to reveal the relationship of various markers of calcium metabolism (osteopontin (OPN), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH)) on the course of urolithiasis (Urolithiasis) in patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 people were examined, the following groups were included: group 1 - patients with calcium oxalate primary nephrolithiasis (n=41), group 2 - with calcium oxalate recurrent nephrolithiasis (n=39). Group 3 included conditionally healthy volunteers (n=20). The studies were carried out by the immunoenzymometric ELIZA and biochemical methods using appropriate test systems.<br><br>RESULTS: in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis, the serum PTHrP level is 54.6 (25.4-78.2) pg / ml, which is 3.7 times higher than in conventionally healthy individuals; the level of osteopontin is more than 1.5 times higher and amounts to 1.820 (0.991-2.212) pg / ml. In the group of primary nephrolithiasis, the level of PTHrP is 2-2.5 times higher than in conventionally healthy people. In patients with primary nephrolithiasis, the blood calcium level does not correlate with the level of PTHrP in the blood (r=- 0.0173, p> 0.05), as in the group with recurrent nephrolithiasis (r=0.0223, p>0.05).<br><br>DISCUSSION: in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis in the preoperative period, the serum levels of osteopontin and PTHrP in the blood serum were higher than in patients who were first diagnosed with urolithiasis, the data obtained can be used as a criterion for predicting the risk of recurrence of urolithiasis in the postoperative period. The blood calcium level does not have a statistically significant relationship with PTHrP, which allows us to assume that PTHrP has other mechanisms of influence on the development of urolithiasis, given the data obtained that the PTHrP level in patients with primary and recurrent nephrolithiasis is higher than in conditionally healthy people.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Determination of the level of PTHrP and osteopontin in patients with urolithiasis allows predicting the risk of recurrence of urolithiasis at the stage of primary calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Determination of the level of PTHrP makes it possible to predict the risks of developing urolithiasis in conventionally healthy individuals, which can be used for targeted prevention of an unfavorable course of urolithiasis by prescribing timely adequate rational therapy and correcting the patients diet. At the same time, no correlation was found between the level of PTHrP and the level of blood calcium in patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis; therefore, further studies of the role of this protein in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis are needed.},
}
@article {pmid33808324,
year = {2021},
author = {Liu, CJ and Cheng, CW and Tsai, YS and Huang, HS},
title = {Crosstalk between Renal and Vascular Calcium Signaling: The Link between Nephrolithiasis and Vascular Calcification.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {33808324},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling/*physiology ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/genetics/metabolism/physiopathology ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics ; Vascular Calcification/genetics/*metabolism/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {Calcium (Ca[2+]) is an important mediator of multicellular homeostasis and is involved in several diseases. The interplay among the kidney, bone, intestine, and parathyroid gland in Ca[2+] homeostasis is strictly modulated by numerous hormones and signaling pathways. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein-coupled receptor, that is expressed in calcitropic tissues such as the parathyroid gland and the kidney, plays a pivotal role in Ca[2+] regulation. CaSR is important for renal Ca[2+], as a mutation in this receptor leads to hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis. In addition, CaSR is also widely expressed in the vascular system, including vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and participates in the process of vascular calcification. Aberrant Ca[2+] sensing by the kidney and VSMCs, owing to altered CaSR expression or function, is associated with the formation of nephrolithiasis and vascular calcification. Based on emerging epidemiological evidence, patients with nephrolithiasis have a higher risk of vascular calcification, but the exact mechanism linking the two conditions is unclear. However, a dysregulation in Ca[2+] homeostasis and dysfunction in CaSR might be the connection between the two. This review summarizes renal calcium handling and calcium signaling in the vascular system, with a special focus on the link between nephrolithiasis and vascular calcification.},
}
@article {pmid33802660,
year = {2021},
author = {Awuah Boadi, E and Shin, S and Yeroushalmi, S and Choi, BE and Li, P and Bandyopadhyay, BC},
title = {Modulation of Tubular pH by Acetazolamide in a Ca[2+] Transport Deficient Mice Facilitates Calcium Nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {33802660},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {DK102043/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK102043/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R21 EB021483/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Acetazolamide/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Calcinosis/complications ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects ; Fibrosis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Inflammation/pathology ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects/*metabolism/*pathology ; Mice ; Nephrolithiasis/*metabolism/*pathology/urine ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; TRPC Cation Channels/metabolism ; Up-Regulation/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Proximal tubular (PT) acidosis, which alkalinizes the urinary filtrate, together with Ca[2+] supersaturation in PT can induce luminal calcium phosphate (CaP) crystal formation. While such CaP crystals are known to act as a nidus for CaP/calcium oxalate (CaOx) mixed stone formation, the regulation of PT luminal Ca[2+] concentration ([Ca[2+]]) under elevated pH and/or high [Ca[2+]] conditions are unknown. Since we found that transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) knockout (KO; -/-) mice could produce mild hypercalciuria with CaP urine crystals, we alkalinized the tubular pH in TRPC3-/- mice by oral acetazolamide (0.08%) to develop mixed urinary crystals akin to clinical signs of calcium nephrolithiasis (CaNL). Our ratiometric (λ340/380) intracellular [Ca[2+]] measurements reveal that such alkalization not only upsurges Ca[2+] influx into PT cells, but the mode of Ca[2+] entry switches from receptor-operated to store-operated pathway. Electrophysiological experiments show enhanced bicarbonate related current activity in treated PT cells which may determine the stone-forming phenotypes (CaP or CaP/CaOx). Moreover, such alkalization promotes reactive oxygen species generation, and upregulation of calcification, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis in PT cells, which were exacerbated in absence of TRPC3. Altogether, the pH-induced alteration of the Ca[2+] signaling signature in PT cells from TRPC3 ablated mice exacerbated the pathophysiology of mixed urinary stone formation, which may aid in uncovering the downstream mechanism of CaNL.},
}
@article {pmid33796889,
year = {2022},
author = {Downie, ML and Alexander, RT},
title = {Molecular mechanisms altering tubular calcium reabsorption.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {37},
number = {4},
pages = {707-718},
pmid = {33796889},
issn = {1432-198X},
support = {//CIHR/Canada ; },
mesh = {*Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary ; Claudins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/genetics/metabolism ; *Kidney Calculi ; Male ; },
abstract = {The majority of calcium filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed along the nephron. Most is reabsorbed from the proximal tubule (> 60%) via a paracellular pathway composed of the tight junction proteins claudins-2 and -12, a process driven by sodium and consequently water reabsorption. The thick ascending limb reabsorbs the next greatest amount of calcium (20-25%), also by a paracellular pathway composed of claudins-16 and -19. This pathway is regulated by the CaSR, whose activity increases the expression of claudin-14, a protein that blocks paracellular calcium reabsorption. The fine tuning of urinary calcium excretion occurs in the distal convoluted and connecting tubule by a transcellular pathway composed of the apical calcium channel TRPV5, the calcium shuttling protein calbindin-D28K and the basolateral proteins PMCA1b and the sodium calcium exchanger, NCX. Not surprisingly, mutations in a subset of these genes cause monogenic disorders with hypercalciuria as a part of the phenotype. More commonly, "idiopathic" hypercalciuria is encountered clinically with genetic variations in CLDN14, the CASR and TRPV5 associating with kidney stones and increased urinary calcium excretion. An understanding of the molecular pathways conferring kidney tubular calcium reabsorption is employed in this review to help explain how dietary and medical interventions for this disorder lower urinary calcium excretion.},
}
@article {pmid33744642,
year = {2021},
author = {de Carvalho, JF and Churilov, LP},
title = {Safety of megadose of vitamin D in patients with nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)},
volume = {87-88},
number = {},
pages = {111201},
doi = {10.1016/j.nut.2021.111201},
pmid = {33744642},
issn = {1873-1244},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Vitamin D ; *Vitamin D Deficiency/complications/drug therapy ; Vitamins ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This article describes two patients with renal lithiasis who received a megadose of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) and had a good outcome.<br><br>METHODS: The first case reports a 74-year-old man with a long-term history of renal lithiasis and about four episodes of renal crisis. He was treated once with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. He also had a history of dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Laboratory tests demonstrated 25(OH)D of 28 ng/mL (normal range (nr): >30 ng/mL), normal lipid levels, creatinine of 1.1 mg/dL, and homocysteine of 26.6 mcmol/L (nr: 5-15 mcmol/L); parathyroid hormone (PTH) was high at 67.3 pg/mL (nr: 10-65 pg/mL), serum total calcium was 8.6 mg/dL, 24-h urinary calcium was 139 mg/d (normal range 100-300 mg/d), and urinary sediment was normal. He received 50 000 IU per week of vitamin D for 3 mo, and 25(OH)D increased to 36.6 ng/mL. Urinary calcium was 142 mg/d, PTH was 46.7 pg/mL, and serum calcium was 9.6 mg/dL. No renal crisis was perceived. He asked for an alternative form of medication since he usually would forget to take drugs. Vitamin D in a single dose of 600 000 IU intramuscular was prescribed. He was asked to increase water intake to 2 to 3 L/d. After 3 mo his 25(OH)D was 75.0 ng/mL, serum calcium was 9.2 mg/dL, urinary calcium was 148 mg/d, and PTH was 38.7 pg/mL. He had no episodes of lithiasis renal crisis. Folic acid and methylcobalamin were added, and homocysteine normalized. At follow-up 3 y later, the patient was asymptomatic, cardiologic evaluation was stable without any other renal lithiasis crises, 25(OH)D continued to be normal at 62 ng/mL, and he received a megadose of vitamin D every 6 mo. Renal ultrasound revealed only microlithiasis. The second case reports a 52-year-old man with a long-term history of renal lithiasis experienced since he was 30 y old, with three renal crisis episodes. He was treated with an extracorporeal shock wave three times. Laboratory tests demonstrated 25(OH)D 18 ng/mL, normal biochemistry, total serum calcium of 10.2 mg/dL, 24-h urinary calcium of 154 mg/d, and normal urinary sediment. He received 50 000 IU per week of 25(OH)D for 3 mo, and 25(OH)D increased to 40.3 ng/mL. Urinary calcium was 167 mg/d, PTH was 35.3 pg/mL, and serum calcium was 10.1 mg/dL. No renal crisis was perceived. He asked for an alternative form of medication, and vitamin D in a single dose of 600 000 IU intramuscular was prescribed. He was asked to increase water intake to 2 to 3 L/d. After 3 mo, his 25(OH)D was 82.0 ng/mL, serum calcium was 9.6 mg/dL, urinary calcium was 175 mg/d, and PTH was 35.3 pg/mL. The renal ultrasound was unchanged. He had no episodes of lithiasis renal crisis. At follow-up 4 y later, the patient was asymptomatic without any other renal lithiasis crises, a renal ultrasound revealed a reduction of calculi size to microlithiasis, 25(OH)D continues normal, and he received a megadose of this vitamin every 4 mo.<br><br>CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a megadose of vitamin D used in patients with nephrolithiasis. Furthermore, this shows the safety of this strategy in patients without hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid33573587,
year = {2022},
author = {Kumar, A and Balbach, J},
title = {Inactivation of Parathyroid Hormone: Perspectives of Drug Discovery to Combating Hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Current molecular pharmacology},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {292-305},
doi = {10.2174/1874467214666210126112839},
pmid = {33573587},
issn = {1874-4702},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism/drug therapy/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; *Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Hormonal coordination is tightly regulated within the human body and thus regulates human physiology. The parathyroid hormone (PTH), a member of the endocrine system, regulates the calcium and phosphate level within the human body. Under non-physiological conditions, PTH levels get upregulated (hyperparathyroidism) or downregulated (hypoparathyroidism) due to external or internal factors. In case of hyperparathyroidism, elevated PTH stimulates cellular receptors present in the bones, kidneys, and intestines to increase the blood calcium level, leading to calcium deposition. This eventually causes various symptoms, including kidney stones. Currently, there is no known medication that directly targets PTH in order to suppress its function. Therefore, it is of great interest to find novel small molecules or any other means that can modulate PTH function. The molecular signaling of PTH starts by binding its N-terminus to the G-protein coupled PTH1/2 receptor. Therefore, any intervention that affects the N-terminus of PTH could be a lead candidate for treating hyperparathyroidism. As a proof-of-concept, there are various possibilities to inhibit molecular PTH function by (i) a small molecule, (ii) N-terminal PTH phosphorylation, (iii) fibril formation and (iv) residue-specific mutations. These modifications put PTH into an inactive state, which will be discussed in detail in this review article. We anticipate that exploring small molecules or other means that affect the N-terminus of PTH could be lead candidates in combating hyperparathyroidism.},
}
@article {pmid33483520,
year = {2021},
author = {Yi, F and Garrett, T and Deisseroth, K and Haario, H and Stone, E and Lawrence, JJ},
title = {Septohippocampal transmission from parvalbumin-positive neurons features rapid recovery from synaptic depression.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {2117},
pmid = {33483520},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {R01 NS069689/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 NS069689-04S1/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P20RR015583/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Algorithms ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Hippocampus/cytology/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials/physiology ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Neurological ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism/*physiology ; Optogenetics/methods ; Parvalbumins/*metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Septum of Brain/cytology/*physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission/*physiology ; },
abstract = {Parvalbumin-containing projection neurons of the medial-septum-diagonal band of Broca ([Formula: see text]) are essential for hippocampal rhythms and learning operations yet are poorly understood at cellular and synaptic levels. We combined electrophysiological, optogenetic, and modeling approaches to investigate [Formula: see text] neuronal properties. [Formula: see text] neurons had intrinsic membrane properties distinct from acetylcholine- and somatostatin-containing MS-DBB subtypes. Viral expression of the fast-kinetic channelrhodopsin ChETA-YFP elicited action potentials to brief (1-2 ms) 470 nm light pulses. To investigate [Formula: see text] transmission, light pulses at 5-50 Hz frequencies generated trains of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in CA1 stratum oriens interneurons. Using a similar approach, optogenetic activation of local hippocampal PV ([Formula: see text]) neurons generated trains of [Formula: see text]-mediated IPSCs in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Both synapse types exhibited short-term depression (STD) of IPSCs. However, relative to [Formula: see text] synapses, [Formula: see text] synapses possessed lower initial release probability, transiently resisted STD at gamma (20-50 Hz) frequencies, and recovered more rapidly from synaptic depression. Experimentally-constrained mathematical synapse models explored mechanistic differences. Relative to the [Formula: see text] model, the [Formula: see text] model exhibited higher sensitivity to calcium accumulation, permitting a faster rate of calcium-dependent recovery from STD. In conclusion, resistance of [Formula: see text] synapses to STD during short gamma bursts enables robust long-range GABAergic transmission from MS-DBB to hippocampus.},
}
@article {pmid33420577,
year = {2021},
author = {Charles, PY and Letavernier, E and Périé, S and Gauthé, M and Daudon, M and Haymann, JP},
title = {Effect of parathyroidectomy on renal stone recurrence.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {49},
number = {4},
pages = {327-334},
pmid = {33420577},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/*complications/*surgery ; Kidney Calculi/*complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Parathyroidectomy ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is routinely performed in hypercalciuric renal stone patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). However, some data indicate a persistent stone activity following PTX, raising the issue of the link between PHPT and stone disease. We performed an observational study on 30 renal stone patients diagnosed with PHPT. Patients were selected among 1448 hypercalciuric patients referred in our department for a diagnostic evaluation. Patients with no parathyroid surgery or any biological follow-up were excluded. Clinical and biological data (including 24-h urine collection and a calcium load test) were collected before and within 12 months following surgery. Stone recurrence was evaluated by direct phone contact (median 43 months). Comparison of biological data before and after surgery showed a significant decrease of ionized calcium and serum parathyroid hormone after PTX. All stones contained calcium-dependent species such as carbapatite, brushite or dihydrate calcium oxalate. Urine saturation indexes and calciuria significantly decreased after surgery (from 9.9 to 5.9 mmol/d, p < 0.0001), but a persistent hypercalciuria was detected in 47% of patients. The other stone risk factors including diuresis stayed similar. Stone activity that was increasing (from 0.20-0.30 to 0.50-0.75/year) the 2 years before PTX, significantly decreased after surgery [0.05-0.15/year (p < 0.001)]. PTX in calcium-dependent renal stone formers with PHPT significantly decreases both stone recurrence and urine saturation indexes. However, PTX unmasked an underlying renal stone disease related to idiopathic hypercalciuria in half of patients with a remaining stone activity, testifying the need for patient's follow-up to prevent stone recurrence.},
}
@article {pmid33419710,
year = {2021},
author = {Keller, EX and De Coninck, V and Pietropaolo, A and Somani, B and Haymann, JP and Daudon, M},
title = {Metabolic Evaluation: Place of the Calcium Load Test: How, When, For Whom, and Why?.},
journal = {European urology focus},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {26-30},
doi = {10.1016/j.euf.2020.12.019},
pmid = {33419710},
issn = {2405-4569},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*diagnosis ; Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*etiology ; *Urinary Calculi ; },
abstract = {Most human urinary stones are calcium-based and are often associated with hypercalciuria. A simple test described in 1975 by Pak et al allows for pathogenic classification of hypercalciuria: the calcium load test (CLT). The CLT explores calcium homeostasis after a low-calcium diet and then a calcium load (typically oral administration of 1 g of elemental calcium). Only simple laboratory equipment is required. Inadequate calcium excretion after a calcium-free diet or a calcium load is suggestive of resorptive or absorptive hypercalciuria, respectively. The CLT is particularly valuable in diagnosing primary hyperparathyroidism, even in most early stages of this disease. PATIENT SUMMARY: Kidney stone formation can be linked to calcium metabolism. When high calcium levels are found in urine despite adequate diet changes, a calcium load test may help to understand the underlying mechanisms. Urine and blood levels are explored during a low-calcium diet phase, and after a calcium load phase in the test. The calcium load test is particularly advantageous for revealing abnormally high function of the parathyroid gland, which is called hyperparathyroidism.},
}
@article {pmid33377691,
year = {2020},
author = {Litvinova, MM and Filippova, TV and Khafizov, KF and Svetlichnaya, DV and Ahmedzyanova, DA and Rudenko, VI and Gadzhieva, ZK and Shumikhina, MV},
title = {[A complicated case of calcium urolithiasis in a carrier of SLC7A9 gene mutation responsible for cystinuria].},
journal = {Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)},
volume = {},
number = {6},
pages = {126-130},
pmid = {33377691},
issn = {1728-2985},
mesh = {Amino Acid Transport Systems, Basic/genetics ; Calcium ; Child ; *Cystinuria/genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; *Urinary Calculi ; *Urolithiasis/genetics ; },
abstract = {The article describes a clinical case of kidney stone disease (KSD) in a child of 4 y.o. with calcium urolithiasis. Analysis of chemical content of the kidney stones revealed their calcium-oxalate composition. According to the results of clinical exome sequencing the patient found to be a heterozygous carrier of a pathogenic variant c.695A>G (p.Tyr232Cys) in the gene SLC7A9, attributable for an autosomal recessive form of cystinuria type B. Because of the uroliths calcium composition the patient was also genotyped for SNPs in 15 genes involved in calcium metabolism. Polymorphisms associated with increased risk of calcium urolithiasis were found in 8 of 15 tested genes. The findings could explain clinical features of the patient.},
}
@article {pmid33174123,
year = {2021},
author = {Lanka, P and Devana, SK and Singh, SK and Sapehia, D and Kaur, J},
title = {Klotho gene polymorphism in renal stone formers from Northwestern India.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {49},
number = {3},
pages = {195-199},
pmid = {33174123},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotyping Techniques ; Glucuronidase/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/*genetics/metabolism ; Klotho Proteins ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prospective Studies ; White People/genetics ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {Klotho gene is an important gene involved in calcium homeostasis, and polymorphisms of this gene may render the individual prone to renal stone formation. We evaluated G395A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Klotho gene at rs1207568 in renal stone patients of North India. This was a prospective study involving 150 patients of renal stone disease (aged 15-60 years) and 100 age- and sex-matched controls. The DNA was isolated and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identifying the G395A Klotho SNPs at rs1207568. Confronting two pair primers were used, and gel electrophoresis showing two bands at 175,252 bp was considered as GG genotype, three bands at 121,175 and 252 bp as GA and two bands at 121 and 252 bp as AA genotype. The association between genotype and cases was evaluated by using Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Cases and controls were well matched for age (40.65 vs 42.06, p = 0.063) and sex (p = 0.420). Significantly high proportion of patients with renal stones had GG genotype as compared to controls (odds ratio (OR) 2.37(1.39,4.03), p = 0.001). None of the participants (cases and controls) had homozygous recessive AA genotype. The risk of stone formation was significantly higher in the population carrying G allele {OR 1.94 (1.225-3.073), p 0.004}
. Mean serum calcium was higher in stone formers with GG genotype as compared to those with GA genotype (9.16 mg/dl vs 8.91 mg/dl; p = 0.06). GG genotype of G396A Klotho gene SNPs is associated with renal stone formation. The G allele carrier is twice at risk of renal stone formation. The absence of AA genotype in north-western Indian population remains a curiosity.},
}
@article {pmid33161469,
year = {2021},
author = {Stern, JM and Burk, RD and Asplin, J and Krieger, NS and Suadicani, SO and Wang, Y and Usyk, M and Lee, JA and Chen, L and Becker, J and Chan, M and Bushinsky, DA},
title = {Kidney stone formation and the gut microbiome are altered by antibiotics in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {49},
number = {3},
pages = {185-193},
pmid = {33161469},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Ciprofloxacin/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Feces/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*drug effects ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*complications/genetics/microbiology/urine ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*etiology/urine ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Rats ; Renal Elimination ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Antibiotics can alter the gut microbiome (GMB), which may be associated with stone disease. We sought to determine the effect that antibiotics have on the GMB, urine ion excretion and stone formation in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rats. 116th generation GHS rats were fed a fixed amount of a normal calcium (1.2%) and phosphate (0.65%) diet, and divided into three groups (n = 10): control (CTL) diet, or supplemented with ciprofloxacin (Cipro, 5 mg/day) or Bactrim (250 mg/day). Urine and fecal pellets were collected over 6, 12 and 18 weeks. Fecal DNA was amplified across the 16S rRNA V4 region. At 18 weeks, kidney stone formation was visualized by Faxitron and blindly assessed by three investigators. After 18 weeks, urine calcium and oxalate decreased with Bactrim compared to CTL and Cipro. Urine pH increased with Bactrim compared to CTL and Cipro. Urine citrate increased with Cipro compared to CTL and decreased by half with Bactrim. Calcification increased with Bactrim compared to CTL and Cipro. Increased microbial diversity correlated with decreased urinary oxalate in all animals (R = - 0.46, p = 0.006). A potential microbial network emerged as significantly associated with shifts in urinary pH. Bactrim and Cipro differentially altered the GMB of GHS rats. The Bactrim group experienced a decrease in urine calcium, increased CaP supersaturation and increased calcification. The GMB is likely a contributing factor to changes in urine chemistry, supersaturation and stone risk. Further investigation is required to fully understand the association between antibiotics, the GMB and kidney stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid33042926,
year = {2020},
author = {Aoun, B and Sanjad, S and Degheili, JA and Barhoumi, A and Bassyouni, A and Karam, PE},
title = {Kidney and Metabolic Phenotypes in Glycogen Storage Disease Type-I Patients.},
journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {591},
pmid = {33042926},
issn = {2296-2360},
abstract = {Patients and Methods: A retrospective chart review of 32 GSD- I patients, followed at the American University of Beirut Medical Center, between 2007 and 2018 was conducted. Diagnosis was confirmed by enzymatic and/or genetic studies. Clinical presentation, growth, and kidney outcome were assessed. All patients were evaluated for body mass index, blood parameters of metabolic control including uric acid, alanine, lactic acid, and triglycerides in blood. Kidney evaluation included creatinine clearance, microalbuminuria, citraturia, and calciuria as well as urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio. Results: Almost one third of GSD-I patients developed microalbuminuria. This was detected below 7 months of age in 36% of patients who required early treatment with ACEI with significant reduction in albuminuria. Kidney stones were present in 6% and were associated with hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia. Poor metabolic control reflected by hyperuricemia, lactic acidosis, and hyperalaninemia were noted only in patients who developed microalbuminuria. Conclusion: Glomerular injury may appear in early infancy in poorly controlled patients. Adequate metabolic control and ACEI therapy may improve kidney outcome in GSD I patients. Plasma alanine appears to be a promising and reliable marker reflecting metabolic control in GSD-I patients.},
}
@article {pmid35782986,
year = {2022},
author = {Guo, S and Chia, W and Wang, H and Bushinsky, DA and Zhong, B and Favus, MJ},
title = {Vitamin D receptor (VDR) contributes to the development of hypercalciuria by sensitizing VDR target genes to vitamin D in a genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rat model.},
journal = {Genes &amp; diseases},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {797-806},
pmid = {35782986},
issn = {2352-3042},
abstract = {Human idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is the most common cause of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis with perturbed calcium metabolism with increased bone resorption and decreased renal calcium reabsorption, which can be phenotype-copied in the genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rat model. We previously demonstrated that high VDR expression plays important roles in the development of hypercalciuria in the GHS rats. However, the underlying mechanism through which VDR impact hypercalciuria development remains to be fully understood. Here, we sought to determine how VDR regulated its target genes that are implicated in calcium homeostasis and potentially hypercalciuria. We found that VDR expression in the GHS rats was elevated in the calcium transporting tissues, as well as in the thymus and prostate, but not in lung, brain, heart, liver and spleen, when compared with control SD rats. Snail expression in the GHS rats was significantly downregulated in kidney, intestine, thymus and testis. Intraperitoneal injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly upregulated the expression of renal calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), intestinal calcium transporters transient receptor potential vanilloid type 6 (TRPV6), and VDR in GHS rats, compared with that in control SD rats. ChIP assays revealed that VDR specifically bound to the proximal promoters of target genes, followed by histone H3 hyperacetylation or hypermethylation. Collectively, our results suggest that elevated VDR expression may contribute to the development of hypercalciuria by sensitizing VDR target genes to 1,25(OH)2D3 through histone modifications at their promoter regions in a genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rat model.},
}
@article {pmid32971767,
year = {2020},
author = {Schapher, M and Koch, M and Weidner, D and Scholz, M and Wirtz, S and Mahajan, A and Herrmann, I and Singh, J and Knopf, J and Leppkes, M and Schauer, C and Grüneboom, A and Alexiou, C and Schett, G and Iro, H and Muñoz, LE and Herrmann, M},
title = {Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote the Development and Growth of Human Salivary Stones.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {9},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {32971767},
issn = {2073-4409},
mesh = {Adult ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Calcium/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cohort Studies ; DNA/genetics/metabolism ; Extracellular Traps/*immunology ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Leukocyte Elastase/genetics/immunology ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophils/immunology/*pathology ; Salivary Gland Calculi/diagnostic imaging/immunology/*pathology/surgery ; Salivary Glands/diagnostic imaging/immunology/*pathology/surgery ; Sialadenitis/diagnostic imaging/immunology/*pathology/surgery ; Ultrasonography ; X-Ray Microtomography ; },
abstract = {Salivary gland stones, or sialoliths, are the most common cause of the obstruction of salivary glands. The mechanism behind the formation of sialoliths has been elusive. Symptomatic sialolithiasis has a prevalence of 0.45% in the general population, is characterized by recurrent painful periprandial swelling of the affected gland, and often results in sialadenitis with the need for surgical intervention. Here, we show by the use of immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, computed tomography (CT) scans and reconstructions, special dye techniques, bacterial genotyping, and enzyme activity analyses that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) initiate the formation and growth of sialoliths in humans. The deposition of neutrophil granulocyte extracellular DNA around small crystals results in the dense aggregation of the latter, and the subsequent mineralization creates alternating layers of dense mineral, which are predominantly calcium salt deposits and DNA. The further agglomeration and appositional growth of these structures promotes the development of macroscopic sialoliths that finally occlude the efferent ducts of the salivary glands, causing clinical symptoms and salivary gland dysfunction. These findings provide an entirely novel insight into the mechanism of sialolithogenesis, in which an immune system-mediated response essentially participates in the physicochemical process of concrement formation and growth.},
}
@article {pmid32825353,
year = {2020},
author = {Milart, J and Lewicka, A and Jobs, K and Wawrzyniak, A and Majder-Łopatka, M and Kalicki, B},
title = {Effect of Vitamin D Treatment on Dynamics of Stones Formation in the Urinary Tract and Bone Density in Children with Idiopathic Hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {32825353},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Bone Density/*drug effects ; Child ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/*physiology ; Child, Preschool ; *Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/complications/*metabolism ; Male ; *Negative Results ; Urinary Tract/*metabolism ; Urolithiasis/*etiology ; Vitamin D/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects/analogs &amp; derivatives/blood/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Vitamin D supplementation in patients with urolithiasis and hypercalciuria is considered to be unsafe. We analyzed the impact of vitamin D supplementation on selected health status parameters in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria. The study included 36 children with urolithiasis resulting from excessive calcium excretion. The level of calcium and 25(OH)D (hydroxylated vitamin D - calcidiol) in serum, urinary calcium excretion and the presence of stones in urinary tract were assessed prospectively. Blood and urine samples were collected at the time when the patient was qualified for the study and every three months up to 24 month of vitamin D intake at a dose of 400 or 800 IU/day. At time zero and at 12, and 24 months of vitamin D supplementation, densitometry was performed. Supplementation with vitamin D caused a statistically significant increase in the concentration of 25(OH)D in serum. There were no significant changes in calcium concentration in serum, excretion of calcium in urine but also in bone density. There was no significant increase in the risk of formation or development of stones in the urinary tract. Supplementation with vitamin D (400-800 IU/day) in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria significantly increases 25(OH)D concentration, does not affect calciuria, but also does not improve bone density.},
}
@article {pmid32777848,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhou, Y and Lower, EE},
title = {Balancing Altered Calcium Metabolism with Bone Health in Sarcoidosis.},
journal = {Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine},
volume = {41},
number = {5},
pages = {618-625},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1713009},
pmid = {32777848},
issn = {1098-9048},
mesh = {Age Factors ; Bone Demineralization, Pathologic/etiology/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Dietary Supplements/*adverse effects ; Fractures, Bone/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; Medication Therapy Management ; Pragmatic Clinical Trials as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Sarcoidosis/complications/*metabolism/therapy ; Sex Factors ; Vitamin D/metabolism/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Abnormal calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis patients can lead to hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and kidney stones. Hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis is usually due to increased activity of 1α-hydroxylase in macrophages of pulmonary granulomata, resulting in low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and high levels of calcitriol. Vitamin D supplementation may be dangerous for some sarcoidosis patients and is recommended only for those with decreased 25-hydroxyvitamin D and reduced or normal calcitriol level. Diagnosis, treatment of osteoporosis, and maintenance of bone health are complex issues for sarcoidosis patients. An approach to diagnosis and treatment of bone fragility is presented.},
}
@article {pmid32707085,
year = {2020},
author = {Sinha, D and Steyer, B and Shahi, PK and Mueller, KP and Valiauga, R and Edwards, KL and Bacig, C and Steltzer, SS and Srinivasan, S and Abdeen, A and Cory, E and Periyasamy, V and Siahpirani, AF and Stone, EM and Tucker, BA and Roy, S and Pattnaik, BR and Saha, K and Gamm, DM},
title = {Human iPSC Modeling Reveals Mutation-Specific Responses to Gene Therapy in a Genotypically Diverse Dominant Maculopathy.},
journal = {American journal of human genetics},
volume = {107},
number = {2},
pages = {278-292},
pmid = {32707085},
issn = {1537-6605},
support = {R01 EY024995/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; T32 HG002760/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM119644/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; U54 HD090256/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 EY024588/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; F30 EY027699/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; T32 GM008349/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Alleles ; Bestrophins/genetics ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Channelopathies/genetics ; Eye Proteins/genetics ; Gene Editing/methods ; Genetic Therapy/methods ; Genotype ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*physiology ; Macular Degeneration/*genetics ; Mutation/*genetics ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/physiology ; },
abstract = {Dominantly inherited disorders are not typically considered to be therapeutic candidates for gene augmentation. Here, we utilized induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (iPSC-RPE) to test the potential of gene augmentation to treat Best disease, a dominant macular dystrophy caused by over 200 missense mutations in BEST1. Gene augmentation in iPSC-RPE fully restored BEST1 calcium-activated chloride channel activity and improved rhodopsin degradation in an iPSC-RPE model of recessive bestrophinopathy as well as in two models of dominant Best disease caused by different mutations in regions encoding ion-binding domains. A third dominant Best disease iPSC-RPE model did not respond to gene augmentation, but showed normalization of BEST1 channel activity following CRISPR-Cas9 editing of the mutant allele. We then subjected all three dominant Best disease iPSC-RPE models to gene editing, which produced premature stop codons specifically within the mutant BEST1 alleles. Single-cell profiling demonstrated no adverse perturbation of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) transcriptional programs in any model, although off-target analysis detected a silent genomic alteration in one model. These results suggest that gene augmentation is a viable first-line approach for some individuals with dominant Best disease and that non-responders are candidates for alternate approaches such as gene editing. However, testing gene editing strategies for on-target efficiency and off-target events using personalized iPSC-RPE model systems is warranted. In summary, personalized iPSC-RPE models can be used to select among a growing list of gene therapy options to maximize safety and efficacy while minimizing time and cost. Similar scenarios likely exist for other genotypically diverse channelopathies, expanding the therapeutic landscape for affected individuals.},
}
@article {pmid32695257,
year = {2020},
author = {Yifan, Z and Benxiang, N and Zheng, X and Luwei, X and Liuhua, Z and Yuzheng, G and Ruipeng, J},
title = {Ceftriaxone Calcium Crystals Induce Acute Kidney Injury by NLRP3-Mediated Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Injury.},
journal = {Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity},
volume = {2020},
number = {},
pages = {6428498},
pmid = {32695257},
issn = {1942-0994},
mesh = {Acute Kidney Injury ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Ceftriaxone/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects ; Cell Line ; Creatinine/blood ; Humans ; Inflammasomes/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*metabolism/pathology ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Urolithiasis/etiology/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress injury in the mechanisms of ceftriaxone calcium crystal-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) both in vivo and in vitro.<br><br>METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten each according to different concentrations of ceftriaxone and calcium. Based on the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the AKI group was chosen for the subsequent experiments. Kidney histological examination and immunohistochemistry were performed. The expression of NLRP3 and IL-1&#x3b2; protein and the concentrations of oxidative stress markers such as ROS, MDA, and H2O2 in kidney tissues were estimated. In parallel, HK-2 human renal proximal tubule cells were exposed to ceftriaxone calcium crystals. The mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 and IL-1&#x3b2; and the concentrations of oxidative stress markers were evaluated. Finally, cell viability and rat survival were also assessed.<br><br>RESULTS: The results showed that significantly increased Scr and BUN levels, consistent with morphological changes and kidney stones, were found in the rats that received the highest concentration of ceftriaxone (1000&#x2009;mg/kg) combined with calcium (800&#x2009;mg/kg). The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome axis and the marked elevation of MDA, H2O2, and ROS levels were observed both in vivo and in vitro. High expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1 was also documented. In addition, cell apoptosis and rat mortality were promoted by ceftriaxone calcium crystals.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Notably, we found that ceftriaxone-induced urolithiasis was associated with a high risk of AKI and NLRP3-mediated inflammasome and oxidative stress injury were of major importance in the pathogenesis.},
}
@article {pmid32386861,
year = {2020},
author = {Irzyniec, T and Boryń, M and Kasztalska, J and Nowak-Kapusta, Z and Maciejewska-Paszek, I and Grochowska-Niedworok, E},
title = {The effect of an oral sodium phosphate load on parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23 secretion in normo- and hypercalciuric stone-forming patients.},
journal = {Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)},
volume = {39},
number = {12},
pages = {3804-3812},
doi = {10.1016/j.clnu.2020.04.020},
pmid = {32386861},
issn = {1532-1983},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Creatinine/blood ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/*blood ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/blood/*drug therapy/urine ; Kidney Calculi/blood/*drug therapy/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood ; Phosphates/*administration &amp; dosage/blood/urine ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin D/analogs &amp; derivatives/blood ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Abnormalities of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion may cause calcium-phosphate (Ca-P) metabolism disorders in nephrolithiasis. Post-phosphate-load alterations in serum Ca, P and PTH, phosphaturia and calciuria enable monitoring hormonal regulation of Ca-P homeostasis. Our study aimed to determine differences in: 1.selected Ca-P metabolism parameters between healthy and kidney-stone-forming individuals, 2.PTH and FGF23 secretion induced by sodium-phosphate-load(NaP-load) in patients with/without hypercalciuria, 3.secretion of Ca-P related hormones in patients with low and normal/high serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3).<br><br>METHODS: Sodium phosphates NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4-100mmol were administered orally for five days in 19 hypercalciuric [urinary Ca(U-Ca) 6.5&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;1.7&#xa0;mmol/d]-HSF, 35 normocalciuric (2.5&#xb1;1&#xa0;mmol/d)-NSF stone-forming patients and 19 controls (U-Ca 2.5&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;1.4&#xa0;mmol/d)-CG. On days 1 and 5 PTH-,FGF23-,Ca-,P were determined before and after NaP-load. The areas under PTH, FGF23 curves (AUC) were calculated. U-Ca, urinary phosphate (U-P) and sodium (U-Na) were also determined.<br><br>RESULTS: Following NaP-load, patients and controls exhibited expected alterations in Ca-P homeostasis. Despite changes in phosphate and PTH, no differences in FGF23 concentrations were observed. Patients differed from controls in having higher AUCPTH, calciuria and natriuresis, taking longer for PTH and P to normalize and lack of correlation between AUCPTH and phosphaturia. Post-NaP-load hypocalciuric effect of PTH secretion in NSF was less pronounced than in CG. In the HSFs, the hypocalciuric effect was more pronounced than in NSFs, but insufficient to correct hypercalciuria. In all stone-formers with low 25OHD3 concentrations, the AUCFGF23 was significantly increased on first (1215&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;605vs766&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;315 p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.0457) and fifth days (1211&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;641vs777&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;299 p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.041) of NaP-load, compared to normal/high 25OHD3-patients. Hypercalciuric patients with low 25OHD3 concentrations had greater AUCPTH5 than those with normal/high 25OHD3 (1005&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;401vs835&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;220 p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.0341).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Compared to controls, kidney-stone-forming patients exhibited enhanced PTH secretion after NaP-load. The HSFs showed a more pronounced hypocalciuric effect than NSFs, but insufficient to correct hypercalciuria. In hypercalciuric stone-formers with low 25OHD3, FGF23 engagement in hyperphosphatemia reduction increased.},
}
@article {pmid32330575,
year = {2020},
author = {Islam, AK and Holt, S and Reisch, J and Nwariaku, F and Antonelli, J and Maalouf, NM},
title = {What Predicts Recurrent Kidney Stone after Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism?.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Surgeons},
volume = {231},
number = {1},
pages = {74-82},
doi = {10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.04.015},
pmid = {32330575},
issn = {1879-1190},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/complications/diagnosis/*surgery ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/diagnosis/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroidectomy/*methods ; Postoperative Period ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Some, but not all, patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and kidney stone disease (KSD) are cured of their nephrolithiasis after parathyroidectomy. The goal of this study was to identify risk factors for recurrent KSD despite successful parathyroidectomy in known stone formers with PHPT.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a single-center retrospective review of patients presenting to urology clinic with KSD between January 2008 and July 2018, who were diagnosed with concurrent PHPT, and underwent definitive parathyroidectomy. Laboratory testing for serum calcium, PTH (parathyroid hormone), phosphorus and 25-OH-vitamin D, and 24-hour urine studies for volume, pH, calcium, citrate, oxalate, uric acid, sodium, and creatinine was performed pre- and post-parathyroidectomy. Stone recurrence was determined on routine diagnostic imaging or by symptomatic KSD.<br><br>RESULTS: Mean age at parathyroidectomy was 57 &#xb1; 14 years. Pre-parathyroidectomy, mean serum calcium, 24-hour urine calcium, and PTH were 10.6 &#xb1; 0.5 mg/dL, 378 &#xb1; 209 mg/day, and 114 &#xb1; 97 pg/mL, respectively. Twenty-six of 69 patients (38%) had multigland parathyroid disease. After parathyroidectomy, serum calcium and PTH levels normalized in 69 of 69 and 62 of 69 patients, respectively. However, 37 of 69 patients (54%) had persistent hypercalciuria postoperatively, and 16 of 69 (23%) had recurrent KSD, on average, 2.0 &#xb1; 1.6 years after parathyroidectomy. Patients with recurrent KSD post-parathyroidectomy were significantly younger compared with patients without recurrent KSD (51 &#xb1; 15 vs 60 &#xb1; 13 years, p&#xa0;= 0.02). In a logistic regression model, younger age remains a strong predictive factor for recurrent KSD.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one-quarter of PHPT patients with KSD who undergo successful parathyroidectomy present with recurrent KSD despite normalization of serum calcium, and more than half exhibit persistent calciuria. These patients were younger and may require closer monitoring for stone recurrence after successful parathyroidectomy. Further studies are needed to better identify the etiology of KSD post-parathyroidectomy.},
}
@article {pmid32271147,
year = {2020},
author = {Kim, OH and Booth, CJ and Choi, HS and Lee, J and Kang, J and Hur, J and Jung, WJ and Jung, YS and Choi, HJ and Kim, H and Auh, JH and Kim, JW and Cha, JY and Lee, YJ and Lee, CS and Choi, C and Jung, YJ and Yang, JY and Im, SS and Lee, DH and Cho, SW and Kim, YB and Park, KS and Park, YJ and Oh, BC},
title = {High-phytate/low-calcium diet is a risk factor for crystal nephropathies, renal phosphate wasting, and bone loss.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {32271147},
issn = {2050-084X},
mesh = {Animal Feed/analysis ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/*adverse effects ; Diet/adverse effects ; Female ; Male ; Minerals/*metabolism ; Phosphates ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Phytic Acid/pharmacology ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {Phosphate overload contributes to mineral bone disorders that are associated with crystal nephropathies. Phytate, the major form of phosphorus in plant seeds, is known as an indigestible and of negligible nutritional value in humans. However, the mechanism and adverse effects of high-phytate intake on Ca[2+] and phosphate absorption and homeostasis are unknown. Here, we show that excessive intake of phytate along with a low-Ca[2+] diet fed to rats contributed to the development of crystal nephropathies, renal phosphate wasting, and bone loss through tubular dysfunction secondary to dysregulation of intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption. Moreover, Ca[2+] supplementation alleviated the detrimental effects of excess dietary phytate on bone and kidney through excretion of undigested Ca[2+]-phytate, which prevented a vicious cycle of intestinal phosphate overload and renal phosphate wasting while improving intestinal Ca[2+] bioavailability. Thus, we demonstrate that phytate is digestible without a high-Ca[2+] diet and is a risk factor for phosphate overloading and for the development of crystal nephropathies and bone disease.},
}
@article {pmid32163150,
year = {2020},
author = {Bayomy, O and Zaheer, S and Williams, JS and Curhan, G and Vaidya, A},
title = {Disentangling the Relationships Between the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, Calcium Physiology, and Risk for Kidney Stones.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {105},
number = {6},
pages = {1937-1946},
pmid = {32163150},
issn = {1945-7197},
support = {K24 DK091417/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK107407/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK115392/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR002541/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aldosterone/*metabolism ; Biomarkers/*analysis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Case-Control Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted/methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Kidney Calculi/diet therapy/*epidemiology/metabolism/pathology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; *Renin-Angiotensin System ; Risk Factors ; Sodium/urine ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: Complex relationships between aldosterone and calcium homeostasis have been proposed.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To disentangle the influence of aldosterone and intravascular volume on calcium physiology.<br><br>DESIGN: Patient-oriented and epidemiology studies.<br><br>SETTING: Clinical research center and nationwide cohorts.<br><br>PARTICIPANTS/INTERVENTIONS: Patient-oriented study (n&#x2005;=&#x2005;18): Participants were evaluated after completing a sodium-restricted (RES) diet to contract intravascular volume and after a liberalized-sodium (LIB) diet to expand intravascular volume. Cross-sectional studies (n&#x2005;=&#x2005;3755): the association between 24h urinary sodium and calcium excretion and risk for kidney stones was assessed.<br><br>RESULTS: Patient-oriented study: compared to a RES-diet, a LIB-diet suppressed renin activity (LIB: 0.3 [0.1, 0.4] vs. RES: 3.1 [1.7, 5.3] ng/mL/h; P&#x2005;<&#x2005;0.001) and plasma aldosterone (LIB: 2.0 [2.0, 2.7] vs. RES: 20.0 [16.1, 31.0] vs. ng/dL; P&#x2005;<&#x2005;0.001), but increased calciuria (LIB: 238.4&#x2005;&#xb1;&#x2005;112.3 vs. RES: 112.9&#x2005;&#xb1;&#x2005;60.8 mg/24hr; P&#x2005;<&#x2005;0.0001) and decreased serum calcium (LIB: 8.9&#x2005;&#xb1;&#x2005;0.3 vs. RES: 9.8&#x2005;&#xb1;&#x2005;0.4 mg/dL; P&#x2005;<&#x2005;0.0001). Epidemiology study: mean urinary calcium excretion was higher with greater urinary sodium excretion. Compared to a urinary sodium excretion of&#x2005;<&#x2005;120 mEq/day, a urinary sodium excretion of &#x2265;220 mEq/day was associated with a higher risk for having kidney stones in women (risk ratio&#x2005;=&#x2005;1.79 [95% confidence interval 1.05, 3.04]) and men (risk ratio&#x2005;=&#x2005;2.06 [95% confidence interval 1.27, 3.32]).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: High dietary sodium intake suppresses aldosterone, decreases serum calcium, and increases calciuria and the risk for developing kidney stones. Our findings help disentangle the influences of volume from aldosterone on calcium homeostasis and provide support for the recommendation to restrict dietary sodium for kidney stone prevention.},
}
@article {pmid32127396,
year = {2020},
author = {DeLeon, C and Wang, HH and Gunn, J and Wilhelm, M and Cole, A and Arnett, S and Wang, DQ and Arnatt, CK},
title = {A novel GPER antagonist protects against the formation of estrogen-induced cholesterol gallstones in female mice.},
journal = {Journal of lipid research},
volume = {61},
number = {5},
pages = {767-777},
pmid = {32127396},
issn = {1539-7262},
support = {R01 DK114516/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P30 DK041296/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK126369/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R56 DK101793/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AA025737/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK106249/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Estrogens/*pharmacology ; Female ; Gallstones/*chemically induced/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Receptors, Estrogen/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Many clinical studies and epidemiological investigations have clearly demonstrated that women are twice as likely to develop cholesterol gallstones as men, and oral contraceptives and other estrogen therapies dramatically increase that risk. Further, animal studies have revealed that estrogen promotes cholesterol gallstone formation through the estrogen receptor (ER) α, but not ERβ, pathway. More importantly, some genetic and pathophysiological studies have found that G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) 1 is a new gallstone gene, Lith18, on chromosome 5 in mice and produces additional lithogenic actions, working independently of ERα, to markedly increase cholelithogenesis in female mice. Based on computational modeling of GPER, a novel series of GPER-selective antagonists were designed, synthesized, and subsequently assessed for their therapeutic effects via calcium mobilization, cAMP, and ERα and ERβ fluorescence polarization binding assays. From this series of compounds, one new compound, 2-cyclohexyl-4-isopropyl-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)aniline (CIMBA), exhibits superior antagonism and selectivity exclusively for GPER. Furthermore, CIMBA reduces the formation of 17β-estradiol-induced gallstones in a dose-dependent manner in ovariectomized mice fed a lithogenic diet for 8 weeks. At 32 μg/day/kg CIMBA, no gallstones are found, even in ovariectomized ERα ([-/-]) mice treated with 6 μg/day 17β-estradiol and fed the lithogenic diet for 8 weeks. In conclusion, CIMBA treatment protects against the formation of estrogen-induced cholesterol gallstones by inhibiting the GPER signaling pathway in female mice. CIMBA may thus be a new agent for effectively treating cholesterol gallstone disease in women.},
}
@article {pmid32111156,
year = {2020},
author = {Xie, J and Huang, JS and Huang, XJ and Peng, JM and Yu, Z and Yuan, YQ and Xiao, KF and Guo, JN},
title = {Profiling the urinary microbiome in men with calcium-based kidney stones.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {41},
pmid = {32111156},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {JCYJ20170307095620828//The Science and Technology Foundation of Shenzhen/International ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Bacteria/*classification/genetics/isolation &amp; purification ; Calcium/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/microbiology/*urine ; Kidney Pelvis/*microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods ; Sex Characteristics ; Urine/chemistry/*microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The dogma that urine is sterile in healthy individuals has been overturned by recent studies applying molecular-based methods. Mounting evidences indicate that dysbiosis of the urinary microbiota is associated with several urological diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the urinary microbiome of male patients with calcium-based kidney stones and compare it with those of healthy individuals.<br><br>RESULTS: The diversity of the urinary microbiota in kidney stone patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls based on the Shannon and Simpson index (P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001 for both indices). The urinary microbiota structure also significantly differed between kidney stone patients and healthy controls (ANOSIM, R&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.11, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001). Differential representation of inflammation associated bacteria (e.g., Acinetobacter) and several enriched functional pathways were identified in the urine of kidney stones patients. Meanwhile, we found the species diversity, overall composition of microbiota and predicted functional pathways were similar between bladder urine and renal pelvis urine in kidney stone patients.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A marked dysbiosis of urinary microbiota in male patients with calcium-based kidney stones was observed, which may be helpful to interpret the association between bacteria and calcium-based kidney stones.},
}
@article {pmid32032687,
year = {2020},
author = {Schulster, ML and Goldfarb, DS},
title = {Vitamin D and Kidney Stones.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {139},
number = {},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1016/j.urology.2020.01.030},
pmid = {32032687},
issn = {1527-9995},
mesh = {Animals ; Bone Density/drug effects ; Calcitriol/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects/metabolism ; Cohort Studies ; Dietary Supplements/*adverse effects ; Diphosphonates/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Mutation ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Rats ; Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics ; Thiazides/therapeutic use ; Vitamin D/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects/metabolism ; Vitamin D Deficiency/therapy ; Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase/genetics/metabolism ; Vitamins/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects/metabolism ; },
abstract = {This review explores the relationship between vitamin D supplementation and lithogenesis. A causal relationship has been assumed despite myriad studies demonstrating that therapeutic doses of vitamin D do not increase lithogenic risk. Select stone formers may be at increased risk for recurrence with vitamin D supplementation, possibly from CYP24A1 gene mutations. Additionally, the evidence for who is vitamin D deficient, and the benefits of supplementation in those not at risk for rickets, is sparse. Concerns may be avoidable as vitamin D screening appears unnecessary in most patients, and superior pharmacology is available which increases bone density, while decreasing stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid31979185,
year = {2020},
author = {Yue, L and Wang, L and Du, Y and Zhang, W and Hamada, K and Matsumoto, Y and Jin, X and Zhou, Y and Mikoshiba, K and Gill, DL and Han, S and Wang, Y},
title = {Type 3 Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor is a Crucial Regulator of Calcium Dynamics Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum in HEK Cells.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {31979185},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {R35 GM131916/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/*metabolism ; Nedd4 Ubiquitin Protein Ligases/metabolism ; ORAI1 Protein/metabolism ; Protein Isoforms/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Being the largest the Ca[2+] store in mammalian cells, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated Ca[2+] signalling often involves both Ca[2+] release via inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and store operated Ca[2+] entries (SOCE) through Ca[2+] release activated Ca[2+] (CRAC) channels on plasma membrane (PM). IP3Rs are functionally coupled with CRAC channels and other Ca[2+] handling proteins. However, it still remains less well defined as to whether IP3Rs could regulate ER-mediated Ca[2+] signals independent of their Ca[2+] releasing ability. To address this, we generated IP3Rs triple and double knockout human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell lines (IP3Rs-TKO, IP3Rs-DKO), and systemically examined ER Ca[2+] dynamics and CRAC channel activity in these cells. The results showed that the rate of ER Ca[2+] leakage and refilling, as well as SOCE were all significantly reduced in IP3Rs-TKO cells. And these TKO effects could be rescued by over-expression of IP3R3. Further, results showed that the diminished SOCE was caused by NEDD4L-mediated ubiquitination of Orai1 protein. Together, our findings indicate that IP3R3 is one crucial player in coordinating ER-mediated Ca[2+] signalling.},
}
@article {pmid31829950,
year = {2019},
author = {Spivacow, FR and Pailler, M and Martínez, P},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria: can the diuretics be avoided?].},
journal = {Medicina},
volume = {79},
number = {6},
pages = {477-482},
pmid = {31829950},
issn = {1669-9106},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Diuretics/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*diet therapy/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/blood/urine ; Reference Values ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria is defined as calcium excretion greater than 220 and 300 mg/day in women and men respectively, or greater than 4 mg/kg body weight. In women with osteoporosis it is observed in 19% of cases, while in kidney stones cases varies between 50 and 70%. We selected 206 hypercalciuric patients from our database, with and without renal lithiasis, to whom a restricted diet had been indicated. We divided them, according to the response, into a dependent diet and an independent diet. We considered 122 patients with diagnosis of hypercalciuria diet dependent (105 women and 17 men), which were followed with dietary control (800 mg of calcium, around 1 g of animal proteins and < 100 mEq sodium a day). The appearance of stones, or the recurrence of stones, was not considered, nor was bone involvement. After an average of 17 months, everyone had their calciuria controlled and there were even 16 (13%) who, after 42 months of follow-up, continued to be normocalciuric only on a diet. We conclude that the division of the hypercalciurias is fundamental, according to their response to a restricted diet, in order to avoid or postpone the use of diuretics and its adverse effects, with an adequate management of the diet.},
}
@article {pmid31821850,
year = {2020},
author = {Buchalski, B and Wood, KD and Challa, A and Fargue, S and Holmes, RP and Lowther, WT and Knight, J},
title = {The effects of the inactivation of Hydroxyproline dehydrogenase on urinary oxalate and glycolate excretion in mouse models of primary hyperoxaluria.},
journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease},
volume = {1866},
number = {3},
pages = {165633},
pmid = {31821850},
issn = {1879-260X},
support = {P30 DK074038/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA013148/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK054468/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P60 DK079626/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; K08 DK115833/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK083527/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P30 AR048311/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA012197/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P30 DK056336/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; K01 DK114332/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Glycolates/*metabolism/*urine ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/*metabolism ; Hyperoxaluria, Primary/*metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Oxalates/*metabolism/*urine ; Oxidoreductases/*metabolism ; Proline Oxidase/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The major clinical manifestation of the Primary Hyperoxalurias (PH) is increased production of oxalate, as a consequence of genetic mutations that lead to aberrant glyoxylate and hydroxyproline metabolism. Hyperoxaluria can lead to the formation of calcium-oxalate kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis and renal failure. Current therapeutic approaches rely on organ transplants and more recently modifying the pathway of oxalate synthesis using siRNA therapy. We have recently reported that the metabolism of trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (Hyp), an amino acid derived predominantly from collagen metabolism, is a significant source of oxalate production in individuals with PH2 and PH3. Thus, the first enzyme in the Hyp degradation pathway, hydroxyproline dehydrogenase (HYPDH), represents a promising therapeutic target for reducing endogenous oxalate production in these individuals. This is supported by the observation that individuals with inherited mutations in HYPDH (PRODH2 gene) have no pathological consequences. The creation of mouse models that do not express HYPDH will facilitate research evaluating HYPDH as a target. We describe the phenotype of the Prodh2 knock out mouse model and show that the lack of HYPDH in PH mouse models results in lower levels of urinary oxalate excretion, consistent with our previous metabolic tracer and siRNA-based knockdown studies. The double knockout mouse, Grhpr KO (PH2 model) and Prodh2 KO, prevented calcium-oxalate crystal deposition in the kidney, when placed on a 1% Hyp diet. These observations support the use of the Grhpr KO mice to screen HYPDH inhibitors in vivo. Altogether these data support HYPDH as an attractive therapeutic target for PH2 and PH3 patients.},
}
@article {pmid31789849,
year = {2020},
author = {Beara-Lasic, L and Goldfarb, DS},
title = {Nephrolithiasis in women: how different from men?.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {29},
number = {2},
pages = {201-206},
doi = {10.1097/MNH.0000000000000577},
pmid = {31789849},
issn = {1473-6543},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrolithiasis/*epidemiology/etiology ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Sex Characteristics ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Men have more kidney stones compared with women; however, the difference is progressively decreasing. The reasons for higher prevalence of stones in men, as well as increasing prevalence in women, is a subject of ongoing speculation. In this review, we summarize the evidence of differences between men and women and expand on the speculative causes.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Stone incidence is rising in women and adolescent girls. Stone disease is more heritable among men than women, and women demonstrate greater influence of the unique environment. Women under the age of 50 years who have been pregnant, have more than double the odds of kidney stones compared with those who have never been pregnant. Women are more burdened with obesity, bariatric surgery and dieting, all associated with increased stones. Women have higher urinary pH because of greater absorption of dietary organic anions leading to increased urinary citrate, compared with men, and they differ in tubular calcium handling.<br><br>SUMMARY: It is obvious that the cause of stones in men and women is complex and requires further study. Potential clues offered are in the change of the female environment, influencing increasing incidence in stones, particularly of younger women and female adolescents.},
}
@article {pmid31759903,
year = {2020},
author = {De Ruysscher, C and Pien, L and Tailly, T and Van Laecke, E and Vande Walle, J and Prytuła, A},
title = {Risk factors for recurrent urolithiasis in children.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric urology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {34.e1-34.e9},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpurol.2019.09.021},
pmid = {31759903},
issn = {1873-4898},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Calculi/*epidemiology ; Male ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To identify risk factors associated with recurrent kidney stones in a paediatric cohort in a Belgian tertiary centre.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Medical records of children with the first episode of urolithiasis between 1998 and 2016, followed at Ghent University Hospital initially and at least one-year follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics, past medical history, presenting symptoms, the results of laboratory investigations and the applied management strategy were analysed. The significant variables from the univariate analysis were integrated into a backward conditional multivariate model.<br><br>RESULTS: Ninety-seven children were included in the analysis, of which 33 (34%) presented with at least one episode of stone recurrence. In the univariate analysis, body mass index (BMI)&#xa0;>&#xa0;85th percentile and asymptomatic stones at initial presentation were associated with 1.8 and 0.1 times lower risk of recurrent stones, respectively (p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.020, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.368-8.749 and p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.017, 95% CI:0.014-0.921). In contrast, immobilization resulted in a 10-times higher risk (p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.002, 95% CI:1.968-50.005) and the need for technical intervention was associated with a 3.2- times higher risk (p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.017, 95% CI:1.297-8.084) of developing recurrent stones. On multivariate analysis only BMI >85th percentile was associated with a 15 times lower risk of stone recurrence (p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.030, 95% CI:0.006-0.739).<br><br>DISCUSSION: A possible explanation of reduced risk in patients with a BMI&#xa0;>&#xa0;85th percentile may lie in a different metabolic profile. Immobilization as a risk factor can be explained by calcium metabolism, which is influenced by immobilization due to fractures, paralysis or motor disability because it causes resorption of the skeleton resulting in elevated blood calcium levels. This study showed that patients who presented without symptoms when the stones first occurred were less likely to have recurring kidney stones compared with patients with symptoms at initial presentation. When technical intervention was needed, we believe this is partly due to a larger stone burden, however we could not find an evidence-based explanation. The institutional protocol, which allowed to create a database with a limited number of patients, was lost to follow-up. Despite the retrospective setting some data were missing. There might also be a bias because the patients were followed-up at a tertiary centre. Possibly, our conclusions cannot be generalized toward&#xa0;the entire paediatric population.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Of all the factors investigated in our cohort, BMI&#xa0;>85&#xa0;th percentile and asymptomatic stones are associated with a lower risk of stone recurrence. Conversely, immobilized patients and those who require technical intervention at initial presentation may benefit from an intense follow-up after the first episode of urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid31754202,
year = {2019},
author = {Chen, WC and Chou, WH and Chu, HW and Huang, CC and Liu, X and Chang, WP and Chou, YH and Chang, WC},
title = {The rs1256328 (ALPL) and rs12654812 (RGS14) Polymorphisms are Associated with Susceptibility to Calcium Nephrolithiasis in a Taiwanese population.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {17296},
pmid = {31754202},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {MOST105-2628-B-038-001-MY4//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)/International ; MOST105-2628-B-038-001-MY4//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)/International ; MOST105-2628-B-038-001-MY4//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)/International ; MOST105-2628-B-038-001-MY4//Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)/International ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alkaline Phosphatase/*genetics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/epidemiology/*genetics/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prevalence ; RGS Proteins/*genetics ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/genetics ; Taiwan/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis is a common disease affecting almost all populations, with an increasing prevalence over the past decades. Previous studies revealed several functional polymorphisms associated with the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. However, data on Asian populations are limited. In this study, three candidate polymorphisms were selected from previous studies to investigate the correlations with nephrolithiasis in a Taiwanese population. In total, 454 nephrolithiasis patients were recruited from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, with SNP frequency for 1513 subjects of general population from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) as a genotypic reference. Results revealed that subjects with minor TT genotype at rs1256328 (alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney (ALPL)) have higher susceptibility to nephrolithiasis (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03, p = 0.0013). In addition, subjects carrying the minor AA genotype at rs12654812 (regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14)) have higher susceptibility to nephrolithiasis (OR = 1.91, p = 0.0017). Among nephrolithiasis patients, subjects with GG at rs7627468 (calcium-sensing receptor (CASR)) have lower pH level in urine (p = 0.0088). Importantly, rs7627468 is associated with the expressions of IQCB1 and EAF2. rs12654812 could influence the expression of RGS14 itself, MXD3, and FGFR4. In summary, this study successfully validated the genetic roles of rs1256328 and rs12654812 in human nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid31729369,
year = {2019},
author = {Howles, SA and Wiberg, A and Goldsworthy, M and Bayliss, AL and Gluck, AK and Ng, M and Grout, E and Tanikawa, C and Kamatani, Y and Terao, C and Takahashi, A and Kubo, M and Matsuda, K and Thakker, RV and Turney, BW and Furniss, D},
title = {Genetic variants of calcium and vitamin D metabolism in kidney stone disease.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {5175},
pmid = {31729369},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; MR/N001524/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; 204826/z/16/z//Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)/International ; 106995/z/15/z//Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)/International ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Asian People/genetics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diacylglycerol Kinase/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genotype ; Humans ; Japan ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prospective Studies ; Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics/metabolism ; United Kingdom ; Vitamin D/*metabolism ; White People/genetics ; },
abstract = {Kidney stone disease (nephrolithiasis) is a major clinical and economic health burden with a heritability of ~45-60%. We present genome-wide association studies in British and Japanese populations and a trans-ethnic meta-analysis that include 12,123 cases and 417,378 controls, and identify 20 nephrolithiasis-associated loci, seven of which are previously unreported. A CYP24A1 locus is predicted to affect vitamin D metabolism and five loci, DGKD, DGKH, WDR72, GPIC1, and BCR, are predicted to influence calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) signaling. In a validation cohort of only nephrolithiasis patients, the CYP24A1-associated locus correlates with serum calcium concentration and a number of nephrolithiasis episodes while the DGKD-associated locus correlates with urinary calcium excretion. In vitro, DGKD knockdown impairs CaSR-signal transduction, an effect rectified with the calcimimetic cinacalcet. Our findings indicate that studies of genotype-guided precision-medicine approaches, including withholding vitamin D supplementation and targeting vitamin D activation or CaSR-signaling pathways in patients with recurrent kidney stones, are warranted.},
}
@article {pmid31710081,
year = {2019},
author = {Dong, D and Hao, Q and Zhang, P and Wang, T and Han, F and Liang, X and Fei, Z},
title = {Endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release causes Rieske iron-sulfur protein-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.},
journal = {Bioscience reports},
volume = {39},
number = {12},
pages = {},
pmid = {31710081},
issn = {1573-4935},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Electron Transport Complex III/genetics/*metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mitochondria/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*metabolism/pathology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/*metabolism/pathology ; Pulmonary Artery/*metabolism/pathology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via ryanodine receptors (RyRs) in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), playing an essential role in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Here we tested a novel hypothesis that hypoxia-induced RyR-mediated Ca2+ release may, in turn, promote mitochondrial ROS generation contributing to hypoxic cellular responses in PASMCs. Our data reveal that application of caffeine to elevate intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by activating RyRs results in a significant increase in ROS production in cytosol and mitochondria of PASMCs. Norepinephrine to increase [Ca2+]i due to the opening of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) produces similar effects. Exogenous Ca2+ significantly increases mitochondrial-derived ROS generation as well. Ru360 also inhibits the hypoxic ROS production. The RyR antagonist tetracaine or RyR2 gene knockout (KO) suppresses hypoxia-induced responses as well. Inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake with Ru360 eliminates N- and Ca2+-induced responses. RISP KD abolishes the hypoxia-induced ROS production in mitochondria of PASMCs. Rieske iron-sulfur protein (RISP) gene knockdown (KD) blocks caffeine- or NE-induced ROS production. Taken together, these findings have further demonstrated that ER Ca2+ release causes mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and RISP-mediated ROS production; this novel local ER/mitochondrion communication-elicited, Ca2+-mediated, RISP-dependent ROS production may play a significant role in hypoxic cellular responses in PASMCs.},
}
@article {pmid31690714,
year = {2019},
author = {Yang, A and Guo, H and Fu, M and Liu, M},
title = {Inhibitive Effects of Huashi Pill on Formation of Renal Stones by Modulating Urine Biochemical Indexes and Osteopontin in Renal Stone Rat Models.},
journal = {Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research},
volume = {25},
number = {},
pages = {8335-8344},
pmid = {31690714},
issn = {1643-3750},
mesh = {Animals ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Calcium/metabolism ; China ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*pharmacology ; Kidney/drug effects ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods ; Osteopontin/*drug effects/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND Renal stones are the accumulated or deposited crystals that form and appear in supersaturated urine. This study aimed to the investigate the therapeutic effects of Huashi Pill on clearance of renal stones. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were divided into normal control, positive control, low-dosage Huashi Pill, medium-dosage Huashi Pill, and high-dosage Huashi Pill groups. A renal rat model was established by using ethylene glycol, ammonium chloride, and calcium gluconate. The urinary pH, urine protein, and uric acid levels, as well as the calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels were examined. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels were also evaluated. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels were evaluated. Crystal formation and calcium deposits were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining and von Kossa staining, respectively. Osteopontin (OPN) expression was evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay and immunohistochemical assay. RESULTS A renal stone rat model was successfully established. Huashi Pill significantly improved water and food intake and enhanced pH value of urine (P<0.05). Huashi Pill significantly improved the liver functions by decreasing ALT and TBIL levels (P<0.05). Huashi Pill regulated the amounts of microelements. Huashi Pill significantly decreased the urine protein, uric acid, and Cr levels (P<0.05). Huashi Pill inhibited formation of stone crystals and reduced the insoluble calcium deposition. Huashi Pill significantly downregulated expression of OPN in the kidney tissues of renal rat models (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Huashi Pill inhibited stone formation by regulating urine biochemical indexes and reducing OPN expression in kidney tissue in a renal stone rat model.},
}
@article {pmid31626518,
year = {2019},
author = {Qin, J and Cai, Z and Xing, J and Duan, B and Bai, P},
title = {Association between calcitonin receptor gene polymorphisms and calcium stone urolithiasis: A meta-analysis.},
journal = {International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology},
volume = {45},
number = {5},
pages = {901-909},
pmid = {31626518},
issn = {1677-6119},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Association Studies ; Humans ; Male ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Calcitonin/*genetics ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Urolithiasis/*genetics ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: It has been reported that calcitonin receptor (CALCR) gene polymorphisms might be associated with calcium stone urolithiasis. Owing to mixed and inconclusive results, we conducted a meta-analysis to summarize and clarify this association.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of studies on the association between CALCR gene polymorphisms and calcium stone urolithiasis susceptibility was conducted in databases.<br><br>RESULTS: Odds ratios and 95% confi dence intervals were used to pool the effect size. Five articles were included in our meta-analysis.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: CALCR rs1801197 might be associated with increased risk of calcium stone urolithiasis. There is insufficient data to fully confirm the association between CALCR rs1042138 and calcium stone urolithiasis susceptibility. Well-designed studies with larger sample size and more subgroups are required to validate the risk identified in the current meta-analysis.},
}
@article {pmid31595783,
year = {2019},
author = {Roche, EC and Redmond, EJ and Yap, LC and Manecksha, RP},
title = {Seasonal Variation in the Frequency of Presentation with Acute Ureteral Colic and Its Association with Meteorologic Factors.},
journal = {Journal of endourology},
volume = {33},
number = {12},
pages = {1046-1050},
doi = {10.1089/end.2019.0400},
pmid = {31595783},
issn = {1557-900X},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Climate ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ireland/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Colic/complications/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology ; Seasons ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ureteral Calculi/complications/diagnostic imaging/*epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Introduction: A seasonal variation in the frequency of acute stone presentations has been observed in studies from the United States, Africa, and Asia. The increased incidence of acute stone presentations during periods of warm weather has been attributed to both the dehydrating effect of elevated temperatures and the vitamin D related increase in calciuria during periods of increased sunshine. The aim of this study is to establish whether the association between various meteorologic parameters and the frequency of acute stone presentations also exists in a European climate. Methods: All computed tomography kidneys, ureters and bladder scans performed by Emergency Departments within the Dublin Midland Hospital Group between June 2017 and September 2018 were identified from the national radiologic database. The date of scan in addition to stone parameters (site, size, and side) was recorded. These data were then correlated with weather recordings obtained from the Irish meteorologic office. Results: A total of 2441 patients were investigated for suspected renal colic during the study period of which 781 were confirmed to have ureteral stones. An increased frequency of acute stone presentations was observed during the summer months of both years (June, July, and August). Unexpectedly, the heat wave of summer 2018 was not associated with an increased frequency of nephrolithiasis compared with summer 2017. Conclusion: There is an increased frequency of acute nephrolithiasis during the summer months in Ireland. Health care services should be tailored to expect an increase in service needs during these periods of increased activity.},
}
@article {pmid31472005,
year = {2019},
author = {Anglani, F and Gianesello, L and Beara-Lasic, L and Lieske, J},
title = {Dent disease: A window into calcium and phosphate transport.},
journal = {Journal of cellular and molecular medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {11},
pages = {7132-7142},
pmid = {31472005},
issn = {1582-4934},
support = {U54 DK083908/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U54DK83908/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Dent Disease/metabolism/*pathology ; Humans ; Ion Channels/*metabolism ; Ion Transport ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {This review examines calcium and phosphate transport in the kidney through the lens of the rare X-linked genetic disorder Dent disease. Dent disease type 1 (DD1) is caused by mutations in the CLCN5 gene encoding ClC-5, a Cl[-] /H[+] antiporter localized to early endosomes of the proximal tubule (PT). Phenotypic features commonly include low molecular weight proteinuria (LMWP), hypercalciuria, focal global sclerosis and chronic kidney disease; calcium nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and hypophosphatemic rickets are less commonly observed. Although it is not surprising that abnormal endosomal function and recycling in the PT could result in LMWP, it is less clear how ClC-5 dysfunction disturbs calcium and phosphate metabolism. It is known that the majority of calcium and phosphate transport occurs in PT cells, and PT endocytosis is essential for calcium and phosphorus reabsorption in this nephron segment. Evidence from ClC-5 KO models suggests that ClC-5 mediates parathormone endocytosis from tubular fluid. In addition, ClC-5 dysfunction alters expression of the sodium/proton exchanger NHE3 on the PT apical surface thus altering transcellular sodium movement and hence paracellular calcium reabsorption. A potential role for NHE3 dysfunction in the DD1 phenotype has never been investigated, either in DD models or in patients with DD1, even though patients with DD1 exhibit renal sodium and potassium wasting, especially when exposed to even a low dose of thiazide diuretic. Thus, insights from the rare disease DD1 may inform possible underlying mechanisms for the phenotype of hypercalciuria and idiopathic calcium stones.},
}
@article {pmid31471161,
year = {2019},
author = {van der Wijst, J and van Goor, MK and Schreuder, MF and Hoenderop, JG},
title = {TRPV5 in renal tubular calcium handling and its potential relevance for nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {96},
number = {6},
pages = {1283-1291},
doi = {10.1016/j.kint.2019.05.029},
pmid = {31471161},
issn = {1523-1755},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules/*metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/*genetics/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Conformation ; TRPV Cation Channels/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis or renal stone disease is an increasingly common problem, and its relatively high recurrence rate demands better treatment options. The majority of patients with nephrolithiasis have stones that contain calcium (Ca[2+]), which develop upon "supersaturation" of the urine with insoluble Ca[2+] salts; hence processes that influence the delivery and renal handling of Ca[2+] may influence stone formation. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is indeed frequently observed in patients with kidney stones that contain Ca[2+]. Genetic screens of nephrolithiasis determinants have identified an increasing number of gene candidates, most of which are involved in renal Ca[2+] handling. This review provides an outline of the current knowledge regarding genetics of nephrolithiasis and will mainly focus on the epithelial Ca[2+] channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5), an important player in Ca[2+] homeostasis. Being a member of the TRP family of ion channels, TRPV5 is currently part of a revolution in structural biology. Recent technological breakthroughs in the cryo-electron microscopy field, combined with improvements in biochemical sample preparation, have resulted in high-resolution 3-dimensional structural models of integral membrane proteins, including TRPV5. These models currently are being used to explore the proteins' structure-function relationship, elucidate the molecular mechanisms of channel regulation, and study the putative effects of disease variants. Combined with other multidisciplinary approaches, this approach may open an avenue toward better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in hypercalciuria and stone formation, and ultimately it may facilitate prevention of stone recurrence through the development of effective drugs.},
}
@article {pmid31416104,
year = {2019},
author = {Schöfl, C},
title = {[Update - Calcium Metabolism].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {144},
number = {16},
pages = {1125-1132},
doi = {10.1055/a-0833-9674},
pmid = {31416104},
issn = {1439-4413},
mesh = {*Calcium/metabolism/physiology ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Calcium, Dietary/analysis/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism ; Vitamin D ; },
abstract = {A finely balanced control system keeps the extracellular calcium concentration within narrow limits. Disorders of calcium metabolism are often based on altered parathormone levels. Symptoms are not always clear, sometimes they are even missing: the more it is important to know possible associated diseases. The author presents basics, current diagnostics and concrete therapy options. Central hormone for the regulation of the calcium balance is the parathyroid hormone. With decreasing calcium, PTH leads to an increase in extracellular free calcium concentration in three ways. The classic symptoms of pHPT (polyuria, polydipsia, "stone, leg, and stomach pain") are rare now, as the condition is diagnosed much earlier. Treatment of choice in all symptomatic patients with pHPT is surgery. FHH and pHPT are both characterized by hypercalcaemia and increased parathyroid hormone. The differential diagnosis of urinary calcium excretion, which is usually lower in FHH but normal or elevated in pHPT, is crucial. In primary hypoparathyroidism, parathyroid failure interferes with calcium homeostasis at a central location. Consequences are hypocalcaemia, hyperphosphatemia and lack of active vitamin D. Due to increased urinary calcium excretion, patients with ADH are at high risk for kidney stones, nephrocalcinosis and the development of renal insufficiency. Recently, rhPTH 1-84 has been available for the treatment of hypoparathyroidism. However, long-term data is still lacking to provide a safe indication, considering potential effects and side effects.},
}
@article {pmid31310771,
year = {2019},
author = {Bejan, CA and Lee, DJ and Xu, Y and Hsi, RS},
title = {Performance of a Natural Language Processing Method to Extract Stone Composition From the Electronic Health Record.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {132},
number = {},
pages = {56-62},
pmid = {31310771},
issn = {1527-9995},
support = {UL1 TR002243/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Case-Control Studies ; *Electronic Health Records ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*chemistry ; Male ; *Natural Language Processing ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the utility of a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm for mining kidney stone composition in a large-scale electronic health records (EHR) repository.<br><br>METHODS: We developed StoneX, a pattern-matching method for extracting kidney stone composition information from clinical notes. We trained the extraction algorithm on manually annotated text mentions of calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, hydroxyapatite, brushite, uric acid, and struvite stones. We employed StoneX to identify patients with kidney stone composition data and mine >125 million notes from our institutional EHR. Analyses performed on the extracted patients included stone type conversions over time, survival analysis from a second stone surgery, and disease associations by stone composition to validate the phenotyping method against known associations.<br><br>RESULTS: The NLP algorithm identified 45,235 text mentions corresponding to 11,585 patients. Overall, the system achieved positive predictive value >90% for calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, hydroxyapatite, brushite, and struvite; except for uric acid (positive predictive value&#x202f;=&#x202f;87.5%). Survival analysis from a second stone surgery showed statistically significant differences among stone types (P&#x202f;=&#x202f;.03). Several phenotype associations were found: uric acid-type 2 diabetes (odds ratio, OR&#x202f;=&#x202f;2.69, 95% confidence intervals, CI&#x202f;=&#x202f;1.91-3.79), struvite-neurogenic bladder (OR&#x202f;=&#x202f;12.27, 95% CI&#x202f;=&#x202f;4.33-34.79), struvite-urinary tract infection (OR&#x202f;=&#x202f;7.36, 95% CI&#x202f;=&#x202f;3.01-17.99), hydroxyapatite-pulmonary collapse (OR&#x202f;=&#x202f;3.67, 95% CI&#x202f;=&#x202f;2.10-6.42), hydroxyapatite-neurogenic bladder (OR&#x202f;=&#x202f;5.23, 95% CI&#x202f;=&#x202f;2.05-13.36), brushite-calcium metabolism disorder (OR&#x202f;=&#x202f;4.59, 95% CI&#x202f;=&#x202f;2.14-9.81), and brushite-hypercalcemia (OR&#x202f;=&#x202f;4.09, 95% CI&#x202f;=&#x202f;1.90-8.80).<br><br>CONCLUSION: NLP extraction of kidney stone composition from large-scale EHRs is feasible with high precision, enabling high-throughput epidemiological studies of kidney stone disease. These tools will enable high fidelity kidney stone research from the EHR.},
}
@article {pmid31276858,
year = {2019},
author = {Anract, J and Baures, M and Barry Delongchamps, N and Capiod, T},
title = {Microcalcifications, calcium-sensing receptor, and cancer.},
journal = {Cell calcium},
volume = {82},
number = {},
pages = {102051},
doi = {10.1016/j.ceca.2019.06.005},
pmid = {31276858},
issn = {1532-1991},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcinosis/*metabolism/pathology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calculi/*metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Inflammation/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology ; Prostate/*metabolism/pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia/*metabolism/pathology ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; },
abstract = {Calcium stones and calculi are observed in numerous human tissues. They are the result of deposition of calcium salts and are due to high local calcium concentrations. Prostatic calculi are usually classified as endogenous or extrinsic stones. Endogenous stones are commonly caused by obstruction of the prostatic ducts around an enlarged prostate resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia or from chronic inflammation. The latter occurs mainly around the urethra and is generally caused by reflux of urine into the prostate. Calcium concentrations higher than in the plasma at sites of infection may induce the chemotactic response that eventually leads to recruitment of inflammatory cells. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) may be crucial for this recruitment as its expression and activity are increased by cytokines such as IL-6 and high extracellular calcium concentrations, respectively. The links between calcium calculi, inflammation, calcium supplementation, and CaSR functions in prostate cancer patients will be discussed in this review.},
}
@article {pmid31250859,
year = {2019},
author = {Sun, XY and Zhang, H and Liu, J and Ouyang, JM},
title = {Repair activity and crystal adhesion inhibition of polysaccharides with different molecular weights from red algae Porphyra yezoensis against oxalate-induced oxidative damage in renal epithelial cells.},
journal = {Food &amp; function},
volume = {10},
number = {7},
pages = {3851-3867},
doi = {10.1039/c8fo02556h},
pmid = {31250859},
issn = {2042-650X},
mesh = {Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced/*drug therapy/prevention &amp; control ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Epithelial Cells/*drug effects ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/prevention &amp; control ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects ; Molecular Weight ; Oxalates/*adverse effects ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress/*drug effects ; Polysaccharides/*chemistry/*pharmacology ; Porphyra/*chemistry ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Renal epithelial cell injury is a key step in inducing kidney stone formation. However, research on the role of cell repair in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones is limited. In this study, the repair effect of degraded Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharide (PYP) on oxidative stress-mediated intracellular damage triggered by oxalate in human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells was investigated, and the influence of molecular weight (Mw) on the repair ability of PYP was elucidated. Polysaccharides with different Mws were prepared by degrading PYP with hydrogen peroxide. Four degraded fractions, namely, PYP1, PYP2, PYP3, and PYP4, were successfully obtained with Mws of 576.2, 49.54, 12.65, and 4.020 kDa, respectively. A damaged cell model was established using 2.6 mmol L-1 oxalate to injure HK-2 cells. Various Mws of PYPs were used to repair the damaged cells. The repair mechanism of PYPs against oxalate-induced oxidative stress was examined by evaluating cell proliferation and physiological function recovery. Our study revealed that PYPs increased the viability of oxalate-injured HK-2 cells and restored their morphological characteristics and cytoskeleton. PYPs reduced the levels of oxalate-mediated lactase dehydrogenase release, reactive oxygen species generation, and intracellular Ca2+, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, the number of cells arrested in S phase, the expression of 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine and poly ADP ribose polymerase, lysosomal damage, and the number of apoptotic cells. The PYP fraction with low Mw presented an increased repair activity against cellular damage induced by oxalate. The resistance of the repaired renal cells to crystal adhesion and aggregation was stronger than that of the damaged cells. PYPs might inhibit the formation of kidney stones by repairing damaged cells and inhibiting crystal adhesion and aggregation. We concluded that PYP with low Mw could be used as a potential therapeutic agent against renal stone formation and recurrence.},
}
@article {pmid31217461,
year = {2019},
author = {Rose, E and Lee, D and Xiao, E and Zhao, W and Wee, M and Cohen, J and Bergwitz, C},
title = {Endocrine regulation of MFS2 by branchless controls phosphate excretion and stone formation in Drosophila renal tubules.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {8798},
pmid = {31217461},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {K08 DK078361/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P30 DK079310/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 GM084947/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR001863/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diet ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*metabolism ; Endocrine System/*metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperphosphatemia/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*pathology ; Kidney Tubules/*pathology ; Malpighian Tubules/pathology/ultrastructure ; Microinjections ; Microspheres ; Phosphates/blood/*metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {How inorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis is regulated in Drosophila is currently unknown. We here identify MFS2 as a key Pi transporter in fly renal (Malpighian) tubules. Consistent with its role in Pi excretion, we found that dietary Pi induces MFS2 expression. This results in the formation of Malpighian calcium-Pi stones, while RNAi-mediated knockdown of MFS2 increases blood (hemolymph) Pi and decreases formation of Malpighian tubule stones in flies cultured on high Pi medium. Conversely, microinjection of adults with the phosphaturic human hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) induces tubule expression of MFS2 and decreases blood Pi. This action of FGF23 is blocked by genetic ablation of MFS2. Furthermore, genetic overexpression of the fly FGF branchless (bnl) in the tubules induces expression of MFS2 and increases Malpighian tubule stones suggesting that bnl is the endogenous phosphaturic hormone in adult flies. Finally, genetic ablation of MFS2 increased fly life span, suggesting that Malpighian tubule stones are a key element whereby high Pi diet reduces fly longevity previously reported by us. In conclusion, MFS2 mediates excretion of Pi in Drosophila, which is as in higher species under the hormonal control of FGF-signaling.},
}
@article {pmid31082531,
year = {2019},
author = {Imani Rad, H and Peeri, H and Amani, M and Mohammadnia, A and Ogunniyi, AD and Khazandi, M and Venter, H and Arzanlou, M},
title = {Allicin prevents the formation of Proteus-induced urinary crystals and the blockage of catheter in a bladder model in vitro.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {132},
number = {},
pages = {293-301},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2019.05.016},
pmid = {31082531},
issn = {1096-1208},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Disulfides ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Proteus/*drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Proteus Infections/*prevention &amp; control ; Proteus mirabilis/drug effects/growth &amp; development ; Sulfinic Acids/*pharmacology ; Urease ; Urinary Bladder/*microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology/prevention &amp; control ; Urine ; },
abstract = {Stone formation and catheter blockage are major complications of Proteus UTIs. In this study, we investigated the ability of allicin to inhibit P. mirabilis-induced struvite crystallization and catheter blockage using a synthetic bladder model. Struvite crystallization inhibition study was carried out using P. mirabilis lysate as urease enzyme source in synthetic urine (SU). Struvite productions were monitored by phase contrast light microscopy and measurements of pH, Mg[2+] and Ca[2+] precipitation and turbidity. A catheter blockage study was performed in a synthetic bladder model mimicking natural UTI in the presence of allicin at sub-MIC concentrations (MIC = 64 μg/ml). The results of crystallization study showed that allicin inhibited pH rise and consequently turbidity and precipitation of ions in a dose-dependent manner. The results of catheter blockage study showed that allicin at sub-MIC concentrations (2, 4, 8 μg/ml) significantly increased the time for catheter blockage to occur to 61, 74 and 92 h respectively compared to allicin-free control (48 h). In a similar way, the results showed that allicin delayed the increase of SU pH level in bladder model in a dose-dependent manner compared to allicin-free control. The results also showed that following the increase of allicin concentration, Mg[2+] and Ca[2+] deposition in catheters were much lower compared to allicin-free control, further confirmed by direct observation of the catheters' eyehole and cross sections. We conclude that allicin prevents the formation of Proteus-induced urinary crystals and the blockage of catheters by delaying pH increase and lowering Mg[2+] and Ca[2+] deposition in a dose-dependent manner.},
}
@article {pmid30910829,
year = {2019},
author = {Ibeh, CL and Yiu, AJ and Kanaras, YL and Paal, E and Birnbaumer, L and Jose, PA and Bandyopadhyay, BC},
title = {Evidence for a regulated Ca[2+] entry in proximal tubular cells and its implication in calcium stone formation.},
journal = {Journal of cell science},
volume = {132},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {30910829},
issn = {1477-9137},
support = {R01 DK102043/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R21 EB021483/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States ; Z01 ES101684/ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology/*metabolism ; LLC-PK1 Cells ; Loop of Henle/cytology/metabolism ; Mice ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Swine ; TRPC Cation Channels/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Calcium phosphate (CaP) crystals, which begin to form in the early segments of the loop of Henle (LOH), are known to act as precursors for calcium stone formation. The proximal tubule (PT), which is just upstream of the LOH and is a major site for Ca[2+] reabsorption, could be a regulator of such CaP crystal formation. However, PT Ca[2+] reabsorption is mostly described as being paracellular. Here, we show the existence of a regulated transcellular Ca[2+] entry pathway in luminal membrane PT cells induced by Ca[2+]-sensing receptor (CSR, also known as CASR)-mediated activation of transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) channels. In support of this idea, we found that both CSR and TRPC3 are physically and functionally coupled at the luminal membrane of PT cells. More importantly, TRPC3-deficient mice presented with a deficiency in PT Ca[2+] entry/transport, elevated urinary [Ca[2+]], microcalcifications in LOH and urine microcrystals formations. Taken together, these data suggest that a signaling complex comprising CSR and TRPC3 exists in the PT and can mediate transcellular Ca[2+] transport, which could be critical in maintaining the PT luminal [Ca[2+]] to mitigate formation of the CaP crystals in LOH and subsequent formation of calcium stones.},
}
@article {pmid30838875,
year = {2019},
author = {Curry, JN and Yu, ASL},
title = {Paracellular calcium transport in the proximal tubule and the formation of kidney stones.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Renal physiology},
volume = {316},
number = {5},
pages = {F966-F969},
pmid = {30838875},
issn = {1522-1466},
support = {F30 DK109605/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P20 GM130423/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK115727/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Claudins/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*complications/metabolism/physiopathology ; Ion Transport ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*metabolism ; Nephrocalcinosis/*etiology/metabolism/physiopathology ; *Renal Reabsorption ; },
abstract = {The proximal tubule (PT) is responsible for the majority of calcium reabsorption by the kidney. Most PT calcium transport appears to be passive, although the molecular facilitators have not been well established. Emerging evidence supports a major role for PT calcium transport in idiopathic hypercalciuria and the development of kidney stones. This review will cover recent developments in our understanding of PT calcium transport and the role of the PT in kidney stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid30798331,
year = {2019},
author = {Cairoli, E and Eller-Vainicher, C and Morlacchi, LC and Tarsia, P and Rossetti, V and Pappalettera, M and Arosio, M and Chiodini, I and Blasi, F},
title = {Bone involvement in young adults with cystic fibrosis awaiting lung transplantation for end-stage respiratory failure.},
journal = {Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA},
volume = {30},
number = {6},
pages = {1255-1263},
pmid = {30798331},
issn = {1433-2965},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Density/physiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cystic Fibrosis/blood/*complications/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; *Lung Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithiasis/etiology ; Osteoporosis/blood/*etiology/physiopathology ; Osteoporotic Fractures/blood/etiology/physiopathology ; Respiratory Insufficiency/blood/*etiology/physiopathology/surgery ; Vitamin D/analogs &amp; derivatives/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood/etiology/physiopathology ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Patients with cystic fibrosis awaiting lung transplantation for end-stage respiratory failure have high prevalence of reduced bone mineral density and fragility fracture. Suboptimal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels could significantly contribute to the development of cystic fibrosis-related bone disease.<br><br>INTRODUCTION: The assessment of the prevalence of cystic fibrosis-related bone disease (CFBD) and its associated risk factors in young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) awaiting lung transplantation for end-stage respiratory failure.<br><br>METHODS: Clinical characteristics, bone mineral density (BMD), the parameters of calcium metabolism, including vitamin D (25OHVitD) levels, and the presence of fragility fractures were evaluated in 42 CF patients (24 females, age 34.0&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;8.4&#xa0;years) consecutively referred as lung transplant candidates.<br><br>RESULTS: Mean 25OHVitD levels (54.9&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;26.2&#xa0;nmol/L) were below the reference range and hypovitaminosis D (25OHVitD&#x2009;<&#x2009;75&#xa0;nmol/L) was found in 34 patients (81%) and daily calcium intakes (median 550&#xa0;mg/day) were lower than recommended. A BMD below the expected range for age (Z-score of -&#x2009;2.0 or lower) and at least one prevalent fragility fracture were found in 22 patients (52.4%) and 18 patients (45.2%), respectively. The coexistence of low BMD and the presence of fracture was observed in 13 patients (31.0%). In these patients, the prevalence of nephrolithiasis was higher than in the remaining ones (p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.046). The presence of kidney stones was associated with a worse bone status and with severe vitamin D deficiency. In the whole sample, femoral BMD Z-scores were directly correlated with albumin-adjusted calcium (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05) and 25OHVitD levels (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.01).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Despite the improvement of CF care, CFBD is still highly prevalent in young adults awaiting lung transplantation for end-stage CF. Suboptimal 25OHVitD levels could significantly contribute to the development of CFBD. The presence of nephrolithiasis could be an additional warning about the need for a careful evaluation of bone health in CF patients.},
}
@article {pmid30761807,
year = {2018},
author = {Filippova, TV and Litvinova, MM and Rudenko, VI and Gadzhieva, ZK and Rapoport, LM and Kazilov, YB and Asanov, AY and Subbotina, TI and Khafizov, KF},
title = {[Genetic factors for monogenic forms of calcium urolithiasis].},
journal = {Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)},
volume = {},
number = {4},
pages = {154-160},
pmid = {30761807},
issn = {1728-2985},
mesh = {Calcium ; Humans ; *Urinary Calculi ; *Urolithiasis ; },
abstract = {The article presents pooled results of domestic and international studies investigating genetic aspects of urolithiasis associated with impaired calcium metabolism. The review highlights the importance of early and accurate diagnosis of hereditary diseases associated with kidney stone formation. Of more than 80 currently known monogenic forms of urolithiasis, the authors provide the list of the most significant forms. Using such molecular genetic methods as NGS (next generation sequencing) allows accurate detection of the genetic cause of the disease, develop an individual approach the patients management and timely prevention of the disease among the relatives of the proband.},
}
@article {pmid30696888,
year = {2019},
author = {Gombedza, F and Evans, S and Shin, S and Awuah Boadi, E and Zhang, Q and Nie, Z and Bandyopadhyay, BC},
title = {Melamine promotes calcium crystal formation in three-dimensional microfluidic device.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {875},
pmid = {30696888},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {R01 DK102043/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R21 EB021483/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/chemistry/metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/chemistry/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary ; Cell Line ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*chemistry/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/chemistry/*metabolism ; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ; Minerals ; Triazines/*chemistry ; },
abstract = {Melamine, which induces proximal tubular (PT) cell damage has a greater nephrotoxic effect when combined with cyanuric and uric acids; however, it is unknown whether such effect can stimulate calcium phosphate (CaP)/calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. Here, we show that melamine acts as an inducer of CaP, CaOx and CaP + CaOx (mixed) crystal formations in a time and concentration-dependent manner by stabilizing those crystals and further co-aggregating with melamine. To explore the physiological relevance of such melamine-augmented calcium crystal formation, we used 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D microfluidic (MF) device, embedded with PT cells, which also resembled the effect of melamine-stimulated CaP, CaOx and mixed crystal formation. Significantly, addition of preformed CaP and/or CaOx crystal in the presence of melamine, further potentiated those crystal formations in 3D MFs, which helped the growth and aggregation of mixed crystals. Our data show that the mechanism of such predisposition of stone formation could be largely due to co-crystallization between melamine and CaP/CaOx and pronounced effect on induction of stone-forming pathway activation in 3D MF. Taken together, melamine-induced CaP and/or CaOx crystal formation ex-vivo will help us in understanding the larger role of melamine as an environmental toxicant in producing the pathology in similar cellular microenvironments.},
}
@article {pmid30680550,
year = {2019},
author = {Pozdzik, A and Maalouf, N and Letavernier, E and Brocheriou, I and Body, JJ and Vervaet, B and Van Haute, C and Noels, J and Gadisseur, R and Castiglione, V and Cotton, F and Gambaro, G and Daudon, M and Sakhaee, K},
title = {Meeting report of the "Symposium on kidney stones and mineral metabolism: calcium kidney stones in 2017".},
journal = {Journal of nephrology},
volume = {32},
number = {5},
pages = {681-698},
pmid = {30680550},
issn = {1724-6059},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Decision Trees ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/etiology/*metabolism/therapy ; Minerals/metabolism ; Nephrocalcinosis/genetics ; Nephrolithiasis/genetics ; },
abstract = {A symposium on kidney stones and mineral metabolism held on December 2017 in Brussels, Belgium was the first international multidisciplinary conference of the International Collaborative Network on Kidney Stones and Mineral Metabolism. This meeting addressed epidemiology, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, genetics, pathological, as well as clinical and research topics. The participants included clinicians and recognized experts in the field from Europe and the United States interacted closely during the symposium which promoted a chance to explore new frontiers in the field of kidney stone disease. This manuscript summarizes some of the major highlights of the meeting.},
}
@article {pmid30673801,
year = {2019},
author = {Oliveira, B and Unwin, R and Walsh, SB},
title = {Inherited proximal tubular disorders and nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {47},
number = {1},
pages = {35-42},
pmid = {30673801},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Amino Acid Transport Systems/*genetics/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/pathology/*physiopathology ; Phosphate Transport Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Renal Elimination/*genetics ; },
abstract = {The proximal tubule is responsible for reclaiming water, phosphates and amino acids from the tubular filtrate. There are genetic defects in both phosphate and amino acid transporters leading to nephrolithiasis. This review also explores genetic defects in regulators of phosphate and calcium transport in this nephron segment that lead to stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid30531474,
year = {2019},
author = {Rimer, JD and Sakhaee, K and Maalouf, NM},
title = {Citrate therapy for calcium phosphate stones.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {130-139},
doi = {10.1097/MNH.0000000000000474},
pmid = {30531474},
issn = {1473-6543},
mesh = {Calcium Chelating Agents/*therapeutic use ; Calcium Phosphates/analysis/*urine ; Citric Acid/chemistry/*therapeutic use/urine ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*prevention &amp; control/urine ; Secondary Prevention ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Calcium phosphate (CaP) stones represent an increasingly encountered form of recurrent nephrolithiasis, but current prophylactic medical regimens are suboptimal. Although hypocitraturia is a well-described risk factor for CaP stones, strategies that enhance citrate excretion have not consistently been effective at reducing CaP saturation and stone recurrence. This review summarizes the role of citrate therapy in CaP nephrolithiasis.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Citrate in urine inhibits CaP stone formation through multiple mechanisms, including the formation of soluble citrate-calcium complexes, and inhibition of CaP nucleation, crystal growth and crystal aggregation. Recent in-vitro studies demonstrate that citrate delays CaP crystal growth through distinct inhibitory mechanisms that depend on supersaturation and citrate concentration. The impact of pharmacological provision of citrate on CaP saturation depends on the accompanying cation: Potassium citrate imparts a significant alkali load that enhances citraturia and reduces calciuria, but could worsen urine pH elevation. Conversely, citric acid administration results in minimal citraturia and alteration in CaP saturation.<br><br>SUMMARY: Citrate, starting at very low urinary concentrations, can significantly retard CaP crystal growth in vitro through diverse mechanisms. Clinically, the net impact on CaP stone formation of providing an alkali load during pharmacological delivery of citrate into the urinary environment remains to be determined.},
}
@article {pmid30505182,
year = {2018},
author = {Idrees, N and Tabassum, B and Abd Allah, EF and Hashem, A and Sarah, R and Hashim, M},
title = {Groundwater contamination with cadmium concentrations in some West U.P. Regions, India.},
journal = {Saudi journal of biological sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {7},
pages = {1365-1368},
pmid = {30505182},
issn = {1319-562X},
abstract = {Water is considered a vital resource because it is necessary for all aspects of human and ecosystem survival. However, due to natural processes and anthropogenic activities, various pollutants have been added to the ground water system. Among these, heavy metals are some of the most serious pollutants. Cd, a toxic heavy metal used in Ni-Cd batteries, the colouration of plastic and various discarded electronic products released into the water system causes serious health issues. The chronic exposure to Cd produces a wide variety of acute and chronic effects in humans. Cd accumulates in the human body, especially in the kidneys, resulting in kidney damage (renal tubular damage), which is a critical health effect. Other effects of Cd exposure are disturbances in calcium metabolism, hypercalciuria and the formation of kidney stones. High exposure to Cd can lead to lung cancer and prostate cancer; hence, poor quality water that may result in Cd toxicity has become a global concern. Thus, the aim of this study is to determine the concentration of Cd in underground water sources in western U.P. regions. Water samples were acidified to 1% with nitric acid and then stored in double-capped polyethylene bottles for further analysis by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. After comparing the data to the WHO (2011) permissible limit, the study revealed that the concentration of Cd was higher than the regulatory threshold; therefore, the underground water system is seriously affected by Cd toxicity.},
}
@article {pmid30515733,
year = {2019},
author = {Tavasoli, S and Taheri, M and Taheri, F and Basiri, A and Bagheri Amiri, F},
title = {Evaluating the associations between urinary excretion of magnesium and that of other components in calcium stone-forming patients.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {279-284},
pmid = {30515733},
issn = {1573-2584},
mesh = {Adult ; *Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Correlation of Data ; Creatinine/analysis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iran/epidemiology ; *Kidney/metabolism/physiopathology ; *Kidney Calculi/chemistry/epidemiology/metabolism/urine ; *Magnesium/metabolism/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism/urine ; *Renal Elimination ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinalysis/methods ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Magnesium plays numerous vital roles in human's body. It is known as a protective factor in stone formation by binding to oxalate in the intestinal and urinary system, and decreasing its absorption and crystallization, respectively. Due to controversies about the association between the 24-h urine magnesium and other urine metabolites in different studies, this study was designed to find a clear answer to this question.<br><br>METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, data from 24-h urinalysis of the calcium stone-forming (CSF) patients were assessed. The correlation between 24-h urine (24-U) magnesium to creatinine ratio (Mg/Cr) with other 24-U metabolites to creatinine ratio was assessed, using Spearman correlation test. The association between 24-U magnesium and 24-U oxalate was also studied in a multivariate logistic regression model.<br><br>RESULTS: Among 965 patients, the level of Mg/Cr showed a direct association with all other 24-U metabolite to Cr ratio (p-value&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001 for all analyses). The result of multivariate regression analysis showed that the higher quartile of 24-U oxalate (>&#x2009;47&#xa0;mg/24&#xa0;h) increased the odds of 24-U magnesium more than 75&#xa0;mg/24&#xa0;h (data median) (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.14-3.13) comparing with the lower quartile of 24-U oxalate (&#x2264;&#x2009;26&#xa0;mg/24&#xa0;h).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In a routine dietary habit, since rich sources of magnesium contain a high amount of oxalate at the same time, it is not surprising that magnesium level in 24-h urinalysis showed a direct association with 24-h urine oxalate.},
}
@article {pmid30460527,
year = {2019},
author = {Faller, N and Dhayat, NA and Fuster, DG},
title = {Nephrolithiasis secondary to inherited defects in the thick ascending loop of henle and connecting tubules.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {47},
number = {1},
pages = {43-56},
pmid = {30460527},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Ion Channels/*genetics/metabolism ; Loop of Henle/*metabolism/pathology ; Mutation ; Nephrocalcinosis/etiology/pathology ; Nephrolithiasis/*etiology/pathology ; Renal Elimination/genetics ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/*genetics/pathology ; Renal Reabsorption/genetics ; Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors/complications/*genetics/pathology ; },
abstract = {Twin and genealogy studies suggest a strong genetic component of nephrolithiasis. Likewise, urinary traits associated with renal stone formation were found to be highly heritable, even after adjustment for demographic, anthropometric and dietary covariates. Recent high-throughput sequencing projects of phenotypically well-defined cohorts of stone formers and large genome-wide association studies led to the discovery of many new genes associated with kidney stones. The spectrum ranges from infrequent but highly penetrant variants (mutations) causing mendelian forms of nephrolithiasis (monogenic traits) to common but phenotypically mild variants associated with nephrolithiasis (polygenic traits). About two-thirds of the genes currently known to be associated with nephrolithiasis code for membrane proteins or enzymes involved in renal tubular transport. The thick ascending limb of Henle and connecting tubules are of paramount importance for renal water and electrolyte handling, urinary concentration and maintenance of acid-base homeostasis. In most instances, pathogenic variants in genes involved in thick ascending limb of Henle and connecting tubule function result in phenotypically severe disease, frequently accompanied by nephrocalcinosis with progressive CKD and to a variable degree by nephrolithiasis. The aim of this article is to review the current knowledge on kidney stone disease associated with inherited defects in the thick ascending loop of Henle and the connecting tubules. We also highlight recent advances in the field of kidney stone genetics that have implications beyond rare disease, offering new insights into the most common type of kidney stone disease, i.e., idiopathic calcium stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid30446806,
year = {2019},
author = {Vezzoli, G and Macrina, L and Magni, G and Arcidiacono, T},
title = {Calcium-sensing receptor: evidence and hypothesis for its role in nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {47},
number = {1},
pages = {23-33},
pmid = {30446806},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {5' Untranslated Regions/genetics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Introns/genetics ; Kidney Tubules/*metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/*genetics/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/*genetics/metabolism ; Renal Elimination/genetics ; Renal Reabsorption/genetics ; },
abstract = {Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a plasma-membrane G protein-coupled receptor activated by extracellular calcium and expressed in kidney tubular cells. It inhibits calcium reabsorption in the ascending limb and distal convoluted tubule when stimulated by the increase of serum calcium levels; therefore, these tubular segments are enabled by CaSR to play a substantial role in the regulation of serum calcium levels. In addition, CaSR increases water and proton excretion in the collecting duct and promotes phosphate reabsorption and citrate excretion in the proximal tubule. These CaSR activities form a network in which they are integrated to protect the kidney against the negative effects of high calcium concentrations and calcium precipitates in urine. Therefore, the CaSR gene has been considered as a candidate to explain calcium nephrolithiasis. Epidemiological studies observed that calcium nephrolithiasis was associated with polymorphisms of the CaSR gene regulatory region, rs6776158, located within the promoter-1, rs1501899 located in the intron 1, and rs7652589 in the 5'-untranslated region. These polymorphisms were found to reduce the transcriptional activity of promoter-1. Activating rs1042636 polymorphism located in exon 7 was associated with calcium nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria. Genetic polymorphisms decreasing CaSR expression could predispose individuals to stones because they may impair CaSR protective effects against precipitation of calcium phosphate and oxalate. Activating polymorphisms rs1042636 could predispose to calcium stones by increasing calcium excretion. These findings suggest that CaSR may play a complex role in lithogenesis through different pathways having different relevance under different clinical conditions.},
}
@article {pmid30407920,
year = {2019},
author = {David, K and Moyson, C and Vanderschueren, D and Decallonne, B},
title = {Long-term complications in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism: a cross-sectional study.},
journal = {European journal of endocrinology},
volume = {180},
number = {1},
pages = {71-78},
doi = {10.1530/EJE-18-0580},
pmid = {30407920},
issn = {1479-683X},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*etiology ; Hypoparathyroidism/*complications/drug therapy ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures/*etiology ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Objective Chronic hypoparathyroidism and its treatment may lead to symptoms and complications affecting quality of life. We determined complications in chronic hypoparathyroid patients. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism treated with active vitamin D supplements in a tertiary care centre during the year 2015. Primary outcome parameters were history of kidney stones and seizures and presence of renal and cerebral calcifications on imaging. Secondary outcome parameters were current symptoms of paraesthesia/cramps, hospitalization due to hyper/hypocalcaemia and hypercalciuria. Subjects One hundred and seventy patients were included - 143 (84%) with post-surgical hypoparathyroidism (PSHP), 16 (9%) with non-surgical hypoparathyroidism (NSHP) and 11 (7%) with pseudo-hypoparathyroidism (PHP). Results History of kidney stones and seizures was present in 15 and 9% of patients, respectively. Renal and cerebral imaging was performed in 51 and 26% of the patients, with 22 and 25% of these patients having renal and cerebral calcifications respectively. Both history of seizures and cerebral calcifications were significantly more in NSHP and PHP than in PSHP patients. No association was observed between seizures and cerebral calcifications. Cramps/paraesthesia were present in 16%, and hospitalization related to hypocalcaemia was reported in 5% of the patients. Calciuria was screened in 47% at the time of consultation, and in 76% of the patients during the past 5 years. In 36% of these patients, calciuria was increased. Conclusions Patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism frequently develop ectopic calcifications. Non-surgical patients suffer more from seizures and cerebral calcifications than patients that developed hypoparathyroidism post surgery. There is a need for increased screening of long-term complications, according to the guidelines.},
}
@article {pmid30325822,
year = {2018},
author = {Raynor, WY and Al-Zaghal, A and Werner, TJ and Høilund-Carlsen, PF and Alavi, A},
title = {18F-NaF PET/CT in Prostatic Calculi.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {43},
number = {12},
pages = {e484-e485},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000002317},
pmid = {30325822},
issn = {1536-0229},
mesh = {Calcinosis/*diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prostatic Diseases/*diagnostic imaging ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; Sodium Fluoride ; },
abstract = {Primary prostatic calculi commonly present asymptomatically in men over the age of 50 years. Individual calculi form when the secretory tube is blocked by inflammation, prostatic secretions, or corpora amylacea. Although small prostatic calculi have been described as a component of normal aging, increased prevalence of calculi has been associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatitis. We are presenting prostatic calcification in a 69-year-old man as incidentally detected on F-NaF PET/CT. Although previous publications have reported F-NaF uptake portraying calcification in soft tissue, these findings demonstrate a new domain in which to assess calcium metabolism using F-NaF PET/CT.},
}
@article {pmid30213590,
year = {2018},
author = {Tanaka, H and Imasato, M and Yamazaki, Y and Matsumoto, K and Kunimoto, K and Delpierre, J and Meyer, K and Zerial, M and Kitamura, N and Watanabe, M and Tamura, A and Tsukita, S},
title = {Claudin-3 regulates bile canalicular paracellular barrier and cholesterol gallstone core formation in mice.},
journal = {Journal of hepatology},
volume = {69},
number = {6},
pages = {1308-1316},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhep.2018.08.025},
pmid = {30213590},
issn = {1600-0641},
mesh = {Aging/physiology ; Animals ; Aquaporins/metabolism ; Bile Canaliculi/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability/*physiology ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Claudin-3/genetics/*metabolism ; Claudins/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Gallstones/*metabolism ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Tight Junctions/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Most cholesterol gallstones have a core consisting of inorganic and/or organic calcium salts, although the mechanisms of core formation are poorly understood. We examined whether the paracellular permeability of ions at hepatic tight junctions is involved in the core formation of cholesterol gallstones, with particular interest in the role of phosphate ion, a common food additive and preservative.<br><br>METHODS: We focused on claudin-3 (Cldn3), a paracellular barrier-forming tight junction protein whose expression in mouse liver decreases with age. Since Cldn3-knockout mice exhibited gallstone diseases, we used them to assess the causal relationship between paracellular phosphate ion permeability and the core formation of cholesterol gallstones.<br><br>RESULTS: In the liver of Cldn3-knockout mice, the paracellular phosphate ion permeability through hepatic tight junctions was significantly increased, resulting in calcium phosphate core formation. Cholesterol overdose caused cholesterol gallstone disease in these mice.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We revealed that in the hepatobiliary system, Cldn3 functions as a paracellular barrier for phosphate ions, to help maintain biliary ion homeostasis. We provide in vivo evidence that elevated phosphate ion concentrations play a major role in the lifestyle- and age-related risks of developing cholesterol gallstone disease under cholesterol overdose.<br><br>LAY SUMMARY: Herein, we reveal a new mechanism for cholesterol gallstone formation, in which increased paracellular phosphate ion permeability across hepatobiliary epithelia causes calcium phosphate core formation and cholesterol gallstones. Thus, altered phosphate ion metabolism under cholesterol overdose plays a major role in the lifestyle- and age-related risks of developing cholesterol gallstone disease.},
}
@article {pmid30175942,
year = {2019},
author = {Wang, L and Holmes, RP and Peng, JB},
title = {Modeling the structural and dynamical changes of the epithelial calcium channel TRPV5 caused by the A563T variation based on the structure of TRPV6.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {37},
number = {13},
pages = {3506-3512},
pmid = {30175942},
issn = {1538-0254},
support = {R01 DK104924/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Binding Sites ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; *Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; TRPV Cation Channels/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {TRPV5, transient receptor potential cation channel vanilloid subfamily member 5, is an epithelial Ca[2+] channel that plays a key role in the active Ca[2+] reabsorption process in the kidney. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4252499 in the TRPV5 gene results in an A563T variation in the sixth transmembrane (TM) domain of TRPV5. Our previous study indicated that this variation increases the Ca[2+] transport function of TRPV5. To understand the molecular mechanism, a model of TRPV5 was established based on the newly deposited structure of TRPV6 that has 83.1% amino acid identity with TRPV5 in the modeled region. Computational simulations were performed to study the structural and dynamical differences between the TRPV5 variants with A563 and T563. Consistent with the TRPV1-based simulation, the results indicate that the A563T variation increases the contacts between residues 563 and V540, which is one residue away from the key residue D542 in the Ca[2+]-selective filter. The variation enhanced the stability of the secondary structure of the pore region, decreased the fluctuation of residues around residue 563, and reduced correlated and anti-correlated motion between monomers. Furthermore, the variation increases the pore radius at the selective filter. These findings were confirmed using simulations based on the recently determined structure of rabbit TRPV5. The simulation results provide an explanation for the observation of enhanced Ca[2+] influx in TRPV5 caused by the A563T variation. The A563T variation is an interesting example of how a residue distant from the Ca[2+]-selective filter influences the Ca[2+] transport function of the TRPV5 channel. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
}
@article {pmid30082495,
year = {2018},
author = {Ali, SN and Dayarathna, TK and Ali, AN and Osumah, T and Ahmed, M and Cooper, TT and Power, NE and Zhang, D and Kim, D and Kim, R and St Amant, A and Hou, J and Tailly, T and Yang, J and Luyt, L and Spagnuolo, PA and Burton, JP and Razvi, H and Leong, HS},
title = {Drosophila melanogaster as a function-based high-throughput screening model for antinephrolithiasis agents in kidney stone patients.},
journal = {Disease models &amp; mechanisms},
volume = {11},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {30082495},
issn = {1754-8411},
mesh = {Animals ; Arbutin/analysis/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Birefringence ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate ; Diphosphonates ; Drosophila melanogaster/*metabolism ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Feces ; HEK293 Cells ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/*methods ; Humans ; Ions ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy ; *Models, Biological ; Nanoparticles ; },
abstract = {Kidney stone disease involves the aggregation of stone-forming salts consequent to solute supersaturation in urine. The development of novel therapeutic agents for this predominantly metabolic and biochemical disorder have been hampered by the lack of a practical pre-clinical model amenable to drug screening. Here, Drosophila melanogaster, an emerging model for kidney stone disease research, was adapted as a high-throughput functional drug screening platform independent of the multifactorial nature of mammalian nephrolithiasis. Through functional screening, the therapeutic potential of a novel compound commonly known as arbutin that specifically binds to oxalate, a key component of kidney calculi, was identified. Through isothermal titration calorimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography and atomic force microscopy, arbutin was determined to interact with calcium and oxalate in both free and bound states, disrupting crystal lattice structure, growth and crystallization. When used to treat patient urine samples, arbutin significantly abrogated calculus formation in vivo and outperformed potassium citrate in low pH urine conditions, owing to its oxalate-centric mode of action. The discovery of this novel antilithogenic compound via D. melanogaster, independent of a mammalian model, brings greater recognition to this platform, for which metabolic features are primary outcomes, underscoring the power of D. melanogaster as a high-throughput drug screening platform in similar disorders. This is the first description of the use of D. melanogaster as the model system for a high-throughput chemical library screen. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.},
}
@article {pmid29961155,
year = {2018},
author = {Dos Santos, PMC and Amaral, D and Tararthuch, AL and Fernandez, R},
title = {Calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) modulates vacuolar H[+]-ATPase activity in a cell model of proximal tubule.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental nephrology},
volume = {22},
number = {6},
pages = {1258-1265},
pmid = {29961155},
issn = {1437-7799},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*metabolism ; Neomycin/pharmacology ; Opossums ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/*physiology ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism ; Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is localized in the apical membrane of proximal tubules in close proximity to the transporters responsible for proton secretion. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of CaSR stimulation on the biochemical activity of the vacuolar H[+]-ATPase in a cellular model of proximal tubule cells, OKP cells.<br><br>METHODS: Biochemical activity of H[+]-ATPase was performed using cell homogenates, and the inorganic phosphate released was determined by a colorimetric method. Changes in cytosolic ionized calcium [Ca[2+]]i were also determined using Fluo-4.<br><br>RESULTS: A significant increase of vacuolar H[+]-ATPase activity was observed when the CaSR was stimulated with agonists such as Gd[3+] (300&#xa0;&#xb5;M) and neomycin (200&#xa0;&#xb5;M). This activity was also stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion by changes in extracellular Ca[2+] (Ca[2+]o) between 10[-4] and 2&#xa0;mM. Gd[3+] and neomycin produced a sustained rise of [Ca[2+]]i, an effect that disappears when extracellular calcium was removed in the presence of 0.1&#xa0;&#xb5;M thapsigargin. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) activity with U73122 (5&#x2009;&#xd7;&#x2009;10[-8]&#xa0;M) reduced the increase in [Ca[2+]]i induced by neomycin.<br><br>CONCLUSION: CaSR stimulation induces an increase in the vacuolar H[+]-ATPase activity of OKP cells, an effect that involves an increase in [Ca[2+]]i and require phospholipase C activity. The consequent decrease in intratubular pH could lead to increase ionization of luminal calcium, potentially enhancing its reabsorption in distal tubule segments and reducing the formation of calcium phosphate stones.},
}
@article {pmid29935264,
year = {2018},
author = {Wang, Q and Hu, H and Dirie, NI and Lu, Y and Zhang, J and Cui, L and Qin, B and Wang, Y and Zhu, J and Xun, Y and Zhu, Y and Wu, Y and Wang, S},
title = {High Concentration of Calcium Promotes Mineralization in NRK-52E Cells Via Inhibiting the Expression of Matrix Gla Protein.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {119},
number = {},
pages = {161.e1-161.e7},
doi = {10.1016/j.urology.2018.06.006},
pmid = {29935264},
issn = {1527-9995},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcinosis/etiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors/*biosynthesis ; Cells, Cultured ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors/*biosynthesis ; Kidney Diseases/*etiology ; Rats ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To address whether matrix Gla protein (MGP) can inhibit mineralization in normal rat kidney tubular cells (NRK-52E) under high concentration of calcium.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: NRK-52E cells were treated with high concentration of calcium. The viability and apoptosis of cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytology, respectively. Real-time-polymerase chain, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis were conducted to detect the expression of MGP. Cells were transfected with plasmid-MGP or siRNA-MGP for up- or down-regulation of the expression of MGP, respectively. Rat recombinant MGP was also used as supplementation of exogenous MGP. Alizarin red staining was conducted to detect the adherent and deposition of calcium salt.<br><br>RESULTS: High concentration of calcium suppressed MGP expression in NRK-52E cells. There was significant mineralization when NRK-52E cells were treated with high concentration of calcium. Supplementation with exogenous rat recombinant MGP and overexpression of endogenous MGP both decreased the adherent and deposition of calcium salt to NRK-52E cells, while silence of MGP showed reverse results.<br><br>CONCLUSION: MGP plays an inhibitory role in the stone formation. However, high concentration of calcium significantly inhibits the expression of MGP and then promotes mineralization in NRK-52E cells.},
}
@article {pmid29926935,
year = {2018},
author = {Johnson, E and Vu, L and Matarese, LE},
title = {Bacteria, Bones, and Stones: Managing Complications of Short Bowel Syndrome.},
journal = {Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition},
volume = {33},
number = {4},
pages = {454-466},
doi = {10.1002/ncp.10113},
pmid = {29926935},
issn = {1941-2452},
mesh = {Bacteria/*growth &amp; development ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Colon/metabolism ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism/microbiology ; *Intestine, Small/metabolism/microbiology ; Kidney/metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Osteoporosis/etiology ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Short Bowel Syndrome/*complications ; },
abstract = {Short bowel syndrome (SBS) occurs in patients who have had extensive resection. The primary physiologic consequence is malabsorption, resulting in fluid and electrolyte abnormalities and malnutrition. Nutrient digestion, absorption, and assimilation may also be diminished by disturbances in the production of bile acids and digestive enzymes. Small bowel dilation, dysmotility, loss of ileocecal valve, and anatomical changes combined with acid suppression and antimotility drugs increase the risk of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, further contributing to malabsorption. Metabolic changes that occur in SBS due to loss of colonic regulation of gastric and small bowel function can also lead to depletion of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin D, resulting in demineralization of bone and the eventual development of bone disease. Persistent inflammation, steroid use, parenteral nutrition, chronic metabolic acidosis, and renal insufficiency may exacerbate the problem and contribute to the development of osteoporosis. Multiple factors increase the risk of nephrolithiasis in SBS. In the setting of fat malabsorption, increased free fatty acids are available to bind to calcium, resulting in an increased concentration of unbound oxalate, which is readily absorbed across the colonic mucosa where it travels to the kidney. In addition, there is an increase in colonic permeability to oxalate stemming from the effects of unabsorbed bile salts. The risk of nephrolithiasis is compounded by volume depletion, metabolic acidosis, and hypomagnesemia, resulting in a decrease in renal perfusion, urine output, pH, and citrate excretion. This review examines the causes and treatments of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, bone demineralization, and nephrolithiasis in SBS.},
}
@article {pmid29901287,
year = {2018},
author = {Demidko, LS and Rudenko, VI and Grigoryan, VA and Demidko, YL and Enikeev, ME and Inoyatov, ZS and Amosova, MV},
title = {[Characteristic features of urinary calcium excretion and osteoporosis risk factors in patients with urolithiasis].},
journal = {Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)},
volume = {},
number = {2},
pages = {5-8},
pmid = {29901287},
issn = {1728-2985},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/*urine ; Risk Factors ; Urolithiasis/*urine ; },
abstract = {RELEVANCE: The prevalence of urolithiasis and osteoporosis (OP) indicates that these diseases may be found concurrently in the same patient. The detection of risk factors for OP and disorders of calcium metabolism in patients with urolithiasis is of interest in the context of primary stone formation and metaphylaxis.<br><br>AIM: To identify risk factors for osteoporosis and disorders of calcium metabolism in patients with urolithiasis.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoporosis risk factors were studied in 45 urolithiasis patients undergoing surgical treatment. Patients were asked to fill out the osteoporosis risk factor questionnaire, and urinary calcium excretion was measured in 24-h collections.<br><br>RESULTS: Risk factors for osteoporosis were detected in 20 (44.4%) urolithiasis patients. Patients with osteoporosis risk factors identified by the questionnaire were statistically significantly older (p=0.032). Osteoporosis risk factors were found in 20% of patients with newly diagnosed urolithiasis and 24.4% of patients with recurrent urolithiasis. The study patients showed increased urinary calcium excretion and decreased diuresis. The negative correlation between urinary calcium excretion and 24-h diuresis was greater in patients who had than in those who did not have osteoporosis.<br><br>CONCLUSION: An increase in urinary calcium excretion and a decrease in diuresis can be a predisposing factor for the recurrence of urolithiasis. In patients with risk factors for osteoporosis, it can provide a rationale for administering drugs aimed at preventing stone formation (thiazide diuretics).},
}
@article {pmid29807024,
year = {2018},
author = {Fowler, ED and Drinkhill, MJ and Norman, R and Pervolaraki, E and Stones, R and Steer, E and Benoist, D and Steele, DS and Calaghan, SC and White, E},
title = {Beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist, metoprolol attenuates cardiac myocyte Ca[2+] handling dysfunction in rats with pulmonary artery hypertension.},
journal = {Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology},
volume = {120},
number = {},
pages = {74-83},
pmid = {29807024},
issn = {1095-8584},
support = {FS/13/8/29974/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; PG/13/3/29924/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists/administration &amp; dosage/*therapeutic use ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Failure/metabolism ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy ; Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/drug therapy ; Male ; Metoprolol/administration &amp; dosage/*therapeutic use ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*metabolism ; Pulmonary Artery/*physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stroke Volume/drug effects ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy ; },
abstract = {Right heart failure is the major cause of death in Pulmonary Artery Hypertension (PAH) patients but is not a current, specific therapeutic target. Pre-clinical studies have shown that adrenoceptor blockade can improve cardiac function but the mechanisms of action within right ventricular (RV) myocytes are unknown. We tested whether the β1-adrenoceptor blocker metoprolol could improve RV myocyte function in an animal model of PAH, by attenuating adverse excitation-contraction coupling remodeling. PAH with RV failure was induced in rats by monocrotaline injection. When PAH was established, animals were given 10 mg/kg/day metoprolol (MCT + BB) or vehicle (MCT). The median time to the onset of heart failure signs was delayed from 23 days (MCT), to 31 days (MCT + BB). At 23 ± 1 days post-injection, MCT + BB showed improved in vivo cardiac function, measured by echocardiography. RV hypertrophy was reduced despite persistent elevated afterload. RV myocyte contractility during field stimulation was improved at higher pacing frequencies in MCT + BB. Preserved t-tubule structure, more uniform evoked Ca[2+] release, increased SERCA2a expression and faster ventricular repolarization (measured in vivo by telemetry) may account for the improved contractile function. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca[2+] overload was prevented in MCT + BB myocytes resulting in fewer spontaneous Ca[2+] waves, with a lower pro-arrhythmic potential. Our novel finding of attenuation of defects in excitation contraction coupling by β1-adrenoceptor blockade with delays in the onset of HF, identifies the RV as a promising therapeutic target in PAH. Moreover, our data suggest existing therapies for left ventricular failure may also be beneficial in PAH induced RV failure.},
}
@article {pmid29796583,
year = {2018},
author = {Tessaro, CZW and Ramos, CI and Heilberg, IP},
title = {Influence of nutritional status, laboratory parameters and dietary patterns upon urinary acid excretion in calcium stone formers.},
journal = {Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia : 'orgao oficial de Sociedades Brasileira e Latino-Americana de Nefrologia},
volume = {40},
number = {1},
pages = {35-43},
pmid = {29796583},
issn = {2175-8239},
mesh = {Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; *Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/complications/*metabolism/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Nutritional Status ; Obesity/complications/metabolism/urine ; Overweight/complications/*metabolism/urine ; Retrospective Studies ; Uric Acid/*urine ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) are associated with low urinary pH and represent risk factors for nephrolithiasis, especially composed by uric acid. Acidogenic diets may also contribute to a reduction of urinary pH. Propensity for calcium oxalate precipitation has been shown to be higher with increasing features of the MS.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: A retrospective evaluation of anthropometric and body composition parameters, MS criteria and the dietary patterns of overweight and obese calcium stone formers and their impact upon urinary pH and other lithogenic parameters was performed.<br><br>METHODS: Data regarding anthropometry, body composition, serum and urinary parameters and 3-days dietary records were obtained from medical records of 102(34M/68F) calcium stone formers.<br><br>RESULTS: A negative correlation was found between urinary pH, waist circumference and serum uric acid levels (males). The endogenous production of organic acids (OA) was positively correlated with triglycerides levels and number of features of MS (males), and with glucose, uric acid and triglycerides serum levels, and number of features of MS (females). No significant correlations were detected between Net Acid Excretion (NAE) or Potential Renal Acid Load of the diet with any of the assessed parameters. A multivariate analysis showed a negative association between OA and urinary pH.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The endogenous production of OA and not an acidogenic diet were found to be independently predictive factors for lower urinary pH levels in calcium stone formers. Hypercalciuric and/or hyperuricosuric patients presented higher OA levels and lower levels of urinary pH.},
}
@article {pmid29792045,
year = {2019},
author = {Viljoen, A and Chaudhry, R and Bycroft, J},
title = {Renal stones.},
journal = {Annals of clinical biochemistry},
volume = {56},
number = {1},
pages = {15-27},
doi = {10.1177/0004563218781672},
pmid = {29792045},
issn = {1758-1001},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/physiopathology/therapy ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Renal stone disease is a worldwide problem which carries significant morbidity. It frequently requires specialist urology intervention. Patients with recurrent disease and those at high risk require specialist investigations and review. Certain cases benefit from medical and surgical intervention. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology, risk assessment, specialist investigations and various interventions, their rationale and evidence base. This review aims to provide an update of the previous publication in 2001 in this journal on this topic.},
}
@article {pmid29782491,
year = {2018},
author = {Berens, P and Freeman, J and Deneux, T and Chenkov, N and McColgan, T and Speiser, A and Macke, JH and Turaga, SC and Mineault, P and Rupprecht, P and Gerhard, S and Friedrich, RW and Friedrich, J and Paninski, L and Pachitariu, M and Harris, KD and Bolte, B and Machado, TA and Ringach, D and Stone, J and Rogerson, LE and Sofroniew, NJ and Reimer, J and Froudarakis, E and Euler, T and Román Rosón, M and Theis, L and Tolias, AS and Bethge, M},
title = {Community-based benchmarking improves spike rate inference from two-photon calcium imaging data.},
journal = {PLoS computational biology},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {e1006157},
pmid = {29782491},
issn = {1553-7358},
support = {108726/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; R21 EY027592/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; U19 NS104649/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 EB022913/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States ; R01 EB022915/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States ; R01 EY012816/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; U19 NS107613/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; /WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; R01 EY018322/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; DP1 EY023176/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Action Potentials/*physiology ; Algorithms ; Animals ; Calcium/chemistry/*metabolism/physiology ; Computational Biology/*methods ; Databases, Factual ; Mice ; *Models, Neurological ; Molecular Imaging ; Optical Imaging ; Retina/cytology ; Retinal Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In recent years, two-photon calcium imaging has become a standard tool to probe the function of neural circuits and to study computations in neuronal populations. However, the acquired signal is only an indirect measurement of neural activity due to the comparatively slow dynamics of fluorescent calcium indicators. Different algorithms for estimating spike rates from noisy calcium measurements have been proposed in the past, but it is an open question how far performance can be improved. Here, we report the results of the spikefinder challenge, launched to catalyze the development of new spike rate inference algorithms through crowd-sourcing. We present ten of the submitted algorithms which show improved performance compared to previously evaluated methods. Interestingly, the top-performing algorithms are based on a wide range of principles from deep neural networks to generative models, yet provide highly correlated estimates of the neural activity. The competition shows that benchmark challenges can drive algorithmic developments in neuroscience.},
}
@article {pmid29782346,
year = {2018},
author = {Plain, A and Alexander, RT},
title = {Claudins and nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {27},
number = {4},
pages = {268-276},
doi = {10.1097/MNH.0000000000000426},
pmid = {29782346},
issn = {1473-6543},
support = {MOP 136891//CIHR/Canada ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Claudins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/metabolism ; Ion Transport ; Kidney Tubules/*metabolism ; Nephrocalcinosis/metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Tight Junctions/metabolism ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The greatest risk factor for kidney stone formation is increased urinary calcium excretion. Most filtered calcium is reabsorbed from the proximal tubule and the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle's loop via a paracellular pathway. Claudins are tight junction proteins that confer the permeability properties of an epithelium. We review the contribution of renal claudins to nephron calcium permeability and how perturbations in these pathways cause alterations in tubular calcium transport, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, or nephrolithiasis.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Claudin-16 and Claudin-19 form a complex with claudin-3 enabling divalent cation permeability in the TAL. Claudin-14 interacts with claudin-16 to attenuate calcium permeability through this pore. Intronic mutations in claudin-14 increase expression causing hypercalciuria and kidney stones. A different type of TAL tight junction pore is composed of claudin-10b, which does not preferentially permeate calcium. Deletion of claudin-10b results in increased expression of the claudin-16/claudin-19 complex expressed in the medullary TAL and nephrocalcinosis.<br><br>SUMMARY: Alterations to claudins expressed in the TAL tight junction greatly affects calcium homeostasis as highlighted by point mutations in claudin-16 or claudin-19 causing FHHNC or gain of function mutations in claudin-14 causing kidney stones.},
}
@article {pmid29638127,
year = {2018},
author = {Zhang, H and Mine, Y},
title = {Is Calcium-Sensing Receptor a New Molecular Target toward Improving Gastrointestinal Health?.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {66},
number = {16},
pages = {3995-3997},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01150},
pmid = {29638127},
issn = {1520-5118},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects/*metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/agonists/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid29587817,
year = {2018},
author = {Sakaue, Y and Takenaka, S and Ohsumi, T and Domon, H and Terao, Y and Noiri, Y},
title = {The effect of chlorhexidine on dental calculus formation: an in vitro study.},
journal = {BMC oral health},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {52},
pmid = {29587817},
issn = {1472-6831},
mesh = {Biofilms/drug effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chlorhexidine/*analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Dental Calculus/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control/ultrastructure ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Saliva/drug effects ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) has been proven to be effective in preventing and controlling biofilm formation. At the same time, an increase in calculus formation is known as one of considerable side effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether mineral deposition preceding a calculus formation would occur at an early stage after the use of CHG using an in vitro saliva-related biofilm model.<br><br>METHODS: Biofilms were developed on the MBEC&#x2122; device in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth containing 0.5% sucrose at 37&#xa0;&#xb0;C for 3 days under anaerobic conditions. Biofilms were periodically exposed to 1&#xa0;min applications of 0.12% CHG every 12&#xa0;h and incubated for up to 2 days in BHI containing a calcifying solution. Calcium and phosphate in the biofilm were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and a phosphate assay kit, respectively. Morphological structure was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and chemical composition was analyzed with an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA).<br><br>RESULTS: The concentrations of Ca and Pi following a single exposure to CHG increased significantly compared with the control. Repeatedly exposing biofilms to CHG dose-dependently increased Ca deposition, and the amount of Ca was five times as much as that of the control. Pi levels in CHG-treated biofilms were significantly higher than those from the control group (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05); however, the influence of the number of exposures was limited. Analyses using an SEM and EPMA showed many clusters containing calcium and phosphate complexes in CHG-treated biofilms. Upon composition analysis of the clusters, calcium was detected at a greater concentration than phosphate.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggested that CHG may promote mineral uptake into the biofilm soon after its use. It is necessary to disrupt the biofilm prior to the start of a CHG mouthwash in order to reduce the side effects associated with this procedure. The management of patients is also important.},
}
@article {pmid29562593,
year = {2018},
author = {Letavernier, E and Daudon, M},
title = {Vitamin D, Hypercalciuria and Kidney Stones.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {29562593},
issn = {2072-6643},
mesh = {Animals ; Biomarkers/blood ; Dietary Supplements/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*chemically induced/diagnosis/epidemiology/urine ; Kidney Calculi/*chemically induced/diagnosis/epidemiology/metabolism ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Vitamin D/*adverse effects/*analogs &amp; derivatives/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood/diagnosis/*drug therapy/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {The estimated lifetime risk of nephrolithiasis is growing nowadays, and the formation of kidney stones is frequently promoted by hypercalciuria. Vitamin D, and especially its active metabolite calcitriol, increase digestive calcium absorption-as urinary calcium excretion is directly correlated with digestive calcium absorption, vitamin D metabolites could theoretically increase calciuria and promote urinary stone formation. Nevertheless, there was, until recently, low evidence that 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels would be correlated with kidney stone formation, even if high calcitriol concentrations are frequently observed in hypercalciuric stone formers. Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels have been associated with a broad spectrum of diseases, leading to a huge increase in vitamin D prescription in the general population. In parallel, an increased frequency of kidney stone episodes has been observed in prospective studies evaluating vitamin D alone or in association with calcium supplements, and epidemiological studies have identified an association between high 25-hydroxyvitamin D serum levels and kidney stone formation in some groups of patients. Moreover, urinary calcium excretion has been shown to increase in response to vitamin D supplements, at least in some groups of kidney stone formers. It seems likely that predisposed individuals may develop hypercalciuria and kidney stones in response to vitamin D supplements.},
}
@article {pmid29559506,
year = {2018},
author = {Devarajan, A},
title = {Cross-talk between renal lithogenesis and atherosclerosis: an unveiled link between kidney stone formation and cardiovascular diseases.},
journal = {Clinical science (London, England : 1979)},
volume = {132},
number = {6},
pages = {615-626},
doi = {10.1042/CS20171574},
pmid = {29559506},
issn = {1470-8736},
mesh = {Animals ; Arteries/*metabolism/pathology ; Atherosclerosis/epidemiology/*metabolism/pathology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/*metabolism/pathology ; Lipids/blood ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Proteins/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid/blood ; },
abstract = {The prevalence of kidney stones and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasing throughout the world. Both diseases are chronic and characterized by accumulation of oxidized proteins and lipids in the renal tissue and arterial wall, respectively. Emerging studies have revealed a positive association between nephrolithiasis and CVDs. Based on preclinical and clinical evidences, this review discusses: (i) stone forming risk factors, crystal nucleation, aggregation, injury-induced crystal retention, and stone formation, (ii) CVD risk factors such as dyslipidemia, perturbation of gut microbiome, obesity, free radical-induced lipoprotein oxidation, and retention in the arterial wall, subsequent foam cell formation, and atherosclerosis, (iii) mechanism by which stone forming risk factors such as oxalate, calcium, uric acid, and infection contribute toward CVDs, and (iv) how CVD risk factors, such as cholesterol, phospholipids, and uric acid, contribute to kidney stone formation are described.},
}
@article {pmid29383416,
year = {2018},
author = {Walker, RW and Zhang, S and Coleman-Barnett, JA and Hamm, LL and Hering-Smith, KS},
title = {Calcium receptor signaling and citrate transport.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {46},
number = {5},
pages = {409-418},
pmid = {29383416},
issn = {2194-7236},
support = {R01 DK095879/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U54 GM104940/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Biological Transport ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Citric Acid/*metabolism ; Dicarboxylic Acids/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules, Distal/cytology/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology/*metabolism ; Opossums ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/*metabolism ; Renal Elimination ; },
abstract = {The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in the distal nephron decreases the propensity for calcium stones. Here we investigate if the apical CaSR in the proximal tubule also prevents stone formation acting via regulation of apical dicarboxylate and citrate transport. Urinary citrate, partially reabsorbed as a dicarboxylate in the proximal tubule lumen, inhibits stone formation by complexing calcium. We previously demonstrated a novel apical calcium-sensitive dicarboxylate transport system in OK proximal tubule cells. This calcium-sensitive process has the potential to modulate the amount of citrate available to complex increased urinary calcium. Using isotope labeled succinate uptake in OK cells along with various pharmacologic tools we examined whether the CaSR alters apical dicarboxylate transport and through which signal transduction pathways this occurs. Our results indicate that in the proximal tubule CaSR adjusts apical dicarboxylate transport, and does so via a CaSR → Gq → PKC signaling pathway. Thus, the CaSR may decrease the propensity for stone formation via actions in both proximal and distal nephron segments.},
}
@article {pmid29357414,
year = {2018},
author = {van der Wijst, J and Tutakhel, OAZ and Bos, C and Danser, AHJ and Hoorn, EJ and Hoenderop, JGJ and Bindels, RJM},
title = {Effects of a high-sodium/low-potassium diet on renal calcium, magnesium, and phosphate handling.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Renal physiology},
volume = {315},
number = {1},
pages = {F110-F122},
doi = {10.1152/ajprenal.00379.2017},
pmid = {29357414},
issn = {1522-1466},
mesh = {Animal Feed ; Animals ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Homeostasis ; Kidney Tubules, Distal/*metabolism ; Magnesium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phosphates/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Potassium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; *Renal Reabsorption ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the kidney plays an important role in blood pressure regulation by modulating Na[+] reabsorption via the Na[+]-Cl[-] cotransporter (NCC). A diet containing high salt (NaCl) and low K[+] activates NCC, thereby causing Na[+] retention and a rise in blood pressure. Since high blood pressure, hypertension, is associated with changes in serum calcium (Ca[2+]) and magnesium (Mg[2+]) levels, we hypothesized that dietary Na[+] and K[+] intake affects Ca[2+] and Mg[2+] transport in the DCT. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of a high-Na[+]/low-K[+] diet on renal Ca[2+] and Mg[2+] handling. Mice were divided in four groups and fed a normal-Na[+]/normal-K[+], normal-Na[+]/low-K[+], high-Na[+]/normal-K[+], or high-Na[+]/low-K[+] diet for 4 days. Serum and urine were collected for electrolyte and hormone analysis. Gene and protein expression of electrolyte transporters were assessed in kidney and intestine by qPCR and immunoblotting. Whereas Mg[2+] homeostasis was not affected, the mice had elevated urinary Ca[2+] and phosphate (Pi) excretion upon high Na[+] intake, as well as significantly lower serum Ca[2+] levels in the high-Na[+]/low-K[+] group. Alterations in the gene and protein expression of players involved in Ca[2+] and Pi transport indicate that reabsorption in the proximal tubular and TAL is affected, while inducing a compensatory response in the DCT. These effects may contribute to the negative health impact of a high-salt diet, including kidney stone formation, chronic kidney disease, and loss of bone mineral density.},
}
@article {pmid29135159,
year = {2017},
author = {Kamalov, AA and Okhobotov, DA and Nizov, AN},
title = {[The role of the Randalls plaques in the pathogenesis of recurrent urolitasis].},
journal = {Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)},
volume = {},
number = {5},
pages = {145-148},
doi = {10.18565/urology.2017.5.145-148},
pmid = {29135159},
issn = {1728-2985},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Urothelium/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; },
abstract = {The aim of the work was to present current concept of the pathogenesis of urolithiasis. Treatment and prevention of this disease a challenging issue. The article presents basic information about Randalls plaques that are described as calcium salt deposits on the surface of the transitional cell epithelium. The cause of Randalls plaques was the subject of many studies and is still not completely clear. To date, we can state that the deposit formation starts in the pelvicalyceal system and is directly linked to recurrent urolithiasis. The discovery of Randall plaques in the 1940s transformed the conception of stone formation, but there are even more questions about the pathogenesis of urolithiasis. In that respect, we consider it important to analyze the studies on Randalls plaques.},
}
@article {pmid29135157,
year = {2017},
author = {Egshatyan, LV and Mokrysheva, NG},
title = {[Calciuria as a metabolic marker for various conditions and diseases].},
journal = {Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)},
volume = {},
number = {5},
pages = {132-138},
doi = {10.18565/urology.2017.5.132-138},
pmid = {29135157},
issn = {1728-2985},
mesh = {Bone Resorption/*urine ; Calcium/*urine ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*urine ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Diseases/*urine ; },
abstract = {The article analyzes the literature on the features of human calcium homeostasis. The authors describe the etiopathogenetic role of calcitropic hormones, the plasma and urine acid-base status, various ions, lifestyle and nutrition and other factors contributing to hypercalciuria due to increased intestinal absorption, bone resorption, impairment of tubular calcium reabsorption, etc. They discuss the role of calciuria as a factor in forming urinary calculi and present their own observations.},
}
@article {pmid29126251,
year = {2018},
author = {Bergsland, KJ and Coe, FL and Parks, JH and Asplin, JR and Worcester, EM},
title = {Evidence for a role of PDZ domain-containing proteins to mediate hypophosphatemia in calcium stone formers.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {33},
number = {5},
pages = {759-770},
pmid = {29126251},
issn = {1460-2385},
support = {P01 DK056788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Biomarkers/*analysis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hypophosphatemia/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organic Anion Transporters/*metabolism ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins/*metabolism ; *PDZ Domains ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphoproteins/*metabolism ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 3/*metabolism ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/*metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypophosphatemia (HYP) is common among calcium stone formers (SFs) and in rare cases is associated with mutations in sodium-phosphate cotransporters or in Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 (NHERF1), but the majority of cases are unexplained. We hypothesized that reduced sodium-phosphate cotransporter activity mediated via NHERF1 or a similar PDZ domain-containing protein, causes HYP. If so, other transport activities controlled by NHERF1, such as NHE3 and URAT1, might be reduced in HYP.<br><br>METHODS: To test this idea, we analyzed two large but separate sets of 24-h urine samples and paired serums of 2700 SFs from the University of Chicago and 11&#x2009;073 SFs from Litholink, a national laboratory. Patients were divided into quintiles based on serum phosphate.<br><br>RESULTS: Males were more common in the lowest phosphate tiles in both datasets. Phosphate excretion did not vary across the quintiles, excluding diet as a cause of HYP. Tubule maximum (Tm) phosphate per unit glomerular filtration rate decreased and fractional excretion increased with decreasing phosphate quintiles, indicating reduced tubule phosphate reabsorption was responsible for HYP. Urine pH and serum chloride increased with decreasing serum phosphate, suggesting a coordinate change in NHE3 activity. Serum uric acid and Tm uric acid decreased significantly with decreasing serum phosphate, while uric acid excretion did not vary. Conclusion. HYP in SFs results from decreased tubule phosphate reabsorption and, being associated with related changes in other proximal tubule transporters, may arise from alterations in or signaling to PDZ-containing proteins.},
}
@article {pmid29101657,
year = {2017},
author = {Whisner, CM and Weaver, CM},
title = {Prebiotics and Bone.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1033},
number = {},
pages = {201-224},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_10},
pmid = {29101657},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Animals ; Bone Density/drug effects ; Bone Diseases/physiopathology/prevention &amp; control ; Bone Remodeling/drug effects/physiology ; Bone and Bones/*drug effects/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism/pharmacokinetics ; Fractures, Bone/physiopathology/prevention &amp; control ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*drug effects/physiology ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption/drug effects ; Prebiotics/*administration &amp; dosage ; Signal Transduction/*drug effects ; },
abstract = {Recent advancements in food science have resulted in the extraction and synthesis of novel dietary fibers or prebiotics. Subsequently, great interest has emerged in developing strategies to improve metabolic conditions like osteoporosis by modulating the intestinal microbiome with fiber. Prebiotics have been shown to increase calcium absorption in the lower gut of both animals and humans as well as improve measures of bone mineral density and strength in rodent models. Fewer data are available in humans, but data from growing children and postmenopausal women suggest that prebiotics have both short- and long-term effects that beneficially affect bone turnover and mineral accretion in the skeleton. Currently, the exact mechanism by which these products elicit their effects on bone is poorly understood, but emerging data suggest that the gut microbiota may be involved in one or more direct and indirect pathways. The most well-accepted mechanism is through microbial fermentation of prebiotics which results in the production of short-chain fatty acids and a concomitant decrease in pH which increases the bioavailability of calcium in the colon. While other mechanisms may be eliciting a prebiotic effect on bone, the current data suggest that novel dietary fibers may be an affordable and effective method of maximizing mineral accretion in growing children and preventing bone loss in later years when osteoporosis is a greater risk. This chapter will discuss the dynamic role of prebiotics in bone health by discussing the current state of the art, addressing gaps in knowledge and their role in public health.},
}
@article {pmid29085969,
year = {2018},
author = {Ergon, EY and Akil, &#x130;O and Taneli, F and Oran, A and Ozyurt, BC},
title = {Etiologic risk factors and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in under one-year-old infants with urolithiasis.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {46},
number = {4},
pages = {349-356},
pmid = {29085969},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Diet Surveys ; Dietary Supplements/*adverse effects ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*epidemiology/*genetics/urine ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics ; Risk Factors ; Turkey/epidemiology ; Urolithiasis/*epidemiology/*genetics/urine ; Vitamin D/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects ; },
abstract = {The incidence of urinary tract stones in infancy has been increasing in Turkey. Risk factors and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms were investigated in infants aged < 1 year who had stones. Forty infants with urinary tract stones and 80 infants without stones, aged < 1 year were enrolled in this study. Detailed surveys were taken of all infants, metabolic parameters and ApaI and FokI VDR gene polymorphisms were investigated. Infants with stones tended to be more commonly fed formula and multivitamins (vitamins A, C, D) (p < 0.05). Positive family history came into prominence in the stony group (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in ApaI and FokI VDR gene polymorphisms between the groups with stones and the control groups. However, CA genotype of ApaI polymorphism was associated with family history and C allele of ApaI was related with family history and hypercalciuria (p < 0.05). Hypercalciuria emerged as an underlying metabolic abnormality in the etiology of stones, and was observed at a rate of 38%. Infants who are given formula and multivitamins for vitamin D supplementation are at increased risk for the formation of urinary tract stones. VDR gene polymorphisms cause the formation of urinary tract stones and affect calcium (Ca) metabolism.},
}
@article {pmid28923463,
year = {2018},
author = {Bilezikian, JP and Bandeira, L and Khan, A and Cusano, NE},
title = {Hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {391},
number = {10116},
pages = {168-178},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31430-7},
pmid = {28923463},
issn = {1474-547X},
mesh = {Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/*diagnosis/epidemiology/*therapy ; },
abstract = {Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder of calcium metabolism characterised by hypercalcaemia and elevated or inappropriately normal concentrations of parathyroid hormone. Almost always, primary hyperparathyroidism is due to a benign overgrowth of parathyroid tissue either as a single gland (80% of cases) or as a multiple gland disorder (15-20% of cases). Primary hyperparathyroidism is generally discovered when asymptomatic but the disease always has the potential to become symptomatic, resulting in bone loss and kidney stones. In countries where biochemical screening tests are not common, symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism tends to predominate. Another variant of primary hyperparathyroidism has been described in which the serum calcium concentration is within normal range but parathyroid hormone is elevated in the absence of any obvious cause. Primary hyperparathyroidism can be cured by removal of the parathyroid gland or glands but identification of patients who are best advised to have surgery requires consideration of the guidelines that are regularly updated. Recommendations for patients who do not undergo parathyroid surgery include monitoring of serum calcium concentrations and bone density.},
}
@article {pmid28847730,
year = {2017},
author = {Wang, L and Holmes, RP and Peng, JB},
title = {The L530R variation associated with recurrent kidney stones impairs the structure and function of TRPV5.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {492},
number = {3},
pages = {362-367},
pmid = {28847730},
issn = {1090-2104},
support = {R01 DK072154/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK104924/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Genetic Variation/*genetics ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Oocytes/metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Xenopus ; },
abstract = {TRPV5 is a Ca[2+]-selective channel that plays a key role in the reabsorption of Ca[2+] ions in the kidney. Recently, a rare L530R variation (rs757494578) of TRPV5 was found to be associated with recurrent kidney stones in a founder population. However, it was unclear to what extent this variation alters the structure and function of TRPV5. To evaluate the function and expression of the TRPV5 variant, Ca[2+] uptake in Xenopus oocytes and western blot analysis were performed. The L530R variation abolished the Ca[2+] uptake activity of TRPV5 in Xenopus oocytes. The variant protein was expressed with drastic reduction in complex glycosylation. To assess the structural effects of this L530R variation, TRPV5 was modeled based on the crystal structure of TRPV6 and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out. Simulation results showed that the L530R variation disrupts the hydrophobic interaction between L530 and L502, damaging the secondary structure of transmembrane domain 5. The variation also alters its interaction with membrane lipid molecules. Compared to the electroneutral L530, the positively charged R530 residue shifts the surface electrostatic potential towards positive. R530 is attracted to the negatively charged phosphate group rather than the hydrophobic carbon atoms of membrane lipids. This shifts the pore helix where R530 is located and the D542 residue in the Ca[2+]-selective filter towards the surface of the membrane. These alterations may lead to misfolding of TRPV5, reduction in translocation of the channel to the plasma membrane and/or impaired Ca[2+] transport function of the channel, and ultimately disrupt TRPV5-mediated Ca[2+] reabsorption.},
}
@article {pmid28776078,
year = {2018},
author = {Zeng, T and Duan, X and Zhu, W and Liu, Y and Wu, W and Zeng, G},
title = {SaRNA-mediated activation of TRPV5 reduces renal calcium oxalate deposition in rat via decreasing urinary calcium excretion.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {46},
number = {3},
pages = {271-278},
pmid = {28776078},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Calcium Channels/*genetics ; Calcium Oxalate/*chemistry/urine ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ethylene Glycol/toxicity ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*genetics/metabolism/urine ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/chemically induced/*genetics/metabolism/urine ; Male ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Double-Stranded/administration &amp; dosage/*genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renal Reabsorption/genetics ; TRPV Cation Channels/*genetics ; Transcriptional Activation/genetics ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria is a main risk factor for kidney stone formation. TRPV5 is the gatekeeper protein for mediating calcium transport and reabsorption in the kidney. In the present study, we tested the effect of TRPV5 activation with small activating RNA (saRNA), which could induce gene expression by targeting the promoter of the gene, on ethylene glycol (EG)-induced calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals formation in rat kidney. Five pairs of RNA activation sequences targeting the promoter of rat TRPV5 were designed and synthesized. The synthesized saRNA with the strongest activating effect was selected, and transcellular calcium transportation was tested by Fura-2 analysis. Subsequently, Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into three groups and fed with water, 1% EG for 28 days after injecting the negative control saRNA, 1% EG for 28 days after injecting the selected TRPV5-saRNA, respectively. The CaOx crystal formation and the 24-h urine components were assessed. In vitro study, saRNA ds-320 could significantly activate the expression of TRPV5 and transcellular calcium transportation. In vivo study, after 28 days treatment of EG, rats pre-infected with saRNA ds-320 had lower urinary calcium excretion and renal CaOx crystals formation as compared to that pre-infected with negative control saRNA. Activation of TRVP5 with saRNA ds-320 could inhibit EG-induced calcium oxalate crystals formation via promoting urine calcium reabsorption and decreasing urine calcium excretion in rats.},
}
@article {pmid28720371,
year = {2017},
author = {Taguchi, K and Yasui, T and Milliner, DS and Hoppe, B and Chi, T},
title = {Genetic Risk Factors for Idiopathic Urolithiasis: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Causal Network Analysis.},
journal = {European urology focus},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {72-81},
doi = {10.1016/j.euf.2017.04.010},
pmid = {28720371},
issn = {2405-4569},
support = {P20 DK100863/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R21 DK109433/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Inflammation/genetics ; Oxidative Stress/genetics ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry ; Urolithiasis/*genetics ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: Urolithiasis has a high prevalence and recurrence rate. Prevention is key to patient management, but risk stratification is challenging. In particular, genetic predisposition for urinary stones is not fully understood.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To review current evidence of potential causative genes for idiopathic urolithiasis and map their relationships to one another. This evidence is essential for future establishment of molecular targeted therapy.<br><br>EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic literature review from 2007 to 2017 was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines. The search was restricted to human studies conducted as either case-control or genome-wide association studies, and published in English. We also performed a causal network analysis of candidate genes gained from the systematic review using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).<br><br>EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: During the systematic screening of literature, 30 papers were selected for the review. A total of 20 genes with 42 polymorphisms/variants were found to be associated with urolithiasis risk. Their functional roles were mainly categorized as stone matrix, calcium and phosphate regulation, urinary concentration and constitution, and inflammation/oxidative stress. IPA network analysis revealed that these genes connected via signaling pathways and a proinflammatory/oxidative environment.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides an updated gene list and novel causal networks for idiopathic urolithiasis risk. Although some genes such as SPP1, CASR, VDR, CLDN14, and SLC34A1 were identified by several studies and recognized by prior reviews, further investigation elucidating their roles in stone formation will be essential for future studies.<br><br>PATIENT SUMMARY: In this review, we summarized recent literature regarding genes responsible for kidney stone risk. Based on a detailed review of 30 articles and computational network analysis, we concluded that disorder of mineral regulation with local inflammation in the kidney may cause kidney stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid28643676,
year = {2017},
author = {Spivacow, FR and Palumbo, C},
title = {[Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism in women].},
journal = {Medicina},
volume = {77},
number = {3},
pages = {196-200},
pmid = {28643676},
issn = {0025-7680},
mesh = {Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Asymptomatic Diseases ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Prospective Studies ; },
abstract = {Primary hyperparathyroidism may have different characteristics. One is the asymptomatic form. This is a mild variant of hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism, characterized by a calcemia not greater than 1 mg/dl above the upper limit of the method, a high intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), absence of renal stones, renal function impairement, and osteoporosis, less than 50 years of age, and less than 400 mg/day calciuria. It is not a surgical entity, but its evolution may require it. Twenty-four postmenopausal women, all older than 50 years, with a diagnosis of asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism, were studied. Clinical manifestations, densitometric changes, biochemical parameters and bone remodeling were analyzed and the results were compared with the classic and normocalcemic variants of the disease. Diagnostic criteria were established and observed that only 2 (8.3%) of patients, during a follow up of 44 ± 12 months, had need for a parathyroidectomy. In conclusion, the asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism is a benign disorder, of periodic clinical follow-up, which rarely may require surgery.},
}
@article {pmid28624518,
year = {2017},
author = {Sadaf, H and Raza, SI and Hassan, SW},
title = {Role of gut microbiota against calcium oxalate.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {109},
number = {},
pages = {287-291},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.009},
pmid = {28624518},
issn = {1096-1208},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Diet ; Dietary Supplements ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/*physiology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism/*microbiology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/prevention &amp; control ; Lactobacillus/metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/prevention &amp; control ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Oxalobacter formigenes/metabolism ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis is a condition marked by the presence or formation of stones in kidneys. Several factors contribute to kidney stones development such as environmental conditions, type of dietary intake, gender and gastrointestinal flora. Most of the kidney stones are composed of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate, which enter in to the body through diet. Both sources of oxalates become dangerous when normal flora of gastrointestinal tract is disturbed. Oxalobacter and Lactobacillus species exist symbiotically in the human gut and prevent stone formation by altering some biochemical pathways through production of specific enzymes which help in the degradation of oxalate salts. Both Oxalobacter and Lactobacillus have potential probiotic characteristics for the prevention of kidney stone formation and this avenue should be further explored.},
}
@article {pmid28623397,
year = {2018},
author = {Rodgers, AL and Jappie-Mahomed, D and van Jaarsveld, PJ},
title = {Different effects of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) supplementation on plasma and red blood cell phospholipid fatty acid composition and calcium oxalate kidney stone risk factors in healthy subjects from two race groups with different risk profiles pose questions about the GLA-arachidonic acid-oxaluria metabolic pathway: pilot study.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {46},
number = {2},
pages = {137-147},
pmid = {28623397},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Adult ; Arachidonic Acid/biosynthesis/blood ; Biomarkers/blood/urine ; Dietary Supplements ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/blood/metabolism ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/blood/ethnology/*metabolism/urine ; Linoleic Acids/blood/metabolism ; Male ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/*drug effects ; Nephrolithiasis/blood/ethnology/*metabolism/urine ; Phospholipids/*blood/metabolism ; Pilot Projects ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult ; gamma-Linolenic Acid/blood/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Fatty acid (FA) composition of phospholipids in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) can influence calciuria, oxaluria and renal stone formation. In this regard, the ratio of arachidonic acid (AA) and its precursor linoleic acid (LA) appears to be important. Administration of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) has been shown to increase the concentration of dihomo-gamma linoleic acid (DGLA) relative to AA indicating that it may attenuate biosynthesis of the latter. Such effects have not been investigated in race groups having difference stone occurrence rates. Black (B) and white (W) healthy males ingested capsules containing linoleic acid (LA) and GLA, for 30 days. Plasma and RBC total phospholipid (TPL) FA profiles, serum and 24 h urine biomarkers of hypercalciuria and urinary stone risk factors were determined on days 0 and 30. Data were tested for statistical significance using GraphPadInstat version 3.02. Concentration and percentage content of DGLA in plasma TPL increased in W but not in B. Arachidonic acid (AA) did not change in either group. There was no change in calcium excretion in either group but oxalate and citrate excretion increased in W. We suggest that elongation of GLA to DGLA may occur more rapidly than desaturation of DGLA to AA in W and that depressed activity of the enzyme elongase may occur in B. Calciuric and citraturic effects may be dependent on the quantity of LA or on the mass ratio of LA/GLA in the FA supplement. Questions about the mooted DGLA-AA-oxaluria pathway arise. We speculate that there exists a potential for using GLA as a conservative treatment for hypocitraturia. The observation of different responses in B and W indicates that such differences may play a role in stone formation and prevention.},
}
@article {pmid28559311,
year = {2017},
author = {Gyobu, S and Ishihara, K and Suzuki, J and Segawa, K and Nagata, S},
title = {Characterization of the scrambling domain of the TMEM16 family.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {114},
number = {24},
pages = {6274-6279},
pmid = {28559311},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {Animals ; Anoctamins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Mice ; Phospholipid Transfer Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Phospholipids/chemistry/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Protein Domains/genetics ; },
abstract = {The TMEM16 protein family has 10 members, each of which carries 10 transmembrane segments. TMEM16A and 16B are Ca[2+]-activated Cl[-] channels. Several other members, including TMEM16F, promote phospholipid scrambling between the inner and outer leaflets of a cell membrane in response to intracellular Ca[2+] However, the mechanism by which TMEM16 proteins translocate phospholipids in plasma membranes remains elusive. Here we show that Ca[2+]-activated, TMEM16F-supported phospholipid scrambling proceeds at 4 °C. Similar to TMEM16F and 16E, seven TMEM16 family members were found to carry a domain (SCRD; scrambling domain) spanning the fourth and fifth transmembrane segments that conferred scrambling ability to TMEM16A. By introducing point mutations into TMEM16F, we found that a lysine in the fourth transmembrane segment of the SCRD as well as an arginine in the third and a glutamic acid in the sixth transmembrane segment were important for exposing phosphatidylserine from the inner to the outer leaflet. However, their role in internalizing phospholipids was limited. Our results suggest that TMEM16 provides a cleft containing hydrophilic "stepping stones" for the outward translocation of phospholipids.},
}
@article {pmid28526969,
year = {2017},
author = {Theka, T and Rodgers, A},
title = {Glycaemia and phosphatemia after oral glucose and maltitol ingestion in subjects from two different race groups: preliminary evidence of inter-race differences in metabolism and possible implications for urinary stone disease.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {49},
number = {8},
pages = {1369-1374},
pmid = {28526969},
issn = {1573-2584},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Adult ; *Black People ; Blood Glucose/*metabolism ; Cross-Over Studies ; Glucose/administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Male ; Maltose/administration &amp; dosage/analogs &amp; derivatives/metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/ethnology ; Phosphates/*blood ; Random Allocation ; Risk Factors ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Sugar Alcohols/administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; Sweetening Agents/administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; *White People ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Glucose (Glu) and maltitol (Mal) ingestion affect calciuria and phosphaturia. Renal phosphate leak involving hypophosphatemia is thought to be a mechanism. Inter-race differences in carbohydrate metabolism are known. We investigated the effects of Glu and Mal ingestion on glycaemia and phosphatemia in subjects from two race groups to better understand potential implications for nephrolithiasis.<br><br>METHODS: Healthy black (B) (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;8) and white (W) (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;8) males followed a self-selected standardized diet for 7 days and a strictly controlled standardized diet on Day 8. After an overnight fast, subjects provided blood samples prior to and 30&#xa0;min after ingestion of a randomly assigned solution of Glu or Mal. Blood Glu and serum phosphate were measured. Protocols were swapped after a 1-week washout period.<br><br>RESULTS: Following Glu ingestion, glycaemia increased significantly in W (4.8 vs 6.2&#xa0;mmol/l) but not in B (4.7 vs 5.3&#xa0;mmol/l) while phosphatemia decreased significantly in B (1.16 vs 1.01&#xa0;mmol/l) but not in W (1.24 vs 1.15&#xa0;mmol/l). After Mal ingestion, glycaemia increased significantly in B (4.7 vs 5.2&#xa0;mmol/l) but not in W (4.6 vs 5.9&#xa0;mmol/l), while phosphatemia decreased significantly in W (1.24 vs 1.18&#xa0;mmol/l) but not in B (1.17 vs 1.06&#xa0;mmol/l).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that enzymes which regulate glycolysis may be less active in B than in W, or expression of renal transcellular Glu transporters may be relatively inhibited in B. Effects on phosphatemia are carbohydrate- and race-dependent, thereby prohibiting speculation of a general algorithm linking these variables. Inter-race differences in metabolic handling of carbohydrates might impact on respective nephrolithiasis risk factors in such groups.},
}
@article {pmid28459860,
year = {2017},
author = {Cybulski, TR and Boyden, ES and Church, GM and Tyo, KEJ and Kording, KP},
title = {Nucleotide-time alignment for molecular recorders.},
journal = {PLoS computational biology},
volume = {13},
number = {5},
pages = {e1005483},
pmid = {28459860},
issn = {1553-7358},
support = {DP1 NS087724/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 MH103910/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; T32 GM008152/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Algorithms ; Calcium/analysis/metabolism ; Computational Biology/*methods ; Computer Simulation ; *DNA/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Neurons/metabolism ; Neurosciences ; *Nucleotides/analysis/metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Using a DNA polymerase to record intracellular calcium levels has been proposed as a novel neural recording technique, promising massive-scale, single-cell resolution monitoring of large portions of the brain. This technique relies on local storage of neural activity in strands of DNA, followed by offline analysis of that DNA. In simple implementations of this scheme, the time when each nucleotide was written cannot be determined directly by post-hoc DNA sequencing; the timing data must be estimated instead. Here, we use a Dynamic Time Warping-based algorithm to perform this estimation, exploiting correlations between neural activity and observed experimental variables to translate DNA-based signals to an estimate of neural activity over time. This algorithm improves the parallelizability of traditional Dynamic Time Warping, allowing several-fold increases in computation speed. The algorithm also provides a solution to several critical problems with the molecular recording paradigm: determining recording start times and coping with DNA polymerase pausing. The algorithm can generally locate DNA-based records to within <10% of a recording window, allowing for the estimation of unobserved incorporation times and latent neural tunings. We apply our technique to an in silico motor control neuroscience experiment, using the algorithm to estimate both timings of DNA-based data and the directional tuning of motor cortical cells during a center-out reaching task. We also use this algorithm to explore the impact of polymerase characteristics on system performance, determining the precision of a molecular recorder as a function of its kinetic and error-generating properties. We find useful ranges of properties for DNA polymerase-based recorders, providing guidance for future protein engineering attempts. This work demonstrates a useful general extension to dynamic alignment algorithms, as well as direct applications of that extension toward the development of molecular recorders, providing a necessary stepping stone for future biological work.},
}
@article {pmid28400273,
year = {2017},
author = {Fleet, JC},
title = {The role of vitamin D in the endocrinology controlling calcium homeostasis.},
journal = {Molecular and cellular endocrinology},
volume = {453},
number = {},
pages = {36-45},
pmid = {28400273},
issn = {1872-8057},
support = {R01 DK054111/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary ; Endocrine System/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Homeostasis ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Parathyroid Glands/metabolism ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*metabolism ; Vitamin D/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Vitamin D and its' metabolites are a crucial part of the endocrine system that controls whole body calcium homeostasis. The goal of this hormonal control is to regulate serum calcium levels so that they are maintained within a very narrow range. To achieve this goal, regulatory events occur in coordination at multiple tissues, e.g. the intestine, kidney, bone, and parathyroid gland. Production of the vitamin D endocrine hormone, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D) is regulated by habitual dietary calcium intake and physiologic states like growth, aging, and the menopause. The molecular actions of 1,25(OH)2 D on calcium regulating target tissues are mediated predominantly by transcription controlled by the vitamin D receptor. A primary role for 1,25(OH)2 D during growth is to increase intestinal calcium absorption so that sufficient calcium is available for bone mineralization. However, vitamin D also has specific actions on kidney and bone.},
}
@article {pmid28381520,
year = {2017},
author = {Yiu, AJ and Ibeh, CL and Roy, SK and Bandyopadhyay, BC},
title = {Melamine induces Ca[2+]-sensing receptor activation and elicits apoptosis in proximal tubular cells.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Cell physiology},
volume = {313},
number = {1},
pages = {C27-C41},
pmid = {28381520},
issn = {1522-1563},
support = {R01 DK102043/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; DNA Fragmentation ; Environmental Pollutants/*toxicity ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Fibronectins/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/agonists/metabolism ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/*agonists/genetics/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; Swine ; Time-Lapse Imaging ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics/metabolism ; Triazines/*toxicity ; },
abstract = {Melamine causes renal tubular cell injury through inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Although melamine affects the rise in intracellular Ca[2+] concentration ([Ca[2+]]i), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and proapoptotic pathway activation, the mechanism of upstream Ca[2+] signaling is unknown. Because melamine has some structural similarities with l-amino acids, which endogenously activate Ca[2+]-sensing receptors (CSR), we examined the effect of melamine on CSR-induced Ca[2+] signaling and apoptotic cell death. We show here that melamine activates CSR, causing a sustained Ca[2+] entry in the renal epithelial cell line, LLC-PK1. Moreover, such CSR stimulation resulted in a rise in [Ca[2+]]i, leading to enhanced ROS production. Furthermore, melamine-induced elevated [Ca[2+]]i and ROS production caused a dose-dependent increase in apoptotic (by DAPI staining, DNA laddering, and annexin V assay) and necrotic (propidium iodide staining) cell death. Upon examining the downstream mechanism, we found that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), which increases extracellular matrix genes and proapoptotic signaling, was also upregulated at lower doses of melamine, which could be due to an early event inducing apoptosis. Additionally, cells exposed to melamine displayed a rise in pERK activation and lactate dehydrogenase release resulting in cytotoxicity. These results offer a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms by which melamine exerts its effect on CSR, causing a sustained elevation of [Ca[2+]]i, leading to ROS generation, fibronectin production, proapoptotic pathway activation, and renal cell damage. Together, these results thus suggest that melamine-induced apoptosis and/or necrosis may subsequently result in acute kidney injury and promote kidney stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid28292388,
year = {2017},
author = {Ather, MH and Sulaiman, MN and Siddiqui, I and Siddiqui, T},
title = {Tailored Metabolic Workup for Urolithiasis - The Debate Continues.},
journal = {Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {101-104},
pmid = {28292388},
issn = {1681-7168},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Disease Management ; Humans ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; *Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Secondary Prevention/*standards ; *Urolithiasis/metabolism/prevention &amp; control/therapy ; },
abstract = {Urolithiasis is one of the commonest afflictions of the urinary tract. Stones are of various chemical compositions, some share some common etiology; but most are specific to the structure and composition of stone. In view of highly recurrent nature of this condition, it is logical to have strategies for prevention. However, due to multiple factors most patients receive no or fragmented information on prevention. The current controversy is to the extent of metabolic workup in adult first time stone former. This requires longitudinal studies to show benefit in prevention strategies. Patients at high risk can have recurrence in weeks to years, depending upon the composition and attending risk factor. They should be targeted with concentric and tailored prevention protocols. The major urological guidelines (EAU and AUA) recommend basic stone workup for all patients. However, indication for detailed workup are less well documented, so one potential solution is to tailor metaphylaxis strategies for individual patient.},
}
@article {pmid28229505,
year = {2017},
author = {Ure, ME and Heydari, E and Pan, W and Ramesh, A and Rehman, S and Morgan, C and Pinsk, M and Erickson, R and Herrmann, JM and Dimke, H and Cordat, E and Lemaire, M and Walter, M and Alexander, RT},
title = {A variant in a cis-regulatory element enhances claudin-14 expression and is associated with pediatric-onset hypercalciuria and kidney stones.},
journal = {Human mutation},
volume = {38},
number = {6},
pages = {649-657},
doi = {10.1002/humu.23202},
pmid = {28229505},
issn = {1098-1004},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Binding Sites/genetics ; Calcium/blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Claudins/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/complications/*genetics/pathology ; Infant ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*genetics/pathology ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Protein Binding/genetics ; Repressor Proteins/*genetics ; },
abstract = {The greatest risk factor for kidney stones is hypercalciuria, the etiology of which is largely unknown. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) linked hypercalciuria and kidney stones to a claudin-14 (CLDN14) risk haplotype. However, the underlying molecular mechanism was not delineated. Recently, renal CLDN14 expression was found to increase in response to increased plasma calcium, thereby inducing calciuria. We hypothesized therefore that some children with hypercalciuria and kidney stones harbor a CLDN14 variant that inappropriately increases gene expression. To test this hypothesis, we sequenced the CLDN14 risk haplotype in a cohort of children with idiopathic hypercalciuria and kidney stones. An intronic SNP was more frequent in affected children. Dual luciferase and cell-based assays demonstrated increased reporter or CLDN14 expression when this polymorphism was introduced. In silico studies predicted the SNP introduced a novel insulinoma-associated 1 (INSM1) transcription factor binding site. Consistent with this, repeating the dual luciferase assay in the presence of INSM1 further increased reporter expression. Our data suggest that children with the INSM1 binding site within the CLDN14 risk haplotype have a higher likelihood of hypercalciuria and kidney stones. Enhanced CLDN14 expression may play a role in the pathophysiology of their hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid28188435,
year = {2017},
author = {Kovacevic, L and Lu, H and Caruso, JA and Govil-Dalela, T and Thomas, R and Lakshmanan, Y},
title = {Marked increase in urinary excretion of apolipoproteins in children with nephrolithiasis associated with hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {32},
number = {6},
pages = {1029-1033},
pmid = {28188435},
issn = {1432-198X},
support = {P30 ES020957/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; P30 CA022453/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD010700/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Apolipoproteins/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Child ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Citrates/urine ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/metabolism/*urine ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*urine ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Pilot Projects ; Prospective Studies ; Proteomics/methods ; *Renal Elimination ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Using a proteomic approach, we aimed to identify and compare the urinary excretion of proteins involved in lipid transport and metabolism in children with kidney stones and hypercalciuria (CAL), hypocitraturia (CIT), and normal metabolic work-up (NM), and in healthy controls (HCs). Additionally, we aimed to confirm these results using ELISA, and to examine the relationship between the urinary excretion of selected proteins with demographic, dietary, blood, and urinary parameters.<br><br>METHODS: Prospective, controlled, pilot study of pooled urine from CAL, CIT, and NM versus age- and gender-matched HCs, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Relative protein abundance was estimated using spectral counting. Results were confirmed by ELISA performed on individual samples.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 1,813 proteins identified, 230 met the above criteria. Of those, 5 proteins (apolipoprotein A-II [APOA2]; apolipoprotein A-IV [APOA4]; apolipoprotein C-III [APOA3]; fatty acid-binding protein, liver [FABPL]; fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte [FABP4]) involved in lipid metabolism and transport were found in the CAL group, with significant differences compared with HCs. ELISA analysis indicated statistically significant differences in the urinary excretion of APOC3, APOA4, and FABPL in the CAL group compared with HCs. Twenty-four-hour urinary calcium excretion correlated significantly with concentrations of ApoC3 (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.77, p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.001), and FABPL (r&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.80, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.005).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We provide proteomic data showing increased urinary excretion of lipid metabolism/transport-related proteins in children with kidney stones and hypercalciuria. These findings suggest that abnormalities in lipid metabolism might play a role in kidney stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid27981376,
year = {2017},
author = {Johri, N and Jaeger, P and Ferraro, PM and Shavit, L and Nair, D and Robertson, WG and Gambaro, G and Unwin, RJ},
title = {Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among idiopathic stone formers, but does correction pose any risk?.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {45},
number = {6},
pages = {535-543},
pmid = {27981376},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Cholecalciferol/*adverse effects ; Cohort Studies ; Creatinine/urine ; Dietary Supplements/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/chemically induced/*urine ; Kidney Calculi/blood/epidemiology/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/urine ; Prevalence ; Renal Elimination/drug effects ; Risk Factors ; Vitamin D/analogs &amp; derivatives/blood ; Vitamin D Deficiency/blood/drug therapy/*epidemiology/urine ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {While vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is thought to contribute to poor health in a variety of ways and should be corrected, there is still concern about giving vitD supplements to patients with a history of nephrolithiasis. The aim is to study the prevalence of vitD deficiency and the effect on stone risk of cholecalciferol (vitD3) supplementation in a cohort of idiopathic stone formers (ISF). We screened for vitD deficiency and urinary measures of stone risk, comparing vitD deficient (serum 25-OH vitD ≤30 nmol/L; ≤12 ng/mL) with vitD insufficient (31-75 nmol/L; 13-30 ng/mL) or vitD replete (>75 nmol/L; >30 ng/mL); we investigated the effect of giving vitD3 (20,000 IU orally, weekly for 4 months) to 37 of the vitD deficients. Thirty-one percent (142/456) were vitD deficient, 57% (259/456) vitD insufficient, and the rest (12%) vitD replete (55/456). Comparison among the groups showed that baseline 24-h urinary measures related to stone risk expressed as concentration ratios over urine creatinine (Cr), such as U. Calcium/Cr, U. Oxalate/Cr, U. Citrate/Cr, and U. Uric acid/Cr were not significantly different. VitD3 supplementation did significantly increase serum 25-OH vitD levels and U. Phosphate/Cr ratios, as well as reduce serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. Following vitD3 supplementation, there was an overall rise in 24-h urine calcium excretion, but it failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.06). U. Calcium/Cr increased in 22 out of 37 patients (average increase +0.07 mmol/mmol), decreased in 14 (average decrease -0.13 mmol/mmol), and remained unchanged in 1; 6 out of 26 initially normocalciuric ISF developed hypercalciuria; and 6 out of 9 patients who became vitD replete were hypercalciuric after supplementation. It is appropriate to monitor urinary Ca excretion in vitD-supplemented stone formers, because it may reveal underlying hypercalciuria in some treated patients.},
}
@article {pmid27959841,
year = {2016},
author = {Spivacow, FR and Del Valle, EE and Lores, E and Rey, PG},
title = {Kidney stones: Composition, frequency and relation to metabolic diagnosis.},
journal = {Medicina},
volume = {76},
number = {6},
pages = {343-348},
pmid = {27959841},
issn = {0025-7680},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Factors ; Argentina/epidemiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray/methods ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*epidemiology/*etiology/*metabolism ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases/*complications/*epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis is one of the most frequent urologic diseases. The aim of this paper is to study the composition and frequency of 8854 patient kidney stones and in a subset of them their metabolic risk factors to be related to their type of calculi. Physicochemical and crystallographic methods were used to assess kidney stone composition. In a subset of 715 patients, we performed an ambulatory metabolic protocol with diagnostic purposes. From the total sample 79% of stones were made of calcium salts (oxalate and phosphate), followed by uric acid stones in 16.5%, calcium salts and uric acid in 2%, other salts in 1.9% and cystine in 0.6%. Male to female ratio was almost three times higher in calcium salts and other types of stones, reaching a marked male predominance in uric acid stones, M/F 18.8 /1.0. The major risk factors for calcium stones are idiopathic hypercalciuria, followed by unduly acidic urine pH and hyperuricosuria. In uric acid stones unduly acidic urine pH and less commonly hyperuricosuria are the most frequent biochemical diagnosis. Our results show that analysis of kidney stones composition and the corresponding metabolic diagnosis may provide a scientific basis for the best management and prevention of kidney stone formation, as well as it may help us to study the mechanisms of urine stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid27942796,
year = {2017},
author = {Guerra, A and Ticinesi, A and Allegri, F and Nouvenne, A and Pinelli, S and Lauretani, F and Maggio, M and Cervellin, G and Borghi, L and Meschi, T},
title = {Calcium urolithiasis course in young stone formers is influenced by the strength of family history: results from a retrospective study.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {45},
number = {6},
pages = {525-533},
pmid = {27942796},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*epidemiology/etiology/urine ; Male ; Medical History Taking/*statistics &amp; numerical data ; Recurrence ; *Renal Elimination ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {The role of the strength of family history of stones (FHS), i.e., degree of relatives with the disease, on the course of calcium urolithiasis (CU) is not fully understood, particularly in young patients where genetic background has the greatest influence on disease expression. Thus, with a retrospective cross-sectional design, we examined baseline clinical parameters and urinary chemistries of 369 subjects (196 M) with CU and 96 controls (41 M) aged between 15 and 25 at the time of the first visit at our stone clinic. Subjects with metabolic syndrome traits, known causes of CU or CU onset before the age of 15 were excluded. Clinical and metabolic parameters were compared among stone formers (SF) and controls, stratified by gender, the presence and type of FHS determined through the kinship coefficient of relatives with stones. No significant differences in clinical course were found between SF with and without FHS, except for the presence of bilateral stones (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.20-3.39, p < 0.01). A significant age-, sex- and disease duration-adjusted trend for a higher number of colics (p for trend = 0.001), number of stones (p for trend = 0.002), stone rate (p for trend = 0.003) and the presence of retained stones (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.14-2.21, p = 0.006) was detected with increasing FHS strength. Urinary chemistries were unaffected by FHS in both SF and controls, except for a higher calcium excretion in females with FHS (p < 0.05). The type of FHS, thus, significantly influences the clinical course of CU in young SF, mainly irrespective of urinary factors.},
}
@article {pmid27941176,
year = {2016},
author = {Bahadoran, H and Naghii, MR and Mofid, M and Asadi, MH and Ahmadi, K and Sarveazad, A},
title = {Protective effects of boron and vitamin E on ethylene glycol-induced renal crystal calcium deposition in rat.},
journal = {Endocrine regulations},
volume = {50},
number = {4},
pages = {194-206},
doi = {10.1515/enr-2016-0021},
pmid = {27941176},
issn = {1210-0668},
mesh = {Animals ; Antioxidants/*pharmacology ; Boron/*pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Ethylene Glycol/*toxicity ; Kidney/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*chemically induced ; Kidney Tubules/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Trace Elements/*pharmacology ; Vitamin E/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Kidney stone disease is a common form of renal disease. Antioxidants, such as vitamin E (Vit E) and boron, are substances that reduce the damage caused by oxidation.<br><br>METHODS: Adult male rats were divided into 5 groups (n=6). In group 1, rats received standard food and water for 28 days (control group); in group 2, standard rodent food and water with 0.75% ethylene glycol/d (dissolved in drinking water) (EG Group); in group 3, similar to group 2, with 3 mg of boron/d (dissolved in water) (EG+B Group); in group 4, similar to group 2, with 200 IU of vitamin E injected intraperitoneally on the first day and the 14th day, (EG+Vit E Group); in group 5, mix of groups 3 and 4, respectively (EG+B+Vit E Group).<br><br>RESULTS: Kidney sections showed that crystals in the EG group increased significantly in comparison with the control group. Crystal calcium deposition score in groups of EG+B (160), EG+Vit E, and EG+B+Vit E showed a significant decrease compared to EG group. Measurement of the renal tubules area and renal tubular epithelial histological score showed the highest significant dilation in the EG group. Tubular dilation in the EG+B+Vit E group decreased compared to the EG+B and EG+Vit E groups.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Efficient effect of boron and Vit E supplements, separately and in combination, has a complimentary effect in protection against the formation of kidney stones, probably by decreasing oxidative stress.},
}
@article {pmid27924845,
year = {2016},
author = {Peerapen, P and Thongboonkerd, V},
title = {Caffeine prevents kidney stone formation by translocation of apical surface annexin A1 crystal-binding protein into cytoplasm: In vitro evidence.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {38536},
pmid = {27924845},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; Annexin A1/*metabolism ; Caffeine/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Cytoplasm/*metabolism ; Dogs ; Intracellular Space/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Protein Transport/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Recent large 3 cohorts have shown that caffeinated beverage consumption was associated with lower risk of kidney stone disease. However, its protective mechanisms remained unknown and had not been previously investigated. We thus evaluated protective effects of caffeine (1 μM-10 mM) on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) kidney stone formation, using crystallization, crystal growth, cell-crystal adhesion, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays. The results showed that caffeine reduced crystal number but, on the other hand, increased crystal size, resulting in unchanged crystal mass, consistent with crystal growth that was not affected by caffeine. However, caffeine significantly decreased crystal-binding capacity of MDCK renal tubular cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting and immunofluorescence study of COM crystal-binding proteins revealed significantly decreased level of annexin A1 on apical surface and its translocation into cytoplasm of the caffeine-treated cells, but no significant changes in other COM crystal-binding proteins (annexin A2, α-enolase, HSP70, and HSP90) were observed. Moreover, caffeine decreased intracellular [Ca[2+]] but increased [Ca[2+]] secretory index. Taken together, our findings showed an in vitro evidence of the protective mechanism of caffeine against kidney stone formation via translocation of annexin A1 from apical surface into cytoplasm to reduce the crystal-binding capacity of renal tubular epithelial cells.},
}
@article {pmid27915449,
year = {2017},
author = {Corre, T and Olinger, E and Harris, SE and Traglia, M and Ulivi, S and Lenarduzzi, S and Belge, H and Youhanna, S and Tokonami, N and Bonny, O and Houillier, P and Polasek, O and Deary, IJ and Starr, JM and Toniolo, D and Gasparini, P and Vollenweider, P and Hayward, C and Bochud, M and Devuyst, O},
title = {Common variants in CLDN14 are associated with differential excretion of magnesium over calcium in urine.},
journal = {Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology},
volume = {469},
number = {1},
pages = {91-103},
pmid = {27915449},
issn = {1432-2013},
support = {BB/F019394/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom ; MC_PC_U127561128/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; MR/K026992/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Claudins/*genetics ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism/*urine ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics ; Urine/*chemistry ; },
abstract = {The nature and importance of genetic factors regulating the differential handling of Ca[2+] and Mg[2+] by the renal tubule in the general population are poorly defined. We conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis of urinary magnesium-to-calcium ratio to identify associated common genetic variants. We included 9320 adults of European descent from four genetic isolates and three urban cohorts. Urinary magnesium and calcium concentrations were measured centrally in spot urine, and each study conducted linear regression analysis of urinary magnesium-to-calcium ratio on ~2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using an additive model. We investigated, in mouse, the renal expression profile of the top candidate gene and its variation upon changes in dietary magnesium. The genome-wide analysis evidenced a top locus (rs172639, p = 1.7 × 10[-12]), encompassing CLDN14, the gene coding for claudin-14, that was genome-wide significant when using urinary magnesium-to-calcium ratio, but not either one taken separately. In mouse, claudin-14 is expressed in the distal nephron segments specifically handling magnesium, and its expression is regulated by chronic changes in dietary magnesium content. A genome-wide approach identified common variants in the CLDN14 gene exerting a robust influence on the differential excretion of Mg[2+] over Ca[2+] in urine. These data highlight the power of urinary electrolyte ratios to unravel genetic determinants of renal tubular function. Coupled with mouse experiments, these results support a major role for claudin-14, a gene associated with kidney stones, in the differential paracellular handling of divalent cations by the renal tubule.},
}
@article {pmid27889417,
year = {2017},
author = {Tasian, GE and Ross, ME and Song, L and Grundmeier, RW and Massey, J and Denburg, MR and Copelovitch, L and Warner, S and Chi, T and Killilea, DW and Stoller, ML and Furth, SL},
title = {Dietary Zinc and Incident Calcium Kidney Stones in Adolescence.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {197},
number = {5},
pages = {1342-1348},
pmid = {27889417},
issn = {1527-3792},
support = {K23 DK093556/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; K23 DK106428/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Diet/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*epidemiology/etiology ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Urinalysis ; Zinc/*administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/urine ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: We determined the association between dietary zinc intake and incident calcium kidney stones in adolescents. We also examined the relationship between dietary zinc intake and urinary zinc excretion between cases and controls.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study within a large pediatric health care system. Three 24-hour dietary recalls and spot urine chemistry analyses were obtained for 30 participants 12 to 18 years old with a first idiopathic calcium based kidney stone and 30 healthy controls matched for age, sex, race and month of enrollment. Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between daily zinc intake and incident calcium kidney stones, adjusting for dietary phytate, protein, calcium, sodium and oxalate. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the association between dietary and urine zinc, adjusting for urine creatinine and dietary phytate and calcium.<br><br>RESULTS: Cases had lower daily zinc intake (8.1 mg) than controls (10 mg, p&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.029). Daily zinc intake of boys and girls with calcium stones was 2 mg and 1.2&#xa0;mg less, respectively, than the daily intake recommended by the Institute of Medicine. Odds of incident stones were reduced by 13% for every 1 mg increase in daily zinc intake (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.75-0.99). There was an estimated 4.5 &#x3bc;g/dl increase in urine zinc for every 1 mg increase in dietary zinc (p = 0.009), with weak evidence of a smaller increase in urine zinc in cases than in controls (interaction p = 0.08).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Decreased dietary zinc intake was independently associated with incident calcium nephrolithiasis in this population of adolescents.},
}
@article {pmid27604776,
year = {2016},
author = {Malihi, Z and Wu, Z and Stewart, AW and Lawes, CM and Scragg, R},
title = {Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and kidney stones in long-term studies of vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {104},
number = {4},
pages = {1039-1051},
doi = {10.3945/ajcn.116.134981},
pmid = {27604776},
issn = {1938-3207},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Dietary Supplements/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*etiology ; Hypercalciuria/*etiology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vitamin D/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects/analogs &amp; derivatives/blood ; Vitamins/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects/blood ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Vitamin D supplementation is increasingly being used in higher doses in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, adverse events from very large annual doses of vitamin D have been shown in 2 RCTs, whereas in a third RCT, low-dose vitamin D, with calcium supplements, was shown to increase kidney stone risk.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the side effects related to calcium metabolism in RCTs, specifically hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and kidney stones, in participants who were given vitamin D supplements for &#x2265;24 wk compared with in subjects in the placebo arm.<br><br>DESIGN: The following 3 main online databases were searched: Ovid Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Software was used for the meta-analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 48 studies with 19,833 participants were identified, which reported &#x2265;1 of the following side effects: hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, or kidney stones. Of these studies, kidney stones were reported in only 9 trials with a tendency for fewer subjects reporting stones in the vitamin D arm than in the placebo arm (RR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.41, 1.09; P = 0.10). In 37 studies, hypercalcemia was shown with increased risk shown for the vitamin D group (RR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.18; P = 0.01). Similar increased risk of hypercalciuria was shown in 14 studies for the vitamin D group (RR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.53; P = 0.03). In subgroup analyses, it was shown that the effect of vitamin D supplementation on risk of hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, or kidney stones was not modified by baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D dose and duration, or calcium co-supplementation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Long-term vitamin D supplementation resulted in increased risks of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, which were not dose related. However, vitamin D supplementation did not increase risk of kidney stones. Additional large RCTs of long-term vitamin D supplementation are required to confirm these findings.},
}
@article {pmid27545632,
year = {2016},
author = {Vitale, C and Bermond, F and Rodofili, A and Soragna, G and Marcuccio, C and Tricerri, A and Marangella, M},
title = {[The effects of Cinacalcet in renal stone formers with primary hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia},
volume = {33},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {27545632},
issn = {1724-5990},
mesh = {Calcimimetic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Cinacalcet/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/*complications ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/*prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) may favor nephrolithiasis mainly through an increase in calcium and phosphate urinary excretion. Cinacalcet exhibits good efficacy to control hypercalcemia in PHPT, but it is not so far known whether it might be a useful tool to prevent stone recurrences. Of 67 patients with PHPT and recurrent nephrolithiasis, 55 underwent parathyroidectomy (PTX) and 12, not eligible to PTX, were prescribed Cinacalcet. All the patients were evaluated for mineral metabolism, including estimation of state of saturation for calcium oxalate (CaOx) and brushite (bsh), both at baseline and after either PTX or Cinacalcet. PTX compared to baseline reduced PTH (4617 vs 15786 pg/mL, p<0.01), calcemia (9.40.5 vs 11.30.9 mg/dL, p<0.01), calciuria (3.62.3 vs 9.24.5 mmol/24h, p<0.01), phosphaturia (18.47.1 vs 21.99.9 mmol/24h, p<0.05), CaOx (4.73.9 vs 9.86.8, p<0.01) and bsh (1.10.9 vs 3.22.2, p<0.01). Cinacalcet decreased both PTH (13379 vs 17187 pg/mL, p<0.05) and calcemia (9.70.6 vs 11.20.8 mg/dL, p<0.001), whereas no change was seen in calciuria (7.42.2 vs 7.42.4 mmol/24h, p=ns), phosphaturia (21.97.3 vs 23.06.5 mmol/24h, p=ns), CaOx (6.92.7 vs 5.42.5, p=ns) and bsh (1.71.1 vs 1.31.3, p=ns). We conclude that in patients with PHPT, PTX is able to decrease the risk for crystallization of calcium salts, whereas calcimimetic Cinacalcet did not. Therefore, in patients with PHPT complicated with nephrolithiasis only PTX can improve urine biochemistries thereby reducing the risk for recurrent calcium stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid27541288,
year = {2017},
author = {Gönüllü, E and Bilge, N&#x15e;Y and Cansu, DU and Bekmez, M and Musmul, A and Akçar, N and Kaşifoğlu, T and Korkmaz, C},
title = {Risk factors for urolithiasis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a prospective case-control study.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {45},
number = {4},
pages = {353-357},
pmid = {27541288},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*blood/metabolism/urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A/*blood ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/blood/*epidemiology/urine ; Magnesium/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/blood ; Prospective Studies ; Renal Elimination ; Risk Factors ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing/blood/*epidemiology/urine ; },
abstract = {It has been reported that renal stone formation increased in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). However, its reason remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate serially the possible risk factors for renal stone formation in AS patients. Two groups consisted of AS patients with renal stone (n = 30), AS patients without renal stone (n = 30), and 20 healthy controls (HC) were included to the study. Parathyroid hormone, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and immunoglobulin A levels and 24 h urine were evaluated at baseline, and three times monthly. Serum calcium levels were higher in AS patients with urolithiasis than those without at baseline and third-month evaluation (baseline: 9.53 ± 0.3 vs 9.32 ± 0.3 mg/dl; p < 0.03; at third-month evaluation: 9.74 ± 0.2 vs 9.56 ± 0.3 mg/dl; p < 0.01). No significant differences were found between groups in terms of PTH and magnesium levels. In all evaluation times, although urinary calcium excretion was higher in AS patients with urolithiasis than in those without, it did not reach a statistical significance. IgA levels were significantly higher in renal stone sufferers than HC patients in all evaluation times.AS patients with urolithiasis also had high IgA levels compared with AS patients without renal stone at the second-month evaluation time (276 ± 102 vs 219 ± 104 mg/dl, p < 0.002). Increased levels of serum calcium and IgA levels as well as family history for urolithiasis may be an indicator of the development of urolithiasis in AS patients.},
}
@article {pmid27507467,
year = {2017},
author = {Israr, B and Frazier, RA and Gordon, MH},
title = {Enzymatic hydrolysis of phytate and effects on soluble oxalate concentration in foods.},
journal = {Food chemistry},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {208-212},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.044},
pmid = {27507467},
issn = {1873-7072},
mesh = {6-Phytase/*pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Fabaceae/*chemistry/drug effects ; Hordeum/*chemistry/drug effects ; Hydrolysis ; Oxalates/*analysis ; Phytic Acid/*metabolism ; Triticum/*chemistry/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Soluble oxalate in foods is major concern for kidney stone formers due to its tendency to increase urinary oxalate concentration. Phytate forms complexes with cations, which increases soluble oxalate by making cations unavailable to precipitate oxalate. Thus, in order to reduce soluble oxalate, bran samples (wheat, oat and barley) and bean samples (red kidney bean and white bean) were treated with phytase. Release of phosphate after phytate degradation and its association with calcium was determined. Phosphate concentration increased after application of phytase in all samples, but effect on soluble oxalate concentration varied. Wheat and oat bran showed significant reduction (P<0.05) in soluble oxalate compared to bean samples. Wheat bran, oat bran and white bean had a lower calcium:phosphate ratio than barley bran and red kidney beans. Correlation of the calcium:phosphate molar ratio with release of phosphate depends on concentration of calcium ions and this influences soluble oxalate concentration.},
}
@article {pmid27284011,
year = {2016},
author = {Vezzoli, G and Macrina, L and Rubinacci, A and Spotti, D and Arcidiacono, T},
title = {Intestinal Calcium Absorption among Hypercalciuric Patients with or without Calcium Kidney Stones.},
journal = {Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN},
volume = {11},
number = {8},
pages = {1450-1455},
pmid = {27284011},
issn = {1555-905X},
mesh = {Adult ; *Bone Density ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Duodenum/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*complications/*metabolism ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Jejunum/physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/*complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Strontium/blood/urine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a frequent defect in calcium kidney stone formers that is associated with high intestinal calcium absorption and osteopenia. Characteristics distinguishing hypercalciuric stone formers from hypercalciuric patients without kidney stone history (HNSFs) are unknown and were explored in our study.<br><br>We compared 172 hypercalciuric stone formers with 36 HNSFs retrospectively selected from patients referred to outpatient clinics of the San Raffaele Hospital in Milan from 1998 to 2003. Calcium metabolism and lumbar bone mineral density were analyzed in these patients. A strontium oral load test was performed: strontium was measured in 240-minute urine and serum 30, 60, and 240 minutes after strontium ingestion; serum strontium concentration-time curve and renal strontium clearance were evaluated to estimate absorption and excretion of divalent cations.<br><br>RESULTS: Serum strontium concentration-time curve (P<0.001) and strontium clearance (4.9&#xb1;1.3 versus 3.5&#xb1;2.7 ml/min; P<0.001) were higher in hypercalciuric stone formers than HNSFs, respectively. The serum strontium-time curve was also higher in hypercalciuric stone formers with low bone mineral density (n=42) than in hypercalciuric stone formers with normal bone mineral density (n=130; P=0.03) and HNSFs with low (n=22; P=0.01) or normal bone mineral density (n=14; P=0.02). Strontium clearance was greater in hypercalciuric stone formers with normal bone mineral density (5.3&#xb1;3.4 ml/min) than in hypercalciuric stone formers and HNSFs with low bone mineral density (3.6&#xb1;2.5 and 3.1&#xb1;2.5 ml/min, respectively; P=0.03). Multivariate regression analyses displayed that strontium absorption at 30 minutes was positively associated calcium excretion (P=0.03) and negatively associated with lumbar bone mineral density z score (P=0.001) in hypercalciuric stone formers; furthermore, hypercalciuric patients in the highest quartile of strontium absorption had increased stone production risk (odds ratio, 5.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 20.9; P=0.03).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: High calcium absorption in duodenum and jejunum may expose hypercalciuric patients to the risk of stones because of increased postprandial calcium concentrations in urine and tubular fluid. High calcium absorption may identify patients at risk of bone loss among stone formers.},
}
@article {pmid27068369,
year = {2016},
author = {Arrabal-Polo, M&#xc1; and del Carmen Cano-García, M and Arrabal-Martín, M},
title = {[The fasting calcium/creatinine ratio in patients with calcium stones and the relation with hypercalciuria and phosphocalcium metabolism].},
journal = {Archivos espanoles de urologia},
volume = {69},
number = {3},
pages = {117-120},
pmid = {27068369},
issn = {0004-0614},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Creatinine/*urine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*etiology ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the importance of fasting calcium/creatinine ratio in patients with calcium stones and its relation with hypercalciuria and phospho-calcium metabolism.<br><br>METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 143 patients divided into two groups according to fasting calcium/creatinine. Group 1: 66 patients (calcium/ creatinine<0.11); Group 2: 77 patients (calcium/ creatinine>0.11). A comparative study is performed between groups including phospho-calcium metabolism parameters and excretion of urinary lithogenic markers. Linear correlation studying calciuria and fasting calcium/ creatinine was performed. SPSS 17.0 statistical analysis software was used, considering p&#x2264;0.05.<br><br>RESULTS: It is noteworthy that group 2 had increased 24 h urine calcium excretion in comparison to group 1 (229.3 vs 158.1; p=0.0001) and calcium/citrate (0.47 vs 0.34; p=0.001). There is a positive and significant correlation between calcium levels in 24 h urine and fasting calcium/creatinine (R=0.455; p=0.0001) and a cutoff is set at 0.127 (sensitivity 72%, specificity 66%) to determine hypercalciuria (>260 mg in 24 h).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Increased fasting calcium/creatinine determines increased 24 hours calcium excretion, although the sensitivity and specificity to determine hypercalciuria is not high.},
}
@article {pmid27009338,
year = {2016},
author = {Moor, MB and Bonny, O},
title = {Ways of calcium reabsorption in the kidney.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Renal physiology},
volume = {310},
number = {11},
pages = {F1337-50},
doi = {10.1152/ajprenal.00273.2015},
pmid = {27009338},
issn = {1522-1466},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Claudins/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological/*physiology ; Homeostasis/*physiology ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/metabolism ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The role of the kidney in calcium homeostasis has been reshaped from a classic view in which the kidney was regulated by systemic calcitropic hormones such as vitamin D3 or parathyroid hormone to an organ actively taking part in the regulation of calcium handling. With the identification of the intrinsic renal calcium-sensing receptor feedback system, the regulation of paracellular calcium transport involving claudins, and new paracrine regulators such as klotho, the kidney has emerged as a crucial modulator not only of calciuria but also of calcium homeostasis. This review summarizes recent molecular and endocrine contributors to renal calcium handling and highlights the tight link between calcium and sodium reabsorption in the kidney.},
}
@article {pmid26969574,
year = {2017},
author = {Ferraro, PM and Curhan, GC and D'Addessi, A and Gambaro, G},
title = {Risk of recurrence of idiopathic calcium kidney stones: analysis of data from the literature.},
journal = {Journal of nephrology},
volume = {30},
number = {2},
pages = {227-233},
pmid = {26969574},
issn = {1724-6059},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/metabolism/*therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Recurrence ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nephrolithiasis is a frequent condition. While it is generally accepted that such condition carries a risk of recurrence over time, the exact risk and its predictors have been rarely quantitated. We aimed to estimate recurrence of kidney stones, overall and in specific subgroups, from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of calcium stone formers.<br><br>METHODS: Systematic review of RCTs of adult patients with idiopathic calcium kidney stones. Recurrence rates analyzed in subgroups based on type of intervention and other characteristics, using Poisson regression models.<br><br>RESULTS: The analysis included 21 RCTs with 2168 participants over a median follow-up of 3.2&#xa0;years (range 0.5-9.7). The median recurrence of kidney stones was 15 per 100 person-years (range 0-110). Recurrence was higher in those with two or more previous stone episodes compared to those with a single episode at enrolment (16 vs. 6 per 100 person-years, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001) and in those untreated or treated with dietary changes compared to those treated with drugs (26 vs. 23 vs. 9 per 100 person-years, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001). The effect of drugs on recurrence seemed to be beneficial only among those with two or more previous stone episodes.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The overall recurrence rate of stones depends on factors such as previous stone history and type of treatment. Dietary approaches seem to be more effective among single stone formers, whereas drugs seem to be more effective among recurrent stone formers.},
}
@article {pmid26932705,
year = {2015},
author = {Pramono, LA and Larasati, D and Yossy, Y and Harbuwono, DS and Soebardi, S},
title = {Recurrent Bilateral Staghorn Stones as a Manifestation of Primary Hyperparathyroidism due to Parathyroid Adenoma.},
journal = {Acta medica Indonesiana},
volume = {47},
number = {4},
pages = {348-351},
pmid = {26932705},
issn = {0125-9326},
mesh = {Adenoma/*complications/diagnosis ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/diagnosis/*etiology ; Hyperplasia ; Parathyroid Glands/diagnostic imaging/metabolism/*pathology ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/*complications/diagnosis ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {Primary hyperparathyroidism is a medical condition caused by overactive of parathyroid gland. It is most commonly caused by solitary adenoma of the parathyroid gland. Other causes of this condition are hyperplasia, multiple adenomas, and parathyroid cancer. Primary hyperparathyroidism has some metabolic consequences in the calcium metabolism. Hypercalcemia in patient with primary hyperparathyroidism will resulted to the most important comorbidity that is chronic deposition of calcium in the kidney forming nephrolithiasis or other urolithiasis. It is not uncommon, patient with parathyroid adenoma come to health care professionals with the chief complain of recurrence nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid26887716,
year = {2016},
author = {Assimos, DG},
title = {Re: Altered Calcium and Vitamin D Homeostasis in First-Time Calcium Kidney Stone-Formers.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {195},
number = {3},
pages = {658-659},
doi = {10.1016/j.juro.2015.12.020},
pmid = {26887716},
issn = {1527-3792},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Ergocalciferols/*metabolism ; Female ; *Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; },
}
@article {pmid26856738,
year = {2016},
author = {Arrabal-Martín, M and González-Torres, S and Cano-García, MC and Poyatos-Andújar, A and Abad-Menor, F and Arrabal-Polo, MA},
title = {Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide and alendronate in patients with stones and bone mineral density loss. Evolution of bone metabolism and calciuria with medical treatment.},
journal = {Archivos espanoles de urologia},
volume = {69},
number = {1},
pages = {9-18},
pmid = {26856738},
issn = {0004-0614},
mesh = {Alendronate/*therapeutic use ; *Bone Density ; *Bone Remodeling ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Creatinine/blood ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Treatment of calcium stones is based on diet and pharmacological measures such as the use of thiazides and other drugs. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of alendronate on hydrochlorothiazide on urinary calcium and bone mineral density in patients with calcium stones.<br><br>METHODS: Prospective observational study involving 77 patients with relapsing calcium stones divided into 2 groups according to treatment received. Group 1: 36 patients treated with alendronate 70 mg/week; Group 2: 41 patients treated with hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/day. All patients receive diet recommendations and fluid intake. Studied and analyzed among other variables were bone mineral density, bone turnover markers and calciuria before and after 2 years of treatment. Statistical study with SPSS 17.0, statistical significance p<0.05.<br><br>RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in the distribution by sex or age of the patients between groups. In group 1 statistically a significant decrease was observed in the &#x392;-crosslaps and improvement in bone mineral density, along with decreased urinary calcium after 2 years of treatment. In Group 2 statistically significant decrease in urinary calcium and fasting calcium/creatinine was seen, along with improvement in bone mineral density after 2 years of treatment. In group 1, there is a more obvious and significant improvement in bone mineral density compared to 2 and &#x392;-crosslaps decrease. However, in group 2 the decrease in urinary calcium and calcium/creatinine was more significant than in group 1.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Treatment with thiazide decrease calciuria and produces an improvement in bone mineral density, although not in the same range as treatment with alendronate.},
}
@article {pmid26657998,
year = {2015},
author = {Samoshkin, A and Convertino, M and Viet, CT and Wieskopf, JS and Kambur, O and Marcovitz, J and Patel, P and Stone, LS and Kalso, E and Mogil, JS and Schmidt, BL and Maixner, W and Dokholyan, NV and Diatchenko, L},
title = {Structural and functional interactions between six-transmembrane μ-opioid receptors and β2-adrenoreceptors modulate opioid signaling.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {18198},
pmid = {26657998},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {T90 DE021986/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States ; P30 NS045892/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; 1T90DE021986/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DE019796/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States ; 1R41DA032293/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; P01 NS045685/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R41 DA032293/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; R01DE019796/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Analgesics, Opioid/*metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Ganglia/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Ligands ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Conformation ; Neurons/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; },
abstract = {The primary molecular target for clinically used opioids is the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). Besides the major seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors, the MOR gene codes for alternatively spliced six-transmembrane (6TM) isoforms, the biological and clinical significance of which remains unclear. Here, we show that the otherwise exclusively intracellular localized 6TM-MOR translocates to the plasma membrane upon coexpression with β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs) through an interaction with the fifth and sixth helices of β2-AR. Coexpression of the two receptors in BE(2)-C neuroblastoma cells potentiates calcium responses to a 6TM-MOR ligand, and this calcium response is completely blocked by a selective β2-antagonist in BE(2)-C cells, and in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia. Co-administration of 6TM-MOR and β2-AR ligands leads to substantial analgesic synergy and completely reverses opioid-induced hyperalgesia in rodent behavioral models. Together, our results provide evidence that the heterodimerization of 6TM-MOR with β2-AR underlies a molecular mechanism for 6TM cellular signaling, presenting a unique functional responses to opioids. This signaling pathway may contribute to the hyperalgesic effects of opioids that can be efficiently blocked by β2-AR antagonists, providing a new avenue for opioid therapy.},
}
@article {pmid26559654,
year = {2016},
author = {Weigele, J and Franz-Odendaal, TA and Hilbig, R},
title = {Not All Inner Ears are the Same: Otolith Matrix Proteins in the Inner Ear of Sub-Adult Cichlid Fish, Oreochromis Mossambicus, Reveal Insights Into the Biomineralization Process.},
journal = {Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)},
volume = {299},
number = {2},
pages = {234-245},
doi = {10.1002/ar.23289},
pmid = {26559654},
issn = {1932-8494},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Cichlids/growth &amp; development/*metabolism ; Ear, Inner/growth &amp; development/*metabolism ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins/*metabolism ; Fish Proteins/*metabolism ; Larva/growth &amp; development/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods ; Otolithic Membrane/growth &amp; development/*metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; },
abstract = {The fish ear stones (otoliths) consist mainly of calcium carbonate and have lower amounts of a proteinous matrix. This matrix consists of macromolecules, which directly control the biomineralization process. We analyzed the composition of this proteinous matrix by mass spectrometry in a shotgun approach. For this purpose, an enhanced protein purification technique was developed that excludes any potential contamination of proteins from body fluids. Using this method we identified eight proteins in the inner ear of Oreochromis mossambicus. These include the common otolith matrix proteins (OMP-1, otolin-1, neuroserpin, SPARC and otoconin), and three proteins (alpha tectorin, otogelin and transferrin) not previously localized to the otoliths. Moreover, we were able to exclude the occurrence of two matrix proteins (starmaker and pre-cerebellin-like protein) known from other fish species. In further analyses, we show that the absence of the OMP starmaker corresponds to calcitic otoliths and that pre-cerebellin-like protein is not present at any stage during the development of the otoliths of the inner ear. This study shows O. mossambicus does not have all of the known otolith proteins indicating that the matrix proteins in the inner ear of fish are not the same across species. Further functional studies of the novel proteins we identified during otolith development are required.},
}
@article {pmid26552354,
year = {2015},
author = {Arrabal-Polo, MA and Cano-Garcia, Mdel C and Arrabal-Martin, M},
title = {Lithogenic activity as a factor to consider in the metabolic evaluation of patients with calcium lithiasis.},
journal = {Iranian journal of kidney diseases},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {469-471},
pmid = {26552354},
issn = {1735-8604},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chlorides/blood ; Citrates/urine ; Creatinine/blood/urine ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/complications/urine ; Hyperoxaluria/complications/urine ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Severity of Illness Index ; Uric Acid/blood/urine ; },
abstract = {Metabolic evaluation is important in high-risk patients with a history of urinary calculi, in order to prevent recurrence. This study aimed to compare patients with calcium calculi and mild lithogenic activity with those with moderate to severe lithogenic activity. Patients with moderate to severe activity had higher levels of urinary calcium level (271.9 mg/24h versus 172.1 mg/24 h, P < .001), uric acid (612.3 mg/24 h versus 528.9 mg/24h, P = .008), and fasting calcium-creatinine ratio (0.16 versus 0.12, P = .001) compared to those with mild lithogenic activity. No association was observed between lithogenic factors in 24-hour urine and mild lithogenic activity in multivariable analysis. We initially thought that in patients who develop recurrent calculi after 5 years or who have mild lithogenic activity, complete metabolic evaluation would not be necessary. However, based on our study findings, it may be important to conduct further studies assessing the lithogenic activity.},
}
@article {pmid26546857,
year = {2015},
author = {Dean, MN and Ekstrom, L and Monsonego-Ornan, E and Ballantyne, J and Witten, PE and Riley, C and Habraken, W and Omelon, S},
title = {Mineral homeostasis and regulation of mineralization processes in the skeletons of sharks, rays and relatives (Elasmobranchii).},
journal = {Seminars in cell &amp; developmental biology},
volume = {46},
number = {},
pages = {51-67},
doi = {10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.022},
pmid = {26546857},
issn = {1096-3634},
mesh = {Animals ; Bicarbonates/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cartilage/*metabolism ; Elasmobranchii/classification/*metabolism ; *Homeostasis ; Minerals/*metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Sharks/*metabolism ; Skates, Fish/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Sharks, rays and other elasmobranch fishes are characterized by a skeletal type that is unique among living vertebrates, comprised predominantly of an unmineralized cartilage, covered by a thin outer layer of sub-millimeter, mineralized tiles called tesserae. The mineralized portion of the skeleton appears to grow only by apposition, adding material at the edges of each tessera; maintenance of non-mineralized joints between tesserae is therefore vital, with precise control of mineral deposition and inhibition at the many thousands of growth fronts in the skeleton. Yet, we have only scattered evidence as to how the elasmobranchs mineralize and grow their skeletons. In this review, we take an "environment to skeleton" approach, drawing together research from a vast range of perspectives to track calcium and phosphate from the typical elasmobranch habitats into and through the body, to their deposition at tesseral growth fronts. In the process, we discuss the available evidence for skeletal resorption capability, mineral homeostasis hormones, and nucleation inhibition mechanisms. We also outline relevant theories in crystal nucleation and typical errors in measurements of serum calcium and phosphate in the study of vertebrate biology. We assemble research that suggests consensus in some concepts in elasmobranch skeletal development, but also highlight the very large gaps in our knowledge, particularly in regards to endocrine functional networks and biomineralization mechanisms. In this way, we lay out frameworks for future directions in the study of elasmobranch skeletal biology with stronger and more comparative links to research in other disciplines and into other taxa.},
}
@article {pmid26332888,
year = {2015},
author = {Ketha, H and Singh, RJ and Grebe, SK and Bergstralh, EJ and Rule, AD and Lieske, JC and Kumar, R},
title = {Altered Calcium and Vitamin D Homeostasis in First-Time Calcium Kidney Stone-Formers.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {e0137350},
pmid = {26332888},
issn = {1932-6203},
support = {R21 AR058003/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; R21-AR060869/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; T32 DK007013/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AR060869/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; U54DK083908/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P50 DK083007/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U54 DK100227/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R21-AR058003/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; U54 DK083908/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cohort Studies ; Ergocalciferols/*metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 ; *Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Elevated serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) concentrations have been reported among cohorts of recurrent calcium (Ca) kidney stone-formers and implicated in the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria. Variations in Ca and vitamin D metabolism, and excretion of urinary solutes among first-time male and female Ca stone-formers in the community, however, have not been defined.<br><br>METHODS: In a 4-year community-based study we measured serum Ca, phosphorus (P), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 1,25(OH)2D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) concentrations in first-time Ca stone-formers and age- and gender frequency-matched controls.<br><br>RESULTS: Serum Ca and 1,25(OH)2D were increased in Ca stone-formers compared to controls (P = 0.01 and P = 0.001). Stone-formers had a lower serum 24,25(OH)2D/25(OH)D ratio compared to controls (P = 0.008). Serum PTH and FGF-23 concentrations were similar in the groups. Urine Ca excretion was similar in the two groups (P = 0.82). In controls, positive associations between serum 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D, FGF-23 and fractional phosphate excretion, and negative associations between serum Ca and PTH, and FGF-23 and 1,25(OH)2D were observed. In SF associations between FGF-23 and fractional phosphate excretion, and FGF-23 and 1,25(OH)2D, were not observed. 1,25(OH)2D concentrations associated more weakly with FGF-23 in SF compared with C (P <0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative differences in serum Ca and 1,25(OH)2D and reductions in 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D metabolites are present in first-time SF and might contribute to first-time stone risk.},
}
@article {pmid26277654,
year = {2016},
author = {Medley, P and Bollhöfer, A},
title = {Influence of group II metals on Radium-226 concentration ratios in the native green plum (Buchanania obovata) from the Alligator Rivers Region, Northern Territory, Australia.},
journal = {Journal of environmental radioactivity},
volume = {151 Pt 3},
number = {},
pages = {551-557},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.07.013},
pmid = {26277654},
issn = {1879-1700},
mesh = {Anacardiaceae/*metabolism ; Barium/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Metals, Alkaline Earth/*metabolism ; Northern Territory ; Radium/*metabolism ; Soil Pollutants, Radioactive/*metabolism ; Strontium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In this study, uptake of Ra from soil, and the influence of group II metals on Ra uptake, into the stones and edible flesh of the fruit of the wild green plum, Buchanania obovata, was investigated. Selective extraction of the exchangeable fraction of the soil samples was undertaken but was not shown to more reliably predict Ra uptake than total soil Ra activity concentration. Comparison of the group II metal to Ca ratios (i.e. Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, Ra/Ca) in the flesh with exchangeable Ca shows that Ca outcompetes group II metals for root uptake and that the uptake pathway discriminated against group II metals relative to ionic radius, with uptake of Ca > Sr > Ba >> Ra. Flesh and stone analysis showed that movement of group II metals to these components of the plant, after root uptake, was strongly related. This supports the hypothesis that Sr, Ba and Ra are being taken up as analogue elements, and follow the same uptake and translocation pathways, with Ca. Comparison with previously reported data from a native passion fruit supports the use of total soil CRs on natural, undisturbed sites. As exchangeable CRs for Ra reach a saturation value it may be possible to make more precise predictions using selective extraction techniques for contaminated or disturbed sites.},
}
@article {pmid26193266,
year = {2015},
author = {He, D and Lu, Y and Hu, H and Zhang, J and Qin, B and Wang, Y and Xing, S and Xi, Q and Wang, S},
title = {The Wnt11 Signaling Pathway in Potential Cellular EMT and Osteochondral Differentiation Progression in Nephrolithiasis Formation.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {16313-16329},
pmid = {26193266},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/metabolism ; *Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes/drug effects/*pathology ; Chondrogenesis/drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disease Progression ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; *Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Intracellular Space/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/pathology ; Nephrolithiasis/blood/*metabolism/*pathology ; Nifedipine/pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; Rats ; *Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/blood/urine ; Wnt Proteins/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The molecular events leading to nephrolithiasis are extremely complex. Previous studies demonstrated that calcium and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) may participate in the pathogenesis of stone formation, but the explicit mechanism has not been defined. Using a self-created genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rat model, we observed that the increased level of serous/uric TGF-β1 and elevated intracellular calcium in primary renal tubular epithelial cells (PRECs) was associated with nephrolithiasis progression in vivo. In the setting of high calcium plus high TGF-β1 in vitro, PRECs showed great potential epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression and osteochondral differentiation properties, representing the multifarious increased mesenchymal and osteochondral phenotypes (Zeb1, Snail1, Col2A1, OPN, Sox9, Runx2) and decreased epithelial phenotypes (E-cadherin, CK19) bythe detection of mRNAs and corresponding proteins. Moreover, TGF-β-dependent Wnt11 knockdown and L-type Ca2+ channel blocker could greatly reverse EMT progression and osteochondral differentiation in PRECs. TGF-β1 alone could effectively promote EMT, but it had no effect on osteochondral differentiation in NRK cells (Rat kidney epithelial cell line). Stimulation with Ca2+ alone did not accelerate differentiation of NRK. Co-incubation of extracellular Ca2+ and TGF-β1 synergistically promotes EMT and osteochondral differentiation in NRK control cells. Our data supplied a novel view that the pathogenesis of calcium stone development may be associated with synergic effects of TGF-β1 and Ca2+, which promote EMT and osteochondral differentiation via Wnt11 and the L-type calcium channel.},
}
@article {pmid26150027,
year = {2015},
author = {Prezioso, D and Strazzullo, P and Lotti, T and Bianchi, G and Borghi, L and Caione, P and Carini, M and Caudarella, R and Ferraro, M and Gambaro, G and Gelosa, M and Guttilla, A and Illiano, E and Martino, M and Meschi, T and Messa, P and Miano, R and Napodano, G and Nouvenne, A and Rendina, D and Rocco, F and Rosa, M and Sanseverino, R and Salerno, A and Spatafora, S and Tasca, A and Ticinesi, A and Travaglini, F and Trinchieri, A and Vespasiani, G and Zattoni, F and , },
title = {Dietary treatment of urinary risk factors for renal stone formation. A review of CLU Working Group.},
journal = {Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica},
volume = {87},
number = {2},
pages = {105-120},
doi = {10.4081/aiua.2015.2.105},
pmid = {26150027},
issn = {1124-3562},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage ; Child ; Citric Acid/metabolism ; Dietary Proteins/*administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Supplements ; Drinking Water/*administration &amp; dosage ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*diet therapy/etiology/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control/urine ; Nephrology ; Patient Education as Topic ; Risk Factors ; Societies, Medical ; Sodium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Diet interventions may reduce the risk of urinary stone formation and its recurrence, but there is no conclusive consensus in the literature regarding the effectiveness of dietary interventions and recommendations about specific diets for patients with urinary calculi. The aim of this study was to review the studies reporting the effects of different dietary interventions for the modification of urinary risk factors in patients with urinary stone disease.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic search of the Pubmed database literature up to July 1, 2014 for studies on dietary treatment of urinary risk factors for urinary stone formation was conducted according to a methodology developed a priori. Studies were screened by titles and abstracts for eligibility. Data were extracted using a standardized form and the quality of evidence was assessed.<br><br>RESULTS: Evidence from the selected studies were used to form evidence-based guideline statements. In the absence of sufficient evidence, additional statements were developed as expert opinions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: General measures: Each patient with nephrolithiasis should undertake appropriate evaluation according to the knowledge of the calculus composition. Regardless of the underlying cause of the stone disease, a mainstay of conservative management is the forced increase in fluid intake to achieve a daily urine output of 2 liters. HYPERCALCIURIA: Dietary calcium restriction is not recommended for stone formers with nephrolithiasis. Diets with a calcium content &#x2265; 1 g/day (and low protein-low sodium) could be protective against the risk of stone formation in hypercalciuric stone forming adults. Moderate dietary salt restriction is useful in limiting urinary calcium excretion and thus may be helpful for primary and secondary prevention of nephrolithiasis. A low-normal protein intake decrease calciuria and could be useful in stone prevention and preservation of bone mass. Omega-3 fatty acids and bran of different origin decreases calciuria, but their impact on the urinary stone risk profile is uncertain. Sports beverage do not affect the urinary stone risk profile. HYPEROXALURIA: A diet low in oxalate and/or a calcium intake normal to high (800-1200 mg/day for adults) reduce the urinary excretion of oxalate, conversely a diet rich in oxalates and/or a diet low in calcium increase urinary oxalate. A restriction in protein intake may reduce the urinary excretion of oxalate although a vegetarian diet may lead to an increase in urinary oxalate. Adding bran to a diet low in oxalate cancels its effect of reducing urinary oxalate. Conversely, the addition of supplements of fruit and vegetables to a mixed diet does not involve an increased excretion of oxalate in the urine. The intake of pyridoxine reduces the excretion of oxalate. HYPERURICOSURIA: In patients with renal calcium stones the decrease of the urinary excretion of uric acid after restriction of dietary protein and purine is suggested although not clearly demonstrated. HYPOCITRATURIA: The administration of alkaline-citrates salts is recommended for the medical treatment of renal stone-formers with hypocitraturia, although compliance to this treatment is limited by gastrointestinal side effects and costs. Increased intake of fruit and vegetables (excluding those with high oxalate content) increases citrate excretion and involves a significant protection against the risk of stone formation. Citrus (lemons, oranges, grapefruit, and lime) and non citrus fruits (melon) are natural sources of dietary citrate, and several studies have shown the potential of these fruits and/or their juices in raising urine citrate levels.<br><br>CHILDREN: There are enought basis to advice an adequate fluid intake also in children. Moderate dietary salt restriction and implementation of potassium intake are useful in limiting urinary calcium excretion whereas dietary calcium restriction is not recommended for children with nephrolithiasis. It seems reasonable to advice a balanced consumption of fruit and vegetables and a low consumption of chocolate and cola according to general nutritional guidelines, although no studies have assessed in pediatric stone formers the effect of fruit and vegetables supplementation on urinary citrate and the effects of chocolate and cola restriction on urinary oxalate in pediatric stone formers. Despite the low level of scientific evidence, a low-protein (< 20 g/day) low-salt (< 2 g/day) diet with high hydration (> 3 liters/day) is strongly advised in children with cystinuria. ELDERLY: In older patients dietary counseling for renal stone prevention has to consider some particular aspects of aging. A restriction of sodium intake in association with a higher intake of potassium, magnesium and citrate is advisable in order to reduce urinary risk factors for stone formation but also to prevent the loss of bone mass and the incidence of hypertension, although more hemodynamic sensitivity to sodium intake and decreased renal function of the elderly have to be considered. A diet rich in calcium (1200 mg/day) is useful to maintain skeletal wellness and to prevent kidney stones although an higher supplementation could involve an increase of risk for both the formation of kidney stones and cardiovascular diseases. A lower content of animal protein in association to an higher intake of plant products decrease the acid load and the excretion of uric acid has no particular contraindications in the elderly patients, although overall nutritional status has to be preserved.},
}
@article {pmid26116865,
year = {2015},
author = {Fowler, ED and Benoist, D and Drinkhill, MJ and Stones, R and Helmes, M and Wüst, RC and Stienen, GJ and Steele, DS and White, E},
title = {Decreased creatine kinase is linked to diastolic dysfunction in rats with right heart failure induced by pulmonary artery hypertension.},
journal = {Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology},
volume = {86},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
pmid = {26116865},
issn = {1095-8584},
support = {PG/13/3/29924/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; RG/11/10/28924/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Creatine Kinase/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Diastole ; Heart Failure/*enzymology/pathology ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/*enzymology/pathology ; Myocardium/enzymology/pathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology/pathology ; Pulmonary Artery/enzymology/pathology ; Rats ; Sarcomeres/enzymology/pathology ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/*enzymology/pathology ; },
abstract = {Our objective was to investigate the role of creatine kinase in the contractile dysfunction of right ventricular failure caused by pulmonary artery hypertension. Pulmonary artery hypertension and right ventricular failure were induced in rats by monocrotaline and compared to saline-injected control animals. In vivo right ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relationships were measured in anesthetized animals; diastolic force-length relationships in single enzymatically dissociated myocytes and myocardial creatine kinase levels by Western blot. We observed diastolic dysfunction in right ventricular failure indicated by significantly steeper diastolic pressure-volume relationships in vivo and diastolic force-length relationships in single myocytes. There was a significant reduction in creatine kinase protein expression in failing right ventricle. Dysfunction also manifested as a shorter diastolic sarcomere length in failing myocytes. This was associated with a Ca(2+)-independent mechanism that was sensitive to cross-bridge cycling inhibition. In saponin-skinned failing myocytes, addition of exogenous creatine kinase significantly lengthened sarcomeres, while in intact healthy myocytes, inhibition of creatine kinase significantly shortened sarcomeres. Creatine kinase inhibition also changed the relatively flat contraction amplitude-stimulation frequency relationship of healthy myocytes into a steeply negative, failing phenotype. Decreased creatine kinase expression leads to diastolic dysfunction. We propose that this is via local reduction in ATP:ADP ratio and thus to Ca(2+)-independent force production and diastolic sarcomere shortening. Creatine kinase inhibition also mimics a definitive characteristic of heart failure, the inability to respond to increased demand. Novel therapies for pulmonary artery hypertension are needed. Our data suggest that cardiac energetics would be a potential ventricular therapeutic target.},
}
@article {pmid26099826,
year = {2015},
author = {Tolentino, TA and Bertoli, AC and dos Santos Pires, M and Carvalho, R and Labory, CR and Nunes, JS and Bastos, AR and de Freitas, MP},
title = {Applications in environmental bioinorganic: Nutritional and ultrastructural evaluation and calculus of thermodynamic and structural properties of metal-oxalate complexes.},
journal = {Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy},
volume = {150},
number = {},
pages = {750-757},
doi = {10.1016/j.saa.2015.06.016},
pmid = {26099826},
issn = {1873-3557},
mesh = {Brachiaria/*metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Coordination Complexes/*metabolism ; Lead/*metabolism/toxicity ; Models, Molecular ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Plant Leaves/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Plant Roots/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Thermodynamics ; },
abstract = {Lead (Pb) is known by its toxicity both for animals and plants. In order to evaluate its toxicity, plants of Brachiaria brizantha were cultivated on nutritive solution of Hoagland during 90 days and submitted to different concentrations of Pb. The content of macro and micronutrients was evaluated and there was a reduction on root content of Ca, besides the lowest dosages of Pb had induced an increase of N, S, Mn, Cu, Zn and Fe. The cell ultrastructure of leaves and roots were analyzed by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). Among the main alterations occurred there were invaginations on cell walls, the presence of crystals on the root cells, accumulation of material on the interior of cells and vacuolar compartmentalization. On the leaves the degradation of chloroplasts was observed, as well as the increase of vacuoles. Structures for the formation of oxalate crystals were proposed through molecular modeling and thermodynamic stability. Calculi suggest the formation of highly stable metal-oxalate complexes.},
}
@article {pmid26097993,
year = {2015},
author = {Shah, AD and Hsiao, EC and O'Donnell, B and Salmeen, K and Nussbaum, R and Krebs, M and Baumgartner-Parzer, S and Kaufmann, M and Jones, G and Bikle, DD and Wang, Y and Mathew, AS and Shoback, D and Block-Kurbisch, I},
title = {Maternal Hypercalcemia Due to Failure of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin-D3 Catabolism in a Patient With CYP24A1 Mutations.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {100},
number = {8},
pages = {2832-2836},
pmid = {26097993},
issn = {1945-7197},
support = {R01AR055588/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AR050023/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; T32 DK007418/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01AR055924/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; U41 HG006834/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; IP1 BX001599/BX/BLRD VA/United States ; U41 HG006834-01A1/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/United States ; U19 HD077627/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; I01 BX001066/BX/BLRD VA/United States ; R01 AR055588/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AR055924/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; 1U19HD077627-01/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK054793/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; I01 BX003814/BX/BLRD VA/United States ; 5T32DK007418-34/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*genetics/metabolism ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; *Mutation ; Nephrolithiasis/genetics/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/*genetics/metabolism ; Vitamin D/*analogs &amp; derivatives/metabolism ; Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase/*genetics ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: Calcium metabolism changes in pregnancy and lactation to meet fetal needs, with increases in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] during pregnancy playing an important role. However, these changes rarely cause maternal hypercalcemia. When maternal hypercalcemia occurs, further investigation is essential, and disorders of 1,25-(OH)2D catabolism should be carefully considered in the differential diagnosis.<br><br>CASE: A patient with a childhood history of recurrent renal stone disease and hypercalciuria presented with recurrent hypercalcemia and elevated 1,25-(OH)2D levels during pregnancy. Laboratory tests in the fourth pregnancy showed suppressed PTH, elevated 1,25-(OH)2D, and high-normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, suggesting disordered vitamin D metabolism. Analysis revealed low 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and high 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels, suggesting loss of function of CYP24A1 (25-hydroxyvitamin-D3-24-hydroxylase). Gene sequencing confirmed that she was a compound heterozygote with the E143del and R396W mutations in CYP24A1.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This case broadens presentations of CYP24A1 mutations and hypercalcemia in pregnancy. Furthermore, it illustrates that patients with CYP24A1 mutations can maintain normal calcium levels during the steady state but can develop hypercalcemia when challenged, such as in pregnancy when 1,25-(OH)2D levels are physiologically elevated.},
}
@article {pmid26089600,
year = {2015},
author = {Khaleel, A and Wu, MS and Wong, HS and Hsu, YW and Chou, YH and Chen, HY},
title = {A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (rs4236480) in TRPV5 Calcium Channel Gene Is Associated with Stone Multiplicity in Calcium Nephrolithiasis Patients.},
journal = {Mediators of inflammation},
volume = {2015},
number = {},
pages = {375427},
pmid = {26089600},
issn = {1466-1861},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithiasis/*genetics/pathology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics ; TRPV Cation Channels/*genetics ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis is characterized by calcification of stones in the kidneys from an unknown cause. Animal models demonstrated the functional roles of the transient receptor potential vanilloid member 5 (TRPV5) gene in calcium renal reabsorption and hypercalciuria. Therefore, TRPV5 was suggested to be involved in calcium homeostasis. However, whether genetic polymorphisms of TRPV5 are associated with kidney stone multiplicity or recurrence is unclear. In this study, 365 Taiwanese kidney-stone patients were recruited. Both biochemical data and DNA samples were collected. Genotyping was performed by a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. We found that a TRPV5 polymorphism (rs4236480) was observed to be associated with stone multiplicity of calcium nephrolithiasis, as the risk of stone multiplicity was higher in patients with the TT+CT genotype than in patients with the CC genotype (p = 0.0271). In summary, despite the complexity of nephrolithiasis and the potential association of numerous calcium homeostatic absorption/reabsorption factors, TRPV5 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of calcium nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid26085877,
year = {2015},
author = {Rull, MA and Cano-García, Mdel C and Arrabal-Martín, M and Arrabal-Polo, MA},
title = {The importance of urinary calcium in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fracture.},
journal = {Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada},
volume = {9},
number = {3-4},
pages = {E183-6},
pmid = {26085877},
issn = {1911-6470},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Calcium stones are associated with osteoporosis and manifested mainly by elevated fasting urinary calcium/creatinine ratio. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the presence of abnormal metabolism of calcium and calciuria in women with osteoporotic fracture with no previously known renal lithiasis compared to women without osteoporosis and without renal lithiasis.<br><br>METHODS: In total, 87 women were included in the study. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 with 55 postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fracture and without renal lithiasis; and Group 2 with 32 postmenopausal women without osteoporosis and without history of renal lithiasis. The following parameters of phospho-calcium metabolism were analyzed: calciuria 24-hour, oxaluria 24-hour, uricosuria 24-hour, and citraturia 24-hour. The presence of hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, and hypocitraturia was compared between groups. Statistical significance was set at p &#x2264; 0.05.<br><br>RESULTS: The mean age was 70.1 &#xb1; 13.8 in Group 1 and 56.7 &#xb1; 6.4 in Group 2 (p = 0.0001). Women in Group 1 had higher levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05) and fasting urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients with hypercalciuria in Group 1 (40%) was higher compared to Group 2 (18.8%) and statistically significant (p = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences in the percentage of hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, and hypocitraturia between groups. This study has its limitations including its cross-sectional nature at a unique centre and its low number of patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The determination of urinary calcium and fasting calcium/creatinine ratio in postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fracture without renal lithiasis may facilitate individualization of medical therapy and decreasing lithogenic risk.},
}
@article {pmid26033763,
year = {2015},
author = {Ubetagoyena Arrieta, M and Corera Casty, MN and Martínez Saenz de Jubera, J and González Hospitaler, MT and Areses Trapote, R and Pérez-Yarza, EG},
title = {[Risk assessment in children with lithogenic kidney stones].},
journal = {Archivos espanoles de urologia},
volume = {68},
number = {4},
pages = {429-434},
pmid = {26033763},
issn = {0004-0614},
mesh = {Child ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*epidemiology ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the lithogenic risk profile of pediatric patients with lithiasis.<br><br>METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the metabolic studies in 24-hour urine samples in 47 pediatric patients with lithiasis. Biochemical determinations were made in blood and 24-hour urine. Oxalate calcium, brushite, struvite and uric acid salt saturations were calculated. 49 healthy children were used as a control group.<br><br>RESULTS: No significant differences were found in biochemical blood parameters between children with stones and the group without stones. Calciuria, uricosuria and phosphaturia, oxalate calcium, brushite and uric acid saturations were higher in lithiasic children. In the multivariate analysis, using a logistic regression model, we only found hypercalciuria as lithogenic risk factor. (OR = 1.96 p <0.002).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Urinary metabolic abnormalities and elevated salt saturations in urine are a frequent finding in children with urolithiasis, but in our study we only found hypercalciuria as an independent risk factor for the formation of lithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid25962642,
year = {2015},
author = {Johnston, H and Brown, DM and Kanase, N and Euston, M and Gaiser, BK and Robb, CT and Dyrynda, E and Rossi, AG and Brown, ER and Stone, V},
title = {Mechanism of neutrophil activation and toxicity elicited by engineered nanomaterials.},
journal = {Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {1172-1184},
doi = {10.1016/j.tiv.2015.04.021},
pmid = {25962642},
issn = {1879-3177},
support = {G0601481/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; MR/K013386/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Cytokines/metabolism ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Nanostructures/*toxicity ; Nanotubes, Carbon/toxicity ; Neutrophil Activation/*drug effects ; Silver/toxicity ; Soot/toxicity ; Superoxides/metabolism ; Titanium/toxicity ; Zinc Oxide/toxicity ; },
abstract = {The effects of nanomaterials (NMs) on biological systems, especially their ability to stimulate inflammatory responses requires urgent investigation. We evaluated the response of the human differentiated HL60 neutrophil-like cell line to NMs. It was hypothesised that NM physico-chemical characteristics would influence cell responsiveness by altering intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i and reactive oxygen species production. Cells were exposed (1.95-125 μg/ml, 24 h) to silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or ultrafine carbon black (ufCB) and cytotoxicity assessed (alamar blue assay). Relatively low (TiO2, MWCNTs, ufCB) or high (Ag, ZnO) cytotoxicity NMs were identified. Sub-lethal impacts of NMs on cell function were investigated for selected NMs only, namely TiO2, Ag and ufCB. Only Ag stimulated cell activation. Within minutes, Ag stimulated an increase in [Ca2+]i (in Fura-2 loaded cells), and a prominent inward ion current (assessed by electrophysiology). Within 2-4 h, Ag increased superoxide anion release and stimulated cytokine production (MCP-1, IL-8) that was diminished by Ca2+ inhibitors or trolox. Light microscopy demonstrated that cells had an activated phenotype. In conclusion NM toxicity was ranked; Ag>ufCB>TiO2, and the battery of tests used provided insight into the mechanism of action of NM toxicity to guide future testing strategies.},
}
@article {pmid25955223,
year = {2015},
author = {Palmieri, S and Eller-Vainicher, C and Cairoli, E and Morelli, V and Zhukouskaya, VV and Verga, U and Filopanti, M and Vicentini, L and Ferrero, S and Spada, A and Chiodini, I},
title = {Hypercalciuria May Persist After Successful Parathyroid Surgery and It Is Associated With Parathyroid Hyperplasia.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {100},
number = {7},
pages = {2734-2742},
doi = {10.1210/jc.2014-4548},
pmid = {25955223},
issn = {1945-7197},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*epidemiology ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/*epidemiology/*surgery ; Hyperplasia/epidemiology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/*pathology/surgery ; Parathyroidectomy/*statistics &amp; numerical data ; Postoperative Period ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: Hypercalciuria is frequently found in primary hyperparathyroidism (1HPT) and, although it generally normalizes after successful parathyroidectomy, may persist in some patients. The factors associated with persistent calcium renal leak (cRL) have not been clarified.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of cRL in our 1HPT population and investigate cRL-related factors.<br><br>DESIGN: This was a retrospective longitudinal study.<br><br>SETTING: The study was conducted in an outpatient setting.<br><br>PATIENTS/INTERVENTION: The participants were 95 patients with 1HPT successfully operated on who had a normal estimated glomerular filtration rate.<br><br>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The biochemical parameters of calcium metabolism and bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-X-ray absorptiometry before and 24 months after surgery were assessed. All histological findings were recorded.<br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence of hypercalciuria before and after surgery was 74% and 32%, respectively. Before, surgery patients with cRL showed lower calcium and higher phosphate levels than those without cRL (10.9 &#xb1; 0.6 vs 11.4 &#xb1; 0.8 mg/dL [2.7 &#xb1; 0.2 vs 2.8 &#xb1; 0.2 mmol/L], P = .01 and 2.6 &#xb1; 0.5 vs 2.4 &#xb1; 0.4 mg/dL [0.84 &#xb1; 0.2 vs 0.77 &#xb1; 0.1 mmol/L], P = .04, respectively), whereas 24-h calciuria levels and the prevalence of 1HPT complications (osteoporosis, renal stones, and hypertension) were comparable. After surgery, serum calcium, phosphate, and PTH levels were comparable between patients with and without cRL. The prevalence of the histological finding of parathyroid hyperplasia was higher in patients with cRL (50%) than in patients without cRL (22%) (P = .01). The presence of cRL was independently associated with presurgery hypercalciuria (odds ratio, 4.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-18.8; P = .03) and parathyroid hyperplasia (odds ratio, 3.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-9.43; P = .01). Only patients without cRL had improved BMD at the spine (P = .04), total femur (P = .01), and femoral neck (P = .01).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: cRL is present in 30% of patients with 1HPT after successful surgery, and it is associated with parathyroid hyperplasia before surgery and the lack of improvement in BMD after surgery.},
}
@article {pmid25944923,
year = {2015},
author = {Giardini, JL and Yan, ND and Heyland, A},
title = {Consequences of calcium decline on the embryogenesis and life history of Daphnia magna.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {218},
number = {Pt 13},
pages = {2005-2014},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.123513},
pmid = {25944923},
issn = {1477-9145},
mesh = {Animals ; Body Size ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Daphnia/*embryology/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Female ; Fresh Water/chemistry ; Life Cycle Stages ; Molting ; Reproduction/physiology ; },
abstract = {Ambient calcium is declining in thousands of soft-water lake habitats in temperate regions as a consequence of unsustainable forestry practices, decreased atmospheric calcium deposition and acidic deposition. As their exoskeleton is heavily reinforced with calcium, freshwater crustaceans have a high specific calcium requirement relative to other aquatic organisms. Daphnia, in particular, is an ideal crustacean for investigating the consequences of calcium decline because it is an abundant and important member of freshwater zooplankton communities. Although it has been established that adult and juvenile Daphnia have different tolerances to low ambient calcium as a result of their different life stage-specific calcium requirements, the consequences of declining calcium on embryonic development have never been investigated. Here, we describe the distribution of calcium in embryonic stages of D. magna and introduce a novel and easy to use staging scheme. We tested whether calcium can be traced from mothers to their offspring. Finally, we assessed the fitness consequences of maternal provisioning in limiting calcium environments. We found that while embryos require calcium for their development and moulting, they do not equilibrate with environmental calcium levels. Instead, we were able to trace calcium from mothers to their offspring. Furthermore, our data strongly suggest that females are faced with an allocation trade-off between providing calcium to their offspring and using it for growth and moulting. Together, these data provide novel insights into the consequences of calcium decline for freshwater zooplankton.},
}
@article {pmid25823394,
year = {2015},
author = {Jia, Z and Wang, S and He, D and Cui, L and Lu, Y and Hu, H and Qin, B and Zhao, Z},
title = {Role of calcium in the regulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2, runt-related transcription factor 2 and Osterix in primary renal tubular epithelial cells by the vitamin D receptor.},
journal = {Molecular medicine reports},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {2082-2088},
doi = {10.3892/mmr.2015.3568},
pmid = {25823394},
issn = {1791-3004},
mesh = {Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/genetics/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/genetics/*metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Kidney Tubules/*cytology/metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3/vitamin D receptor (VDR) and calcium on the expression levels of osteogenic factors in primary renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) using genetic hypercalciuric rats. The basal levels of osteogenic factors were detected in Sprague Dawley and genetic hypercalciuric rats. The gene and protein levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osterix were detected in the RTECs transduced with Lenti-VDR-sh and were incubated with calcium. Using the o-cresolphthalein complexone method, the calcium levels of the primary RTECs cultured with Lenti-VDR-sh and with 1,25(OH)2D3 were assessed. The basal levels of BMP2, Runx2 and Osterix in the cells were significantly higher in the genetic hypercalciuric rats compared with the control rats. VDR knockdown in the RTECs reduced the expression levels of BMP2, Runx2 and Osterix. The calcium depositions in the primary RTECs were also decreased following exposure to Lenti-VDR-sh, but increased following treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3. The expression levels of BMP2, Runx2 and Osterix were markedly increased in the cells incubated with calcium compared with the cells treated with normal saline and the untreated cells. These findings indicated that osteogenic factors, including BMP2, Runx2 and Osterix may be important in renal stone formation in idiopathic hypercalciuria. VDR may mediate the increased expression levels of BMP2, Runx2 and Osterix by positively regulating calcium levels in primary RTECs.},
}
@article {pmid25807757,
year = {2014},
author = {Aliaev, IuG and Egshatian, LV and Rapoport, LM and Lartsova, EV},
title = {[Hormonal and metabolic disorders as systemic factor for the formation of urinary calculi].},
journal = {Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)},
volume = {},
number = {5},
pages = {35-39},
pmid = {25807757},
issn = {1728-2985},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Dyslipidemias/blood/complications/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/blood/complications/*metabolism/urine ; Lipid Metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Purines/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/blood/*etiology/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {In patients suffering from urolithiasis, metabolic diagnostics often reveals abnormalities contributing to the formation of stones: hypocitraturia, hyper- and hypocalcemia, hypercalciuria, hypomagnesemia/hypomagnesuria, hyperoxalaturia, etc. Before surgery, complex biochemical examination of blood and 24-hourcollection urine in 82 patients with urolithiasis was performed. The analysis of the main laboratory parameters of carbohydrate, lipid, calcium and phosphorus and purine metabolism found the prevalence of violations of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in these patients. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed in 31 (37.8%) patients. There was a significant positive correlation between serum total cholesterol and serum total calcium (rs = 0.3315, P = 0.0103). Low serum calcium levels were associated with hyperoxalaturia (rs = -0.4270, P = 0.0295). There was a significant effect of natriuria on urinary excretion of oxalate (rs = 0.6107, P = 0.0001), Mg (rs = 0.4156, P = 0.0096) and K (rs = 0.5234, P = 0.00005). The study shows the role of magnesium in the prevention of recurrence and manifestation of urolithiasis. The combination of two or more types of hormonal and metabolic disorders increases the incidence of recurrent stones. Timely correction of hormonal-metabolic status allows to reduce the risk of stone formation, and hospitalization attributable to the complications associated.},
}
@article {pmid25733263,
year = {2015},
author = {Hartman, C and Friedlander, JI and Moreira, DM and Leavitt, DA and Hoenig, DM and Smith, AD and Okeke, Z},
title = {Does hypertension impact 24-hour urine parameters in patients with nephrolithiasis?.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {85},
number = {3},
pages = {539-543},
doi = {10.1016/j.urology.2014.12.013},
pmid = {25733263},
issn = {1527-9995},
mesh = {*Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/*complications/*urine ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*complications/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nephrolithiasis/complications/urine ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the differences in 24-hour urine parameters and stone composition between patients with and without systemic hypertension (HTN) in a large cohort of stone formers.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review over a 10-year period of patients with stone, who had completed a 24-hour urinalysis (Litholink) and for whom demographic information was available, including the presence of HTN. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, comparing the 24-hour urinalysis profiles of patients with HTN with that of normotensive patients.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 1115 patients eligible for inclusion, 442 patients (40%) had HTN and 673 (60%) did not. Patients with HTN were significantly older, had a higher body mass index, and had a greater number of comorbid conditions than normotensive patients. Univariate analysis revealed significantly lower urine pH, calcium, supersaturation (SS) of calcium oxalate (CaOx) and SS calcium phosphate (all P&#xa0;<.05) in patients with HTN. Multivariate analysis showed significantly lower calcium, citrate, and SS CaOx in patients with HTN (all P&#xa0;<.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate lower levels of calcium and SS CaOx on univariate and multivariate analysis, as well as lower levels of citrate on multivariate analysis in patients with HTN. These results suggest that lower levels of citrate may contribute to stone formation to a greater degree in patients with HTN than abnormalities in calcium metabolism.},
}
@article {pmid25709002,
year = {2015},
author = {Ochoa-Hortal Rull, M&#xc1; and Cano-García, MC and Arrabal Martín, M and Cano Gea, R and Reyes García, R and Arrabal-Polo, MA},
title = {Calcium and phosphorus metabolism and lithogenic factors in patients with osteoporotic fracture.},
journal = {Actas urologicas espanolas},
volume = {39},
number = {5},
pages = {279-282},
doi = {10.1016/j.acuro.2014.12.004},
pmid = {25709002},
issn = {1699-7980},
mesh = {Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alkaline Phosphatase/urine ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Citric Acid/urine ; Fasting/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/complications/*metabolism ; Osteoporotic Fractures/etiology/surgery/*urine ; Parathyroid Hormone/urine ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urolithiasis/*etiology ; Vitamin D/analogs &amp; derivatives/urine ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the attendance of mineral metabolism disorders and lithogenic factors in patients' urine with osteoporotic fracture without previously known stones<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: 67 patients with osteoporotic fractures surgically treated in trauma service are included. The area of the fracture site, fracture mechanism and the presence of osteoporosis were the factors taken into account to diagnose osteoporotic fracture. Mineral metabolism, calciuria, oxaluria, uricosuria and citraturia in 24hours urine were analyzed. The presence of abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism was proved comparing hypercalciuria patients with normocalciuria ones.<br><br>RESULTS: 12 men and 55 women with mean age 68.8&#xb1;14.5 years old were included. Mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 27.4&#xb1;4.1kg/m2. 42% of patients showed hypercalciuria, 34% hyperoxaluria, 34% hypocitraturia and 7% hyperuricosuria. Statistically significant differences were observed only in fasting calcium/creatinine ratio (0.17 vs. 0.08; P<.0001) when comparing patients with hypercalciuria with those with normocalciuria.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Patients with osteoporotic fractures show different lithogenic factors in urine, mainly hypercalciuria, always in fasting conditions.},
}
@article {pmid25652872,
year = {2015},
author = {Arrabal-Martin, M and Poyatos-Andujar, A and Cano-García, Mdel C and Quesada-Charneco, M and Abad-Menor, F and Girón Prieto, MS and de Haro Muñoz, T and Arrabal-Polo, MA},
title = {The importance of calciuria as lithogenic factors in patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {47},
number = {3},
pages = {445-449},
pmid = {25652872},
issn = {1573-2584},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Factors ; Alkaline Phosphatase/urine ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/complications/urine ; Calcium/urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Collagen/urine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/complications/*urine ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/complications/*urine ; Oxalic Acid/urine ; Parathyroid Hormone/urine ; Peptide Fragments/urine ; Phosphorus/urine ; Recurrence ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Recurrent kidney stones are associated with bone mineral density loss, altered bone remodeling markers, hypercalciuria and increased in fasting calcium/creatinine ratio. The objective was to determine biochemical alterations in urine in patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis without calcium kidney stones compared with patients with calcium kidney stones.<br><br>METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study including 142 patients who were divided in two groups: Group 1 (patients with recurrent calcium kidney stones) and Group 2 (patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis in the lumbar spine or hip). Analyses of bone mineral density, calcium-phosphorous and bone metabolism and lithogenic risk factors in fasting urine samples and 24-h urine samples were performed. Statistical analysis was carried out with SPSS 17.0. A p&#xa0;&#x2264;&#xa0;0.05 was considered statistically significant.<br><br>RESULTS: Patients in Group 2 presented greater loss of bone mineral density and more elevated alkaline phosphatase, iPTH, phosphorous and &#x3b2;-crosslaps levels, as compared to patients in Group 1. However, Group 1 presented greater urine calcium, oxalate and uric acid and a higher proportion of hypocitraturia, hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria, as compared to Group 2. Multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age and &#x3b2;-crosslaps levels are risk factors for bone mineral density loss, while low urinary calcium excretion was protective against bone demineralization.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis without lithiasis present some urinary biochemical alterations. This would explain the lack of lithogenic activity, although low calcium excretion in 24-h urine samples is a protective factor against the loss of bone mineral density.},
}
@article {pmid25568567,
year = {2014},
author = {Bijelic, R and Milicevic, S and Balaban, J},
title = {Incidence of osteoporosis in patients with urolithiasis.},
journal = {Medical archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina)},
volume = {68},
number = {5},
pages = {335-338},
pmid = {25568567},
issn = {0350-199X},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Density ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/*physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/epidemiology/*etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Urolithiasis/*complications ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Clinical researches have shown an increased bone disintegration and lower bone mass in patients with calcium urolithiasis.<br><br>GOAL: The goal of our research was to establish the incidence of osteoporosis in adult patients with calcium urolithiasis, on the basis of measuring mineral bone density, using DEXA method, with a special reflection on age subgroups.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical research was prospective and it was implemented at the University Clinical Center of Banja Luka, at the Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and at the Urology Clinic. Material in this research consisted of patients divided in two groups, a working and a control group. One hundred and twenty (120) patients were included in both these groups, divided in three age subgroups: 20-40, 40-60 and over 60. The working group consisted of the patients with calcium urolithiasis and the control group consisted of patients without calcium urolithiasis. Establishing of mineral bone density at L2-L4 of lumbal spine vertebrae and hip was done for the patients in both these groups, using DEXA method.<br><br>RESULTS: Analysis of mineral bone density using DEXA method in patients in age groups of working and control groups, as well as in the total sample of working and control groups, have shown that the patients of the working group, over 60, had a decreased mineral bone density (30% of osteopenia and 15% osteoporosis) significantly more expressed when compared to the other two age groups (12.5% in the subgroup 20-40 and 17.5% in the subgroup 40-60), which presents a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). In the control group, when taking into account age groups, osteopenia and osteoporosis were marked in 37.5% and 2.5% in the group of patients over 60, whereas in the youngest population, 5% of osteopenia was found, which presents a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). When observing the total sample of working and control group, there was a statistically significant difference in the working and control group (p<0.01); incidence of osteoporosis in the working group amounted to 7.5% and in the control group it was 0.8%.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Urolithiasis and osteoporosis are two multifactorial diseases which are evidently reciprocal. This is why we suggest that educating the population about the risk factors for occurrence of these diseases as well as preventive measures that may contribute to their decrease should begin as early as possible.},
}
@article {pmid25530527,
year = {2015},
author = {Iguchi, T and Nakatani, T},
title = {[Bone and Calcium Research Update 2015. Clinical update of urolithiasis--ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy)].},
journal = {Clinical calcium},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {97-104},
pmid = {25530527},
issn = {0917-5857},
mesh = {Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*surgery ; *Lithotripsy/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) is widely used for upper urinary stones and successfully treats most patients with uncomplicated kidney stones. ESWL is still of high strategic importance despite ureteroscopy and PNL occupy an essential place in the treatment of urinary stones by technologic advancements. However ESWL is just one of treatment tool and the best procedure should be selected for the patients. Moreover urolithiasis is one of lifestyle-related diseases and should be treated as systemic illness in the daily medical practice.},
}
@article {pmid25477375,
year = {2015},
author = {Woods, SE and Leonard, MR and Hayden, JA and Brophy, MB and Bernert, KR and Lavoie, B and Muthupalani, S and Whary, MT and Mawe, GM and Nolan, EM and Carey, MC and Fox, JG},
title = {Impaired cholecystokinin-induced gallbladder emptying incriminated in spontaneous "black" pigment gallstone formation in germfree Swiss Webster mice.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology},
volume = {308},
number = {4},
pages = {G335-49},
pmid = {25477375},
issn = {1522-1547},
support = {P01 CA028842/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK062267/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P30 DK079338/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; T32-OD10978-26/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; DK62267/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P30 ES002109/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; T32 OD010978/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; DK080480/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK036588/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P30-ES002109/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Age Factors ; Animals ; Bile Pigments/*metabolism ; Body Weight ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholecystokinin/*metabolism ; Female ; Gallbladder/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Gallstones/*etiology/genetics/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Germ-Free Life ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mice ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth/*metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {"Black" pigment gallstones form in sterile gallbladder bile in the presence of excess bilirubin conjugates ("hyperbilirubinbilia") from ineffective erythropoiesis, hemolysis, or induced enterohepatic cycling (EHC) of unconjugated bilirubin. Impaired gallbladder motility is a less well-studied risk factor. We evaluated the spontaneous occurrence of gallstones in adult germfree (GF) and conventionally housed specific pathogen-free (SPF) Swiss Webster (SW) mice. GF SW mice were more likely to have gallstones than SPF SW mice, with 75% and 23% prevalence, respectively. In GF SW mice, gallstones were observed predominately in heavier, older females. Gallbladders of GF SW mice were markedly enlarged, contained sterile black gallstones composed of calcium bilirubinate and <1% cholesterol, and had low-grade inflammation, edema, and epithelial hyperplasia. Hemograms were normal, but serum cholesterol was elevated in GF compared with SPF SW mice, and serum glucose levels were positively related to increasing age. Aged GF and SPF SW mice had deficits in gallbladder smooth muscle activity. In response to cholecystokinin (CCK), gallbladders of fasted GF SW mice showed impaired emptying (females: 29%; males: 1% emptying), whereas SPF SW females and males emptied 89% and 53% of volume, respectively. Bilirubin secretion rates of GF SW mice were not greater than SPF SW mice, repudiating an induced EHC. Gallstones likely developed in GF SW mice because of gallbladder hypomotility, enabled by features of GF physiology, including decreased intestinal CCK concentration and delayed intestinal transit, as well as an apparent genetic predisposition of the SW stock. GF SW mice may provide a valuable model to study gallbladder stasis as a cause of black pigment gallstones.},
}
@article {pmid25446019,
year = {2015},
author = {Figueres, ML and Linglart, A and Bienaime, F and Allain-Launay, E and Roussey-Kessler, G and Ryckewaert, A and Kottler, ML and Hourmant, M},
title = {Kidney function and influence of sunlight exposure in patients with impaired 24-hydroxylation of vitamin D due to CYP24A1 mutations.},
journal = {American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation},
volume = {65},
number = {1},
pages = {122-126},
doi = {10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.06.037},
pmid = {25446019},
issn = {1523-6838},
mesh = {Bone Density Conservation Agents/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diphosphonates/*pharmacology ; Female ; Fluid Therapy/*methods ; Humans ; *Hypercalcemia/genetics/physiopathology ; Hypercalciuria/genetics/physiopathology ; Infant ; Kidney Function Tests/methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Monitoring, Physiologic/methods ; Mutation ; *Nephrocalcinosis/etiology/metabolism/physiopathology ; *Nephrolithiasis/etiology/metabolism/physiopathology ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Seasons ; Sunlight/*adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin D/*analogs &amp; derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase/*genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Loss-of-function mutations of CYP24A1, the enzyme that converts the major circulating and active forms of vitamin D to inactive metabolites, recently have been implicated in idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia. Patients with biallelic mutations in CYP24A1 present with severe hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis in infancy or hypercalciuria, kidney stones, and nephrocalcinosis in adulthood. We describe a cohort of 7 patients (2 adults, 5 children) presenting with severe hypercalcemia who had homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in CYP24A1. Acute episodes of hypercalcemia in infancy were the first symptom in 6 of 7 patients; in all patients, symptoms included nephrocalcinosis, hypercalciuria, low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and higher than expected 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. Longitudinal data suggested that in most patients, periods of increased sunlight exposure tended to correlate with decreases in PTH levels and increases in calcemia and calciuria. Follow-up of the 2 adult patients showed reduced glomerular filtration rate and extrarenal manifestations, including calcic corneal deposits and osteoporosis. Cases of severe PTH-independent hypercalcemia associated with hypercalciuria in infants should prompt genetic analysis of CYP24A1. These patients should be monitored carefully throughout life because they may be at increased risk for developing chronic kidney disease.},
}
@article {pmid25394514,
year = {2015},
author = {He, D and Wang, S and Jia, Z and Cui, L and Lu, Y and Hu, H and Qin, B},
title = {Calcium ions promote primary renal epithelial cell differentiation into cells with bone-associated phenotypes via transforming growth factor-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in idiopathic hypercalciuria patients.},
journal = {Molecular medicine reports},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {2199-2206},
doi = {10.3892/mmr.2014.2941},
pmid = {25394514},
issn = {1791-3004},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/blood/genetics/metabolism ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transdifferentiation/drug effects ; Epithelial Cells/*metabolism ; *Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/genetics/*metabolism ; Kidney/cytology/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithiasis/genetics/metabolism ; Osteopontin/blood/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {The present study aimed to identify the characteristics and cross‑talk between transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) and calcium ions in nephrolithiasis patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in order to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying changes in cell phenotype induced by bone‑associated factors and their influence on renal nephrolithiasis formation. Blood samples from a total of 29 nephrolithiasis patients with IH, 29 renal stone patients without IH and 29 healthy age‑matched normal controls were subjected to quantification of peripheral serum TGF‑β1, osteopontin (OPN) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) using ELISA. This was followed by detection of BMP2, OPN and 1,25‑dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor (VDR) mRNA and protein levels in primary renal epithelial cells (PRECs) of IH and HK‑2 human proximal tubular cell lines (control) using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and western blot analyses. The mRNA expression levels of BMP2, OPN and VDR in PRECs and HK‑2 were evaluated following stimulation with various concentrations of TGF‑β1 (0.5, 2.0 and 5.0 ng/ml), Ca2+ (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mM) or TGF‑β1 and Ca2+ combined using RT‑qPCR, respectively. TGF‑β1, BMP2 and OPN expression levels in patients with IH were all significantly higher than those in the control group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of BMP2 and VDR were significantly higher in PRECs than those in HK‑2 cells. Following incubation with TGF‑β1 and/or Ca2+, the mRNA expression levels of BMP2, OPN and VDR in PRECs increased in a dose‑dependent manner; however, no significant differences were observed in HK‑2 cells with increasing TGF‑β1 dosage. Co‑incubation with TGF‑β1 and Ca2+ in PRECs and HK‑2 cell lines resulted in similar effects and the expression of BMP2, OPN and VDR mRNA increased in a time‑dependent manner. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that TGF‑β1 regulated the expression of BMP2, OPN and VDR in PRECs, but not in HK‑2 cells. Co‑incubation with TGF‑β1 and Ca2+ significantly increased the expression levels of bone‑associated factors in PRECs and HK‑2 cells, which suggested that this process may be partially responsible for the pathogenesis of calcium stone development, and also associated with bone formation and the TGF‑β1‑induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition.},
}
@article {pmid25310585,
year = {2014},
author = {Zhang, H and Li, N and Li, K and Li, P},
title = {Protective effect of Urtica dioica methanol extract against experimentally induced urinary calculi in rats.},
journal = {Molecular medicine reports},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {3157-3162},
doi = {10.3892/mmr.2014.2610},
pmid = {25310585},
issn = {1791-3004},
mesh = {Ammonium Chloride/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Chlorogenic Acid/chemistry/pharmacology ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Ethylene Glycol/pharmacology ; Flavonoids/chemistry/pharmacology ; Hydroxybenzoates/chemistry/pharmacology ; Kaempferols/chemistry/pharmacology ; Kidney/drug effects/metabolism ; Luteolin/chemistry/pharmacology ; Male ; Methanol/*chemistry ; Monosaccharides/chemistry/pharmacology ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/*chemistry/*pharmacology ; Protective Agents/*chemistry/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rutin/chemistry/pharmacology ; Salicylic Acid/chemistry/pharmacology ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy ; Urtica dioica/*chemistry ; },
abstract = {Renal calculi formation is one of the most common urological disorders. Urinary stone disease is a common disease, which affects 10‑12% of the population in industrialized countries. In males, the highest prevalence of the disease occurs between the age of 20 and 40 years, while in females, the highest incidence of the disease occurs later. Previous studies have shown that long‑term exposure to oxalate is toxic to renal epithelial cells and results in oxidative stress. In the present study, a methanolic extract of aerial parts of Urtica dioica was screened for antiurolithiatic activity against ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride‑induced calcium oxalate renal stones in male rats. In the control rats, ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride administration was observed to cause an increase in urinary calcium, oxalate and creatinine levels, as well as an increase in renal calcium and oxalate deposition. Histopathological observations revealed calcium oxalate microcrystal deposits in the kidney sections of the rats treated with ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride, indicating the induction of lithiasis. In the test rats, treatment with the methanolic extract of Urtica dioica was found to decrease the elevated levels of urinary calcium, oxalate and creatinine, and significantly decrease the renal deposition of calcium and oxalate. Furthermore, renal histological observations revealed a significant reduction in calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the test rats. Phytochemical analysis of the Urtica dioica extract was also performed using liquid chromatography‑electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection, to determine the chemical composition of the extract. The eight chemical constituents identified in the extract were protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, luteolin, gossypetin, rutin, kaempferol‑3‑O‑rutinoside, kaempferol‑3‑O‑glucoside and chlorogenic acid. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that Urtica dioica has strong antiurolithiatic activity and may have potential as a natural therapeutic agent for various urological disorders.},
}
@article {pmid25266216,
year = {2015},
author = {Fabris, A and Ferraro, PM and Comellato, G and Caletti, C and Fantin, F and Zaza, G and Zamboni, M and Lupo, A and Gambaro, G},
title = {The relationship between calcium kidney stones, arterial stiffness and bone density: unraveling the stone-bone-vessel liaison.},
journal = {Journal of nephrology},
volume = {28},
number = {5},
pages = {549-555},
pmid = {25266216},
issn = {1724-6059},
mesh = {Absorptiometry, Photon ; Blood Flow Velocity/*physiology ; Blood Vessels/*physiopathology ; Bone Density/*physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/*etiology/physiopathology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Pulse Wave Analysis/methods ; Vascular Stiffness/*physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Kidney stone disease is associated with a higher incidence of cardio-vascular (CV) events for still unclear reasons. Reduced bone density is also a frequent finding in calcium kidney stones. The association of reduced bone density with increased vascular stiffness and calcification has been discovered in a number of conditions. We investigated the hypothesis that patients with calcium kidney stones have increased arterial stiffness, which would be associated with reduced bone density and higher CV risk.<br><br>We compared measures of arterial stiffness [carotid-radial pulse-wave velocity (CR-PWV), carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (CF-PWV) and augmentation index (AI)] and of bone density (T-scores determined at lumbar spine, neck and hip) among 42 idiopathic calcium stone formers compared with 42 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers.<br><br>RESULTS: Stone formers had higher values of CR-PWV, CF-PWV and AI, and lower values of all T-scores. Furthermore, the prevalence of abnormal arterial stiffness and reduced bone density was significantly higher among stone formers. Statistical adjustment for age, sex, body mass index and other covariates did not change the results.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that stone formers have increased arterial stiffness and reduced bone density. Abnormal arterial stiffness appears to be independent of reduced bone density and may explain the higher CV risk observed in stone formers.},
}
@article {pmid25216416,
year = {2014},
author = {Dorairajan, N and Pradeep, PV},
title = {Vignette hyperparathyroidism: glimpse into its history.},
journal = {International surgery},
volume = {99},
number = {5},
pages = {528-533},
pmid = {25216416},
issn = {2520-2456},
mesh = {History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*history ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/history ; Parathyroidectomy/history ; },
abstract = {The parathyroid gland was first described by Sir Richard Owen. Ivor Sandstrom coined the term glandulae parathyroidiae. Vassale and Generali Francesco observed that tetany occurs following parathyroidectomy. Harald Salvesen firmly established the relationship of the parathyroid gland to calcium metabolism. A patient with skeletal disease and a tumor near the parathyroid gland was described by Max Askanazy in 1904. Schlagenhaufer suggested in 1915 that in an attempt to cure bone disease, solitary parathyroid enlargement, if present, should be excised. The term hyperparathyroidism (HPT) was coined by Henry Dixon and colleagues. The parathyroid surgeries on Albert J. and Charles Martell were the first experience with successful parathyroidectomy. From a grossly symptomatic disease of bones, stones, abdominal groans, and psychic moans, HPT has evolved into asymptomatic HPT. Improvements in knowledge about the pathology of parathyroid diseases, including the genetic basis of HPT, and advances in the surgical techniques have brought about changes in the management of HPT over the decades.},
}
@article {pmid25192523,
year = {2014},
author = {Balestracci, A and Meni Battaglia, L and Toledo, I and Martin, SM and Wainsztein, RE},
title = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria in children with urinary tract infection.},
journal = {Archivos argentinos de pediatria},
volume = {112},
number = {5},
pages = {428-433},
doi = {10.5546/aap.2014.eng.428},
pmid = {25192523},
issn = {1668-3501},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*complications/*epidemiology ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Urinary Tract Infections/*complications ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/complications ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) predisposes to urinary tract infections (UTIs); however, there is scarce local information regarding such association. Our objectives were to estimate IH prevalence in children with UTI and to assess whether there were differences in relation to the presence or absence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Additionally, the association between IH and salt intake was studied.<br><br>POPULATION AND METHODS: Calciuria was determined in patients younger than 18 years old on whom UTI had been studied (ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram), and who had no secondary causes of hypercalciuria. IH was defined as a calcium to creatinine ratio of >0.8, 0.6, 0.5 and 0.2 in children aged 0 to 6 months old, 7 to12 months old, 12 to 24 months old and older than 2 years old, respectively; and a high sodium intake with a urinary sodium to potassium ratio of >2.5.<br><br>RESULTS: IH prevalence among 136 patients (87 girls, median age: 3 years old) was 20%. Patients with VUR (n= 54) and without VUR (n= 82) had similar characteristics in terms of sex, weight, height, age at diagnosis and age at the time of the study, and clinical features (hematuria, nephrolithiasis, colicky pain, and recurrent UTI), family history of kidney stone formation, and IH prevalence (26% versus 16%, p= 0.24). A high sodium intake was more frequently observed in children with hypercalciuria than in those with normal urine calcium levels (76% versus 46%, p= 0.007).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: IH prevalence in children with UTI was high (20%), with no differences observed between patients with and without VUR. As a recommendation, the presence of IH should be detected in children with UTI, regardless of VUR presence or absence.},
}
@article {pmid25188231,
year = {2014},
author = {Arrabal-Polo, MA and Cano-García, Mdel C and Canales, BK and Arrabal-Martín, M},
title = {Calcium nephrolithiasis and bone demineralization: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and medical management.},
journal = {Current opinion in urology},
volume = {24},
number = {6},
pages = {633-638},
doi = {10.1097/MOU.0000000000000111},
pmid = {25188231},
issn = {1473-6586},
mesh = {Bone Demineralization, Pathologic/diagnosis/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/diagnosis/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/diagnosis/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Osteoporosis/diagnosis/drug therapy/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To establish the relationship between calcium nephrolithiasis, bone densitometry scoring, and bone mineral density (BMD) loss according to bone turnover markers (BTMs) and urinary metabolites.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and idiopathic fasting hypercalciuria (urinary calcium/creatinine ratio >0.11) are more likely to have BMD loss that may lead to osteopenia or osteoporosis. In these patients, BTMs may be used as a surrogate for both bone health and stone recurrence. Suspect higher lithogenic states when calcium stone formers have serum beta-crosslaps (resorptive marker) greater than 0.311&#x200a;ng/ml, serum osteocalcin (formative marker) greater than 13.2&#x200a;ng/ml, and beta-crosslaps/osteocalcin ratio greater than 0.024.<br><br>SUMMARY: Patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and fasting hypercalciuria have a higher incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis, measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. These patients present not only with hypercalciuria and increased BTMs (mainly resorptive), but also up to 30% have hypocitraturia and increased urinary calcium/citrate ratio (>0.25). On the basis of these results, a diagnostic algorithm was created, classifying hypercalciurics according to their fasting calcium/creatinine and calcium/citrate ratio. Medical therapy for these patients is aimed at improving the dietary habits (normocalcemic, low salt, low animal protein diet), prescribing combinations of potassium citrate, thiazides, and bisphosphonates, and correcting bone and urinary abnormalities that may lower future skeletal and kidney stone risk.},
}
@article {pmid26816783,
year = {2014},
author = {Nouvenne, A and Ticinesi, A and Morelli, I and Guida, L and Borghi, L and Meschi, T},
title = {Fad diets and their effect on urinary stone formation.},
journal = {Translational andrology and urology},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {303-312},
pmid = {26816783},
issn = {2223-4691},
abstract = {The influence of unhealthy dietary habits on urinary stone formation has been widely recognized in literature. Dietary advice is indeed the cornerstone prescription for prevention of nephrolithiasis as well. However, only a small amount of medical literature has addressed the influence of popular or fad diets, often self-prescribed for the management of obesity and overweight or for cultural beliefs, on the risk of kidney stones. Thereby in this paper we analyze the current knowledge on the effects of some popular diets on overall lithogenic risk. High-protein diets, like Dukan diet, raise some concerns, since animal proteins are able to increase urinary calcium and to decrease urinary citrate excretion, thus leading to a high overall lithogenic risk. Low-carbohydrate diets, like Atkins diet or zone diet, may have a protective role against kidney stone formation, but there are also evidences stating that this dietary approach may rise calciuria and decrease citraturia, since it is generally associated to a relatively high intake of animal proteins. Vegan diet can be harmful for urinary stone disease, especially for the risk of hyperuricemia and micronutrient deficiencies, even if only few studies have addressed this specific matter. On the other side, the benefits of a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet on kidney stone prevention have been largely emphasized, provided that the intake of calcium and oxalate is balanced. Traditional Mediterranean diet should exert a protective effect on nephrolithiasis as well, even if specific studies have not been carried out yet. High phytate and antioxidant content of this diet have however demonstrated to be beneficial in preventing the formation of new or recurrent calculi. Anyway, at the current state of knowledge, the most effective dietary approach to prevent kidney stone disease is a mild animal protein restriction, a balanced intake of carbohydrates and fats and a high intake of fruit and vegetables. Other fundamental aspects, which are often neglected in fad diets, are a normal intake of milk and dairy products and salt restriction. All these nutritional aspects should be greatly taken into account when patients who are willing to undergo fad or commercial diets ask for dietary advice.},
}
@article {pmid25080794,
year = {2014},
author = {Razmakhnin, EV and Khyshiktuev, BS and Kichigina, VA and Namdakov, BB},
title = {[The atomic emission analysis under examination of composition of gallstones].},
journal = {Klinicheskaia laboratornaia diagnostika},
volume = {},
number = {4},
pages = {11-13},
pmid = {25080794},
issn = {0869-2084},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Caprylates/*metabolism ; Female ; Gallstones/diagnosis/*metabolism/surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; *Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; },
abstract = {The high morbidity of cholelithiasis and considerable percentage of complications dictates necessity to search new little invasive modes of treatment. In this, one of the perspective directions is the application of dissolution of concrements using contact litholysis. The solubility of concrements directly depends on their composition. The detailed knowledge of composition of gallstones subjected to dissolution is needed for prognosis of solubility of concrements and experimental findings of new solvents. The mode of atomic emission analysis was applied to study mineral composition of 105 gallstones extracted from gallbladders of patients with cholelithiasis operated using laparoscopy. The experimental studies were implemented in vitro on dissolution of concrements depending on their composition and using octane acid. It is established that solubility of gallstones depends on content of calcium and ash composition of concrements. In consideration of relative simplicity of application, absence of complicated preparation of tests for analysis, distinct dependence of solubility of concrements on content of calcium and ash content of gallstones the atomic emission analysis can be recommended for examination of composition of gall concrements in case of search and development of new modes of litholysis. This mode of analysis can be also applied for prognosis of dissolution of concrements under application of contact litholysis.},
}
@article {pmid25071082,
year = {2015},
author = {Gong, Y and Himmerkus, N and Plain, A and Bleich, M and Hou, J},
title = {Epigenetic regulation of microRNAs controlling CLDN14 expression as a mechanism for renal calcium handling.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {663-676},
pmid = {25071082},
issn = {1533-3450},
support = {P30 DK079333/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK084059/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P30-DK079333/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01-DK084059/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cinacalcet ; Claudins/*metabolism ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; Hypercalciuria/genetics ; Hypocalcemia/genetics ; Hypoparathyroidism/congenital/genetics ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Magnesium/urine ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; Naphthalenes ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The kidney has a major role in extracellular calcium homeostasis. Multiple genetic linkage and association studies identified three tight junction genes from the kidney--claudin-14, -16, and -19--as critical for calcium imbalance diseases. Despite the compelling biologic evidence that the claudin-14/16/19 proteins form a regulated paracellular pathway for calcium reabsorption, approaches to regulate this transport pathway are largely unavailable, hindering the development of therapies to correct calcium transport abnormalities. Here, we report that treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors downregulates renal CLDN14 mRNA and dramatically reduces urinary calcium excretion in mice. Furthermore, treatment of mice with HDAC inhibitors stimulated the transcription of renal microRNA-9 (miR-9) and miR-374 genes, which have been shown to repress the expression of claudin-14, the negative regulator of the paracellular pathway. With renal clearance and tubule perfusion techniques, we showed that HDAC inhibitors transiently increase the paracellular cation conductance in the thick ascending limb. Genetic ablation of claudin-14 or the use of a loop diuretic in mice abrogated HDAC inhibitor-induced hypocalciuria. The genetic mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor from patients with autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH) repressed the transcription of miR-9 and miR-374 genes, and treatment with an HDAC inhibitor rescued the phenotypes of cell and animal models of ADH. Furthermore, systemic treatment of mice with antagomiRs against these miRs relieved claudin-14 gene silencing and caused an ADH-like phenotype. Together, our findings provide proof of concept for a novel therapeutic principle on the basis of epigenetic regulation of renal miRs to treat hypercalciuric diseases.},
}
@article {pmid25069966,
year = {2014},
author = {Xie, R and Tang, B and Yong, X and Luo, G and Yang, SM},
title = {Roles of the calcium sensing receptor in digestive physiology and pathophysiology (review).},
journal = {International journal of oncology},
volume = {45},
number = {4},
pages = {1355-1362},
doi = {10.3892/ijo.2014.2560},
pmid = {25069966},
issn = {1791-2423},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/metabolism/pathology ; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/drug therapy/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/agonists/*genetics/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Calcium participates in most of the biological processes in the human body. The calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), as an important regulator of calcium homeostasis, is expressed in all of the organs of the digestive system. CaSR plays a key role in gastrointestinal physiological function and in the occurrence of digestive disease. For example, the inactivation or mutation of the CaSR gene usually leads to one of several disorders of calcium metabolism. High dietary Ca2+ may stimulate CaSR activation and could both inhibit tumor development and increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of cancer cells in colon cancer tissues. Further, CaSR has also been reported to have a potential role in the treatment for diarrheal diseases and the form of pancreatitis that is associated with carbonate stones. Therefore, CaSR is an important target for treating digestive diseases, and the calcimimetics (CaSR agonist) have been confirmed as practical, feasible and effective clinical therapies for hyperparathyroidism. This review intends to explore the role of CaSR in digestive physiology and pathophysiology as well as current treatments utilizing CaSR‑based therapeutics.},
}
@article {pmid25055352,
year = {2014},
author = {Ramos, MF and de Santana, LG and Rasvickas, CV and Teixeira, Vde P and Schor, N},
title = {Effect of vitamin D3 overdose and calcium supplementation in experimental nephrolithiasis model.},
journal = {Jornal brasileiro de nefrologia : 'orgao oficial de Sociedades Brasileira e Latino-Americana de Nefrologia},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {132-138},
doi = {10.5935/0101-2800.20140022},
pmid = {25055352},
issn = {2175-8239},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*administration &amp; dosage ; Cholecalciferol/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects ; Dietary Supplements ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Overdose ; Nephrolithiasis/*chemically induced ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vitamins/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is little information in the literature relating supplementary oral usage of vitamin D and calcium to the development of kidney stones.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of high dose, 200 IU of vitamin D3 (V) with calcium supplementation (Ca).<br><br>METHODS: Experimental model consists of insertion of pellets into the bladder of rats. V was administered for 30 days with or without Ca. The rats were divided in 6 groups: 1. Sham, 2. Pellets control; 3. V control; 4. Pellets + V; 5. Pellets + Ca and 6. Pellets + Ca + V.<br><br>RESULTS: 50% and 17% decreases bladder stones formation in groups 5 and 6, p < 0.005 comparing with the group 2 were observed. There was no hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria in all groups. We observed a significant decrease in calciuria in group 6 (p = 0.03).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The administration of the V associated with Ca significantly decreased the formation of stones and caused a significant reduction in urinary calcium, suggesting a protection in the lithogenic pathophysiology.},
}
@article {pmid25048492,
year = {2014},
author = {Kim, WT and Kim, YJ and Yun, SJ and Shin, KS and Choi, YD and Lee, SC and Kim, WJ},
title = {Role of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone in urinary calcium excretion in calcium stone formers.},
journal = {Yonsei medical journal},
volume = {55},
number = {5},
pages = {1326-1332},
pmid = {25048492},
issn = {1976-2437},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood/*physiology/urine ; Vitamin D/*analogs &amp; derivatives/blood/physiology/urine ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To find out the possible role of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) as intrinsic factors in urinary calcium stone formers (SFs), we investigated their relationship with serum and urinary biochemical parameters.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 326 calcium SFs (male: 204, female: 122) were enrolled and underwent outpatient metabolic evaluations including 1,25(OH)&#x2082;D&#x2083; and PTH as well as serum and 24-hour urinary biochemical parameters. As control, 163 age- and sex-matched (2:1) individuals (non-SFs) who have never urinary stone episode were included.<br><br>RESULTS: 1,25(OH)&#x2082;D&#x2083; level was positively correlated with urinary calcium excretion (r=0.347, p<0.001). The hypercalciuric group and recurrent SFs had higher serum 1,25(OH)&#x2082;D&#x2083; levels than the normocalciuric group (p<0.001) and first SFs (p=0.050). In the adjusted multiple linear regression analysis, serum 1,25(OH)&#x2082;D&#x2083; level (&#x3b2;=0.259, p<0.001) and serum PTH level (&#x3b2;=-0.160, p<0.001) were significantly correlated with urinary calcium excretion. The patients in highest tertile of 1,25(OH)&#x2082;D&#x2083; had a more than 3.1 fold risk of hypercalciuria than those in the lowest tertile (odds ratio=3.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.431-6.888, p=0.004). No correlation was observed between PTH and 1,25(OH)&#x2082;D&#x2083; (R=0.005, p=0.929) in calcium SFs, while a negative correlation was found in controls (R=-0.269, p=0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSION: 1,25(OH)&#x2082;D&#x2083; was closely correlated with urinary calcium excretion, and high 1,25(OH)&#x2082;D&#x2083; levels were detected in the hypercalciuric group and in recurrent SFs. However, 1,25(OH)&#x2082;D&#x2083; was not correlated with PTH in calcium SFs. These findings suggest that 1,25(OH)&#x2082;D&#x2083; might be important intrinsic factor for altered calcium regulation in SFs.},
}
@article {pmid24992569,
year = {2014},
author = {Toka, HR and Pollak, MR},
title = {The role of the calcium-sensing receptor in disorders of abnormal calcium handling and cardiovascular disease.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {23},
number = {5},
pages = {494-501},
doi = {10.1097/MNH.0000000000000042},
pmid = {24992569},
issn = {1473-6543},
mesh = {Animals ; Bone Remodeling ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/genetics/metabolism/physiopathology ; Hypercalciuria/genetics/metabolism/physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/genetics/metabolism/physiopathology ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics/*metabolism ; Vascular Calcification/genetics/metabolism/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has a central role in parathyroid gland function. Genetic alterations in CaSR are well known to cause inherited forms of abnormal calcium homeostasis. This review focuses on studies investigating the role of CaSR in common disorders of abnormal calcium handling and in cardiovascular calcification.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Genetic population studies tested the association of common allelic CASR variants with serum and urine calcium levels, kidney stone disease, primary hyperparathyroidism and bone mineral density. The results of these association studies suggested either minor or no effects of CASR variants in these phenotypes. Decreased expression of CaSR was associated with the etiology of cardiovascular calcification in individuals with advanced chronic kidney disease.<br><br>SUMMARY: Ionized calcium plays a central role in the physiology of many organ systems and disease states, but the roles of CaSR other than as illustrated by Mendelian forms of CaSR dysfunction remain unclear. The contributions of CaSR to bone mineral homeostasis, vascular calcification and other forms of cardiovascular disease need further investigation.},
}
@article {pmid24832105,
year = {2014},
author = {Gerasimenko, J and Peng, S and Gerasimenko, O},
title = {Role of acidic stores in secretory epithelia.},
journal = {Cell calcium},
volume = {55},
number = {6},
pages = {346-354},
doi = {10.1016/j.ceca.2014.04.002},
pmid = {24832105},
issn = {1532-1991},
mesh = {Acinar Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling ; Calmodulin/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism ; Pancreas, Exocrine/cytology ; Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases/metabolism ; },
abstract = {There is growing evidence that intracellular calcium plays a primary role in the pathophysiology of the pancreas in addition to its crucial importance in major physiological functions. Pancreatic acinar cells have a remarkably large amount of Ca(2+) stored in both the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the acidic stores. The vast majority of the classical ER Ca(2+) store is located in the basal part of the acinar cells with extensions protruding into the apical area, however, the acidic stores are exclusively located in the secretory granular area of the cells. Both types of Ca(2+) store respond to all three intracellular Ca(2+) messengers - inositol trisphosphate (InsP3), cyclic-ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). The two stores interact with each other via calcium-induced calcium release; however, they can be separated using pharmacological tools. The ER relies on sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) that can be blocked by the specific inhibitor thapsigargin. The acidic store requires a low pH that can be modified by blocking vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. The acidic store is particularly important for pathological processes in the pancreas. Acute pancreatitis is initiated as a result of calcium overload in the apical pole, which leads to trypsinogen activation; two major causes are gall bladder stones and excessive alcohol consumption. Excessive Ca(2+) release from the acidic stores plays a major role in both scenarios; however NAADP-induced calcium release from acidic stores is particularly important for bile-induced pancreatitis. Cell-permeable calmodulin (CaM) activators such as CALP3 boost the natural protective effect of CaM by inhibiting excessive calcium release from the internal stores through inositol trisphosphate (InsP3R) and ryanodine receptors (RyR). Alternatively calcium overload can be dramatically reduced by inhibiting Ca(2+)-release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) currents that are required to reload the internal stores and therefore provide effective protection against the major triggers of acute pancreatitis.},
}
@article {pmid24756712,
year = {2014},
author = {Na, T and Peng, JB},
title = {TRPV5: a Ca(2+) channel for the fine-tuning of Ca(2+) reabsorption.},
journal = {Handbook of experimental pharmacology},
volume = {222},
number = {},
pages = {321-357},
doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-54215-2_13},
pmid = {24756712},
issn = {0171-2004},
support = {R01DK072154/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Black People/genetics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Conformation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; TRPV Cation Channels/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {TRPV5 is one of the two channels in the TRPV family that exhibit high selectivity to Ca(2+) ions. TRPV5 mediates Ca(2+) influx into cells as the first step to transport Ca(2+) across epithelia. The specialized distribution in the distal tubule of the kidney positions TRPV5 as a key player in Ca(2+) reabsorption. The responsiveness in expression and/or activity of TRPV5 to hormones such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, estrogen, and testosterone makes TRPV5 suitable for its role in the fine-tuning of Ca(2+) reabsorption. This role is further optimized by the modulation of TRPV5 trafficking and activity via its binding partners; co-expressed proteins; tubular factors such as calbindin-D28k, calmodulin, klotho, uromodulin, and plasmin; extracellular and intracellular factors such as proton, Mg(2+), Ca(2+), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; and fluid flow. These regulations allow TRPV5 to adjust its overall activity in response to the body's demand for Ca(2+) and to prevent kidney stone formation. A point mutation in mouse Trpv5 gene leads to hypercalciuria similar to Trpv5 knockout mice, suggesting a possible role of TRPV5 in hypercalciuric disorders in humans. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphisms in Trpv5 gene prevalently present in African descents may contribute to the efficient renal Ca(2+) reabsorption among African descendants. TRPV5 represents a potential therapeutic target for disorders with altered Ca(2+) homeostasis.},
}
@article {pmid24652587,
year = {2014},
author = {Hering-Smith, KS and Mao, W and Schiro, FR and Coleman-Barnett, J and Pajor, AM and Hamm, LL},
title = {Localization of the calcium-regulated citrate transport process in proximal tubule cells.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {209-219},
pmid = {24652587},
issn = {2194-7236},
support = {R01 DK054952/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U54 GM104940/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; NIH DK54952/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P20 RR017659/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P20RR017659/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P30 GM103337/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK095879/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Biological Transport/drug effects/physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Polarity/drug effects/physiology ; Citrates/*metabolism ; Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters/genetics/*metabolism ; Kidney Cortex/cytology/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology/*metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/*metabolism/pathology ; Opossums ; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent/genetics/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Succinates/pharmacology ; Succinic Acid/metabolism ; Symporters/genetics/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Urinary citrate is an important inhibitor of calcium-stone formation. Most of the citrate reabsorption in the proximal tubule is thought to occur via a dicarboxylate transporter NaDC1 located in the apical membrane. OK cells, an established opossum kidney proximal tubule cell line, transport citrate but the characteristics change with extracellular calcium such that low calcium solutions stimulate total citrate transport as well as increase the apparent affinity for transport. The present studies address several fundamental properties of this novel process: the polarity of the transport process, the location of the calcium-sensitivity and whether NaDC1 is present in OK cells. OK cells grown on permeable supports exhibited apical >basolateral citrate transport. Apical transport of both citrate and succinate was sensitive to extracellular calcium whereas basolateral transport was not. Apical calcium, rather than basolateral, was the predominant determinant of changes in transport. Also 2,3-dimethylsuccinate, previously identified as an inhibitor of basolateral dicarboxylate transport, inhibited apical citrate uptake. Although the calcium-sensitive transport process in OK cells is functionally not typical NaDC1, NaDC1 is present in OK cells by Western blot and PCR. By immunolocalization studies, NaDC1 was predominantly located in discrete apical membrane or subapical areas. However, by biotinylation, apical NaDC1 decreases in the apical membrane with lowering calcium. In sum, OK cells express a calcium-sensitive/regulated dicarboxylate process at the apical membrane which responds to variations in apical calcium. Despite the functional differences of this process compared to NaDC1, NaDC1 is present in these cells, but predominantly in subapical vesicles.},
}
@article {pmid24649757,
year = {2013},
author = {Dzerganov, NK and Egshatian, LV and Mokrysheva, NG and Peretokina, EV},
title = {[Clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with urolithiasis in the presence and absence of primary hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)},
volume = {},
number = {6},
pages = {14-18},
pmid = {24649757},
issn = {1728-2985},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Chlorides/blood/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*blood/complications/diagnosis/*urine ; Lipoproteins, HDL/blood/urine ; Magnesium/blood/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood/urine ; Phosphorus/blood/urine ; Triglycerides/blood/urine ; Urolithiasis/*blood/complications/diagnosis/*urine ; },
abstract = {The clinical and laboratory findings in 78 patients with various forms of urolithiasis depending on the presence of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) were analyzed. PHPT was diagnosed in 17 patients. Group "without PHPT" and group "with PHPT" differed significantly in terms of parathyroid hormone (PTH) level, serum calcium, phosphorus, chloride, alkaline phosphatase, calciuria and kaliuria. In patients with staghorn calculi, PHPT was diagnosed in 12.5%, and staghorn calculi in the presence of PHPT were identified in 17.7% of cases. Hypercalciuria in the group "with PHPT" was detected in 82.4% of patients (all 3 patients with staghorn calculi), and in the group "without PHPT"--in 18% of patients (2 of 21 patients with staghorn calculi). Hyperoxaluria was observed in 42.3% of patients "without PHPT" and in 35.3% of patients "with PHPT", in 36.8% of patients with simple stones and in 57.2%--with staghorn calculi. In 39% of patients "without PHPT", secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) was diagnosed. SHPT prevalence was 28% in patients with staghorn calculi, and 45% in patients with simple stones. In 87.5% of patients with hypomagnesemia, staghorn calculi were observed. Significant relationship between magnesium and triglycerides (r(s) = -0.296; P = 0.041), and magnesium and high-density lipoproteins (r(s) = 0.339; P = 0.032) in all patients with urolithiasis were revealed. Thus, the study found no association between staghorn nephrolithiasis and PHPT. Elevated PTH levels usually indicate SHPT rather than PHPT. In hypocalcemia, there was more strong association between PTH and calcium, in normocalcaemia--between PTH and magnesium.},
}
@article {pmid26955544,
year = {2014},
author = {Grases, F and Costa-Bauzá, A and Prieto, RM and Servera, A},
title = {Internalization of Calcium Oxalate Calculi Developed in Narrow Cavities.},
journal = {Urology case reports},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {51-53},
pmid = {26955544},
issn = {2214-4420},
abstract = {We describe the case of a patient with calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate calculi occluded in cavities. All those calculi were located inside narrow cavities covered with a thin epithelium that permits their visualization. Urinary biochemical analysis showed high calciuria, not hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia, and a ratio [calcium]/[citrate] >0.33. The existence of cavities of very low urodynamic efficacy was decisive in the formation of such calculi. It is important to emphasize that we observed a thin epithelium covering such cavities, demonstrating that this epithelium may be formed after the development of the calculi through a re-epithelialization process.},
}
@article {pmid24519664,
year = {2014},
author = {Escribano, J and Balaguer, A and Roqué i Figuls, M and Feliu, A and Ferre, N},
title = {Dietary interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews},
volume = {},
number = {2},
pages = {CD006022},
doi = {10.1002/14651858.CD006022.pub4},
pmid = {24519664},
issn = {1469-493X},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Diet, Protein-Restricted ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/complications/*diet therapy ; Hyperoxaluria/prevention &amp; control ; Nephrolithiasis/*diet therapy/prevention &amp; control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Idiopathic hypercalciuria is an inherited metabolic abnormality that is characterised by excessive amounts of calcium excreted in the urine by people whose calcium serum levels are normal. Morbidity associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria is chiefly related to kidney stone disease and bone demineralisation leading to osteopenia and osteoporosis. Idiopathic hypercalciuria contributes to kidney stone disease at all life stages; people with the condition are prone to developing oxalate and calcium phosphate kidney stones. In some cases, crystallised calcium can be deposited in the renal interstitium, causing increased calcium levels in the kidneys. In children, idiopathic hypercalciuria can cause a range of comorbidities including recurrent macroscopic or microscopic haematuria, frequency dysuria syndrome, urinary tract infections and abdominal and lumbar pain. Various dietary interventions have been described that aim to decrease urinary calcium levels or urinary crystallisation.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to assess the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of dietary interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria (urolithiasis and osteopenia) in adults and children, and to assess the benefits of dietary interventions in decreasing urological symptomatology in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria.<br><br>SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register (23 April 2013) through contact with the Trials' Search Co-ordinator using search terms relevant to this review. Studies contained in the Specialised Register are identified through search strategies specifically designed for CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE.<br><br>SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs that investigated dietary interventions aimed at preventing complications of idiopathic hypercalciuria, compared with placebo, no intervention, or other dietary interventions regardless of route of administration, dose or amount.<br><br>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Studies were assessed for inclusion and data extracted using a standardised data extraction form. We calculated risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MD) for continuous outcomes, both with 95% confidence intervals (CI).<br><br>MAIN RESULTS: We included five studies (379 adult participants) that investigated a range of interventions. Lack of similarity among interventions investigated meant that data could not be pooled. Overall, study methodology was not adequately reported in any of the included studies. There was a high risk of bias associated with blinding (although it seems unlikely that outcomes measures were unduly influenced by lack of intervention blinding), random sequence generation and allocation methodologies were unclear in most studies, but selective reporting bias was assessed as low.One study (120 participants) compared a low calcium diet with a normal calcium, low protein, low salt diet for five years. There was a significant decrease in numbers of new stone recurrences in those treated with the normal calcium, low protein, low salt diet (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.98). This diet also led to a significant decrease in oxaluria (MD 78.00 &#xb5;mol/d, 95% CI 26.48 to 129.52) and the calcium oxalate relative supersaturation index (MD 1.20 95% CI 0.21 to 2.19).One study (210 participants) compared a low salt, normal calcium diet with a broad diet for three months. The low salt, normal calcium diet decreased urinary calcium (MD -45.00 mg/d, 95% CI -74.83 to -15.17) and oxalate excretion (MD -4.00 mg/d, 95% CI -6.44 to -1.56).A small study (17 participants) compared the effect of dietary fibre as part of a low calcium, low oxalate diet over three weeks, and found that although calciuria levels decreased, oxaluria increased. Phyllanthus niruri plant substrate intake was investigated in a small subgroup with hypercalciuria (20 participants); there was no significant effect on calciuria levels occurred after three months of treatment.A small cross-over study (12 participants) evaluating the changes in urinary supersaturation indices among patients who consumed calcium-fortified orange juice or milk for one month found no benefits for participants.None of the studies reported any significant adverse effects associated with the interventions.<br><br>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Long-term adherence (five years) to diets that feature normal levels of calcium, low protein and low salt may reduce numbers of stone recurrences, decrease oxaluria and calcium oxalate relative supersaturation indexes in people with idiopathic hypercalciuria who experience recurrent kidney stones. Adherence to a low salt, normal calcium level diet for some months can reduce calciuria and oxaluria. However, the other dietary interventions examined did not demonstrate evidence of significant beneficial effects.No studies were found investigating the effect of dietary recommendations on other clinical complications or asymptomatic idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid24470067,
year = {2014},
author = {Smith, SM and Zwart, SR and Heer, M and Hudson, EK and Shackelford, L and Morgan, JL},
title = {Men and women in space: bone loss and kidney stone risk after long-duration spaceflight.},
journal = {Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research},
volume = {29},
number = {7},
pages = {1639-1645},
doi = {10.1002/jbmr.2185},
pmid = {24470067},
issn = {1523-4681},
mesh = {Biomarkers/metabolism ; Bone Density ; Bone Resorption/*complications/*etiology/physiopathology/urine ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Extraterrestrial Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/*etiology/physiopathology/urine ; Male ; Risk Factors ; *Space Flight ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Bone loss, a key concern for long-duration space travelers, is typically considered a female issue. The number of women who have flown long-duration space missions is now great enough to allow a quantitative comparison of changes in bone and renal stone risk by sex. Participants were 42 astronauts (33 men and 9 women) on long-duration missions to the International Space Station. Bone mineral density (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and biochemical markers of bone metabolism (from blood and urine samples) were evaluated before and after flight. Data were analyzed in two groups, based on available resistance exercise equipment. Missions were 49 to 215 days in duration, flown between 2000 and 2012. The bone density response to spaceflight was the same for men and women in both exercise groups. The bone mineral density response to flight was the same for men and women, and the typical decrease in bone mineral density (whole body and/or regional) after flight was not observed for either sex for those using an advanced resistive exercise device. Biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption responded similarly in male and female astronauts. The response of urinary supersaturation risk to spaceflight was not significantly different between men and women, although risks were typically increased after flight in both groups, and risks were greater in men than in women before and after flight. The responses of men and women to spaceflight with respect to these measures of bone health were not different.},
}
@article {pmid24423579,
year = {2014},
author = {Nouvenne, A and Ticinesi, A and Allegri, F and Guerra, A and Guida, L and Morelli, I and Borghi, L and Meschi, T},
title = {Twenty-five years of idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis: has anything changed?.},
journal = {Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine},
volume = {52},
number = {3},
pages = {337-344},
doi = {10.1515/cclm-2013-0618},
pmid = {24423579},
issn = {1437-4331},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Internet ; Italy/epidemiology ; Kidney Calculi/*epidemiology/*metabolism/urine ; Life Style ; Male ; Risk ; Sex Factors ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis (ICN) is a disease whose prevalence is rising. Our aim was to assess whether lifestyle indicators and habits of calcium stone formers in Italy have changed over the last 25 years, trying to establish a connection with the diffusion of Internet access. Therefore we examined the database of the Stone Clinic of Parma University Hospital and extracted 1952 (1192 M, 760 F) patients with ICN who underwent a full clinical and laboratory evaluation from 1986 to 2010. Laboratory evaluation included data on urinary 24-h volume, pH, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, uric acid, magnesium, oxalate, and citrate. Patients were split in three groups on a chronological basis, according to official EUROSTAT-ISTAT data of Internet connection among families in Italy: Group 1, pre-Internet era (1986-1998, 853 patients); Group 2, narrow-band era (1999-2004, 467 patients); Group 3, broad-band era (2005-2010, 632 patients). Over the time we found a significant increase in water intake (1.37 vs. 1.78 L in men and 1.21 vs. 1.55 L in women, Group 1 vs. Group 3, p-trend<0.001) and a decrease in urinary sodium and chloride for both genders and calcium and magnesium only for males, while females experienced a slight increase in oxalate excretion. Supersaturation indexes for calcium and uric acid stones dramatically fell for both genders. The percentage of stone formers performing physical activity significantly rise (41% Group 3 vs. 8% Group 1, p<0.001) and we also found a trend of reduction in mean blood pressure. Therefore, the lifestyle of Italian idiopathic calcium stone formers has changed over the last 25 years, and the rising Internet access may have played a great role in driving this change.},
}
@article {pmid24296906,
year = {2014},
author = {Shakhssalim, N and Basiri, A and Houshmand, M and Pakmanesh, H and Golestan, B and Azadvari, M and Aryan, H and Kashi, AH},
title = {Genetic polymorphisms in calcitonin receptor gene and risk for recurrent kidney calcium stone disease.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {92},
number = {3},
pages = {356-362},
doi = {10.1159/000353348},
pmid = {24296906},
issn = {1423-0399},
mesh = {3' Untranslated Regions ; Adult ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Introns ; Iran ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Calcitonin/*genetics ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In this study the full sequence of the calcitonin receptor gene (CALCR) in a group of Iranian males suffering from recurrent calcium urinary stones was compared with that of a control group.<br><br>METHODS: Serum and urinary biochemistry related to urolithiasis were evaluated in 105 males diagnosed with recurrent kidney calcium stones and 101 age-matched healthy control males. The polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism method was used to detect new polymorphisms in the CALCR.<br><br>RESULTS: Nine polymorphisms were detected; seven were in the non-coding and two in the coding region. The T allele associated with the 3'UTR+18C>T polymorphism was observed exclusively in the stone formers. The exact odds ratio for the T allele in this locus for those at risk of stone formation was 36.72 (95% CI 4.95-272.0) (p < 0.001). The mean (standard deviation) urine calcium concentration was 117 (60) mg/l in patients with the C allele and 152 (72) mg/l in those with the T allele (p = 0.03). In addition, IVS1-6T>C and IVS1insA polymorphisms in intron 1 were associated with kidney stone disease (p < 0.001). Regarding single nucleotide polymorphism 447, mean (standard deviation) of serum calcitonin levels were 16.7 (18.7) pg/ml, 10.5 (11.0) pg/ml and 9.94 (9.7) pg/ml in subjects with TT, TC and CC genotypes, respectively (p = 0.01).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our data indicate a potential association between 3'UTR+18C>T and intron 1 polymorphisms in the CALCR and the risk of kidney stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid24218227,
year = {2013},
author = {Panhwar, AH and Kazi, TG and Afridi, HI and Shaikh, HR and Arain, SA and Arain, SS and Brahman, KD},
title = {Evaluation of calcium and magnesium in scalp hair samples of population consuming different drinking water: risk of kidney stone.},
journal = {Biological trace element research},
volume = {156},
number = {1-3},
pages = {67-73},
doi = {10.1007/s12011-013-9850-1},
pmid = {24218227},
issn = {1559-0720},
mesh = {Adult ; *Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/analysis/metabolism ; *Drinking Water/adverse effects/analysis ; Female ; Hair/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi/etiology/metabolism ; *Magnesium/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/analysis/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Scalp/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in underground water (UGW), bottled mineral water (BMW), and domestic treated water (DTW) with related to risk of kidney stones. The water samples were collected from different areas of Sindh, Pakistan. The scalp hair samples of both genders, age ranged 30-60 years, consuming different types of water, have or have not kidney disorders, were selected. The Ca and Mg concentrations were determined in scalp hair of study subjects and water by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The Ca and Mg contents in different types of drinking water, UGW, DTW, and BMW, were found in the range of 79.1-466, 23.7-140, and 45-270 mg/L and 4.43-125, 5.23-39.6, and 7.16-51.3 mg/L, respectively. It was observed that Ca concentration in the scalp hair samples of kidney stone patients consuming different types of drinking water was found to be higher (2,895-4721 μg/g) while Mg level (84.3-101 μg/g) was lower as compare to referents subjects (2,490-2,730 μg/g for Ca, 107-128 μg/g for Mg) in both genders. The positive correlation was found between Ca and Mg levels in water with related to kidney stone formations in population, especially who consumed underground water. A relative risk and odd ratio were calculated; the relative risk had a strong positive association with incidence of kidney stone which depends on types of drinking water.},
}
@article {pmid24218027,
year = {2014},
author = {Walker, V and Cook, P and Griffin, DG},
title = {Male hypercalciuric stone formers with low renal calcium reabsorption.},
journal = {Journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {67},
number = {4},
pages = {355-360},
doi = {10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201879},
pmid = {24218027},
issn = {1472-4146},
mesh = {Absorption ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Cohort Studies ; Creatinine/*urine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demography ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*urine ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Urolithiasis/*urine ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {AIMS: Hypercalciuria is a common poorly understood abnormality among stone formers. We aimed to identify hypercalciuric male stone formers with a primary defect in renal calcium reabsorption and to look for associated risk factors.<br><br>METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional database study of 623 male idiopathic calcium stone formers with normal plasma ultrafilterable calcium levels attending the Southampton stone clinic. Filtered calcium was estimated from plasma ultrafilterable calcium (60% of total plasma calcium) and 24 h creatinine clearance. Reabsorbed calcium was the difference between filtered and excreted calcium.<br><br>RESULTS: 276 men had hypercalciuria (urine calcium >7.50 mmol/24 h); 347 had normocalciuria. Hypercalciuric men filtered more calcium than normocalciuric men: median values 247 and 227 mmol/24 h, but the ranges overlapped (175-371 and 153-316 mmol/24 h). However, across the entire filtration range, hypercalciuric men reabsorbed less of the filtered calcium. Among the hypercalciuric men, we noticed differences between those with high and low filtration. We therefore compared data for hypercalciuric men in the highest and lowest filtration quintiles (n=55). Men with high filtration were younger at their first stone episode and had significantly higher plasma ultrafilterable calcium and calcium reabsorption, urinary calcium, oxalate, urate and creatinine excretion and creatinine clearance. 35% with high filtration and 40% with low filtration had recurrent stones; 27% and 20%, respectively, had an affected first-degree relative.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Hypercalciuric men reabsorbed proportionately less filtered calcium than normocalciuric men. Among hypercalciuric men, the risks for stones were higher in those with a high than a low filtered calcium load and presentation was earlier.},
}
@article {pmid24190699,
year = {2014},
author = {Liu, W and Chen, M and Li, M and Ma, H and Tong, S and Lei, Y and Qi, L},
title = {Vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms and the urolithiasis risk: an updated meta-analysis based on 20 case-control studies.},
journal = {Urolithiasis},
volume = {42},
number = {1},
pages = {45-52},
pmid = {24190699},
issn = {2194-7236},
mesh = {Case-Control Studies ; Confidence Intervals ; Female ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Odds Ratio ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics ; Risk Factors ; Urolithiasis/*genetics ; },
abstract = {Vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a key role in calcium metabolism, and is closely related to urinary stone formation (urolithiasis). Previous studies have investigated the associations between VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (polymorphisms at BsmI, ApaI, FokI, or TaqI cutting sites) and urolithiasis in different populations. However, the results remain inconsistent and controversial. Therefore, meta-analysis was performed to evaluate these associations. Twenty studies that investigated the associations between VDR SNPs and urolithiasis were retrieved. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated under the most appropriate genetic model. The TaqI polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis (tt + Tt vs. TT: OR = 1.253; 95% CI = 1.033-1.520, p = 0.022, I(2) = 0), whereas the ApaI, BsmI, and FokI polymorphisms were not. Stratifying for ethnicity, a slightly increased risk was found among Asians as compared to Whites (OR 1.263, 1.232, respectively, p < 0.01). Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was the major source of heterogeneity. In summary, this updated meta-analysis suggests the TaqI polymorphism is associated with urolithiasis risk, whereas BsmI, ApaI, and FokI polymorphisms are not.},
}
@article {pmid24094983,
year = {2013},
author = {Chen, Q and Zhang, Y and Tong, M and Wu, M and Snowise, S and Stone, P and Chamley, LW},
title = {Pre-treatment with calcium prevents endothelial cell activation induced by multiple activators, necrotic trophoblastic debris or IL-6 or preeclamptic sera: possible relevance to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.},
journal = {Placenta},
volume = {34},
number = {12},
pages = {1196-1201},
doi = {10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.014},
pmid = {24094983},
issn = {1532-3102},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/therapeutic use ; *Cell Communication ; Cell Line ; Cell-Free System ; Dietary Supplements ; Endothelium, Vascular/immunology/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6/blood/genetics/*metabolism ; Necrosis ; Osmolar Concentration ; Placenta/blood supply/immunology/*metabolism/pathology ; Placental Circulation ; Pre-Eclampsia/immunology/*metabolism/pathology/prevention &amp; control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: A hallmark of preeclampsia is endothelial cell dysfunction/activation in response to "toxins" from the placenta. Necrotic trophoblastic debris (NTD) is one possible placental toxin and others include inflammatory cytokines. Calcium supplementation appears to protect "at-risk" women from developing preeclampsia by an unknown mechanism. In this study we investigate whether the addition of high levels of calcium to endothelial cells prior to their exposure to the preeclampsia-associated activators could reduce the endothelial cell activation.<br><br>METHODS: NTD was harvested from 1st trimester placental explants. Endothelial cells were treated with varied concentrations of calcium prior to exposure to NTD, IL-6 or preeclamptic sera or low levels of calcium. Activation was monitored by quantifying endothelial cell-surface ICAM-1 by ELISA or U937 adhesion to endothelial cells. The activity of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthetase was blocked with L-NAME.<br><br>RESULTS: Pre-treatment with increasing concentrations of calcium inhibited the activation of endothelial cells in response to NTD or IL-6 or preeclamptic sera. Inhibiting nitric oxide synthetase, using L-NAME, reduced the ability of high calcium levels to protect endothelial cell activation. Pre-treatment with calcium did not prevent endothelial cell activation induced by the reduction of the levels of calcium but additional calcium treatment did prevent endothelial cell activation induced by low calcium.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate calcium supplementation may prevent the activation of the endothelium in response to activators. These results may partially explain the benefits of calcium supplementation in the reduction of risk for developing preeclampsia and provide in&#xa0;vitro mechanistic support for the use of calcium supplementation in at-risk women.},
}
@article {pmid23953243,
year = {2014},
author = {Kirejczyk, JK and Porowski, T and Filonowicz, R and Kazberuk, A and Stefanowicz, M and Wasilewska, A and Debek, W},
title = {An association between kidney stone composition and urinary metabolic disturbances in children.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric urology},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {130-135},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpurol.2013.07.010},
pmid = {23953243},
issn = {1873-4898},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium Oxalate/analysis ; Calcium Phosphates/analysis ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/*chemistry ; Magnesium Compounds/analysis ; Male ; Phosphates/analysis ; Risk Factors ; Struvite ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine kidney stone composition in children and to correlate stone fractions with urinary pH and metabolic urinary risk factors.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 135 pediatric patients with upper urinary tract lithiasis in whom excreted or extracted stones were available for analyses. Composition of stones was analyzed. A 24-hour urine assessment included volume, pH and daily excretions of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, cystine, creatinine, phosphate, magnesium and citrate.<br><br>RESULTS: Calcium oxalate was the major component of 73% stones, followed by struvite (13%) and calcium phosphate (9%). Uric acid was present in almost half of stones, but in rudimentary amounts. The calcium oxalate content in calculi showed a strong relationship with calciuria, and moderate association with oxaluria, magnesuria and acidification of urine. The percent content of struvite presented reverse and lower correlations with regard to the above parameters. Calcium phosphate stone proportion had low associations with urinary risk factors.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Calciuria, oxaluria, magnesuria and low urine pH exerted the biggest influence on calcium oxalate content in pediatric renal stones. Relationships of urinary risk factors with calculi calcium phosphate content were of unclear significance. Urinary citrate excretion did not significantly correlate with kidney stone composition in children.},
}
@article {pmid23859700,
year = {2013},
author = {Boyd, AS},
title = {Sialolith of a minor salivary gland.},
journal = {Journal of cutaneous pathology},
volume = {40},
number = {8},
pages = {695-698},
doi = {10.1111/cup.12191},
pmid = {23859700},
issn = {1600-0560},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Salivary Ducts/metabolism/*pathology ; Salivary Gland Calculi/metabolism/*pathology ; Salivary Glands, Minor/metabolism/*pathology ; },
}
@article {pmid23822977,
year = {2013},
author = {Chen, Q and Tong, M and Wu, M and Stone, PR and Snowise, S and Chamley, LW},
title = {Calcium supplementation prevents endothelial cell activation: possible relevance to preeclampsia.},
journal = {Journal of hypertension},
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {1828-1836},
doi = {10.1097/HJH.0b013e328362ba1a},
pmid = {23822977},
issn = {1473-5598},
mesh = {Calcium/*administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Culture Media ; Dietary Supplements ; Endothelial Cells/cytology/*drug effects ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-6/pharmacology ; Microcirculation ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology ; Necrosis ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism ; Placenta/metabolism ; Pre-Eclampsia/*metabolism/*pathology ; Pregnancy ; Trophoblasts/metabolism ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. A hallmark of preeclampsia is endothelial cell dysfunction/activation in response to 'toxins' from the placenta. Necrotic trophoblastic debris (NTD) is one possible placental toxin and other activators of endothelial cells include inflammatory cytokines. Calcium supplementation appears to protect 'at-risk' women from developing preeclampsia but how is unclear.<br><br>METHODS: Placental explants were cultured with interleukin-6 (IL-6) in varied concentrations of calcium. The resultant trophoblastic debris was exposed to endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were exposed to activators including NTD, IL-6, and preeclamptic sera in the presence of varied concentrations of calcium and activation monitored by quantifying cell surface markers by ELISA.<br><br>RESULTS: Raising the levels of calcium did not prevent the IL-6-induced shedding of NTD from placental explants but did prevent the activation of endothelial cells in response to IL-6, preeclamptic sera, or NTD. Reducing the level of calcium directly induced the activation of endothelial cells. Inhibiting nitric oxide synthetase ablated the ability of high calcium levels to protect endothelial cell activation. The activity of endothelial cell nitric oxide synthetase was blocked with L-N-nitroarginine methyl ester.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate calcium levels do not affect the shedding of trophoblastic debris but are important to endothelial cell activation and supplemental calcium may reverse the activation of the endothelium in preeclamptic women. These results may in part explain the benefits of calcium supplementation in the reduction of risk for developing preeclampsia and provide in-vitro mechanistic support for the use of calcium supplementation in at-risk women.},
}
@article {pmid23816746,
year = {2013},
author = {Joshi, A and Gupta, SK and Srivastava, A},
title = {Metabolic evaluation in first-time renal stone formers in North India: a single center study.},
journal = {Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia},
volume = {24},
number = {4},
pages = {838-843},
doi = {10.4103/1319-2442.113916},
pmid = {23816746},
issn = {1319-2442},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {The risk of stone recurrence in first-time stone formers (FTSF) varies from 26% to 53%. There is no consensus regarding metabolic evaluation in these individuals. We evaluated the metabolic abnormalities in first-time renal stone forming patients in North India. Thirty-nine patients, (29 males and 10 females with mean age 39.3 ± 12.9 years) who presented with nephrolithiasis for the first time were evaluated. We evaluated the calcium homeostasis [serum corrected total calcium, phosphorous, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, parathormone (iPTH), 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol (25(OH)D 3), 1-25 di-hydroxy cholecalciferol (1,25(OH) 2 D 3)] and performed the calcium load test also. Two 24-h urine collections were taken for citrate, oxalate, calcium and uric acid. Ammonium chloride loading test for diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis was performed in all patients. For each of the diagnostic categories, descriptive statistics were computed for all biochemical variables. A two-tailed P-value <0.05 was regarded as significant. Metabolic abnormalities were detected in 92.3% of the patients (n = 39) studied. Of them, almost 60% had two or more metabolic abnormalities. The most common metabolic abnormality was hypo-citraturia (82%), followed by hyper-oxaluria (56%) and hyper-calciuria (41%). Five percent of the patients had incomplete renal tubular acidosis, signifying the importance of the ammonium chloride loading test in patients with renal stones. None of the study patients were detected to have primary hyperparathyroidism. In three patients, the etiology could not be detected. Our findings suggest that an underlying disorder is present in majority of first-time renal stone formers. Intervention with appropriate treatment can prevent recurrences. Hence, comprehensive metabolic evaluation is recommended in all FTSF.},
}
@article {pmid23792498,
year = {2013},
author = {Seager, CM and Srinivas, TR and Flechner, SM},
title = {Development of nephrolithiasis in a renal transplant patient during treatment with Cinacalcet.},
journal = {Annals of transplantation},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {31-35},
doi = {10.12659/AOT.883809},
pmid = {23792498},
issn = {2329-0358},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcimimetic Agents/*adverse effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cinacalcet ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/drug therapy/etiology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications/metabolism/surgery ; Kidney Transplantation/*adverse effects ; Male ; Naphthalenes/*adverse effects ; Nephrolithiasis/diagnostic imaging/*etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Secondary hyperparathyroidism often accompanies chronic kidney disease, which can result in severe bone abnormalities and nephrolithiasis. Renal transplantation can correct the mineral abnormalities associated with chronic kidney disease, but one year after transplantation many recipients continue to exhibit persistent hyperparathyroidism.<br><br>CASE REPORT: Cinacalcet, a second-generation calcimimetic, has been shown to be effective in decreasing serum calcium levels in post kidney transplant patients with hyperparathyroidism. However a question remains whether patients with hyperparathyroidism who take Cinacalcet may be at increased risk of renal calcium deposits due to hypercalciuria and subsequent renal transplant dysfunction. We report the first well-documented case in which Cinacalcet contributed to the development of new renal calculi in a post-transplant patient with hyperparathyroidism (PTH 346 pg/mL), hypercalcemia (11.3 mg/dL), and good renal function (1.45 mg/dL). Interval imaging tracks the new onset of renal allograft stone formation after initiating Cinacalcet up to 60mg daily, which was accompanied by persistent hypercalciuria (478.2 mg/24 hours). The nephrolithiases resolved after discontinuing Cinacalcet and a subtotal parathyroidectomy.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This case supports the interval monitoring of urinary calcium excretion and imaging of the transplanted kidney for those recipients treated with Cinacalcet for hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation.},
}
@article {pmid23739765,
year = {2013},
author = {Tang, J and Chonchol, MB},
title = {Vitamin D and kidney stone disease.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {383-389},
doi = {10.1097/MNH.0b013e328360bbcd},
pmid = {23739765},
issn = {1473-6543},
support = {1R01DK081473-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; 1R01DK094796/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Dietary Supplements/adverse effects ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kidney/*drug effects/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/genetics/*metabolism ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin D/adverse effects/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Vitamin D Deficiency/*drug therapy/epidemiology/metabolism ; Vitamins/adverse effects/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Vitamin D is important in maintaining calcium homeostasis, but its role in kidney stone disease and its effect on stone formation are still not clear.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Kidney stone formers tend to experience enhanced intestinal calcium absorption, increased urinary calcium excretion, and excessive bone mineral loss. Although direct actions of active vitamin D have been implicated in all these processes, the effect of nutritional vitamin D (vitamin D2 or vitamin D3) use on calcium balance among stone formers is still not clear. In addition, the safety of nutritional vitamin D use in the stone forming population is also not established, considering the potential effect of its use on raising urinary calcium. However, most of the observational studies do not support a significant association between higher nutritional vitamin D store and increased risk of stone formation. Short-term nutritional vitamin D repletion in stone formers with vitamin D deficiency also does not appear to increase urinary calcium excretion.<br><br>SUMMARY: The effect of nutritional vitamin D use in stone formers is still not clear. As vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among stone formers, future prospective studies are needed to establish the biological effect, as well as the safety and efficacy of nutritional vitamin D therapy in this unique patient population.},
}
@article {pmid23674806,
year = {2013},
author = {Weaver, CM},
title = {Potassium and health.},
journal = {Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {368S-77S},
pmid = {23674806},
issn = {2156-5376},
mesh = {Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism ; Diet ; Humans ; Hypertension/*metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/metabolism ; Osteoporosis/*metabolism ; Potassium, Dietary/*metabolism ; Sodium, Dietary/metabolism ; Stroke/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Potassium was identified as a shortfall nutrient by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 Advisory Committee. The committee concluded that there was a moderate body of evidence of the association between potassium intake and blood pressure reduction in adults, which in turn influences the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease. Evidence is also accumulating of the protective effect of adequate dietary potassium on age-related bone loss and reduction of kidney stones. These benefits depend on organic anions associated with potassium as occurs in foods such as fruits and vegetables, in contrast to similar blood pressure-lowering benefits of potassium chloride. Benefits to blood pressure and bone health may occur at levels below current recommendations for potassium intake, especially from diet, but dose-response trials are needed to confirm this. Nevertheless, intakes considerably above current levels are needed for optimal health, and studies evaluating small increases in fruit and vegetable intake on bone and heart outcomes for short periods have had disappointing results. In modern societies, Western diets have led to a decrease in potassium intake with reduced consumption of fruits and vegetables with a concomitant increase in sodium consumption through increased consumption of processed foods. Consumption of white vegetables is associated with decreased risk of stroke, possibly related to their high potassium content. Potatoes are the highest source of dietary potassium, but the addition of salt should be limited. Low potassium-to-sodium intake ratios are more strongly related to cardiovascular disease risk than either nutrient alone. This relationship deserves further attention for multiple target tissue endpoints.},
}
@article {pmid23666418,
year = {2013},
author = {Wolf, M and Bushinsky, DA},
title = {Innovations in bones and stones.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {369-370},
doi = {10.1097/MNH.0b013e3283622bd4},
pmid = {23666418},
issn = {1473-6543},
mesh = {Animals ; *Bone Remodeling/drug effects ; Bone and Bones/drug effects/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/epidemiology/*metabolism ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; Vitamin D Deficiency/drug therapy/metabolism ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid23595293,
year = {2013},
author = {Rendina, D and De Filippo, G and De Pascale, F and Zampa, G and Muscariello, R and De Palma, D and Ippolito, R and Strazzullo, P},
title = {The changing profile of patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and the ascendancy of overweight and obesity: a comparison of two patient series observed 25 years apart.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {28 Suppl 4},
number = {},
pages = {iv146-51},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/gft076},
pmid = {23595293},
issn = {1460-2385},
mesh = {Adult ; Biomarkers/*metabolism ; Body Mass Index ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nephrolithiasis/*etiology/*metabolism/pathology ; Obesity/*complications ; Overweight/*complications ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data indicate an increasing incidence and prevalence of nephrolithiasis (NL) worldwide in the last few decades.<br><br>METHODS: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and biochemical profiles of recurrent stone formers referred to a Kidney Stone Centre from March 1983 to June 1986 with the one featured by patients seen 25 years later in the same geographical area, Campania, southern Italy.<br><br>RESULTS: Idiopathic calcium stone formers made up the large majority of the patient population in both series. Those examined in 2008-11 showed higher age at the onset of NL, higher prevalence of overweight/obesity and higher urinary excretion of oxalate and phosphate compared with those seen in 1983-86. The differences in the urinary biochemical variables remained significant upon accounting for age, gender, creatinine clearance and body mass index (BMI), and were not observed in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism enrolled in the same periods. A greater prevalence of uric acid stone formers was also observed in the 2008-11 population.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The massive epidemics of overweight/obesity and the substantial modifications of dietary habits over the last few decades in most Western countries may be the factors underlying the changing clinical and biochemical profiles of patients with recurrent NL.},
}
@article {pmid25167315,
year = {2013},
author = {Sun, B and Duclos, G and Stone, HA},
title = {Network characteristics of collective chemosensing.},
journal = {Physical review letters},
volume = {110},
number = {15},
pages = {158103},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.158103},
pmid = {25167315},
issn = {1079-7114},
mesh = {Adenosine Triphosphate/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Communication/*drug effects/physiology ; Fibroblasts/*cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Gap Junctions/drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; *Models, Biological ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Poisson Distribution ; },
abstract = {The collective chemosensing of nonexcitable mammalian cells involves a biochemical network that features gap junction communications and heterogeneous single cell activities. To understand the integrated multicellular chemosensing, we study the calcium dynamics of micropatterned fibroblast cell colonies in response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulation. We find that the cross-correlation function between the responses of individual cells decays with topological distance as a power law for large colonies and much faster for smaller colonies. Furthermore, the strongly correlated cell pairs tend to form clusters and are more likely to exceed the percolation threshold. At a given topological distance, the cross-correlations exhibit characteristics of Poisson distributions, which allows us to estimate the unitary conductance of a single gap junction which is in good agreement with direct experimental measurements.},
}
@article {pmid23527052,
year = {2013},
author = {Zachariou, M and Alexander, SP and Coombes, S and Christodoulou, C},
title = {A biophysical model of endocannabinoid-mediated short term depression in hippocampal inhibition.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {e58926},
pmid = {23527052},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Algorithms ; Benzoxazines/pharmacology ; Biological Transport ; Calcium/metabolism ; Computer Simulation ; Depression/*metabolism ; Endocannabinoids/agonists/*metabolism ; Hippocampus/*metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Neurological ; Morpholines/pharmacology ; Naphthalenes/pharmacology ; *Neural Inhibition/drug effects ; Neurons/physiology ; Reproducibility of Results ; Signal Transduction ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Memories are believed to be represented in the synaptic pathways of vastly interconnected networks of neurons. The plasticity of synapses, that is, their strengthening and weakening depending on neuronal activity, is believed to be the basis of learning and establishing memories. An increasing number of studies indicate that endocannabinoids have a widespread action on brain function through modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. Recent experimental studies have characterised the role of endocannabinoids in mediating both short- and long-term synaptic plasticity in various brain regions including the hippocampus, a brain region strongly associated with cognitive functions, such as learning and memory. Here, we present a biophysically plausible model of cannabinoid retrograde signalling at the synaptic level and investigate how this signalling mediates depolarisation induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), a prominent form of short-term synaptic depression in inhibitory transmission in hippocampus. The model successfully captures many of the key characteristics of DSI in the hippocampus, as observed experimentally, with a minimal yet sufficient mathematical description of the major signalling molecules and cascades involved. More specifically, this model serves as a framework to test hypotheses on the factors determining the variability of DSI and investigate under which conditions it can be evoked. The model reveals the frequency and duration bands in which the post-synaptic cell can be sufficiently stimulated to elicit DSI. Moreover, the model provides key insights on how the state of the inhibitory cell modulates DSI according to its firing rate and relative timing to the post-synaptic activation. Thus, it provides concrete suggestions to further investigate experimentally how DSI modulates and is modulated by neuronal activity in the brain. Importantly, this model serves as a stepping stone for future deciphering of the role of endocannabinoids in synaptic transmission as a feedback mechanism both at synaptic and network level.},
}
@article {pmid23526577,
year = {2013},
author = {Arrabal-Polo, MA and Arrabal-Martin, M and Arias-Santiago, S},
title = {Bone and metabolic markers in women with recurrent calcium stones.},
journal = {Korean journal of urology},
volume = {54},
number = {3},
pages = {177-182},
pmid = {23526577},
issn = {2005-6737},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The target of our work was to study several biochemical parameters in phospho-calcic and bone metabolism in blood and urine and the bone mineral density of women with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with a control group of 85 women divided into 3 groups: group 1 consisted of 25 women without a history of nephrolithiasis, group 2 consisted of 35 women with only one episode of calcium nephrolithiasis, and group 3 consisted of 25 women with a history of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. Blood and urine biochemical study was performed, including markers related to lithiasis, and a bone mineral density study was done by use of bone densitometry.<br><br>RESULTS: Patients in group 3 showed statistically significantly elevated calciuria (15.4 mg/dL), fasting calcium/creatinine ratio (0.14), and 24-hour calcium/creatinine ratio (0.21) compared with groups 1 and 2. Moreover, this group of women with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis had significantly elevated values of beta-crosslaps, a bone resorption marker, compared with groups 1 and 2 (p=0.000) and showed more bone mineral density loss than did these groups.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis in women has a significant association with bone mineral density loss and with values of calciuria, both fasting and 24-hour.},
}
@article {pmid23507173,
year = {2013},
author = {Whisner, CM and Martin, BR and Schoterman, MH and Nakatsu, CH and McCabe, LD and McCabe, GP and Wastney, ME and van den Heuvel, EG and Weaver, CM},
title = {Galacto-oligosaccharides increase calcium absorption and gut bifidobacteria in young girls: a double-blind cross-over trial.},
journal = {The British journal of nutrition},
volume = {110},
number = {7},
pages = {1292-1303},
doi = {10.1017/S000711451300055X},
pmid = {23507173},
issn = {1475-2662},
mesh = {Adolescent ; *Bifidobacterium ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/*metabolism/urine ; Child ; Double-Blind Method ; Feces/*microbiology ; Female ; Galactose/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines/*microbiology ; Oligosaccharides/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Adolescence is a time for rapid growth that represents an opportunity to influence peak bone mass. Prebiotic agents, such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), increase Ca absorption in animal models and postmenopausal women. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the dose-response relationship of GOS supplementation on Ca absorption during growth and to assess changes in colonic microbiota to better understand the mechanism by which GOS is acting. A total of thirty-one healthy adolescent girls aged 10-13 years consumed smoothie drinks twice daily with 0, 2·5 or 5 g GOS for three 3-week periods in a random order. Fractional Ca absorption was determined from urinary Ca excretion over 48 h at the end of each 3-week period using a dual stable isotope method. Faecal microbiota and bifidobacteria were assessed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR. Fractional Ca absorption after the 48 h treatment with control, 5 and 10 g GOS/d was 0·393 (SD 0·092), 0·444 (SD 0·086) and 0·419 (SD 0·099), respectively. Significant improvements in Ca absorption were seen with both low and high doses of GOS compared with the control (P,0·02), but itwas not a dose-response relationship. The increase in absorption was greatest in the urine collected after 24 h, which is consistent with lower gut absorption. Faecal bifidobacteria increased (control 10·89 (SD 13·86), 5 g GOS 22·80 (SD 15·74) and 10 g GOS 11·54 (SD 14·20)) with the GOS treatment (P,0·03). The results suggest that daily consumption of 5 g GOS increases Ca absorption, which may be mediated by the gut microbiota, specifically bifidobacteria.},
}
@article {pmid23495759,
year = {2013},
author = {Leani, JJ and Sánchez, HJ and Valentinuzzi, MC and Pérez, C and Grenón, MC},
title = {Qualitative microanalysis of calcium local structure in tooth layers by means of micro-RRS.},
journal = {Journal of microscopy},
volume = {250},
number = {2},
pages = {111-115},
doi = {10.1111/jmi.12026},
pmid = {23495759},
issn = {1365-2818},
mesh = {Calcium/*chemistry/metabolism ; Dental Calculus/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Dental Enamel/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Dentin/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Fourier Analysis ; Humans ; Oxidation-Reduction ; *Software ; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission/instrumentation/methods ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/instrumentation/*methods ; Synchrotrons ; X-Rays ; },
abstract = {The Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering or resonant Raman scattering is an inelastic process of second order that becomes important when the energy of the excitation radiation is below but close to an absorption edge. In this process, the emitted photons have a continuous energy distribution with a high energy cut-off limit. In the last few years, experiments of resonant Raman scattering has become a very powerful technique to investigate excitations of electrons in solids. A qualitative study of the calcium local structure in the different layers of teeth was carried out. In order to perform the analysis, several measurements of tooth samples were achieved using monochromatic synchrotron radiation at the XRF station of the D09B-XRF beamline at the Brazilian synchrotron facility (LNLS, Campinas), below and close to the K absorption edge of Ca to inspect the resonant Raman scattering spectra. First of all, the spectra were analyzed with specific software to fit the experimental data. After that, the residuals were determined and a fast Fourier transform smoothing procedure was applied, taking into account the instrument functions of the detecting system. These oscillations present patterns that depend of the tooth layer, i.e. of the calcium state.},
}
@article {pmid23411066,
year = {2013},
author = {Arrabal-Polo, M&#xc1; and Sierra Girón-Prieto, M and Orgaz-Molina, J and Zuluaga-Gómez, A and Arias-Santiago, S and Arrabal-Martín, M},
title = {Calcium renal lithiasis and bone mineral density. Importance of bone metabolism in urinary lithiasis.},
journal = {Actas urologicas espanolas},
volume = {37},
number = {6},
pages = {362-367},
doi = {10.1016/j.acuro.2012.10.003},
pmid = {23411066},
issn = {1699-7980},
mesh = {Biomarkers ; *Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism ; Bone Resorption/metabolism ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Creatinine/blood ; Fasting/blood ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications/congenital/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Minerals/metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/etiology/*metabolism ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: Calcium Nephrolithiasis is a multifactorial disease; in its pathophysiology is involved various minerals and metabolic factors that may be altered, including bone and phosphor-calcium metabolism.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To establish the scientific evidence and demonstrate the relationship between calcium nephrolithiasis and bone mineral density loss, through the use of bone turnover markers, serum and urinary metabolites.<br><br>EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We performed a PubMed literature review using different MeSH Terms like "Nephrolithiasis", "Bone mineral density", "Urinary stones", "Calcium", Bone resorption" and "Bone formation", with different combinations. We only selected articles with abstracts in English or Spanish and discarded clinical cases and articles with inappropriate statistical study. A total of 40 articles were selected.<br><br>EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: In different studies reviewed have been observed that patients with hypercalciuria have a higher bone mineral density loss with respect to normocalciuric. Among patients with calcium stones (normocalciuric or hypercalciuric), there is loss of bone mineral density, being more evident in patients with stones and hypercalciuria. This mineral density loss is marked and important in patients with recurrent calcium stones. Increased markers like fasting calcium/creatinine and &#x3b2;-CrossLaps are determinant of nephrolithiasis and mineral density loss in these patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We recommend perform markers of bone turnover and fasting calcium/creatinine in patients with recurrent calcium stones by the significant presence of bone mineral density loss, with a level of evidence III.},
}
@article {pmid23408426,
year = {2013},
author = {Tan, JHY and Ludeman, JP and Wedderburn, J and Canals, M and Hall, P and Butler, SJ and Taleski, D and Christopoulos, A and Hickey, MJ and Payne, RJ and Stone, MJ},
title = {Tyrosine sulfation of chemokine receptor CCR2 enhances interactions with both monomeric and dimeric forms of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1).},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {288},
number = {14},
pages = {10024-10034},
pmid = {23408426},
issn = {1083-351X},
mesh = {Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chemokine CCL2/*metabolism ; Dimerization ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Peptides/chemistry ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Binding ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptors, CCR2/*chemistry/physiology ; Sulfur/chemistry ; Tyrosine/*chemistry ; },
abstract = {Chemokine receptors are commonly post-translationally sulfated on tyrosine residues in their N-terminal regions, the initial site of binding to chemokine ligands. We have investigated the effect of tyrosine sulfation of the chemokine receptor CCR2 on its interactions with the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2). Inhibition of CCR2 sulfation, by growth of expressing cells in the presence of sodium chlorate, significantly reduced the potency for MCP-1 activation of CCR2. MCP-1 exists in equilibrium between monomeric and dimeric forms. The obligate monomeric mutant MCP-1(P8A) was similar to wild type MCP-1 in its ability to induce leukocyte recruitment in vivo, whereas the obligate dimeric mutant MCP-1(T10C) was less effective at inducing leukocyte recruitment in vivo. In two-dimensional NMR experiments, sulfated peptides derived from the N-terminal region of CCR2 bound to both the monomeric and dimeric forms of wild type MCP-1 and shifted the equilibrium to favor the monomeric form. Similarly, MCP-1(P8A) bound more tightly than MCP-1(T10C) to the CCR2-derived sulfopeptides. NMR chemical shift mapping using the MCP-1 mutants showed that the sulfated N-terminal region of CCR2 binds to the same region (N-loop and β3-strand) of both monomeric and dimeric MCP-1 but that binding to the dimeric form also influences the environment of chemokine N-terminal residues, which are involved in dimer formation. We conclude that interaction with the sulfated N terminus of CCR2 destabilizes the dimerization interface of inactive dimeric MCP-1, thus inducing dissociation to the active monomeric state.},
}
@article {pmid23392537,
year = {2013},
author = {Trinchieri, A},
title = {Diet and renal stone formation.},
journal = {Minerva medica},
volume = {104},
number = {1},
pages = {41-54},
pmid = {23392537},
issn = {0026-4806},
mesh = {Acids/metabolism ; Beverages ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; *Diet ; Dietary Proteins/administration &amp; dosage ; Drinking Water/administration &amp; dosage ; Fruit ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Oxalates/administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; Patient Education as Topic ; Secondary Prevention ; Sodium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; Vegetables ; },
abstract = {The relationship between diet and the formation of renal stones is demonstrated, but restrictive diets do not take into account the complexity of metabolism and the complex mechanisms that regulate the saturation and crystallization processes in the urine. The restriction of dietary calcium can reduce the urinary excretion of calcium but severe dietary restriction of calcium causes hyperoxaluria and a progressive loss of bone mineral component. Furthermore urinary calcium excretion is influenced by other nutrients than calcium as sodium, potassium, protein and refined carbohydrates. Up to 40% of the daily excretion of oxalate in the urine is from dietary source, but oxalate absorption in the intestine depends linearly on the concomitant dietary intake of calcium and is influenced by the bacterial degradation by several bacterial species of intestinal flora. A more rational approach should be based on the cumulative effects of foods and different dietary patterns on urinary saturation rather than on the effect of single nutrients. A diet based on a adequate intake of calcium (1000-1200 mg per day) and containment of animal protein and salt can decrease significantly urinary supersaturation for calcium oxalate and reduce the relative risk of stone recurrence in hypercalciuric renal stone formers. The DASH-style diet that is high in fruits and vegetables, moderate in low-fat dairy products and low in animal proteins and salt is associated with a lower relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate and a marked decrease in risk of incident stone formation. All the diets above mentioned have as a common characteristic the reduction of the potential acid load of the diet that can be correlated with a higher risk of recurrent nephrolithiasis, because the acid load of diet is inversely related to urinary citrate excretion. The restriction of protein and salt with an adequate calcium intake seem to be advisable but should be implemented with the advice to increase the intake of vegetables that can carry a plentiful supply of alkali that counteract the acid load coming from animal protein. New prospective studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the diet for the prevention of renal stones should be oriented to simple dietary advices that should be focused on a few specific goals easily controlled by means of self-evaluation tools, such as the LAKE food screener.},
}
@article {pmid23377289,
year = {2013},
author = {Porowski, T and Kirejczyk, JK and Konstantynowicz, J and Kazberuk, A and Plonski, G and Wasilewska, A and Laube, N},
title = {Correspondence between Ca[2+] and calciuria, citrate level and pH of urine in pediatric urolithiasis.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {28},
number = {7},
pages = {1079-1084},
pmid = {23377289},
issn = {1432-198X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Biomarkers/urine ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Citrate/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypercalciuria/complications/diagnosis/*urine ; Male ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Risk Factors ; Urolithiasis/diagnosis/etiology/*urine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia are considered the most important risk factors for urolithiasis. Citrate binds to urinary calcium to form a soluble complex which decreases the availability of ionized calcium (Ca(2+)) necessary for calcium oxalate formation and phosphate crystallization. The aims of this study were to assess the Ca(2+) fraction in relation to total calciuria, citraturia and urinary pH and to determine whether urinary Ca(2+) concentration is a helpful biomarker in metabolic evaluation of children with urolithiasis.<br><br>METHODS: We collected 24-h urine samples from 123 stone-forming children and adolescents with hypocitraturia and from 424 healthy controls. Total calciuria (total calcium, Catotal), Ca(2+), pH, citrate, oxalate and Bonn Risk Index (BRI) were assessed and compared between the two groups.<br><br>RESULTS: Total calciuria and Ca(2+) content were higher in stone-formers than in the healthy children. In both stone-formers and controls, Ca(2+) content was inversely related to citraturia and urinary pH, whereas the Ca(2+)/Catotal ratio differed slightly between the groups. A large variability in Ca(2+) level was found across individuals in both groups. The BRI increased with increasing calciuria and urine acidity.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Compared to controls, stone-formers with hypocitraturia demonstrated a higher urinary Ca(2+) concentration, but this was proportional to calciuria. The large individual variability in urinary Ca(2+) content limits its practical use in metabolic evaluation of children with urolithiasis. However, the Ca/Citrate ratio may be a useful clinical tool in evaluating children with urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid23375914,
year = {2013},
author = {Arrabal-Polo, MA and Arias-Santiago, S and de Haro-Muñoz, T and Lopez-Ruiz, A and Orgaz-Molina, J and Gonzalez-Torres, S and Zuluaga-Gomez, A and Arrabal-Martin, M},
title = {Effects of aminobisphosphonates and thiazides in patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis, hypercalciuria, and recurring renal calcium lithiasis.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {81},
number = {4},
pages = {731-737},
doi = {10.1016/j.urology.2012.12.013},
pmid = {23375914},
issn = {1527-9995},
mesh = {Alendronate/*therapeutic use ; Bone Density ; Bone Density Conservation Agents/*therapeutic use ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/*drug therapy ; Calcium/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/therapeutic use ; Hypercalciuria/*drug therapy ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithiasis/*drug therapy ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of aminobisphosphonates and thiazides on renal lithogenic activity and bone mineral density in patients with recurring renal calcium lithiasis.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study with 3 years of clinical follow-up data was performed. The study included 2 groups of patients with recurring calcium lithiasis, hypercalciuria, and bone mineral density loss. Group 1 included 35 patients who underwent treatment with 70 mg/wk alendronate. Group 2 included 35 patients who underwent treatment with 50 mg/d hydrochlothiazide and 70&#xa0;mg/wk alendronate. Biochemical analysis was performed at baseline, 6 months, and 2 years, bone densitometry at baseline and 2 years, and clinical follow-up during the 3 years of treatment. The biochemical variables from the blood and urine samples, recurrent lithiasis, and bone mineral density were analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: Age, sex, baseline biochemical markers, and bone density showed no differences between the 2&#xa0;treatment groups at the onset of treatment. After 2 years of treatment, group 1 showed a significant decrease in bone turnover markers and calciuria and significant improvement in bone mineral density. After 2 years of treatment, group 2 showed a decrease in calciuria and bone markers. At 2 years, the decrease in calciuria and the improvement in bone mineral density were greater in group 2 than in group 1, and the difference was statistically significant.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Aminobisphosphonates improve bone mineral density and slow lithogenic activity; however, administration of aminobisphosphonates in association with thiazides produced the same clinical effects and also reduced calciuria and improved bone mineral density.},
}
@article {pmid23275617,
year = {2013},
author = {Michael, ES and Kuliopulos, A and Covic, L and Steer, ML and Perides, G},
title = {Pharmacological inhibition of PAR2 with the pepducin P2pal-18S protects mice against acute experimental biliary pancreatitis.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology},
volume = {304},
number = {5},
pages = {G516-26},
pmid = {23275617},
issn = {1522-1547},
support = {R01 DK091327/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01-HL-64701/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01-CA-104406/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01-DK-091327/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Acinar Cells/drug effects ; Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Biliary Tract Diseases/*prevention &amp; control ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling/drug effects ; Ceruletide/pharmacology ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Chymotrypsinogen/metabolism ; Coloring Agents ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Enzyme Precursors/metabolism ; Gallstones/prevention &amp; control ; Indicators and Reagents ; Lipopeptides/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Pancreatitis/*prevention &amp; control ; Propidium ; Receptor, PAR-2/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Trypsinogen/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Pancreatic acinar cells express proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) that is activated by trypsin-like serine proteases and has been shown to exert model-specific effects on the severity of experimental pancreatitis, i.e., PAR2(-/-) mice are protected from experimental acute biliary pancreatitis but develop more severe secretagogue-induced pancreatitis. P2pal-18S is a novel pepducin lipopeptide that targets and inhibits PAR2. In studies monitoring PAR2-stimulated intracellular Ca(2+) concentration changes, we show that P2pal-18S is a full PAR2 inhibitor in acinar cells. Our in vivo studies show that P2pal-18S significantly reduces the severity of experimental biliary pancreatitis induced by retrograde intraductal bile acid infusion, which mimics injury induced by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This reduction in pancreatitis severity is observed when the pepducin is given before or 2 h after bile acid infusion but not when it is given 5 h after bile acid infusion. Conversely, P2pal-18S increases the severity of secretagogue-induced pancreatitis. In vitro studies indicate that P2pal-18S protects acinar cells against bile acid-induced injury/death, but it does not alter bile acid-induced intracellular zymogen activation. These studies are the first to report the effects of an effective PAR2 pharmacological inhibitor on pancreatic acinar cells and on the severity of experimental pancreatitis. They raise the possibility that a pepducin such as P2pal-18S might prove useful in the clinical management of patients at risk for developing severe biliary pancreatitis such as occurs following ERCP.},
}
@article {pmid23247537,
year = {2013},
author = {Krieger, NS and Bushinsky, DA},
title = {The relation between bone and stone formation.},
journal = {Calcified tissue international},
volume = {93},
number = {4},
pages = {374-381},
pmid = {23247537},
issn = {1432-0827},
support = {R01 AR046289/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK075462/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK 75462/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; AR 46289/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Absorption ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Resorption ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; Nephrolithiasis/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria is the most common metabolic abnormality found in patients with calcium-containing kidney stones. Patients with hypercalciuria often excrete more calcium than they absorb, indicating a net loss of total-body calcium. The source of this additional urinary calcium is almost certainly the skeleton, the largest repository of calcium in the body. Hypercalciuric stone formers exhibit decreased bone mineral density (BMD), which is correlated with the increase in urine calcium excretion. The decreased BMD also correlates with an increase in markers of bone turnover as well as increased fractures. In humans, it is difficult to determine the cause of the decreased BMD in hypercalciuric stone formers. To study the effect of hypercalciuria on bone, we utilized our genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rats, which were developed through successive inbreeding of the most hypercalciuric Sprague-Dawley rats. GHS rats excrete significantly more urinary calcium than similarly fed controls, and all the GHS rats form kidney stones while control rats do not. The hypercalciuria is due to a systemic dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, with increased intestinal calcium absorption, enhanced bone mineral resorption, and decreased renal tubule calcium reabsorption associated with an increase in vitamin D receptors in all these target tissues. We recently found that GHS rats fed an ample calcium diet have reduced BMD and that their bones are more fracture-prone, indicating an intrinsic disorder of bone not secondary to diet. Using this model, we should better understand the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria and stone formation in humans to ultimately improve the bone health of patients with kidney stones.},
}
@article {pmid23199000,
year = {2012},
author = {Yatabe, MS and Yatabe, J and Takano, K and Murakami, Y and Sakuta, R and Abe, S and Sanada, H and Kimura, J and Watanabe, T},
title = {Effects of a high-sodium diet on renal tubule Ca2+ transporter and claudin expression in Wistar-Kyoto rats.},
journal = {BMC nephrology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {160},
pmid = {23199000},
issn = {1471-2369},
mesh = {Animals ; Calbindin 1 ; Calbindins ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Channels/*biosynthesis ; Claudin-2/*biosynthesis ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Kidney Tubules/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/*biosynthesis ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/*biosynthesis ; TRPV Cation Channels/*biosynthesis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Urinary Ca2+ excretion increases with dietary NaCl. NaCl-induced calciuria may be associated with hypertension, urinary stone formation and osteoporosis, but its mechanism and long-term effects are not fully understood. This study examined alterations in the expressions of renal Ca2+ transporters, channels and claudins upon salt loading to better understand the mechanism of salt-induced urinary Ca2+ loss.<br><br>METHODS: Eight-week old Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed either 0.3% or 8% NaCl diet for 8 weeks. Renal cortical expressions of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1), Ca2+ pump (PCMA1b), Ca2+ channel (TRPV5), calbindin-D28k, and claudins (CLDN-2, -7, -8, -16 and -19) were analyzed by quantitative PCR, western blot and/or immunohistochemistry.<br><br>RESULTS: Fractional excretion of Ca2+ increased 6.0 fold with high-salt diet. Renal cortical claudin-2 protein decreased by approximately 20% with decreased immunological staining on tissue sections. Claudin-16 and -19 expressions were not altered. Renal cortical TRPV5, calbindin-D28k and NCX1 expressions increased 1.6, 1.5 and 1.2 fold, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Chronic high-salt diet decreased claudin-2 protein and increased renal TRPV5, calbindin-D28k, and NCX1. Salt loading is known to reduce the proximal tubular reabsorption of both Na+ and Ca2+. The reduction in claudin-2 protein expression may be partly responsible for the reduced Ca2+ reabsorption in this segment. The concerted upregulation of more distal Ca2+-transporting molecules may be a physiological response to curtail the loss of Ca2+, although the magnitude of compensation does not seem adequate to bring the urinary Ca2+ excretion down to that of the normal-diet group.},
}
@article {pmid23180343,
year = {2013},
author = {Hou, J},
title = {The role of claudin in hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Current urology reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {5-12},
pmid = {23180343},
issn = {1534-6285},
support = {P30 DK079333/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK084059/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01DK084059/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Claudins/genetics/*physiology ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/genetics/*metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/genetics/*metabolism ; Nephrons/*metabolism/physiology ; },
abstract = {Calcium nephrolithiasis is a common condition. Family-based genetic linkage studies and genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have uncovered a run of important candidate genes involved in renal Ca(++) disorders and kidney stone diseases. The susceptible genes include NKCC2, ROMK and ClCkb/Barttin that underlie renal salt excretion; claudin-14, -16 and -19 that underlie renal Ca(++) excretion; and CaSR that provides a sensing mechanism for the kidney to regulate salt, water and Ca(++) homeostasis. Biological and physiological analyses have revealed the cellular mechanism for transepithelial Ca(++) transport in the kidney that depends on the concerted action of these gene products. Although the individual pathogenic weight of the susceptible genes in nephrolithiasis remains unclear, perturbation of their expression or function compromises the different steps within the integrated pathway for Ca(++) reabsorption, providing a physiological basis for diagnosing and managing kidney stone diseases.},
}
@article {pmid23177631,
year = {2013},
author = {Goldfarb, DS and Arowojolu, O},
title = {Metabolic evaluation of first-time and recurrent stone formers.},
journal = {The Urologic clinics of North America},
volume = {40},
number = {1},
pages = {13-20},
pmid = {23177631},
issn = {1558-318X},
support = {T32 GM007308/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; U54-DK08390/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Citric Acid/*metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {Evaluation of stone formers should include careful attention to medications, past medical history, social history, family history, dietary evaluation, occupation, and laboratory evaluation. Laboratory evaluation requires at least serum chemistries and urinalysis. Twenty-four-hour urine collections are most appropriate for patients with recurrent stones or complex medical histories. However, these collections may be appropriate for some first-time stone formers, including those with comorbidities or large stones. Although twin studies demonstrate that heritability accounts for at least 50% of the kidney stone phenotype, the responsible genes are not clearly identified, and so genetic testing is rarely indicated.},
}
@article {pmid23054957,
year = {2012},
author = {Ryan, LE and Ing, SW},
title = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria and bone health.},
journal = {Current osteoporosis reports},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {286-295},
pmid = {23054957},
issn = {1544-2241},
mesh = {Bone Density ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy/metabolism ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology/metabolism ; Osteoporosis/diagnosis/drug therapy/*etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Calcium is an important participant in many physiologic processes including coagulation, cell membrane transfer, hormone release, neuromuscular activation, and myocardial contraction. The body cooperates in a sophisticated web of hormonally mediated interactions to maintain stable extracellular calcium levels. Calcium is vital for skeletal mineralization, and perturbations in extracellular calcium may be corrected at the expense of bone strength and integrity. The aim of this review is to delineate our current understanding of idiopathic hypercalciuria in the context of bone health, specifically its definition, etiology, epidemiology, laboratory evaluation, and potential therapeutic management.},
}
@article {pmid22778254,
year = {2012},
author = {Bandyopadhyay, BC and Swaim, WD and Sarkar, A and Liu, X and Ambudkar, IS},
title = {Extracellular Ca(2+) sensing in salivary ductal cells.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {287},
number = {36},
pages = {30305-30316},
pmid = {22778254},
issn = {1083-351X},
support = {R03 DE019524/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States ; /ImNIH/Intramural NIH HHS/United States ; DE 019524/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Biological Transport/genetics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Male ; Mice ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics/*metabolism ; Salivary Duct Calculi/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Salivary Ducts/*metabolism/pathology ; TRPC Cation Channels/genetics/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Ca(2+) is secreted from the salivary acinar cells as an ionic constituent of primary saliva. Ions such as Na(+) and Cl(-) get reabsorbed whereas primary saliva flows through the salivary ductal system. Although earlier studies have shown that salivary [Ca(2+)] decreases as it flows down the ductal tree into the oral cavity, ductal reabsorption of Ca(2+) remains enigmatic. Here we report a potential role for the G protein-coupled receptor, calcium-sensing receptor (CSR), in the regulation of Ca(2+) reabsorption by salivary gland ducts. Our data show that CSR is present in the apical region of ductal cells where it is co-localized with transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3). CSR is activated in isolated salivary gland ducts as well as a ductal cell line (SMIE) by altering extracellular [Ca(2+)] or by aromatic amino acid, L-phenylalanine (L-Phe, endogenous component of saliva), as well as neomycin. CSR activation leads to Ca(2+) influx that, in polarized cells grown on a filter support, is initiated in the luminal region. We show that TRPC3 contributes to Ca(2+) entry triggered by CSR activation. Further, stimulation of CSR in SMIE cells enhances the CSR-TRPC3 association as well as surface expression of TRPC3. Together our findings suggest that CSR could serve as a Ca(2+) sensor in the luminal membrane of salivary gland ducts and regulate reabsorption of [Ca(2+)] from the saliva via TRPC3, thus contributing to maintenance of salivary [Ca(2+)]. CSR could therefore be a potentially important protective mechanism against formation of salivary gland stones (sialolithiasis) and infection (sialoadenitis).},
}
@article {pmid22757744,
year = {2013},
author = {Arrabal-Polo, MA and Arrabal-Martin, M and Arias-Santiago, S and Garrido-Gomez, J and Poyatos-Andujar, A and Zuluaga-Gomez, A},
title = {Importance of citrate and the calcium : citrate ratio in patients with calcium renal lithiasis and severe lithogenesis.},
journal = {BJU international},
volume = {111},
number = {4},
pages = {622-627},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11292.x},
pmid = {22757744},
issn = {1464-410X},
mesh = {Adult ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Bone Density ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calculi/*chemistry ; Citric Acid/metabolism/*urine ; Confidence Intervals ; Creatinine/urine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Decalcification, Pathologic/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Nephrolithiasis/diagnosis/*epidemiology/*urine ; Odds Ratio ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Risk Assessment ; Severity of Illness Index ; Spain ; Urinalysis ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Different studies have shown the importance of citrate in the formation of calcium stones. It has further been shown that the states of metabolic acidosis result in an increase in bone resorption and lower urinary citrate levels. Increasing the intake of citrate in these patients can reduce the lithogenic risk and improve bone mineral density (BMD), contributing to control of both diseases. The study shows the importance of citrate in patients with calcium stones and BMD loss. The deficit in citrate excretion is associated with a decrease in bone mineralization and increased β-crosslaps. A calcium : citrate ratio >0.25 in patients with calcium stones and loss of mineral density may predict severe lithogenic activity.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To analyse the importance of urinary citrate and the urinary calcium : citrate ratio in patients with calcium renal lithiasis and severe lithogenesis compared with a control group of patients without lithiasis.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 115 patients in eastern Andalusia, Spain was conducted. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A: 56 patients aged 25-60 years without calcium renal lithiasis; Group B: 59 patients aged 25-60 years, presenting with calcium renal lithiasis and severe lithogenesis. The citrate levels and the calcium : citrate ratio in the patients' urine and the relationship of these two factors to lithiasic activity were analysed and compared.<br><br>RESULTS: In Group B, 32.2% of the patients presented with hypocitraturia, compared with 14.3% of the patients in Group A (P = 0.02). The urinary citrate levels were lower in Group B than in Group A (P = 0.001) and the calcium : citrate ratio was higher in Group B than in Group A (P = 0.005). The results suggest that a patient urinary calcium : citrate ratio > 0.25 indicates severe lithogenesis (with a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 57%). After linear regression analysis, we found that the urinary citrate level is an independent factor associated with the changes in bone densitometry T-score values of patients.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The patients with severe lithogenesis presented with hypocitraturia, which was associated with lower bone mineral density. The calcium : citrate ratio, which is linearly related to the bone resorption marker &#x3b2;-crosslaps, could be useful in evaluating the risk of severe lithogenesis when this ratio is >0.25.},
}
@article {pmid22732341,
year = {2012},
author = {Cupisti, A and Farnesi, I and Armillotta, N and Francesca, F},
title = {Staghorn cystine stone in a 72-year-old recurrent calcium stone former.},
journal = {Clinical nephrology},
volume = {78},
number = {1},
pages = {76-80},
doi = {10.5414/cn107046},
pmid = {22732341},
issn = {0301-0430},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cystine/*metabolism ; Cystinuria/*complications/diagnosis/genetics/metabolism/therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*etiology/metabolism/therapy ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Recurrence ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {This case deals with the first diagnosis of Type B cystinuria with cystine nephrolithiasis in a 72-year-old male. Cystinuria is an inherited disease that consists of congenital abnormalities of renal and intestinal transport of dibasic amino acids. It often leads to frequent recurrent stone formation. Cystine stones most frequently occur in the 1st through 3rd decades of life with a decreased incidence in old age. This case shows that the first diagnosis of cystinuria may be made even in the 8th decade, without any family history, and in a patient with a history of recurrent calcium stone disease. Therefore, the chance of cystinuria must be always considered, even in older calcium stone formers.},
}
@article {pmid22649959,
year = {2012},
author = {Trinchieri, A},
title = {Development of a rapid food screener to assess the potential renal acid load of diet in renal stone formers (LAKE score).},
journal = {Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica},
volume = {84},
number = {1},
pages = {36-38},
pmid = {22649959},
issn = {1124-3562},
mesh = {Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Acids/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diet Surveys ; *Energy Intake ; *Food Analysis ; Humans ; *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Italy ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/diet therapy/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Sampling Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires/standards ; Urban Population ; },
abstract = {AIM OF THE STUDY: The potential renal acid load of foods (PRAL) has been proposed as a causative factor of renal stone format ion in patients with calcium stones. Evaluation of the dietary PRAL seems to be advisable to evaluate the lithogenic potential of the diet of the individual patient.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: On the basis of a dietary questionnaire administered to a sample of 75 renal stone formers living in the urban area of Milan (Northern Italy), we selected the most frequently reported foods for each of 11 categories: grains, meats, cured meats, eggs, cheeses, legumes, potatoes, vegetables, fruit and juices, milk and dairies and bread. The PRAL per 100 g of each food was calculated considering its mineral and protein composition, the mean intestinal absorption rate for each nutrient and the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. The PRAL/100 g of each main food category was then calculated considering the frequency of the most represented (up to six) foods in the respective food group and the PRAL/100 g of each food. Subsequently the PRAL/100 g value for each main food category was adjusted for the standard serving size. Finally, according to the value of the adjusted PRAL value a score was assigned to each group of foods and named as LAKE (Load of Acid to Kidney Evaluation) score.<br><br>RESULTS: The scores computed for grains, meats, cured meats, eggs, cheeses, legumes,potatoes, vegetables, fruit &amp; juices, milk &amp; dairies and bread were +2, +10, +6, +4, +10, -2, -10, -10, -10, +1 and +1, respectively. Two report forms were designed to allow a rapid collection of data about the intake of each food group. Time requested for filling the forms and to compute scores ranges from 2 to 4 minutes (report forms can be requested to a.trinchieri@ospedale.lecco.it).<br><br>CONCLUSION: LAKE score can be an useful and simple tool in order to evaluate the dietary PRAL and to suggest modifications to achieve its reduction for the prevention of calcium nephrolithiasis and other diseases.},
}
@article {pmid22640262,
year = {2012},
author = {Chutipongtanate, S and Fong-ngern, K and Peerapen, P and Thongboonkerd, V},
title = {High calcium enhances calcium oxalate crystal binding capacity of renal tubular cells via increased surface annexin A1 but impairs their proliferation and healing.},
journal = {Journal of proteome research},
volume = {11},
number = {7},
pages = {3650-3663},
doi = {10.1021/pr3000738},
pmid = {22640262},
issn = {1535-3907},
mesh = {Animals ; Annexin A1/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism/*physiology ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Cell Death ; Cell Movement ; *Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Dogs ; Kidney Tubules/*cytology ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Protein Interaction Maps ; Protein Transport ; Proteome/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria is associated with kidney stone formation and impaired renal function. However, responses of renal tubular cells upon exposure to high-calcium environment remain largely unknown. We thus performed a proteomic analysis of altered proteins in renal tubular cells induced by high-calcium and evaluated functional significance of these changes. MDCK cells were maintained with or without 20 mM CaCl(2) for 72 h. Cellular proteins were then analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) (n = 5 gels derived from 5 independent culture flasks per group). Spot matching and quantitative intensity analysis revealed 20 protein spots (from a total of 700) that were differentially expressed between the two groups. These altered proteins were then identified by Q-TOF-MS and MS/MS analyses, including those involved in calcium binding, protein synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, mitosis regulation, apoptosis, cell migration, oxidative stress, and ion transport. Protein network analysis and functional validation revealed that high-calcium-exposed cells had 36.5% increase in calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal-binding capacity. This functional change was consistent to the expression data in which annexin A1 (ANXA1), a membrane-associated calcium-binding protein, was markedly increased on the apical surface of high-calcium-exposed cells. Pretreatment with anti-ANXA1 antibody could neutralize this increasing crystal-binding capacity. Moreover, high-calcium exposure caused defects in cell proliferation and wound healing. These expression and functional data demonstrate the enhanced crystal-binding capacity but impaired cell proliferation and wound healing in renal tubular cells induced by high-calcium. Taken together, these phenomena may contribute, at least in part, to the pathogenic mechanisms of hypercalciuria-induced nephrolithiasis and impaired renal function. Our in vitro study offers several candidates for further targeted functional studies to confirm their relevance in hypercalciuria and kidney stone disease in vivo.},
}
@article {pmid22610870,
year = {2011},
author = {Gyawali, PR and Joshi, BR and Gurung, CK},
title = {Correlation of calcium, phosphorus, uric acid and magnesium level in serum and 24 hours urine of patients with urolithiasis.},
journal = {Kathmandu University medical journal (KUMJ)},
volume = {9},
number = {34},
pages = {54-56},
doi = {10.3126/kumj.v9i2.6289},
pmid = {22610870},
issn = {1812-2078},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Male ; Nepal/epidemiology ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; Urinalysis/*methods ; Urolithiasis/*blood/epidemiology/*urine ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: BAKCGROUND: Urinary stones disease is common pathology encountered in urological practice in Nepal. Supersaturated urine and its stagnation are well known facts for the development of urolithiasis. Metabolic disorders like hypercalciuria, hyperuricaemia, hypocitraturia are also responsible for formation of urolithiasis.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the level of calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, and magnesium in the blood and urine of Nepalese patients with urinary stones.<br><br>METHODS: This study was conducted over a period of six months (From May to November 2010). It is a descriptive cross sectional study and quantitative method was used for analysis. Primary data were collected and utilized from 79 cases.<br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence of urolithiasis in male patients was 65.8% and 34.2% in female patients (p less than 0.05). Serum calcium in stone former and non-stone former was 8.3+/-1.2 and 7.5+/-1.5 (p less than 0.01) respectively. Serum phosphorus and uric acid in both groups were statistically not significant (p value 0.269 and 0.597 respectively) though in 24 hours urine of stone formers value of phosphorus was 447.9+/-182.4 but in non-stone formers it was 186.5+/-118.7 (p less than 0.001). Magnesium level in urine was 48.1+/-69.7 and 131.4+/-86.9 (p less than 0.001) respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Higher level of calcium in serum was found in patients with urolithiasis in our population. Though phosphate level in blood serum was not different in the both groups but in urine phosphate and magnesium levels were significantly different.},
}
@article {pmid22566661,
year = {2012},
author = {Sun, B and Lembong, J and Normand, V and Rogers, M and Stone, HA},
title = {Spatial-temporal dynamics of collective chemosensing.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {109},
number = {20},
pages = {7753-7758},
pmid = {22566661},
issn = {1091-6490},
mesh = {Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Biological Clocks/physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Communication/*physiology ; Cell Count ; Fibroblasts/*metabolism ; Gap Junctions/*physiology ; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Mice ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; },
abstract = {Although the process of chemosensing by individual cells is intrisically stochastic, multicellular organisms exhibit highly regulated responses to external stimulations. Two key elements to understand the deterministic features of chemosensing are intercellular communications and the role of pacemaker cells. To characterize the collective behavior induced by these two factors, we study the spatial-temporal calcium dynamics of fibroblast cells in response to ATP stimulation. We find that closely packed cell colonies exhibit faster, more synchronized, and highly correlated responses compared to isolated cells. In addition, we demonstrate for chemosensing the existence of pacemaker cells and how the presence of gap junctions impact the first step of the collective response. By further comparing these results with the calcium dynamics of cells embedded in thin hydrogel films, where intercellular communication is only possible via diffusing molecules, we conclude that gap junctions are required for synchronized and highly correlated responses among cells in high density colonies. In addition, in high density cell colonies, both communication channels lead to calcium oscillations following the stimulation by external ATP. While the calcium oscillations associated with cells directly exposed to external flows were transient, the oscillations of hydrogel trapped cells can persist with a fundamental frequency and higher harmonics. Our observations and measurements highlight the crucial role of intercellular signaling for generating regulated spatial and temporal dynamics in cell colonies and tissues.},
}
@article {pmid22454531,
year = {2012},
author = {Oliveira, AG and Aquino, DJ and Mahecha, GA and Oliveira, CA},
title = {Involvement of the transepithelial calcium transport disruption and the formation of epididymal stones in roosters.},
journal = {Reproduction (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {143},
number = {6},
pages = {835-844},
doi = {10.1530/REP-12-0034},
pmid = {22454531},
issn = {1741-7899},
mesh = {Animals ; Biological Transport/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism/physiology ; Calcium Signaling/*physiology ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism/physiology ; *Chickens/metabolism/physiology ; Epididymis/*pathology ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism/physiology ; Poultry Diseases/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/metabolism/physiology ; TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism/physiology ; Urolithiasis/*etiology/metabolism/pathology/veterinary ; Urothelium/*metabolism/pathology ; },
abstract = {Epididymal lithiasis is a dysfunction of unknown origin characterized by the formation of calcium stones into the lumen of efferent ductules of roosters. Affected animals present an imbalance in the hormonal responsive systems that regulate the expression of proteins involved in the transepithelial calcium transport, as TRPV6, CaBP-D28K, NCX1, and PMCA. Because the efferent ductules are the major site of fluid and calcium reabsorption in excurrent ducts, it was hypothesized that impairment in local calcium homeostasis would lead to lithiasis. To test this hypothesis, we addressed the expression of these proteins in the epididymal region of affected animals. The present study focused on the investigation of the occurrence, tissue distribution, and physiological impact of the transepithelial calcium transport in roosters under normal and pathological conditions. The results showed that affected roosters presented a significant increase in TRPV6 and CaBP-D28k levels, whereas NCX1 and PMCA were not changed. Such alterations were more conspicuous in the proximal efferent ductules, in which was also observed accumulation of calcium within the epithelial cells. These findings provided the first evidences for the involvement of alteration in the expression of proteins essential for calcium reabsorption as a plausible mechanism for the formation of calcium stones within efferent ductules.},
}
@article {pmid22449672,
year = {2012},
author = {Yasuda, K and Sasaki, K and Yamato, M and Rakugi, H and Isaka, Y and Hayashi, T},
title = {A case of nephrocalcinosis associated with primary aldosteronism.},
journal = {Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {51},
number = {6},
pages = {625-627},
doi = {10.2169/internalmedicine.51.6543},
pmid = {22449672},
issn = {1349-7235},
mesh = {Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms/metabolism/surgery ; Adrenocortical Adenoma/metabolism/surgery ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism/*complications/diagnosis ; Hypertension/complications ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry ; Kidney Glomerulus/pathology ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/*etiology/pathology ; Nephrolithiasis/*etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {Herein, we report a 37-year-old man presenting with nephrocalcinosis associated with primary aldosteronism. Primary hyperaldosteronism is reported to facilitate urinary calcium excretion; however, renal calculi or calcinosis in this disorder has been rarely reported. The patient had renal dysfunction and calcification in the renal medulla on both kidneys. A kidney biopsy was performed. His renal dysfunction seemed to be mainly caused by hypertension and tubulointerstitial damage. Furthermore, von Kossa-positive stones were seen in some tubules. X-ray element analysis revealed that the stones were composed of calcium phosphate.},
}
@article {pmid22447589,
year = {2012},
author = {Rodriguez-Navarro, C and Jroundi, F and Schiro, M and Ruiz-Agudo, E and González-Muñoz, MT},
title = {Influence of substrate mineralogy on bacterial mineralization of calcium carbonate: implications for stone conservation.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {78},
number = {11},
pages = {4017-4029},
pmid = {22447589},
issn = {1098-5336},
mesh = {Bacteria/growth &amp; development/*metabolism ; Calcium/chemistry/metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/*metabolism ; Construction Materials/analysis/*microbiology ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Minerals/*chemistry/metabolism ; Myxococcus xanthus/growth &amp; development/metabolism ; Silicates/chemistry/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; X-Ray Diffraction ; },
abstract = {The influence of mineral substrate composition and structure on bacterial calcium carbonate productivity and polymorph selection was studied. Bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation occurred on calcitic (Iceland spar single crystals, marble, and porous limestone) and silicate (glass coverslips, porous sintered glass, and quartz sandstone) substrates following culturing in liquid medium (M-3P) inoculated with different types of bacteria (Myxococcus xanthus, Brevundimonas diminuta, and a carbonatogenic bacterial community isolated from porous calcarenite stone in a historical building) and direct application of sterile M-3P medium to limestone and sandstone with their own bacterial communities. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and 2-dimensional XRD (2D-XRD) analyses revealed that abundant highly oriented calcite crystals formed homoepitaxially on the calcitic substrates, irrespective of the bacterial type. Conversely, scattered spheroidal vaterite entombing bacterial cells formed on the silicate substrates. These results show that carbonate phase selection is not strain specific and that under equal culture conditions, the substrate type is the overruling factor for calcium carbonate polymorph selection. Furthermore, carbonate productivity is strongly dependent on the mineralogy of the substrate. Calcitic substrates offer a higher affinity for bacterial attachment than silicate substrates, thereby fostering bacterial growth and metabolic activity, resulting in higher production of calcium carbonate cement. Bacterial calcite grows coherently over the calcitic substrate and is therefore more chemically and mechanically stable than metastable vaterite, which formed incoherently on the silicate substrates. The implications of these results for technological applications of bacterial carbonatogenesis, including building stone conservation, are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid22427523,
year = {2012},
author = {Benoist, D and Stones, R and Drinkhill, MJ and Benson, AP and Yang, Z and Cassan, C and Gilbert, SH and Saint, DA and Cazorla, O and Steele, DS and Bernus, O and White, E},
title = {Cardiac arrhythmia mechanisms in rats with heart failure induced by pulmonary hypertension.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology},
volume = {302},
number = {11},
pages = {H2381-95},
pmid = {22427523},
issn = {1522-1539},
support = {G0701785/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; G0900524/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; G900524/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; RG/11/10/28924/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; PG/08/027/24774/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; G0701776/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Action Potentials/physiology ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac/*physiopathology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Failure/*etiology/*physiopathology ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/*complications ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/*physiopathology ; },
abstract = {Pulmonary hypertension provokes right heart failure and arrhythmias. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these arrhythmias is needed to facilitate new therapeutic approaches for the hypertensive, failing right ventricle (RV). The aim of our study was to identify the mechanisms generating arrhythmias in a model of RV failure induced by pulmonary hypertension. Rats were injected with monocrotaline to induce either RV hypertrophy or failure or with saline (control). ECGs were measured in conscious, unrestrained animals by telemetry. In isolated hearts, electrical activity was measured by optical mapping and myofiber orientation by diffusion tensor-MRI. Sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+) handling was studied in single myocytes. Compared with control animals, the T-wave of the ECG was prolonged and in three of seven heart failure animals, prominent T-wave alternans occurred. Discordant action potential (AP) alternans occurred in isolated failing hearts and Ca(2+) transient alternans in failing myocytes. In failing hearts, AP duration and dispersion were increased; conduction velocity and AP restitution were steeper. The latter was intrinsic to failing single myocytes. Failing hearts had greater fiber angle disarray; this correlated with AP duration. Failing myocytes had reduced sarco(endo)plasmic reticular Ca(2+)-ATPase activity, increased sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+)-release fraction, and increased Ca(2+) spark leak. In hypertrophied hearts and myocytes, dysfunctional adaptation had begun, but alternans did not develop. We conclude that increased electrical and structural heterogeneity and dysfunctional sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+) handling increased the probability of alternans, a proarrhythmic predictor of sudden cardiac death. These mechanisms are potential therapeutic targets for the correction of arrhythmias in hypertensive, failing RVs.},
}
@article {pmid22403735,
year = {2012},
author = {Procino, G and Mastrofrancesco, L and Tamma, G and Lasorsa, DR and Ranieri, M and Stringini, G and Emma, F and Svelto, M and Valenti, G},
title = {Calcium-sensing receptor and aquaporin 2 interplay in hypercalciuria-associated renal concentrating defect in humans. An in vivo and in vitro study.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e33145},
pmid = {22403735},
issn = {1932-6203},
support = {GGP04202/TI_/Telethon/Italy ; },
mesh = {Absorption/drug effects ; Animals ; Aquaporin 2/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/metabolism ; Child ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Diuresis/drug effects ; Extracellular Space/drug effects/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*metabolism/pathology ; Kidney/drug effects/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Osmolar Concentration ; Protein Transport/drug effects ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/agonists/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Time Factors ; Vasopressins/metabolism ; Water/metabolism ; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism ; },
abstract = {One mechanism proposed for reducing the risk of calcium renal stones is activation of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) on the apical membranes of collecting duct principal cells by high luminal calcium. This would reduce the abundance of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) and in turn the rate of water reabsorption. While evidence in cells and in hypercalciuric animal models supports this hypothesis, the relevance of the interplay between the CaR and AQP2 in humans is not clear. This paper reports for the first time a detailed correlation between urinary AQP2 excretion under acute vasopressin action (DDAVP treatment) in hypercalciuric subjects and in parallel analyzes AQP2-CaR crosstalk in a mouse collecting duct cell line (MCD4) expressing endogenous and functional CaR. In normocalciurics, DDAVP administration resulted in a significant increase in AQP2 excretion paralleled by an increase in urinary osmolality indicating a physiological response to DDAVP. In contrast, in hypercalciurics, baseline AQP2 excretion was high and did not significantly increase after DDAVP. Moreover DDAVP treatment was accompanied by a less pronounced increase in urinary osmolality. These data indicate reduced urinary concentrating ability in response to vasopressin in hypercalciurics. Consistent with these results, biotinylation experiments in MCD4 cells revealed that membrane AQP2 expression in unstimulated cells exposed to CaR agonists was higher than in control cells and did not increase significantly in response to short term exposure to forskolin (FK). Interestingly, we found that CaR activation by specific agonists reduced the increase in cAMP and prevented any reduction in Rho activity in response to FK, two crucial pathways for AQP2 translocation. These data support the hypothesis that CaR-AQP2 interplay represents an internal renal defense to mitigate the effects of hypercalciuria on the risk of calcium precipitation during antidiuresis. This mechanism and possibly reduced medulla tonicity may explain the lower concentrating ability observed in hypercalciuric patients.},
}
@article {pmid22361283,
year = {2012},
author = {Powers, JG and Gilchrest, BA},
title = {What you and your patients need to know about vitamin D.},
journal = {Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {2-10},
doi = {10.1016/j.sder.2011.11.008},
pmid = {22361283},
issn = {1558-0768},
mesh = {Age Factors ; Calcium/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Dietary Supplements ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Immunity ; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena ; Neoplasms/prevention &amp; control ; Nutrition Policy ; Prospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Sunlight ; Sunscreening Agents/pharmacology ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitamin D/blood/*physiology/therapeutic use ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications/therapy ; Vitamins/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {"Vitamin D" is the term commonly used to denote the lipid-soluble hormone critical for calcium homeostasis and skeletal maintenance. A precursor to the active compound is found in many plants and animal tissues and can be absorbed from the gut; it can also be derived from cell membranes in the epidermis during ultraviolet B irradiation. This compound is then hydroxylated sequentially in the liver and kidney to produce the active hormone 1,25(OH)(2)D that binds its nuclear receptor to modulate gene expression. Recently, vitamin D hydroxylases and the nuclear receptor have been identified in many tissues, suggesting previously unrecognized roles for vitamin D. Some epidemiologic studies have also correlated low levels of the inactive storage form 25(OH)D with an increased incidence or prevalence of a variety of diseases, suggesting that large oral supplements and/or increased ultraviolet (UV) exposure might therefore improve individual health. However, randomized, prospective controlled trials comparing vitamin D supplements with placebo have not supported this belief. Moreover, current evidence supports the conclusion that protection from UV radiation does not compromise vitamin D status or lead to iatrogenic disease. In contrast, high vitamin D levels appear to incur a risk of kidney stones and other adverse effects. In the case of true vitamin D deficiency, supplements are a more reliable and quantifiable source of the vitamin than UV exposure.},
}
@article {pmid22352355,
year = {2012},
author = {Rossi, F and Micheletti, E and Bruno, L and Adhikary, SP and Albertano, P and Philippis, RD},
title = {Characteristics and role of the exocellular polysaccharides produced by five cyanobacteria isolated from phototrophic biofilms growing on stone monuments.},
journal = {Biofouling},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {215-224},
doi = {10.1080/08927014.2012.663751},
pmid = {22352355},
issn = {1029-2454},
mesh = {Biofilms/*growth &amp; development ; *Biofouling ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chlorophyll/metabolism ; Chlorophyll A ; Cyanobacteria/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism/*physiology/radiation effects ; Ferrous Compounds/metabolism ; India ; Indoles/metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Minerals/metabolism ; Phenols/metabolism ; Phototrophic Processes ; Pigments, Biological/metabolism ; *Polysaccharides, Bacterial/chemistry/isolation &amp; purification/physiology ; Ultraviolet Rays ; },
abstract = {Three coccoid and two filamentous cyanobacterial strains were isolated from phototrophic biofilms exposed to intense solar radiation on lithic surfaces of the Parasurameswar Temple and Khandagiri caves, located in Orissa State, India. Based on to their morphological features, the three coccoid strains were assigned to the genera Gloeocapsosis and Gloeocapsa, while the two filamentous strains were assigned to the genera Leptolyngbya and Plectonema. Eleven to 12 neutral and acidic sugars were detected in the slime secreted by the five strains. The secretions showed a high affinity for bivalent metal cations, suggesting their ability to actively contribute to weakening the mineral substrata. The secretion of protective pigments in the polysaccharide layers, namely mycosporine amino acid-like substances (MAAs) and scytonemins, under exposure to UV radiation showed how the acclimation response contributes to the persistence of cyanobacteria on exposed lithoid surfaces in tropical areas.},
}
@article {pmid22341269,
year = {2012},
author = {Sorensen, MD and Eisner, BH and Stone, KL and Kahn, AJ and Lui, LY and Sadetsky, N and Stoller, ML},
title = {Impact of calcium intake and intestinal calcium absorption on kidney stones in older women: the study of osteoporotic fractures.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {187},
number = {4},
pages = {1287-1292},
pmid = {22341269},
issn = {1527-3792},
support = {R01 AR035583/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; AR35582/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AR035584/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; AG05394/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG027576/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; 2 R01 AG027574-22A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG005407/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AR035582/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG005394/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; AR35584/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG027574/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; 2 R01 AG005394-22A1/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; AG05407/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG027576-22/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; AR35583/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*epidemiology/*metabolism ; Osteoporotic Fractures/metabolism ; Prospective Studies ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Intestinal calcium absorption is thought to have a critical role in nephrolithiasis. However, to our knowledge no study has directly assessed this association. Therefore, we explored the relationship among intestinal fractional calcium absorption, calcium intake and nephrolithiasis.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures is a prospective cohort of 9,704 postmenopausal women recruited from population based listings in 1986 and followed for more than 20 years. Secondary analyses were performed of 7,982 women who reported their history of nephrolithiasis, of which 5,452 (68%) underwent an oral radioactive calcium assay (45Ca). The impact of dietary and supplemental calcium on intestinal fractional calcium absorption was evaluated, and factors independently associated with nephrolithiasis were determined.<br><br>RESULTS: Fractional calcium absorption decreased with increased calcium intake, with no difference between dietary and supplemental calcium. Fractional calcium absorption was higher in women with a nephrolithiasis history among all calcium intake groups. Increased dietary calcium intake reduced the likelihood of nephrolithiasis by 45% to 54% (p=0.03). Women with a history of nephrolithiasis were less likely to supplement calcium (p<0.001). In adjusted analyses women who supplemented calcium were 21% to 38% less likely to have a nephrolithiasis history (p=0.007) and there was a 24% increased risk of kidney stones for each 10% increase in fractional calcium absorption (p=0.008).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Fractional calcium absorption is higher in women with a history of nephrolithiasis. Higher intestinal fractional calcium absorption is associated with a greater risk of historical nephrolithiasis. Dietary and supplemental calcium decrease fractional calcium absorption, and may protect against nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid22321032,
year = {2012},
author = {Gadge, NB and Jalalpure, SS},
title = {Curative treatment with extracts of Bombax ceiba fruit reduces risk of calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats.},
journal = {Pharmaceutical biology},
volume = {50},
number = {3},
pages = {310-317},
doi = {10.3109/13880209.2011.604332},
pmid = {22321032},
issn = {1744-5116},
mesh = {Animals ; Bombax/*chemistry ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ethylene Glycol/toxicity ; Female ; Fruit ; Hyperoxaluria/complications ; Male ; Medicine, Traditional ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Urolithiasis/*drug therapy/etiology/pathology ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: Drawbacks of presently available treatments for urolithiasis necessitate finding the treatment of hyperoxaluria specifically aimed at reduction in oxalate excretion. Interestingly, many Indian tribes use Bombax ceiba L. (Bombacaceae) fruits as a traditional medicine for the treatment of urinary stones.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The present study investigated the efficacy of B. ceiba fruit extracts as curative agents in experimentally induced calcium oxalate urolithiatic rats.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Calcium oxalate lithiasis was induced in rats by oral administration of 0.75% ethylene glycol for 14 consecutive days. Treatments with aqueous and ethanol extract of B. ceiba fruit (400&#x2009;mg/kg body weight) was performed in the same manner for further 14 consecutive days. Cystone (750&#x2009;mg/kg body weight) was used as reference antiurolithiatic drug. The urinary excretion and kidney deposition of offending salt components, and serum biochemical parameters were investigated.<br><br>RESULTS: Oral administration of ethylene glycol resulted in hyperoxaluria and increased renal excretion of calcium and phosphate. However, supplementation with aqueous and ethanol extracts of B. ceiba fruit significantly (p&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.05) reduced the elevated urinary oxalate, showing a regulatory action on endogenous oxalate synthesis. The increased deposition of stone forming constituents in kidneys of calculogenic rats was also significantly lowered with curative treatment of aqueous and ethanol extract.<br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the fruit of B. ceiba is endowed with lithontriptic activity warranting further development for curative treatment of urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid22295079,
year = {2012},
author = {Jgamadze, D and Bergen, J and Stone, D and Jang, JH and Schaffer, DV and Isacoff, EY and Pautot, S},
title = {Colloids as mobile substrates for the implantation and integration of differentiated neurons into the mammalian brain.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {e30293},
pmid = {22295079},
issn = {1932-6203},
support = {PN2 EY1018241/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Brain/*cytology ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Survival ; Cell Transplantation/*methods ; Colloids ; Hippocampus/cytology/metabolism ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology ; Injections ; Ion Channels/genetics ; Luminescent Proteins/genetics ; Male ; Molecular Imaging ; *Motion ; Neural Stem Cells/cytology ; Neurons/*cytology/metabolism/*transplantation ; Rats ; Time Factors ; Transduction, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Neuronal degeneration and the deterioration of neuronal communication lie at the origin of many neuronal disorders, and there have been major efforts to develop cell replacement therapies for treating such diseases. One challenge, however, is that differentiated cells are challenging to transplant due to their sensitivity both to being uprooted from their cell culture growth support and to shear forces inherent in the implantation process. Here, we describe an approach to address these problems. We demonstrate that rat hippocampal neurons can be grown on colloidal particles or beads, matured and even transfected in vitro, and subsequently transplanted while adhered to the beads into the young adult rat hippocampus. The transplanted cells have a 76% cell survival rate one week post-surgery. At this time, most transplanted neurons have left their beads and elaborated long processes, similar to the host neurons. Additionally, the transplanted cells distribute uniformly across the host hippocampus. Expression of a fluorescent protein and the light-gated glutamate receptor in the transplanted neurons enabled them to be driven to fire by remote optical control. At 1-2 weeks after transplantation, calcium imaging of host brain slice shows that optical excitation of the transplanted neurons elicits activity in nearby host neurons, indicating the formation of functional transplant-host synaptic connections. After 6 months, the transplanted cell survival and overall cell distribution remained unchanged, suggesting that cells are functionally integrated. This approach, which could be extended to other cell classes such as neural stem cells and other regions of the brain, offers promising prospects for neuronal circuit repair via transplantation of in vitro differentiated, genetically engineered neurons.},
}
@article {pmid22285391,
year = {2012},
author = {Niimi, K and Yasui, T and Hirose, M and Hamamoto, S and Itoh, Y and Okada, A and Kubota, Y and Kojima, Y and Tozawa, K and Sasaki, S and Hayashi, Y and Kohri, K},
title = {Mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening induces the initial process of renal calcium crystallization.},
journal = {Free radical biology &amp; medicine},
volume = {52},
number = {7},
pages = {1207-1217},
doi = {10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.005},
pmid = {22285391},
issn = {1873-4596},
mesh = {Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Calcium/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Crystallization ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunosuppressive Agents/pharmacology ; Kidney/*metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects ; Mitochondrial Membrane Transport Proteins/*metabolism ; Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; },
abstract = {Renal tubular cell injury induced by oxidative stress via mitochondrial collapse is thought to be the initial process of renal calcium crystallization. Mitochondrial collapse is generally caused by mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, which can be blocked by cyclosporine A (CsA). Definitive evidence for the involvement of mPTP opening in the initial process of renal calcium crystallization, however, is lacking. In this study, we examined the physiological role of mPTP opening in renal calcium crystallization in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, cultured renal tubular cells were exposed to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals and treated with CsA (2 μM). COM crystals induced depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and generated oxidative stress as evaluated by Cu-Zn SOD and 4-HNE. Furthermore, the expression of cytochrome c and cleaved caspase 3 was increased and these effects were prevented by CsA. In the in vivo study, Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 1% ethylene glycol (EG) to generate a rat kidney stone model and then treated with CsA (2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. EG administration induced renal calcium crystallization, which was prevented by CsA. Mitochondrial collapse was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy, and oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring Cu-Zn SOD, MDA, and 8-OHdG generated by EG administration, all of which were prevented by CsA. Collectively, our results provide compelling evidence for a role of mPTP opening and its associated mitochondrial collapse, oxidative stress, and activation of the apoptotic pathway in the initial process of renal calcium crystallization.},
}
@article {pmid22207105,
year = {2012},
author = {Yang, L and Chen, JH and Cai, D and Wang, LY and Zha, XL},
title = {Osteopontin and integrin are involved in cholesterol gallstone formation.},
journal = {Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {BR16-23},
pmid = {22207105},
issn = {1643-3750},
mesh = {Animals ; Bile/*metabolism ; Blotting, Western ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Diet ; Female ; Gallbladder/metabolism ; Gallstones/*metabolism/pathology ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Integrin alphaV/*metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Male ; Osteopontin/blood/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the role of osteopontin and its receptor, integrin αv, in gallstone formation using human tissue specimens and a guinea pig lithogenic model.<br><br>MATERIAL/METHODS: The nucleation role of osteopontin was determined in patients' and normal gallbladder bile samples in vitro. Normal gallbladder was the control, and gallstone gallbladders were divided into group I (with normal epithelia) and group II (with degenerated epithelia) based on pathology change. Immunostaining, mRNA and protein expressions of osteopontin and integrin &#x3b1;v were analyzed. The animals were randomly divided into a lithogenic diet group and a normal diet group; the osteopontin mRNA expression in gallbladder and liver and osteopontin concentrations were determined.<br><br>RESULTS: Osteopontin prolonged nucleation time and inhibited the pro-nucleating role induced by calcium in human bile in vitro. Immunostaining for osteopontin and integrin &#x3b1;v in human gallbladder tissues showed a higher reactivity in Group I than control group and Group II. The immunostaining in Group II was weaker than control group; similar results were observed for mRNA and protein expression of osteopontin and integrin &#x3b1;v. In the animal assay, the mRNA expression and concentration of osteopontin in gallbladder and liver gradually increased at initial stages and decreased in later stages. The concentrations of osteopontin in bile and serum of guinea pig showed similar trends.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that osteopontin is involved in cholesterol gallstone formation, and the role of osteopontin might correlate with integrin &#x3b1;v and calcium.},
}
@article {pmid22178870,
year = {2011},
author = {Fatima, A and Xu, G and Shao, K and Papadopoulos, S and Lehmann, M and Arnáiz-Cot, JJ and Rosa, AO and Nguemo, F and Matzkies, M and Dittmann, S and Stone, SL and Linke, M and Zechner, U and Beyer, V and Hennies, HC and Rosenkranz, S and Klauke, B and Parwani, AS and Haverkamp, W and Pfitzer, G and Farr, M and Cleemann, L and Morad, M and Milting, H and Hescheler, J and Saric, T},
title = {In vitro modeling of ryanodine receptor 2 dysfunction using human induced pluripotent stem cells.},
journal = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {579-592},
pmid = {22178870},
issn = {1421-9778},
support = {R01 HL016152/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; HL 16152/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Action Potentials ; Calcium/metabolism ; Catecholamines/metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Colforsin/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Electrocardiography ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Karyotyping ; *Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology/metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Phenotype ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/genetics/*metabolism ; Tachycardia, Ventricular/metabolism/pathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells generated from accessible adult cells of patients with genetic diseases open unprecedented opportunities for exploring the pathophysiology of human diseases in vitro. Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia type 1 (CPVT1) is an inherited cardiac disorder that is caused by mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor type 2 gene (RYR2) and is characterized by stress-induced ventricular arrhythmia that can lead to sudden cardiac death in young individuals. The aim of this study was to generate iPS cells from a patient with CPVT1 and determine whether iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes carrying patient specific RYR2 mutation recapitulate the disease phenotype in vitro.<br><br>METHODS: iPS cells were derived from dermal fibroblasts of healthy donors and a patient with CPVT1 carrying the novel heterozygous autosomal dominant mutation p.F2483I in the RYR2. Functional properties of iPS cell derived-cardiomyocytes were analyzed by using whole-cell current and voltage clamp and calcium imaging techniques.<br><br>RESULTS: Patch-clamp recordings revealed arrhythmias and delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) after catecholaminergic stimulation of CPVT1-iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Calcium imaging studies showed that, compared to healthy cardiomyocytes, CPVT1-cardiomyocytes exhibit higher amplitudes and longer durations of spontaneous Ca(2+) release events at basal state. In addition, in CPVT1-cardiomyocytes the Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+)-release events continued after repolarization and were abolished by increasing the cytosolic cAMP levels with forskolin.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the suitability of iPS cells in modeling RYR2-related cardiac disorders in vitro and opens new opportunities for investigating the disease mechanism in vitro, developing new drugs, predicting their toxicity, and optimizing current treatment strategies.},
}
@article {pmid22138758,
year = {2012},
author = {Theka, T and Rodgers, A and Lewandowski, S and Webber, D and Allie-Hamdulay, S},
title = {Effects of vitamin E ingestion on plasma and urinary risk factors for calcium oxalate urolithiasis in two population groups having different stone-risk profiles: evidence of different physiological handling mechanisms.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {113-120},
pmid = {22138758},
issn = {1434-0879},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Adult ; *Black People ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Chylomicrons/metabolism ; Citrates/metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; South Africa ; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism ; Urolithiasis/*epidemiology/*ethnology/metabolism ; Vitamin E/administration &amp; dosage/blood/*pharmacology ; *White People ; Young Adult ; alpha-Tocopherol/metabolism ; },
abstract = {It has been demonstrated that vitamin E supplementation reduces calciuria and oxaluria and that it may also prevent oxalate-mediated peroxidative injury, all of which reduce the risk of calcium oxalate urolithiasis. In view of the significant difference in stone occurrence in black (B) and white (W) South Africans, we undertook to investigate the effects of vitamin E supplementation in subjects from these two groups. Five healthy males from each group ingested one capsule (400 IU) of vitamin E daily for 60 days. Blood and 24 h urine samples were collected at baseline and on day 60; 24 h dietary questionnaires were simultaneously completed. Urine composition was determined by routine analyses. Urinary and plasma TBARS were determined using a commercially available assay kit while plasma vitamin E was determined by reverse phase HPLC. Plasma vitamin E increased significantly in W but not in B. Urinary and plasma TBARS did not increase in either group. Urinary citrate increased significantly in both groups but the percentage increase in W (169%) was greater than that in B (82%). No other urinary parameter changed significantly. The increase in plasma vitamin E in W but not in B suggests either that the mechanism by which it is packaged into chylomicrons, which are secreted into the systemic circulation, is suppressed in the latter group or that it is differentially absorbed in the two groups. Similarly, to explain the greater increase in citraturia in W compared to B, we speculate that inhibition of lipogenesis of arachidonic acid by vitamin E, ultimately leading to an increase in citraturia, occurs to a lesser extent in B than in W.},
}
@article {pmid22137721,
year = {2011},
author = {Xi, QL and Wang, SG and Ye, ZQ and Zhu, ZW and Li, C and Bai, J and Yu, X and Liu, JH},
title = {Effect of silencing VDR gene in kidney on renal epithelial calcium transporter proteins and urinary calcium excretion in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {78},
number = {6},
pages = {1442.e1-7},
doi = {10.1016/j.urology.2011.08.051},
pmid = {22137721},
issn = {1527-9995},
mesh = {Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Calbindins ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/metabolism ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Silencing ; Hypercalciuria/genetics ; Kidney/enzymology/*metabolism ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphorus/blood ; RNA, Messenger/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/*metabolism ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/metabolism ; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels/metabolism ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To address the molecular mechanisms that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the kidney might contribute to decreased renal calcium reabsorption in idiopathic hypercalciuria using genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rats.<br><br>METHODS: We silenced the VDR gene in the GHS and normal control (NC) rat kidney in vivo using adenovirus vector-delivered microRNA targeting VDR through renal venous transduction. On days 3-21 after injection with adenovirus, the expression levels of the VDR, calcium-sensing receptor, and epithelial calcium transporters in the kidney were detected. The urine calcium and serum calcium, phosphorus, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), and parathyroid hormone levels were measured.<br><br>RESULTS: The basal expression levels in the kidney tissues of VDR, calbindin-D(28k), and calcium-sensing receptor were significantly greater in the GHS rats than in the NC rats, and the basal expression levels of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor subtype 5, transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor subtype 6, calbindin-D(9k), and plasma membrane calcium-adenosine triphosphatase were significantly lower in the GHS rats than in the NC rats. VDR knockdown in the kidney caused significant increase in renal transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor subtype 5, sodium/calcium exchanger, and calbindin-D(9k) expression levels in the GHS rats. The GHS rats excreted significantly more urine calcium after VDR knockdown. The serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) levels were not altered during the study period in the GHS and NC rats.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that VDR knockdown in the kidney can upregulate the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor subtype 5 in GHS rats. However, VDR depletion results in an increase in urine calcium excretion. The role of VDR in the hypercalciuric formation needs to be elucidated further.},
}
@article {pmid22127335,
year = {2012},
author = {Calvez, J and Poupin, N and Chesneau, C and Lassale, C and Tomé, D},
title = {Protein intake, calcium balance and health consequences.},
journal = {European journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {66},
number = {3},
pages = {281-295},
doi = {10.1038/ejcn.2011.196},
pmid = {22127335},
issn = {1476-5640},
mesh = {Absorption ; Animals ; Bone Density/drug effects ; Bone Diseases/*etiology ; Bone and Bones/*drug effects ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Diet ; Dietary Proteins/administration &amp; dosage/*pharmacology ; Fractures, Bone/etiology ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Kidney/*drug effects ; Kidney Diseases/*etiology ; },
abstract = {High-protein (HP) diets exert a hypercalciuric effect at constant levels of calcium intake, even though the effect may depend on the nature of the dietary protein. Lower urinary pH is also consistently observed for subjects consuming HP diets. The combination of these two effects was suspected to be associated with a dietary environment favorable for demineralization of the skeleton. However, increased calcium excretion due to HP diet does not seem to be linked to impaired calcium balance. In contrast, some data indicate that HP intakes induce an increase of intestinal calcium absorption. Moreover, no clinical data support the hypothesis of a detrimental effect of HP diet on bone health, except in a context of inadequate calcium supply. In addition, HP intake promotes bone growth and retards bone loss and low-protein diet is associated with higher risk of hip fractures. The increase of acid and calcium excretion due to HP diet is also accused of constituting a favorable environment for kidney stones and renal diseases. However, in healthy subjects, no damaging effect of HP diets on kidney has been found in either observational or interventional studies and it seems that HP diets might be deleterious only in patients with preexisting metabolic renal dysfunction. Thus, HP diet does not seem to lead to calcium bone loss, and the role of protein seems to be complex and probably dependent on other dietary factors and the presence of other nutrients in the diet.},
}
@article {pmid22116536,
year = {2012},
author = {Wang, S and Wang, X and Wu, J and Lin, Y and Chen, H and Zheng, X and Zhou, C and Xie, L},
title = {Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and calcium urolithiasis in the Chinese Han population.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {40},
number = {4},
pages = {277-284},
pmid = {22116536},
issn = {1434-0879},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian People/*genetics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics ; Urolithiasis/*genetics ; },
abstract = {To investigate the effect of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) Fok I Bsm I Dde I Apa I Taq I polymorphism on the clinical presentation of calcium urolithiasis, 464 patients with urolithiasis and 450 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University between January 2010 and March 2011. Five SNPs of VDR polymorphism were detected using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis. The frequency of VDR Apa I genotypes between the patients and the healthy controls was significantly different (P = 0.006). Apa I a allele was found to be associated with increased risk of stone recurrence (P = 0.028). We also found Fok I Dde I Apa I showed a significant difference between male and female in the patients group (P < 0.05). Haplotype analysis of the five VDR polymorphisms showed a significant association with urolithiasis (global-P value = 0.0001). Genetic polymorphisms of VDR are important in the clinical presentation of patients with calcium urolithiasis in the Han population of southern China.},
}
@article {pmid21960240,
year = {2011},
author = {Nagata, M and Takayama, T and Mugiya, S and Ohzono, S},
title = {[Pharmacotherapy for preventing calcium containing stone formation].},
journal = {Clinical calcium},
volume = {21},
number = {10},
pages = {1530-1534},
pmid = {21960240},
issn = {0917-5857},
mesh = {Allopurinol/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Citrates/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Magnesium Compounds/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Secondary Prevention ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; Vitamin B 6/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Xanthine Oxidase/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; },
abstract = {Many urinary tract stones consist of calcium, and has high relapse rate. Accordingly, it is very important to prevent calcium-containing stone formation. This paper describes about effects and mechanisms for Xanthine oxidase inhibitor, citrate formulation, magnesium formulation, thiazides, vitamin B(6), extract of Quercus salicina Blume and chorei-to (medical herb) . Recent new drugs and the elucidation of new metabolic pathways may lead to the development of prevention of urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid21960239,
year = {2011},
author = {Moriyama, MT},
title = {[Diet therapy and life guidance to prevent calcium stones].},
journal = {Clinical calcium},
volume = {21},
number = {10},
pages = {1522-1529},
pmid = {21960239},
issn = {0917-5857},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Dyslipidemias/complications ; Energy Intake ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia/complications ; Hypertension/complications ; *Life Style ; Obesity/complications ; Secondary Prevention ; Urinary Calculi/*diet therapy/etiology/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {Urolithiasis patients have a low continuation rate with regard to visiting the hospital and undergoing periodic check-ups following therapy. The increased Westernization of diets has played a major role in its onset, and it is believed to be a lifestyle disease. Therefore, the prevention of relapse is difficult without improving the patients' lifestyle and eating habits, and it has been defined as a disease with an extremely high relapse rate. On the other hand, it is believed that the opportunity for periodic visits to the hospital and check-ups can be assured by continuously performing careful dietary interventions appropriate for each patient and by educating patients about the disease, thereby contributing to the prevention of relapses of urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid21960233,
year = {2011},
author = {Hamamoto, S and Taguchi, K and Fujii, Y},
title = {[Molecular mechanism of renal stone formation].},
journal = {Clinical calcium},
volume = {21},
number = {10},
pages = {1481-1487},
pmid = {21960233},
issn = {0917-5857},
mesh = {Agglutination ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Crystallization ; Glycoproteins/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/cytology/injuries/metabolism ; Macrophages/physiology ; Oxalates/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Urolithiasis is a multifactorial disease involving environmental and gentic factors. Calcium-containing stones, which are>90% of all stones, detected most frequently ; however, radically effective prevention and detailed investigation of crystal formation have not been established. Renal stone formation is a complex multistep process that includes supersaturation, crystal nucleation, growth, and aggregation. In the early stage of crystal formation, exposure to high concentrations of oxalate can induce renal tubular cell injury, following crystal attachment to renal tubular cell in which stone matrix proteins or urinary high molecular substances play an important role as a promoter or inhibitor respectively. Recent study speculated that renal macrophage could englobe crystals and might digest them. In this part, we propose the molecular mechanism that has been newly investigated recently, in renal stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid21960231,
year = {2011},
author = {Aruga, S and Honma, Y},
title = {[Renal calcium excretion and urolithiasis].},
journal = {Clinical calcium},
volume = {21},
number = {10},
pages = {1465-1472},
pmid = {21960231},
issn = {0917-5857},
mesh = {Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics ; Bone Resorption/etiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Citric Acid/metabolism ; Dietary Proteins/adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*complications/drug therapy/genetics ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics ; Risk Factors ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/adverse effects ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Patients with urolithiasis have been increasing in the world, especially morbidity of calcium nephrolithiasis has been increasing in the advanced countries. The changes in the environmental factors including alternation of diet are said to be associated with the increment of morbidity of kidney stone. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is one of the most important risk factor of calcium nephrolithiasis and is classified into absorptive, resorptive, and renal leak. Though the origins of these three types of hypercalciuria are different, increased bone resorption and increased calcium absorption from gut tend to be observed simultaneously. Not only genetic abnormalities in the proteins which are involved in calcium metabolisms but environmental factors such as high sodium intake and chronic acid load caused by increased ingestion of animal protein have been considered to be associated with increased urinary calcium excretion. Renal metabolisms of oxalate and phosphate which are important compositions of calcium containing stone, uric acid as a promoter and citrate as a inhibitor of nephrolithiasis are also described.},
}
@article {pmid21960230,
year = {2011},
author = {Kohjimoto, Y and Sasaki, Y and Hara, I},
title = {[Clinical strategies for prevention of drug-induced urinary calculi].},
journal = {Clinical calcium},
volume = {21},
number = {10},
pages = {1457-1463},
pmid = {21960230},
issn = {0917-5857},
mesh = {Allopurinol/adverse effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects ; Ascorbic Acid/adverse effects ; Benzbromarone/adverse effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Compounds/adverse effects ; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Crystallization ; Diuretics/*adverse effects ; Drug Combinations ; Furosemide/adverse effects ; Glucocorticoids/adverse effects ; Humans ; Magnesium Silicates/adverse effects ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/*adverse effects ; Purines/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Triamterene/*adverse effects ; Urinary Calculi/*chemically induced/chemistry/*prevention &amp; control ; Vitamin D/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Drug-induced urinary calculi, although they account for only 1-2% of urinary calculi, deserve consideration because most of them are preventable. In the drug-containing calculi resulting from the crystallization of a certain drug and its metabolites in the urine, stone analysis can identify the responsible drug. While, in the drug-induced metabolic calculi caused by interference with calcium, oxalate and purine metabolism, careful clinical inquiry is necessary to reveal involvement of a certain drug in stone formation. Better awareness of the possible drugs with lithogenic potential and close surveillance of patients on long-term treatment with these drugs are necessary. Especially, in patients with a history of urolithiaisis, prescription of lithogenic drugs deserve careful consideration.},
}
@article {pmid21960228,
year = {2011},
author = {Okuyama, M},
title = {[Epidemiology of urolithiasis].},
journal = {Clinical calcium},
volume = {21},
number = {10},
pages = {1442-1447},
pmid = {21960228},
issn = {0917-5857},
mesh = {Body Mass Index ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Fats/adverse effects ; Dietary Proteins/adverse effects ; Eating/physiology ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Incidence ; Japan/epidemiology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Time Factors ; Urolithiasis/*epidemiology/etiology ; Weight Gain ; },
abstract = {Recently, urolithiasis is increasing in the world. The onset of urolithiasis is considered to associate with high protein and fat dietary habits. In the articles, using epidemiological method and research, the prevalence and incidence of the upper urinary tract stones as kidney and ureter is described. In addition, the association between dietary intake and calcium metabolism is reviewed.},
}
@article {pmid21947122,
year = {2011},
author = {Reilly, RF and Huang, CL},
title = {The mechanism of hypocalciuria with NaCl cotransporter inhibition.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Nephrology},
volume = {7},
number = {11},
pages = {669-674},
pmid = {21947122},
issn = {1759-507X},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*chemically induced/urine ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gitelman Syndrome/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/*prevention &amp; control ; Kidney Tubules, Distal/drug effects/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects ; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Thiazide diuretics are used to prevent the recurrence of calcium-containing kidney stones. The ability of these drugs to reduce urinary calcium excretion has a key role in this process. Although studies have shown a reduction in the recurrence rate of calcium-containing stones in patients treated with thiazides, whether hypocalciuria results from increased calcium reabsorption in the proximal or distal nephron is still unclear. When extracellular fluid volume is considerably reduced, the proximal tubule is likely to have a major role in thiazide-induced hypocalciuria. This process frequently occurs when high doses of thiazides and sodium restriction are prescribed for the treatment of kidney stone disease. The distal tubule is predominantly involved in NaCl cotransporter inhibition-induced hypocalciuria when the extracellular fluid volume is not reduced, a clinical scenario observed in patients with Gitelman syndrome. In this Perspectives article, we discuss the evidence supporting the hypocalciuric effects of NaCl cotransporter inhibition in the proximal and distal nephron.},
}
@article {pmid21940456,
year = {2011},
author = {Huang, YA and Stone, LM and Pereira, E and Yang, R and Kinnamon, JC and Dvoryanchikov, G and Chaudhari, N and Finger, TE and Kinnamon, SC and Roper, SD},
title = {Knocking out P2X receptors reduces transmitter secretion in taste buds.},
journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
volume = {31},
number = {38},
pages = {13654-13661},
pmid = {21940456},
issn = {1529-2401},
support = {R56 DC006308/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R56 DC006308-06/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DC007630/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DC000374/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DC000374-22/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DC006308/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; P30 DC004657/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DC007630-05/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DC007495/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; P30DC004657/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; 5R01DC000374/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; P30 DC004657-01/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; 2R01DC007630/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R01DC006308/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DC007495-05/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R01DC007495/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Connexins/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Knockout ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X2/*biosynthesis ; Synaptic Transmission/genetics/*physiology ; TRPM Cation Channels/metabolism ; Taste/physiology ; Taste Buds/drug effects/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; },
abstract = {In response to gustatory stimulation, taste bud cells release a transmitter, ATP, that activates P2X2 and P2X3 receptors on gustatory afferent fibers. Taste behavior and gustatory neural responses are largely abolished in mice lacking P2X2 and P2X3 receptors [P2X2 and P2X3 double knock-out (DKO) mice]. The assumption has been that eliminating P2X2 and P2X3 receptors only removes postsynaptic targets but that transmitter secretion in mice is normal. Using functional imaging, ATP biosensor cells, and a cell-free assay for ATP, we tested this assumption. Surprisingly, although gustatory stimulation mobilizes Ca(2+) in taste Receptor (Type II) cells from DKO mice, as from wild-type (WT) mice, taste cells from DKO mice fail to release ATP when stimulated with tastants. ATP release could be elicited by depolarizing DKO Receptor cells with KCl, suggesting that ATP-release machinery remains functional in DKO taste buds. To explore the difference in ATP release across genotypes, we used reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, immunostaining, and histochemistry for key proteins underlying ATP secretion and degradation: Pannexin1, TRPM5, and NTPDase2 (ecto-ATPase) are indistinguishable between WT and DKO mice. The ultrastructure of contacts between taste cells and nerve fibers is also normal in the DKO mice. Finally, quantitative RT-PCR show that P2X4 and P2X7, potential modulators of ATP secretion, are similarly expressed in taste buds in WT and DKO taste buds. Importantly, we find that P2X2 is expressed in WT taste buds and appears to function as an autocrine, positive feedback signal to amplify taste-evoked ATP secretion.},
}
@article {pmid21911305,
year = {2012},
author = {Konstantynowicz, J and Porowski, T and Zoch-Zwierz, W and Wasilewska, J and Kadziela-Olech, H and Kulak, W and Owens, SC and Piotrowska-Jastrzebska, J and Kaczmarski, M},
title = {A potential pathogenic role of oxalate in autism.},
journal = {European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {485-491},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejpn.2011.08.004},
pmid = {21911305},
issn = {1532-2130},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Autistic Disorder/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oxalic Acid/blood/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) are a strongly genetic condition certain metabolic disturbances may contribute to clinical features. Metabolism of oxalate in children with ASD has not yet been studied.<br><br>AIM: The objective was to determine oxalate levels in plasma and urine in autistic children in relation to other urinary parameters.<br><br>METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, plasma oxalate (using enzymatic method with oxalate oxidase) and spontaneous urinary calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization (based on the Bonn-Risk-Index, BRI) were determined in 36 children and adolescents with ASD (26 boys, 10 girls) aged 2-18 years and compared with 60 healthy non-autistic children matched by age, gender and anthropometric traits.<br><br>RESULTS: Children with ASD demonstrated 3-fold greater plasma oxalate levels [5.60 (5th-95th percentile: 3.47-7.51)] compared with reference [(1.84 (5th-95th percentile: 0.50-4.70) &#x3bc;mol/L (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05)] and 2.5-fold greater urinary oxalate concentrations (p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). No differences between the two groups were found in urinary pH, citraturia, calciuria or adjusted CaOx crystallization rates based on BRI. Despite significant hyperoxaluria no evidence of kidney stone disease or lithogenic risk was observed in these individuals.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Hyperoxalemia and hyperoxaluria may be involved in the pathogenesis of ASD in children. Whether this is a result of impaired renal excretion or an extensive intestinal absorption, or both, or whether Ox may cross the blood brain barrier and disturb CNS function in the autistic children remains unclear. This appears to be the first report of plasma and urinary oxalate in childhood autism.},
}
@article {pmid21908029,
year = {2012},
author = {Arrabal-Polo, MA and Arrabal-Martin, M and de Haro-Muñoz, T and Poyatos-Andujar, A and Palæo-Yago, F and Zuluaga-Gomez, A},
title = {Biochemical determinants of severe lithogenic activity in patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {79},
number = {1},
pages = {48-54},
doi = {10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.1382},
pmid = {21908029},
issn = {1527-9995},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Distribution ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithiasis/*diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Osteocalcin/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Risk Assessment ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sex Distribution ; Spain ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biochemical alterations in plasma and the urine determinants of severe lithogenic activity in patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 120 patients divided into 2 groups: group 1, 60 patients without nephrolithiasis; and group 2, 60 patients with severe and/or recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. In all patients, a study of renal function, calcium metabolism, and bone remodeling markers, and a study of the lithogenic factors were performed in urine after fasting and in 24-hour urine samples.<br><br>RESULTS: We observed greater values for phosphorus in group 1 than in group 2 (P=.03). Also, we found greater values for intact parathyroid hormone (P=.01), osteocalcin (P=.000), and &#x3b2;-crosslaps (P=.000) in group 2 than in group 1. In the 24-hour urine samples, significant differences were found between groups 1 and 2 in calciuria (11.7 vs 17.4 mg/dL; P=.000), citraturia (50.6 vs 33.5 mg/dL; P=.002), calcium/creatinine quotient (0.14 vs 0.20; P=.001), calcium/citrate quotient (0.05 vs 0.13; P=.04), and calcium/creatinine quotient after fasting (0.09 vs 0.16; P=.000).<br><br>CONCLUSION: We consider the determinants of severe and/or recurrent calcium lithiasis to be hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia and a calcium/citrate quotient>0.06. As risk markers we can consider phosphatemia<2.9 mg/dL, phosphate/chlorine quotient>35, alkaline phosphatase>80 U/L, intact parathyroid hormone>60 pg/mL, osteocalcin>16 ng/mL, &#x3b2;-crosslaps>0.400 ng/mL, and &#x3b2;-crosslaps/osteocalcin quotient>0.028.},
}
@article {pmid21856593,
year = {2011},
author = {Miller, PD},
title = {Vitamin D, calcium, and cardiovascular mortality: a perspective from a plenary lecture given at the annual meeting of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.},
journal = {Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {798-806},
doi = {10.4158/EP11203.RA},
pmid = {21856593},
issn = {1934-2403},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*metabolism/*mortality ; Congresses as Topic ; Humans ; Vitamin D/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine data showing associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and calcium intake and cardiovascular mortality.<br><br>METHODS: The articles reviewed include those published from 1992-2011 derived from search engines (PubMed, Scopus, Medscape) using the following search terms: vitamin D, calcium, cardiovascular events, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, vascular calcification, chronic kidney disease, renal stones, and hypercalciuria. Because these articles were not weighted (graded) on the level of evidence, this review reflects my own perspective on the data and how they should be applied to clinical management.<br><br>RESULTS: For skeletal health, vitamin D and calcium are both needed to ensure proper skeletal growth (modeling) and repair (remodeling). Nutritional deficiencies of either vitamin D or calcium may lead to a spectrum of metabolic bone disorders. Excessive consumption of either nutrient has been linked to a variety of medical disorders, such as hypercalcemia or renal stones. There have also been associations between vitamin D or calcium intake and cardiovascular disease. However, neither of these associations have established evidence nor known causality for increasing cardiovascular risk or all-cause mortality in patients with creatinine clearances greater than 60 mL/min. In patients with more severe chronic kidney disease, stronger data link excess calcium (or phosphorus) intake and increase in vascular calcification, but not mortality. The safe upper limit for vitamin D intake is at least 4000 IU daily and probably 10 000 IU daily; for calcium, the safe upper limit is between 2000 and 3000 mg daily.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: While no solid scientific evidence validates that serum vitamin D levels between 15 and 70 ng/mL are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, stronger but inconsistent evidence shows an association between calcium supplementation greater than 500 mg daily and an increase in cardiovascular disease risk. Most professional societies suggest that replacement levels of these nutrients be personalized with the goal of reaching a 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration between 30 and 50 ng/mL and a calcium intake of 1200 mg daily.},
}
@article {pmid21784822,
year = {2011},
author = {Renkema, KY and Bindels, RJ and Hoenderop, JG},
title = {Role of the calcium-sensing receptor in reducing the risk for calcium stones.},
journal = {Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN},
volume = {6},
number = {8},
pages = {2076-2082},
doi = {10.2215/CJN.00480111},
pmid = {21784822},
issn = {1555-905X},
mesh = {Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Channels/deficiency/genetics ; Crystallization ; Disease Models, Animal ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/genetics/metabolism ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nephrolithiasis/etiology/genetics/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/*metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels/deficiency/genetics ; },
abstract = {The tight control of blood Ca2+ levels within a narrow range is essential for the performance of vital physiologic functions. Muscle contraction, neuronal excitation, and intracellular signaling processes acquisitively require Ca2+. It is the concerted action of intestine, bone, and kidney that controls the Ca2+ balance through the regulation of intestinal absorption, bone (de)mineralization, and renal excretion of Ca2+, respectively. Along the nephron, fine-tuning of blood Ca2+ levels takes place by Ca2+ reabsorption. The calciotropic hormones regulate Ca2+ transport processes, leading to whole-body Ca2+ homeostasis and, importantly, preserving a constant Ca2+ concentration in the blood. Defects in renal Ca2+ handling can lead to hypercalciuria, consecutive kidney stone formation, and obstructive nephropathy. Here we give an overview of the key players involved in normal Ca2+ management and describe the in-depth investigations on a renal hypercalciuric model of disease, the Trpv5 knockout mouse, which naturally displays molecular adaptations that prevent Ca2+ precipitation in the kidney.},
}
@article {pmid21707782,
year = {2012},
author = {Clauss, M and Burger, B and Liesegang, A and Del Chicca, F and Kaufmann-Bart, M and Riond, B and Hässig, M and Hatt, JM},
title = {Influence of diet on calcium metabolism, tissue calcification and urinary sludge in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).},
journal = {Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition},
volume = {96},
number = {5},
pages = {798-807},
doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01185.x},
pmid = {21707782},
issn = {1439-0396},
mesh = {Animal Feed/*analysis ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Calcinosis/*veterinary ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Diet/*veterinary ; Feces/chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Rabbits/blood/*physiology/*urine ; Urinary Bladder ; },
abstract = {Rabbits absorb more calcium (Ca) from their diet than they require, and excrete surplus via urine, which therefore contains a typical 'sludge'. This makes rabbits susceptible to Ca-containing uroliths. But given the Ca content of diets of free-ranging specimens, and the limited reports of urinary sludge and Ca contents in free-ranging lagomorphs, we can suspect that rabbits are naturally adapted to high urinary Ca loads. We fed four groups of New Zealand hybrid rabbits [n = 28, age at start 5-6 weeks) pelleted diets consisting of lucerne hay only (L, Ca 2.32% dry matter (DM)], lucerne:oats 1:1 (LG, Ca 1.36%), grass hay only (G, Ca 1.04%), or grass:oats 1:1 (GG, 0.83%) for 25 weeks, with water available ad libitum. Diets were not supplemented with Ca, phosphorus, or vitamin D. Rabbits on diets LG and GG had lower food and water intakes, lower faeces and urine output, grew faster and had higher body mass at slaughter (mainly attributable to adipose tissue). Apparent Ca digestibility decreased in the order L-LG-G/GG. Rabbits on L had larger and heavier kidneys, more urinary sediment at sonography, and a higher urinary Ca content than the other groups. No animal showed signs of urolithiasis/calcinosis at X-ray, sonography, or gross pathology. Kidney/aorta histology only sporadically indicated Ca deposits, with no systematic difference between groups. Under the conditions of the experiment, dietary Ca loads in legume hay do not appear problematic for rabbits, and other factors, such as water supply and level of activity may be important contributors to urolithiasis development in veterinary patients. However, due to the lower Ca content of grass hay, the significantly lower degree of urinary sludge formation, and the significantly higher water intake related with grass hay feeding, grass hay-dominated diets are to be recommended for rabbits in which urolithiasis prevention is an issue.},
}
@article {pmid21652546,
year = {2012},
author = {Esposito, T and Rendina, D and Aloia, A and Formicola, D and Magliocca, S and De Filippo, G and Muscariello, R and Mossetti, G and Gianfrancesco, F and Strazzullo, P},
title = {The melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) gene is associated with recurrent and idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {210-218},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/gfr216},
pmid = {21652546},
issn = {1460-2385},
mesh = {Adult ; Base Sequence ; Biomarkers/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithiasis/*genetics/pathology ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics ; Prognosis ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor, Melatonin, MT1/*genetics ; *Recurrence ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence indicate that melatonin regulates some renal tubular functions via specific melatonin receptors (MTNRs) located in the kidney of several avian and mammalian species, including humans. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the melatonin receptor 1A gene (MTNR1A) might influence the risk of calcium nephrolithiasis.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a systematic analysis of the MTNR1A gene in 246 recurrent calcium stone formers (136 men, 110 women; mean age 40.2 &#xb1; 12.0 years; body mass index 25.8 &#xb1; 4.5 kg/m2) and 269 healthy controls comparable for age and gender without a history of nephrolithiasis.<br><br>RESULTS: Two SNPs in Intron 1 of MTNR1A were significantly associated with calcium nephrolithiasis: rs13140012 (P = 0.0004) and rs6553010 (P = 0.009). The haplotypes resulting from the two SNPs were also differently distributed between stone formers and controls, the haplotype A-T being more represented among stone formers (P = 0.00001) and the haplotype T-C being more common in healthy controls (P = 0.00001). Preliminary functional studies showed that the SNP rs13140012 could modify the binding sites for transcription factors.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The results of this case-control study indicate a strong association between allelic variants of MTNR1A and recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid21629339,
year = {2011},
author = {Felsenfeld, AJ and Levine, BS and Kleeman, CR},
title = {Fuller Albright and our current understanding of calcium and phosphorus regulation and primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {346-357},
doi = {10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2011.Mar.10774},
pmid = {21629339},
issn = {1989-2284},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/*metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Renal Insufficiency/etiology ; },
abstract = {The major contributions of Fuller Albright to our understanding of calcium and phosphorus regulation and primary hyperparathyroidism are highlighted. Albright was the first investigator to initiate a systematic study of mineral metabolism. With resources limited to the measurement of serum calcium and phosphorus and the infusion of parathyroid extract, Albright used balance studies to establish a framework for our understanding of calcium and phosphorus regulation and primary hyperparathyroidism. Albright was the first to show that the etiology of primary hyperparathyroidism could be from either an adenoma or hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and stone disease was a separate manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism. Albright also showed that: 1) a renal threshold for calcium excretion was present in hypoparathyroid patients; 2) correction of hypocalcemia in hypoparathyroid patients with vitamin D had a phosphaturic action; 3) renal failure reduced the intestinal absorption of calcium in primary hyperparathyroidism; 4) the ''hungry bone'' syndrome developed after parathyroidectomy in severe primary hyperparathyroidism; and 5) a target organ can fail to respond to a hormone. He also suggested that a malignant tumor could be responsible for ectopic hormone production. Finally, our review integrates the observations of Albright with our current knowledge of calcium regulation and disorders.},
}
@article {pmid21621547,
year = {2011},
author = {Oliveira, AG and Oliveira, CA},
title = {Epididymal lithiasis in roosters: in the middle of the way there was a stone.},
journal = {Life sciences},
volume = {89},
number = {15-16},
pages = {588-594},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2011.04.021},
pmid = {21621547},
issn = {1879-0631},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chickens/*physiology ; Epididymis/*pathology ; Genitalia/physiology ; Homeostasis/physiology ; Infertility, Male/etiology/pathology/veterinary ; Lithiasis/*pathology/*veterinary ; Male ; Poultry Diseases/*pathology ; Reproduction/physiology ; Testicular Diseases/*pathology/*veterinary ; },
abstract = {The epididymal region plays an important role in the reproduction of roosters, as it is the site of functions important in the maintenance of fertility, including fluid and calcium reabsorption and sperm surface modifications. About 10 years ago, a reproductive dysfunction characterized by the formation of luminal calcium stones in the epididymal region of roosters was described. This anomaly, known as epididymal lithiasis, is associated with a significant decrease in the fertility of affected roosters. This reproductive anomaly has been observed in multiple countries and is thought to negatively impact the poultry industry; however, the cause of epididymal lithiasis has not been fully determined. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of epididymal lithiasis, including the presence of an infectious agent within the epididymal region, an autoimmune response, increased dietary calcium and vitamin D3 intake and the presence of genetic susceptibility factors; however, none of these has been proven to be the primary cause of the calcium stone formation. Nonetheless, considerable evidence suggests that regardless of the primary cause of epididymal lithiasis, this anomaly could result from a hormonal imbalance or a local impairment of calcium homeostasis in the epididymal region. The objectives of this mini-review are to 1) summarize the reproductive alterations observed in animals affected by epididymal lithiasis, 2) discuss the hypotheses proposed to explain the cause of luminal stone formation and 3) provide perspectives for future studies of this reproductive disorder.},
}
@article {pmid21554525,
year = {2011},
author = {Arrabal-Polo, MA and Arrabal-Martin, M and de Haro-Munoz, T and Lopez-Leon, VM and Merino-Salas, S and Ochoa-Hortal, MA and Garrido-Gomez, J and Lahoz-Garcia, C and Zuluaga-Gomez, A},
title = {Mineral density and bone remodelling markers in patients with calcium lithiasis.},
journal = {BJU international},
volume = {108},
number = {11},
pages = {1903-8; discussion 1908},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10167.x},
pmid = {21554525},
issn = {1464-410X},
mesh = {Adult ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; Bone Density/*physiology ; Bone Remodeling/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/complications/physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/physiopathology ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteocalcin/metabolism ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Hypercalciuria is related with bone mineral density loss. This study demonstrates the relationship between recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and bone mineral density loss and their correlation with bone markers.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: &#x2022;&#x2002;To show that a relationship exists between the loss of bone mineral density (BMD) and calcium renal lithiasis and that bone remodelling markers correlate with changes in BMD. &#x2022;&#x2002;It is possible that many cases hypercalciuria are related to the increase of bone turnover and the predominance of bone resorption phenomena.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: &#x2022;&#x2002;The present study comprised a transversal investigation in three groups: group O, without lithiasis; group A, with a single episode of lithiasis; and group B, with relapsed calcium renal lithiasis. &#x2022;&#x2002;An analysis was made of body mass index; abdominal X-ray and/or urography and renal ultrasonography; osteocalcin and &#x3b2;-crosslaps bone markers; calcium and citrate concentrations in the urine; and femur and spinal column bone densitometry. &#x2022;&#x2002;The results were analyzed by analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation coefficient.<br><br>RESULTS: &#x2022;&#x2002;Patients with relapsed calcium renal lithiasis present a greater BMD loss than those in the O or A groups. &#x2022;&#x2002;Densitometry: T-score femur -0.2 group O, -0.5 group A, -1.2 group B (P= 0.001); T-score column -0.6 group O, -0.6 group A, -1.3 group B (P= 0.05). &#x2022;&#x2002;A statistically significant negative correlation exists between values of &#x3b2;-crosslaps and T-score femur (R=-0.251; P= 0.009) and T-score column (R=-0.324; P= 0.001); thus, a higher concentration of &#x3b2;-crosslaps was accompanied by a lower value of the T-score and a greater loss of BMD. &#x2022;&#x2002;A positive relationship is observed between &#x3b2;-crosslaps and osteocalcin (R= 0.611; P < 0.001) and between calciuria and cocient &#x3b2;-crosslaps/osteocalcin (R= 0.303; P= 0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: &#x2022;&#x2002;A statistically significant relationship is shown between the loss of BMD and relapsed calcium renal lithiasis. &#x2022;&#x2002;Determination of bone remodelling markers (i.e. osteocalcin and &#x3b2;-crosslaps) facilitates the diagnosis of osteopaenia/osteoporosis in these patients.},
}
@article {pmid21544885,
year = {2012},
author = {Tayefi-Nasrabadi, H and Sadigh-Eteghad, S and Aghdam, Z},
title = {The effects of the hydroalcohol extract of Rosa canina L. fruit on experimentally nephrolithiasic Wistar rats.},
journal = {Phytotherapy research : PTR},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {78-85},
doi = {10.1002/ptr.3519},
pmid = {21544885},
issn = {1099-1573},
mesh = {Animals ; Antioxidants/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Citric Acid/metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; Drinking Water ; Ethylene Glycol ; Fruit ; Kidney/drug effects/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/chemically induced/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; Lipid Peroxides/metabolism ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; *Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Potassium Citrate/administration &amp; dosage ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rosa/*chemistry ; },
abstract = {This research evaluated the possible therapeutic potential of Rosa canina (RC) as a preventive agent in experimentally induced calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis with ethylene glycol (1% EG) in rats. In this experiment, 50 Wistar rats were divided randomly into five groups (n = 10). These groups received tap drinking water (group I), 1% EG (group II), 250 mg/kg RC + 1% EG (group III), 500 mg/kg RC + 1% EG (group IV), or 2.5 g/kg potassium citrate + 1% EG (group V) for a period of 30 days. Blood and urine were collected for biochemical analysis, and the liver and kidneys were prepared for total lipid peroxides, calcium content and histological evaluation. The extract was analysed for total phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, citric acid and radical scavenger activity. The supplementation of the hydromethanol RC extract contributed to reducing the kidney and liver lipid peroxides to optimum levels in rats that had been treated with EG-induced CaOx lithiasis. The extract also decreased renal and urinary calcium contents, decreased the size and number of CaOx calculi in the kidneys, and significantly increased citrate excretion without changing the volume, pH, or urinary concentrations of oxalate in comparison with the control group. According to these results, RC can be useful as a preventive agent against the formation of CaOx kidney stones.},
}
@article {pmid21505756,
year = {2012},
author = {Spivacow, FR and Negri, AL and del Valle, EE and Fradinger, E and Martinez, C and Polonsky, A},
title = {Persistence of hypercalciuria after successful surgical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {44},
number = {3},
pages = {857-863},
pmid = {21505756},
issn = {1573-2584},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Creatinine/blood/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/blood/complications/*etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/complications/surgery/*urine ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Parathyroidectomy ; Phosphorus/blood/urine ; Postoperative Period ; Preoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) causes hypercalciuria and stone disease in a subset of patients. Hypercalciuria typically normalizes after surgery, although the risk of stone formation may persist up to 10 years. There are few reports in the literature that show persistent hypercalciuria despite normalization of serum calcium after parathyroid surgery. We retrospectively analyzed 111 patients with PHPT from the osteoporosis, and stone clinics seen between 1999 and 2006. We selected only patients who had a complete metabolic profile that included 24-hour collections before and at least 3 months after parathyroidectomy. We excluded patients who had creatinine clearance <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Fifty-four patients were selected for further analysis, 46 with baseline hypercalciuria and 8 with normocalciuria. Changes in filtered load of calcium and fractional excretion of calcium were evaluated before and after parathyroid surgery. Total and ionized calcium and phosphorus normalized in all patients after surgery (24 ± 19 months); fractional excretion of calcium decreased, but did not normalize. Hypercalciuria persisted after surgery in 30.7% (n = 12/39) of the women and 50% (n = 4/8) of men. Of the patients in whom calciuria normalized after parathyroidectomy, 43.3% (n = 13/30) had kidney stones before surgery, whereas kidney stones were present in 87.5% (n = 14/16) in those in whom hypercalciuria persisted postsurgery. In hypercalciuric men and women before surgery in whom hypercalciuria persisted after surgery, fractional excretion of calcium was significantly higher than that in patients with normocalciuria.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Persistently increased fractional excretion of calcium could explain the sustained increased risk of stone disease in patients with PHPT for many years after successful parathyroidectomy.},
}
@article {pmid21441130,
year = {2011},
author = {Letavernier, E and Traxer, O and Daudon, M and Tligui, M and Hubert-Brierre, J and Guerrot, D and Sebag, A and Baud, L and Haymann, JP},
title = {Determinants of osteopenia in male renal-stone-disease patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN},
volume = {6},
number = {5},
pages = {1149-1154},
pmid = {21441130},
issn = {1555-905X},
mesh = {Adult ; *Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis/epidemiology/metabolism ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; *Hypercalciuria/diagnosis/epidemiology/metabolism ; *Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/epidemiology/metabolism ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Osteoporosis/diagnosis/epidemiology/metabolism ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bone demineralization is frequent in renal-stone formers with hypercalciuria. Although this pathologic link has been recognized for decades, the underlying mechanisms and risk factors associated with osteopenia/osteoporosis in this population remain partially understood.<br><br>This study retrospectively analyzed determinants of low bone mineral density (BMD) in 65 idiopathic hypercalciuric male renal-stone formers. Clinical and biologic evaluation included BMD measurement, bone-remodeling markers, analysis of calcium metabolism with oral calcium load test, and dietary inquiry.<br><br>RESULTS: Patients with osteopenia (n=23, 35% of the population) presented significantly higher fasting calciuria as compared with normal bone density patients (n=42) (calcium/creatinine ratio was 0.32 versus 0.24 mmol/mmol; P=0.006). Analysis of the whole population revealed a negative association between fasting hypercalciuria and BMD (P = 0.003), independent of confounding variables including body-mass index and tobacco consumption. The fasting calcium/creatinine ratio above 0.25 mmol/mmol was associated with a 3.8-fold increase in the risk of low BMD.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In our study, fasting hypercalciuria after a 2-day calcium-restricted diet appears as the only biologic factor associated with low BMD, suggesting a bone-calcium efflux. Our results support the view of a parathyroid-independent pathologic process that remains to be identified. Hypercalciuric patients with low BMD do not excrete more calcium in 24-hour urine samples than patients without low BMD.},
}
@article {pmid21435718,
year = {2011},
author = {Petersen, OH and Gerasimenko, OV and Tepikin, AV and Gerasimenko, JV},
title = {Aberrant Ca(2+) signalling through acidic calcium stores in pancreatic acinar cells.},
journal = {Cell calcium},
volume = {50},
number = {2},
pages = {193-199},
doi = {10.1016/j.ceca.2011.02.010},
pmid = {21435718},
issn = {1532-1991},
support = {G0300076/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; G0700167/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; G8801575/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Acids/*metabolism ; Acinar Cells/*metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Cholecystokinin/metabolism ; Cyclic ADP-Ribose/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects/metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/pharmacology ; Humans ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors/metabolism ; NADP/analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; Pancreas, Exocrine/*cytology/metabolism ; Pancreatitis/metabolism/pathology ; Secretory Vesicles/metabolism ; Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Pancreatic acinar cells possess a very large Ca(2+) store in the endoplasmic reticulum, but also have extensive acidic Ca(2+) stores. Whereas the endoplasmic reticulum is principally located in the baso-lateral part of the cells, although with extensions into the granular area, the acidic stores are exclusively present in the apical part. The two types of stores can be differentiated pharmacologically because the endoplasmic reticulum accumulates Ca(2+) via SERCA pumps, whereas the acidic pools require functional vacuolar H(+) pumps in order to maintain a high intra-organellar Ca(2+) concentration. The human disease acute pancreatitis is initiated by trypsinogen activation in the apical pole and this is mostly due to either complications arising from gall bladder stones or excessive alcohol consumption. Attention has therefore been focussed on assessing the acute effects of bile acids as well as alcohol metabolites. The evidence accumulated so far indicates that bile acids and fatty acid ethyl esters - the non-oxidative products of alcohol and fatty acids - exert their pathological effects primarily by excessive Ca(2+) release from the acidic stores. This occurs by opening of the very same release channels that are also responsible for normal stimulus-secretion coupling, namely inositol trisphosphate and ryanodine receptors. The inositol trisphosphate receptors are of particular importance and the results of gene deletion experiments indicate that the fatty acid ethyl esters mainly utilize sub-types 2 and 3.},
}
@article {pmid21422754,
year = {2011},
author = {Telci, D and Dogan, AU and Ozbek, E and Polat, EC and Simsek, A and Cakir, SS and Yeloglu, HO and Sahin, F},
title = {KLOTHO gene polymorphism of G395A is associated with kidney stones.},
journal = {American journal of nephrology},
volume = {33},
number = {4},
pages = {337-343},
doi = {10.1159/000325505},
pmid = {21422754},
issn = {1421-9670},
mesh = {Adult ; Alleles ; Calcium/metabolism ; Exons ; Female ; Genotype ; Glucuronidase/*genetics ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics ; Klotho Proteins ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/metabolism ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIMS: KLOTHO, a type-1 transmembrane protein with glucurodinase activity, is expressed in tissues responsible for calcium homeostasis such as the kidney, parathyroid gland and the epithelium of the choroid plexus in the brain. Given the emerging evidence indicating a novel regulatory function for KLOTHO protein in renal calcium and phosphate homeostasis, the present study aims to investigate the association between KLOTHO genetic polymorphisms and kidney stone (KS).<br><br>METHODS: KLOTHO gene polymorphisms G395A in the promoter region, F252V in exon 2, and C1818T in exon 4 were investigated in 108 patients with renal calcium stone formation and 51 age-matched healthy volunteers with no history of renal stone formation, using polymerase chain reaction.<br><br>RESULTS: GG genotype of G395A KLOTHO polymorphism had approximately 2-fold increased KS risk compared with the homozygous genotype AA and heterozygote GA (OR 1.849, 95% CI 1.016-3.364, p = 0.044). We also found that non-A allele carriers had significantly higher KS risk associated with the KS clinical characteristics including hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and phosphaturia.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that the G395A polymorphism of KLOTHO gene is associated with the KSs and may act as a risk factor for the development of KS disease.},
}
@article {pmid21420116,
year = {2011},
author = {Chou, YH and Juo, SH and Chiu, YC and Liu, ME and Chen, WC and Chang, CC and Chang, WP and Chang, JG and Chang, WC},
title = {A polymorphism of the ORAI1 gene is associated with the risk and recurrence of calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {185},
number = {5},
pages = {1742-1746},
doi = {10.1016/j.juro.2010.12.094},
pmid = {21420116},
issn = {1527-3792},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*genetics ; Calcium Signaling/*genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithiasis/*genetics ; ORAI1 Protein ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Recurrence ; Risk ; Taiwan ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Store-operated calcium entry has been considered an important factor to regulate inflammatory reactions in nonexcitable cells. However, the effects of genetic polymorphisms of ORAI1, a main component of store-operated calcium channels, on nephrolithiasis and stone recurrence remain unclear. We investigated the association between calcium containing nephrolithiasis and genetic variants of ORAI1 gene in Taiwanese patients.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study was performed in 136 patients with nephrolithiasis and 500 controls. Five tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms of ORAI1 were selected for genotyping. ORAI1 genotypes were determined by TaqMan&#xae; assay. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in cases and controls was assessed, and genetic effects were evaluated by the chi-square test and sliding window haplotype analysis. Subset analysis was done according to family history.<br><br>RESULTS: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs12313273 and rs6486795) of the ORAI1 gene were associated with the risk of nephrolithiasis. The C allele carrier for rs12313273 was strongly related to recurrent stone forming in patients. On sliding window analysis the results of the 2 (rs12313273 and rs7135617) and the 3 (rs12313273, rs7135617 and rs6486795) single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes had more significant effects on the risk of nephrolithiasis than the single nucleotide polymorphism rs12313273.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first study identifying the novel polymorphisms of the ORAI1 gene, which may predispose to the risk of calcium nephrolithiasis and disease recurrence.},
}
@article {pmid21340610,
year = {2011},
author = {Gürgöze, MK and Sarı, MY},
title = {Results of medical treatment and metabolic risk factors in children with urolithiasis.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {26},
number = {6},
pages = {933-937},
pmid = {21340610},
issn = {1432-198X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*diet therapy/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Citric Acid/urine ; Cystinuria/diagnosis/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/diagnosis/urine ; Hyperoxaluria/diagnosis/urine ; Infant ; Male ; Phosphates/urine ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinalysis ; Urolithiasis/complications/*diet therapy/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Data on conservative treatment in children with urolithiasis are limited. The aim of the study was to determine the metabolic etiology and results of conservative treatment in children with urolithiasis. We evaluated the clinical presentation and metabolic features of 112 children with urolithiasis. The mean age at diagnosis of urolithiasis was 3.9 (range 0.1-18) years, and follow-up duration was 16.7 (range 1-36) months. The most common presenting symptoms were flank or abdominal pain and restlessness (25%). Urine analysis revealed metabolic abnormalities in 92% of cases, including hypocitraturia (42%), hyperoxaluria (32.1%), hypercalcuria (25%), hyperuricosuria (9.8%), and cystinuria (2.7%). Patients who had metabolic risk factors were treated according to underlying metabolic abnormalities. About half of these patients were stone free or stones were diminished in size. These results showed that early recognition and treatment of urinary metabolic abnormalities will reduce the number of invasive procedures and renal damage in children with urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid21329669,
year = {2011},
author = {Chutipongtanate, S and Thongboonkerd, V},
title = {Ceftriaxone crystallization and its potential role in kidney stone formation.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {406},
number = {3},
pages = {396-402},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.053},
pmid = {21329669},
issn = {1090-2104},
mesh = {Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration &amp; dosage/*chemistry/pharmacokinetics ; Calcium/chemistry/metabolism ; Ceftriaxone/administration &amp; dosage/*chemistry/pharmacokinetics ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Line ; Crystallization ; Dogs ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*chemistry ; Nephrolithiasis/*chemically induced ; },
abstract = {Drug-induced nephrolithiasis contributes to 1-2% of the incidence of renal calculi. We examined whether ceftriaxone at therapeutic doses could be crystallized in the urine and also explored its role in kidney stone formation. Crystallization was induced by mixing ceftriaxone sodium at therapeutic urinary excretion levels (0.5-4.0 mg/ml) to calcium chloride at physiologic urinary concentration (5mM) in deionized (dI) water or artificial urine (AU). The results showed that ceftriaxone was crystallized with free calcium in dose- and time-dependent manner. These ceftriaxone/calcium crystals showed birefringence property under polarized microscope. Individual crystals had needle-shape (5-100 μm in length), whereas the aggregated form had star-burst and irregular-plate shape (40-200 μm in diameter) (note that the crystal sizes were much larger than renal tubular lumens). Calcium-depletion assay revealed that crystallization required free calcium as a substrate. In AU, crystallization remained although it was partially inhibited when compared to that in dI water. Finally, these crystals could tightly adhere onto renal tubular cell surface. Our data demonstrated that ceftriaxone at therapeutic levels could be crystallized with free calcium in the urine under physiologic condition. We hypothesize that tubular occlusion and crystal-cell adhesion may play important role in pathogenic mechanisms of ceftriaxone-induced nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid21289988,
year = {2011},
author = {Zeng, J and Yang, F and Zhang, W and Gong, Q and Du, Y and Ling, J},
title = {Association between dental pulp stones and calcifying nanoparticles.},
journal = {International journal of nanomedicine},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {109-118},
pmid = {21289988},
issn = {1178-2013},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*chemistry/metabolism ; Culture Techniques ; *Dental Pulp Calcification ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Middle Aged ; Nanoparticles/*chemistry ; Phosphates/chemistry/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The etiology of dental pulp stones, one type of extraskeletal calcification disease, remains elusive to date. Calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs), formerly referred to as nanobacteria, were reported to be one etiological factor in a number of extraskeletal calcification diseases. We hypothesized that CNPs are involved in the calcification of the dental pulp tissue, and therefore investigated the link between CNPs and dental pulp stones. Sixty-five freshly collected dental pulp stones, each from a different patient, were analyzed. Thirteen of the pulp stones were examined for the existence of CNPs in situ by immunohistochemical staining (IHS), indirect immunofluorescence staining (IIFS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The remaining 52 pulp stones were used for isolation and cultivation of CNPs; the cultured CNPs were identified and confirmed via their shape and growth characteristics. Among the dental pulp stones examined in situ, 84.6% of the tissue samples staines positive for CNPs antigen by IHS; the corresponding rate by IIFS was 92.3 %. In 88.2% of the cultured samples, CNPs were isolated and cultivated successfully. The CNPs were visible under TEM as 200-400 nm diameter spherical particles surrounded by a compact crust. CNPs could be detected and isolated from a high percentage of dental pulp stones, suggesting that CNPs might play an important role in the calcification of dental pulp.},
}
@article {pmid21170867,
year = {2010},
author = {Petrazzuolo, O and Trepiccione, F and Zacchia, M and Capasso, G},
title = {Hypertension and renal calcium transport.},
journal = {Journal of nephrology},
volume = {23 Suppl 16},
number = {},
pages = {S112-7},
pmid = {21170867},
issn = {1121-8428},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/etiology ; Hypertension/complications/*metabolism ; Ion Transport ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Calcium homeostasis is altered in hypertensive patients. Indeed several investigators have reported that sodium-sensitive hypertension is associated with hypercalciuria. On the other hand, an independent clinical association exists between the occurrence of urolithiasis and hypertension, but the molecular mechanism(s) involved in stone formation by high blood pressure have not been so far clarified. To understand this association, it is obvious that we should analyze the effect of hypertension on the transport proteins involved in the renal calcium handling. In the kidney, the tubular reabsorption of calcium may proceed through transcellular and paracellular routes. At variance with the proximal tubule, along the distal segment, calcium transport is entirely sodium independent and occurs via the transcellular pathway. In particular, transcellular calcium reabsorption proceeds through a well-controlled sequence of events consisting of luminal calcium entry via the epithelial calcium channel (TRPV5), cytosolic diffusion of calcium bound to calbindin-D28K, and basolateral extrusion of calcium through the Na/Ca exchanger (NCX1) and plasma membrane Ca-ATPase (PMCA). It is highly likely that these proteins may be altered in hypertensive disease thus justifying and explaining the reported hypercalciuria. Experiments in hypertensive strains of animals exhibiting hypercalciuria may help to solve this puzzle.},
}
@article {pmid21272865,
year = {2011},
author = {Swaddiwudhipong, W and Mahasakpan, P and Limpatanachote, P and Krintratun, S},
title = {An association between urinary cadmium and urinary stone disease in persons living in cadmium-contaminated villages in northwestern Thailand: a population study.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {111},
number = {4},
pages = {579-583},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2011.01.007},
pmid = {21272865},
issn = {1096-0953},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cadmium/*urine ; Environmental Exposure/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Environmental Pollutants/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thailand/epidemiology ; Urinary Calculi/*epidemiology/urine ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {Excessive urinary calcium excretion is the major risk of urinary stone formation. Very few population studies have been performed to determine the relationship between environmental cadmium exposure and urinary stone disease. This population-based study examined an association between urinary cadmium excretion, a good biomarker of long-term cadmium exposure, and prevalence of urinary stones in persons aged 15 years and older, who lived in the 12 cadmium-contaminated villages in the Mae Sot District, Tak Province, northwestern Thailand. A total of 6748 persons were interviewed and screened for urinary cadmium and urinary stone disease in 2009. To test a correlation between urinary excretion of cadmium and calcium, we measured urinary calcium content in 1492 persons, who lived in 3 villages randomly selected from the 12 contaminated villages. The rate of urinary stones significantly increased from 4.3% among persons in the lowest quartile of urinary cadmium to 11.3% in the highest quartile. An increase in stone prevalence with increasing urinary cadmium levels was similarly observed in both genders. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between urinary cadmium levels and stone prevalence, after adjusting for other co-variables. The urinary calcium excretion significantly increased with increasing urinary cadmium levels in both genders, after adjusting for other co-variables. Elevated calciuria induced by cadmium might increase the risk of urinary stone formation in this environmentally exposed population.},
}
@article {pmid21179406,
year = {2010},
author = {Chadwick, W and Zhou, Y and Park, SS and Wang, L and Mitchell, N and Stone, MD and Becker, KG and Martin, B and Maudsley, S},
title = {Minimal peroxide exposure of neuronal cells induces multifaceted adaptive responses.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {5},
number = {12},
pages = {e14352},
pmid = {21179406},
issn = {1932-6203},
support = {//Intramural NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Aging ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genomics ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Models, Biological ; Neurons/*metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Peroxides/*chemistry ; Proteomics/methods ; },
abstract = {Oxidative exposure of cells occurs naturally and may be associated with cellular damage and dysfunction. Protracted low level oxidative exposure can induce accumulated cell disruption, affecting multiple cellular functions. Accumulated oxidative exposure has also been proposed as one of the potential hallmarks of the physiological/pathophysiological aging process. We investigated the multifactorial effects of long-term minimal peroxide exposure upon SH-SY5Y neural cells to understand how they respond to the continued presence of oxidative stressors. We show that minimal protracted oxidative stresses induce complex molecular and physiological alterations in cell functionality. Upon chronic exposure to minimal doses of hydrogen peroxide, SH-SY5Y cells displayed a multifactorial response to the stressor. To fully appreciate the peroxide-mediated cellular effects, we assessed these adaptive effects at the genomic, proteomic and cellular signal processing level. Combined analyses of these multiple levels of investigation revealed a complex cellular adaptive response to the protracted peroxide exposure. This adaptive response involved changes in cytoskeletal structure, energy metabolic shifts towards glycolysis and selective alterations in transmembrane receptor activity. Our analyses of the global responses to chronic stressor exposure, at multiple biological levels, revealed a viable neural phenotype in-part reminiscent of aged or damaged neural tissue. Our paradigm indicates how cellular physiology can subtly change in different contexts and potentially aid the appreciation of stress response adaptations.},
}
@article {pmid21123491,
year = {2011},
author = {Hering-Smith, KS and Schiro, FR and Pajor, AM and Hamm, LL},
title = {Calcium sensitivity of dicarboxylate transport in cultured proximal tubule cells.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Renal physiology},
volume = {300},
number = {2},
pages = {F425-32},
pmid = {21123491},
issn = {1522-1466},
support = {DK54952/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P20RR017659/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Citrates/metabolism ; Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*metabolism ; Opossums ; Rabbits ; Succinic Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Urinary citrate is an important inhibitor of calcium nephrolithiasis and is primarily determined by proximal tubule reabsorption. The major transporter to reabsorb citrate is Na(+)-dicarboxylate cotransporter (NaDC1), which transports dicarboxylates, including the divalent form of citrate. We previously found that opossum kidney (OK) proximal tubule cells variably express either divalent or trivalent citrate transport, depending on extracellular calcium. The present studies were performed to delineate the mechanism of the effect of calcium on citrate and succinate transport in these cells. Transport was measured using isotope uptake assays. In some studies, NaDC1 transport was studied in Xenopus oocytes, expressing either the rabbit or opossum ortholog. In the OK cell culture model, lowering extracellular calcium increased both citrate and succinate transport by more than twofold; the effect was specific in that glucose transport was not altered. Citrate and succinate were found to reciprocally inhibit transport at low extracellular calcium (<60 μM), but not at normal calcium (1.2 mM); this mutual inhibition is consistent with dicarboxylate transport. The inhibition varied progressively at intermediate levels of extracellular calcium. In addition to changing the relative magnitude and interaction of citrate and succinate transport, decreasing calcium also increased the affinity of the transport process for various other dicarboxylates. Also, the affinity for succinate, at low concentrations of substrate, was increased by calcium removal. In contrast, in oocytes expressing NaDC1, calcium did not have a similar effect on transport, indicating that NaDC1 could not likely account for the findings in OK cells. In summary, extracellular calcium regulates constitutive citrate and succinate transport in OK proximal tubule cells, probably via a novel transport process that is not NaDC1. The calcium effect on citrate transport parallels in vivo studies that demonstrate the regulation of urinary citrate excretion with urinary calcium excretion, a process that may be important in decreasing urinary calcium stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid21123489,
year = {2011},
author = {Bergsland, KJ and Zisman, AL and Asplin, JR and Worcester, EM and Coe, FL},
title = {Evidence for net renal tubule oxalate secretion in patients with calcium kidney stones.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Renal physiology},
volume = {300},
number = {2},
pages = {F311-8},
pmid = {21123489},
issn = {1522-1466},
support = {P01 DK056788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P01 DK56788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 RR024999/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/blood/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Little is known about the renal handling of oxalate in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH). To explore the role of tubular oxalate handling in IH and to evaluate whether differences exist between IH and normal controls, we studied 19 IH subjects, 8 normal subjects, and 2 bariatric stone formers (BSF) during a 1-day General Clinical Research Center protocol utilizing a low-oxalate diet. Urine and blood samples were collected at 30- to 60-min intervals while subjects were fasting and after they ate three meals providing known amounts of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, protein, oxalate, and calories. Plasma oxalate concentrations and oxalate-filtered loads were similar between patients (includes IH and BSF) and controls in both the fasting and fed states. Urinary oxalate excretion was significantly higher in patients vs. controls regardless of feeding state. Fractional excretion of oxalate (FEOx) was >1, suggesting tubular secretion of oxalate, in 6 of 19 IH and both BSF, compared with none of the controls (P < 0.00001). Adjusted for water extraction along the nephron, urine oxalate rose more rapidly among patients than normal subjects with increases in plasma oxalate. Our findings identify tubular secretion of oxalate as a key mediator of hyperoxaluria in calcium stone formers, potentially as a means of maintaining plasma oxalate in a tight range.},
}
@article {pmid21091994,
year = {2010},
author = {Wu, Z and Shen, W},
title = {Progesterone inhibits L-type calcium currents in gallbladder smooth muscle cells.},
journal = {Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology},
volume = {25},
number = {12},
pages = {1838-1843},
doi = {10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06299.x},
pmid = {21091994},
issn = {1440-1746},
mesh = {Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*pharmacology ; Calcium Channels, L-Type/*drug effects/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme Activation ; Enzyme Activators/pharmacology ; Gallbladder/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Membrane Potentials ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/*drug effects/metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium/metabolism ; Progesterone/*pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: The incidence of gallbladder stones is higher in women during pregnancy than in men. Progesterone can inhibit gallbladder motility and facilitate gallstone formation. However, the ionic mechanisms have not been fully illuminated. This study sought to investigate the effects of progesterone on L-type calcium currents and voltage-dependent potassium currents in gallbladder smooth muscle cells.<br><br>METHODS: Gallbladder smooth muscle cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion from adult guinea pigs. Ionic currents were recorded by the whole-cell patch clamp method.<br><br>RESULTS: Progesterone inhibited L-type calcium currents in a concentration-dependent manner. The characteristic of current-voltage curve was not significantly altered. The amplitude of calcium currents was gradually suppressed, reached a steady-state level within 4-6 min, and restored partly after washout. In the presence of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, Rp-cAMP, the inhibitory effect induced by progesterone was apparently attenuated, whereas forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, could suppress L-type calcium channel. However, progesterone did not significantly affect voltage-dependent potassium currents.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Progesterone inhibits L-type calcium channel by cAMP/PKA pathway in gallbladder smooth muscle cells. This may be an important mechanism for the gallbladder hypomotility induced by progesterone.},
}
@article {pmid21051502,
year = {2011},
author = {Rendina, D and De Filippo, G and Zampa, G and Muscariello, R and Mossetti, G and Strazzullo, P},
title = {Characteristic clinical and biochemical profile of recurrent calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis in patients with metabolic syndrome.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {26},
number = {7},
pages = {2256-2263},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/gfq664},
pmid = {21051502},
issn = {1460-2385},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*chemistry ; *Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome/*complications ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithiasis/*etiology ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for nephrolithiasis. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical and biochemical profile of calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis in stone formers with metabolic syndrome.<br><br>METHODS: A total of 526 recurrent stone formers, 184 of them with metabolic syndrome, and 214 controls were examined on a free diet and after a sodium-restricted diet (sodium intake < 100 mmol/24 h).<br><br>RESULTS: On free diet, stone formers with metabolic syndrome showed higher sodium excretion [mean (95% confidence interval), 196 (176-218) vs 160 (150-168) mmol/24 h; P < 0.01] and lower citrate excretion [2.23 (1.99-2.58) vs 2.84 (2.51-3.17) mmol/24 h; P < 0.01] compared to controls, whereas stone formers without metabolic syndrome showed higher calcium and oxalate excretion [5.43 (5.01-5.82) vs 3.58 (2.84-4.19) and 0.34 (0.32-0.36) vs 0.26 (0.20-0.31)m mmol/24 h for calcium and oxalate, respectively; P < 0.01] and lower citrate excretion [2.18 (1.98-2.38) vs 2.84 (2.51-3.17) mmol/24 h; P < 0.01] compared to controls. The ion activity product of urinary calcium-oxalate salts was similar between stone formers with and without metabolic syndrome [1.41 (1.31-1.59) vs 1.40 (1.35-1.45); P > 0.05]. After the test diet, this index was lower in diet-compliant stone formers with metabolic syndrome compared to diet-compliant stone formers without metabolic syndrome [1.15 (1.10-1.21) vs 1.39 (1.31-1.45); P < 0.01].<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The biochemical profiles and responses to the sodium-restricted diet were significantly different between stone formers with metabolic syndrome and those without. Dietary habits play a central role in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis in stone formers with metabolic syndrome.},
}
@article {pmid20962745,
year = {2011},
author = {Vezzoli, G and Terranegra, A and Arcidiacono, T and Soldati, L},
title = {Genetics and calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {80},
number = {6},
pages = {587-593},
doi = {10.1038/ki.2010.430},
pmid = {20962745},
issn = {1523-1755},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/genetics ; Models, Biological ; Nephrocalcinosis/genetics/metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/*genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics ; },
abstract = {Calcium nephrolithiasis is one of the most prevalent uronephrologic disorders in the western countries. Studies in families and twins evidenced a genetic predisposition to calcium nephrolithiasis. Family-based or case-control studies of single-candidate genes evidenced the possible involvement of calcium-sensing receptor (CASR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), and osteopontin (OPN) gene polymorphisms in stone formation. The only high-throughput genome-wide association study identified claudin 14 (CLDN14) gene as a possible major gene of nephrolithiasis. Specific phenotypes were related with these genes: CASR gene in normocitraturic patients, VDR gene in hypocitraturic patients with severe clinical course, and CLDN14 gene in hypercalciuric patients. The pathogenetic weight of these genes remains unclear, but an alteration of their expression may occur in stone formers. Technological skills, accurate clinical examination, and a detailed phenotype description are the basis to get new insight about the genetic basis of nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid20947503,
year = {2010},
author = {Touchberry, CD and Bales, IK and Stone, JK and Rohrberg, TJ and Parelkar, NK and Nguyen, T and Fuentes, O and Liu, X and Qu, CK and Andresen, JJ and Valdivia, HH and Brotto, M and Wacker, MJ},
title = {Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) potentiates cardiac contractility via activation of the ryanodine receptor.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {285},
number = {51},
pages = {40312-40321},
pmid = {20947503},
issn = {1083-351X},
support = {R01 HL055438/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; 1RC2AR058962-0110/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; R0I-HL055438/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes/pharmacology ; Fura-2/pharmacology ; Homeostasis/drug effects/physiology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Lipid Bilayers/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects/*physiology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/genetics/*metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism ; Ryanodine/pharmacology ; Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel/genetics/*metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) is the most recently identified phosphoinositide, and its functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Recently, members of our muscle group have shown that PI(3,5)P2 plays an important role in skeletal muscle function by altering Ca(2+) homeostasis. Therefore, we hypothesized that PI(3,5)P2 may also modulate cardiac muscle contractility by altering intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](i)) in cardiac myocytes. We first confirmed that PI(3,5)P2 was present and increased by insulin treatment of cardiomyocytes via immunohistochemistry. To examine the acute effects of PI(3,5)P2 treatment, electrically paced left ventricular muscle strips were incubated with PI(3,5)P2. Treatment with PI(3,5)P2 increased the magnitude of isometric force, the rate of force development, and the area associated with the contractile waveforms. These enhanced contractile responses were also observed in MIP/Mtmr14(-/-) mouse hearts, which we found to have elevated levels of PI(3,5)P2. In cardiac myocytes loaded with fura-2, PI(3,5)P2 produced a robust elevation in [Ca(2+)](i). The PI(3,5)P2-induced elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) was not present in conditions free of extracellular Ca(2+) and was completely blocked by ryanodine. We investigated whether the phosphoinositide acted directly with the Ca(2+) release channels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (ryanodine receptors; RyR2). PI(3,5)P2 increased [(3)H]ryanodine binding and increased the open probability (P(o)) of single RyR2 channels reconstituted in lipid bilayers. This strongly suggests that the phosphoinositide binds directly to the RyR2 channel. Thus, we provide inaugural evidence that PI(3,5)P2 is a powerful activator of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) release and thereby modulates cardiac contractility.},
}
@article {pmid20881241,
year = {2010},
author = {Elizondo, MR and Budi, EH and Parichy, DM},
title = {trpm7 regulation of in vivo cation homeostasis and kidney function involves stanniocalcin 1 and fgf23.},
journal = {Endocrinology},
volume = {151},
number = {12},
pages = {5700-5709},
pmid = {20881241},
issn = {1945-7170},
support = {F31 DK074369/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P01 GM078195/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HD040165/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 HD40165/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Homeostasis/physiology ; Kidney/*physiology ; Larva ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Mutation ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ; TRPM Cation Channels/genetics/*metabolism ; Zebrafish ; Zebrafish Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (trpm7) channel kinase is a primary regulator of magnesium homeostasis in vitro. Here we show that trpm7 is an important regulator of cation homeostasis as well as kidney function in vivo. Using zebrafish trpm7 mutants, we show that early larvae exhibit reduced levels of both total magnesium and total calcium. Accompanying these deficits, we show that trpm7 mutants express higher levels of stanniocalcin 1 (stc1), a potent regulator of calcium homeostasis. Using transgenic overexpression and morpholino oligonucleotide knockdown, we demonstrate that stc1 modulates both calcium and magnesium levels in trpm7 mutants and in the wild type and that levels of these cations are restored to normal in trpm7 mutants when stc1 activity is blocked. Consistent with defects in both calcium and phosphate homeostasis, we further show that trpm7 mutants develop kidney stones by early larval stages and exhibit increased levels of the anti-hyperphosphatemic factor, fibroblast growth factor 23 (fgf23). Finally, we demonstrate that elevated fgf23 expression contributes to kidney stone formation by morpholino knockdown of fgf23 in trpm7 mutants. Together, these analyses reveal roles for trpm7 in regulating cation homeostasis and kidney function in vivo and implicate both stc1 and fgf23 in these processes.},
}
@article {pmid20842614,
year = {2010},
author = {Knight, J and Assimos, DG and Easter, L and Holmes, RP},
title = {Metabolism of fructose to oxalate and glycolate.},
journal = {Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme},
volume = {42},
number = {12},
pages = {868-873},
pmid = {20842614},
issn = {1439-4286},
support = {R01 DK073732-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK73732/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK073732/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; M01 RR007122/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; M01 RR07122/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Female ; Fructose/adverse effects/*metabolism ; Glycolates/*metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/metabolism ; Male ; Oxalates/*metabolism/urine ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {Much attention has been recently directed at fructose consumption because of its association with obesity and subsequent development of chronic diseases. It was recently reported that an increased fructose intake increases the risk of forming kidney stones. It was postulated that fructose consumption may increase urinary oxalate, a risk factor for calcium oxalate kidney stone disease. However, conflicting results have been obtained in human studies examining the relationship between fructose metabolism and oxalate synthesis. To test whether fructose intake influences urinary excretions impacting kidney stone risk, healthy subjects consumed diets controlled in their contents of fructose, oxalate, calcium, and other nutrients. Subjects consumed diets containing 4, 13, and 21% of calories as fructose in a randomized order. No changes in the excretions of oxalate, calcium, and uric acid were observed. In vitro investigations with cultured liver cells incubated with (13)C-labeled sugars indicated that neither fructose nor glucose was converted to oxalate by these cells. Fructose metabolism accounted for 12.4 ± 1.6% of the glycolate detected in the culture medium and glucose 6.4 ± 0.9%. Our results suggest that mechanisms for stone risk associated with fructose intake may lie in factors other than those affecting the major stone risk parameters in urine.},
}
@article {pmid20823364,
year = {2010},
author = {Hurst, K},
title = {Primary hyperparathyroidism as a secondary cause of depression.},
journal = {Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM},
volume = {23},
number = {5},
pages = {677-680},
doi = {10.3122/jabfm.2010.05.090199},
pmid = {20823364},
issn = {1558-7118},
mesh = {Adult ; Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use ; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Depressive Disorder/drug therapy/*etiology/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/*psychology/surgery ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Parathyroidectomy ; Suicidal Ideation ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {A 27-year-old woman was initially diagnosed and treated for depression with suicide ideation. Thirteen months later, kidney stones, an elevated parathyroid hormone, and elevated calcium levels led to a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. The patient was treated for hyperparathyroidism by resection of the superior right parathyroid gland. When the calcium levels were regulated, the patient's moods, concentration, and memory were back to baseline.},
}
@article {pmid20632168,
year = {2010},
author = {Worcester, EM and Coe, FL},
title = {Evidence for altered renal tubule function in idiopathic calcium stone formers.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {38},
number = {4},
pages = {263-269},
pmid = {20632168},
issn = {1434-0879},
support = {P01 DK056788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 RR024999/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; NIDDK PO1 56788//PHS HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/*physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*physiopathology ; Lithium/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Rats ; },
abstract = {Patients who form calcium kidney stones often have metabolic disorders such as idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) that reflect abnormalities in mineral handling in the kidney. Renal handling of calcium is altered by ingestion of nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, and sodium, and patients with IH appear to be more sensitive to these stimuli. Studies using probes such as diuretics or lithium clearance have the ability to clarify which nephron segments are involved in the altered renal calcium transport with nutrient seen in IH. Studies in the genetic hypercalciuric rat demonstrate alterations in both proximal tubule and thick ascending limb calcium reabsorption. Similar studies in humans have begun to provide evidence about the corresponding abnormalities in stone formers with IH. A pattern of altered renal tubule transport in calcium stone formers is suggested by the frequency of such findings as decreased tubular maximal reabsorption of phosphate and abnormal urine acidification as well as hypercalciuria in such patients, not explained by monogenic transport abnormalities.},
}
@article {pmid20595678,
year = {2010},
author = {Bindels, RJ},
title = {2009 Homer W. Smith Award: Minerals in motion: from new ion transporters to new concepts.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {1263-1269},
doi = {10.1681/ASN.2010010001},
pmid = {20595678},
issn = {1533-3450},
mesh = {Animals ; Awards and Prizes ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Ion Pumps/*metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Mice ; Nephrons/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The kidneys play a critical role in maintaining the systemic balance of Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) cations. The reabsorptive capacity of these divalent cations adapt to changes in their plasma concentrations. Active reabsorption of Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) takes place in the distal convoluted and connecting tubules, respectively, and is initiated by cellular transport through selective transient receptor potential (TRP) channels located along the luminal membrane and modulated by hormonal stimuli. Recent characterization of underlying molecular defects in renal Mg(2+) handling illuminate complex transport processes in the kidney and their contribution to the overall mineral balance. Likewise, studies of Ca(2+) transport proteins in null mice disclose molecular mechanisms maintaining normal plasma Ca(2+) levels and the hypercalciuria-related adaptations important in the prevention of kidney stones. Current knowledge of Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) transport is summarized here as comprehensive cellular models of the distal nephron.},
}
@article {pmid20565975,
year = {2010},
author = {Vandenbeuch, A and Tizzano, M and Anderson, CB and Stone, LM and Goldberg, D and Kinnamon, SC},
title = {Evidence for a role of glutamate as an efferent transmitter in taste buds.},
journal = {BMC neuroscience},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {77},
pmid = {20565975},
issn = {1471-2202},
support = {P30 DC004657/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; P30 DC04657/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DC007495/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurons, Efferent/drug effects/*metabolism ; Receptors, Kainic Acid/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2X2 ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Taste Buds/drug effects/*metabolism ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 1/metabolism ; Vesicular Glutamate Transport Protein 2/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Glutamate has been proposed as a transmitter in the peripheral taste system in addition to its well-documented role as an umami taste stimulus. Evidence for a role as a transmitter includes the presence of ionotropic glutamate receptors in nerve fibers and taste cells, as well as the expression of the glutamate transporter GLAST in Type I taste cells. However, the source and targets of glutamate in lingual tissue are unclear. In the present study, we used molecular, physiological and immunohistochemical methods to investigate the origin of glutamate as well as the targeted receptors in taste buds.<br><br>RESULTS: Using molecular and immunohistochemical techniques, we show that the vesicular transporters for glutamate, VGLUT 1 and 2, but not VGLUT3, are expressed in the nerve fibers surrounding taste buds but likely not in taste cells themselves. Further, we show that P2X2, a specific marker for gustatory but not trigeminal fibers, co-localizes with VGLUT2, suggesting the VGLUT-expressing nerve fibers are of gustatory origin. Calcium imaging indicates that GAD67-GFP Type III taste cells, but not T1R3-GFP Type II cells, respond to glutamate at concentrations expected for a glutamate transmitter, and further, that these responses are partially blocked by NBQX, a specific AMPA/Kainate receptor antagonist. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry confirm the presence of the Kainate receptor GluR7 in Type III taste cells, suggesting it may be a target of glutamate released from gustatory nerve fibers.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results suggest that glutamate may be released from gustatory nerve fibers using a vesicular mechanism to modulate Type III taste cells via GluR7.},
}
@article {pmid20553254,
year = {2011},
author = {Xi, Q and Wang, S and Ye, Z and Liu, J and Yu, X and Zhu, Z and Su, S and Bai, J and Li, C},
title = {Adenovirus-delivered microRNA targeting the vitamin D receptor reduces intracellular Ca[2+] concentrations by regulating the expression of Ca[2+]-transport proteins in renal epithelial cells.},
journal = {BJU international},
volume = {107},
number = {8},
pages = {1314-1319},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09444.x},
pmid = {20553254},
issn = {1464-410X},
mesh = {Adenoviridae/genetics ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Targeting/*methods ; Hypercapnia/genetics/metabolism ; Intracellular Fluid/metabolism ; Kidney Cortex/metabolism/pathology ; MicroRNAs/*genetics ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases/biosynthesis/*genetics ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Rats ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics/metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Urothelium/*metabolism/pathology ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: What’s known on the subject? and What does the study add? Experimental data have shown that VDR overexpression in the duodenum and kidney cortex is a biological characteristic of genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats (GHS rat), and a link between idiopathic calcium stone formation and the microstatellite marker D12S339 (near the VDR locus) has been proven in humans. Our study shows that VDR can positively regulate the mRNA and protein expression of TRPV5, calbindin-D28k and PMCA1b in NRK cell lines. VDR knockdown results in a decrease in intracellular Ca[2+] concentration in NRK cell lines. The effect of the elevated VDR level in the kidney on hypercalciuria and the underlying mechanisms need to be further addressed.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: &#x2022; To determine the effects of vitamin D receptor (VDR) on hypercalciuria and the mechanisms underlying such effects.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: &#x2022; The adenovirus vector-delivered microRNA targeting rat VDR was constructed. We infected the normal rat kidney epithelial cell line NRK (Cellbank, China) with the adenovirus and then collected the cells at 0, 48, 72, 96, 120 h after infection. The mRNA and protein levels of VDR and VDR-dependent epithelial Ca2+ transport proteins were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays, respectively. &#x2022; Fluorescent Ca&#xb2;&#x207a; indicator Fluo-4 NW (Fluo-4 NW calcium assay kit, Molecular Probes, Invitrogen, USA) and laser scanning confocal microscope (Olympus, FV500-IX71, Japan) were used to detect the cytosolic free Ca&#xb2;&#x207a; concentration at different time points after infection.<br><br>RESULTS: &#x2022; The mRNA and protein level of VDR, transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor subtype 5 (TRPV5), calbindin-D28k and plasma membrane Ca&#xb2;&#x207a;-ATPase (PMCA1b) in infected NRK cells was significantly lower at 72 and 96 h after infection than that in control cells. &#x2022; There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mRNA and protein level of TRPV6 and the Na&#x207a;/Ca&#xb2;&#x207a;-exchanger (NCX1). &#x2022; Furthermore, VDR knockdown results in a decrease in intracellular Ca&#xb2;&#x207a; concentration ([Ca&#xb2;&#x207a;]i) in NRK cell lines.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: &#x2022; Our study shows that VDR can positively regulate the mRNA and protein expression of TRPV5, calbindin-D28k and PMCA1b, but not of TRPV6 or NCX1, in NRK cell lines. VDR knockdown results in a decrease in [Ca&#xb2;&#x207a;]i in NRK cell lines. &#x2022; The effect of the elevated VDR level in the kidney on hypercalciuria and the mechanisms underlying need to be further addressed.},
}
@article {pmid20445282,
year = {2010},
author = {Ohshima, H},
title = {[Secondary osteoporosis UPDATE. Bone loss due to bed rest and human space flight study].},
journal = {Clinical calcium},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {709-716},
pmid = {20445282},
issn = {0917-5857},
mesh = {*Bed Rest ; Bone Resorption ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Osteoporosis/*etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Risk ; *Space Flight ; Urolithiasis/etiology ; Weightlessness/*adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Bone loss and renal stone are significant medical concerns for bed rest subjects and space flight astronauts. Bone mineral loss occurs as secondary osteoporosis due to the unloading of weight bearing bones during bed rest and space flight. Increased bone resorption and bone metabolic uncoupling promote bone loss through the release of calcium from unloaded weight bearing bones. The rate of bone mineral loss during bed rest and space flight is about 1-2 percent per month, and recovery requires a period three or four times longer. To prevent bone loss caused by bed rest and space flight, a prophylactic countermeasure program based on scientific evidence should be developed.},
}
@article {pmid20431193,
year = {2010},
author = {Brown, DM and Dickson, C and Duncan, P and Al-Attili, F and Stone, V},
title = {Interaction between nanoparticles and cytokine proteins: impact on protein and particle functionality.},
journal = {Nanotechnology},
volume = {21},
number = {21},
pages = {215104},
doi = {10.1088/0957-4484/21/21/215104},
pmid = {20431193},
issn = {1361-6528},
mesh = {Adsorption ; Analysis of Variance ; Calcium/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Line ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/chemistry/metabolism ; Interleukin-8/*chemistry/metabolism ; Nanoparticles/adverse effects/*chemistry ; Particle Size ; Soot/*chemistry/metabolism/pharmacokinetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*chemistry/metabolism ; },
abstract = {There is increased use of nanomaterials in many applications due to their unique properties, such as their high surface area and surface reactivity. However, the potential health effects to workers, consumers and the environment exposed to nanoparticles (NPs) is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether NPs which may enter the body could adsorb proteins and whether this interaction affects both the particle and the protein function. The cytokines IL-8 and TNF-alpha were adsorbed significantly more by 14 nm carbon black (CB) compared with a similar dose of 260 nm CB. Uncoated 14 nm CB particles produced a significant increase in intracellular calcium [Ca(2 +)](i) which was greater than a similar mass dose of 260 nm CB. The 260 nm CB produced an increase in ICAM-1 expression in A549 epithelial cells at a comparable dose of 14 nm CB, and after coating with TNF-alpha 260 nm CB produced significantly more ICAM-1 expression compared with control cells. TNF-alpha bound to 14 nm CB induced a level of ICAM-1 expression that was no greater than the control level, suggesting that the TNF-alpha activity may be inhibited. These results suggest that NP-protein interaction results both in a decrease in protein function and particle activity in the cellular assays tested and this is currently being investigated.},
}
@article {pmid20157217,
year = {2010},
author = {Valle Díaz de la Guardia, F and Arrabal Martín, M and Arrabal Polo, MA and Quirosa Flores, S and Miján Ortiz, JL and Zuluaga Gómez, A},
title = {Renal lithiasis in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Evolution and treatment.},
journal = {Archivos espanoles de urologia},
volume = {63},
number = {1},
pages = {32-40},
pmid = {20157217},
issn = {1576-8260},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/*complications/surgery ; Kidney Calculi/*complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroidectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The relationship between hyperparathyroidism and lithiasis is quite known, so the study of parathyroid glands is especially mandatory in the face of relapses. Our objective is to analyze both primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) associated with renal lithiasis and the evolution of this condition after parathyroidectomy, as well as to study factors associated with the presence of lithiasis or bone pathology, and carry out a review on bibliography.<br><br>METHODS: We describe a retrospective study of a series comprising 287 cases of hyperparathyroidism: 237 of them were primary and the remaining 50, secondary. We have included: sex, age, evolution time and symptoms, diagnostic tests (biochemical, radiological and histological). Factors such as number of episodes prior to diagnosis and treatments were analyzed in patients with symptomatic lithiasis to know whether patients exhibited residual lithiasis after the management of calculi or whether patients underwent episodes after parathyroidectomy, or whether or not they were treated. Statistical analysis was carried out through SPSS 15.0 for Windows.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty five percent of the patients had suffered lithiasis episodes; 50%, osteopenia/osteoporosis; 23%, musculoskeletal pain; 23%, asthenia and/or depressive syndrome. In 13.5% of cases, diagnosis was supported by the presence of hypercalcemia; no other symptoms were detected. We have analyzed factors that favor or inhibit renal lithiasis formation and compared biochemical parameters from the group of primary hyperthyroidism that exhibited lithiasis (41 patients) with those patients who did not (49). We noted that lithiasis patients showed higher values of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, intact PTH, mean PTH, osteocalcin, and chlorine/phosphate, calciuria and phosphaturia indexes. Student's t test on two independent samples revealed significant statistical differences in calcium levels (p<0.05), intact PTH (<.05) and osteocalcin.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Primary hyperparathyroidism patients with lithiasis presented higher values of parathormone, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and Cl/P and calciuria indexes than lithiasis-free PHPT patients. These patients exhibit objective improvement of symptoms after parathyroidectomy, and rarely a recurrence of lithiasis, a factor that generally coincides with persistence of residual lithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid20144595,
year = {2010},
author = {Liu, CC and Huang, SP and Tsai, LY and Wu, WJ and Juo, SH and Chou, YH and Huang, CH and Wu, MT},
title = {The impact of osteopontin promoter polymorphisms on the risk of calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
volume = {411},
number = {9-10},
pages = {739-743},
doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2010.02.007},
pmid = {20144595},
issn = {1873-3492},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Drinking Behavior ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteopontin/*genetics/urine ; Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/*genetics ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urolithiasis/*genetics/urine ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Osteopontin (OPN) is an important modulator of urolithiasis formation. Three functional polymorphisms (-66T/G, -156delG/G, and -443T/G) on the promoter region of the OPN gene have been found to affect the gene expression and transcriptional activity. This study investigated the association of those three functional polymorphisms with the risk of calcium urolithiasis.<br><br>METHODS: A total of 249 cases diagnosed with calcium urolithiasis and 247 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital between June, 2003 and February, 2007. All subjects completed a detailed questionnaire survey, and provided blood and urine samples for biochemical evaluations. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined by using TaqMan 5' allelic discrimination assay.<br><br>RESULTS: In-156delG/G polymorphism, subjects who carried delG allele had a significantly higher risk of developing calcium urolithiasis than those with G allele (odds ratio=1.39; 95% confidence interval=1.02-1.90; P=0.037). In stone cases, subjects with delG/G and delG/delG genotypes also had significantly higher urinary ratio of calcium to OPN than those with G/G genotype (11.8+/-15.9 vs 7.08+/-5.26, P=0.021).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The -156 delG/G polymorphism of OPN gene could serve as a candidate genetic marker used to evaluate the risk of calcium urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid20139080,
year = {2010},
author = {Aihara, T and Nakamura, M and Ueki, S and Hara, H and Miki, M and Arata, T},
title = {Switch action of troponin on muscle thin filament as revealed by spin labeling and pulsed EPR.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {285},
number = {14},
pages = {10671-10677},
pmid = {20139080},
issn = {1083-351X},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chickens ; Cysteine/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/*chemistry/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/*chemistry/metabolism ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation/genetics ; Protein Conformation ; Rabbits ; *Spin Labels ; Troponin C/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Troponin I/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {We have used pulsed electron-electron double resonance (PELDOR) spectroscopy to measure the distance between spin labels at Cys(133) of the regulatory region of TnI (TnI133) and a native or genetically substituted cysteine of TnC (TnC44, TnC61, or TnC98). In the +Ca(2+) state, the TnC44-TnI133-T distance was 42 A, with a narrow distribution (half-width of 9 A), suggesting that the regulatory region binds the N-lobe of TnC. Distances for TnC61-TnI133 and TnC98-TnI133 were also determined to be 38 A (width of 12 A) and 22 A (width of 3.4 A), respectively. These values were all consistent with recently published crystal structure (Vinogradova, M. V., Stone, D. B., Malanina, G. G., Karatzaferi, C., Cooke, R., Mendelson, R. A., and Fletterick, R. J. (2005) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102, 5038-5043). Similar distances were obtained with the same spin pairs on a reconstituted thin filament in the +Ca(2+) state. In the -Ca(2+) state, the distances displayed broad distributions, suggesting that the regulatory region of TnI was physically released from the N-lobe of TnC and consequently fluctuated over a variety of distances on a large scale (20-80 A). The interspin distance appeared longer on the filament than on troponin alone, consistent with the ability of the region to bind actin. These results support a concept that the regulatory region of TnI, as a molecular switch, binds to the exposed hydrophobic patch of TnC and traps the inhibitory region of TnI away from actin in Ca(2+) activation of muscle.},
}
@article {pmid20130196,
year = {2010},
author = {Chouhan, AK and Zhang, J and Zinsmaier, KE and Macleod, GT},
title = {Presynaptic mitochondria in functionally different motor neurons exhibit similar affinities for Ca2+ but exert little influence as Ca2+ buffers at nerve firing rates in situ.},
journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
volume = {30},
number = {5},
pages = {1869-1881},
pmid = {20130196},
issn = {1529-2401},
support = {R01 NS061914/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 NS061914-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; R21 NS055202/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Drosophila ; Larva ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Motor Neurons/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Presynaptic Terminals/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Mitochondria accumulate within nerve terminals and support synaptic function, most notably through ATP production. They can also sequester Ca(2+) during nerve stimulation, but it is unknown whether this limits presynaptic Ca(2+) levels at physiological nerve firing rates. Similarly, it is unclear whether mitochondrial Ca(2+) sequestration differs between functionally different nerve terminals. We addressed these questions using a combination of synthetic and genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicators to examine cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca(2+) levels in presynaptic terminals of tonic (MN13-Ib) and phasic (MNSNb/d-Is) motor neurons in Drosophila, which, as we determined, fire during fictive locomotion at approximately 42 Hz and approximately 8 Hz, respectively. Mitochondrial Ca(2+) sequestration starts in both terminals at approximately 250 nM, exhibits a similar Ca(2+)-uptake affinity (approximately 410 nM), and does not require Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Nonetheless, mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake in type Is terminals is more responsive to low-frequency nerve stimulation and this is due to higher cytosolic Ca(2+) levels. Since type Ib terminals have a higher mitochondrial density than Is terminals, it seemed possible that greater mitochondrial Ca(2+) sequestration may be responsible for the lower cytosolic Ca(2+) levels in Ib terminals. However, genetic and pharmacological manipulations of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake did not significantly alter nerve-stimulated elevations in cytosolic Ca(2+) levels in either terminal type within physiologically relevant rates of stimulation. Our findings indicate that presynaptic mitochondria have a similar affinity for Ca(2+) in functionally different nerve terminals, but do not limit cytosolic Ca(2+) levels within the range of motor neuron firing rates in situ.},
}
@article {pmid21534441,
year = {2010},
author = {Holt, K},
title = {Calcium imbalance, resulting disorders and the available prevention and treatment options.},
journal = {The Journal of practical nursing},
volume = {60},
number = {4},
pages = {13-21},
pmid = {21534441},
issn = {0022-3867},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*therapy ; Calcium, Dietary ; Dietary Supplements ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/diagnosis/physiopathology/therapy ; Hypocalcemia/diagnosis/physiopathology/therapy ; Kidney Calculi/physiopathology/prevention &amp; control ; Neoplasms/physiopathology/prevention &amp; control ; Nutrition Policy ; Osteoporosis/physiopathology/prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid20007079,
year = {2009},
author = {Luo, YL and Wang, YL and Li, NL and Zheng, TZ and Zhang, L and She, YL and Hu, SM},
title = {Actions of genistein on contractile response of smooth muscle isolated from guinea pig gallbladder.},
journal = {Hepatobiliary &amp; pancreatic diseases international : HBPD INT},
volume = {8},
number = {6},
pages = {614-619},
pmid = {20007079},
issn = {1499-3872},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Gallbladder/*drug effects/metabolism ; Gallstones/chemically induced ; Genistein/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle Contraction/*drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth/*drug effects/metabolism ; Phytoestrogens/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Histamine H2/drug effects/metabolism ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Defective contractile motility of the gallbladder is an important factor for gallstone formation. Estrogen might increase the risk of gallstones and cholecystitis, and estradiol inhibits the contractile activity of isolated strips of guinea pig gallbladder. The potential risks associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) include symptomatic gallstones. Phytoestrogen have been used to treat menopause syndromes by replacing traditional estrogen. This experiment aimed to determine the effects of the phytoestrogen genistein on the contractile response of smooth muscle strips isolated from guinea pig gallbladder and its possible mechanism of action.<br><br>METHODS: Guinea pigs were sacrificed to remove the whole gallbladder. Two or three smooth muscle strips were cut longitudinally. Each strip was suspended in a tissue chamber containing Krebs solution. After 2 hours of equilibration, contractile response indexes were recorded. Different concentrations of genistein were added to the chamber and the contractile responses were measured. Each antagonist was added 2 minutes before genistein to study possible mechanisms. The effect of genistein on calcium-dependent contraction curves and biphasic contraction in calcium-free Krebs solution were measured.<br><br>RESULTS: Genistein decreased the resting tension dose-dependently, and reduced the mean contractile amplitude and frequency in gallbladder strips. Ranitidine partly inhibited the effect of genistein, but methylene blue, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine, and propranolol hydrochloride did not influence this action. Genistein had no significant effects on calcium-dependent contraction. Genistein reduced the first contraction induced by acetylcholine chloride, but did not affect the second contraction caused by CaCl2.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Genistein relaxed smooth muscle isolated from the gallbladder of guinea pigs and this might contribute to the formation of gallstones. The inhibitory action might be related to H2 receptors and the release of intracellular Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Replacing traditional estrogen with phytoestrogen to treat menopause syndromes may increase the risk of gallstone formation.},
}
@article {pmid19921167,
year = {2010},
author = {Bibilash, BS and Vijay, A and Fazil Marickar, YM},
title = {Stone composition and metabolic status.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {38},
number = {3},
pages = {211-213},
pmid = {19921167},
issn = {1434-0879},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*pathology/physiopathology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Urolithiasis/*pathology/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {This paper aims to study the correlation between biochemical risk factors of the stone former and the type of oxalate stone formed, namely calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD). A retrospective study of 487 patients who had been attending the urinary stone clinic, Trivandrum during 1998-2007 was conducted. The stones retrieved from them were subjected to chemical analysis and FTIR spectrographic analysis. They were categorized into COM, COD, mixed COM+COD and others. Of 142 pure calcium oxalate stone patients, 87 were predominantly COM stone formers and 55 COD stone formers. Their metabolic status of 24 h urine and serum was assessed. The values of urine calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, magnesium, creatinine, oxalate, citric acid, sodium and potassium, serum values of calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, magnesium and creatinine and calculated values of creatinine clearance, tubular reabsorption of phosphate, calcium magnesium ratio and calcium oxalate ratio were recorded. Comparison was made between the COM stone group and the COD stone group. Patients forming COM stones had significantly higher mean values for urine calcium (P < 0.05), oxalate (P < 0.01) and magnesium (P < 0.05) levels and significantly lower level of urine calcium-oxalate ratio (P < 0.01) and urine calcium-magnesium ratio (P < 0.01) compared to COD stone forming patients. All other values failed to show significant difference. Patients, with higher urine oxalate, formed COM stones. Those with low magnesium (which is an inhibitor) formed more of COD stones. Urine calcium was high in both groups without showing significant variation from the mean. In patients with high calcium-oxalate and calcium-magnesium ratios, there is higher chance of forming a COD stone than COM. Identification of the crystallization pattern of the calcium stone will help in selecting treatment modalities.},
}
@article {pmid19846138,
year = {2009},
author = {Rodgers, A and Lewandowski, S and Allie-Hamdulay, S and Pinnock, D and Baretta, G and Gambaro, G},
title = {Evening primrose oil supplementation increases citraturia and decreases other urinary risk factors for calcium oxalate urolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {182},
number = {6},
pages = {2957-2963},
doi = {10.1016/j.juro.2009.08.021},
pmid = {19846138},
issn = {1527-3792},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; *Black People ; *Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Citrates/*urine ; *Dietary Supplements ; Humans ; Linoleic Acids/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Oenothera biennis ; Plant Oils/*therapeutic use ; Risk Factors ; Urolithiasis/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; *White People ; Young Adult ; gamma-Linolenic Acid/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of gamma-linolenic acid (an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid) in the form of evening primrose oil on calcium oxalate urinary stone risk factors in 2 ethnic groups.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight black and 8 white healthy male subjects ingested 1,000 mg evening primrose oil (Natrodale, Kuils River, South Africa) daily for 20 days while following a free diet. Arachidonic acid content was determined by a dietary questionnaire. On days 0, 10 and 20, and 4 days after protocol 24-hour urine samples were collected. Samples were analyzed using routine assays.<br><br>RESULTS: Citraturia increased significantly in each group. Urinary oxalate showed a tendency to decrease in black subjects. Calciuria and the Tiselius risk index decreased significantly in each group. Carryover effects were observed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge increased citraturia has not been previously reported for any essential fatty acid. We hypothesize that evening primrose oil inhibits lipogenesis, thereby decreasing citrate consumption. For the decrease in oxaluria we suggest that evening primrose oil alters membrane fatty acid composition, thereby inhibiting the modulation of protein kinases that lead to hyperoxaluria. In regard to decreased calciuria we suggest that evening primrose oil modulates delta-5 and/or delta-6-desaturase, thereby inhibiting the production of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2, which influence calciuria. The different response in the 2 groups with respect to oxaluria confirms previously reported differences in sensitivity toward supplemental ingestion. Data suggest that evening primrose oil supplementation should be investigated as a possible conservative treatment for calcium oxalate urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid19835652,
year = {2009},
author = {Centeno, V and de Barboza, GD and Marchionatti, A and Rodríguez, V and Tolosa de Talamoni, N},
title = {Molecular mechanisms triggered by low-calcium diets.},
journal = {Nutrition research reviews},
volume = {22},
number = {2},
pages = {163-174},
doi = {10.1017/S0954422409990126},
pmid = {19835652},
issn = {1475-2700},
mesh = {Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Mass Index ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/deficiency/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism ; Diet ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Hormones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypertension/metabolism ; Immune System/*metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Intestinal Mucosa/*metabolism ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Osteoporosis/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Signal Transduction ; },
abstract = {Ca is not only essential for bone mineralisation, but also for regulation of extracellular and intracellular processes. When the Ca2+ intake is low, the efficiency of intestinal Ca2+ absorption and renal Ca2+ reabsorption is increased. This adaptive mechanism involves calcitriol enhancement via parathyroid hormone stimulation. Bone is also highly affected. Low Ca2+ intake is considered a risk factor for osteoporosis. Patients with renal lithiasis may be at higher risk of recurrence of stone formation when they have low Ca2+ intake. The role of dietary Ca2+ on the regulation of lipid metabolism and lipogenic genes in adipocytes might explain an inverse relationship between dairy intake and BMI. Dietary Ca2+ restriction produces impairment of the adipocyte apoptosis and dysregulation of glucocorticosteroid metabolism in the adipose tissue. An inverse relationship between hypertension and a low-Ca2+ diet has been described. Ca2+ facilitates weight loss and stimulates insulin sensitivity, which contributes to the decrease in the blood pressure. There is also evidence that dietary Ca2+ is associated with colorectal cancer. Dietary Ca2+ could alter the ratio of faecal bile acids, reducing the cytotoxicity of faecal water, or it could activate Ca2+-sensing receptors, triggering intracellular signalling pathways. Also it could bind luminal antigens, transporting them into mucosal mononuclear cells as a mechanism of immunosurveillance and promotion of tolerance. Data relative to nutritional Ca2+ and incidences of other human cancers are controversial. Health professionals should be aware of these nutritional complications and reinforce the dairy intakes to ensure the recommended Ca2+ requirements and prevent diseases.},
}
@article {pmid19779706,
year = {2009},
author = {Marickar, YM},
title = {Calcium oxalate stone and gout.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {37},
number = {6},
pages = {345-347},
pmid = {19779706},
issn = {1434-0879},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Gout/*metabolism ; Humans ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Gout is well known to be produced by increased uric acid level in blood. The objective of this paper is to assess the relationship between gout and calcium oxalate stone formation in the humans. 48 patients with combination of gout and calcium oxalate stone problem were included. The biochemical values of this group were compared with 38 randomly selected uric acid stone patients with gout, 43 stone patients with gout alone, 100 calcium oxalate stone patients without gout and 30 controls, making a total of 259 patients. Various biochemical parameters, namely serum calcium, phosphorus and uric acid and 24-h urine calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, oxalate, citrate and magnesium were analysed. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple-range tests were performed to assess statistical significance of the variations. The promoters of stone formation, namely serum calcium (P < 0.05), phosphorus (P < 0.05) and uric acid (P < 0.05) and urine calcium (P < 0.05), uric acid (P < 0.05) and oxalate (P < 0.05) were significantly variable in the different groups. The inhibitor citrate (P < 0.05) was also significantly variable. Multiple-range test showed that the promoters, namely serum calcium (P < 0.05) and urine uric acid (P < 0.05) were in a significantly higher range in the gouty patients, gouty uric acid stone patients and gouty calcium oxalate stone patients compared to the non-gouty patients and controls. Urine oxalate (P < 0.0001) was in the highest range in the gouty calcium oxalate or gouty uric acid stones patients. The inhibitor urine citrate (P < 0.001) was significantly lower in the gouty, gouty uric acid and gouty calcium oxalate patients. Serum uric acid was highest in the non-stone gouty patients, followed by the gouty uric acid stone formers and gouty calcium oxalate stone patients. The high values of promoters, namely uric acid and calcium in the gouty stone patients indicate the tendency for urinary stone formation in the gouty stone patients. There is probably a correlation between gout and calcium oxalate urinary stone. We presume this mechanism is achieved through the uric acid metabolism. The findings point to the summation effect of metabolic changes in development of stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid19648675,
year = {2009},
author = {Hu, G and Duan, L and Hu, X and Li, J and Yang, G and Tang, H},
title = {[Clinical trial on pancreatic duct stones caused by chronic pancreatitis].},
journal = {Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences},
volume = {34},
number = {7},
pages = {630-633},
pmid = {19648675},
issn = {1672-7347},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lactoferrin/metabolism ; Lithostathine/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Diseases/metabolism ; *Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatic Juice/*metabolism ; Pancreatitis, Chronic/*complications ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the possible mechanism for chronic pancreatitis causing pancreatic duct stones.<br><br>METHODS: A total of 172 patients with chronic pancreatitis (n=67), pancreatic duct stones (n=62), and pancreatic injury (n=43), admitted to from August 2000 to October 2008, preoperatively diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograpby(ERCP) or computed tomography(CT), and intraoperatively confirmed by exploration and biopsy, were divided into 3 groups. Pancreatic fluid was drawn to test the concentrations of pancreatic stone protein (PSP), lactoferrin (LF) and Ca2+.<br><br>RESULTS: The chronic pancreatitis (the CP group) presented hard consistency, shrinkage and nodular fibrosis of the pancreas; besides the above symptoms, the pancreatic duct stones (the PS group) presented dilatation of the pancreatic ductal system with various stones; pancreatic injury (the PI group) presented broken pancreas of different grades with fluid or blood. Compared with that of the PI group, PSP concentration of both the PS group and the CP group was elevated (P<0.05), and was more apparent in the CP group. Concentrations of LF and Ca2+ were also elevated (P<0.05), which were more obvious in the PS group.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Decreased concentrations of PSP and increased concentrations of LF and Ca2+ may play very important roles in chronic pancreatitis causing pancreatic duct stones.},
}
@article {pmid19626931,
year = {2009},
author = {Stoermann Chopard, C and Jaeger, P},
title = {[Is kidney stone a bone disease?].},
journal = {Revue medicale suisse},
volume = {5},
number = {207},
pages = {1314-1317},
pmid = {19626931},
issn = {1660-9379},
mesh = {Adult ; *Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/complications/epidemiology/*metabolism/therapy ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Proteins ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/metabolism ; Incidence ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; Nephrolithiasis/epidemiology/etiology/*metabolism/therapy ; Osteoporosis/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Switzerland/epidemiology ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic calcium stone formation affects 10% of the adult western population in a lifetime and is, consequently, a real public health problem in these countries. Abnormalities of bone metabolism with osteopenia have been found in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. The type of diet (high protein intake, calcium restriction) and some mediators (cytokines, calcitriol) are involved in the pathophysiology of bone alterations. The purpose of this article is to discuss the link between calcium nephrolithiasis and bone density, factors implicated in bone loss and how to treat this pathology.},
}
@article {pmid19561606,
year = {2009},
author = {Thorleifsson, G and Holm, H and Edvardsson, V and Walters, GB and Styrkarsdottir, U and Gudbjartsson, DF and Sulem, P and Halldorsson, BV and de Vegt, F and d'Ancona, FC and den Heijer, M and Franzson, L and Christiansen, C and Alexandersen, P and Rafnar, T and Kristjansson, K and Sigurdsson, G and Kiemeney, LA and Bodvarsson, M and Indridason, OS and Palsson, R and Kong, A and Thorsteinsdottir, U and Stefansson, K},
title = {Sequence variants in the CLDN14 gene associate with kidney stones and bone mineral density.},
journal = {Nature genetics},
volume = {41},
number = {8},
pages = {926-930},
pmid = {19561606},
issn = {1546-1718},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Base Sequence ; Bone Density/*genetics ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics ; Claudins ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/*genetics ; },
abstract = {Kidney stone disease is a common condition. To search for sequence variants conferring risk of kidney stones, we conducted a genome-wide association study in 3,773 cases and 42,510 controls from Iceland and The Netherlands. We discovered common, synonymous variants in the CLDN14 gene that associate with kidney stones (OR = 1.25 and P = 4.0 x 10(-12) for rs219780[C]). Approximately 62% of the general population is homozygous for rs219780[C] and is estimated to have 1.64 times greater risk of developing the disease compared to noncarriers. The CLDN14 gene is expressed in the kidney and regulates paracellular permeability at epithelial tight junctions. The same variants were also found to associate with reduced bone mineral density at the hip (P = 0.00039) and spine (P = 0.0077).},
}
@article {pmid19517103,
year = {2009},
author = {Khan, SR and Canales, BK},
title = {Genetic basis of renal cellular dysfunction and the formation of kidney stones.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {37},
number = {4},
pages = {169-180},
pmid = {19517103},
issn = {1434-0879},
support = {R01 DK059765/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK065658/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01DK065658/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01DK59765/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells/metabolism ; Citric Acid/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism/*physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Mucoproteins/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Uromodulin ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis is a result of formation and retention of crystals within the kidneys. The driving force behind crystal formation is urinary supersaturation with respect to the stone-forming salts, which means that crystals form when the concentrations of participating ions are higher than the thermodynamic solubility for that salt. Levels of supersaturation are kept low and under control by proper functioning of a variety of cells including those that line the renal tubules. It is our hypothesis that crystal deposition, i.e., formation and retention in the kidneys, is a result of impaired cellular function, which may be intrinsic and inherent or triggered by external stimuli and challenges. Cellular impairment or dysfunction affects the supersaturation, by influencing the excretion of participating ions such as calcium, oxalate and citrate and causing hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria or hypocitraturia. The production and excretion of macromolecular promoters and inhibitors of crystallization is also dependent upon proper functioning of the renal epithelial cells. Insufficient or ineffective crystallization modulators such as osteopontin, Tamm-Horsfall protein, bikunin, etc. are most likely produced by the impaired cells.},
}
@article {pmid19425219,
year = {2009},
author = {Moriyama, MT and Suga, K and Miyazawa, K and Tanaka, T and Higashioka, M and Noda, K and Oka, M and Tanaka, M and Suzuki, K},
title = {Inhibitions of urinary oxidative stress and renal calcium level by an extract of Quercus salicina Blume/Quercus stenophylla Makino in a rat calcium oxalate urolithiasis model.},
journal = {International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {397-401},
doi = {10.1111/j.1442-2042.2009.02268.x},
pmid = {19425219},
issn = {1442-2042},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; *Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Kidney/chemistry/drug effects/*metabolism ; Male ; Oxidative Stress/*drug effects ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; *Quercus ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urolithiasis/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To clarify the mechanism of Urocalun, an extract of Quercus salicina Blume/Quercus stenophylla Makino (QS), in the treatment of urolithiasis.<br><br>METHODS: Rat calcium oxalate urolithiasis was induced by oral administration of ethylene glycol and the vitamin D3 analog alfa-calcidol for 14 days. QS extract was repeatedly given to rats. After the last administration, biochemistries in urine and plasma, renal calcium, and urinary malondialdehyde (an oxidative stress marker) were measured.<br><br>RESULTS: Ethylene glycol and alfa-calcidol treatment increased urinary malondialdehyde and renal calcium levels. This increase was significantly suppressed by the administration of QS extract, suggesting that the inhibition of renal calcium accumulation by QS extract is due to its antioxidative activity.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the antioxidative activity of QS extract plays a role in the prevention of stone formation and recurrence in urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid19350280,
year = {2009},
author = {Porowski, T and Konstantynowicz, J and Zoch-Zwierz, W and Kirejczyk, JK and Taranta-Janusz, K and Korzeniecka-Kozerska, A},
title = {Spontaneous urinary calcium oxalate crystallization in hypercalciuric children.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {24},
number = {9},
pages = {1705-1710},
pmid = {19350280},
issn = {1432-198X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Comorbidity ; Crystallization ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypercalciuria/diagnosis/epidemiology/*urine ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/epidemiology/*urine ; Male ; Poland/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Urinalysis ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria is the most important predisposing risk factor for calcium oxalate (CaOx) renal stone formation. We assessed the associations between spontaneous CaOx crystallization based on the Bonn Risk Index (BRI), urinary pH, calciuria, oxaluria, and citraturia in 140 Caucasian patients with hypercalciuria, aged 4-17 years, and compared the findings with those in 210 normocalciuric controls. Of the 140 hypercalciuric patients, 58 had renal stones, and 82 had recurrent erythrocyturia, renal colic, or urinary obstructive symptoms-but without stones. Urinary ionized calcium ([Ca(2+)]) levels were measured using a selective electrode, while the onset of crystallization was determined using a photometer and titration with 40 mmol/L ammonium oxalate (Ox(2-)). The calculation of the BRI was based on the [Ca(2+)]:Ox(2-) ratio. The BRI values were 12-fold higher in hypercalciuric children than in healthy controls, but no differences were found in the BRI between subjects with urinary stones and those with urolithiasis-like symptoms. An increased BRI suggested an association with hypercalciuria, lower urinary pH, hypocitraturia, and hypooxaluria. These data indicate that hypercalciuria is an important factor associated with increased urinary CaOx crystallization, although the causal pathways need further investigation. Determination of the BRI in children with hypercalciuria may improve the risk assessment of kidney stones.},
}
@article {pmid19300989,
year = {2009},
author = {Rodgers, A and Bungane, N and Allie-Hamdulay, S and Lewandowski, S and Webber, D},
title = {Calciuria, oxaluria and phosphaturia after ingestion of glucose, xylitol and sorbitol in two population groups with different stone-risk profiles.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {121-125},
pmid = {19300989},
issn = {1434-0879},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Black People ; Calcium/*urine ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects/metabolism ; Double-Blind Method ; Glucose/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Oxalates/*urine ; Phosphates/*urine ; Risk Factors ; Sorbitol/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/metabolism ; South Africa ; Urolithiasis/*etiology/metabolism/*urine ; White People ; Xylitol/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/metabolism ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {The effects of glucose, sorbitol and xylitol ingestion on calciuria, oxaluria and phosphaturia in healthy black and white males on a standardized diet were investigated. After ingestion, they collected urine hourly for 3 h. Glucose decreased phosphaturia in blacks. Sorbitol decreased phosphaturia in both groups and increased oxaluria in whites. Xylitol increased oxaluria in blacks. Decreases in phosphaturia are attributed to penetration by phosphate into cells leading to decreases in phosphatemia and the renal filtered load. We suggest that this mechanism is more sensitive in blacks. We speculate that the increase in oxaluria after sorbitol ingestion occurs via its conversion to glyoxylate and that this pathway may be blocked in blacks. For the increase in oxaluria after xylitol ingestion, it is hypothesized that ketohexokinase and aldolase may be more active in blacks. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, a urinary effect due to sorbitol ingestion and an ethnic dependency of these and other effects.},
}
@article {pmid19299893,
year = {2009},
author = {Taylor, JG and Bushinsky, DA},
title = {Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.},
journal = {Blood purification},
volume = {27},
number = {4},
pages = {387-394},
doi = {10.1159/000209740},
pmid = {19299893},
issn = {1421-9735},
mesh = {Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Homeostasis ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Calcium and phosphorus homeostasis relies on a complex, tightly regulated system involving many ions and hormones. The regulation of calcium and phosphorus is controlled by the actions of these ions and hormones on the intestine, kidneys and bone. Disturbances in the serum level of calcium and/or phosphorus can lead to significant pathology, including kidney stones and bone disease. In addition to parathyroid hormone and vitamin D, recently identified factors such as fibroblast growth factors and klotho play an important role in maintaining mineral ion homeostasis. The identification of subfamily V transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPV channels), Na/P(i) cotransporters, the vitamin D receptor and the calcium-sensing receptor have further advanced our understanding of this complex physiology. In this review we discuss the current understanding of the relationships between the ions, hormones, and transporters that maintain calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.},
}
@article {pmid19216637,
year = {2009},
author = {Gómez-Núñez, JG and Alvarez, UM and Fernández, F and Aceves, JG and Loske, AM},
title = {Interaction of intracorporeal lithotripters with Proteus mirabilis inoculated inside artificial calcium and struvite stones.},
journal = {Journal of endourology},
volume = {23},
number = {3},
pages = {519-522},
doi = {10.1089/end.2008.0264},
pmid = {19216637},
issn = {1557-900X},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Lithotripsy/*instrumentation ; Magnesium Compounds/*metabolism ; Microbial Viability ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Proteus mirabilis/*cytology ; Struvite ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Renal calculi may contain bacteria that can remain active inside the stone and produce bacteremia and/or endotoxemia after lithotripsy. Urinary tract infection associated with urinary stones represents high morbidity. The purpose of this research was to use novel artificial struvite stones inoculated with living bacteria and to study the effect of four different intracorporeal lithotripters on bacterial inactivation after in vitro lithotripsy.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two types of artificial kidney stone models (calcium sulphate and mixed struvite-calcium sulphate) were manufactured and infected with Proteus mirabilis. Stones were fractured using either electrohydraulic, laser, ultrasonic, or pneumatic lithotripters. Bacterial viability was determined before and after the lithotripsy.<br><br>RESULTS: Bacterial inactivation was not affected by the stone matrix; ie, calcium or struvite. The four tested lithotripters were almost equally efficient at reducing the viability of P mirabilis in both the low and the high energy setting.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We were able to obtain novel artificial struvite stones infected with bacteria. Intracorporeal lithotripters are efficient at reducing the viability of P mirabilis in vitro. Tested stone materials play a minor role regarding inactivation. Whether the bactericidal effect reported is desirable or not is still to be answered, because the presence of endotoxin from cell lysis may increase the risk of urosepsis.},
}
@article {pmid19160242,
year = {2009},
author = {Escribano, J and Balaguer, A and Pagone, F and Feliu, A and Roqué I Figuls, M},
title = {Pharmacological interventions for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews},
volume = {2009},
number = {1},
pages = {CD004754},
pmid = {19160242},
issn = {1469-493X},
mesh = {Adult ; Diuretics/*therapeutic use ; Drinking ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/complications/diet therapy/*drug therapy ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*prevention &amp; control ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Thiazides/*therapeutic use ; Water/administration &amp; dosage ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Idiopathic hypercalciuria is an inherited metabolic abnormality characterised by excessive amounts of calcium excreted into the urine in patients with normal serum levels of calcium. The morbidity of hypercalciuria is related to kidney stone disease and bone demineralization. In children, hypercalciuria can cause recurrent haematuria, frequency-dysuria syndrome, urinary tract infection and abdominal and lumbar pain. Several pharmacological treatments have been described that can decrease the levels of urinary calcium or its index of urinary crystallization.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of pharmacological interventions for preventing complications and decreasing urological symptoms in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.<br><br>SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Renal Group's specialised register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, The Cochrane Library), handsearched relevant conference proceedings and reference lists of articles.<br><br>SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTS that compared any pharmacological intervention for preventing complications in idiopathic hypercalciuria, with placebo, other pharmacological intervention or a different administration mode or dose of the same treatment given for a minimum duration of four months and had a follow-up period of at least six months.<br><br>DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Four authors assessed the studies for inclusion and extracted the data. Disagreements were resolved through discussion. Results were expressed as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) or mean difference (MD).<br><br>MAIN RESULTS: Five studies (316 adult patients) were included. Four compared thiazides with standard treatment (periodic clinical follow-up and increased water intake) or specific dietary recommendations and one analysed the effect of thiazide plus a neutral potassium salt. There was a significant decrease in the number of new stone recurrences in those treated with thiazides (RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.96), although the follow-up periods varied. The stone formation rate also showed a statistically significant decrease in the patients treated with diuretics (MD -0.18, 95% CI -0.30 to -0.06). Thiazides plus potassium salts significantly decreased calciuria and vitamin D levels.<br><br>AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is some evidence that in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and recurrent stones, the addition of thiazides to a normal or modified diet for short to long periods (five months to three years) reduced the number of stone recurrences and decreased the stone formation rate. Thiazides and neutral potassium phosphate decreased calciuria in symptomatic patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. There were no studies investigating the effect of pharmacological treatment on other clinical complications or asymptomatic idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid19134407,
year = {2008},
author = {Yang, Y and Qiao, JH and An, JH and Zhang, Y and Yu, T and Jia, B and Ma, ZS},
title = {[Detection of SLC34A2 in patients with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis and the effect of SLC34A2 on transportation of calcium and phosphate in human alveolar epithelial cells].},
journal = {Zhonghua jie he he hu xi za zhi = Zhonghua jiehe he huxi zazhi = Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases},
volume = {31},
number = {12},
pages = {908-911},
pmid = {19134407},
issn = {1001-0939},
mesh = {Alveolar Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calculi/metabolism/*pathology ; Cell Line ; Extracellular Fluid/metabolism ; Humans ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Pulmonary Alveoli/cytology/*metabolism/*pathology ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIb/*genetics ; Transfection ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To detect the mutation of SLC34A2 in patients with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis and to study the effect of SLC34A2 on transportation of calcium and phosphate in human alveolar epithelial cell (A549) cells.<br><br>METHODS: The gene SLC34A2 was detected by segmentation-PCR and gene sequencing. RNA was obtained by Trizol from fresh lung tissues and the target gene was acquired by RT-PCR. Eukaryotic expression of recombinant pcDNA3.1(+)-SLC34A2 was constructed and SLC34A2 was transfected to A549 cells by liposome. The expression of SLC34A2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR, and the content of calcium and phosphate of the extracellular fluid was measured by commercial kits. The cell experiments consisted of 3 groups including a control group (5 x 10(5)/well, one well), a blank group (5 x 10(5)/well, one well), a transfection group (5 x 10(5)/well, four wells). Every experiment was repeated 6 times.<br><br>RESULTS: No mutation was found in patients with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. SLC34A2 cDNA was successfully amplified and the eukaryotic expression recombinant pcDNA3.1(+)-SLC34A2 was successfully constructed. The amount of SLC34A2 mRNA of the transfected cells was significantly higher (2.48 +/- 0.45), compared to the control cells (0.55 +/- 0.07) and the blank cells (0.60 +/- 0.06), q = 16.25, 15.78, all P < 0.01. The content of calcium and phosphate in the supernatant of the transfected cells was lower [(0.110 +/- 0.016) mmol/L, (3.8 +/- 0.4) mmol/L], compared with the control [(0.254 +/- 0.047) mmol/L, (7.3 +/- 0.8) mmol/L] and the blank (0.262 +/- 0.041) mmol/L, (7.1 +/- 0.4) mmol/L], q = 8.657 - 13.892, all P < 0.01.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In human lung alveolar epithelial cells, the content of calcium and phosphate in cell supernatant decreased with increased amount of SLC34A2 mRNA. Mutation of SLC34A2 may not be at the DNA level.},
}
@article {pmid19122701,
year = {2008},
author = {Singh, VK and Singh, V and Rai, AK and Thakur, SN and Rai, PK and Singh, JP},
title = {Quantitative analysis of gallstones using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.},
journal = {Applied optics},
volume = {47},
number = {31},
pages = {G38-47},
doi = {10.1364/ao.47.000g38},
pmid = {19122701},
issn = {1539-4522},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calibration ; Equipment Design ; Gallstones/metabolism ; Humans ; *Lasers ; Male ; Metals/chemistry ; Middle Aged ; Spectrophotometry/methods ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic/methods ; Spectrum Analysis/*methods ; Thermodynamics ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {The utility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for categorizing different types of gallbladder stone has been demonstrated by analyzing their major and minor constituents. LIBS spectra of three types of gallstone have been recorded in the 200-900 nm spectral region. Calcium is found to be the major element in all types of gallbladder stone. The spectrophotometric method has been used to classify the stones. A calibration-free LIBS method has been used for the quantitative analysis of metal elements, and the results have been compared with those obtained from inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) measurements. The single-shot LIBS spectra from different points on the cross section (in steps of 0.5 mm from one end to the other) of gallstones have also been recorded to study the variation of constituents from the center to the surface. The presence of different metal elements and their possible role in gallstone formation is discussed.},
}
@article {pmid19066877,
year = {2009},
author = {Grases, F and Prieto, RM and Gomila, I and Sanchis, P and Costa-Bauzá, A},
title = {Phytotherapy and renal stones: the role of antioxidants. A pilot study in Wistar rats.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {37},
number = {1},
pages = {35-40},
pmid = {19066877},
issn = {1434-0879},
mesh = {Animals ; Antioxidants/*pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Catechin/pharmacology ; Crystallization ; Ethylene Glycol/toxicity ; Kidney Calculi/chemically induced/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; *Phytotherapy ; Pilot Projects ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; },
abstract = {Since ancient times, various herbal preparations have been used in renal lithiasis therapy, but conclusive scientific data on their therapeutic effects and efficacy are not available. To address this issue, the present study evaluated the antilithiasic activity of a traditional Mallorcan herbal preparation, and compared its effects with those of the antioxidant flavonoids, catechin and epicatechin. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were assigned randomly to four groups (n = 9): a control group, a catechin (CAT) treatment group, an epicatechin (EPI) treatment group, and a group treated with a folk herbal extract (FHE). After 16 days of treatment, calcium oxalate lithiasis was induced in the rats using ethylene glycol. After 8 days (treatment + ethylene glycol), 24-h rat urine was collected, the animals were sacrificed and their kidneys were removed for histological and chemical analysis. The calcium concentration in kidney tissue was significantly lower in the CAT-treated (2.4 +/- 0.3 mg/g), EPI-treated (1.8 +/- 0.3 mg/g) and FHE-treated (2.1 +/- 0.3 mg/g) groups, than in the control group (5.4 +/- 1.4 mg/g). Examination of paraffin-embedded kidney sections showed that control group rats had the greatest amount of calcification. There were no significant differences between control and treated groups with respect to urinary calcium, magnesium, oxalate and citrate concentrations. These results demonstrate the ability of herbal preparations and antioxidants to prevent the development of papillary and intratubular calcification in the kidney.},
}
@article {pmid19029225,
year = {2009},
author = {Corbetta, S and Eller-Vainicher, C and Frigerio, M and Valaperta, R and Costa, E and Vicentini, L and Baccarelli, A and Beck-Peccoz, P and Spada, A},
title = {Analysis of the 206M polymorphic variant of the SLC26A6 gene encoding a Cl- oxalate transporter in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {European journal of endocrinology},
volume = {160},
number = {2},
pages = {283-288},
doi = {10.1530/EJE-08-0623},
pmid = {19029225},
issn = {1479-683X},
mesh = {Aged ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/epidemiology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/*epidemiology/*genetics ; Incidence ; Italy/epidemiology ; Kidney Calculi/*epidemiology/*genetics ; Male ; Membrane Transport Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sulfate Transporters ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is often complicated by kidney stones. Hypercalciuria and urine oxalate excretion are considered risk factors for urolithiasis in PHPT as well as in idiopathic stone-formers. Recently, the anion-exchanger SLC26A6 has been involved in the oxalate metabolism.<br><br>DESIGN AND METHODS: We tested the hypothesis that the 206M polymorphic variant of SLC26A6 gene might contribute to the risk of kidney stones in PHPT. DNA samples from 145 PHPT patients and 129 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were genotyped.<br><br>RESULTS: The homozygous 206V genotype was the most frequent both in PHPT patients and controls (79.3 and 74.4%), while heterozygosity for the 206M allele was detected in 20.0 and 23.3% respectively. The homozygous 206M genotype was extremely rare, occurring in 0.7 and 2.3% of PHPT and healthy subjects respectively. In the PHPT cohort, the prevalence of urolithiasis did not differ between the V/V and V/M+M/M groups and urine oxalate excretions did not correlate with the genotype. Considering the subset of PHPT stone formers (n=74), calciuria was lower in V/M+M/M patients with respect to V/V stone-formers (4.40+/-1.88 vs 5.92+/-2.62 mg/kg per 24 h; mean+/-s.d., P=0.034). Finally, the SLC26A6 206M alleles were significantly related to the presence of hypertension (73.3 vs 47.8%), showing an OR of 4.8.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Though the SLC26A6 206M polymorphism did not correlate with kidney stone development in PHPT patients, PHPT stone-formers harbouring the M allele had a lower hypercalciuria. This observation and the high prevalence of hypertension associated with the 206M polymorphism need further investigation.},
}
@article {pmid18924500,
year = {2008},
author = {Kamińska, A and Sołtyski, J and Roszkowska-Blaim, M},
title = {[Usefulness of Pak's test in Stapleton's modification in diagnosis of hypercalciuria in children].},
journal = {Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego},
volume = {24 Suppl 4},
number = {},
pages = {38-40},
pmid = {18924500},
issn = {1426-9686},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Diagnostic Techniques, Urological ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/classification/*diagnosis/*urine ; Male ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Recognition of the type of hypercalciuria in children in Pak's test in Stapleton's modification was performed. 26 children with hypercalciuria was enrolled to the study. 15/26 had positive family history. In all Pak's test in Stapleton's modification was done, blond tests of renal function (urea, creatinine), calcium-phosphate balance (Ca, P, ALP, PTH, Vit D3 metabolites) and in 24 hr urine collection: promoters and inhibitors of crystallization, 24 hr urine pH measurement was performed.<br><br>RESULTS: In 18 children--absorptive hipercalciuria: type II, in 1--type I, renal in 4; complex mechanism in 3, hypocitraturia was recognized in 4. Normalization of calciuria was obtained in 16 out of 26. In 3 others new formation of kidney stones was observed.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Performation of Pak's test in Stapleton's modification allows to establish a type of hypercalciuria in children and recognize a pathomechanism of disease.},
}
@article {pmid18923545,
year = {2008},
author = {Musse, AA and Polverini, E and Raijmakers, R and Harauz, G},
title = {Kinetics of human peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (hPAD2)--reduction of Ca2+ dependence by phospholipids and assessment of proposed inhibition by paclitaxel side chains.},
journal = {Biochemistry and cell biology = Biochimie et biologie cellulaire},
volume = {86},
number = {5},
pages = {437-447},
doi = {10.1139/o08-124},
pmid = {18923545},
issn = {0829-8211},
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; *Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Catalytic Domain ; Humans ; Hydrolases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Isoenzymes/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Multiple Sclerosis/enzymology ; *Paclitaxel/chemistry/metabolism ; Phospholipids/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 2 ; Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4 ; Protein-Arginine Deiminases ; Sequence Alignment ; },
abstract = {Multiple sclerosis is a complex human neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the active destruction of the insulating myelin sheath around the axons in the central nervous system. The physical deterioration of myelin is mediated by hyperdeimination of myelin basic and other proteins, catalysed by the Ca2+ -dependent enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2). Thus, inhibition of PAD2 may be of value in treatment of this disease. Here, we have first characterized the in vitro kinetic properties of the human peptidylarginine deiminase isoform 2 (hPAD2). Phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylcholine reduced its Ca2+ dependence by almost twofold. Second, we have explored the putative inhibitory action of the methyl ester side chain of paclitaxel (TSME), which shares structural features with a synthetic PAD substrate, viz., the benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE). Using the known crystallographic structure of the homologous enzyme hPAD4 and in silico molecular docking, we have shown that TSME interacted strongly with the catalytic site, albeit with a 100-fold lower affinity than BAEE. Despite paclitaxel having previously been shown to inhibit hPAD2 in vitro, the side chain of paclitaxel alone did not inhibit this enzyme's activity.},
}
@article {pmid18758029,
year = {2008},
author = {Ohshima, H and Mukai, C},
title = {[Bone metabolism in human space flight and bed rest study].},
journal = {Clinical calcium},
volume = {18},
number = {9},
pages = {1245-1253},
pmid = {18758029},
issn = {0917-5857},
mesh = {Amino Acids/urine ; Atrophy ; Bed Rest/*adverse effects ; Biomarkers/urine ; *Bone Density ; Bone Density Conservation Agents/administration &amp; dosage ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Collagen Type I/urine ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal/pathology ; Osteoporosis/*etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Peptides/urine ; *Space Flight ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; Weightlessness/*adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Japanese Experiment Module "KIBO" is Japan's first manned space facility and will be operated as part of the international space station (ISS) . KIBO operations will be monitored and controlled from Tsukuba Space Center. In Japan, after the KIBO element components are fully assembled and activated aboard the ISS, Japanese astronauts will stay on the ISS for three or more months, and full-scale experiment operations will begin. Bone loss and renal stone are significant medical concerns for long duration human space flight. This paper will summarize the results of bone loss, calcium balance obtained from the American and Russian space programs, and ground-base analog bedrest studies. Current in-flight training program, nutritional recommendations and future countermeasure plans for station astronauts are also described.},
}
@article {pmid18715937,
year = {2008},
author = {Worcester, EM and Coe, FL and Evan, AP and Bergsland, KJ and Parks, JH and Willis, LR and Clark, DL and Gillen, DL},
title = {Evidence for increased postprandial distal nephron calcium delivery in hypercalciuric stone-forming patients.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Renal physiology},
volume = {295},
number = {5},
pages = {F1286-94},
pmid = {18715937},
issn = {1931-857X},
support = {P01 DK056788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK-P01-56788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; M01-00055//PHS HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Creatinine/blood/metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism/physiopathology ; Lithium/blood/metabolism/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrons/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Postprandial Period/*physiology ; Potassium/blood/metabolism/urine ; Sodium/blood/metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {A main mechanism of idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in calcium stone-forming patients (IHSF) is postprandial reduction of renal tubule calcium reabsorption that cannot be explained by selective reduction of serum parathyroid hormone levels; the nephron site(s) responsible are not as yet defined. Using fourteen 1-h measurements of the clearances of sodium, calcium, and endogenous lithium during a three-meal day in the University of Chicago General Clinical Research Center, we found reduced postprandial proximal tubule reabsorption of sodium and calcium in IHSF vs. normal subjects. The increased distal sodium delivery is matched by increased distal reabsorption so that urine sodium excretions do not differ, but distal calcium reabsorption does not increase enough to match increased calcium delivery, so hypercalciuria results. In fact, urine calcium excretion and overall renal fractional calcium reabsorption both are high in IHSF vs. normal when adjusted for distal calcium delivery, strongly suggesting a distal as well as proximal reduction of calcium reabsorption. The combination of reduced proximal tubule and distal nephron calcium reabsorption in IHSF is a new finding and indicates that IH involves a complex, presumably genetic, variation of nephron function. The increased calcium delivery into the later nephron may play a role in stone formation via deposition of papillary interstitial apatite plaque.},
}
@article {pmid18664357,
year = {2008},
author = {Zhang, JZ and Zhang, XL and Liang, XQ and Gu, HG and Zhu, PT},
title = {[Effects of different Chinese herbal medicines on biochemical parameters in guinea-pig with pigment gallstones].},
journal = {Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine},
volume = {6},
number = {8},
pages = {856-859},
doi = {10.3736/jcim20080816},
pmid = {18664357},
issn = {1672-1977},
mesh = {Animals ; Bile Pigments/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholagogues and Choleretics/therapeutic use ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*therapeutic use ; Gallstones/chemically induced/*chemistry/*drug therapy ; Guinea Pigs ; Lincomycin ; Male ; *Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Qingdan Capsule (QDC) and Yanggan Lidan Granule (YGLDG), two kinds of compound traditional Chinese herbal medicines, on biochemical parameters in guinea-pigs with pigment gallstones.<br><br>METHODS: An animal model of pigment gallstones was established in male guinea-pigs by hypodermic injection of lincomycin. The guinea-pigs were randomly divided into blank control group, untreated group, QDC group and YGLDG group. There were 8 guinea-pigs in each group. After ten-day treatment, animals were sacrificed and sampled to calculate the rate of stone formation, total bilirubin (TB), unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) and Ca2+ density in bile of the four groups.<br><br>RESULTS: In comparison with the untreated group, the rates of stone formation in the QDC and YGLDG groups were significantly decreased (P<0.01). TBIL, UCB and Ca2+ content of bile in both QDC and YGLD groups was also significantly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01).<br><br>CONCLUSION: QDC and YGLD have good effects on biochemical changes of animal model of pigment gallstone in reversing the lithogenesity of bile by reducing the content of TB, UCB and Ca2+, hence resulting in clinical treatment and prevention of pigment gallstone disease.},
}
@article {pmid18596722,
year = {2008},
author = {de Groot, T and Bindels, RJ and Hoenderop, JG},
title = {TRPV5: an ingeniously controlled calcium channel.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {74},
number = {10},
pages = {1241-1246},
doi = {10.1038/ki.2008.320},
pmid = {18596722},
issn = {1523-1755},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism/physiology ; TRPV Cation Channels/*physiology ; },
abstract = {Body Ca(2+) homeostasis is tightly controlled and slight disturbances in renal Ca(2+) reabsorption can lead to excessive urine Ca(2+) excretion and promote kidney stone formation. The epithelial Ca(2+) channel TRPV5 constitutes the rate-limiting step of active Ca(2+) reabsorption in the kidney. Elucidation of the molecular pathways controlling TRPV5 function provides important information for our understanding of renal Ca(2+) handling, since active Ca(2+) reabsorption fine-tunes the final amount of Ca(2+) excreted into the urine. Over the last years, the molecular regulation of TRPV5 has been dismantled in detail. Various calciotropic hormones, known to alter renal Ca(2+) reabsorption, affect the expression of TRPV5. Others stimulate the trafficking of TRPV5 to the plasma membrane, while a number of associated proteins and ions control channel activity at the plasma membrane. Dynamic cell surface presence of TRPV5 is largely mediated by endosomal recycling processes allowing internalized channels to reappear at the plasma membrane. We present recently identified factors shown to modulate TRPV5 activity by diverse mechanisms to ultimately control renal Ca(2+) handling. The selected factors include klotho, tissue kallikrein, pH, Ca(2+), Mg(2+), PIP(2) and WNK4. This review covers the distinctive properties and regulation of the highly Ca(2+)-selective TRPV5 channel and highlights the implications for our understanding of the process of Ca(2+) reabsorption.},
}
@article {pmid18487315,
year = {2008},
author = {Stones, R and Natali, A and Billeter, R and Harrison, S and White, E},
title = {Voluntary exercise-induced changes in beta2-adrenoceptor signalling in rat ventricular myocytes.},
journal = {Experimental physiology},
volume = {93},
number = {9},
pages = {1065-1075},
pmid = {18487315},
issn = {0958-0670},
support = {//British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cardiomegaly/metabolism ; Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology ; Female ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction/*physiology ; },
abstract = {Regular exercise is beneficial to cardiovascular health. We tested whether mild voluntary exercise training modifies key myocardial parameters [ventricular mass, intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) handling and the response to beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) stimulation] in a manner distinct from that reported for beneficial, intensive training and pathological hypertrophic stimuli. Female rats performed voluntary wheel-running exercise for 6-7 weeks. The mRNA expression of target proteins was measured in left ventricular tissue using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Simultaneous measurement of cell shortening and [Ca2+]i transients were made in single left ventricular myocytes and the inotropic response to beta1- and beta2-AR stimulation was measured. Voluntary exercise training resulted in cardiac hypertrophy, the heart weight to body weight ratio being significantly greater in trained compared with sedentary animals. However, voluntary exercise caused no significant alteration in the size or time course of myocyte shortening and [Ca2+]i transients or in the mRNA levels of key proteins that regulate Ca2+ handling. The positive inotropic response to beta1-AR stimulation and the level of beta1-AR mRNA were unaltered by voluntary exercise but both mRNA levels and inotropic response to beta2-AR stimulation were significantly reduced in trained animals. The beta2-AR inotropic response was restored by exposure to pertussis toxin. We propose that in contrast to pathological stimuli and to beneficial, intense exercise training, modulation of Ca2+ handling is not a major adaptive mechanism in the response to mild voluntary exercise. In addition, and in a reversal of the situation seen in heart failure, voluntary exercise training maintains the beta1-AR response but reduces the beta2-AR response. Therefore, although voluntary exercise induces cardiac hypertrophy, there are distinct differences between its effects on key myocardial regulatory mechanisms and those of hypertrophic stimuli that eventually cause cardiac decompensation.},
}
@article {pmid18478219,
year = {2008},
author = {Thurgood, LA and Grover, PK and Ryall, RL},
title = {High calcium concentration and calcium oxalate crystals cause significant inaccuracies in the measurement of urinary osteopontin by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {103-110},
pmid = {18478219},
issn = {0300-5623},
support = {1R01-DK-064050-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Biomarkers/urine ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Crystallization ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Osteopontin/chemistry/metabolism/*urine ; Protein Binding ; Reproducibility of Results ; Urolithiasis/metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {Strong evidence that osteopontin (OPN) is a determinant of urolithiasis has prompted studies comparing the protein's urinary excretion in healthy subjects and stone formers. However, reported mean urinary values have varied widely, from <1 microg/mL to more than 20 times that value. Since OPN binds to CaOx crystals, the presence of crystals in urine may cause underestimation of its urinary levels. Using a commercial ELISA, we measured urinary OPN levels in the presence of endogenous or exogenous CaOx monohydrate (COM) and dihydrate (COD) crystals. OPN concentrations decreased in the presence of endogenous and exogenous CaOx crystals, but never below 2 microg/mL. Increasing the urinary calcium concentration decreased detectable OPN levels, possibly as a result of changes in the three-dimensional conformation of the protein. Because calcium concentration and the formation of CaOx crystals cannot be controlled in urine, the use of urinary OPN levels as a biomarker for any human pathology must be seriously questioned, but particularly for the investigation of stone formers in whom hypercalciuria and crystalluria are more common than in healthy subjects.},
}
@article {pmid18408896,
year = {2008},
author = {Doddola, S and Pasupulati, H and Koganti, B and Prasad, KV},
title = {Evaluation of Sesbania grandiflora for antiurolithiatic and antioxidant properties.},
journal = {Journal of natural medicines},
volume = {62},
number = {3},
pages = {300-307},
pmid = {18408896},
issn = {1861-0293},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antioxidants/isolation &amp; purification/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; India ; Kidney/drug effects/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Male ; Medicine, Traditional ; Organ Size/drug effects ; Plant Extracts/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Plant Leaves ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sesbania/*chemistry ; Toxicity Tests, Acute ; },
abstract = {In the indigenous system of medicine in India, the plant Sesbania grandiflora is claimed to be useful for various ailments, and one such use is for the treatment of renal calculi. The major purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of S. grandiflora in the treatment of renal calculi. The leaf juice of S. grandiflora was evaluated for median lethal dose, gross behavioral changes, antiurolithiatic and antioxidant activities. The antiurolithiatic activity was evaluated by a calculi-producing diet model, using gentamicin (subcutaneously) and 5% ammonium oxalate in rat feed to induce calcium oxalate-type stones. The parameters monitored in the present study are calcium and oxalate deposition in the kidney, kidney weights, urinary excretion of calcium and oxalate. The in vivo antioxidant parameters lipid peroxidation, glutathione reductase and catalase were monitored. The plant juice was also evaluated for scavenging of nitric oxide and 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl free radicals. The leaf juice of S. grandiflora was safe orally and exhibited no gross behavioral changes except for an increase in urination. The leaf juice of S. grandiflora showed significant antiurolithiatic activity against calcium oxalate-type stones and also exhibited antioxidant properties. The results obtained in this study provide evidence for the efficacy of the leaf juice of S. grandiflora as antiurolithiatic agent.},
}
@article {pmid18398019,
year = {2008},
author = {Pasch, A and Frey, FJ and Eisenberger, U and Mohaupt, MG and Bonny, O},
title = {PTH and 1.25 vitamin D response to a low-calcium diet is associated with bone mineral density in renal stone formers.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {23},
number = {8},
pages = {2563-2570},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/gfn091},
pmid = {18398019},
issn = {1460-2385},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Density/*physiology ; Calcitriol/*blood ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/complications/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/complications/metabolism ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood ; Prospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Renal calcium stones and hypercalciuria are associated with a reduced bone mineral density (BMD). Therefore, the effect of changes in calcium homeostasis is of interest for both stones and bones. We hypothesized that the response of calciuria, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1.25 vitamin D to changes in dietary calcium might be related to BMD.<br><br>METHODS: A single-centre prospective interventional study of 94 hyper- and non-hypercalciuric calcium stone formers consecutively retrieved from our stone clinic. The patients were investigated on a free-choice diet, a low-calcium diet, while fasting and after an oral calcium load. Patient groups were defined according to lumbar BMD (z-score) obtained by dual X-ray absorptiometry (group 1: z-score <-0.5, n = 30; group 2: z-score -0.5-0.5, n = 36; group 3: z-score >0.5, n = 28). The effect of the dietary interventions on calciuria, 1.25 vitamin D and PTH in relation to BMD was measured.<br><br>RESULTS: An inverse relationship between BMD and calciuria was observed on all four calcium intakes (P = 0.009). On a free-choice diet, 1.25 vitamin D and PTH levels were identical in the three patient groups. However, the relative responses of 1.25 vitamin D and PTH to the low-calcium diet were opposite in the three groups with the highest increase of 1.25 vitamin D in group 1 and the lowest in group 3, whereas PTH increase was most pronounced in group 3 and least in group 1.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Calcium stone formers with a low lumbar BMD exhibit a blunted response of PTH release and an apparently overshooting production of 1.25 vitamin D following a low-calcium diet.},
}
@article {pmid18359393,
year = {2008},
author = {Worcester, EM and Coe, FL},
title = {New insights into the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Seminars in nephrology},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {120-132},
pmid = {18359393},
issn = {0270-9295},
support = {P01 DK056788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P01 DK056788-01/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P01 56788//PHS HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcitriol/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/etiology/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is the most common metabolic abnormality in patients with calcium kidney stones. It is characterized by normocalcemia, absence of diseases that cause increased urine calcium, and calcium excretion that is greater than 250 mg/d in women and 300 mg/d in men. Subjects with IH have a generalized increase in calcium turnover, which includes increased gut calcium absorption, decreased renal calcium reabsorption, and a tendency to lose calcium from bone. Despite the increase in intestinal calcium absorption, a negative calcium balance is seen commonly in balance studies, especially on a low-calcium diet. The mediator of decreased renal calcium reabsorption is not clear; it is not associated with either an increase in filtered load of calcium or altered parathyroid hormone levels. There is an increased incidence of hypercalciuria in first-degree relatives of those with IH, but IH appears to be a complex polygenic trait with a large contribution from diet to expression of increased calcium excretion. Increased tissue vitamin D response may be responsible for the manifestations of IH in at least some patients.},
}
@article {pmid18358304,
year = {2008},
author = {Kaneko, K and Ono, Y and Tainaka, T and Sumida, W and Ando, H},
title = {Fatty acid calcium stones in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction/choledochal cyst as another cause of obstructive symptoms besides protein plugs.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric surgery},
volume = {43},
number = {3},
pages = {564-567},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2007.11.004},
pmid = {18358304},
issn = {1531-5037},
mesh = {Bile Ducts/abnormalities ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Choledochal Cyst/*complications/diagnosis/*surgery ; Choledocholithiasis/diagnosis/*etiology/*surgery ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pancreatic Ducts/abnormalities ; Risk Assessment ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {Symptoms of choledochal cysts are caused by protein plugs, which clog up in the long common channel and increase pancreaticobiliary ductal pressure. We report that fatty calcium acid stones/debris are another previously unreported cause of obstructive symptoms in 2 cases with choledochal cyst.},
}
@article {pmid18336098,
year = {2007},
author = {Moyano, MJ and Gómez de Tejada, MJ and García Lozano, R and Moruno, R and Ortega, R and Martí, V and Sánchez Palencia, R and Miranda, MJ and Palma, A and Pérez Cano, R},
title = {[Alterations in bone mineral metabolism in patients with calcium kidney stone disease and polymorphism of vitamin D receptor. Preliminary results].},
journal = {Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia},
volume = {27},
number = {6},
pages = {694-703},
pmid = {18336098},
issn = {0211-6995},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Bone health, within calcium kidney stone disease is a matter of controversy. On the other hand, some genetic studies have shown an association between some Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and calcium kidney stone disease.<br><br>MAIN OBJECTIVE: To study the possible association between calcium kidney stone disease with bone metabolism and some Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a case-control study, with seventy-two subjects of both genders divided into two groups: Group I: cases, composed by 51 patients suffering from calcium kidney stone disease. Twenty-four of them had no hypercalciuria, 16 had absortive hypercalciuria and 11 had renal hypercalciuria. Group II: controls, composed by 21 people, without either urolithiasis or hypercalciuria. We performed a complete study including biochemical markers of bone mineral remodelling, bone mineral density (BMD) was estimated both in the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck, and also VDR polymorphism for the loci b, a and t.<br><br>RESULTS: Patients with urolithiasis had lower values of BMD both in the lumbar spine and femoral neck, compared to controls. Z-score were lower in the lumbar spine and femoral neck (p =0,045 y 0,031, respectively). Those patients with absorptive hypercalciuria had higher BMD in the femoral neck than those with renal hypercalciuria and non-hypercalciuria. Because they had more weight and height all the statistical study was performed alter adjusting by these two variables and statistical significance was then only stated between patients with hypercalciuria and without it. Patients with urolithiasis had higher values of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D (p=0,002), and lower of PTH (p=0,049), without any relationship to hypercalciuria and its subtypes. Seventy six percent of the patients had a daily calcium intake lower than 800 mg/day. The distribution of VDR alleles in patients with urolithiasis was similar to controls, although after grouping genotypes, a lower distribution of BB and tt polymorphisms were observed in patients suffering from urolithiasis.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Calcium kidney stone disease by itself produces a decrease in BMD, more intense in femoral neck, independently the presence or absence of hypercalciuria. Patients suffering from urolitihiasis have higher values of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D than non-hypercalciuric patients and lower values of PTH probably due to a low dietary calcium intake. In our population studied there is no relationship between VDR polymorphisms and the presence of calcium kidney stone disease. Because the reduced number of patients of our study, more studies are needed to obtain definitely conclusions.},
}
@article {pmid18335253,
year = {2008},
author = {Porowski, T and Zoch-Zwierz, W and Konstantynowicz, J and Taranta-Janusz, K},
title = {A new approach to the diagnosis of children's urolithiasis based on the Bonn Risk Index.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {23},
number = {7},
pages = {1123-1128},
pmid = {18335253},
issn = {0931-041X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Citrates/urine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Crystallization ; Female ; *Health Status Indicators ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypercalciuria/complications/urine ; Hyperoxaluria/complications/urine ; Male ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography ; *Urinalysis ; Urinary Calculi/*diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/etiology/urine ; },
abstract = {Published data on the association between calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystallization and kidney stone disease in children are scarce. The aims of this study were to determine CaOx crystallization using the Bonn Risk Index (BRI) in children with urolithiasis in comparison to healthy controls, to evaluate the relationships between BRI and urinary parameters, such as pH, calciuria, oxaluria and citraturia, and to assess the association between BRI and the size of renal stones. We compared the BRI in 142 Caucasian children and adolescents (76 girls, 66 boys) aged 3-18 years with kidney stones and 210 healthy age- and sex-matched controls without urolithiasis. Urinary ionized calcium ([Ca2+]) was measured using a selective electrode, while the onset of spontaneous crystallization was determined using a photometer and titration with 40 mmol/L ammonium oxalate (Ox2-). The calculation of the BRI value was based on the Ca2+:Ox2- ratio. High-resolution renal ultrasonography was carried out to estimate the size of the renal stones. The BRI values were 15-fold higher in children with renal stones than in healthy children without stones. The same trend was shown by BRI/kg body weight (tenfold greater in children with renal stones than in healthy children without stones), BRI/per 1.73 m2 body surface (13-fold greater) and BRI/body mass index (23-fold greater). No association was observed between BRI and the diameter of stones. Children with kidney stones, both males and females, had an increased BRI compared with subjects without urolithiasis. High BRI suggests an association with lower urinary pH, hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria or hypocitraturia, which are all risk factors of kidney stones. An increased BRI in children, although unrelated to renal stone size, reflects the risk of calcium oxalate crystallization and may indicate early metabolic disorders leading to urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid18293139,
year = {2008},
author = {Renkema, KY and Alexander, RT and Bindels, RJ and Hoenderop, JG},
title = {Calcium and phosphate homeostasis: concerted interplay of new regulators.},
journal = {Annals of medicine},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {82-91},
doi = {10.1080/07853890701689645},
pmid = {18293139},
issn = {0785-3890},
mesh = {25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcitonin/metabolism ; Calcitriol/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/physiology ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/metabolism ; Estrogens/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Glucuronidase/metabolism ; *Homeostasis ; Humans ; Klotho Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Phosphate Transport Proteins/physiology ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/metabolism ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology ; TRPV Cation Channels/physiology ; Tissue Kallikreins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Calcium (Ca(2+)) and phosphate (P(i)) are essential to many vital physiological processes. Consequently the maintenance of Ca(2+) and P(i) homeostasis is essential to a healthy existence. This occurs through the concerted action of intestinal, renal, and skeletal regulatory mechanisms. Ca(2+) and P(i) handling by these organs is under tight hormonal control. Disturbances in their homeostasis have been linked to pathophysiological disorders including chronic renal insufficiency, kidney stone formation, and bone abnormalities. Importantly, the kidneys fine-tune the amount of Ca(2+) and P(i) retained in the body by altering their (re)absorption from the glomerular filtrate. The ion transport proteins involved in this process have been studied extensively. Recently, new key players have been identified in the regulation of the Ca(2+) and P(i) balance. Novel regulatory mechanisms and their implications were introduced for the antiaging hormone klotho and fibroblast growth factor member 23 (FGF23). Importantly, transgenic mouse models, exhibiting disturbances in Ca(2+) and P(i) balance, have been of great value in the elucidation of klotho and FGF23 functioning. This review highlights the current knowledge and ongoing research into Ca(2+) and P(i) homeostasis, emphasizing findings from several relevant knockout mouse models.},
}
@article {pmid18286270,
year = {2008},
author = {Ryall, RL},
title = {The future of stone research: rummagings in the attic, Randall's plaque, nanobacteria, and lessons from phylogeny.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {36},
number = {2},
pages = {77-97},
pmid = {18286270},
issn = {0300-5623},
support = {1 R01DK064050-01A1/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Biomedical Research/*trends ; Calcium/metabolism ; Homeostasis/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism/physiopathology ; *Phylogeny ; Proteobacteria/physiology ; },
abstract = {The prevention or cure of stone disease will be achieved only by identifying biochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms operating before the formation of a calculus. Yet, the gradual increase in the total number of papers devoted to the study of kidney stones that has occurred since the beginning of the 21st century can be attributed almost entirely to papers concerned with the investigation of factors associated with urolithiasis after stones have already formed. The need to prevent stones by discovering how the human body routinely stops their formation in those of us who do not suffer from them is therefore as exigent as ever and a new approach to investigating the causes of stones is urgently needed. In this paper, I develop the view that stone research will best progress by examining and understanding how healthy plants and animals control the formation of biominerals. In addition to structures like bones, teeth, shells and spines, many organisms spanning the entire phylogenetic tree form intra- and extracellular granules which are use as storage depots for calcium and other important ions, which they can reclaim to maintain homeostasis or to satisfy specific needs during periods of high demand, such as shell formation, moulting or skeletal development. These electron-dense granules, which also bear an uncanny resemblance to calcified nanobacteria, are remarkably similar in general structure, size and composition to particles observed in healthy human kidneys and in Randall's plaque. Therefore, it is likely that the granules in human kidneys fulfil analogous functions to those in other organisms-particularly in calcium homeostasis. Their study in a large range of creatures has already provided a deep well of information about their structure, movement, composition, macromolecular content, synthesis and resorption, from which we can draw to quench our thirst for knowledge of basic mechanisms and events involved in the formation of human kidney stones.},
}
@article {pmid18276610,
year = {2008},
author = {Suzuki, Y and Pasch, A and Bonny, O and Mohaupt, MG and Hediger, MA and Frey, FJ},
title = {Gain-of-function haplotype in the epithelial calcium channel TRPV6 is a risk factor for renal calcium stone formation.},
journal = {Human molecular genetics},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {1613-1618},
doi = {10.1093/hmg/ddn048},
pmid = {18276610},
issn = {1460-2083},
mesh = {Adult ; Animals ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/analysis/blood/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*genetics/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Risk Factors ; TRPV Cation Channels/*genetics/metabolism ; Xenopus ; },
abstract = {The rate-limiting step of dietary calcium absorption in the intestine requires the brush border calcium entry channel TRPV6. The TRPV6 gene was completely sequenced in 170 renal calcium stone patients. The frequency of an ancestral TRPV6 haplotype consisting of three non-synonymous polymorphisms (C157R, M378V, M681T) was significantly higher (P = 0.039) in calcium stone formers (8.4%; derived = 502, ancestral = 46) compared to non-stone-forming individuals (5.4%; derived = 645, ancestral = 37). Mineral metabolism was investigated on four different calcium regimens: (i) free-choice diet, (ii) low calcium diet, (iii) fasting and (iv) after a 1 g oral calcium load. When patients homozygous for the derived haplotype were compared with heterozygous patients, no differences were found with respect to the plasma concentrations of 1,25-vitamin D, PTH and calcium, and the urinary excretion of calcium. In one stone-forming patient, the ancestral haplotype was found to be homozygous. This patient had absorptive hypercalciuria. We therefore expressed the ancestral protein (157R+378V+681T) in Xenopus oocytes and found a significantly enhanced calcium permeability when tested by a (45)Ca(2+) uptake assay (7.11 +/- 1.93 versus 3.61 +/- 1.01 pmol/min/oocyte for ancestral versus derived haplotype, P < 0.01). These results suggest that the ancestral gain-of-function haplotype in TRPV6 plays a role in calcium stone formation in certain forms of absorptive hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid18264917,
year = {2008},
author = {Cirillo, M and Iudici, M and Marcarelli, F and Laudato, M and Zincone, F},
title = {[Nephrolithiasis in patients with intestinal diseases].},
journal = {Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {42-48},
pmid = {18264917},
issn = {0393-5590},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Citrates/therapeutic use ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications/metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestinal Diseases/*complications/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Malabsorption Syndromes/complications/diet therapy/metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/drug therapy/*etiology/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Purines/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urine/chemistry ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Intestinal diseases may cause the formation of urinary stones through changes in the metabolism of oxalate, calcium, and uric acid. The oxalate that is excreted into urine comes from the catabolism of ascorbic acid and some amino acids or from intestinal absorption of food oxalate. Calcium is absorbed by the gut after the stimulation of active vitamin D and is excreted by the kidney under the control of the bone/parathyroid hormone axis. Uric acid is generated by the oxidation of exogenous and endogenous purine bases, is excreted by the kidney through glomerular filtration/tubular secretion, and is soluble in alkaline urine. Several data indicate that patients with inflammatory bowel diseases are at high risk of urinary stones containing calcium-oxalate salt or uric acid. Calcium-oxalate stones are caused by colonic oxalate hyperabsorption (secondary to intestinal dysfunction) or by parenteral nutrition. Uric acid stones are typical of patients with severe diarrhea and/or intestinal neostomy, that is, in patients with hyperconcentrated acidic urine. Relationships between malabsorptive intestinal diseases and urinary stones are less well defined. Preventive countermeasures are not the same for all disorders. Hyperoxaluria should be controlled by diets with a low content of lipids and oxalate but supplemented with calcium and probiotics. The presence of hyperconcentrated acidic urine should be controlled by correct hydration and administration of citrate.},
}
@article {pmid18219300,
year = {2008},
author = {Obligado, SH and Goldfarb, DS},
title = {The association of nephrolithiasis with hypertension and obesity: a review.},
journal = {American journal of hypertension},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {257-264},
doi = {10.1038/ajh.2007.62},
pmid = {18219300},
issn = {0895-7061},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/physiopathology ; Humans ; Hypertension/*epidemiology/physiopathology ; Insulin Resistance/physiology ; Nephrolithiasis/*epidemiology/physiopathology ; Obesity/*epidemiology/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {Kidney stones affect hypertensive patients disproportionately compared to normotensive individuals. On the other hand, some prospective data suggest that a history of nephrolithiasis was associated with a greater tendency to develop hypertension. Newer epidemiologic data also link obesity and diabetes, features of the metabolic syndrome, with nephrolithiasis. In this review, the association of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity with nephrolithiasis is reviewed, and possible pathogenic mechanisms are discussed. Patients with hypertension may have abnormalities of renal calcium metabolism, but data confirming this hypothesis are inconsistent. Higher body mass index and insulin resistance (i.e., the metabolic syndrome) may be etiologic in uric acid nephrolithiasis as increasing body weight is associated with decreasing urinary pH. The possibility that common pathophysiologic mechanisms underly these diseases is intriguing, and if better understood, could potentially lead to better therapies for stone prevention. Both hypertension and stones might be addressed through lifestyle modification to prevent weight gain. Adoption of a lower sodium diet with increased fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy products, (for example, the dietary approaches to stop hypertension(DASH) diet), may be useful to prevent both stones and hypertension. In those patients in whom dietary modification and weight loss are ineffective, thiazide diuretics are likely to improve blood pressure control and decrease calciuria.},
}
@article {pmid18203914,
year = {2008},
author = {Frassetto, LA and Morris, RC and Sellmeyer, DE and Sebastian, A},
title = {Adverse effects of sodium chloride on bone in the aging human population resulting from habitual consumption of typical American diets.},
journal = {The Journal of nutrition},
volume = {138},
number = {2},
pages = {419S-422S},
doi = {10.1093/jn/138.2.419S},
pmid = {18203914},
issn = {1541-6100},
support = {M01-RR0079/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Acid-Base Equilibrium/*drug effects ; Aging ; Bone and Bones/*drug effects ; Diet/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Osteoporosis ; Sodium Chloride/*adverse effects ; United States ; },
abstract = {A typical American diet contains amounts of sodium chloride far above evolutionary norms and potassium far below those norms. It also contains larger amounts of foods that are metabolized to noncarbonic acids than to organic bases. At baseline, in a steady state, diets that contain substantial sodium chloride and diets that are net acid producing each independently induce and sustain increased acidity of body fluid. With increasing age, the kidney's ability to excrete daily net acid loads declines, invoking homeostatically increased utilization of base stores (bone, skeletal muscle) on a daily basis to mitigate the otherwise increasing baseline metabolic acidosis, which results in increased calciuria and net losses of body calcium. Those effects of net acid production and its attendant increased body fluid acidity may contribute to development of osteoporosis and renal stones, loss of muscle mass, and age-related renal insufficiency. The inverted ratio of potassium to sodium in the diet compared with preagricultural diets affects cardiovascular function adversely and contributes to hypertension and stroke. The diet can return to its evolutionary norms of net base production inducing low-grade metabolic alkalosis and a high potassium-to-sodium ratio by 1) greatly reducing content of energy-dense nutrient-poor foods and potassium-poor acid-producing cereal grains, which would entail increasing consumption of potassium-rich net base-producing fruits and vegetables for maintenance of energy balance, and 2) greatly reducing sodium chloride consumption. Increasingly, evidence supports the health benefits of reestablishing evolutionary norms of dietary net base loads and high potassium and low sodium chloride loads. We focus here on the American diet's potential effects on bone through its superphysiologic content of sodium chloride.},
}
@article {pmid18190622,
year = {2008},
author = {Stejskal, D and Karpisek, M and Vrtal, R and Student, V and Solichova, P and Fiala, R and Stejskal, P},
title = {Urine fetuin-A values in relation to the presence of urolithiasis.},
journal = {BJU international},
volume = {101},
number = {9},
pages = {1151-1154},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.07432.x},
pmid = {18190622},
issn = {1464-410X},
mesh = {Case-Control Studies ; Crystallization ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urolithiasis/blood/*pathology/urine ; alpha-Fetoproteins/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of urine fetuin-A and other promotors and inhibitors of urine crystalization with urolithiasis, as fetuin-A inhibits the precipitation of hydroxyapatite from supersaturated solutions of calcium and phosphate in vitro but no information on urine fetuin-A in patients with urolithiasis is available.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 39 patients with urolithiasis and 22 individuals with no urolithiasis or probands with undetected stones were involved. All patients underwent kidney ultrasonography and X-ray examination, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Serum creatinine, parathyroid hormone, calcium, magnesium, anorganic phosphate, uric acid and urine creatinine, albumin, alpha(1)-microglobulin, sulphate, oxalate, citrate and fetuin-A (ELISA) were determined.<br><br>RESULTS: The patients with urolithiasis had lower urine fetuin-A levels (median 4.9 vs 0.77 mg/day; P < 0.01) and citraturia levels (1.7 vs 5.1 mmol/day; P = 0.02); and higher calciuria (6.5 vs 5.2 mmol/day) and oxaluria (0.47 vs 0.25; P = 0.04). Patients with fetuin-A levels in the lowest quartile had an odds ratio of 36 compared with individuals in the highest quartile. The sensitivity of the urine fetuin-A level for urolithiasis was 97.4% and specificity was 100% (area under the curve 0.99; 95% confidence interval 0.94-1.0) using a urine fetuin-A threshold of <or=2.1 mg/day. Values of urine fetuin-A did not correlate with gender, age or BMI.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates, for the first time, that patients with documented urolithiasis had lower fetuin-A concentrations independent of other conventional promotors and inhibitors of urine crystallization.},
}
@article {pmid17726349,
year = {2007},
author = {Vella, M and Karydi, M and Coraci, G and Oriti, R and Melloni, D},
title = {Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of urinary lithiasis.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {79 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {26-31},
doi = {10.1159/000104438},
pmid = {17726349},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Cystinuria/complications/urine ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/complications/urine ; Hyperoxaluria/complications/urine ; Hyperuricemia/complications/urine ; Kidney/abnormalities ; Oxalic Acid/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urogenital Abnormalities/complications ; Urolithiasis/*etiology/*metabolism/physiopathology/urine ; Xanthine/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Urine is a complex balanced solution containing dissociated and non-dissociated solutes. Any variation in urine saturation grade (number of crystals dissolved in a volume of urine), urinary pH and the concentration of crystallization inhibitors can break the normal existing balance and lead to urolithiasis. In the present article we analyze the principal mechanisms (absorptive, renal, resorptive) of hypercalciuria. It will be also shown how heredity directly influences the clinical aspects of cystine, xanthine and oxalate lithiasis and how diet, in association with metabolic disorders, interferes in uric acid and oxalate stone formation. Finally, we report on the roles of urinary tract malformations, urinary tract infections and drugs in the clinical characterization of urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid17880300,
year = {2007},
author = {Kato, Y and Taniguchi, N and Okuyama, M and Kakizaki, H},
title = {Three cases of urolithiasis associated with sarcoidosis: a review of Japanese cases.},
journal = {International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association},
volume = {14},
number = {10},
pages = {954-956},
doi = {10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01854.x},
pmid = {17880300},
issn = {0919-8172},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Japan/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Sarcoidosis/*complications/diagnosis/epidemiology/metabolism ; Urolithiasis/*complications/diagnosis/epidemiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {We report three cases of urolithiasis associated with sarcoidosis and reviewed the Japanese published reports. All cases had hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalciuria and renal dysfunction. A serum level of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was elevated and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) was decreased. Stone components were predominantly calcium oxalate. Abnormal calcium metabolism is a well-known feature of sarcoidosis and the reported prevalence of urolithiasis in patients with sarcoidosis was 1.3-14.0% in the English published reports. However, urolithiasis associated with sarcoidosis is uncommon in Japan and we could find only 16 documented cases including ours. Abnormal calcium metabolism is caused by an increase in serum concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D3, which is derived from endogenous overproduction in the pulmonary macrophages. If patients with urolithiasis have abnormal calcium metabolism, renal impairment and suppression of PTH, the possibility of sarcoidosis should be considered for a differential diagnosis. Also, it should be emphasized that the presence or developing of urolithiasis is to be monitored during follow up of patients with sarcoidosis.},
}
@article {pmid17853052,
year = {2007},
author = {Dussol, B and Verdier, JM and Goff, JM and Berthezene, P and Berland, Y},
title = {Artificial neural networks for assessing the risk factors for urinary calcium stones according to gender and family history of stone.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {41},
number = {5},
pages = {414-418},
doi = {10.1080/00365590701365263},
pmid = {17853052},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; *Family ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Neural Networks, Computer ; Predictive Value of Tests ; ROC Curve ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; *Sex Characteristics ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In a previous work, we evidenced that artificial neural networks (ANNs) were more informative than classical statistical analyses for assessing the risk of idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis in male stone-formers.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: We compared risk factors for idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis (age, body mass index, calcemia, calcium oxalate supersaturation, and 24-h calciuria, oxaluria, uricosuria, citraturia, urea, and sodium) in four populations: men and women with and without a family history of stone (FHS). A total of 119 males (58 with an FHS, 61 without) and 59 females (30 with an FHS, 29 without) were compared to healthy controls. For each variable, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indices were calculated by means of ANNs.<br><br>RESULTS: In men without an FHS, the most discriminant variables were 24-h urea (ROC curve index 0.76), supersaturation (ROC curve index 0.72), 24-h calciuria (ROC curve index 0.68), 24-h uricosuria (ROC curve index 0.64), 24-h oxaluria (ROC curve index 0.63), 24-h sodium (ROC curve index 0.62), and calcemia (ROC curve index 0.60). In men with an FHS, only supersaturation (ROC curve index 0.67) was discriminant. In women without FHS, calcemia (ROC curve index 0.67), 24-h calciuria (ROC curve index 0.64), and 24-h uricosuria (ROC curve index 0.62) were discriminant. In women with an FHS, supersaturation (ROC curve index 0.70), 24-h uricosuria (ROC curve index 0.69), 24-h urea (ROC curve index 0.68), and 24-h calciuria (ROC curve index 0.67) were discriminant.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis were roughly the same in men with or without an FHS, and in women with an FHS. In these patients, calcium oxalate supersaturation and 24-h urea were the most discriminant factors. Conversely, in women without an FHS, calcium abnormalities (calcemia, 24-h calciuria) were discriminant and should prompt a search for infraclinical primary hyperparathyroidism or sarcoidosis.},
}
@article {pmid17708714,
year = {2007},
author = {Oz, OK and Hajibeigi, A and Howard, K and Cummins, CL and van Abel, M and Bindels, RJ and Word, RA and Kuro-o, M and Pak, CY and Zerwekh, JE},
title = {Aromatase deficiency causes altered expression of molecules critical for calcium reabsorption in the kidneys of female mice *.},
journal = {Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research},
volume = {22},
number = {12},
pages = {1893-1902},
doi = {10.1359/jbmr.070808},
pmid = {17708714},
issn = {0884-0431},
support = {HD01463/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; P01DK20543/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Absorption ; Animals ; Aromatase/*deficiency ; Calbindin 1 ; Calbindins ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/biosynthesis/genetics ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation/genetics ; Glucuronidase/biosynthesis/genetics ; Hypercalciuria/genetics/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/genetics/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*metabolism ; Klotho Proteins ; Menopause/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Plasma Membrane Calcium-Transporting ATPases/biosynthesis/genetics ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/biosynthesis/genetics ; Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/biosynthesis/genetics ; TRPV Cation Channels/biosynthesis/genetics ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Kidney stones increase after menopause, suggesting a role for estrogen deficiency. ArKO mice have hypercalciuria and lower levels of calcium transport proteins, whereas levels of the klotho protein are elevated. Thus, estrogen deficiency is sufficient to cause altered renal calcium handling.<br><br>INTRODUCTION: The incidence of renal stones increases in women after menopause, implicating a possible role for estrogen deficiency. We used the aromatase deficient (ArKO) mouse, a model of estrogen deficiency, to test the hypothesis that estrogen deficiency would increase urinary calcium excretion and alter the expression of molecular regulators of renal calcium reabsorption.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult female wildtype (WT), ArKO, and estradiol-treated ArKO mice (n = 5-12/group) were used to measure urinary calcium in the fed and fasting states, relative expression level of some genes involved in calcium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule by real-time PCR, and protein expression by Western blotting or immunohistochemistry. Plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) activity was measured in kidney membrane preparations. ANOVA was used to test for differences between groups followed by posthoc analysis with Dunnett's test.<br><br>RESULTS: Compared with WT, urinary Ca:Cr ratios were elevated in ArKO mice, renal mRNA levels of transient receptor potential cation channel vallinoid subfamily member 5 (TRPV5), TRPV6, calbindin-D28k, the Na+/Ca+ exchanger (NCX1), and the PMCA1b were significantly decreased, and klotho mRNA and protein levels were elevated. Estradiol treatment of ArKO mice normalized urinary calcium excretion, renal mRNA levels of TRPV5, calbindin-D(28k), PMCA1b, and klotho, as well as protein levels of calbindin-D28k and Klotho. ArKO mice treated with estradiol had significantly greater PMCA activity than either untreated ArKO mice or WT mice.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Estrogen deficiency caused by aromatase inactivation is sufficient for renal calcium loss. Changes in estradiol levels are associated with coordinated changes in expression of many proteins involved in distal tubule calcium reabsorption. Estradiol seems to act at the genomic level by increasing or decreasing (klotho) protein expression and nongenomically by increasing PMCA activity. PMCA, not NCX1, is likely responsible for extruding calcium in response to in vivo estradiol hormonal challenge. These data provide potential mechanisms for regulation of renal calcium handling in response to changes in serum estrogen levels.},
}
@article {pmid17481392,
year = {2007},
author = {Colburn, RW and Lubin, ML and Stone, DJ and Wang, Y and Lawrence, D and D'Andrea, MR and Brandt, MR and Liu, Y and Flores, CM and Qin, N},
title = {Attenuated cold sensitivity in TRPM8 null mice.},
journal = {Neuron},
volume = {54},
number = {3},
pages = {379-386},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2007.04.017},
pmid = {17481392},
issn = {0896-6273},
mesh = {Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Capsaicin/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; *Cold Temperature ; Ganglia, Spinal/cytology ; Inflammation/chemically induced/genetics/physiopathology ; Methanol/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout/*physiology ; Motor Activity/drug effects/genetics ; Neurons, Afferent/drug effects/physiology ; Pain Measurement/methods ; Pyrimidinones/pharmacology ; Reaction Time/drug effects ; TRPM Cation Channels/*deficiency ; Thermosensing/*genetics ; },
abstract = {Thermosensation is an essential sensory function that is subserved by a variety of transducer molecules, including those from the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) ion channel superfamily. One of its members, TRPM8 (CMR1), a ligand-gated, nonselective cation channel, is activated by both cold and chemical stimuli in vitro. However, its roles in cold thermosensation and pain in vivo have not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that sensory neurons derived from TRPM8 null mice lack detectable levels of TRPM8 mRNA and protein and that the number of these neurons responding to cold (18 degrees C) and menthol (100 microM) is greatly decreased. Furthermore, compared with WT mice, TRPM8 null mice display deficiencies in certain behaviors, including icilin-induced jumping and cold sensation, as well as a significant reduction in injury-induced responsiveness to acetone cooling. These results suggest that TRPM8 may play an important role in certain types of cold-induced pain in humans.},
}
@article {pmid17476495,
year = {2007},
author = {Odvina, CV and Sakhaee, K and Heller, HJ and Peterson, RD and Poindexter, JR and Padalino, PK and Pak, CY},
title = {Biochemical characterization of primary hyperparathyroidism with and without kidney stones.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {123-128},
pmid = {17476495},
issn = {0300-5623},
support = {M01 RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01 DK20543/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/urine ; Citrates/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/*complications/physiopathology/*urine ; Intestinal Absorption/physiology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/physiopathology/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/urine ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {The exact metabolic-physiological background for kidney stone formation in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is unclear. To obtain clarification, this retrospective data analysis was conducted in 131 patients with PHPT who had undergone a detailed ambulatory evaluation on a random diet since 1980. The baseline biochemical presentation of 78 patients with PHPT with stones was compared with that of 53 patients without stones. Compared to those without stones, the stone-forming patients had a more marked hypercalciuria (343 +/- 148 vs. 273 +/- 148 mg/day, P < 0.01). Urinary saturation of calcium oxalate and brushite was significantly higher in stone-formers. Serum PTH and fasting urinary calcium were similar between the two groups, but serum phosphorus was significantly lower in stone-formers. Serum calcitriol (available in some patients) showed a slightly higher mean value in stone-formers but the difference was not significant. The increment in urinary calcium after oral load of 1-g calcium was twofold higher among stone-formers. Radial shaft and L2-L4 bone mineral densities resided within the normal ranges. Stone-formers with PHPT display exaggerated urinary calcium excretion due to intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, contributing to a greater enhancement of the saturation of stone-forming calcium salts.},
}
@article {pmid17432687,
year = {2007},
author = {Zhang, XB and Cui, NQ and Li, DH},
title = {[Effect of clearing heat and removing dampness method on formation of pigment gallstones in rabbits].},
journal = {Zhongguo Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi Zhongguo Zhongxiyi jiehe zazhi = Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {241-243},
pmid = {17432687},
issn = {1003-5370},
mesh = {Animals ; Bile/drug effects/metabolism ; Bile Pigments/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Gallstones/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Glucuronidase/metabolism ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To observe dynamically the effect of drugs for clearing heat and removing dampness (CHRD) on biliary components in rabbits with pigment gallstones (PGS).<br><br>METHODS: Forty rabbits were established into PGS model and randomly divided into 3 groups, the bacterial infection group, the CHRD low-dose group and the CHRD high-dose group. Besides, a normal group was set up with healthy rabbits for control. Changes of total bilirubin (TB), unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), total bile acid (TBA), Ca2+, bacterial and endogenous beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gase) in bile were observed.<br><br>RESULTS: CHRD drugs significantly decreased the contents of UCB, Ca2+, bacterial and endogenous beta-Gase (P < 0.05), and increased TBA in bile (P < 0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: CHRD drugs have good effect in reducing the lithogenesis of the pigment gallstones.},
}
@article {pmid17419705,
year = {2007},
author = {Liu, CC and Huang, CH and Wu, WJ and Huang, SP and Chou, YH and Li, CC and Chai, CY and Wu, MT},
title = {Association of vitamin D receptor (Fok-I) polymorphism with the clinical presentation of calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {BJU international},
volume = {99},
number = {6},
pages = {1534-1538},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06792.x},
pmid = {17419705},
issn = {1464-4096},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; Taiwan ; Urolithiasis/*genetics ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI polymorphism on the clinical presentation of calcium urolithiasis, as a FokI polymorphism in the VDR gene was recently reported to be associated with calcium metabolism disorders.<br><br>In all, 235 patients with calcium urolithiasis and 231 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital between June 2003 and February 2005. Clinical information on the age at first onset, stone episodes, stone severity and presence of family history were collected from patients with stones. Any VDR FokI polymorphism was detected using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: The frequency of VDR FokI genotypes between the patients and the healthy controls was not significantly different. However, among patients, those with the FF genotype had a significantly higher risk of having more stone episodes (adjusted odds ratio 2.15, 95% confidence interval 1.02-4.54, P = 0.044) and were younger at the first onset (3.23, 1.08-9.63, P = 0.036) than those with the ff genotype.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The VDR FokI polymorphism might be important in the clinical presentation of patients with calcium urolithiasis, especially for the frequency of stone episodes and age at first onset, although it is not associated with the formation of stones.},
}
@article {pmid17393118,
year = {2007},
author = {Liu, J and Cao, Z and Zhang, Z and Zhou, S and Ye, Z},
title = {A comparative study on several models of experimental renal calcium oxalate stones formation in rats.},
journal = {Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {83-87},
pmid = {17393118},
issn = {1672-0733},
mesh = {Ammonium Chloride/adverse effects/metabolism/urine ; Animals ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/urine ; Calcium Gluconate/adverse effects/metabolism/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism/*urine ; Creatinine/blood ; Crystallization ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ethylene Glycol/adverse effects/metabolism/urine ; Gentamicins/adverse effects/metabolism/urine ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/adverse effects/metabolism/urine ; Hydroxyproline/adverse effects/metabolism/urine ; Kidney/*metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/chemically induced/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Magnesium/metabolism/urine ; Male ; Microscopy, Polarization ; Oxalates/adverse effects/metabolism/urine ; Phosphorus/blood ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; },
abstract = {In order to compare the effects of several experimental renal calcium oxalate stones formation models in rats and to find a simple and convenient model with significant effect of calcium oxalate crystals deposition in the kidney, several rat models of renal calcium oxalate stones formation were induced by some crystal-inducing drugs (CID) including ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium chloride (AC), vitamin D(3)[1alpha(OH)VitD(3), alfacalcidol], calcium gluconate, ammonium oxalate, gentamicin sulfate, L-hydroxyproline. The rats were fed with drugs given singly or unitedly. At the end of experiment, 24-h urines were collected and the serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the extents of calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the renal tissue, urinary calcium and oxalate excretion were measured. The serum Cr levels in the stone-forming groups were significantly higher than those in the control group except for the group EG+L-hydroxyproline, group calcium gluconate and group oxalate. Blood BUN concentration was significantly higher in rats fed with CID than that in control group except for group EG+L-hydroxyproline and group ammonium oxalate plus calcium gluconate. In the group of rats administered with EG plus Vitamin D(3), the deposition of calcium oxalate crystal in the renal tissue and urinary calcium excretion were significantly greater than other model groups. The effect of the model induced by EG plus AC was similar to that in the group induced by EG plus Vitamin D(3). EG plus Vitamin D(3) or EG plus AC could stably and significantly induced the rat model of renal calcium oxalate stones formation.},
}
@article {pmid17382697,
year = {2007},
author = {Huen, SC and Goldfarb, DS},
title = {Adverse metabolic side effects of thiazides: implications for patients with calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {177},
number = {4},
pages = {1238-1243},
doi = {10.1016/j.juro.2006.11.040},
pmid = {17382697},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Nephrolithiasis/*metabolism ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Thiazides/*adverse effects ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Thiazide use to prevent recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis is supported by randomized, controlled trials. Concerns regarding adverse metabolic effects of thiazides, which are also used to treat hypertension, have reemerged with analysis of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. The risks posed by thiazide induced hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and dyslipidemia may decrease the expected cardiovascular benefit of lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Whether these side effects occur and are clinically significant in nonhypertensive patients with kidney stones treated with thiazides is unclear.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the literature was performed for randomized, controlled trials with thiazides for calcium nephrolithiasis. We sought data regarding metabolic effects in this population, including hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia and dyslipidemia.<br><br>RESULTS: Nine randomized, controlled trials of thiazide treatment for kidney stones were included. Mean patient age was 42 years and followup was 2.6 years. Only 2 of the 9 studies measured glucose and lipid levels, which did not significantly change with treatment. Three studies measured serum potassium and 2 showed a significant decrease. Three of the 9 studies measured serum uric acid levels, which increased in all 3. None of the trials studied the development of diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of data on the metabolic effects of thiazides used to prevent recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. It remains unclear if metabolic effects occur and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in otherwise healthy patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis on thiazide prophylaxis. Further research is needed to elucidate other alternatives for the treatment of recurrent nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid17352876,
year = {2007},
author = {Shen, P and Fang, BJ and Zhu, PT and Zhang, JZ and Pei, XJ},
title = {[Effect of traditional Chinese herbs for nourishing the liver on intracellular free calcium level in gallbladder cells of guinea pigs with gallstones].},
journal = {Zhong xi yi jie he xue bao = Journal of Chinese integrative medicine},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {179-182},
doi = {10.3736/jcim20070216},
pmid = {17352876},
issn = {1672-1977},
mesh = {Animals ; Biological Transport, Active/drug effects ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cholesterol, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage/toxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Gallbladder/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Gallstones/chemically induced/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of intracellular free calcium level ([Ca(2+)]i) in gallbladder cells of guinea pigs with gallstones so as to study the mechanisms of gallstone formation and the prevention and treatment function of traditional Chinese herbs for nourishing the liver.<br><br>METHODS: Eighty guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups, which were normal control group, untreated group, nourishing-liver Chinese drug (NLCD) group and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) group, with 20 guinea pigs in each group. Gallstones were induced in the guinea pigs of the latter 3 groups by the feed of diet inducing cholelithiasis with high cholesterol, while the corresponding medicines were used in NLCD group and UDCA group for prevention and treatment for 7 weeks. Then the state of the guinea pigs, the formation of gallstones, and the changes of [Ca(2+)]i in gallbladder cells were observed.<br><br>RESULTS: The [Ca(2+)]i in gallbladder cells of guinea pigs in the untreated group was decreased significantly. NLCD improved the behavioral signs of the guinea pigs, significantly decreased the formative rate of gallstones and increased the [Ca(2+)]i in gallbladder cells.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The [Ca(2+)]i in gallbladder cells is the important factor for contractile function of gallbladder and the information of gallstones. Traditional Chinese herbs for nourishing the liver may significantly increase the [Ca(2+)]i in gallbladder cells to facilitate contraction of the smooth muscle cells of gallbladder and relieve the cholestatis. It may be one of the mechanisms of traditional Chinese herbs for nourishing the liver in preventing and treating cholelithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid17227436,
year = {2007},
author = {Goracke-Postle, CJ and Overland, AC and Stone, LS and Fairbanks, CA},
title = {Agmatine transport into spinal nerve terminals is modulated by polyamine analogs.},
journal = {Journal of neurochemistry},
volume = {100},
number = {1},
pages = {132-141},
doi = {10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04193.x},
pmid = {17227436},
issn = {0022-3042},
support = {K01 DA-00509/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; R21 DA-15387/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; T32DA007097/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; T32DA07234/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Agmatine/*metabolism ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Axonal Transport/*drug effects ; Binding, Competitive/drug effects ; Biogenic Polyamines/*pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Energy Metabolism ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission/methods ; Paraquat/pharmacology ; Putrescine/metabolism ; Pyruvaldehyde/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Nerves/drug effects/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Synaptosomes/*drug effects/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Triturus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Agmatine (decarboxylated arginine) is an endogenous amine found in the CNS that antagonizes NMDA receptors and inhibits nitric oxide synthase. Intrathecally administered agmatine inhibits hyperalgesia evoked by inflammation, nerve injury and intrathecally administered NMDA. These actions suggest an antiglutamatergic neuromodulatory role for agmatine in the spinal cord. Such a function would require a mechanism of regulated clearance of agmatine such as neuronal or glial uptake. Consistent with this concept, radiolabeled agmatine has been shown to accumulate in synaptosomes, but the mechanism of this transport has not been fully characterized. The present study describes an agmatine uptake system in spinal synaptosomes that appears driven by a polyamine transporter. [(3)H]Agmatine uptake was Ca(2+), energy and temperature dependent. [(3)H]Agmatine transport was not moderated by L-arginine, L-glutamate, glycine, GABA, norepinephrine or serotonin. In contrast, [(3)H]agmatine uptake was concentration dependently inhibited by unlabeled putrescine and by unlabeled spermidine (at significantly higher concentrations). Similarly, [(3)H]putrescine uptake was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by unlabeled agmatine and spermidine. The polyamine analogs paraquat and methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) inhibited, whereas the polyamine transport enhancer difluoromethylornithine increased, [(3)H]agmatine transport. Taken together, these results suggest that agmatine transport into spinal synaptosomes may be governed by a polyamine transport mechanism.},
}
@article {pmid17210796,
year = {2007},
author = {Worcester, EM and Gillen, DL and Evan, AP and Parks, JH and Wright, K and Trumbore, L and Nakagawa, Y and Coe, FL},
title = {Evidence that postprandial reduction of renal calcium reabsorption mediates hypercalciuria of patients with calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Renal physiology},
volume = {292},
number = {1},
pages = {F66-75},
doi = {10.1152/ajprenal.00115.2006},
pmid = {17210796},
issn = {1931-857X},
support = {M01 00055//PHS HHS/United States ; P01-56788//PHS HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism/*urine ; Diet ; Dietary Proteins/pharmacology ; Fasting/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Iothalamic Acid/pharmacology ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Magnesium/blood/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithiasis/*urine ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/blood/urine ; Postprandial Period/*physiology ; Sodium/urine ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is common among calcium stone formers (IHSF). The increased urinary calcium arises from increased intestinal absorption of calcium, but it is unclear whether increased filtered load or decreased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium is the main mechanism for the increased renal excretion. To explore this question, 10 IHSF and 7 normal subjects (N) were studied for 1 day. Urine and blood samples were collected at 30- to 60-min intervals while subjects were fasting and after they ate three meals providing known amounts of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, protein, and calories. Fasting and fed, ultrafiltrable calcium levels, and filtered load of calcium did not differ between N and IHSF. Urine calcium rose with meals, and fractional reabsorption fell in all subjects, but the change was significantly higher in IHSF. The changes in calcium excretion were independent of sodium excretion. Serum parathyroid hormone levels did not differ between N and IHSF, and they could not account for the greater fall in calcium reabsorption in IHSF. Serum magnesium and phosphorus levels in IHSF were below N throughout the day, and tubule phosphate reabsorption was lower in IHSF than N after meals. The primary mechanism by which kidneys ferry absorbed calcium into the urine after meals is via reduced tubule calcium reabsorption, and IHSF differ from N in the magnitude of the response. Parathyroid hormone is not likely to be a sufficient explanation for this difference.},
}
@article {pmid17160655,
year = {2007},
author = {Tugcu, V and Ozbek, E and Aras, B and Ozbay, B and Islim, F and Tasci, AI},
title = {Bone mineral density measurement in patients with recurrent normocalciuric calcium stone disease.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {29-34},
pmid = {17160655},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {*Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; *Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnostic imaging ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Citrates/urine ; Female ; Femur/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging ; Oxalates/urine ; Recurrence ; Urolithiasis/*diagnostic imaging/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {To investigate bone mineral densitometry findings in patients with normocalciuric urinary system stone disease, we compared 150 patients with normocalciuric calcium stone disease (group 1) and 60 subjects of a control group (group 2). The patients were compared according to bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), bone mineral density (BMD), T-score and Z-score values of femur neck, total femur and lumbar spine (L2-L4) by dual energy absorptiometry. We found that 76.6% of the patients in group 1 and 20.0% in group 2 had low BMD; 11.3% of patients in group 1 had osteoporosis and 65.4% had osteopenia. In the control group, there was no osteoporosis, but 20.0% of the subjects had osteopenia. In group 1, there was hyperoxaluria in 26.0% of patients, hypocitraturia in 15.3% of patients, hyperuricosuria in 6.0% of patients, both hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria in 8.6% of patients in a 24-h urine analysis. Urine analysis was normal in 44.0% of patients. Our results showed a severe loss of bone mass in patients with urinary system normocalciuric calcium stone disease. Thus, the necessary precautions concerning bone mass protection should be taken and the patients should be informed about this issue.},
}
@article {pmid17137403,
year = {2006},
author = {Vestergaard, P},
title = {Current pharmacological options for the management of primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Drugs},
volume = {66},
number = {17},
pages = {2189-2211},
pmid = {17137403},
issn = {0012-6667},
mesh = {Bone Density ; Calcium/agonists/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Drugs for treating primary hyperparathyroidism can be divided into two main groups: (i) antiresorptive drugs that inhibit the increased bone turnover, which can be divided into estrogen-like compounds (estrogen, oral contraceptives and selective estrogen receptor modulators [SERMs]), bisphosphonates and calcitonin; and (ii) drugs that interfere with parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion (currently only cinacalcet is available). No drugs that interfere with PTH action are currently available. Available studies suggest that all classes of drugs are able to lower serum calcium levels. However, calcitonin does so only temporarily. Estrogen-containing compounds (hormone replacement therapy) may be less attractive because of the potential risk of breast cancer, cardiovascular disease and deep vein thromboembolism. Oral contraceptives have not been shown to be able to prevent fractures in the general population, and no data are available on their effect in women with primary hyperparathyroidism. The only SERM marketed for hyperparathyroidism is raloxifene and this has not been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases, and has been shown to be able to prevent vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Two small trials suggest that raloxifene may increase bone mineral density (BMD) and decrease serum calcium levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Bisphosphonates have been shown to decrease serum calcium and increase BMD in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, but PTH levels may increase. Cinacalcet effectively induces a sustained decrease in serum calcium and PTH for up to 1 year. However, BMD does not seem to increase. No data on hard endpoints such as fractures, kidney stones, cardiovascular disease etc. are available for any of the drugs available for the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism.},
}
@article {pmid17129690,
year = {2007},
author = {Brown, DM and Hutchison, L and Donaldson, K and MacKenzie, SJ and Dick, CA and Stone, V},
title = {The effect of oxidative stress on macrophages and lung epithelial cells: the role of phosphodiesterases 1 and 4.},
journal = {Toxicology letters},
volume = {168},
number = {1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.10.016},
pmid = {17129690},
issn = {0378-4274},
mesh = {3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; 4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Cell Line ; Chelating Agents/pharmacology ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1 ; Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4 ; Egtazic Acid/analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells/*drug effects/metabolism ; Interleukin-8/metabolism ; Lung/cytology ; Macrophages/*drug effects/metabolism ; Mice ; Oxidants/*pharmacology ; *Oxidative Stress ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Verapamil/pharmacology ; tert-Butylhydroperoxide/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in various pulmonary diseases by causing direct injury to lung epithelial cells. Signalling activity of cells through transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and AP-1 have been shown to be regulated by ROS, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines demonstrated in the study of inflammatory disease. In this study, we examined the effect of the oxidant tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) on mouse J774 macrophages and its ability to cause the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The role of calcium as a signalling molecule was studied using various calcium antagonists. The role of the signalling molecule cAMP was also investigated using phosphodiesterase inhibitors PDE1 and PDE4 families. Oxidative stress was investigated in lung epithelial (A549) cells with and without calcium antagonists and PDE inhibitors with regard to their ability to modulate release of the neutrophil chemoattractant interleukin 8 (IL-8). The oxidant tBHP significantly increased the cytosolic calcium concentration in J774 macrophages, which was prevented by the PDE1 inhibitor. The production of TNF-alpha protein by J774 macrophages was mediated by a pathway involving calcium as addition of calcium antagonists inhibited the tBHP stimulated increase in the cytokine. Inhibitors of both PDE1 and PDE4 completely prevented the tBHP stimulated TNF-alpha release suggesting that the cAMP pathway may be important in the oxidant induced signalling pathway leading to gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In the presence of oxidant alone, A549 epithelial cells released significant amounts of IL-8, which was inhibited by both calcium antagonist treatment and PDE inhibition treatment. These data suggest that ROS-mediated lung inflammation could be mediated at least in part by calcium and elevated PDE activity associated with decreased cAMP in both macrophages and epithelial cells. Inhibition of these pathways may provide a route for treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.},
}
@article {pmid17120180,
year = {2007},
author = {Bolland, MJ and Ames, RW and Horne, AM and Orr-Walker, BJ and Gamble, GD and Reid, IR},
title = {The effect of treatment with a thiazide diuretic for 4 years on bone density in normal postmenopausal women.},
journal = {Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {479-486},
pmid = {17120180},
issn = {0937-941X},
mesh = {Blood Chemical Analysis/methods ; Bone Density/*drug effects ; Bone Resorption/physiopathology/prevention &amp; control ; Calcium/metabolism ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Fractures, Bone/prevention &amp; control ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Leg Bones/physiology ; Long-Term Care/methods ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/prevention &amp; control ; Postmenopause/*physiology ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Spine/physiology ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {SUMMARY: We performed a 2-year extension of our previous 2-year randomized controlled trial of the effects of hydrochlorothiazide on bone mineral density. The improvements in bone density seen in the first 2 years were sustained throughout the extension study. Thiazides provide a further option in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss.<br><br>INTRODUCTION: Thiazide diuretics reduce urinary calcium excretion and therefore might prevent osteoporosis. Previously we reported a 2-year randomized controlled trial of hydrochlorothiazide treatment in 185 postmenopausal women that showed positive benefits of hydrochlorothiazide on bone density. Here, we report the results of a 2-year extension to that study.<br><br>METHODS: Of 185 healthy postmenopausal women, 122 agreed to continue in a double-blinded 2-year extension taking 50 mg hydrochlorothiazide or placebo daily. Measurements of bone density occurred every 6 months and of calcium metabolism at 2 and 4 years.<br><br>RESULTS: The improvements in bone density seen in the first 2 years of the trial were sustained throughout the extension. There were significant between-groups differences in the change in bone density over 4 years at the total body (0.9%, P<0.001), legs (1.0%, P=0.002), mid-forearm (1.1%, P=0.03), and ultradistal forearm (1.4%, P=0.04). At the lumbar spine (0.9%, P=0.76) and femoral neck (0.4%, P=0.53) the between-groups differences did not reach statistical significance.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Hydrochlorothiazide produces small positive benefits on cortical bone density that are sustained for at least the first 4 years of treatment. They provide a further option in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss, especially for women with hypertension or a history of kidney stones.},
}
@article {pmid17047128,
year = {2006},
author = {Belzer, C and Kusters, JG and Kuipers, EJ and van Vliet, AH},
title = {Urease induced calcium precipitation by Helicobacter species may initiate gallstone formation.},
journal = {Gut},
volume = {55},
number = {11},
pages = {1678-1679},
pmid = {17047128},
issn = {0017-5749},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Chemical Precipitation ; Gallstones/*microbiology ; Helicobacter Infections/*complications ; Humans ; Urease/*physiology ; },
}
@article {pmid16908491,
year = {2006},
author = {Silver, WL and Clapp, TR and Stone, LM and Kinnamon, SC},
title = {TRPV1 receptors and nasal trigeminal chemesthesis.},
journal = {Chemical senses},
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {807-812},
doi = {10.1093/chemse/bjl022},
pmid = {16908491},
issn = {0379-864X},
support = {R01 DC 006070-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Capsaicin/analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Irritants/*pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Smell/*physiology ; Stimulation, Chemical ; TRPV Cation Channels/drug effects/genetics/*physiology ; Transfection ; Trigeminal Nerve/*physiology ; },
abstract = {The trigeminal nerve responds to a wide variety of irritants. Trigeminal nerve fibers express several receptors that respond to chemicals, including TRPV1 (vanilloid) receptors, acid-sensing ion channels, P2X (purinergic) receptors, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. In order to assess whether TRPV1 plays a role in responses to a broad array of substances, TRPV1 (along with green fluorescent protein) was expressed in human embyonic kidney cells (HEK) 293t cells which were then stimulated with diverse trigeminal irritants. Calcium imaging was used to measure responses to capsaicin, amyl acetate, cyclohexanone, acetic acid, toluene, benzaldehyde, (-)-nicotine, (R)-(+)-limonene, (R)-(-)-carvone, and (S)-(+)-carvone. Three irritants (acetic acid and the 2 carvones) stimulated nontransfected controls. Two irritants (capsaicin and cyclohexanone) stimulated only transfected cells. The response could be eliminated with capsazepine, a TRPV1 blocker. The 5 remaining irritants were nonstimulatory in both nontransfected and transfected cells. Because all the compounds tested on HEK cells elicited neural responses from the ethmoid branch of the trigeminal nerve in rats, the 5 nonstimulatory compounds must do so by a non-TRPV1 receptor. These results suggest that TRPV1 serves as a receptor for both cyclohexanone and capsaicin in trigeminal nerve endings.},
}
@article {pmid16855017,
year = {2006},
author = {Mente, A and Honey, RJ and McLaughlin, JM and Bull, SB and Logan, AG},
title = {High urinary calcium excretion and genetic susceptibility to hypertension and kidney stone disease.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {2567-2575},
doi = {10.1681/ASN.2005121309},
pmid = {16855017},
issn = {1046-6673},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Creatinine/urine ; Family Health ; Female ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*epidemiology/urine ; Hypertension/epidemiology/*genetics ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Ontario/epidemiology ; Sodium/urine ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {Increased urinary calcium excretion commonly is found in patients with hypertension and kidney stone disease (KSD). This study investigated the aggregation of hypertension and KSD in families of patients with KSD and hypercalciuria and explored whether obesity, excessive weight gain, and diabetes, commonly related conditions, also aggregate in these families. Consecutive patients with KSD, aged 18 to 50 yr, were recruited from a population-based Kidney Stone Center, and a 24-h urine sample was collected. The first-degree relatives of eligible patients (n = 333) and their spouse were interviewed by telephone to collect demographic and health information. Familial aggregation was assessed using generalized estimating equations. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (OR) revealed significant associations between hypercalciuria in patients and hypertension (OR 2.9; 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 6.2) and KSD (OR 1.9; 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 3.5) in first-degree relatives, specifically in siblings. No significant associations were found in parents or spouses or in patients with hyperuricosuria. Similarly, no aggregation with other conditions was observed. In an independent study of siblings of hypercalciuric patients with KSD, the adjusted mean fasting urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in the hypertensive siblings compared with normotensive siblings (0.60 +/- 0.32 versus 0.46 +/- 0.28 mmol/mmol; P < 0.05), and both sibling groups had significantly higher values than the unselected study participants (P < 0.001). Urinary sodium/creatinine and uric acid/creatinine ratios were not different among the groups. Although an environmental effect cannot be excluded fully, our findings suggest that the disturbance in calcium metabolism in hypertension and KSD has a genetic basis.},
}
@article {pmid16834669,
year = {2006},
author = {Shin, JI and Park, JM and Lee, JS and Han, SW and Kim, MJ},
title = {Superimposition of nutcracker syndrome in a hematuric child with idiopathic hypercalciuria and urolithiasis.},
journal = {International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {814-816},
doi = {10.1111/j.1442-2042.2006.01411.x},
pmid = {16834669},
issn = {0919-8172},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*diagnostic imaging/urine ; Child ; Female ; Hematuria/*diagnostic imaging/urine ; Humans ; Kidney/*blood supply/diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Diseases/*diagnostic imaging/urine ; Syndrome ; *Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods ; },
abstract = {We report a 5-year-old girl with idiopathic hypercalciuria who developed gross hematuria and left flank pain despite normalization of calciuria, a renal stone, and microscopic hematuria. She was found to have nutcracker syndrome by renal Doppler ultrasound, which revealed the significant differences of the peak blood flow velocities in the two portions of the left renal vein.},
}
@article {pmid16819644,
year = {2006},
author = {Korkes, F and Segal, AB and Heilberg, IP and Cattini, H and Kessler, C and Santili, C},
title = {Immobilization and hypercalciuria in children.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {1157-1160},
pmid = {16819644},
issn = {0931-041X},
mesh = {Child ; Female ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital/therapy ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*epidemiology/*etiology ; Immobilization/*adverse effects ; Infant ; Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease/therapy ; Male ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Intermediate-term immobilization may lead to an increase in serum and urinary calcium. In order to test this hypothesis, we evaluated 46 children, 21 with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCP; 7.2+/-1.8 years old) and 25 with developmental dysplasia of the hip joint (DDH; 10+/-5 months of age), submitted to immobilization for up to 16 weeks. These two conditions require intermediate-term immobilization as treatment modality, and no studies evaluating calcium metabolism in these groups of patients have been conducted. In LCP patients, blood and 24-h urine samples were obtained before the beginning of treatment and after 1, 6, 8, 14 and 16 weeks of immobilization, while in DDH patients, blood and spot urine samples were collected before treatment and after 6 and 14 weeks of treatment. Urinary calcium, creatinine, potassium and sodium as well as serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase were determined in those samples. Renal ultrasound was performed before and after treatment. A mean increase of 2.3 times baseline values of urinary calcium was observed in 40% of previously normocalciuric LCP patients after only 1 week of immobilization. Among the DDH children, who had never previously ambulated, there was no significant variation in the urinary calcium excretion. None of the serum parameters changed in either group throughout the study. Urinary stones were not evidenced by renal ultrasound. Therefore, the present data suggested that intermediate-term immobilization led to a transient increase in urinary calcium in 40% of LCP patients. Complications such as urinary stones were not observed. In conclusion, this modality of treatment does not impose an increased risk of urinary stone formation in LCP and DDH patients.},
}
@article {pmid16775454,
year = {2006},
author = {Heilberg, IP and Weisinger, JR},
title = {Bone disease in idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {394-402},
doi = {10.1097/01.mnh.0000232880.58340.0c},
pmid = {16775454},
issn = {1062-4821},
mesh = {*Bone Density ; *Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology/metabolism/pathology/therapy ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Female ; *Fractures, Bone/etiology/metabolism/pathology/therapy ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi/complications/metabolism/pathology/therapy ; Male ; Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Decreased bone mineral density and increased prevalence of bone fractures have been found in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent published evidence that supports a potential role of the bone, and its link to the kidney and intestine, in the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria. The effects of hypercalciuria on bone and the implications for treatment are also reviewed.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Evidence suggests that the incidence of a first fracture in kidney stone patients is fourfold higher than the control population. Support for the role of bone in the pathophysiology of hypercalciuria has been corroborated. New studies have detailed the effects of several cytokines - increased number and sensitivity of vitamin D receptors, and increased acid production - upon the bone acting cells. Similarly, recent clinical and experimental studies have suggested that genetic factors confer a predisposition to the formation of renal calcium stones and bone demineralization.<br><br>SUMMARY: Whether hypercalciuria is the result of a primary bone disorder, a consequence of a persisting negative calcium balance or a combination of both still remains to be determined. Nevertheless, bone status must be evaluated and followed up in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid16775452,
year = {2006},
author = {Bai, S and Favus, MJ},
title = {Vitamin D and calcium receptors: links to hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {381-385},
doi = {10.1097/01.mnh.0000232878.50716.26},
pmid = {16775452},
issn = {1062-4821},
support = {1P01 DK56788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Biological Transport/genetics ; Calcitriol/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/deficiency/*metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/genetics/*metabolism ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Rats ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/genetics/*metabolism ; TRPV Cation Channels/deficiency/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In idiopathic hypercalciuria, patients have increased intestinal Ca absorption and decreased renal Ca reabsorption, with either elevated or normal serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. As 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D exerts its biologic effects through interactions with the vitamin D receptor, we examine the actions of this receptor and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in animals with genetic hypercalciuria.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: In genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats intestinal calcium transport is increased and renal calcium reabsorption is reduced, yet serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels are normal. Elevated intestinal and kidney vitamin D receptors suggest that increased tissue 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-vitamin D receptor complexes enhance 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D actions on intestine and kidney, and vitamin D-dependent over-expression of renal calcium-sensing receptor alone can decrease tubule calcium reabsorption. In TRPV5-knockout mice, ablation of the renal calcium-influx channel decreases tubular calcium reabsorption, and secondary elevations in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D increase intestinal calcium transport.<br><br>SUMMARY: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D or vitamin D receptor may change intestinal and renal epithelial calcium transport simultaneously or calcium-transport changes across renal epithelia may be primary with a vitamin D-mediated secondary increase in intestinal transport. The extent of homology between the animal models and human idiopathic hypercalciuria remains to be determined.},
}
@article {pmid16716792,
year = {2006},
author = {Nicoletta, JA and Lande, MB},
title = {Medical evaluation and treatment of urolithiasis.},
journal = {Pediatric clinics of North America},
volume = {53},
number = {3},
pages = {479-91, vii},
doi = {10.1016/j.pcl.2006.03.001},
pmid = {16716792},
issn = {0031-3955},
support = {5 K23 HL080068-02/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/diagnosis/therapy/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cystinuria/complications/diagnosis/therapy/urine ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/complications/diagnosis/therapy/urine ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Metabolic Diseases/complications/diagnosis/therapy/urine ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinalysis/methods ; Urinary Calculi/*diagnosis/etiology/*therapy ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis is responsible for 1 in 1000 to 1 in 7600 pediatric hospital admissions annually throughout the United States. Seventy-five percent of children with nephrolithiasis have an identifiable predisposition to stone formation. This article reviews the different causes and disease states associated with nephrolithiasis in the pediatric population. The initial evaluation and the metabolic evaluation of children with nephrolithiasis are reviewed. Treatment modalities for the different stone types are also described.},
}
@article {pmid16611718,
year = {2006},
author = {Hoopes, RR and Middleton, FA and Sen, S and Hueber, PA and Reid, R and Bushinsky, DA and Scheinman, SJ},
title = {Isolation and confirmation of a calcium excretion quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming congenic rats.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {1292-1304},
doi = {10.1681/ASN.2005080828},
pmid = {16611718},
issn = {1046-6673},
support = {R01 DK075462/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK57716/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK56788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Animals, Congenic ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics ; Hypercalcemia/*genetics/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait Loci/*genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria is the most common risk factor for kidney stones and has a substantial genetic component. The genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rat model displays complex changes in physiology involving intestine, bone, and kidney and overexpression of the vitamin D receptor, thereby reproducing the human phenotype of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Through quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of rats that were bred from GHS female rats and normocalciuric Wistar Kyoto (WKY) male rats, loci that are linked to hypercalciuria and account for a 6 to eight-fold phenotypic difference between the GHS and WKY progenitors were mapped. GHS x WKY rats were backcrossed to breed for congenic rats with the chromosome 1 QTL HC1 on a normocalciuric WKY background. Ten generations of backcrosses produced N10F1 rats, which were intercrossed to produce rats that were homozygous for GHS loci in the HC1 region between markers D1Mit2 and D1Mit32. On a high-calcium diet (1.2% calcium), significantly different levels of calcium excretion were found between male congenic (1.67 +/- 0.71 mg/24 h) and male WKY control rats (0.78 +/- 0.19 mg/24 h) and between female congenic (3.11 +/- 0.90 mg/24 h) and female WKY controls (2.11 +/- 0.50 mg/24 h); the congenics preserve the calcium excretion phenotype of the GHS parent strain. Microarray expression analyses of the congenic rats, compared with WKY rats, showed that of the top 100 most changed genes, twice as many as were statistically expected mapped to chromosome 1. Of these, there is a clear bias in gene expression change for genes in the region of the HC1. Of >1100 gene groups analyzed, one third of the 50 most differentially expressed gene groups have direct or secondary action on calcium metabolism or transport. This is the first QTL for hypercalciuria to be isolated in a congenic animal.},
}
@article {pmid16526260,
year = {2005},
author = {Skodrić-Trifunović, V and Vucinić-Mihailović, V},
title = {[The role of vitamin D in the formation of granuloma and in calcium metabolism].},
journal = {Medicinski pregled},
volume = {58 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {17-20},
pmid = {16526260},
issn = {0025-8105},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Granuloma/etiology/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Sarcoidosis/complications/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Vitamin D/*physiology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Affection of the abdominal organs with sarcoidosis is a part of the generalized granulomatous diseases with clinical manifestations that vary depending on the affected organ.<br><br>Formation of granuloma represents a response of the host immune system to different antigen stimuli and it represents an attempt of the host to block the endogenous or exogenous irritant. The active form of vitamin D-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D (1,25-D) has an important function in formation of granuloma.<br><br>HEPATOMEGALY AND SPLENOMEGALY: As for the abdominal region, sarcoidosis is most frequently clinically manifested by liver and/or spleen enlargement (20-30% of the affected patients). However, granulomatous infiltrations may also be present along with normal sized organs. Other abdominal localizations are significantly less frequent.<br><br>Calcium metabolism disorder represents a significant problem in patients affected with sarcoidosis, particularly in extrapulmonary, chronic forms of the disease. It develops as a result of complex metabolic processes consequential to increased level of 1,25-D and it is considered to be a parameter of granuloma activity (physiological blood value is up to 45 pq/ml). An increased level of provitamin D initiates osteoclast activity that causes bone resorption, which represents a factor of osteoporosis that results in hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria.<br><br>Increased calcium release into blood results in production of calcium deposits in the soft tissues and certain organs and thus calculosis develops. It is clinically most frequently manifested as renal calculosis, which is approximately 20 times more frequent in patients affected with sarcoidosis in comparison to general population.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Examinations of abdominal organ involvement should be a standard procedure in each patient affected with sarcoidosis.},
}
@article {pmid16523966,
year = {2006},
author = {Yamaguchi, S and Osanai, H},
title = {[Urinary stone disease indicating genetic background].},
journal = {Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {64 Suppl 2},
number = {},
pages = {623-626},
pmid = {16523966},
issn = {0047-1852},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/genetics ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Chloride Channels/genetics ; Cystinuria/genetics ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria, Primary/genetics ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/deficiency ; Mutation ; Organic Anion Transporters/genetics ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Proteinuria/genetics ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/genetics ; Purines/metabolism ; Transaminases/genetics ; Uric Acid/blood ; Urinary Calculi/*genetics ; },
}
@article {pmid16515769,
year = {2006},
author = {Liebman, SE and Taylor, JG and Bushinsky, DA},
title = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Current rheumatology reports},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {70-75},
pmid = {16515769},
issn = {1523-3774},
support = {R01 DK075462/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria/*complications/etiology/therapy ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Nephrolithiasis/*complications/etiology/therapy ; },
abstract = {Hypercalcuria is the most common metabolic disorder found in patients with nephrolithiasis. As the prevalence of kidney stones rises in industrialized nations, understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of hypercalciuria becomes increasingly important. Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH), defined as an excess urine calcium excretion without an apparent underlying etiology, is the most frequent cause of hypercalciuria and will be the focus of this paper. Calcium homeostasis is tightly controlled and slight disturbances in transport at the level of the intestine, bone, and/or kidney can lead to excessive urine calcium excretion and promote stone formation. IH is a systemic disorder with dysregulation of calcium transport at a combination of these calcium regulatory sites. The goal of treatment is to prevent stone formation and relies on a combination of dietary and pharmaceutical interventions. Dietary management includes increasing fluid intake, salt restriction, animal protein restriction, and maintaining a normal calcium intake. Thiazide diuretics have proven effective in preventing calcium stone formation by reducing the urinary excretion of calcium. It is important to note that while decreasing urinary calcium excretion is important the clinician should focus primarily on reducing the supersaturation of calcium oxalate as this determines the true tendency for stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid16456694,
year = {2006},
author = {Robertson, WG},
title = {Is prevention of stone recurrence financially worthwhile?.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {157-161},
pmid = {16456694},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cellulose/analogs &amp; derivatives/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Disease Management ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi/economics/prevention &amp; control/therapy ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {This review shows that the cost of relying solely on minimally-invasive urological procedures for removing stones when patients return with recurrent stones is considerable and is significantly greater that that incurred by screening already proven recurrent stone-formers to identify the risk factors that are causing their stones and then instituting prophylactic measures to prevent stone recurrence. In the UK, at 1998 prices (when the original survey was carried out) for every stone episode prevented, there is a potential saving of almost 2,000 pound to the local Health Authority concerned. In spite of this, many Health Authorities have taken the liberty to discontinue comprehensive stone screening within the past 20 years under the mistaken supposition that minimally-invasive techniques for removing stones have "solved the stone problem". At UCLH in London where such a comprehensive scheme has been in place for the past 8 years, savings of up to 250,000 pound per year can be made by identifying the particular lifestyle as well as the epidemiological, metabolic and nutritional risk factors involved in a given patient and then instituting appropriate measures to prevent further stones.},
}
@article {pmid16452054,
year = {2006},
author = {Osther, PJ},
title = {Effect of acute acid loading on acid-base and calcium metabolism.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {40},
number = {1},
pages = {35-44},
doi = {10.1080/00365590500368344},
pmid = {16452054},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {*Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Ammonium Chloride/*administration &amp; dosage ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cross-Over Studies ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/*chemistry/*drug therapy ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Probability ; Reference Values ; Risk Assessment ; Severity of Illness Index ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acid-base and calcium metabolic responses to acute non-carbonic acid loading in idiopathic calcium stone-formers and healthy males using a quantitative organ physiological approach.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five-h ammonium chloride loading studies were performed in 12 male recurrent idiopathic calcium stone-formers and 12 matched healthy men using a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Arterialized capillary blood, serum and urine were collected hourly for measurement of electrolytes, ionized calcium, magnesium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone and acid-base status. Concentrations of non-metabolizable base (NB) and acid (NA) were calculated from measured concentrations of non-metabolizable ions.<br><br>RESULTS: The extracellular acid-base status in the stone-formers during basal conditions and acid loading was comparable to the levels in the healthy controls. The stone-formers tended to have lower renal excretion rates of NA during acid loading; however, for a given degree of non-carbonic acidosis, controls and stone-formers excreted approximately the same amount of NA in the urine, suggesting that the capacity of tubular regeneration of NB was comparable in the two groups. Acid loading resulted in significantly increased concentrations of ionized calcium in serum in both controls and stone-formers. The increase in serum ionized calcium in response to acid loading was, however, significantly higher in the calcium stone-formers than in the healthy individuals. Acid loading resulted in massive calciuria in both groups, with significantly higher urinary calcium excretion rates in the stone-formers compared to the healthy subjects. Renal excretion rates of NA correlated significantly with renal calcium excretion rates in both groups. However, the stone-formers excreted significantly more calcium in the urine at a given rate of renal NA excretion.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The hypercalciuric and hypercalcaemic responses to loading with non-carbonic acid are more pronounced in recurrent idiopathic calcium stone-formers than in healthy individuals. Acid loading (i.e. protein ingestion) may contribute to disturbed bone metabolism in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis as well as calcium stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid16437224,
year = {2006},
author = {Kavanagh, JP},
title = {Supersaturation and renal precipitation: the key to stone formation?.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {81-85},
pmid = {16437224},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chemical Precipitation ; Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Solubility ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*etiology/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid16361942,
year = {2006},
author = {Goracke-Postle, CJ and Nguyen, HO and Stone, LS and Fairbanks, CA},
title = {Release of tritiated agmatine from spinal synaptosomes.},
journal = {Neuroreport},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {13-17},
doi = {10.1097/01.wnr.0000192739.38653.aa},
pmid = {16361942},
issn = {0959-4965},
support = {K01 DA-00509/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; R21 DA-15387/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; T32DA007097/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Agmatine/*pharmacokinetics/pharmacology ; Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; D-Aspartic Acid/pharmacokinetics ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Immunohistochemistry/methods ; Male ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Rats ; Spinal Cord/*cytology/drug effects ; Synaptophysin/metabolism ; Synaptosomes/drug effects/*metabolism ; Synaptotagmins/metabolism ; Temperature ; Time Factors ; Tritium/*pharmacokinetics ; },
abstract = {Intrathecal agmatine (decarboxylated arginine) moderates induction of neuropathic pain, spinal cord injury, and opioid tolerance in rodents. An endogenous central nervous system molecule and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist/nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, agmatine may be a neuromodulator. We evaluated depolarization-induced release of agmatine from purified spinal nerve terminals (synaptosomes). Agmatine immunoreactivity was observed colocalized or closely apposed to some synaptophysin- and/or synaptotagmin-labeled structures. A temperature- and concentration-dependent uptake of [3H]-agmatine into synaptosomes was observed, consistent with an uptake mechanism. Potassium-induced depolarization resulted in release of [3H]-agmatine from the synaptosomes in a Ca2+-dependent manner, consistent with a neuromodulatory function. These results agree with previous reports of agmatine uptake into synaptosomes of the brain and extend those results to include stimulated release and a spinal site of activity.},
}
@article {pmid16164640,
year = {2005},
author = {Borges, FT and Michelacci, YM and Aguiar, JA and Dalboni, MA and Garófalo, AS and Schor, N},
title = {Characterization of glycosaminoglycans in tubular epithelial cells: calcium oxalate and oxalate ions effects.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {68},
number = {4},
pages = {1630-1642},
doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00577.x},
pmid = {16164640},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/chemistry/*toxicity ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Crystallization ; Dogs ; Durapatite/chemistry/toxicity ; Endocytosis ; Formates/chemistry/toxicity ; Glycosaminoglycans/biosynthesis/*metabolism ; Ionophores/pharmacology ; Ions/toxicity ; Kidney Tubules, Distal/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; LLC-PK1 Cells ; Necrosis ; Oxalates/chemistry/toxicity ; Sulfates/pharmacokinetics ; Sulfur Radioisotopes ; Swine ; Thapsigargin/pharmacology ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*metabolism/pathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The interaction between tubular epithelial cells and calcium oxalate crystals or oxalate ions is a very precarious event in the lithogenesis. Urine contains ions, glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans that inhibit the crystallization process and may protect the kidney against lithogenesis. We examined the effect of oxalate ions and calcium oxalate crystals upon the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in distal [Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK)] and proximal (LLC-PK1) tubular cell lines.<br><br>METHODS: Glycosaminoglycan synthesis was analyzed by metabolic labeling with (35)S-sulfate and enzymatic digestion with specific mucopolysaccharidases. Cell death was assessed by fluorescent dyes and crystal endocytosis was analised by flow cytometry.<br><br>RESULTS: The main glycosaminoglycans synthesized by both cells were chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate most of them secreted to the culture medium or present at cellular surface. Exposition of MDCK cells to oxalate ions increased apoptosis rate and the incorporation of (35)S-sulfate in chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, while calcium oxalate crystals were endocyted by LLC-PK1, induced necrotic cell death, and increased (35)S-sulfate incorporation in glycosaminoglycans. These effects seem to be specific and due to increased biosynthesis, since hydroxyapatite and other carboxylic acid did not induced cellular death or glycosaminoglycan synthesis and no changes in sulfation degree or molecular weight of glycosaminoglycans could be detected. Thapsigargin inhibited the glycosaminoglycan synthesis induced by calcium oxalate in LLC-PK1, suggesting that this effect was sensitive to the increase in cytosolic calcium.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Tubular cells may increase the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans to protect from the toxic insult of calcium oxalate crystals and oxalate ions, what could partially limit the lithogenesis.},
}
@article {pmid16123560,
year = {2005},
author = {Baggio, B and Budakovic, A},
title = {Fatty acids and idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {75},
number = {2},
pages = {97-101},
doi = {10.1159/000087161},
pmid = {16123560},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications/diagnosis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Risk Assessment ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {Clinical and experimental investigations seem to underline the important role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria, a well-known risk factor for lithogenesis. To evaluate the relationships between the previously reported increase in plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid level and the factors responsible for calcium metabolism in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis, a best-fit model was constructed. This new statistical application shows a causal relationship between plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid content, intestinal calcium absorption, biochemical markers of bone turnover, urinary calcium excretion and bone mineral density at the lumbar spine. This model suggests that a defect in the phospholipid fatty acid composition could represent the primary event responsible for the mosaic of metabolic and clinical alterations that are distinctive features of renal stone formers, such as kidney, intestine, and bone calcium metabolism, and several forms of idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid16088653,
year = {2002},
author = {Sharma, OP and Vucinić, V},
title = {Sarcoidosis of the thyroid and kidneys and calcium metabolism.},
journal = {Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {6},
pages = {579-588},
doi = {10.1055/s-2002-36521},
pmid = {16088653},
issn = {1069-3424},
abstract = {In sarcoidosis, the thyroid and the kidneys are infrequently affected. Clinically recognizable thyroid involvement occurs in < 1% of sarcoidosis patients. Hyperthyroidism, myxodema, and thyroid occur with an equal frequency. It is important to distinguish sarcoidosis of the thyroid from other infections and disorders of the gland. Renal involvement may present as granulomatous infiltration of the renal parenchyma, glomerulonephritis, renal arteritis, and nephrocalcinosis or renal stones. The latter are due to abnormalities of calcium metabolism. Hypercalcemia occurs in about 10 to 13% of sarcoidosis patients; hypercalciuria is three times more frequent. Calcium abnormalities may precede, follow, or occur at any time during the course of sarcoidosis. An endogenous overproduction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH (2))-D (3)] by granulomatous tissue and activated macrophages results in an increase of intestinal absorption of calcium. Corticosteriods, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine subdue 1,25-(OH (2))-D (3) production and correct hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid16078084,
year = {2005},
author = {Trinchieri, A},
title = {Bone mineral content in calcium renal stone formers.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {33},
number = {4},
pages = {247-253},
pmid = {16078084},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Animals ; *Bone Density ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Proteins/administration &amp; dosage ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic renal calcium stone disease often presents with reduced bone mineral content. Investigations using non-invasive methods for the measurement of bone mineral content (single and dual-photon absorptiometry, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomodensitometry) show a slight decrease in skeletal mineral content of idiopathic renal stone formers (RSFs). The alterations in bone mineral content in RSFs have different explanations: prostaglandin-mediated bone resorption, subtle metabolic acidosis and 1-25 vitamin D disorders. Bone mineral content is worsened by insufficient dietary calcium leading to a negative calcium balance.},
}
@article {pmid16077235,
year = {2005},
author = {Davidson, MT and Batchelar, DL and Velupillai, S and Denstedt, JD and Cunningham, IA},
title = {Laboratory coherent-scatter analysis of intact urinary stones with crystalline composition: a tomographic approach.},
journal = {Physics in medicine and biology},
volume = {50},
number = {16},
pages = {3907-3925},
doi = {10.1088/0031-9155/50/16/017},
pmid = {16077235},
issn = {0031-9155},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/chemistry ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*pathology ; Lithotripsy/methods ; Models, Statistical ; Models, Theoretical ; *Scattering, Radiation ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*pathology ; X-Rays ; },
abstract = {Knowledge of urinary stone composition and structure provides important insights in guiding treatment and preventing recurrence. No current method can successfully provide information relating structure and composition of intact stones. We are developing a tomographic technique that uses measures of coherently scattered diagnostic x-rays to yield stone composition. Coherent-scatter (CS) properties depend on molecular structure and are, therefore, sensitive to material composition. Powdered, amorphous or polycrystalline materials with no significant orientation produce circularly symmetric CS patterns. However, in materials with preferred crystallite orientation, like urinary stones, bright spots in CS patterns are observed. This compromises a composition analysis based on comparing CS measurements from calculi to a library of CS signatures from powdered chemicals. We show that a computed tomographic reconstruction of CS measurements using filtered backprojection (CSCT) effectively eliminates bright spots and yields CS patterns equivalent to powdered materials. This allows for direct comparison with a powdered chemical reference library to establish composition. Validation is achieved through a tomographic CS analysis of an aluminium (Al) rod phantom. Much like calculi, CS patterns from a solid polycrystalline Al rod exhibit diffraction spots, absent in the ring-like Al powder CS pattern. We show that the reconstructed Al CS cross-section is equivalent to its powdered counterpart and results in clearly defined composition images. The potential of CSCT to identify stone composition is demonstrated through images of intact stones deemed chemically pure by infrared spectroscopy. Computed tomographic reconstruction of CS signals allowed the generation of composition maps, showing the distribution of stone components. These images provide strong evidence that current laboratory techniques risk missing critical stone components due to inadequate sampling. This is of particular importance since follow-up treatments are based on these composition analyses. CS analysis can distinguish common stone components and can provide topographic composition maps of intact stones. Such details offer invaluable clinical information regarding stone formation, treatment and follow-up, and thus support the development of CS analysis as a laboratory stone analysis technique.},
}
@article {pmid16047226,
year = {2005},
author = {Biyikli, NK and Alpay, H and Guran, T},
title = {Hypercalciuria and recurrent urinary tract infections: incidence and symptoms in children over 5 years of age.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {20},
number = {10},
pages = {1435-1438},
pmid = {16047226},
issn = {0931-041X},
mesh = {Age Distribution ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*epidemiology/etiology/urine ; Child ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Sex Distribution ; Turkey/epidemiology ; Urinary Calculi/complications/genetics ; Urinary Tract/abnormalities ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications/*epidemiology/etiology/urine ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria is an important and common risk factor in the formation of renal stones. In this study we evaluated the incidence and the clinical presentation of hypercalciuria in 75 children over 5 years of age with the diagnosis of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). We measured random urinary calcium/creatinine value (three times), 24-h urinary calcium excretion, serum calcium, phosphorus, electrolytes, blood gas, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Hypercalciuria was found in 32 patients (43%). The mean urinary calcium/creatinine ratio for hypercalciuric patients was 0.50+/-0.21 mg/mg (min: 0.24, max: 2.60). The mean urinary calcium/creatinine ratio for the rest of the study population--those without hypercalciuria--was 0.10+/-0.04 mg/mg (min: 0.01, max: 0.18). Presenting symptoms of the hypercalciuric patients and normocalciuric patients were similar. History of familial urolithiasis was positive in 19 patients (59%). Predisposing urinary tract abnormalities in recurrent UTI was shown in 12 of the hypercalciuric patients (12/32, 37.5%) and 8 of the normocalciuric patients (8/43, 19%) without a statistically significant difference between. We conclude that hypercalciuria is not a rare finding among recurrent UTI cases in Turkish children. Hypercalciuria does not modify the clinical presentation of UTI, and we suggest the investigation of urinary calcium excretion in children with recurrent UTI.},
}
@article {pmid16013013,
year = {2005},
author = {Damasio, B and Massarino, F and Durand, F and Banchero, R and Bottino, P and De Franchis, V and Carmignani, G and Cannella, G},
title = {Prevalence of fasting hypercalciuria associated with increased citraturia in the ambulatory evaluation of nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Journal of nephrology},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {262-266},
pmid = {16013013},
issn = {1121-8428},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Citrates/*urine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Fasting/urine ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diet therapy/epidemiology/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Monitoring, Ambulatory ; *Outpatients ; Prevalence ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nephrolithiasis is a common, high costing pathology of the urinary tract. The most common urinary abnormalities are fasting hypercalciuria, hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia. This study aimed to identify the principal urinary abnormalities in our patients.<br><br>METHODS: Ninety-eight patients (pts) (43 females, 55 males) with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis underwent metabolic evaluation. In two 24-hr urine collections the following parameters were evaluated: calcium, phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, citrate, oxalate, uric acid, creatinine (Cr), urea, ammonium and pH; blood measurement of calcium, phosphate, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, uric acid, Cr, urea, acid-base balance ionized calcium and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were also performed. A first morning voided urine sample was collected for measuring the urinary cross-links and fasting calciuria. The tubular threshold of phosphate (TmP) was calculated according to Walton and Bijovet. Metabolic evaluation was repeated in 63/98 pts after 7 days on a low calcium diet.<br><br>RESULTS: The most common urinary abnormalities were fasting hypercalciuria in 51/96 pts (53.1%), hypercalciuria in 33/97 pts (34%) and hypocitraturia in 29/98 pts (29%); 24/33 pts (73%) with hypercalciuria had fasting hypercalciuria. Hypercalciuria was partially corrected on the calcium-restricted diet, while fasting hypercalciuria was not. Urine citrate levels were significantly higher in patients with fasting hypercalciuria.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Fasting hypercalciuria was the most frequent urinary abnormality and it was not corrected with a calcium-restricted diet. In fasting hypercalciuric patients, increased bone resorption activity could be responsible for higher citraturia levels.},
}
@article {pmid23105553,
year = {2005},
author = {Rao, TV and Choudhary, VK},
title = {Effect of pyridoxine (Vitamin-B(6)) supplementation on calciuria and oxaluria levels of some normal healthy persons and urinary stone patients.},
journal = {Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {166-169},
pmid = {23105553},
issn = {0970-1915},
abstract = {Effect of pyridoxine (Vitamin-B(6)) supplementation on calciuria and oxaluria levels of 20 normal healthy persons and 17 urinary stone patients has been studied. Mean 24 hr urinary calcium and oxalate levels of controls (healthy persons) and stone patients were estimated in presupplementation period and at every 20 days interval during supplementation. Stone patients were divided into two groups viz., mild hyperoxaluriacs and moderate hyperoxaluriacs, based on their pre-supplementation (base line) oxaluria levels. 60 days of pyridoxine supplementation, at the rate of 10 mg/day, resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.01 for mild hyperoxaluriacs and p<0.001 for moderate hyperoxaluriacs) in mean 24 hr urinary oxalate levels of urinary stone patients. The corresponding decrement in mean oxaluria level of controls was, however, only mild. The decrease of mean calciuria level of controls as well as stone patients, upon pyridoxine supplementation, were also found to be only mild and not significant. Utility of pyridoxine therapy in oxalate urolithiasis has been discussed in the light of results.},
}
@article {pmid15948718,
year = {2005},
author = {Tsuji, H and Umekawa, T and Kurita, T and Uemura, H and Iguchi, M and Kin, K and Kushida, K},
title = {Analysis of bone mineral density in urolithiasis patients.},
journal = {International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {335-339},
doi = {10.1111/j.1442-2042.2005.01049.x},
pmid = {15948718},
issn = {0919-8172},
mesh = {Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Age Factors ; *Bone Density ; Calcium/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/*metabolism ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The association between hypercalciuria and bone mineral density (BMD) has been already recognized. The aim of the present study is to relate BMD to age and sex and to evaluate the calcium metabolism and hypercalciuria-defined dietary or non-dietary category in patients with urolithiasis.<br><br>METHODS: The BMI of the L2-L4 lumbar vertebrae was measured in 310 renal stone patients (191 men and 119 women). Percent age matched score (%AMS), which is the percent ratio of measured BMD to the mean BMD of age-matched control subjects, was utilized for the appraisal of BMD. Low BMD groups were defined by lower than 90% of %AMS.<br><br>RESULTS: Low BMD was observed in 27.7% of urinary stone patients, which was not a significant difference to that of control subjects (23.5%) who were measured in the health examination. In male patients with urolithiasis, the frequency of patients in whom BMD had been apt to decrease since youth was high, but there was not a proven significant difference among the three age groups (20-39 years old, 40-59 years old and 60 years old or older). In contrast, for female stone patients, the frequency of low BMD markedly increased in patients aged 40 years or older, when menopause occurs. Furthermore, in female stone patients with hypercalciuria, the frequency of reduced BMD reached more than 40%. When the cause was non-dietary hypercalciuria (classified mainly on the daily amount of urinary calcium excretion after ingestion of calculus test diet), the frequency of reduced BMD reached 65% (P < 0.01).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In case female stone patients with non-dietary hypercalciuria become menopausal, not only the risk of recurrent lithiasis increases, but the possibility of developing osteopenia in the future also increases. Appropriate treatments for prophylactic effects on urolithiasis or osteopenia should be considered, as judged from BMD, diet, sex, urinary calcium excretion and other factors synthetically.},
}
@article {pmid15944517,
year = {2005},
author = {Chandhoke, PS},
title = {Metabolic abnormalities and the medical management of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Minerva urologica e nefrologica = The Italian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {9-16},
pmid = {15944517},
issn = {0393-2249},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism/therapy ; },
abstract = {The lifetime prevalence of urolithiasis is approximately 12% for men and 7% for women in the United States and seems to be increasing; the cost of managing kidney stones continues to escalate. The most common kidney stones continue to be composed primarily of calcium and are an admixture of phosphate and oxalate. Of these, calcium oxalate stones are the most predominant. This review will focus only on the pathogenesis and medical management of calcium oxalate stones.},
}
@article {pmid15917184,
year = {2005},
author = {Meimaridou, E and Jacobson, J and Seddon, AM and Noronha-Dutra, AA and Robertson, WG and Hothersall, JS},
title = {Crystal and microparticle effects on MDCK cell superoxide production: oxalate-specific mitochondrial membrane potential changes.},
journal = {Free radical biology &amp; medicine},
volume = {38},
number = {12},
pages = {1553-1564},
doi = {10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.02.020},
pmid = {15917184},
issn = {0891-5849},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*pharmacology ; Calcium Phosphates/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Crystallization ; Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/pharmacology ; Dogs ; Durapatite/pharmacology ; Intracellular Membranes/*drug effects ; Ion Channels/drug effects ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Membrane Potentials/*drug effects ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Mitochondria/drug effects/ultrastructure ; Nigericin/pharmacology ; Potassium-Hydrogen Antiporters/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Superoxides/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {We have previously shown that crystals of calcium oxalate (COM) elicit a superoxide (O2-) response from mitochondria. We have now investigated: (i) if other microparticles can elicit the same response, (ii) if processing of crystals is involved, and (iii) at what level of mitochondrial function oxalate acts. O2- was measured in digitonin-permeabilized MDCK cells by lucigenin (10 microM) chemiluminescence. [(14)C]-COM dissociation was examined with or without EDTA and employing alternative chelators. Whereas mitochondrial O2- in COM-treated cells was three- to fourfold enhanced compared to controls, other particulates (uric acid, zymosan, and latex beads) either did not increase O2- or were much less effective (hydroxyapatite +50%, p < 0.01), with all at 28 microg/cm(2). Free oxalate (750 microM), at the level released from COM with EDTA (1 mM), increased O2- (+50%, p < 0.01). Omitting EDTA abrogated this signal, which was restored completely by EGTA and partially by ascorbate, but not by desferrioxamine or citrate. Omission of phosphate abrogated O2-, implicating phosphate-dependent mitochondrial dicarboxylate transport. COM caused a time-related increase in the mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsi(m)) measured using TMRM fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Application of COM to Fura 2-loaded cells induced rapid, large-amplitude cytosolic Ca(2+) transients, which were inhibited by thapsigargin, indicating that COM induces release of Ca(2+) from internal stores. Thus, COM-induced mitochondrial O2- requires the release of free oxalate and contributes to a synergistic response. Intracellular dissociation of COM and the mitochondrial dicarboxylate transporter are important in O2- production, which is probably regulated by deltapsi(m).},
}
@article {pmid15899849,
year = {2005},
author = {Roose, JP and Mollenauer, M and Gupta, VA and Stone, J and Weiss, A},
title = {A diacylglycerol-protein kinase C-RasGRP1 pathway directs Ras activation upon antigen receptor stimulation of T cells.},
journal = {Molecular and cellular biology},
volume = {25},
number = {11},
pages = {4426-4441},
pmid = {15899849},
issn = {0270-7306},
support = {R01 CA072531/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Acetophenones/pharmacology ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism ; Benzopyrans/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Diglycerides/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Isoenzymes/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/*metabolism ; Jurkat Cells ; Lectins, C-Type ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/*metabolism ; Protein Kinase C-theta ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*enzymology/immunology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; ras Proteins/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Ras GTPases are on/off switches regulating numerous cellular responses by signaling to various effector molecules. In T lymphocytes, Ras can be activated by two Ras exchange factors, SOS and RasGRP1, which are recruited through the adapters Grb2 and LAT and via the second-messenger diacylglycerol (DAG), respectively. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation patterns induced by active Ras can vary and contribute to distinct cellular responses. The different consequences of Ras activation by either guanine exchange factor are unknown. DAG also recruits and activates the kinase protein kinase Ctheta (PKCtheta) turning on the Erk MAP kinase pathway, but the biochemical mechanism responsible is unclear. We generated T-cell clones deficient in phorbol myristate acetate (a surrogate for DAG)-induced Ras activation. Analysis of a RasGRP1-deficient Jurkat T-cell clone and RasGRP1 RNA interference in wild-type cells revealed that RasGRP1 is required for optimal, antigen receptor-triggered Ras-Erk activation. RasGRP1 relies on its DAG-binding domain to selectively activate Erk kinases. Activation of Erk correlates with the phosphorylation of threonine residue 184 in RasGRP1. This phosphorylation event requires the activities of novel PKC kinases. Conversely, active PKCtheta depends on RasGRP1 sufficiency to effectively trigger downstream events. Last, DAG-PKC-RasGRP1-driven Ras-Erk activation in T cells is a unique signaling event, not simply compensated for by SOS activity.},
}
@article {pmid15857904,
year = {2005},
author = {Reigada, D and Lu, W and Zhang, X and Friedman, C and Pendrak, K and McGlinn, A and Stone, RA and Laties, AM and Mitchell, CH},
title = {Degradation of extracellular ATP by the retinal pigment epithelium.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Cell physiology},
volume = {289},
number = {3},
pages = {C617-24},
doi = {10.1152/ajpcell.00542.2004},
pmid = {15857904},
issn = {0363-6143},
support = {EY-001583/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; EY-07354/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 EY-013434/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; EY-10009/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 EY013434-04/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adenosine Diphosphate/pharmacology ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/genetics/metabolism ; Apyrase/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Signaling/physiology ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Multienzyme Complexes/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/genetics/metabolism ; Phosphodiesterase I ; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/genetics/*metabolism ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/cytology/*enzymology ; Purines/metabolism ; Pyrophosphatases/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y1 ; Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; },
abstract = {Stimulation of ATP or adenosine receptors causes important physiological changes in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that may influence their relationship to the adjacent photoreceptors. While RPE cells have been shown to release ATP, the regulation of extracellular ATP levels and the production of dephosphorylated purines is not clear. This study examined the degradation of ATP by RPE cells and the physiological effects of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) that result. ATP was readily broken down by both cultured human ARPE-19 cells and the apical membrane of fresh bovine RPE cells. The compounds ARL67156 and betagamma-mATP inhibited this degradation in both cell types. RT-PCR analysis of ARPE-19 cells found mRNA message for multiple extracellular degradative enzymes; ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase eNPP1, eNPP2, and eNPP3; the ectoATPase ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase NTPDase2, NTPDase3, and some message for NTPDase1. Considerable levels of ADP bathed RPE cells, consistent with a role for NTPDase2. ADP and ATP increased levels of intracellular Ca(2+). Both responses were inhibited by thapsigargin and P2Y(1) receptor inhibitor MRS 2179. Message for both P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) receptors was detected in ARPE-19 cells. These results suggest that extracellular degradation of ATP in subretinal space can result in the production of ADP. This ADP can stimulate P2Y receptors and augment Ca(2+) signaling in the RPE.},
}
@article {pmid15844385,
year = {2005},
author = {Srivastava, T and Alon, US},
title = {Urolithiasis in adolescent children.},
journal = {Adolescent medicine clinics},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {87-109},
doi = {10.1016/j.admecli.2004.10.003},
pmid = {15844385},
issn = {1547-3368},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cystinuria/physiopathology/therapy ; Food ; Humans ; Uric Acid/blood/urine ; Urinary Calculi/*diagnosis/physiopathology/prevention &amp; control/surgery ; Xanthine/urine ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic urolithiasis in children has become more frequent in the past few decades as a result of increasing affluence and rapid change in our society's dietary habits. In Western societies, calcium stones in the kidney and ureter predominate. Pediatric urolithiases, unlike the adult form, require a comprehensive metabolic evaluation, because metabolic and enzymatic derangements play an important role in their pathogenesis. The recent advancements in endoscopic procedures, interventional radiology, and lithotripsy have allowed children to be managed effectively without open surgery. Pediatric urolithiasis requires a close working relationship between the urologist for acute surgical management of urolithiasis and the nephrologists for prevention of stone formation. In many children and adolescents with urolithiasis, a nonpharmacologic approach involving the adoption of healthy nutrition habits may suffice.},
}
@article {pmid15840731,
year = {2005},
author = {Ceylan, K and Topal, C and Erkoc, R and Sayarlioglu, H and Can, S and Yilmaz, Y and Dogan, E and Algun, E and Gonulalan, H},
title = {Effect of indapamide on urinary calcium excretion in patients with and without urinary stone disease.},
journal = {The Annals of pharmacotherapy},
volume = {39},
number = {6},
pages = {1034-1038},
doi = {10.1345/aph.1E544},
pmid = {15840731},
issn = {1060-0280},
mesh = {Adult ; Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/urine ; Creatinine/urine ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Dizziness/chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy/physiopathology/urine ; Indapamide/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Selection ; Potassium/blood ; Tinnitus/chemically induced ; Treatment Outcome ; Triglycerides/blood ; Uric Acid/blood ; Urinary Calculi/diagnosis/*drug therapy/urine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Indapamide is an antihypertensive agent similar to thiazides, but with some different effects. Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics are useful in preventing recurrent urinary stone formation due to their hypocalciuric effects.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To determine the hypocalciuric and other effects on certain laboratory parameters of indapamide 1.5 mg in different patient groups.<br><br>METHODS: Four groups of patients recruited from urology and nephrology outpatient departments were experiencing non-hypercalciuric urinary stone disease (group 1), idiopathic hypercalciuria (group 2), urinary stone disease with hypercalciuria (group 3), and essential hypertension (group 4). In all patients, fasting serum uric acid, calcium, sodium, potassium, cholesterol, triglyceride, parathyroid hormone (PTH) values, and morning second-spot urine calcium and creatinine levels were assessed before and 8 weeks after treatment with indapamide.<br><br>RESULTS: Urinary calcium excretion was reduced significantly in all groups: group 1 from 0.10 +/- 0.02 to 0.07 +/- 0.03 (mean +/-SD; 30% reduction; p < 0.001), group 2 from 0.30 +/- 0.15 to 0.15 +/- 0.10 (50% reduction; p < 0.001), group 3 from 0.35 +/- 0.15 to 0.20 +/- 0.10 (43% reduction; p < 0.001), and group 4 from 0.10 +/- 0.03 to 0.08 +/- 0.02 (20% reduction; p < 0.0010). These results should be interpreted with caution since no control group was included in this study. Mean serum uric acid and triglyceride levels were significantly increased, and mean PTH and potassium levels and diastolic and systolic blood pressure were significantly decreased in all groups. Few temporary adverse effects, such as dizziness and fatigue, were noticed and none of them caused discontinuation of treatment.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Indapamide 1.5 mg/day is effective in decreasing calciuria in patients with non-hypercalciuric urinary stone disease, idiopathic hypercalciuria, urinary stone disease with hypercalciuria, and essential hypertension. This could be achieved with few adverse effects similar to those of thiazides and indapamide 2.5 mg. Indapamide decreased the PTH levels in all groups. Long-term clinical benefits of these effects should be evaluated prospectively with further randomized studies.},
}
@article {pmid15826946,
year = {2005},
author = {Blumenschein, TM and Stone, DB and Fletterick, RJ and Mendelson, RA and Sykes, BD},
title = {Calcium-dependent changes in the flexibility of the regulatory domain of troponin C in the troponin complex.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {280},
number = {23},
pages = {21924-21932},
doi = {10.1074/jbc.M500574200},
pmid = {15826946},
issn = {0021-9258},
support = {AR 45659/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Anisotropy ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chickens ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Egtazic Acid/chemistry ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Magnesium/chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Models, Statistical ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Time Factors ; Troponin/chemistry ; Troponin C/*chemistry/metabolism ; },
abstract = {With the recent advances in structure determination of the troponin complex, it becomes even more important to understand the dynamics of its components and how they are affected by the presence or absence of Ca(2+). We used NMR techniques to study the backbone dynamics of skeletal troponin C (TnC) in the complex. Transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy pulse sequences and deuteration of TnC were essential to assign most of the TnC residues in the complex. Backbone amide (15)N relaxation times were measured in the presence of Ca(2+) or EGTA/Mg(2+). T(1) relaxation times could not be interpreted precisely, because for a molecule of this size, the longitudinal backbone amide (15)N relaxation rate due to chemical shift anisotropy and dipole-dipole interactions becomes too small, and other relaxation mechanisms become relevant. T(2) relaxation times were of the expected magnitude for a complex of this size, and most of the variation of T(2) times in the presence of Ca(2+) could be explained by the anisotropy of the complex, suggesting a relatively rigid molecule. The only exception was EF-hand site III and helix F immediately after, which are more flexible than the rest of the molecule. In the presence of EGTA/Mg(2+), relaxation times for residues in the C-domain of TnC are very similar to values in the presence of Ca(2+), whereas the N-domain becomes more flexible. Taken together with the high flexibility of the linker between the two domains, we concluded that in the absence of Ca(2+), the N-domain of TnC moves independently from the rest of the complex.},
}
@article {pmid15812202,
year = {2005},
author = {Dal Moro, F and Mancini, M and Tavolini, IM and De Marco, V and Bassi, P},
title = {Cellular and molecular gateways to urolithiasis: a new insight.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {74},
number = {3},
pages = {193-197},
doi = {10.1159/000083547},
pmid = {15812202},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Biological Transport, Active/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Cysteine/metabolism ; Humans ; Magnesium Compounds/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Struvite ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism/*pathology ; },
abstract = {Urolithiasis is a relevant clinical problem in everyday practice with a subsequent burden for the health system. Urolithiasis is classically explained as the derangement in the process of biomineralization involving the equilibrium between promoters and inhibitors of crystallization: a deficit of one or several inhibitors or an excess of one or several promoters plays a pivotal role in the stone formation. The revolutionary introduction of the molecular biology in medicine has given a new insight in urolithiasis too. Genetic factors have also been postulated to play an important role. A review of the current knowledge on urolithiasis based upon a molecular and genetic approach is reported.},
}
@article {pmid15794272,
year = {2004},
author = {Kwapuliński, J and Ahnert, B and Bogunia, M and Bogunia, E and Nogaj, E and Kowol, J and Rutkiewicz, J},
title = {[Analysis of possible interaction between lead and calcium in gallstones from active and passive smoking and no smoking women].},
journal = {Przeglad lekarski},
volume = {61},
number = {10},
pages = {1135-1139},
pmid = {15794272},
issn = {0033-2240},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholelithiasis/metabolism ; Female ; Gallstones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lead/*metabolism ; Poland ; Smoking/*adverse effects ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*adverse effects ; },
abstract = {The problem of interaction between lead and calcium in gallstones from active and passive smoking and no smoking women living in southern Poland is presented in the work. The subject of the research were gallstones, gained intraoperatively from 93 women (24 active smoking, 18 passive smoking, 51 no smoking women). The content of lead and calcium was determined using atomic emission spectroscopy with inductive couple plasma (ICP-AES). The place of living, smoking and age play an important role in changing the lead and calcium content of gallstones.},
}
@article {pmid15784741,
year = {2005},
author = {Vinogradova, MV and Stone, DB and Malanina, GG and Karatzaferi, C and Cooke, R and Mendelson, RA and Fletterick, RJ},
title = {Ca(2+)-regulated structural changes in troponin.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {102},
number = {14},
pages = {5038-5043},
pmid = {15784741},
issn = {0027-8424},
support = {R01AR45659/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AR045659/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; P01AR42895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 GM067830/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01GM067830/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; P01 AR042895/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chickens ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Detergents ; In Vitro Techniques ; Models, Biological ; Models, Molecular ; Multiprotein Complexes ; Muscle Contraction/physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Troponin C/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Troponin T/*chemistry/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Troponin senses Ca2+ to regulate contraction in striated muscle. Structures of skeletal muscle troponin composed of TnC (the sensor), TnI (the regulator), and TnT (the link to the muscle thin filament) have been determined. The structure of troponin in the Ca(2+)-activated state features a nearly twofold symmetrical assembly of TnI and TnT subunits penetrated asymmetrically by the dumbbell-shaped TnC subunit. Ca ions are thought to regulate contraction by controlling the presentation to and withdrawal of the TnI inhibitory segment from the thin filament. Here, we show that the rigid central helix of the sensor binds the inhibitory segment of TnI in the Ca(2+)-activated state. Comparison of crystal structures of troponin in the Ca(2+)-activated state at 3.0 angstroms resolution and in the Ca(2+)-free state at 7.0 angstroms resolution shows that the long framework helices of TnI and TnT, presumed to be a Ca(2+)-independent structural domain of troponin are unchanged. Loss of Ca ions causes the rigid central helix of the sensor to collapse and to release the inhibitory segment of TnI. The inhibitory segment of TnI changes conformation from an extended loop in the presence of Ca2+ to a short alpha-helix in its absence. We also show that Anapoe, a detergent molecule, increases the contractile force of muscle fibers and binds specifically, together with the TnI switch helix, in a hydrophobic pocket of TnC upon activation by Ca ions.},
}
@article {pmid15783122,
year = {2004},
author = {Yatzidis, H},
title = {Gestational urinary hyperthiosulfaturia protects hypercalciuric normal pregnant women from nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {36},
number = {3},
pages = {445-449},
pmid = {15783122},
issn = {0301-1623},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/*urine ; Thiosulfates/*urine ; },
abstract = {Urinary calcium excretion increases by 1-2-fold during gestation in normal, uncomplicated pregnant women. Hypercalciuria occurs in all trimesters and elevates urine supersaturation with regards to calcium oxalate. However, crystalluria has not been a frequent clinical finding and stone formation is not a common complication of pregnancy. To elucidate this discrepancy we measured various chemical entities (i.e. calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phosphorous, magnesium, citrate, sulfate and thiosulfate) in urine at the end of each trimester of 25 pregnant women. Twenty-five healthy women served as controls. Our observations show that endogenous thiosulfate, a natural component of urine, increased considerably during pregnancy to approximately 36, 38 and 40 microM/24 hour at the end of each three trimesters. One month after delivery, endogenous thiosulfaturia and hypercalciuria, in parallel, returned to initial normal values. Consequently, it seems that gestational hyperthiosulfaturia protects hypercalciuric normal pregnant women from the risk of nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid15781479,
year = {2005},
author = {Watts, RW},
title = {Idiopathic urinary stone disease: possible polygenic aetiological factors.},
journal = {QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians},
volume = {98},
number = {4},
pages = {241-246},
doi = {10.1093/qjmed/hci041},
pmid = {15781479},
issn = {1460-2725},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked/genetics/metabolism ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Glycosaminoglycans/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Mucoproteins/metabolism ; Osteopontin ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Protein Precursors/metabolism ; Prothrombin/metabolism ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/metabolism ; Sialoglycoproteins/metabolism ; Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*genetics/metabolism ; Uromodulin ; Vitamin D/biosynthesis ; },
}
@article {pmid15780505,
year = {2005},
author = {McCarty, MF},
title = {Marinobufagenin may mediate the adverse impact of salty diets on renal calcium retention by impairing the efficiency of renal tubular sodium-calcium exchange.},
journal = {Medical hypotheses},
volume = {64},
number = {5},
pages = {1027-1029},
doi = {10.1016/j.mehy.2003.10.033},
pmid = {15780505},
issn = {0306-9877},
mesh = {Bufanolides/*pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Ion Transport ; Kidney Tubules/*drug effects/metabolism ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Sodium Chloride, Dietary/*adverse effects/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; },
abstract = {For reasons yet to be clarified, salt loading and plasma volume expansion decrease renal calcium retention; consequently, high-salt diets are thought to increase risk for osteoporosis and renal stones. These measures also can evoke increased adrenal production of the natriuretic factor marinobufagenin (MBG), recently implicated in the genesis of essential hypertension. MBG achieves natriuresis via potent selective inhibition of the alpha-1-type sodium pump, expressed throughout the nephron. In as much as renal calcium retention is largely dependent on efficient activity of calcium-sodium exchangers situated in the basolateral membranes of tubular epithelium, it is evident that an increased intracellular sodium concentration consequent to sodium pump inhibition could blunt the activity of these exchangers. Thus, it is postulated that MBG mediates the impact of salt loading on renal calcium retention.},
}
@article {pmid15764255,
year = {2004},
author = {Escribano, J and Balaguer, A and Martin, R and Feliu, A and Espax, R},
title = {Childhood idiopathic hypercalciuria--clinical significance of renal calyceal microlithiasis and risk of calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {38},
number = {5},
pages = {422-426},
doi = {10.1080/00365590410033434},
pmid = {15764255},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*diagnosis/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Hematuria/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/*diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/physiopathology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Severity of Illness Index ; Sex Distribution ; Ultrasonography ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical significance of renal calyceal microlithiasis (RCM) in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC).<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: RCM is a renal echographic finding defined as the presence of hyperechogenic spots < 3 mm in diameter in the renal calyces. These spots have been associated with the presence of nephrourological symptoms in children and are considered to represent a stage prior to urolithiasis. We reviewed the medical records of 103 children (63 girls, 40 boys; age range 1-14 years; mean age 6.57 years) referred for various complaints who had IHC. Renal echography was routinely performed. At diagnosis, 52 children had RCM, 35 showed normal echography, 14 had calculi and two presented nephrocalcinosis. A long-term follow-up study was carried out to compare the clinical manifestations, analytic data and renal echographic findings of patients with RCM and those with normal echography.<br><br>RESULTS: The clinical manifestations and the results of biochemical studies did not differ significantly between the two groups. Renal sonographic findings during the follow-up period revealed that, of patients with initial RCM, 35 showed normalized sonographic findings, two developed calculi and 36 developed recurrent RCM. Of the children with normal initial echography, 17 developed RCM and three developed calculi. The risk of developing lithiasis was less in children with RCM than in those with normal initial renal echography (0.04 vs 0.09), the relative risk being 0.45 (95% CI 0.08-2.55). The clinical and analytic differences between the group of 14 children with initial lithiasis and the other two groups previously described were also analyzed and no significant differences were found. An ongoing echographic study of these patients showed that the echograph was normalized in 10 children at some point or other, while seven developed RCM (four unilateral, three bilateral). In 13 cases the lithiasis reappeared, and the relative risk of recurrent lithiasis compared with those who initially showed no lithiasis was 16.16 (CI 95% 6.81-38.31).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that up to 85% of children with IHC presented RCM in follow-up sonographies. This echographic finding, which may appear and disappear at different points during follow-up, does not seem to indicate an increased risk of lithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid15763005,
year = {2005},
author = {Amaro, CR and Goldberg, J and Amaro, JL and Padovani, CR},
title = {Metabolic assessment in patients with urinary lithiasis.},
journal = {International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {29-33},
doi = {10.1590/s1677-55382005000100006},
pmid = {15763005},
issn = {1677-5538},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/metabolism ; Adult ; Brazil/epidemiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypercalcemia/metabolism ; Hyperoxaluria/metabolism ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxides/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/epidemiology/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Metabolic investigation in patients with urinary lithiasis is very important for preventing recurrence of disease. The objective of this work was to diagnose and to determine the prevalence of metabolic disorders, to assess the quality of the water consumed and volume of diuresis as potential risk factors for this pathology.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 182 patients older than 12 years. We included patients with history and/or imaging tests confirming at least 2 stones, with creatinine clearance > or = 60 mL/min and negative urine culture. The protocol consisted in the collection of 2, 24-hour urine samples, for dosing Ca, P, uric acid, Na, K, Mg, Ox and Ci, glycemia and serum levels of Ca, P, Uric acid, Na, K, Cl, Mg, U and Cr, urinary pH and urinary acidification test.<br><br>RESULTS: 158 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among these, 151 (95.5%) presented metabolic changes, with 94 (62.2%) presenting isolated metabolic change and 57 (37.8%) had mixed changes. The main disorders detected were hypercalciuria (74%), hypocitraturia (37.3%), hyperoxaluria (24.1%), hypomagnesuria (21%), hyperuricosuria (20.2%), primary hyperparathyroidism (1.8%), secondary hyperparathyroidism (0.6%) and renal tubular acidosis (0.6).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Metabolic change was diagnosed in 95.5% of patients. These results warrant the metabolic study and follow-up in patients with recurrent lithiasis in order to decrease the recurrence rate through specific treatments, modification in alimentary and behavioral habits.},
}
@article {pmid15752294,
year = {2005},
author = {Fabre, B and Bayle, P and Bazex, J and Durand, D and Lamant, L and Chassaing, N},
title = {Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {212-215},
doi = {10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01007.x},
pmid = {15752294},
issn = {0926-9959},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*complications ; Male ; Mutation ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum/*complications/genetics ; Recurrence ; Skin/pathology ; },
abstract = {We report the case of a 42-year-old man with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) and recurrent bilateral nephrolithiasis. Diagnosis of PXE was made by yellow papules on the neck and ophthalmologic angioid streaks. This diagnosis was confirmed by a skin biopsy (Von Kossa stain) and by genotyping analysis of ABCC6 (homozygous mutation R1138Q). Nephrolithiasis was recurrent and biological investigations showed hypophosphoraemia, hyperphosphaturia, hypercalciuria, normocalcaemia, normal serum parathyroid hormone value, high 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D value and a renal calcium oxalate stone. ABCC6 encodes for MRP6, a multidrug resistant protein strongly expressed in the liver and kidney. The substrates of the MRP6 remain unknown. As PXE is characterized by calcification of elastic fibres and this patient presents important phosphocalcic anomalies, we discuss the possible implications of MRP6 in the phosphocalcic metabolism.},
}
@article {pmid15748409,
year = {2002},
author = {Pearle, MS},
title = {Effect of low-carbohydrate high-protein diets on acid-base balance, stone-forming propensity, and calcium metabolism.},
journal = {International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology},
volume = {28},
number = {6},
pages = {571-572},
pmid = {15748409},
issn = {1677-5538},
}
@article {pmid15722151,
year = {2005},
author = {McNamara, CJ and Perry, TD and Bearce, K and Hernandez-Duque, G and Mitchell, R},
title = {Measurement of limestone biodeterioration using the Ca2+ binding fluorochrome Rhod-5N.},
journal = {Journal of microbiological methods},
volume = {61},
number = {2},
pages = {245-250},
doi = {10.1016/j.mimet.2004.12.004},
pmid = {15722151},
issn = {0167-7012},
mesh = {Biodegradation, Environmental ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/*chemistry ; Fluorescent Dyes/*chemistry ; Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods/*metabolism ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; },
abstract = {Limestone and marble have been used extensively in the construction of modern and historic buildings. Microbial colonization and growth on these stone structures is common. Microbial deterioration of stone has been assessed by measuring Ca2+ released from the stone, using ion selective electrodes and titration with EDTA. In this study, the calcium binding fluorochrome Rhod-5N was used to measure Ca2+ released from limestone by endolithic bacteria as an indicator of biodeterioration. In a 17 d flask experiment, Ca2+ released by endolithic bacteria was twice that of uninoculated controls. Rhod-5N is a rapid and accurate method for measuring microbial biodeterioration of stone.},
}
@article {pmid15692680,
year = {2005},
author = {Rebelo, MA and Tostes, V and Araújo, NC and Martini, SV and Botelho, BF and Guggino, WB and Morales, MM},
title = {Screening for CLCN5 mutation in renal calcium stone formers patients.},
journal = {Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias},
volume = {77},
number = {1},
pages = {95-101},
doi = {10.1590/s0001-37652005000100007},
pmid = {15692680},
issn = {0001-3765},
support = {DK 32753/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; HL 47122/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Base Sequence ; Chloride Channels/*genetics ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/urine ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; *Mutation ; Nephrocalcinosis/*genetics/urine ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Renal Insufficiency/*genetics/urine ; Severity of Illness Index ; beta 2-Microglobulin/urine ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Thirty-five patients (23 males and 12 females), age 35 +/- 13 years old, presenting either idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis or mild renal failure with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis were selected for the analysis of low molecular weight proteinuria and the possible mutations occurrence in the chloride channel gene CLCN5. The urinary ratio of beta2-microglobulin and creatinine (beta2M/Cr) was very high in a transplanted woman with nephrocalcinosis (> 3.23 mg/mmol) and slightly high in five patients (> 0.052 or < 1.0 mg/mmol) with multiple urological manipulations. Other studied patients showed beta2M/Cr ratio at normal range (0.003-0.052 mg/mmol) without gender difference (p > 0.05). Mutation analysis of CLCN5 gene was performed in 26 patients of 35 selected (11 with idiopathic hypercalciuria; 6 men with normal calciuria; 3 with mild renal insufficiency and 6 with nephrocalcinosis) and was normal in all subjects even in those with abnormal molecular weight proteinuria.<br><br>CONCLUSION: CLCN5 gene mutation is not a common cause of kidney stone disease or nephrocalcinosis in a group of Brazilian patients studied.},
}
@article {pmid15689405,
year = {2005},
author = {Moe, OW and Bonny, O},
title = {Genetic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {729-745},
doi = {10.1681/ASN.2004100888},
pmid = {15689405},
issn = {1046-6673},
support = {R01 DK 48482/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*genetics/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/*physiopathology ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria is an important, identifiable, and reversible risk factor in stone formation. The foremost and most fundamental step in dissecting the genetics of hypercalciuria is understanding its pathophysiology. Hypercalciuria is a complex trait. This article outlines the various factors that compromise the attempt to dissect the genetics of hypercalciuria, summarizes the clinical and experimental monogenic causes of hypercalciuria, and outlines the initial results from attempts in studying polygenic hypercalciuria. Finally, the problem is set in perspective of the current database, technologic advances and limitations are highlighted, and prospects of further advances in the field are speculated upon.},
}
@article {pmid15688852,
year = {2004},
author = {Kazantzis, G},
title = {Cadmium, osteoporosis and calcium metabolism.},
journal = {Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {493-498},
doi = {10.1023/b:biom.0000045727.76054.f3},
pmid = {15688852},
issn = {0966-0844},
mesh = {Belgium ; Bone and Bones/drug effects ; Cadmium/*toxicity ; Cadmium Poisoning/*complications ; Calcium/*metabolism ; China ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Humans ; Japan ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; *Occupational Diseases ; Osteomalacia/etiology ; Osteoporosis/*etiology ; Sweden ; },
abstract = {Occupational exposure to cadmium has for long been associated with renal tubular cell dysfunction, osteomalacia with osteoporosis, hypercalciuria and renal stone formation. High environmental exposure in Japan resulting from a stable diet of cadmium contaminated rice caused itai-itai disease, fractures occurring mainly in elderly multiparous women, with a form of osteomalacia, osteoporosis and renal dysfunction. More recently a population based study in Europe, in the vicinity of zinc smelters has shown that low to moderate exposure to cadmium, with a mean urinary excretion of cadmium of the order of 1 microg/g creatinine has been associated with a decrease in bone density, an increased risk of bone fractures in women and of height loss in men. In a population-based study of residents near a cadmium smelter in China, forearm bone density was shown to decrease linearly with age and urinary cadmium in both sexes, suggesting a dose effect relationship between cadmium dose and bone mineral density. A marked increase in the prevalence of fractures was shown in the cadmium-polluted area in both sexes. Concentrations of cadmium in blood and urine were taken as exposure biomarkers, and beta2-microglobulin, retinol binding protein and albumin as biomarkers of effect. A marked dose response relationship between these indicators of exposure and effect was shown. Hypercalciuria, which may progress to osteoporosis, has been taken as a sensitive renal-tubular biomarker of a low level of cadmium exposure. Cadmium may also act directly on bone. Animal studies have shown cadmium to stimulate the formation and activity of osteoclasts, breaking down the collagen matrix in bone. Osteoporosis is the main cause of fracures in post-menopausal women, a common occurrence worldwide, giving rise to disability and a high cost to health services. The identification of cadmium, an environmental pollutant, as one causal factor is highly significant in helping to control the incidence of this complex condition.},
}
@article {pmid15655568,
year = {2005},
author = {Vaidyanathan, S and Watson, ID and Jonsson, O and Buczynski, AZ and Grases, F and Heilberg, IP and Yasui, T and Wyndaele, JJ and Tozawa, K and Kohri, K and Schurch, B and Hughes, PL and Singh, G and Soni, BM and Sett, P and Fraser, WD},
title = {Recurrent vesical calculi, hypercalciuria, and biochemical evidence of increased bone resorption in an adult male with paraplegia due to spinal cord injury: is there a role for intermittent oral disodium etidronate therapy for prevention of calcium phosphate bladder stones?.},
journal = {Spinal cord},
volume = {43},
number = {5},
pages = {269-277},
doi = {10.1038/sj.sc.3101713},
pmid = {15655568},
issn = {1362-4393},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Resorption/etiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Etidronic Acid/*therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Paraplegia/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*complications/metabolism/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/etiology ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/pathology/*prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {STUDY DESIGN: Clinical case report with comments by colleagues from Sweden, Poland, Spain, Brazil, Japan, Belgium and Switzerland.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To discuss the role of disodium etidronate therapy for prevention of calcium phosphate vesical calculi in persons with spinal cord injury, who have hypercalciuria and biochemical evidence of increased bone resorption.<br><br>SETTING: Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Southport, UK.<br><br>METHODS: A 21-year-old male sustained paraplegia (T-10; ASIA scale: A) in a road traffic accident in June 2001. He had an indwelling urethral catheter until the end of August 2001, when he started self-catheterisation. He developed bladder stones and electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) was performed in May 2002. All stone fragments were removed. Recurrence of vesical calculi was noted in October 2002. These stones were fragmented by lithoclast lithotripsy in two sessions, in December 2002 and February 2003; all stone fragments were removed at the end of the second session. This patient reverted to indwelling catheter drainage when vesical calculi recurred. In September 2003, X-ray of the abdomen showed recurrence of vesical calculi. By February 2004, the stones had increased in size and number. EHL of vesical calculi was again performed in April 2004. Complete clearance was achieved.<br><br>RESULTS: A 24-h urinalysis detected hypercalciuria--18.7 mmol/day (reference range: 2.5-7.5). Biochemical analysis of vesical calculus revealed calcium phosphate (85%) and magnesium ammonium phosphate (15%). Plasma C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) was increased - 1.06 ng/ml (reference range: 0.1-0.5 ng/ml). Free deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio (fDPD/Cr) in urine was also increased - 20.2 (reference range: 2.3-5.4). In April 2004, this patient was prescribed disodium etidronate 400 mg day. Nearly 3 months after commencing therapy with etidronate, plasma CTX decreased to 0.87 ng/ml. fDPD/Cr in urine also decreased to 12.4. After 4 months of etidronate therapy, 24-h urinary calcium excretion had decreased to 6.1 mmol/day.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Etidronate (400 mg daily) is a very effective inhibitor of calcium phosphate crystallisation. Etidronate decreased urinary excretion of calcium, an important factor in prevention of calcium phosphate bladder stones. Etidronate therapy is not a substitute for other well-established methods for prevention of vesical calculi in spinal cord injury patients, for example, large fluid intake, avoiding long-term catheter drainage. Intermittent therapy with etidronate may be considered in selected patients, in whom hypercalciuria persists after instituting nonpharmacological therapy for an adequate period, for example, early mobilisation, weight-bearing exercises, and functional electrical stimulation. However, possible side effects of etidronate, and the fact that etidronate is not licensed in United Kingdom for prevention of urolithiasis, should be borne in mind.},
}
@article {pmid15637424,
year = {2005},
author = {Devuyst, O and Jouret, F and Auzanneau, C and Courtoy, PJ},
title = {Chloride channels and endocytosis: new insights from Dent's disease and ClC-5 knockout mice.},
journal = {Nephron. Physiology},
volume = {99},
number = {3},
pages = {p69-73},
doi = {10.1159/000083210},
pmid = {15637424},
issn = {1660-2137},
mesh = {Animals ; Chloride Channels/*deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; *Endocytosis ; *Ion Channel Gating ; Kidney Calculi/genetics/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/*metabolism ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Tubulin/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Dent's disease is a hereditary renal tubular disorder characterized by low-molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria, hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis. The disease is due to mutations of ClC-5, a member of the family of voltage-gated CLC chloride channels. ClC-5 is expressed in part in cells lining the proximal tubule (PT) of the kidney, where it colocalizes with albumin-containing endocytic vesicles belonging to the receptor-mediated endocytic pathway that ensures efficient reabsorption of ultrafiltrated LMW proteins. Since progression along the endocytic apparatus requires endosomal acidification, it has been suggested that dysfunction of ClC-5 in endosomes may lead to inefficient reabsorption of LMW proteins and dysfunction of PT cells. Analysis of a ClC-5 knockout (KO) mouse model, displaying all the characteristic renal tubular defects of Dent's disease, showed evidence of a severe LMW proteinuria. Cytochemical studies with the endocytic tracer, peroxidase, showed poor transfer into early endocytic vesicles, suggesting that impairment of receptor-mediated endocytosis in PT cells is the basis for the defective uptake of LMW proteins in patients with Dent's disease. Endocytosis and processing of LMW proteins involve the multiligand tandem receptors, megalin and cubilin, that are abundantly expressed at the brush border of PT cells. Characterization of the endocytic defect in ClC-5 KO mice revealed that ligands of both megalin and cubilin were affected. The total kidney content of megalin and especially cubilin at the protein level was decreased but, more importantly, using analytical subcellular fractionation and quantitative immunogold labelling we demonstrated a selective disappearance of megalin and cubilin at the brush border of PT cells. These observations allowed us to conclude that defective protein endocytosis linked to ClC-5 inactivation is due at least in part to a major and selective loss of megalin and cubilin at the brush border, reflecting a trafficking defect in renal PT cells. These results improve our understanding of Dent's disease, taken as a paradigm for renal Fanconi syndrome and nephrolithiasis, and demonstrate multiple roles for ClC-5 in the kidney. These studies also provided insights into important functions such as apical endocytosis, handling of proteins by renal tubular cells, calcium metabolism, and urinary acidification.},
}
@article {pmid15636725,
year = {2004},
author = {Serra, A and Domingos, F and Salgueiro, C and Prata, MM},
title = {[Metabolic evaluation of recurrent idiopathic calcium stone disease in Portugal].},
journal = {Acta medica portuguesa},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {27-34},
pmid = {15636725},
issn = {1646-0758},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portugal ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Idiopathic calcium stone disease is the most frequent type of nephrolithiasis in industrialised countries. Several metabolic, environmental and genetic factors have described and may be involved in its pathogenesis. This study was designed to evaluate the factors that contribute to idiopathic calcium stone disease in Portugal.<br><br>METHODS: To characterise the Portuguese population with idiopathic recurrent calcium stone disease, a population of 87 consecutive idiopathic recurrent calcium stone formers (IRCSF) was evaluated over a 5-year period. The results were compared with a control group of 45 healthy subjects (HS) from the same population, with similar age and gender distribution.<br><br>RESULTS: No difference was observed in the distribution of affected individual according to gender (47 females and 40 males). A familial history of nephrolithiasis was present in 35.6%. Significantly higher urinary calcium and lower urinary citrate were observed in IRCSF group when compared with HS group. Individual analysis revealed urinary abnormalities in 78 of 87 IRCSF (89.7%). Hyperoxaluria was the most frequent abnormality, observed in 40.2% of the patients, hyperuricosuria in 33.3%, hypercalciuria in 24.1%, hypocitraturia in 23.0%, low urine volume in 19.5% and hypomagnesiuria in 8%. No difference was observed in the distribution of urinary risk factors according to gender or presence of familial antecedents of nephrolithiasis. A positive correlation was observed between urinary sodium and calcium in hypercalciuric patients.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Among the studied population, idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis affected both genders equally. Metabolic evaluation permits the identification of urine abnormalities in most of these patients. Hyperoxaluria, hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia and hyperuricosuria appeared as important pathogenic factors in IRCSF. Urine volume was not different between groups. Dietary factors may be involved in the observed urine abnormalities and need to be further evaluated.},
}
@article {pmid15632477,
year = {2005},
author = {Fujita, T},
title = {[Active absorbable algal calcium (AAACa) changes calcium paradigm].},
journal = {Clinical calcium},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {87-93},
pmid = {15632477},
issn = {0917-5857},
mesh = {Adipose Tissue/drug effects ; Animals ; Bone Density/drug effects ; *Calcium/metabolism/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; *Calcium Carbonate ; Depression, Chemical ; Heating ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Osteoporosis/*drug therapy/metabolism ; *Oxides ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; *Seaweed ; Spinal Fractures/prevention &amp; control ; Urinary Calculi/prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {Active Absorbable Algal Calcium (AAA Ca) is made by submaximally (800 degrees) heating cleaned oyster shell under reduced pressure and mixing it with similarly heated seaweed (Cystophyllum fusiforme). AAA Ca, the best absorbed from the intestine than other available calcium compounds, consequently most efficiently suppresses parathyroid hormone secretion, increases bone mineral density and decreases vertebral fracture. Aging is associated with calcium deficiency, mostly because of the decreased biosynthesis of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D in the kidney. Parathyroid hormone consequently increases, contributing to various diseases associated with aging such as osteoporosis or decrease of calcium in the bone, as well as hypertension, arteriosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and osteoarthritis due to paradoxical increase of calcium in vascular walls, brain, cartilage and intracellular compartment of many kinds of cells. Mild calcium deficiency is hard to detect despite these serious consequences because of the remarkable constancy of blood calcium concentration maintained by elaborate homeostatic control. Only by successfully counteracting calcium deficiency by AAA Ca with outstanding absorbability, the phenomenon of calcium paradox becomes a recognizable reality within our reach.},
}
@article {pmid15615421,
year = {2003},
author = {Cao, ZG and Liu, JH and Radman, AM and Wu, JZ and Ying, CP and Zhou, SW},
title = {[An experimental study of effect of different extracts of Alisma orientalis on urinary calcium oxalate stones formation in rats].},
journal = {Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica},
volume = {28},
number = {11},
pages = {1072-1075},
pmid = {15615421},
issn = {1001-5302},
mesh = {*Alisma/chemistry ; Ammonium Chloride ; Animals ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Creatinine/blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation &amp; purification/*pharmacology ; Ethylene Glycol ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/chemically induced/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Magnesium/metabolism/urine ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different extracts of Alisma orientalis on urinary calcium oxalate stone formation in rats and to identify the effective constituents.<br><br>METHOD: Different extracts were administered through a stomach tube to rats of different groups with renal calcium oxalate stones induced by ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC).<br><br>RESULT: In the rats administered with ethyl acetate elution of ethyl acetate extract, blood Cr, BUN, renal tissue calcium content, urinary calcium excretion and crystals deposition in renal tissue were significantly lower than those of the stone formation group.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The ethyl acetate elution of ethyl acetate fraction extract of Alisma orientalis can significantly inhibit urinary calcium oxalate stone formation in rats and be the most effective constituent of Alisma orientalis.},
}
@article {pmid15615095,
year = {2004},
author = {Devuyst, O},
title = {Chloride channels and endocytosis: new insights from Dent's disease and CLC-5 knockout mice.},
journal = {Bulletin et memoires de l'Academie royale de medecine de Belgique},
volume = {159},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {212-217},
pmid = {15615095},
issn = {0377-8231},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/analysis ; Chloride Channels/*genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Endocytosis ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*genetics/*physiopathology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; },
abstract = {Dent's disease is an hereditary renal tubular disorder characterized by low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteinuria, hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis. The disease is due to mutations of CLC-5, a member of the family of voltage-gated CLC chloride channels. CLC-5 is distributed in cells lining the proximal tubule (PT) of the kidney, where it co-localizes with albumin-containing endocytic vesicles that form part of the receptor-mediated endocytic pathway that mediates the reabsorption of low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteins filtered at the glomerular level. Since progression along the endocytic apparatus requires endosomal acidification, it has been suggested that dysfunction of CLC-5 in endosomes may lead to inefficient reabsorption of LMW proteins and dysfunction of PT cells. Investigations conducted in a CLC-5 knockout (KO) mouse model harbouring all the characteristic renal tubular defects of Dent's disease showed a severe impairment of endocytosis by PT cells, such that the endocytic tracer peroxidase was poorly transferred into early endocytic vesicles. These data demonstrated that an impairment of receptor-mediated endocytosis in PT cells is the basis for the defective uptake of LMW proteins in patients with Dent's disease. The endocytosis and processing of LMW proteins involves the multiligand tandem receptors, megalin and cubilin, that are abundantly expressed at the brush border of PT cells. The characterization of the endocytic defect in CLC-5 KO mice revealed that ligands of both megalin and cubilin were affected, whereas a decrease in total kidney content of megalin and cubilin at the protein level was detected. Using analytical subcellular fractionation and quantitative immunogold labelling, we demonstrated a selective disappearance of megalin and cubilin at the brush border of PT cells. These observations allowed us to conclude that defective protein endocytosis linked to CLC-5 inactivation is due to a major and selective loss of megalin and cubilin at the brush border, reflecting a trafficking defect in renal PT cells. These results improve our understanding of Dent's disease, taken as a paradigm for renal Fanconi syndrome and nephrolithiasis, and demonstrate multiple roles for CLC-5 in the kidney. These studies also provided insights in important functions such as apical endocytosis, handling of proteins by renal tubular cells, calcium metabolism, and urinary acidification.},
}
@article {pmid15613438,
year = {2005},
author = {Bevilacqua, M and Dominguez, LJ and Righini, V and Valdes, V and Toscano, R and Sangaletti, O and Vago, T and Baldi, G and Barrella, M and Bianchi-Porro, G},
title = {Increased gastrin and calcitonin secretion after oral calcium or peptones administration in patients with hypercalciuria: a clue to an alteration in calcium-sensing receptor activity.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {90},
number = {3},
pages = {1489-1494},
doi = {10.1210/jc.2004-0045},
pmid = {15613438},
issn = {0021-972X},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Aged ; Calcitonin/*metabolism ; Calcium Gluconate/administration &amp; dosage/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/diagnosis/*urine ; Female ; Gastrin-Secreting Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; Gastrins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/urine ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Peptones/administration &amp; dosage ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/*metabolism ; Thyroid Gland/drug effects/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been detected in human antral gastrin-secreting cells, where, upon calcium and/or amino acid allosteric activation, it stimulates gastrin secretion. Patients with absorptive hypercalciuria (AH) display an enhanced gastric acid output; therefore, we evaluated the secretion of gastrin in subjects with AH (30 subjects vs. 30 healthy female controls, all postmenopausal) after oral calcium administration (1 g calcium gluconate) and, on a separate occasion, after peptone loading test (protein hydrolyzed, 10 g). Gastrin and monomeric calcitonin responses were higher in AH after both oral calcium administration (P < 0.01) and peptone loading (P < 0.01). Because the activation of CaSR by oral calcium and peptones directly induces gastrin release, the higher gastrin responses to these stimuli suggest an increased sensitivity of gastrin-secreting cells CaSR in patients with AH. A similar alteration in thyroid C cells might explain the enhanced calcitonin responses to both calcium and peptones. If the same alterations should in addition be present in the distal tubule (where CaSR is expressed as well), then a possible explanation for amino acid-induced hypercalciuria in AH would have been identified.},
}
@article {pmid15590899,
year = {2005},
author = {Karl, MO and Fleischhauer, JC and Stamer, WD and Peterson-Yantorno, K and Mitchell, CH and Stone, RA and Civan, MM},
title = {Differential P1-purinergic modulation of human Schlemm's canal inner-wall cells.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Cell physiology},
volume = {288},
number = {4},
pages = {C784-94},
doi = {10.1152/ajpcell.00333.2004},
pmid = {15590899},
issn = {0363-6143},
support = {EY-12797/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 EY015537/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; EY-01583/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; EY-013624/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; EY-13434/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 EY013434/EY/NEI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Anterior Eye Segment/*cytology/*metabolism ; Aqueous Humor/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Culture Techniques/*methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Intracellular Fluid/drug effects/metabolism ; Intraocular Pressure/drug effects/physiology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; *Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists ; *Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists ; Receptors, Purinergic P1/drug effects/*physiology ; },
abstract = {Intraocular pressure is directly dependent on aqueous humor flow into, and resistance to flow out of, the eye. Adenosine has complex effects on intraocular pressure. Stimulation of A1 and A2A adenosine receptors changes intraocular pressure oppositely, likely through opposing actions on the outflow of aqueous humor. While the cellular sites regulating outflow resistance are unknown, the cells lining the inner wall of Schlemm's canal (SC) are a likely regulatory site. We applied selective adenosine receptor agonists to SC cells in vitro to compare the responses to A1 and A2A stimulation. Parallel studies were conducted with human inner-wall SC cells isolated by a novel enzyme-assisted technique and with cannula-derived mixed inner- and outer-wall SC cells. A1 agonists increased whole cell currents of both inner-wall and cannula-derived SC cells. An A2A agonist reduced currents most consistently in specifically inner-wall SC cells. Those currents were also increased by A2B, but not consistently affected by A3, stimulation. A1, A2A, and A3 agonists all increased SC-cell intracellular Ca2+. The electrophysiological results are consistent with the possibility that inner-wall SC cells may mediate the previously reported modulatory effects of adenosine on outflow resistance. The results are also consistent with the presence of functional A2B, as well as A1, A2A, and A3 adenosine receptors in SC cells.},
}
@article {pmid15588827,
year = {2005},
author = {King, WA and Stone, DB and Timmins, PA and Narayanan, T and von Brasch, AA and Mendelson, RA and Curmi, PM},
title = {Solution structure of the chicken skeletal muscle troponin complex via small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering.},
journal = {Journal of molecular biology},
volume = {345},
number = {4},
pages = {797-815},
doi = {10.1016/j.jmb.2004.10.090},
pmid = {15588827},
issn = {0022-2836},
support = {AR45659/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; RR-01081/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/pharmacology ; *Chickens ; Models, Molecular ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/*chemistry ; Myocardium/chemistry ; *Neutron Diffraction ; Protein Binding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary/drug effects ; Protein Subunits/chemistry/metabolism ; Solutions/chemistry ; Troponin/*chemistry/*metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction ; },
abstract = {Troponin is a Ca2+-sensitive switch that regulates the contraction of vertebrate striated muscle by participating in a series of conformational events within the actin-based thin filament. Troponin is a heterotrimeric complex consisting of a Ca2+-binding subunit (TnC), an inhibitory subunit (TnI), and a tropomyosin-binding subunit (TnT). Ternary troponin complexes have been produced by assembling recombinant chicken skeletal muscle TnC, TnI and the C-terminal portion of TnT known as TnT2. A full set of small-angle neutron scattering data has been collected from TnC-TnI-TnT2 ternary complexes, in which all possible combinations of the subunits have been deuterated, in both the +Ca2+ and -Ca2+ states. Small-angle X-ray scattering data were also collected from the same troponin TnC-TnI-TnT2 complex. Guinier analysis shows that the complex is monomeric in solution and that there is a large change in the radius of gyration of TnI when it goes from the +Ca2+ to the -Ca2+ state. Starting with a model based on the human cardiac troponin crystal structure, a rigid-body Monte Carlo optimization procedure was used to yield models of chicken skeletal muscle troponin, in solution, in the presence and in the absence of regulatory calcium. The optimization was carried out simultaneously against all of the scattering data sets. The optimized models show significant differences when compared to the cardiac troponin crystal structure in the +Ca2+ state and provide a structural model for the switch between +Ca2+ and -Ca2+ states. A key feature is that TnC adopts a dumbbell conformation in both the +Ca2+ and -Ca2+ states. More importantly, the data for the -Ca2+ state suggest a long extension of the troponin IT arm, consisting mainly of TnI. Thus, the troponin complex undergoes a large structural change triggered by Ca2+ binding.},
}
@article {pmid15569313,
year = {2004},
author = {Procino, G and Carmosino, M and Tamma, G and Gouraud, S and Laera, A and Riccardi, D and Svelto, M and Valenti, G},
title = {Extracellular calcium antagonizes forskolin-induced aquaporin 2 trafficking in collecting duct cells.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {66},
number = {6},
pages = {2245-2255},
doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.66036.x},
pmid = {15569313},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Aquaporin 2 ; Aquaporins/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Colforsin/*pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; Gadolinium/pharmacology ; Kidney Tubules, Collecting/cytology/drug effects/*metabolism ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Protein Transport/drug effects/physiology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects/physiology ; Stress Fibers/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Urinary concentrating defects and polyuria are the most important renal manifestations of hypercalcemia and the resulting hypercalciuria. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that hypercalciuria-associated polyuria in kidney collecting duct occurs through an impairment of the vasopressin-dependent aquaporin 2 (AQP2) water channel targeting to the apical membrane possibly involving calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) signaling.<br><br>METHODS: AQP2-transfected collecting duct CD8 cells were used as experimental model. Quantitation of cell surface AQP2 immunoreactivity was performed using an antibody recognizing the extracellular AQP2 C loop. Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation was measured in CD8 cells using a cAMP enzyme immunoassay kit. To study the translocation of protein kinase C (PKC), membranes or cytosol fractions from CD8 cells were subjected to Western blotting using anti-PKC isozymes antibodies. The amount of F-actin was determined by spectrofluorometric techniques. Intracellular calcium measurements were performed by spectrofluorometric analysis with Fura-2/AM.<br><br>RESULTS: We demonstrated that extracellular calcium (Ca2+ o) (5 mmol/L) strongly inhibited forskolin-stimulated increase in AQP2 expression in the apical plasma membrane. At least three intracellular pathways activated by extracellular calcium were found to contribute to this effect. Firstly, the increase in cAMP levels in response to forskolin stimulation was drastically reduced in cells pretreated with Ca2+ o compared to untreated cells. Second, Ca2+ o activated PKC, known to counteract vasopressin response. Third, quantification of F-actin demonstrated that Ca2+ o caused a nearly twofold increase in F-actin content compared with basal conditions. All these effects were mimicked by a nonmembrane permeable agonist of the extracellular CaR, Gd3+.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Together, these data demonstrate that extracellular calcium, possibly acting through the endogenous CaR, antagonizes forskolin-induced AQP2 translocation to the apical plasma membrane in CD8 cells. In hypercalciuria, this mechanism might blunt water reabsorption and prevent further calcium concentration, thus protecting against a potential risk of urinary calcium-containing stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid15558518,
year = {2004},
author = {Gambaro, G and Vezzoli, G and Casari, G and Rampoldi, L and D'Angelo, A and Borghi, L},
title = {Genetics of hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis: from the rare monogenic to the common polygenic forms.},
journal = {American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation},
volume = {44},
number = {6},
pages = {963-986},
doi = {10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.06.030},
pmid = {15558518},
issn = {1523-6838},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*genetics ; *Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Nephrocalcinosis/*genetics ; Phenotype ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis is a multifactorial disease with a pathogenesis that involves a complex interaction of environmental and individual factors. This review discusses what is known about monogenic renal calcium stone-related disorders, provides an update on genetic research in calcium nephrolithiasis and such intermediate phenotypes as idiopathic hypercalciuria, discusses the problems that these conditions pose to clinicians and geneticists interested in their pathogenesis, and proposes some method tools potentially useful in this research frame of reference.},
}
@article {pmid15530322,
year = {2004},
author = {Areses Trapote, R and Urbieta Garagorri, MA and Ubetagoyena Arrieta, M and Mingo Monge, T and Arruebarrena Lizarraga, D},
title = {[Evaluation of renal stone disease: metabolic study].},
journal = {Anales de pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003)},
volume = {61},
number = {5},
pages = {418-427},
doi = {10.1016/s1695-4033(04)78417-9},
pmid = {15530322},
issn = {1695-4033},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology/*metabolism ; Male ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {Renal stone formation is a multifactorial process in which all the information obtained from the patient (medical history, imaging tests, stone analysis, metabolic study and physicochemical urine analysis) shows a different facet of the same process. Consequently, all these investigations should be evaluated together. In half of all patients, stone formation is secondary to the presence of metabolic alterations in urine, of which the most frequent is idiopathic hypercalciuria. The second most frequent cause is infection and/or urinary malformations, while hereditary enzyme defects are highly unusual. Reference values for urinary excretion of lithogenic metabolites (calciuria, uricosuria, oxaluria, citraturia, etc.) are essential for an adequate metabolic study, since urinary excretion depends on multiple factors, which have been described in the various publications in the literature. Physicochemical study evaluating saturation of the various salts dissolved in urine should be performed. These saturations are currently considered to be a highly useful index for determining the risk of crystallization and stone formation in patients with lithiasis and for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. Lastly, the metabolic profile of renal lithiasis in children resembles that in adults, suggesting that predisposition to renal lithiasis begins in childhood. The early detection of the metabolic alterations observed in these patients will reduce the incidence of this disease in both children and adults.},
}
@article {pmid15499217,
year = {2004},
author = {Jaeger, P and Robertson, WG},
title = {Role of dietary intake and intestinal absorption of oxalate in calcium stone formation.},
journal = {Nephron. Physiology},
volume = {98},
number = {2},
pages = {p64-71},
doi = {10.1159/000080266},
pmid = {15499217},
issn = {1660-2137},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calculi/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Diet ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption/*physiology ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The factors affecting the urinary excretion of oxalate are critical to the risk of forming calcium oxalate stones. This article reviews the role of dietary and intestinal oxalate in determining the level of oxalate excreted in urine. The amount of oxalate available for absorption throughout the intestine is highly dependent on the state of oxalate (a) in the food ingested, and (b) in the intestinal contents at each section of the intestinal tract since only the soluble form of oxalate can be absorbed. In this respect, the solubility of calcium oxalate (CaOx) under the prevailing conditions is paramount in determining the amount of oxalate available for absorption at any particular site. In turn, the main factors that control how much oxalate is in the soluble form are pH and the concentrations of calcium, magnesium and (indirectly) phosphate. Based on these parameters, a model of the intestine has been constructed which brings together the available evidence on the prevailing concentrations of these various factors at different sites in the intestine after allowing for dietary intake and the concentration of the above ions in intestinal secretions. The model then calculates the likely concentration of oxalate that is in the soluble form at each site and therefore available for passive absorption at that site. The model shows that oxalate is likely to be absorbed in the stomach, although it can be also absorbed in the small intestine, particularly at the distal end (after the absorption of calcium), and in the colon, since, on a normal intake of calcium and phosphate, most of the calcium in the large bowel would be anticipated to be precipitated as calcium phosphate under the prevailing alkaline conditions and high concentration of phosphate. The amount of free oxalate in the colon is also controlled by the presence or absence of Oxalobacter formigenes, an anaerobe that has an obligate requirement for oxalate as a source of energy and cellular carbon.},
}
@article {pmid15499216,
year = {2004},
author = {Taylor, EN and Curhan, GC},
title = {Role of nutrition in the formation of calcium-containing kidney stones.},
journal = {Nephron. Physiology},
volume = {98},
number = {2},
pages = {p55-63},
doi = {10.1159/000080265},
pmid = {15499216},
issn = {1660-2137},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*chemistry/*pathology ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena/*physiology ; },
abstract = {Diet plays an important role in the pathogenesis of calcium-containing kidney stones. Although much work has demonstrated that specific dietary components alter urinary composition and supersaturation, relatively few studies link the ingestion of these components with actual nephrolithiasis. This article reviews the dietary factors thought to promote or inhibit the formation of calcium stones and discusses the current controversies in the field of nutrition and nephrolithiasis. Special attention is paid to the roles of dietary calcium, supplemental calcium, oxalate, phytate, and n-3 fatty acids. We offer dietary recommendations to individuals who have suffered from a calcium-containing kidney stone, and emphasize that a patient's 24-hour urine chemistries should be used to help guide dietary intervention.},
}
@article {pmid15483460,
year = {2004},
author = {Prié, D and Beck, L and Friedlander, G and Silve, C},
title = {Sodium-phosphate cotransporters, nephrolithiasis and bone demineralization.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {675-681},
doi = {10.1097/00041552-200411000-00015},
pmid = {15483460},
issn = {1062-4821},
mesh = {Animals ; Bone Demineralization, Pathologic/*physiopathology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Homeostasis/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Proton-Phosphate Symporters/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We discuss how recent findings obtained in disorders of phosphate metabolism in humans and in animal models have provided insights into the pathogenesis of renal stone formation and bone demineralization.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Mice that are null for the sodium-phosphate cotransporter (NPT)2a gene (NPT2a(-/-) mice) exhibit hypophosphataemia, increased urinary phosphate excretion, hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis, but no bone demineralization. Mice null for the sodium-hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF)1 (NHERF1(-/-) mice) also exhibit hypophosphataemia and increased renal phosphate excretion with decreased renal NPT2a expression, but they present with a severe sex-dependent bone demineralization. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the NPT2a gene in humans induce hypophosphataemia, increased urinary phosphate excretion, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis in males (to date) and bone demineralization of variable severity in both sexes. Patients and experimental animals with increased circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 present with hypophosphataemia, increased urinary phosphate excretion, inappropriate calcitriol synthesis and rickets/osteomalacia, but no nephrolithiasis except when treated. Low-phosphate diet in spontaneously hypercalciuric rats and disruption of the 1-alpha-hydroxylase gene in NPT2a mice prevent renal stone formation.<br><br>SUMMARY: Increased urinary phosphate excretion is a risk factor for renal calcium stone formation when it is associated with hypercalciuria. As yet undefined interplay between NPT2a, NHERF1 and possibly other cotransporters or associated proteins in bone cells may account for the diversity of bone phenotypes observed in disorders of phosphate metabolism with impaired renal phosphate reabsorption. The pathogenesis of both renal stone and bone demineralization appear to be affected by species, sex and mutation type, among other factors.},
}
@article {pmid15332777,
year = {2001},
author = {Naas, T and Al-Agili, S and Bashir, O},
title = {Urinary calculi: bacteriological and chemical association.},
journal = {Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit},
volume = {7},
number = {4-5},
pages = {763-770},
pmid = {15332777},
issn = {1020-3397},
mesh = {Academic Medical Centers ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bacterial Infections/*complications/epidemiology/metabolism/microbiology ; Calcium/analysis/metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Libya/epidemiology ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/analysis/metabolism ; Population Surveillance ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Uric Acid/analysis/metabolism ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Calculi/*chemistry/epidemiology/metabolism/*microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/*complications/epidemiology/metabolism/microbiology ; },
abstract = {We investigated the bacteriology of urinary calculi in relation to urinary tract infection, stone formation, chemical composition and antibiotic sensitivity. Fifty-two patients (37 males, 15 females) with urolithiasis were studied. Urine, serum and urinary calculi specimens were taken and serum biochemical tests to detect uric acid, calcium and phosphorus were performed. Urine analysis and culture were also performed. Of the 52 patients, 19 (37%) had associated urinary tract infection, with Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis being the most common causative microorganisms. The bacterial isolates from urine and those from calculi differed in their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. We conclude that in over 50% of patients with urolithiasis, urine culture can detect the infecting organisms associated with stone formation and the organisms within urinary calculi.},
}
@article {pmid15253454,
year = {2004},
author = {Sommer, AP},
title = {Could reduced bone mineral densities in HIV be caused by nanobacteria?.},
journal = {Journal of proteome research},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {670-672},
doi = {10.1021/pr049978b},
pmid = {15253454},
issn = {1535-3893},
mesh = {Bacteria/*metabolism ; *Bone Density ; Calcium/metabolism ; HIV Infections/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Laser Therapy ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/*therapy ; Phosphates/metabolism ; },
abstract = {From the observations of different research groups reporting on reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and on a pronounced tendency for kidney stone formation, both in HIV-infected patients, and from results achieved in the treatment of severest peripheral neuropathy with lasers, it is concluded that nanobacteria (NB) could actively contribute to the reduction of BMD. A reduced BMD could primarily stem from NB, extracting calcium and phosphate from blood, affecting the calcium and phosphate homeostasis in humans.},
}
@article {pmid15247877,
year = {2004},
author = {Ounadi-Corbillé, W and Brinkane, A and Benftima-Dutoya, S and Coblence, JF},
title = {[Nephrolithiasis and primary hyperarathyroidism in pregnancy].},
journal = {Annales d'endocrinologie},
volume = {65},
number = {2},
pages = {171-173},
doi = {10.1016/s0003-4266(04)95665-x},
pmid = {15247877},
issn = {0003-4266},
mesh = {Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*diagnosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnosis/surgery ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/*diagnosis ; Pregnancy Outcome ; },
abstract = {Diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism is unusual during pregnancy. The presence of a renal stone is a very exceptional finding. Hypercalcemia is often revealed by standard blood tests. We present here a clinical case of renal nephretic colic occurring during the third trimester of a fourth pregnancy. Our investigations led to the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism which was successfully treated. Hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy is associated with a high incidence of fetal and maternal complications, essentially neonatal hypocalcemia. In utero death is rare but has been reported. Calcium metabolism during pregnancy is dependent on PTHrp. The surgical option is usually taken during the second trimester but can only be proposed during the third trimester in the event of medically resistant hypercalcemia.},
}
@article {pmid15221244,
year = {2004},
author = {Nishiura, JL and Campos, AH and Boim, MA and Heilberg, IP and Schor, N},
title = {Phyllanthus niruri normalizes elevated urinary calcium levels in calcium stone forming (CSF) patients.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {32},
number = {5},
pages = {362-366},
pmid = {15221244},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Adult ; Brazil ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/*urine ; Citric Acid/urine ; Female ; Freeze Drying ; Humans ; Magnesium/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; *Phyllanthus ; Phytotherapy/*methods ; Plant Extracts/*therapeutic use ; Potassium/urine ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium/urine ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/urine ; },
abstract = {Phyllanthus niruri is a plant used for years in Brazil to treat urinary calculi. We prospectively evaluated the effect of P. niruri intake on 24 h urinary biochemical parameters in an attempt to assess its in vivo effect in calcium stone forming (CSF) patients. A total of 69 CSF patients (39 males and 30 females, 38+/-8 years old) were randomized to take either P. niruri (n=33) (450 mg capsules, td) or placebo (n=36) for 3 months. Blood calcium, uric acid, citrate, magnesium, oxalate, sodium and potassium were determined at baseline and at the end of the study. A subset analysis was made in patients classified according to the presence of metabolic abnormalities (hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia and hypomagnesiuria). Overall, there were no significant differences in the mean values of urinary parameters between the urine samples before and after P. niruri intake, except for a slight reduction in mean urinary magnesium after P. niruri, which was within the normal range. However, in the subset analysis, we observed that P. niruri induced a significant reduction in the mean urinary calcium in hypercalciuric patients (4.8+/-1.0 vs 3.4+/-1.1 mg/kg/24 h, P<0.05). In this short-term follow-up, no significant differences in calculi voiding and/or pain relief between the groups taking P. niruri or the placebo were detected. Our data suggest that P. niruri intake reduces urinary calcium based on the analysis of a subset of patients presenting with hypercalciuria. Larger trials including primary hypercalciuric stone formers should be performed in order to confirm these findings and to determine the possible clinical consequences of urinary calcium reduction during P. niruri administration.},
}
@article {pmid15211456,
year = {2004},
author = {Shey, J and Cameron, MA and Sakhaee, K and Moe, OW},
title = {Recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis associated with primary aldosteronism.},
journal = {American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {e7-12},
doi = {10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.03.037},
pmid = {15211456},
issn = {1523-6838},
support = {M01-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-DK20543/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01-DK48482/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; T32 DK07257-23/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adrenal Gland Diseases/complications/diagnostic imaging ; Adrenal Glands/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Adrenalectomy ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Citrates/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism/*complications ; Hyperplasia/diagnostic imaging ; Hypertension/complications ; Hypokalemia/complications ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {Typical manifestations of hyperaldosteronism include salt retention, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. However, a consequence infrequently recognized and described is hypocitraturia. In combination with hypercalciuria, aldosterone-induced hypocitraturia can trigger calcium nephrolithiasis. The authors report a case of an individual with primary hyperaldosteronism from an adrenal adenoma that resulted in hypocitraturia. The patient had severe recurrent renal calcium calculi that corrected with adrenalectomy. The clinical physiology of renal calcium and citrate handling in hyperaldosteronism is reviewed.},
}
@article {pmid15207250,
year = {2004},
author = {Parody, TR and Stone, MJ},
title = {High level expression, activation, and antagonism of CC chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR3 in Chinese hamster ovary cells.},
journal = {Cytokine},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {38-46},
doi = {10.1016/j.cyto.2004.03.013},
pmid = {15207250},
issn = {1043-4666},
support = {GM 55055/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; CHO Cells ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chemokine CCL11 ; Chemokine CCL2/pharmacology/physiology ; Chemokine CCL26 ; Chemokines/*pharmacology/physiology ; Chemokines, CC/pharmacology/physiology ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Radioligand Assay ; Receptors, CCR2 ; Receptors, CCR3 ; Receptors, Chemokine/*agonists/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; },
abstract = {The specificity of leukocyte trafficking in inflammation is controlled by the interactions of chemokines with chemokine receptors. Reliable structure-function studies of chemokine-receptor interactions would benefit from cell lines that express consistent high levels of chemokine receptors. We describe herein two new Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines in which the genes for chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR3 have been incorporated into identical positions in the host genome. CCR2 is the primary receptor for the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) whereas CCR3 is the primary receptor for the chemokines eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3. Both receptors are expressed at >5,000,000 copies per cell, substantially higher levels than in previous cell lines, and both are competent for binding and activation by the cognate chemokines for these receptors. Using these cell lines we confirm that eotaxin-1 and eotaxin-3 can act as an agonist and an antagonist, respectively, of CCR2. In addition, we show that eotaxin-2 is an antagonist of CCR2 and MCP-1 is an agonist of CCR3. Comparison of the chemokine sequences reveals several positions that are identical in MCP-1 and eotaxin-1 but different in eotaxin-2 and eotaxin-3, suggesting that these amino acids play a role in CCR2 activation.},
}
@article {pmid15204429,
year = {2004},
author = {Osther, PJ and Engel, K and Kildeberg, P},
title = {Renal response to acute acid loading--an organ physiological approach.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {62-68},
doi = {10.1080/00365590310018838},
pmid = {15204429},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Acid-Base Equilibrium/physiology ; Acid-Base Imbalance/diagnosis/*prevention &amp; control ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Ammonium Chloride/*administration &amp; dosage/*pharmacokinetics ; Cross-Over Studies ; History, 16th Century ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Reference Values ; Risk Assessment ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urinalysis ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In previous studies of the renal response to acute NH4Cl acidosis no correlation was found between systemic acid-base status and the traditionally used quantity, renal net acid excretion (NAE). If NAE is to be considered a physiologically meaningful quantity then this is surprising, as the extracellular acid-base status would be expected to be the key physiological trigger for renal NAE. The object of this study was to investigate the renal response to acute non-carbonic acid loading using a quantitative organ physiological approach.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five-h NH4Cl loading studies were performed in 10 healthy men using a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Arterialized capillary blood, serum and urine were collected hourly during the loading studies for the measurement of electrolytes and acid-base status. Concentrations of non-metabolizable base (NB) and acid (NA) were calculated from measured concentrations of non-metabolizable ions according to Kildeberg.<br><br>RESULTS: In the steady state (placebo) the rate of renal excretion of NA (=-NB) was close to zero, indicating that the net extrarenal input of NA (endogeneous production, gastrointestinal absorption. skeletal release, etc.) was likewise about zero. An inverse correlation was found between blood pH and the rate of renal excretion of NA. Only a small amount of the acid load (approximately 8%) was excreted during the 5-h study period and this was accompanied by massive calciuria, indicating that mobilization of NB from bone contributed substantially to the current net extrarenal NA input.<br><br>CONCLUSION: From a physiological point of view, NB can be regarded as the actual substrate for renal acid-base control, and measurement of renal turnover of NB may give a more precise description of renal acid-base metabolism during acid loading than previously described methods.},
}
@article {pmid15149366,
year = {2004},
author = {Floege, J},
title = {When man turns to stone: extraosseous calcification in uremic patients.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {65},
number = {6},
pages = {2447-2462},
doi = {10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00664.x},
pmid = {15149366},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Calcinosis/diagnosis/*etiology/prevention &amp; control/therapy ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Uremia/*complications ; },
}
@article {pmid15027893,
year = {2004},
author = {Sayer, JA and Carr, G and Simmons, NL},
title = {Nephrocalcinosis: molecular insights into calcium precipitation within the kidney.},
journal = {Clinical science (London, England : 1979)},
volume = {106},
number = {6},
pages = {549-561},
doi = {10.1042/CS20040048},
pmid = {15027893},
issn = {0143-5221},
mesh = {Bartter Syndrome/complications ; Biological Transport/physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chemical Precipitation ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/complications ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/complications ; Kidney Medulla/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Nephrocalcinosis/*etiology/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Nephrocalcinosis may be defined as a generalized increase in the calcium content of the kidneys. This renal calcification may occur at a molecular, microscopic or macroscopic level leading to progressive amounts of renal damage. The major causes include those associated with an increase in urinary levels of calcium, oxalate and phosphate. Under these conditions, urine concentration and supersaturation leads to calcium crystal precipitation, which may be an intratubular event or initiate within the renal interstitium. The focus of discussion concerning renal calcification is often limited to factors that lead to renal stones (calculi and nephrolithiasis); however, nephrocalcinosis is a more sinister event, and often implies a serious metabolic defect. This review will discuss the hypotheses concerning initiating lesions of nephrocalcinosis using available laboratory and clinical studies and will examine whether new understanding of the molecular basis of tubulopathies, that lead to nephrocalcinosis, has given further insights.},
}
@article {pmid15015063,
year = {2004},
author = {Alon, US and Zimmerman, H and Alon, M},
title = {Evaluation and treatment of pediatric idiopathic urolithiasis-revisited.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {19},
number = {5},
pages = {516-520},
pmid = {15015063},
issn = {0931-041X},
mesh = {Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diet ; Disease Progression ; Drinking ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Patient Compliance ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging/diet therapy/*therapy ; },
abstract = {The objective of the study was to update the evaluation and treatment of idiopathic urolithiasis in children in Western society. A secondary goal was to evaluate patients' compliance with high fluid intake. Over 2 years we prospectively studied children referred to us for idiopathic urolithiasis confirmed radiographically, excluding those with secondary disorders. A metabolic urinalysis, which included calcium, citrate, uric acid, oxalate, cystine, and creatinine, was ordered in all patients. Hypercalciuric patients were first treated with a low-sodium (Na)/high-potassium (K) diet and if hypercalciuria persisted, thiazides or potassium citrate was added. Follow-up ultrasound scans were scheduled every 10-12 months. Urine specific gravity (SG) measured during clinic visits was used to assess compliance with high fluid intake. A survey was sent to pediatric urologists and nephrologists to establish a recommended maximal SG value. Thirty healthy school-aged children served as controls. There were 45 children (24 males, 21 females) aged 10.4+/-2.0 years (median 11.0) studied. Stones were retrieved and analyzed in 28 showing calcium composition in all. Urine chemistry analysis was incomplete in 3, and in the others showed hypercalciuria in 33 (78.6%), hypocitraturia in 1 (2.4%), and normal values in 8 (19.0%). Treatment of 33 hypercalciuric patients consisted of diet alone in 13, potassium citrate in 17, thiazides in 2, and potassium citrate and thiazide in 1. All 33 achieved normocalciuria, apart from 2 who remained mildly hypercalciuric on diet alone. The 12 normocalciuric children were treated by diet modification alone. Follow-up ultrasonography showed no new stones in 36 of 39 patients. In 3, new stone formation was associated with recurrence of hypercalciuria after the potassium citrate dose was lowered or discontinued. Upon their first clinic visit, the urine SG of stone formers (1.021+/-0.007) was significantly higher than the maximum SG recommended by 18 physicians of 1.010+/-0.003 (P<0.001), and not different from the SG in the control group (1.018+/-0.007). Urine SG at follow-up visits was unchanged in stone formers. We therefore propose a step-wise approach in evaluating children with idiopathic urolithiasis in Western society, in which first only urine calcium is studied. Only if urine calcium is normal, should other chemistries be studied. In many hypercalciuric children, low-Na/high-K diet alone is effective, while in most others the addition of potassium citrate is well tolerated, normalizes calciuria, and protects against new stone formation. Children rarely comply with the recommendation of high fluid intake.},
}
@article {pmid14974568,
year = {2004},
author = {Funaba, M and Uchiyama, A and Takahashi, K and Kaneko, M and Yamamoto, H and Namikawa, K and Iriki, T and Hatano, Y and Abe, M},
title = {Evaluation of effects of dietary carbohydrate on formation of struvite crystals in urine and macromineral balance in clinically normal cats.},
journal = {American journal of veterinary research},
volume = {65},
number = {2},
pages = {138-142},
doi = {10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.138},
pmid = {14974568},
issn = {0002-9645},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Cats ; Crystallization ; Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Magnesium Compounds/metabolism/*urine ; Phosphates/metabolism/*urine ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Struvite ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of dietary carbohydrate on urine volume; struvite crystal formation; and calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium balance in clinically normal cats.<br><br>ANIMALS: 21 healthy adult cats (15 sexually intact males and 6 sexually intact females).<br><br>PROCEDURE: Diets containing no carbohydrate source (control diet), control plus starch, or control plus fiber were given in a 3 X 3 Latin-square design. The diets were available ad libitum in study 1 (n = 12) and given under restrictions in study 2 (9) to equalize daily intakes of crude protein among the 3 groups. Formation of struvite crystals and balance of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were measured.<br><br>RESULTS: Urine volume was lower in the starch group and fiber group in study 1, whereas no differences were detected among the groups in study 2. Urinary pH and struvite activity product were higher in the starch group in both studies, and the fiber group also had higher struvite activity product in study 2. In both studies, urinary concentrations of HCl-insoluble sediment were higher in the starch group and fiber group. In the fiber group, a net loss of body calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium was detected in study 2.<br><br>Starch and fiber in diets potentially stimulate formation of struvite crystals. Hence, reducing dietary carbohydrate is desirable to prevent struvite urolith formation. In addition, a net loss of body calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium during feeding of the fiber diet suggests that dietary inclusion of insoluble fiber could increase macromineral requirements of cats.},
}
@article {pmid14732909,
year = {2003},
author = {Tosetto, E and Anglani, F and Graziotto, R and Citron, L and D'Angelo, A and Gambaro, G},
title = {[Dent's disease: hereditary nephrolithiasis related to defective tubular endocytosis processes].},
journal = {Giornale italiano di nefrologia : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di nefrologia},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {578-588},
pmid = {14732909},
issn = {0393-5590},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells/ultrastructure ; Chloride Channels/analysis/physiology ; Endocytosis ; Fanconi Syndrome/complications/*genetics/metabolism/physiopathology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*genetics/metabolism/physiopathology/therapy ; Kidney Tubules/*physiopathology ; Renal Insufficiency/etiology ; },
abstract = {Dent's disease, a X-linked hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis, is caused by mutations of the CLCN5 gene. The disease is characterised by low molecular weight proteinuria with variable presence of hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia, nephrocalcinosis, and kidney stones. CLCN5 encodes a chloride channel belonging to the voltage-gated chloride channel family, which is predominantly expressed in the endosomes of proximal tubular cells. By shunting the current of electrogenic H+-ATPase, ClC-5 is crucial for efficient acidification of renal endosomes. As shown in knock-out mouse models, the ClC-5 loss of function causes severe impairment of receptor-mediated endocytosis, as well as the endocytotic retrieval of plasma membrane proteins including megalin. In a minority of patients with classical Dent's disease, the analysis of CLCN5 coding sequences failed to identify causative mutations. It is conceivable that mutations in the 5' upstream regulatory regions could impair the correct processing and translation of CLCN5. The complexity of its promoter region seems to support this hypothesis. Molecular diagnosis of Dent's disease is now available; since the risk of developing renal insufficiency in adult life is elevated for this type of nephrolithiasis, the correct diagnosis could potentially modify the natural history of the disease by preventing the evolution towards uraemia.},
}
@article {pmid14729153,
year = {2003},
author = {Wilson, RW and Grosell, M},
title = {Intestinal bicarbonate secretion in marine teleost fish-source of bicarbonate, pH sensitivity, and consequences for whole animal acid-base and calcium homeostasis.},
journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta},
volume = {1618},
number = {2},
pages = {163-174},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbamem.2003.09.014},
pmid = {14729153},
issn = {0006-3002},
mesh = {Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/metabolism ; Calcium Chloride ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Carbon Dioxide/blood/metabolism ; Epithelium/metabolism ; Flounder/blood/*metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intestinal Mucosa/*metabolism ; Perfusion ; Seawater ; },
abstract = {Whole animal studies using seawater European flounder (Platichthys flesus) revealed that increasing intestinal [Ca(2+)] to 20 mM stimulated net HCO(3)(-) base secretion by 57%, but this was effectively balanced by an increase in net acid secretion, likely from the gills, to maintain whole animal acid-base status. Higher Ca(2+) concentrations (40 and 70 mM) in ambient seawater resulted in reduced plasma total CO(2). This indicates (1) imperfect acid-base compensation, and (2) that endogenous metabolic CO(2) is insufficient to fuel intestinal HCO(3)(-) secretion, under hyper-stimulated conditions. Bicarbonate secretion plays an important role in preventing calcium absorption by precipitating a large fraction of the imbibed calcium as CaCO(3). Indeed, under high Ca(2+) conditions (20 mM), up to 75% of the intestinal Ca(2+) is precipitated as CaCO(3) and then excreted. This is undoubtedly important in protecting the marine teleost kidney from the need for excessive calcium excretion and risk of renal stone formation. Using an in vitro pH-stat technique with the isolated intestinal epithelium, the replacement of serosal CO(2) with a HEPES buffered saline had no effect on HCO(3)(-) secretion, indicating that the endogenous supply of HCO(3)(-) from CO(2) hydration within epithelial cells is adequate for driving baseline secretion rates. Further, in vitro data demonstrated a stimulatory effect of low pH on intestinal HCO(3)(-) secretion. Thus, both luminal Ca(2+) and H(+) can regulate HCO(3)(-) secretion but the precise mechanisms and their potential interaction are currently unresolved.},
}
@article {pmid14717005,
year = {2003},
author = {Martola, L and Elinder, CG and Stenvinkel, P},
title = {[Why do patients with kidney diseases end up with a heart of stone? Disturbances in calcium-phosphate balance and chronic inflammation important causes].},
journal = {Lakartidningen},
volume = {100},
number = {50},
pages = {4180-4183},
pmid = {14717005},
issn = {0023-7205},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcinosis/*etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cardiomyopathies/*etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Cardiovascular Diseases/*etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Coronary Artery Disease/etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation/complications/drug therapy ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*complications/metabolism/therapy ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {Despite rapid improvement in dialysis technology during the last 20 years the mortality rate is still very high in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and is in fact comparable to that of many cancer patients with metastases. The main cause of mortality in ESRD is cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cardiac mortality for dialysis patients aged 45 years or younger is more than 100-fold greater than in the general population. Recent evidence suggests that the high cardiovascular mortality rate in this patient population is associated with extensive vascular and valvular calcification. Although hyperphosphatemia may be the major cause of vascular calcification in this patient group it has been suggested that chronic inflammation also contributes to this process. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that inflammatory mediators, such as pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipocytokines, may promote vascular calcification in vitro. Moreover, a2-Heremans Schmid glycoprotein (fetuin), an intrinsic inhibitor of the calcification process, is down-regulated during chronic inflammation. Lower levels of fetuin have recently been found to predict mortality in ESRD. Thus, further studies are needed to elucidate the roles of calcium-free phosphate binders as well as focused anti-inflammatory treatment strategies in the prevention of vascular and valvular calcification in ESRD.},
}
@article {pmid14670550,
year = {2003},
author = {Moyad, MA},
title = {The potential benefits of dietary and/or supplemental calcium and vitamin D.},
journal = {Urologic oncology},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {384-391},
doi = {10.1016/s1078-1439(03)00108-x},
pmid = {14670550},
issn = {1078-1439},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Colonic Neoplasms/prevention &amp; control ; Diabetes Mellitus/prevention &amp; control ; *Dietary Supplements ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Kidney/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/metabolism ; Vitamin D/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Osteoporosis is a significant problem in women and men. In addition, as osteoporosis has garnered more attention there should be more attention than ever placed on the potential benefits of calcium and vitamin D. Clinicians need to inform patients that there are numerous healthy dietary sources of calcium and vitamin D. Calcium and vitamin D supplements seem to act synergistically to reduce fracture risk in men and women; therefore, they need to be taken together to impact fracture risk. In addition, almost every randomized trial of an effective osteoporosis drug therapy has utilized calcium and vitamin D to enhance the efficacy of the drug itself. Several forms of calcium supplements are commercially available today and clinicians need to understand the similarities and differences between them. Calcium and vitamin D in moderation also have a good safety profile and may actually have benefits far beyond osteoporosis therapy. For example, calcium may increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL), prevent colon polyps, reduce blood pressure, reduce kidney stone recurrence, and may promote weight loss. Vitamin D may reduce the risk of some cancers, provide an enhanced response to some chemotherapeutic agents, prevent type I diabetes, and may reduce tooth loss along with calcium. Clinicians need to encourage individuals to receive the recommended daily allowance of these two agents because they seem to have an impact on numerous health conditions besides osteoporosis.},
}
@article {pmid14663633,
year = {2004},
author = {Lieske, JC and Farell, G and Deganello, S},
title = {The effect of ions at the surface of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals on cell-crystal interactions.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {117-123},
pmid = {14663633},
issn = {0300-5623},
support = {R01 DK 53399/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R21 DK 60707/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Cell Adhesion/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Crystallization ; Dogs ; Epithelial Cells/*drug effects/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Ions/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Kidney/cytology ; Magnesium/metabolism/pharmacology ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Magnesium is an abundant ion in biologic systems, including renal tubular fluid; however, the precise role of magnesium during the interaction of calcium oxalate crystals with cells has not been previously defined. In addition, the respective roles of calcium and hydrogen ions during the cell-crystal bonding interaction remain poorly defined. Here we report an atomic level three-dimensional study of a single crystal of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM; whewellite) which was bathed in a solution of magnesium hexahydrate for 1 year. Magnesium was not incorporated into the structure of whewellite to any significant degree. Instead, COM accepted magnesium primarily as an adsorbate in a binding configuration which, as a surface phenomenon, is controlled by localized charge effects. The effect of magnesium and calcium on the efficiency of calcium oxalate crystal binding to renal cells was also investigated. When present in supraphysiologic concentrations (greater than 0.1 M), magnesium progressively inhibited adhesion of pre-formed COM crystals to cultured renal cells. Therefore, even though magnesium does not incorporate into the crystal structure of calcium oxalate, magnesium can exert important surface effects and change the interaction of pre-formed COM with molecules anchored on the cell surface. Similarly, binding was nearly blocked when the exogenous calcium concentration was > or =0.1 M (supraphysiologic range), although in lower concentrations (within the physiologic range) exogenous calcium promoted crystal adhesion. Finally, the ambient hydrogen ion concentration also influenced calcium oxalate crystal interactions with renal cells, with maximal binding occurring at a pH of 4. Therefore, hypercalciuria and/or an acidic urine could each promote renal stone formation via increased crystal adhesion to renal cells, a previously under-appreciated potential mechanism.},
}
@article {pmid14638914,
year = {2003},
author = {Asselman, M and Verhulst, A and De Broe, ME and Verkoelen, CF},
title = {Calcium oxalate crystal adherence to hyaluronan-, osteopontin-, and CD44-expressing injured/regenerating tubular epithelial cells in rat kidneys.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {3155-3166},
doi = {10.1097/01.asn.0000099380.18995.f7},
pmid = {14638914},
issn = {1046-6673},
mesh = {Adhesiveness ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Hyaluronan Receptors/*biosynthesis ; Hyaluronic Acid/*biosynthesis ; Kidney/*physiology ; Kidney Tubules/cytology/pathology ; Male ; Osteopontin ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; *Regeneration ; Sialoglycoproteins/*biosynthesis ; Urothelium/cytology ; },
abstract = {Retention of crystals in the kidney is an essential early step in renal stone formation. Studies with renal tubular cells in culture indicate that hyaluronan (HA) and osteopontin (OPN) and their mutual cell surface receptor CD44 play an important role in calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal binding during wound healing. This concept was investigated in vivo by treating rats for 1, 4, and 8 d with ethylene glycol (0.5 and 0.75%) in their drinking water to induce renal tubular cell damage and CaOx crystalluria. Tubular injury was morphologically scored on periodic acid-Schiff-stained renal tissue sections and tissue repair assessed by immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. CaOx crystals were visualized in periodic acid-Schiff-stained sections by polarized light microscopy, and renal calcium deposits were quantified with von Kossa staining. HA was visualized with HA-binding protein and OPN and CD44 immunohistochemically with specific antibodies and quantified with an image analyzer system. Already after 1 d of treatment, both concentrations of ethylene glycol induced hyperoxaluria and CaOx crystalluria. At this point, there was neither tubular injury nor crystal retention in the kidney, and expression of HA, OPN, and CD44 was comparable to untreated controls. After 4 and 8 d of ethylene glycol, however, intratubular crystals were found adhered to injured/regenerating (proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive) tubular epithelial cells, expressing HA, OPN, and CD44 at their luminal membrane. In conclusion, the expression of HA, OPN, and CD44 by injured/regenerating tubular cells seems to play a role in retention of crystals in the rat kidney.},
}
@article {pmid14555462,
year = {2004},
author = {Brown, DM and Donaldson, K and Borm, PJ and Schins, RP and Dehnhardt, M and Gilmour, P and Jimenez, LA and Stone, V},
title = {Calcium and ROS-mediated activation of transcription factors and TNF-alpha cytokine gene expression in macrophages exposed to ultrafine particles.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology},
volume = {286},
number = {2},
pages = {L344-53},
doi = {10.1152/ajplung.00139.2003},
pmid = {14555462},
issn = {1040-0605},
mesh = {Acetylcysteine/*analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; Air Pollutants/immunology/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium Signaling/drug effects/immunology ; Carbon/immunology/pharmacology ; Chelating Agents/pharmacology ; Egtazic Acid/*analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; Gene Expression/immunology ; Lysine/*analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; Macrophages, Alveolar/immunology/*metabolism ; Male ; Particle Size ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reactive Oxygen Species/immunology/*metabolism ; Transcription Factor AP-1/*metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*genetics/metabolism ; Verapamil/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Ultrafine (Uf) particles are a component of particulate air pollution suggested to be responsible for the health effects associated with elevations of this pollutant. We have previously suggested that Uf particles, through the induction of oxidative stress, may induce inflammation in the lung, thus exacerbating preexisting illness in susceptible individuals. Alveolar macrophages are considered to play a key role in particlemediated inflammation and lung disease. The effect of Uf particles on rat alveolar macrophages and human blood monocytes was investigated with reference to the roles of calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS). TNF-alpha protein release, intracellular calcium concentration, TNF-alpha mRNA expression, and transcription factor activation were studied as end points after treatment of rat alveolar macrophages or peripheral blood monocytes. The calcium channel blocker verapamil, the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM, the calmodulin inhibitor W-7, and the antioxidants Trolox and Nacystelin (NAL) were included in combination with Uf particles. Verapamil reduced intracellular calcium concentration in rat alveolar macrophages on stimulation with Uf particles. This effect was also apparent with transcription factor AP-1 activation. All antagonists and antioxidants reduced Uf-stimulated nuclear localization of the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappaB in human monocytes. Verapamil, BAPTA-AM, and NAL reduced Uf-stimulated TNF-alpha protein release, whereas only verapamil reduced Uf-stimulated mRNA expression in rat alveolar macrophages. In human monocytes, verapamil, Trolox, BAPTA-AM, and W-7 reduced Uf-stimulated TNF-alpha protein release. These findings suggest that Uf particles may exert proinflammatory effects by modulating intracellular calcium concentrations, activation of transcription factors, and cytokine production through a ROS-mediated mechanism.},
}
@article {pmid12840072,
year = {2003},
author = {South, AP and Wan, H and Stone, MG and Dopping-Hepenstal, PJ and Purkis, PE and Marshall, JF and Leigh, IM and Eady, RA and Hart, IR and McGrath, JA},
title = {Lack of plakophilin 1 increases keratinocyte migration and reduces desmosome stability.},
journal = {Journal of cell science},
volume = {116},
number = {Pt 16},
pages = {3303-3314},
doi = {10.1242/jcs.00636},
pmid = {12840072},
issn = {0021-9533},
mesh = {3T3 Cells ; Animals ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion/physiology ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Movement/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Desmoglein 3 ; Desmoplakins ; Desmosomes/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Keratinocytes/cytology/*metabolism ; Keratins/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Plakophilins ; Proteins/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Skin/cytology/*metabolism ; Skin Diseases/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; beta Catenin ; },
abstract = {Ablation of the desmosomal plaque component plakophilin 1 underlies the autosomal recessive genodermatosis, skin fragility-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome (OMIM 604536). Skin from affected patients is thickened with increased scale, and there is loss of adhesion between adjacent keratinocytes, which exhibit few small, poorly formed desmosomes. To investigate further the influence of plakophilin 1 on keratinocyte adhesion and desmosome morphology, we compared plakophilin 1-deficient keratinocytes (vector controls) with those expressing recombinant plakophilin 1 introduced by retroviral transduction. We found that plakophilin 1 increases desmosomal protein content within the cell rather than enhancing transcriptional levels of desmosomal genes. Re-expression of plakophilin 1 in null cells retards cell migration but does not alter keratinocyte cell growth. Confluent sheets of plakophilin 1-deficient keratinocytes display fewer calcium-independent desmosomes than do plakophilin 1-deficient keratinocytes expressing recombinant plakophilin 1 or keratinocytes expressing endogenous plakophilin 1. In addition electron microscopy studies show that re-expression of plakophilin 1 affects desmosome size and number. Collectively, these results demonstrate that restoration of plakophilin 1 function in our culture system influences the transition of desmosomes from a calcium-dependent to a calcium-independent state and this correlates with altered keratinocyte migration in response to wounding. Thus, plakophilin 1 has a key role in increasing desmosomal protein content, in desmosome assembly, and in regulating cell migration.},
}
@article {pmid12830451,
year = {2003},
author = {Gibney, EM and Goldfarb, DS},
title = {The association of nephrolithiasis with cystic fibrosis.},
journal = {American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation},
volume = {42},
number = {1},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1016/s0272-6386(03)00403-7},
pmid = {12830451},
issn = {1523-6838},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Child ; Chloride Channels/metabolism ; Citrates/urine ; Colon/microbiology ; Crystallization ; Cystic Fibrosis/*complications/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/*etiology ; Malabsorption Syndromes/complications/metabolism ; Oxalobacter formigenes/metabolism ; Pancreatic Extracts/adverse effects ; Prevalence ; Rats ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is a growing body of evidence regarding the association between cystic fibrosis (CF) and nephrolithiasis and the role that Oxalobacter formigenes may have in that association.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a MEDLINE search of "cystic fibrosis and nephrolithiasis" and "Oxalobacter formigenes." Epidemiological and experimental evidence and possible mechanisms explaining the association were critically reviewed.<br><br>RESULTS: Of patients with CF, 3.0% to 6.3% are affected with nephrolithiasis, a percentage greater than that of age-matched controls without CF, in whom the rate is 1% to 2%. Studies have suggested possible mechanisms for the association, including hyperuricosuria, hyperoxaluria, primary defects in calcium handling caused by mutation of the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR), hypocitraturia, and lack of colonization with O formigenes, an enteric oxalate-degrading bacterium. The absence of colonization could be related to frequent courses of antibiotics.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Although the incidence of stones in patients with CF may be increased compared with controls without CF, many possible mechanisms are implicated. The relative contributions of these mechanisms remain uncertain. Future directions may include specific identification of lithogenic risks and therapy aimed at stone prevention in this population.},
}
@article {pmid12819244,
year = {2003},
author = {Hoopes, RR and Reid, R and Sen, S and Szpirer, C and Dixon, P and Pannett, AA and Thakker, RV and Bushinsky, DA and Scheinman, SJ},
title = {Quantitative trait loci for hypercalciuria in a rat model of kidney stone disease.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {14},
number = {7},
pages = {1844-1850},
doi = {10.1097/01.asn.0000073920.43848.a3},
pmid = {12819244},
issn = {1046-6673},
support = {DK 56788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK 57716/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers ; Genotype ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Phenotype ; *Quantitative Trait Loci ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria is the most common risk factor for kidney stones and has a recognized familial component. The genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rat is an animal model that closely resembles human idiopathic hypercalciuria, with excessive intestinal calcium absorption, increased bone resorption, and impaired renal calcium reabsorption; overexpression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in target tissues; and calcium nephrolithiasis. For identifying genetic loci that contribute to hypercalciuria in the GHS rat, an F2 generation of 156 rats bred from GHS female rats and normocalciuric WKY male rats was studied. The calcium excretion was six- to eightfold higher in the GHS female than in the WKY male progenitors. Selective genotyping of those F2 rats with the highest 30% and lowest 30% rates of calcium excretion was performed, scoring 98 markers with a mean interval of 23 cM across all 20 autosomes and the X chromosome. With the use of strict criteria for significance, significant linkage was found between hypercalciuria and a region of chromosome 1 at D1Rat169 (LOD, 2.91). Suggestive linkage to regions of chromosomes 4, 7, 10, and 14 was found. The proportion of phenotypic variance contributed by the region on chromosome 1, with appropriate adjustments, was estimated to be 7%. Candidate genes encoding the VDR and the calcium-sensing receptor were localized to regions on rat chromosomes 7 and 11, respectively, but the suggestive quantitative trait locus on chromosome 7 was not in the region of the VDR gene locus. Identification of genes that contribute to hypercalciuria in this animal model should prove valuable in understanding idiopathic hypercalciuria and kidney stone disease in humans.},
}
@article {pmid12814692,
year = {2003},
author = {Ozkaya, O and Söylemezoğlu, O and Misirlioğlu, M and Gönen, S and Buyan, N and Hasanoğlu, E},
title = {Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and the risk of calcium nephrolithiasis in children.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {44},
number = {1},
pages = {150-154},
doi = {10.1016/s0302-2838(03)00206-9},
pmid = {12814692},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Calcium Phosphates/*metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Confidence Intervals ; Female ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/*genetics ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Probability ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics ; Reference Values ; Risk Assessment ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sex Distribution ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Polymorphism in the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene has recently been reported to be associated with calcium metabolism disorders. This study was conducted to investigate the association of VDR gene polymorphism with the risk of calcium nephrolithiasis.<br><br>METHODS: We investigated the VDR ApaI, BsmI and TaqI polymorphisms, in relation to serum calcium, phosphate, intact parathyroid hormone and 1.25(OH)(2)D(3) in 64 hypercalciuric stone-forming children and 90 healthy children. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood, and genotyping was performed with PCR-based methods.<br><br>RESULTS: The frequency of ApaI AA genotype was significantly higher in the children with calcium nephrolithiasis than the controls (chi(2)=9.5; p=0.008). The distribution of BsmI and TaqI genotypes in stone-forming patients was similar to those in the control group. There was a significant association between TaqI TT genotype and the strength of the family history. The patients with TT genotype were observed to have a 8 times more risk than patients with Tt/tt genotype for recurrent stone episodes (OR 8, 95%CI 1.61-39.6).<br><br>CONCLUSION: VDR genotype determination may provide a tool to identify individuals who are at a risk for calcium nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid12797632,
year = {2003},
author = {Timio, F and Kerry, SM and Anson, KM and Eastwood, JB and Cappuccio, FP},
title = {Calcium urolithiasis, blood pressure and salt intake.},
journal = {Blood pressure},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {122-127},
doi = {10.1080/08037050310001084},
pmid = {12797632},
issn = {0803-7051},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Asian People ; Black People ; Blood Pressure/*physiology ; Body Mass Index ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications/drug therapy ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous ; Oxalates/blood ; Phosphates/blood ; *Sodium Chloride, Dietary ; Urinary Calculi/*physiopathology/therapy ; White People ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine whether stone-formers have higher BP than controls drawn from the general population and matched for age, sex and ethnic origin and to compare the relationship between sodium and calcium excretion in the two groups.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients [mean (+/-standard deviation, SD) = 49.0 +/- 11.7 years; range 27-70 years] with kidney or ureteric stones and 108 controls (mean age of 49.6 +/- 6.8 years; range 39-61 years), matched for gender, ethnic origin and age group were studied. Patients and controls underwent physical measurements, a venous blood sample and they were asked to collect a 24-h urine sample for sodium, potassium, calcium and creatinine.<br><br>RESULTS: Stone-formers were significantly heavier and had higher BP than age-, sex- and ethnic-matched population controls. Whilst the difference in systolic BP was independent of the difference in body mass index [16.8 mmHg (7.2-26.4 mmHg), p = 0.001), the difference in diastolic BP was attenuated after adjustment for body mass [1.8 (-3.4 to 7.1), p = 0.49]. Stone-formers passed less urine than controls [-438 ml/day (95% CI -852 to -25), p = 0.038]. They had higher urinary calcium than controls [+3.7 mmol/day (2.8-4.6 mmol/day), p < 0.001], even when expressed as ratio to creatinine [+0.20 (0.11-0.29), p < 0.001]. Sodium excretion was positively associated with urinary calcium in both stone-formers and in controls. The slopes were comparable (0.92 vs 0.98 mmol Ca/100 mmol Na) so that for any level of sodium excretion (or salt intake), stone-formers had a higher calcium excretion than controls.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In stone-formers, the BP is higher than in controls. Stone-formers excrete more calcium than controls do. In stone-formers and controls, the relationship between urinary sodium and calcium is similar. Since this relationship results from an effect of sodium on calcium, a reduction in salt intake may be a useful method of reducing urinary calcium excretion in stone-formers. However, the "relative" hypercalciuria seen in stone-formers is independent of salt intake and may well reflect an underlying genetic predisposition.},
}
@article {pmid12768074,
year = {2003},
author = {Caudarella, R and Vescini, F and Buffa, A and Sinicropi, G and Rizzoli, E and La Manna, G and Stefoni, S},
title = {Bone mass loss in calcium stone disease: focus on hypercalciuria and metabolic factors.},
journal = {Journal of nephrology},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {260-266},
pmid = {12768074},
issn = {1121-8428},
mesh = {Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Bone Density/*physiology ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*diagnosis/epidemiology ; Calculi/*chemistry ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnosis/epidemiology ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology ; Probability ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Sex Distribution ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Several authors have observed that idiopathic calcium stone formers show a bone mass reduction, which is more evident in those with idiopathic hypercalciuria. The aim of this work was the evaluation of osteopenia and osteoporosis rate in a group of idiopathic calcium stone formers. The influence of hypercalciuria, nutritional factors and anthropometric parameters on bone mass was evaluated in these patients as well.<br><br>METHODS: We enrolled 196 idiopathic calcium stone formers; 102 males, and 94 females. All subjects underwent a metabolic study. BMC and BMD were evaluated as well as QUS.<br><br>RESULTS: Males showed greater weight, height, BMI, densitometric values and plasma creatinine, uric acid, urea, sodium, magnesium, GFR and urinary osmolarity than females. Moreover males excreted more uric acid, urea, creatinine, sulphate, phosphate, oxalate and citrate than females. The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis, according to T-score, was 54% and 14% respectively. Hypercalciuria was demonstrated in 21.7% of the patients. Hypercalciuric men showed a higher excretion of urea, phosphate, sulphate and magnesium.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the importance of QUS in the evaluation of stone formers' bone mass. Anthropometric characteristics and dietary habits seem to play a role in bone loss. We did not demonstrate any influence of hypercalciuria on bone mass. Although the pathogenesis of bone loss in stone formers still remains unclear, it can be hypothesized that a slight degree of metabolic acidosis, probably of alimentary origin, may be involved in the reduction of bone mass.},
}
@article {pmid12757847,
year = {2003},
author = {Donaldson, K and Stone, V and Borm, PJ and Jimenez, LA and Gilmour, PS and Schins, RP and Knaapen, AM and Rahman, I and Faux, SP and Brown, DM and MacNee, W},
title = {Oxidative stress and calcium signaling in the adverse effects of environmental particles (PM10).},
journal = {Free radical biology &amp; medicine},
volume = {34},
number = {11},
pages = {1369-1382},
doi = {10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00150-3},
pmid = {12757847},
issn = {0891-5849},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling ; Environmental Pollutants/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Inflammation ; *Oxidative Stress ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; *Signal Transduction ; },
abstract = {This review focuses on the potential role that oxidative stress plays in the adverse effects of PM(10). The central hypothesis is that the ability of PM(10) to cause oxidative stress underlies the association between increased exposure to PM(10) and both exacerbations of lung disease and lung cancer. Pulmonary inflammation may also underlie the cardiovascular effects seen following increased PM(10), although the mechanisms of the cardiovascular effects of PM(10) are not well understood. PM(10) is a complex mix of various particle types and several of the components of PM(10) are likely to be involved in the induction of oxidative stress. The most likely of these are transition metals, ultrafine particle surfaces, and organic compounds. In support of this hypothesis, oxidative stress arising from PM(10) has been shown to activate a number of redox-responsive signaling pathways in lung target cells. These pathways are involved in expression of genes that play a role in responses relevant to inflammation and pathological change, including MAPKs, NF-kappaB, AP-1, and histone acetylation. Oxidative stress from particles is also likely to play an important role in the carcinogenic effects associated with PM(10) and hydroxyl radicals from PM(10) cause DNA damage in vitro.},
}
@article {pmid12748856,
year = {2003},
author = {Nijenhuis, T and Hoenderop, JG and Nilius, B and Bindels, RJ},
title = {(Patho)physiological implications of the novel epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6.},
journal = {Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology},
volume = {446},
number = {4},
pages = {401-409},
pmid = {12748856},
issn = {0031-6768},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*physiology ; Epithelial Cells/*physiology ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases/metabolism/*physiopathology ; TRPV Cation Channels ; },
abstract = {The epithelial Ca(2+) channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 constitute the apical Ca(2+) entry mechanism in active Ca(2+) (re)absorption. These two members of the superfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels were cloned from the vitamin-D-responsive epithelia of kidney and small intestine and subsequently identified in other tissues such as bone, pancreas and prostate. These channels are regulated by vitamin D as exemplified in animal models of vitamin-D-deficiency rickets. In addition, the epithelial Ca(2+) channels might be involved in the multifactorial pathogenesis of disorders ranging from idiopathic hypercalciuria, stone disease and postmenopausal osteoporosis. This review highlights the emerging (patho)physiological implications of these epithelial Ca(2+) channels.},
}
@article {pmid12719948,
year = {2003},
author = {Iida, S and Ishimatsu, M and Chikama, S and Inoue, M and Matsuoka, K and Akasu, T and Noda, S and Khan, SR},
title = {Protective role of heparin/heparan sulfate on oxalate-induced changes in cell morphology and intracellular Ca2+.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {198-206},
pmid = {12719948},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; *Cytoprotection ; Dogs ; Extracellular Fluid/metabolism ; Heparin/*pharmacology ; Heparitin Sulfate/*pharmacology ; Intracellular Membranes/*metabolism ; Kidney/drug effects/*metabolism/*pathology/physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/prevention &amp; control ; Microscopy, Electron ; },
abstract = {Alterations in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) are generally associated with cellular distress. Oxalate-induced cell injury of the renal epithelium plays an important role in promoting CaOx nephrolithiasis. However, the degree of change in intracellular free calcium ions in renal epithelial cells during oxalate exposure remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine whether acute short-term exposure to oxalate produces morphological changes in the cells, induces a change in cytosolic Ca2+ levels in renal tubular epithelial cells and whether the application of extracellular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) prevents these changes. Cultured Mardin-Darby canine kidney cells were exposed to oxalate, and changes in cytosolic Ca2+ were determined under various conditions. The effect of heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) during oxalate exposure was examined. The change in the GAG contents of the culture medium was also determined. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed for morphological analysis. The degree of change in cytosolic Ca2+ strongly correlated with oxalate concentration. Cytosolic Ca2+ levels decreased in parallel with an increase in the concentration of oxalate. However, this decrease was strongly inhibited by pretreatment with heparin or HS. TEM revealed cytoplasmic vacuolization, the appearance of flocculent material and mitochondrial damage after oxalate exposure. On the other hand, pretreatment with heparin or HS completely blocked these morphological changes. The present data suggest that acute exposure to a high concentration of oxalate challenges the renal cells, diminishes their viability and induces changes in cytosolic Ca2+ levels. Heparin and HS, which are known as potent inhibitors of CaOx crystallization, may also prevent oxalate-induced cell changes by stabilizing the cytosolic Ca2+ level.},
}
@article {pmid12719627,
year = {2003},
author = {Addae, JI and Youssef, FF and Stone, TW},
title = {Neuroprotective role of learning in dementia: a biological explanation.},
journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD},
volume = {5},
number = {2},
pages = {91-104},
doi = {10.3233/jad-2003-5204},
pmid = {12719627},
issn = {1387-2877},
mesh = {Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Cognition ; Dementia/*physiopathology/*prevention &amp; control ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Glutamic Acid/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; *Learning ; Long-Term Potentiation/*physiology ; Receptors, Glutamate/physiology ; },
abstract = {Several epidemiological studies have found an association between low educational level (or low cognitively demanding occupations) and dementia. Although other studies have not found evidence to support such an association, there has been a general trend toward a "use it or lose it" concept which attempts to promote a neuroprotective role of intellectual activity against the development of dementia. Formation of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) in the brain plays a key role in the development of Alzheimer's disease whilst glutamate has been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Abeta can mediate neurodegeneration by a complex interaction of neurodegenerative processes that involve increasing extracellular concentration of glutamate, increasing intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and apoptosis. Long-term potentiation (LTP, a biological correlate of learning and memory) increases the sensitivity of hippocampal neurons to synaptically released glutamate whilst decreasing responses of neurons to bath applied glutamate receptor agonists and to hypoxia/ischemia in vitro. The effects of LTP are likely to involve changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Based on these findings we are proposing that the LTP-induced neuroprotection in vitro may help explain the epidemiological evidence of a possible neuroprotective role of high intellectual activity against dementia.},
}
@article {pmid12700095,
year = {2003},
author = {Hossain, RZ and Ogawa, Y and Morozumi, M and Hokama, S and Sugaya, K},
title = {Milk and calcium prevent gastrointestinal absorption and urinary excretion of oxalate in rats.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioscience : a journal and virtual library},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {a117-25},
doi = {10.2741/1083},
pmid = {12700095},
issn = {1093-9946},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Tract/*physiology ; Intestinal Absorption/*physiology ; Male ; Milk/*metabolism ; Oxalates/*metabolism/*urine ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; },
abstract = {Dietary oxalate plays a very important role in the formation of calcium oxalate stones, and dietary intake of calcium may decrease oxalate absorption and its subsequent urinary excretion. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect on urinary oxalate excretion of an acute oral calcium load, standard milk, or high-calcium low-fat milk followed by a dose of oxalic acid. Male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. All animals were fasted for about 24 hours, anesthetized, and hydrated with normal saline at 3-4 mL/hour. Then the animals were given 1 mL of normal saline [Control], 10 mg (111.1 micromol) of oxalic acid [Ox alone], 2 mL of standard milk (calcium: 1.16 mg or 29 micromol/mL) [NCa milk], 2 mL of high-calcium low-fat milk (calcium: 2.05 mg or 51.3 micromol/mL) [HCa milk], equimolar calcium (4.44 mg or 111 micromol) followed by 10 mg of oxalic acid [Ca + Ox], 2 mL of high-calcium low-fat milk followed by 10 mg of oxalic acid [HCa milk + Ox], or 2 mL of standard milk followed by 10 mg of oxalic acid [NCa milk + Ox]. All treatments were administered via a gastrostomy. Urine samples were collected by bladder puncture just before administration and at hourly intervals up to 5 hours afterwards. Urinary oxalate was measured by capillary electrophoresis, while urinary calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were measured by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Urinary oxalate excretion peaked at 1 hour in the Ox alone group, while it peaked at 2 or 3 hours in the Ca + Ox, HCa milk + Ox, and NCa milk + Ox groups. Urinary oxalate excretion decreased significantly when 10 mg of oxalate was administered immediately after the administration of equimolar calcium, high-calcium low-fat milk, or standard milk. The cumulative urinary oxalate excretion over 5 hours was approximately 13.6%, 3.5%, 1.6%, and 2.4% in the Ox alone, Ca + Ox, HCa milk + Ox, and NCa milk + Ox groups, respectively. In conclusions, this study demonstrated that calcium salt, or dairy products containing calcium (especially high-calcium low-fat milk) could decrease the gastrointestinal absorption and subsequent urinary excretion of oxalate.},
}
@article {pmid12674322,
year = {2003},
author = {Silva, IV and Cebotaru, V and Wang, H and Wang, XT and Wang, SS and Guo, G and Devuyst, O and Thakker, RV and Guggino, WB and Guggino, SE},
title = {The ClC-5 knockout mouse model of Dent's disease has renal hypercalciuria and increased bone turnover.},
journal = {Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {615-623},
doi = {10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.4.615},
pmid = {12674322},
issn = {0884-0431},
support = {DK32753/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK43423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Biomarkers ; Bone Remodeling/*genetics/physiology ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/*metabolism/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Chloride Channels/*deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Femur/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/urine ; },
abstract = {Dent's disease is a nephrolithiasis disorder associated with hypercalciuria and low molecular weight proteinuria that is caused by mutations in the voltage-gated chloride channel ClC-5. Because the exact cause of hypercalciuria in this disease is unknown and could come from a renal, intestinal, or bone origin, we have investigated overall calcium handling in the ClC-5 knockout mouse (ClC-5 KO). On a high calcium diet, ClC-5 KO mice had elevated serum 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha,25D3), alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin (OC), and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD), but serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and intestinal calcium uptake was similar to that of wild-type (WT) mice. A 30-fold decrease in dietary calcium intake caused elevation of serum PTH and urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate in ClC-5 KO mice and decreased the renal calcium excretion, which still remained 2-fold above that of WT mice. On this low calcium diet, both groups of mice had the same serum 1alpha,25D3, with similar increments in intestinal calcium absorption, serum AP, OC, and urinary DPD. These data indicate that the hypercalciuria in the ClC-5 KO mice on low and high calcium diets is of bone and renal origin and is not caused by increased intestinal calcium absorption, despite an elevated serum 1alpha,25D3. These mice data suggest that young patients with this disease may have a propensity for altered bone homeostasis that should be monitored clinically.},
}
@article {pmid12667724,
year = {2003},
author = {Baumann, JM and Affolter, B and Caprez, U and Henze, U},
title = {Calcium oxalate aggregation in whole urine, new aspects of calcium stone formation and metaphylaxis.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {43},
number = {4},
pages = {421-425},
doi = {10.1016/s0302-2838(03)00058-7},
pmid = {12667724},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism/urine ; *Crystallization ; Durapatite/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Reference Values ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spectrophotometry ; Urinary Calculi/*chemistry/physiopathology/*urine ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of pH, Ca(2+)-concentration, hydroxyapatite (HAP) and preformed calcium oxalate (CaOx) aggregates on the aggregation (AGN) of CaOx crystals directly produced in unpretreated whole urine (U) by oxalate loads (OL).<br><br>METHODS: After OL at pH 5.0 and pH 6.5 minimal sedimentation time of precipitates (ST = minutes for 0.05 optical density [OD] decrease) was measured in 40 U of 5 healthy men by spectrophotometry. An ST(P) (< or =2.8) was taken as indicator for primary AGN and an ST(S) (< or =1.4) as one for secondary AGN. In 20 U Ca(2+) was determined initially, Ca(2+) at pH 6.5 was readjusted by adding CaCl(2) to the value measured at pH 5.0 and an OL of 1.5mM performed. OL of 0.25-0.75 mM were given to 20 U either with 0.05 mg/ml HAP or after a primary OL of 2mM.<br><br>RESULTS: Alkalinization of U from pH 5.0 to 6.5 decreased Ca(2+) by 44+/-15% (mean+/-S.D.) and, in U with total Ca <3mM, below a crucial value of 1mM where no ST(P) was observed. At identical Ca(2+), pH had no influence on ST. With HAP, an ST(P) was found after an OL of 0.5mM in 10% and of 0.75 mM in 35%, predominantly at pH 5.0. An ST(S) was observed after a second OL of 0.5mM in 55% and of 0.7 5mM in 75% of experiments.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Provided that AGN is important for stone formation, calcium nephrolithiasis might be initiated at high urinary Ox and low pH by HAP of kidney calcifications, prevented at moderate calciuria by alkali treatment and augmented during relative hyperoxaluria by secondary AGN.},
}
@article {pmid12660344,
year = {2003},
author = {Frick, KK and Bushinsky, DA},
title = {Molecular mechanisms of primary hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {1082-1095},
doi = {10.1097/01.asn.0000062960.26868.17},
pmid = {12660344},
issn = {1046-6673},
support = {AR 46289/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; DK 56788/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK 57716/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Bone Resorption/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism/*urine ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Ion Transport/*genetics ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules/physiopathology ; },
}
@article {pmid12651616,
year = {2003},
author = {Cao, G and Yang, G and Timme, TL and Saika, T and Truong, LD and Satoh, T and Goltsov, A and Park, SH and Men, T and Kusaka, N and Tian, W and Ren, C and Wang, H and Kadmon, D and Cai, WW and Chinault, AC and Boone, TB and Bradley, A and Thompson, TC},
title = {Disruption of the caveolin-1 gene impairs renal calcium reabsorption and leads to hypercalciuria and urolithiasis.},
journal = {The American journal of pathology},
volume = {162},
number = {4},
pages = {1241-1248},
pmid = {12651616},
issn = {0002-9440},
support = {R01-CA68814/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA068814/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P50 CA058204/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U01-CA84295/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P50-CA58204/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/genetics/*pathology ; Caveolin 1 ; Caveolins/deficiency/*genetics/physiology ; Creatinine/urine ; DNA Primers ; Disease Models, Animal ; Exons ; Kidney/*pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Restriction Mapping ; Urinary Calculi/genetics/*pathology ; },
abstract = {Using LoxP/Cre technology, we generated a knockout mouse homozygous for a null mutation in exon 2 of Cav1. In male Cav1-/- animals, we observed a dramatic increase in the incidence of urinary calcium stone formation. In 5-month-old male mice, the incidence of early urinary calculi was 67% in Cav1-/- mice compared to 19% in Cav1+/+ animals. Frank stone formation was observed in 13% of Cav1-/- males but was not seen in Cav1+/+ mice. Urine calcium concentration was significantly higher in Cav1-/- male mice compared to Cav1+/+ mice. In Cav1-/- mice, distal convoluted tubule cells were completely devoid of Cav1 and the localization of plasma membrane calcium ATPase was disrupted. Functional studies confirmed that active calcium absorption was significantly reduced in Cav1-/- compared to Cav1+/+ male mice. These results demonstrate that disruption of the Cav1 gene promotes the progressive steps required for urinary calcium stone formation and establish a new mouse model for urinary stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid12631089,
year = {2003},
author = {Baxmann, AC and De O G Mendonça, C and Heilberg, IP},
title = {Effect of vitamin C supplements on urinary oxalate and pH in calcium stone-forming patients.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {63},
number = {3},
pages = {1066-1071},
doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00815.x},
pmid = {12631089},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Adult ; Antioxidants/*adverse effects ; Ascorbic Acid/*adverse effects ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/chemistry/*urine ; Crystallization ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration/drug effects ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The contribution of ascorbate to urinary oxalate is controversial. The present study aimed to determine whether urinary oxalate and pH may be affected by vitamin C supplementation in calcium stone-forming patients.<br><br>METHODS: Forty-seven adult calcium stone-forming patients received either 1 g (N=23) or 2 g (N=24) of vitamin C supplement for 3 days and 20 healthy subjects received 1 g. A 24-hour urine sample was obtained both before and after vitamin C for calcium, oxalate, magnesium, citrate, sodium, potassium, and creatinine determination. The Tiselius index was used as a calcium oxalate crystallization index. A spot fasting morning urine sample was also obtained to determine the urinary pH before and after vitamin C.<br><br>RESULTS: Fasting urinary pH did not change after 1 g (5.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.8 +/- 0.7) or 2 g vitamin C (5.8 +/- 0.8 vs. 5.8 +/- 0.7). A significant increase in mean urinary oxalate was observed in calcium stone-forming patients receiving either 1 g (50 +/- 16 vs. 31 +/- 12 mg/24 hours) or 2 g (48 +/- 21 vs. 34 +/- 12 mg/24 hours) of vitamin C and in healthy subjects (25 +/- 12 vs. 39 +/- 13 mg/24 hours). A significant increase in mean Tiselius index was observed in calcium stone-forming patients after 1 g (1.43 +/- 0.70 vs. 0.92 +/- 0.65) or 2 g vitamin C (1.61 +/- 1.05 vs. 0.99 +/- 0.55) and in healthy subjects (1.50 +/- 0.69 vs. 0.91 +/- 0.46). Ancillary analyses of spot urine obtained after vitamin C were performed in 15 control subjects in vessels with or without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with no difference in urinary oxalate between them (28 +/- 23 vs. 26 +/- 21 mg/L), suggesting that the in vitro conversion of ascorbate to oxalate did not occur.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These data suggest that vitamin C supplementation may increase urinary oxalate excretion and the risk of calcium oxalate crystallization in calcium stone-forming patients.},
}
@article {pmid12589570,
year = {2003},
author = {Lee, BI and Mustafi, D and Cho, W and Nakagawa, Y},
title = {Characterization of calcium binding properties of lithostathine.},
journal = {Journal of biological inorganic chemistry : JBIC : a publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {341-347},
doi = {10.1007/s00775-002-0421-8},
pmid = {12589570},
issn = {0949-8257},
support = {DK57599/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; GM53987/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Amino Acid Substitution ; Amino Acids, Acidic/genetics ; Binding, Competitive ; Calcium/chemistry/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/*metabolism ; Dialysis/methods ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Humans ; Lithostathine ; Models, Molecular ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism ; Vanadates/chemistry/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The pancreas secretes primarily two types of metabolically important proteins: digestive enzymes and hormones. Lithostathine (LIT) is the only protein excreted from the pancreas that has no known digestive or hormonal activity. Human lithostathine is a 144-amino acid glycoprotein synthesized by the exocrine pancreas that has been implicated in various physiological functions, including inhibition of pancreatic stone formation. To better understand the physiological function of LIT, we expressed the recombinant LIT protein in Escherichia coli and measured its calcium binding properties by equilibrium dialysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Equilibrium dialysis with (45)Ca(2+) showed that LIT binds Ca(2+) with 1:1 stoichiometry. EPR studies using the divalent vanadyl (VO(2+)) ion as a paramagnetic substitute for Ca(2+) also showed that VO(2+) binds to LIT with a metal:protein binding stoichiometry of 1:1 and that VO(2+) competes with Ca(2+) in binding to LIT. Mutations of a cluster of acidic residues on the molecular surface (E30A, D31A, E33A, D37A, D72A, and D73A) resulted in almost complete loss (95-100%) of binding of Ca(2+) and VO(2+), showing that these residues are critical for calcium binding by LIT.},
}
@article {pmid12584548,
year = {2003},
author = {Goldman, M and Shuman, C and Weksberg, R and Rosenblum, ND},
title = {Hypercalciuria in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.},
journal = {The Journal of pediatrics},
volume = {142},
number = {2},
pages = {206-208},
doi = {10.1067/mpd.2003.82},
pmid = {12584548},
issn = {0022-3476},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome/*complications/diagnosis/genetics ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology/*urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology ; Ontario/epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {We determined the incidence of hypercalciuria (HC) and its association with nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis in 18 consecutive patients with Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome (BWS). Random, nonfasting urine samples were obtained from each patient. All patients had abdominal ultrasonography, most on several occasions. Four patients (22%) had HC. Of these, 2 had nephrocalcinosis, one had hyperechoic kidneys, and one had normal renal imaging. Serum calcium was normal in all patients with HC. Because we found that an increased prevalence in the occurrence of HC and its complications in a group of children with BWS, any child with BWS should be evaluated for HC.},
}
@article {pmid12584271,
year = {2003},
author = {García-Nieto, V and Siverio, B and Monge, M and Toledo, C and Molini, N},
title = {Urinary calcium excretion in children with vesicoureteral reflux.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {507-511},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/18.3.507},
pmid = {12584271},
issn = {0931-0509},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*etiology/genetics/*urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Severity of Illness Index ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/genetics/*urine ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/*complications/genetics/*urine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Renal malformations including vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) are associated with urolithiasis. However, studies on urinary calcium excretion in children with VUR have not been reported. This study was conducted to find out whether children with VUR have a higher prevalence of hypercalciuria and whether their family members are affected by hypercalciuria and/or urolithiasis.<br><br>METHODS: We studied the prevalence of hypercalciuria and urolithiasis in 46 children (12 males and 34 females) with VUR and in their parents.<br><br>RESULTS: Three out of 46 children had renal colic and nine out of 46 exhibited calyceal microlithiasis in the renal sonography. According to Stapleton's criteria, we found that 27 out of 46 children (58.6%) had hypercalciuria. These children were significantly shorter than children with normal calciuria and showed lower values of maximal urinary osmolality. We found no differences in urinary calcium excretion values related to the VUR grading, or to the presence or absence of renal scars, or to whether VUR was still unresolved or already resolved at the time of study. Seventeen out of 27 children with hypercalciuria (63%) had one or both parents affected by hypercalciuria, and there was a history of urolithiasis in six first-degree relatives and in four second-degree relatives (37%). Besides, 10 out of 19 children without hypercalciuria (52.6%) had one or both parents affected by hypercalciuria and there was a history of urolithiasis in three first-degree relatives and in three second-degree relatives (31.6%). Among the 27 children whose parents had hypercalciuria, four had both parents affected, 19 had only the mother affected and in four patients only the father was affected.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the prevalence of hypercalciuria was greater in paediatric patients with VUR than in the general population. Urolithiasis in patients with VUR had a metabolic origin. Hypercalciuria was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait although with a higher probability to be inherited from the mother.},
}
@article {pmid12579402,
year = {2003},
author = {Penido, MG and Lima, EM and Marino, VS and Tupinambá, AL and França, A and Souto, MF},
title = {Bone alterations in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria at the time of diagnosis.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {133-139},
pmid = {12579402},
issn = {0931-041X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; *Bone Density ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*metabolism/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Some children with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) develop bone alterations at some stage of the disease. The aims of this study were to evaluate bone mass in 88 children with IH (G1) at the time of diagnosis and to compare the findings with data for a control group of 29 normal children (G2). Kidney and bone metabolism markers were measured in both groups, and bone densitometry was performed. Serum alkaline phosphatase, intact parathyroid hormone, urinary calcium and uric acid were significantly higher in G1, whereas urinary volume and urinary citrate excretion were lower. The following densitometric parameters were significantly lower in G1: (1) lumbar spine (L(2)-L(4)) bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), BMC corrected for height and for width of the vertebra, volumetric BMD (BMDvol), and Z score; (2) whole-body BMD; (3) femoral neck BMD. Lumbar spine BMDvol was reduced (osteopenia) in 35% of the patients compared with G2. N telopeptide, a urinary marker of bone resorption, was significantly higher in G1 than in G2, and was negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD and BMDvol. Children with urinary lithiasis or idiopathic hyperuricosuria associated with IH showed no significant differences in bone metabolism compared with children without these associations. We conclude that (1) there is an altered bone metabolism in IH, with osteopenia already present at diagnosis in 35% of the patients; (2) N telopeptide is one of the most useful markers of bone alterations in IH, especially at an early stage of the disease; (3) investigation of bone metabolism is necessary in IH to prevent future serious consequences such as osteoporosis and bone fractures.},
}
@article {pmid12575824,
year = {2002},
author = {Stone, TW},
title = {Purines and neuroprotection.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {513},
number = {},
pages = {249-280},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4615-0123-7_9},
pmid = {12575824},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Adenosine/*metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Brain/cytology/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kainic Acid/toxicity ; Neurons/cytology/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/*metabolism ; Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Receptors, Purinergic P1/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The activation of adenosine A1, A2 andA3 receptors can protect neurones against damage generated by mechanical or hypoxic/ischaemic insults as well as excitotoxins. A1 receptors are probably effective by suppressing transmitter release and producing neuronal hyperpolarisation. They are less likely to be of therapeutic importance due to the plethora of side effects resulting from A1 agonism, although the existence of receptor subtypes and recent synthetic chemistry efforts to increase ligand selectivity, may yet yield clinically viable compounds. Activation of A2A receptors can protect neurons, although there is much uncertainty as to whether agonists are acting centrally or via a peripheral mechanism such as altering blood flow or immune cell function. Selective antagonists at the A2A receptor, such as 4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)(1,2,4)triazolo(2,3-a)(1,3,5)triazin-5-yl-amino]ethyl)phenol (ZM 241385) and 7-(2-phenylethyl)-5-amino-2-(2-furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine (SCH 58261), can also protect against neuronal death produced by ischaemia or excitotoxicity. In addition, A2A receptor antagonists can reduce damage produced by combinations of subthreshold doses of the endogenous excitotoxin quinolinic acid and free radicals. Since the A2A receptors do not seem to be activated by normal endogenous levels of adenosine, their blockade should not generate significant side effects, so that A2A receptor antagonists appear to be promising candidates as new drugs for the prevention of neuronal damage. Adenosine A3 receptors have received less attention to date, but agonists are clearly able to afford protection against damage when administered chronically. Given the disappointing lack of success of NMDA receptor antagonists in human stroke patients, despite their early promise in animal models, it is possible that A2A receptor antagonists could have a far greater clinical utility.},
}
@article {pmid12545949,
year = {2003},
author = {Utiger, RD},
title = {When tiny glands cause big problems. Kidney stones or osteoporosis may signal hyperparathyroidism, a disease that disrupts the distribution of calcium in the body.},
journal = {Health news (Waltham, Mass.)},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {5},
pmid = {12545949},
issn = {1081-5880},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/metabolism/*physiopathology/surgery ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Osteoporosis/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid12528670,
year = {2002},
author = {Anken, RH and Beier, M and Rahmann, H},
title = {Influence of hypergravity on fish inner ear otoliths: I. Developmental growth profile.},
journal = {Advances in space research : the official journal of the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR)},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {721-725},
doi = {10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00389-7},
pmid = {12528670},
issn = {0273-1177},
mesh = {Animals ; Anthraquinones/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Centrifugation ; *Hypergravity ; Larva/growth &amp; development ; Otolithic Membrane/*growth &amp; development/*metabolism ; Saccule and Utricle/growth &amp; development ; Tilapia/*growth &amp; development ; },
abstract = {Inner ear stones (otoliths) of larval cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus were marked with the calcium-tracer alizarin-complexone (AC) at 1 g earth gravity before and after a 3, 7, 14 or 21 days stay of the animals at hypergravity conditions (hg; 3 g, centrifuge). After the experiment, the otoliths' area between the two AC-labellings was measured with regard to size and asymmetry (size difference between the left and the right stones). Both utricular and saccular otoliths (lapilli and sagittae, respectively) continued growing in a linear way at hg, but growth was significantly slowed down as compared to parallely raised 1 g-control specimens. In case of bilateral asymmetry between the corresponding otoliths its formation in hg-animals became reduced as compared to the 1 g controls. The reduction of asymmetry was much more pronounced in the sagittae than in the lapilli. The latter result supports an earlier hypothesis, according to which especially a low sagittal asymmetry has a functional advantage. In general, the results strongly suggest that otolith growth is continuously regulated in dependence of the environmental gravity vector.},
}
@article {pmid12495271,
year = {2002},
author = {Baggio, B},
title = {Fatty acids, calcium and bone metabolism.},
journal = {Journal of nephrology},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {601-604},
pmid = {12495271},
issn = {1121-8428},
mesh = {Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone Remodeling/physiology ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*etiology/physiopathology ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Essential/administration &amp; dosage ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/administration &amp; dosage ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; },
abstract = {Epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence suggests that fatty acids may have an effect (due to their chemical structure) on calcium metabolism in animals and man. Fatty acid deficiency in animals can lead to a loss of bone calcium and matrix, resulting in marked bone demineralization, and treatment with a mixture of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids can induce significant reduction in some biochemical markers of bone reabsorption. A relationship, between phospholipid fatty acid content, calcium-regulating hormones and intestinal, renal, and bone calcium metabolism alterations, has been reported in patients with renal stones and hypercalciuria. Recent studies have shown specific effects of fatty acids on the gene expression of some bone cytokines. Fatty acids might be involved in calcium metabolism influencing cellular calcium ion transport directly, as second messengers, or generating, through the cyclooxygenase pathway, potential biological mediators which have complex effects on bone remodeling. Experimental and clinical documentation of the specific and indirect effects of fatty acids on calcium and bone metabolism could open up new and interesting clinical prospects.},
}
@article {pmid12474642,
year = {2002},
author = {Stapleton, FB},
title = {Childhood stones.},
journal = {Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {1001-15, ix},
doi = {10.1016/s0889-8529(02)00036-1},
pmid = {12474642},
issn = {0889-8529},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Citric Acid/metabolism/urine ; Cystinuria/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria, Primary/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/diet therapy/genetics/metabolism/*pathology ; Male ; Uric Acid/metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {Urinary stones in children are usually genetic and most commonly due to hypercalciuria. Symptoms of urolithiasis in children differ among age groups. Isolated hematuria in children may be caused by hypercalciuria and precede calculus formation. Careful evaluation successfully identifies the cause of urinary stones in most children, although diagnostic criteria may vary in different age groups. Therapies should be targeted to the underlying diagnosis.},
}
@article {pmid12474635,
year = {2002},
author = {Zerwekh, JE and Reed-Gitomer, BY and Pak, CY},
title = {Pathogenesis of hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {869-884},
doi = {10.1016/s0889-8529(02)00028-2},
pmid = {12474635},
issn = {0889-8529},
support = {M01-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-DK20543/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/genetics/metabolism ; Lithiasis/*etiology/genetics/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {The major contribution of hypercalciuria in raising urinary state of saturation with respect to calcium salts and subsequent risk of nephrolithiasis is appreciated. Derangements in the physiological mechanisms that regulate calcium homeostasis and contribute to hypercalciuria have also been identified. New avenues of research are beginning to explore the specific defects that may contribute to hypercalciuria. From such studies, an understanding of the role of certain dietary excesses as contributors to the development of hypercalciuria and, in some cases, attendant bone loss, is beginning. The contribution of genetics to hypercalciuria has provided a powerful means of identifying genes that contribute to the hypercalciuric phenotype in a number of hypercalciuric conditions. Such studies have disclosed that hypercalciuria is probably polygenic in nature and will require a concerted effort to better understand the defects while attempting to develop gene-specific countermeasures.},
}
@article {pmid12432430,
year = {2002},
author = {Sforzini, C and Milani, D and Fossali, E and Barbato, A and Grumieri, G and Bianchetti, MG and Selicorni, A},
title = {Renal tract ultrasonography and calcium homeostasis in Williams-Beuren syndrome.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {899-902},
doi = {10.1007/s00467-002-0889-z},
pmid = {12432430},
issn = {0931-041X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creatinine/blood ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Homeostasis/*physiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney/*diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Ultrasonography ; Williams Syndrome/*diagnostic imaging/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Renal ultrasound scan, circulating creatinine and calcium, and the urinary calcium excretion rate were investigated in 57 patients with clinically and genetically typical Williams-Beuren syndrome (25 female and 32 male subjects, aged from 1.0 year to 23 years, median 8.5 years) on regular follow up at our institution. Twenty-three unilateral abnormalities were detected in 20 patients: pelvic dilatation (n=6), renal hypoplasia (n=5), isolated renal cyst (n=3), kidney surface irregularity (n=3), kidney duplication (n=2), renal agenesis (n=1), megaureter (n=1), pelvic kidney dystopia (n=1), and renal stone (n=1). Both infantile hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis was absent in the 57 patients. Mild hypercalcemia was noted in 1 and mild hypercalciuria in 2 patients after the 1st year of life. In conclusion, the study indicates the frequent occurrence of intrinsic renal tract abnormalities detected by ultrasonography in Williams-Beuren syndrome. However, the study does not confirm the importance given in the past to the occurrence of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid12198212,
year = {2002},
author = {Müller, D and Hoenderop, JG and Vennekens, R and Eggert, P and Harangi, F and Méhes, K and Garcia-Nieto, V and Claverie-Martin, F and Os, CH and Nilius, B and J M Bindels, R},
title = {Epithelial Ca(2+) channel (ECAC1) in autosomal dominant idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {17},
number = {9},
pages = {1614-1620},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/17.9.1614},
pmid = {12198212},
issn = {0931-0509},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Channels/*genetics ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*genetics/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Mapping ; Codon ; Europe ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; Open Reading Frames ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; TRPV Cation Channels ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The epithelial Ca(2+) channel (ECaC) exhibits the defining properties for being the gatekeeper in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-regulated Ca(2+) (re)absorption. Its recently cloned human orthologue (ECaC1) could, therefore, represent a crucial molecule in human disorders related to Ca(2+)-wasting such as idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH).<br><br>METHODS: Fifty-seven members of nine families with IH were investigated. Phenotyping was performed by measurements of urinary Ca(2+) excretion, while other underlying disorders were appropriately excluded. Initially, the recently suggested locus for kidney stone-associated hypercalciuria on chromosome 1q23.3-q24 was investigated. Next, direct mutation analysis of all 15 exons of the ECAC1 gene and 2.9 kb upstream from the start codon was performed. hECaC1, heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, was characterized by patch-clamp analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: The mode of inheritance in the studied pedigrees is consistent with an autosomal dominant trait. Haplotype analysis did not implicate a role of the locus on chromosome 1. The coding sequence of the ECAC1 gene was not different between the affected and the non-affected family members. In the 5'-flanking region, three single nucleotide polymorphisms were encountered, but these polymorphisms were observed regardless of the affection status of the screened family members. Patch-clamp analysis of hECaC1 was performed as the putative pore region contains four non-conserved amino acid substitutions compared with the other species. This analysis revealed the distinctive properties of ECaC, including a high Ca(2+) selectivity, inward rectification, and Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These results do not support a primary role for hECaC1 in IH in nine affected families. Because of the heterogeneity of the disease, however, the involvement of ECaC1 in other subtypes of IH cannot be excluded and needs further investigation. The electrophysiological properties of hECaC1 further substantiate its prime role in Ca(2+) (re)absorption.},
}
@article {pmid12167947,
year = {2000},
author = {White, DJ and Gerlach, RW},
title = {Anticalculus effects of a novel, dual-phase polypyrophosphate dentifrice: chemical basis, mechanism, and clinical response.},
journal = {The journal of contemporary dental practice},
volume = {1},
number = {4},
pages = {1-19},
pmid = {12167947},
issn = {1526-3711},
mesh = {Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dental Calculus/*drug therapy/etiology ; Dental Plaque/complications ; Dentifrices/*chemistry/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Diphosphates/*chemistry/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Durapatite/chemistry/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sodium Fluoride/*chemistry/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Xylitol/*chemistry/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {A primary patient motivation for oral hygiene is effective cleaning. Dentifrice serves this function by including ingredients such as abrasives, surfactants, and specialized cleaning ingredients such as anticalculus agents. This introductory article aims to introduce professionals, educators, and researchers on the rationale behind the development of an improved cleaning dentifrice formulation, Crest Multicare Advanced Cleaning. This new dentifrice is based upon the application of an improved tartar control/cleaning ingredient that is a polymeric adjunct of a pyrophosphate anion commonly applied in tartar control and stain control whitening dentifrices. The polypyrophosphate anion, also referred to as sodium hexametaphosphate, produces superior activity and substantivity on oral surfaces as compared to both pyrophosphate and some other commonly used dental cleaning ingredients and cleaning/conditioning adjuncts. The increased activity and substantivity translate into significant improvements in the prevention of dental stains and supragingival calculus and in the non-abrasive removal of dental stains. This article describes the structure of polypyrophosphate as compared to the parent pyrophosphate molecule, the rationale for its improved chemistry, and, in particular, its tartar control chemistry. In addition, the fundamental mechanisms of calculus formation and inhibition are reviewed. Lastly, a preliminary clinical study evaluating the improved efficacy of a polypyrophosphate dentifrice is described where the tartar control activity of the polypyrophosphate dentifrice is shown to be superior to that of a clinically established and marketed industry standard pyrophosphate dentifrice.},
}
@article {pmid12161938,
year = {2002},
author = {Trinchieri, A and Lizzano, R and Castelnuovo, C and Zanetti, G and Pisani, E},
title = {Urinary patterns of patients with renal stones associated with chronic inflammatory bowel disease.},
journal = {Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo ufficiale [di] Societa italiana di ecografia urologica e nefrologica},
volume = {74},
number = {2},
pages = {61-64},
pmid = {12161938},
issn = {1124-3562},
mesh = {Adult ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Citrates/urine ; Colectomy ; Colitis, Ulcerative/complications/metabolism/surgery ; Crohn Disease/complications/metabolism/surgery ; Diuresis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ileum/surgery ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*complications/metabolism/surgery ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/*etiology/physiopathology/urine ; Malabsorption Syndromes/etiology/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/pharmacokinetics/urine ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Solubility ; Xylose/pharmacokinetics ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of renal stone patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease and their urinary patterns.<br><br>METHODS: During a 20-year period, 1941 consecutive patients with renal stone disease underwent routine laboratory procedures including a fasting blood sample for chemistry profile and a 24-hour urine collection for analyses of electrolytes. Thorough histories including chronic inflammatory disease or ileal resection were obtained. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease together with a control group comprising 47 idiopathic renal calcium stone formers were submitted to a xylose absorption test for evaluation of intestinal absorption.<br><br>RESULTS: We observed 10 patients with Crohn's disease, 12 with ulcerative colitis and one patient with ileal bypass for obesity. Six patients underwent ileal resection and 10 patients total colectomy. Urinary oxalate excretion was significantly higher and urinary citrate lower in stone patients with ileal disease (Ox 60 +/- 23, Cit 113 + 7-118 mg/day) than in idiopathic stone formers (Ox 28.2 +/- 11.5, Cit 381 +/- 205) and stone patients with ulcerative colitis (Ox 20.3 +/- 14.8, Cit 369 +/- 247). Urinary volume was significantly lower in patients with ulcerative colitis. A significant inverse correlation (-0.38, p < 0.01) between oxalate urinary excretion and blood xylose level was found 2 hours after ingestion of xylose. No significant reduction of xylose absorption was demonstrated in both normoxaluric and hyperoxaluric idiopathic stone patients.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by recurrent inflammatory involvement of different intestinal segments involving distinctive urinary patterns. Malabosorption associated with ileal disease causes increased oxalate absorption by increasing oxalate solubility in the intestinal lumen and permeability of the colonic mucosa; a reduced citrate excretion is associated in relation to mild acidosis due to the loss of bicarbonate in the liquid stool. In ulcerative colitis, especially if an ileostomy is present, urine are scanty and concentrated, and urine pH falls, leading to uric acid or mixed stones. Mild hyperoxaluria of idiopathic renal stone formers is not related to subtle intestinal malabsorption.},
}
@article {pmid12151020,
year = {2002},
author = {Stone, TW and Addae, JI},
title = {The pharmacological manipulation of glutamate receptors and neuroprotection.},
journal = {European journal of pharmacology},
volume = {447},
number = {2-3},
pages = {285-296},
doi = {10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01851-4},
pmid = {12151020},
issn = {0014-2999},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neuroprotective Agents/*pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Receptors, AMPA/drug effects ; Receptors, Glutamate/*drug effects ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/drug effects ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/drug effects ; },
abstract = {The overactivation of glutamate receptors is a major cause of Ca(2+) overload in cells, potentially leading to cell damage and death. There is an abundance of agents and mechanisms by which glutamate receptor activation can be prevented or modulated in order to control these effects. They include the well-established, competitive and non-competitive antagonists at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and modulators of desensitisation of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. More recently, it has emerged that some compounds can act selectively at different subunits of glutamate receptors, allowing a differential blockade of subtypes. It is also becoming clear that a number of endogenous compounds, including purines, can modify glutamate receptor sensitivity. The kynurenine pathway is an alternative but distinct pathway to the generation of glutamate receptor ligands. The products of tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway include both quinolinic acid, a selective agonist at NMDA receptors, and kynurenic acid, an antagonist at several glutamate receptor subtypes. The levels of these metabolites change as a result of the activation of inflammatory processes and immune-competent cells, and may have a significant impact on Ca(2+) fluxes and neuronal damage. Drugs which target some of these various sites and processes, or which change the balance between the excitotoxin quinolinic acid and the neuroprotective kynurenic acid, could also have potential as neuroprotective drugs.},
}
@article {pmid12148098,
year = {2002},
author = {Reddy, ST and Wang, CY and Sakhaee, K and Brinkley, L and Pak, CY},
title = {Effect of low-carbohydrate high-protein diets on acid-base balance, stone-forming propensity, and calcium metabolism.},
journal = {American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {265-274},
doi = {10.1053/ajkd.2002.34504},
pmid = {12148098},
issn = {1523-6838},
support = {M01-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-DK20543/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Acid-Base Imbalance/chemically induced/*metabolism ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; *Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism ; Dietary Proteins/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/blood/chemically induced/*metabolism/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Low-carbohydrate high-protein (LCHP) diets are used commonly for weight reduction. This study explores the relationship between such diets and acid-base balance, kidney-stone risk, and calcium and bone metabolism.<br><br>METHODS: Ten healthy subjects participated in a metabolic study. Subjects initially consumed their usual non-weight-reducing diet, then a severely carbohydrate-restricted induction diet for 2 weeks, followed by a moderately carbohydrate-restricted maintenance diet for 4 weeks.<br><br>RESULTS: Urine pH decreased from 6.09 (Usual) to 5.56 (Induction; P < 0.01) to 5.67 (Maintenance;P < 0.05). Net acid excretion increased by 56 mEq/d (Induction; P < 0.001) and 51 mEq/d (Maintenance; P < 0.001) from a baseline of 61 mEq/d. Urinary citrate levels decreased from 763 mg/d (3.98 mmol/d) to 449 mg/d (2.34 mmol/d; P < 0.01) to 581 mg/d (3.03 mmol/d; P < 0.05). Urinary saturation of undissociated uric acid increased more than twofold. Urinary calcium levels increased from 160 mg/d (3.99 mmol/d) to 258 mg/d (6.44 mmol/d; P < 0.001) to 248 mg/d (6.19 mmol/d; P < 0.01). This increase in urinary calcium levels was not compensated by a commensurate increase in fractional intestinal calcium absorption. Therefore, estimated calcium balance decreased by 130 mg/d (3.24 mmol/d; P < 0.001) and 90 mg/d (2.25 mmol/d; P < 0.05). Urinary deoxypyridinoline and N-telopeptide levels trended upward, whereas serum osteocalcin concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.01).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Consumption of an LCHP diet for 6 weeks delivers a marked acid load to the kidney, increases the risk for stone formation, decreases estimated calcium balance, and may increase the risk for bone loss.},
}
@article {pmid12133747,
year = {2002},
author = {Lerolle, N and Lantz, B and Paillard, F and Gattegno, B and Flahault, A and Ronco, P and Houillier, P and Rondeau, E},
title = {Risk factors for nephrolithiasis in patients with familial idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {113},
number = {2},
pages = {99-103},
doi = {10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01152-x},
pmid = {12133747},
issn = {0002-9343},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Calcium/*urine ; Cohort Studies ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*epidemiology/genetics ; Kidney Calculi/*epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Probability ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: About 40% of patients with nephrolithiasis have idiopathic hypercalciuria, sometimes associated with a family history of kidney stones. In these families, little is known about the frequency of, and risk factors for, stone formation among hypercalciuric patients. We therefore conducted a prospective study of 216 subjects from 33 families with idiopathic hypercalciuria.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recorded the age, weight, and history of calcium stones in all subjects, and measured 24-hour urine volume and excretion of calcium, uric acid, sodium, magnesium, urea, citrate, phosphate, and sulfate on a nonrestricted diet. We performed a more complete metabolic evaluation in many of the hypercalciuric subjects (calciuria/weight >0.1 mmol/kg/d). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for stone formation.<br><br>RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported nephrolithiasis was 46% (61/132) in hypercalciuric subjects and 11% (7/63) in normocalciuric subjects (P <0.0001). In multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] per 10 years of age = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1 to 1.6), urine calcium excretion (OR = 1.3 per mmol/d increase; 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.5), and uric acid excretion (OR = 3.3 per mmol/d increase; 95% CI: 1.4 to 7.5) were independent risk factors for nephrolithiasis. The risk of nephrolithiasis increased progressively with greater levels of hypercalciuria.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We found a significant dose-effect association between calciuria and stone disease in patients with familial hypercalciuria. Other factors associated with stone formation included higher uric acid excretion, probably reflecting higher food intake, and age, probably reflecting the length of exposure to hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria.},
}
@article {pmid12073083,
year = {2002},
author = {Lippe, WR and Zirpel, L and Stone, JS},
title = {Muscarinic receptors modulate intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in hyaline cells of the chicken basilar papilla.},
journal = {Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology},
volume = {188},
number = {5},
pages = {381-395},
doi = {10.1007/s00359-002-0312-z},
pmid = {12073083},
issn = {0340-7594},
support = {DC00181/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; DC00395/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; DC00520/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; DC00774/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chickens ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/*metabolism ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intracellular Membranes/*metabolism ; Organ of Corti/cytology/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Receptors, Muscarinic/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Nonsensory hyaline cells border the sensory epithelium of the auditory end-organ (basilar papilla) in birds and reptiles. Their innervation by cochlear cholinergic efferent fibers and the presence of contractile proteins suggest that hyaline cells may actively regulate basilar membrane mechanics. The cholinergic pharmacology of hyaline cells was studied by measuring the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) of fura-2-loaded cells in the chicken cochlea in vitro. Superfusion of the cholinergic agonist carbachol produced a dose-dependent increase in hyaline cell [Ca(2+)](i) (EC(50)=1.05 micromol l(-1)) and small responses in short hair cells. Calcium increases in hyaline cells were evoked by the muscarinic agonists oxotremorine (10 micromol l(-1)) and muscarine (100 micromol l(-1)) whereas nicotine (100 micromol l(-1), 200 micromol l(-1)) was without effect. Carbachol-evoked responses were blocked by the muscarinic antagonist atropine (>or=10(-13) mol l(-1)) and were unaffected by the nicotinic antagonists d-tubocurare (100 micromol l(-1), 1 mmol l(-1)) and hexamethonium (100 micromol l(-1)). Responses persisted in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) and were abolished by thapsigargin (1 micromol l(-1)). These results indicate that the cholinergic-stimulated increase in hyaline cell [Ca(2+)](i) is due to a muscarinic-mediated release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. This is the first evidence that hyaline cells possess a muscarinic receptor whose activation causes mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+).},
}
@article {pmid12056135,
year = {2002},
author = {Seleznev, AN and Petrovich, IuA and Kolobkova, LN and Kozlov, SA and Kachkaeva, SS},
title = {[Pathogenetic validation of xidiphone use in combined therapy for periodontal diseases].},
journal = {Stomatologiia},
volume = {81},
number = {2},
pages = {23-26},
pmid = {12056135},
issn = {0039-1735},
mesh = {Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Clinical Protocols ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Etidronic Acid/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Gingivitis/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Humans ; Iron/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Periodontitis/*drug therapy/metabolism ; },
abstract = {It is well grounded for the application of a preparation from group bisphosphonates xydiphone is justified (reasonable). For treatment and preventive maintenance of a tooth stone for want of periodontal inflammation. Is shown on 30 patients with acute parodontitis and at 10--with gingivitis (in a stage of a peaking), that the application of xydiphone will neutralize an alkaline response having a place up to treatment, due to what it(he) exhibits antiseptic of a property. Xydiphone, linking ionized Ca and free Fe, simultaneously hinders with activation of free--radical oxidation, reduces blood-flux and blocks process of crystallization.},
}
@article {pmid12053119,
year = {2002},
author = {Sayer, JA and Simmons, NL},
title = {Urinary stone formation: Dent's disease moves understanding forward.},
journal = {Experimental nephrology},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {176-181},
doi = {10.1159/000058344},
pmid = {12053119},
issn = {1018-7782},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chloride Channels/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Endocytosis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Tubules, Collecting/*pathology ; Models, Biological ; Mucoproteins/metabolism ; Uromodulin ; },
abstract = {Renal stones form in the late collecting duct in a complex milieu involving salts and protein components of the urine together with direct interactions at the epithelial cells lining the duct. The operation of newly discovered physiological controls that limit crystal formation by feedback mechanisms which sense the luminal environment are discussed. Adhesion at the epithelial surface and intracellular processing of crystals comprise a previously unrecognised mechanism for limiting crystal growth, which may be disrupted resulting in disease. Dent's disease is discussed as a paradigm of a complex renal tubular disease resulting in renal stone formation. Defects in endosomal acidification, due to ablation of the CLC-5 voltage-gated Cl- channel, result in defects in both proximal and collecting duct endosomal traffic leading to stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid12045831,
year = {2002},
author = {Nishiura, JL and Martini, LA and Mendonça, CO and Schor, N and Heilberg, IP},
title = {Effect of calcium intake on urinary oxalate excretion in calcium stone-forming patients.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas},
volume = {35},
number = {6},
pages = {669-675},
doi = {10.1590/s0100-879x2002000600006},
pmid = {12045831},
issn = {0100-879X},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; Male ; Oxalates/*urine ; },
abstract = {Dietary calcium lowers the risk of nephrolithiasis due to a decreased absorption of dietary oxalate that is bound by intestinal calcium. The aim of the present study was to evaluate oxaluria in normocalciuric and hypercalciuric lithiasic patients under different calcium intake. Fifty patients (26 females and 24 males, 41 +/- 10 years old), whose 4-day dietary records revealed a regular low calcium intake (<or=500 mg/day), received an oral calcium load (1 g/day) for 7 days. A 24-h urine was obtained before and after load and according to the calciuria under both diets, patients were considered as normocalciuric (NC, N = 15), diet-dependent hypercalciuric (DDHC, N = 9) or diet-independent hypercalciuric (DIHC, N = 26). On regular diet, mean oxaluria was 30 +/- 14 mg/24 h for all patients. The 7-day calcium load induced a significant decrease in mean oxaluria compared to the regular diet in NC and DIHC (20 +/- 12 vs 26 +/- 7 and 27 +/- 18 vs 32 +/- 15 mg/24 h, respectively, P<0.05) but not in DDHC patients (22 +/- 10 vs 23 +/- 5 mg/24 h). The lack of an oxalate decrease among DDHC patients after the calcium load might have been due to higher calcium absorption under higher calcium supply, with a consequent lower amount of calcium left in the intestine to bind with oxalate. These data suggest that a long-lasting regular calcium consumption <500 mg was not associated with high oxaluria and that a subpopulation of hypercalciuric patients who presented a higher intestinal calcium absorption (DDHC) tended to hyperabsorb oxalate as well, so that oxaluria did not change under different calcium intake.},
}
@article {pmid12042901,
year = {2002},
author = {Stoll, ML and Listman, JA},
title = {Nephrolithiasis in a neonate with transient renal wasting of calcium and magnesium.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {386-389},
doi = {10.1007/s00467-001-0818-6},
pmid = {12042901},
issn = {0931-041X},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia/drug therapy/etiology ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/complications/diagnostic imaging/*metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Potassium Citrate/therapeutic use ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Ultrasonography ; },
abstract = {Following an uneventful full-term pregnancy, a 3-day-old girl presented with a focal seizure. Serological evaluation revealed hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia. Renal ultrasonography performed because of hematuria showed bilateral nephrolithiasis. Renal wasting of calcium and magnesium was detected and urine citrate excretion was low. The hypocalcemia was refractory to calcium therapy, but responded briskly to magnesium supplementation. After 8 weeks of treatment with magnesium and calcium supplementation plus potassium citrate, the hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia normalized spontaneously, as did the urinary calcium, magnesium, and citrate excretion. We speculate that our patient had a transient tubular defect in the thick ascending loop of Henle.},
}
@article {pmid12031370,
year = {2002},
author = {Tasca, A and Cacciola, A and Ferrarese, P and Ioverno, E and Visonà, E and Bernardi, C and Nobile, M and Giannini, S},
title = {Bone alterations in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {59},
number = {6},
pages = {865-9; discussion 869},
doi = {10.1016/s0090-4295(02)01626-6},
pmid = {12031370},
issn = {1527-9995},
mesh = {Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase/urine ; *Bone Density ; Bone Resorption/complications/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Femur/metabolism/physiology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydroxyproline/urine ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/complications/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spine/metabolism/physiology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To verify whether alterations in bone density and turnover in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria are observable in various subgroups of patients divided according to the pathogenesis of the hypercalciuria.<br><br>METHODS: Seventy patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and idiopathic hypercalciuria, 19 to 64 years old, were assessed for spine and femur mineral metabolism and bone density using a Dexa evaluation system. After a low calcium diet, the subjects were classified into two groups: fasting hypercalciuria (FH, 39 patients) and absorptive hypercalciuria (AH, 31 patients).<br><br>RESULTS: Only in the patients with FH was the lumbar spine bone density lower than in the controls (P <0.001). Also, only the patients with FH had higher bone alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline levels than the control group (P <0.005 and <0.015, respectively). The blood pH levels were lower, even though within the normal range, in the hypercalciuric patients than in the controls (P <0.01). There was a negative correlation between the urinary hydroxyproline level and lumbar spine and femoral neck density in patients with FH (P <0.001 and <0.005, respectively), and the blood pH correlated positively with the lumbar spine bone density.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Altered bone metabolism and overall bone loss were found only in the patients with FH. Overloading of acid valences, perhaps of dietary origin, could be the pathogenic factor responsible.},
}
@article {pmid12021513,
year = {2002},
author = {Polito, C and La Manna, A and Maiello, R and Nappi, B and Siciliano, MC and Di Domenico, MR and Di Toro, R},
title = {Urinary sodium and potassium excretion in idiopathic hypercalciuria of children.},
journal = {Nephron},
volume = {91},
number = {1},
pages = {7-12},
doi = {10.1159/000057598},
pmid = {12021513},
issn = {1660-8151},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Fasting/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Potassium/*urine ; Sodium/*urine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: An increased spot urine Na/K ratio (UNa/K) has been found to be related to urinary stone disease in adults with a history of nephrolithiasis and in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria (HC). However, the respective role played by Na and K excretion in the rise of the UNa/K in growing individuals is not well clarified.<br><br>METHODS: The urinary excretion of Na and K was evaluated in fasting morning and 24-hour urine samples of 37 consecutive children with HC and of 21 previously HC children who were normocalciuric at the time of the study (ExHC). None of them had received any dietary or specific drug prescription.<br><br>RESULTS: In the HC and in the ExHC group, respectively, the Na excretion was 4 +/- (SD) 2.4 and 2.9 +/- 1.3 mmol/kg/day (p = 0.009); the K excretion was 1.1 +/- 0.4 and 1.2 +/- 0.7 mmol/kg/day (p = 0.86); the fasting UNa/K was 3 +/- 1.6 and 2.1 +/- 1 mmol/mmol (p = 0.044), and the 24-hour UNa/K was 4.2 +/- 3.9 and 2.8 +/- 1.5 mmol/ mmol (p = 0.045). The 24-hour UNa/K was significantly higher than the fasting UNa/K in both HC (p = 0.002) and ExHC (p = 0.002) subjects. The 24-hour UNa/K significantly increased with age in both HC (p = 0.02) and ExHC (p = 0.015) children. The K excretion significantly decreased with age in HC (p = 0.0001) and ExHC (p = 0.005) subjects, as well as with body weight gain in HC (p = 0.005) and ExHC (p = 0.0001) children and with increasing body height in HC (p = 0.006) and ExHC (p = 0.001) subjects. In neither group was the K excretion significantly related to body mass index Z score nor to height Z score. No significant relation resulted between Na excretion and age, body weight and height, and body mass index Z score and height Z score.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: HC children have a higher Na excretion as well as a higher fasting and 24-hour UNa/K than ExHC children, but no different K excretion. Meals are accompanied by a significant rise in UNa/K. The rise in UNa/K with age is mostly due to a decrease in K excretion which possibly depends on childhood body growth.},
}
@article {pmid11989423,
year = {2002},
author = {Lancina Martín, JA and Rodríguez-Rivera García, J and Novás Castro, S and Rodríguez Gómez, I and Fernández Rosado, E and Alvarez Castelo, L and Blanco Díez, A and González Martín, M},
title = {[Metabolic risk factors in calcium urolithiasis according to gender and age of the patients].},
journal = {Actas urologicas espanolas},
volume = {26},
number = {2},
pages = {111-120},
doi = {10.1016/s0210-4806(02)72742-3},
pmid = {11989423},
issn = {0210-4806},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Urinary Calculi/epidemiology/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Little information is available on the metabolic changes found in relation to gender and aging in patients with urolithiasis. In this study a comparison has been made of the metabolic profiles in men and women, in different groups of aging, with calcium-containing urinary stones in order to identify possibly significant differences.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the past five years, a total of 500 patients with calcium-containing urinary stones, 226 male (45.2%) and 274 female (54.8%), have undergone comprehensive metabolic evaluation. The mean age was 47.4 years, with a range of 20 to 75 years. The patients was included in 3 groups: 151 patients aged 20-39 years, 255 patients aged 40-59 years and 94 patients aged 60-75 years. A comparison has been made of the frequency of metabolic changes, the urinary biochemical parameters and the supersaturation index (AP(CaOx)) between a group of men and a group of women and the different groups of aging. All patients carried out in an identical manner to metabolic diagnosis. The patients with morphologic and functional abnormalities were excluded.<br><br>RESULTS: Hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria and hypocitraturia were more common in men than in women, whilst in women, hypercalciuria and a low urinary volume were more frequent with respect to men, though the differences in hypercalciuria were not statistically significant. Men excrete higher levels of calcium, phosphate, oxalate, uric acid and magnesium than women. On the other hand, women excrete higher levels of citrate than men. The AP(CaOx) index is significantly higher in men than in women. Hypercalciuria were more common in patients aged < 60 years, and low urinary volume were more frequent in patients aged < 40 years. Patients aged < 60 years excrete higher levels of calcium, phosphate and uric acid. The AP(CaOx) index is significantly higher in patients aged < 60 years.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Differences were observed between the metabolic profiles of men and women, and in different groups of aging. Men and younger patients afford a metabolic profile of upper lithogenic risk compared with women and older patients; this is consistent with the upper reported prevalence of lithiasis and the upper tendency to recurrence in men and middle-age patients.},
}
@article {pmid11900299,
year = {2002},
author = {Anderson, ME},
title = {Calmodulin and the philosopher's stone: Changing Ca2+ into arrhythmias.},
journal = {Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {195-197},
doi = {10.1046/j.1540-8167.2002.00195.x},
pmid = {11900299},
issn = {1045-3873},
support = {HL03727/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; HL62494/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Arrhythmias, Cardiac/*etiology/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/physiology ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Ion Transport ; Signal Transduction ; },
abstract = {Calmodulin and the Philosopher's Stone. It has been recognized for some time that intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) can contribute to the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias, but understanding of the molecular signaling machinery that links disordered [Ca2+]i to arrhythmias has been lacking. Exciting recent work has focused on the ubiquitous intracellular Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin. Calmodulin is a molecular sensor that can translate increases in [Ca2+]i into modulatory signals for ion channels and activate other Ca2+-dependent signaling molecules. This article will examine the implications of these recent findings for arrhythmogenesis and the development of new antiarrhythmic therapies.},
}
@article {pmid11886714,
year = {2002},
author = {Cvijetic, S and Füredi-Milhofer, H and Babic-Ivancic, V and Tucak, A and Galic, J and Dekanic-Ozegovic, D},
title = {Bone mineral density loss in patients with urolithiasis: a follow-up study.},
journal = {Archives of medical research},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
pages = {152-157},
doi = {10.1016/s0188-4409(01)00367-8},
pmid = {11886714},
issn = {0188-4409},
mesh = {Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; *Bone Density ; Calcium/metabolism ; Femur/diagnostic imaging ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/*physiopathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recurrent calcium urolithiasis is often associated with disorders of calcium metabolism. The purpose of this investigation was to assess bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) over a period of 1 year in patients with urolithiasis and to determine the factors that could have influenced the changes in bone density during that period.<br><br>METHODS: The patient group comprised 34 men aged 41.2 plus minus 7.9 years with recurrent urolithiasis. A wide spectrum of biochemical measurements was performed. Bone mineral density (g/cm(2)), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone area (BA) were measured twice during a period of 1 year at the lumbar spine (L2-L4), femoral neck, Ward triangle, and trochanter, using dual energy absorptiometry. Patient results were compared to those obtained from 30 healthy male controls of a comparable age group.<br><br>RESULTS: Nine patients were hypercalciuric, while the majority of the remaining metabolic parameters were within the reference values. Bone mineral content and bone areas at all regions were lower in patients comparing to controls, but not significantly. The greatest annual reduction of BMD was noticed at Ward triangle (-5.70% in patients and -2.36% in controls), followed by femoral neck (-4.06% patients, -2.03% controls) and trochanter (-3.06% patients, -1.39% controls). There was no significant decrease of the BMD of the spine. Analyzing the influence of age, body mass index (BMI), metabolic parameters, and dietary calcium intake on the annual reduction of bone density, we found that age, hyperuricosuria, and calcium intake were significantly associated with bone loss in that time period.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Bone mass reduction in patients with urolithiasis over a 1-year period did not differ significantly from that in controls and was principally related to age, hyperuricosuria, and calcium dietary restriction but not to increased calcium excretion.},
}
@article {pmid11834431,
year = {2002},
author = {Arlt, W and Fremerey, C and Callies, F and Reincke, M and Schneider, P and Timmermann, W and Allolio, B},
title = {Well-being, mood and calcium homeostasis in patients with hypoparathyroidism receiving standard treatment with calcium and vitamin D.},
journal = {European journal of endocrinology},
volume = {146},
number = {2},
pages = {215-222},
doi = {10.1530/eje.0.1460215},
pmid = {11834431},
issn = {0804-4643},
mesh = {Adult ; *Affect ; Aged ; Anxiety ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/*therapeutic use/urine ; Cataract/complications ; Female ; *Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism/*drug therapy/metabolism/psychology ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/blood ; *Quality of Life ; Reference Values ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vitamin D/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Standard treatment in hypoparathyroidism consists of calcium and vitamin D (or vitamin D analogs) but does not employ replacement of the actual missing hormone. Only few studies have evaluated the efficacy of calcium/vitamin D treatment in hypoparathyroidism; the impact of chronic hypoparathyroid disease on well-being has not been investigated previously.<br><br>DESIGN: Cross-sectional, controlled study in 25 unselected women with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism since 6.4plus minus8.0 years (s.d.) on stable treatment with calcium and vitamin D (or analogs) and in 25 controls with a history of thyroid surgery but intact parathyroid function, who were matched for sex, age and time since surgery.<br><br>METHODS: Assessment of well-being and mood using validated questionnaires (the revised version Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90-R); the Giessen Complaint List (GBB-24); and the von Zerssen Symptom List (B-L Zerssen)), serum and urinary calcium/phosphorus homeostasis, and in the hypoparathyroid patients also screening for secondary disease by kidney ultrasound, ophthalmological split lamp examination, and measurement of bone mineral density.<br><br>RESULTS: Serum calcium was in the accepted therapeutic range in the majority of hypoparathyroid patients. However, calcium/phosphorus homeostasis as a whole was clearly non-physiological. Nephrolithiasis was detected in 2 and cataracts in 11 of 25 hypoparathyroid patients. As compared with controls, hypoparathyroid patients had significantly higher global complaint scores in GBB-24 (P=0.036), B-L Zerssen (P=0.002) and SCL-90-R (P=0.020) with predominant increases in the subscale scores for anxiety, phobic anxiety and their physical equivalents.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Current standard treatment in hypoparathyroidism is not only associated with an altered calcium/phosphorus homeostasis but also fails to restore well-being in these patients. Future studies need to address the impact of more physiological treatment options like parathyroid hormone(1-34) or parathyroid transplantation on well-being and mood in these patients.},
}
@article {pmid11825520,
year = {1998},
author = {Li, S and Wu, C and Nong, H and Deng, Y},
title = {[Morphometrical study on inhibitory effect of vitamin B6 and banana-stem extract on calcium crystallization].},
journal = {Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery]},
volume = {36},
number = {12},
pages = {763-765},
pmid = {11825520},
issn = {0529-5815},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Kidney/chemistry/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Musa/*chemistry ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Plant Stems/*chemistry ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Vitamin B 6/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To search for the anticrystallization mechanism by vitamin B(6) and banana stem extract.<br><br>METHOD: Thirty-six male China-1 mice were divided into 4 groups: normal, crystallization, vitamin B(6) and banana-stem extract groups. Calcium oxalate crystallization was induced by 1% glycol and 1% ammonium chloride in the last 3 groups. Vitamin B(6) was then given to the 3rd group and banana stem extract to the 4th group for 3 weeks. At the end of 3 weeks, all the mice were sacrificed and the kidneys were taken for morphometrical studies using image analysis system and assayed for calcium oxalate.<br><br>RESULT: Morphometrical area density and numerical density of crystallization was significantly less in the vitamin B(6) group and the banana-stem extract group as compared with the crystallization group, being the least in the banana-stem extract group. Oxalate in renal tissue was also significantly reduced. Both vitamin B(6) and banana stem extract had no effect on renal tissue calcium.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Vitamin B(6) and banana-stem extract may be useful agents in the treatment of patients with hyperocaluric urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid11789360,
year = {2001},
author = {Reina Ruiz, MC and Conde Sánchez, JM and Domínguez Domínguez, M and Espinosa Olmedo, J and García Pérez, M},
title = {[Role of phosphate in recurrent calcium lithiasis. A current view].},
journal = {Archivos espanoles de urologia},
volume = {54},
number = {9},
pages = {1029-1035},
pmid = {11789360},
issn = {0004-0614},
mesh = {Calcium/*analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*drug therapy ; Male ; Phosphates/*therapeutic use ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biochemical impact of treatment with phosphates in patients with recurrent calcium lithiasis and hypercalciuria.<br><br>METHODS: 20 patients were selected according to the following criteria: normal renal function, recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis, hypercalciuria, hypophosphatemia, normal calcium and low tubular phosphate reabsorption (TPR). The mean duration of treatment was 7.5 +/- 3.8 months. The pre and post-treatment phosphatemia, calciuria, phosphaturia and TPR were analyzed. The results were analyzed by the Wilcoxon statistical method.<br><br>RESULTS: We found a moderate but significant decrease of calciuria (326.5 +/- 52-4 to 266.4 +/- 31.7 mg/24 h), while phosphatemia (2.21 +/- 0.09 to 2.52 +/- 0.30 mg/24 h) and TPR (65.7 +/- 6.3 to 71.3 +/- 4.1) increased significantly. Overall treatment was well-tolerated and no patient abandoned treatment.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The short-term biochemical results obtained are similar to those reported in the literature. However, definitive conclusions cannot be made since treatment application is not standardized and studies that demonstrate its clinical efficacy are scanty.},
}
@article {pmid11785335,
year = {2001},
author = {Gvozdenko, TA and Antoniuk, MV and Ivanova, IL and Ian'kova, VI},
title = {[Combined use of drinking mineral water and the natural enterosorbent zosterine in kidney stones (an experimental study)].},
journal = {Voprosy kurortologii, fizioterapii, i lechebnoi fizicheskoi kultury},
volume = {},
number = {5},
pages = {30-33},
pmid = {11785335},
issn = {0042-8787},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/physiopathology/*therapy ; Male ; *Mineral Waters ; *Polysaccharides ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; },
abstract = {A combined action of carbonic mineral waters of Shmakovsky and Mukhensky deposits and natural enterosorbent zosterin was studied in nephrocalcinosis in experiment. Taking carbonic mineral waters reduced intoxication, stimulates filtration and excretory renal functions. Zosterin delays calcium in the renal tissue in nephrocalcinosis. Therefore, these two factors were incompatible in animals with experimental renal affection.},
}
@article {pmid11748205,
year = {2002},
author = {Li, X and Zhao, H and Lockatell, CV and Drachenberg, CB and Johnson, DE and Mobley, HL},
title = {Visualization of Proteus mirabilis within the matrix of urease-induced bladder stones during experimental urinary tract infection.},
journal = {Infection and immunity},
volume = {70},
number = {1},
pages = {389-394},
pmid = {11748205},
issn = {0019-9567},
support = {R01 DK047920/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; AI23328/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Anthraquinones ; Bacteriuria/metabolism/*microbiology/pathology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Coloring Agents ; Disease Models, Animal ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; Kidney/metabolism/pathology ; Luminescent Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred CBA ; Microscopy, Confocal/methods ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods ; Proteus Infections/metabolism/*microbiology/pathology ; Proteus mirabilis/*metabolism/pathogenicity ; Urease/*adverse effects ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/chemically induced/*microbiology/pathology ; Virulence ; },
abstract = {The virulence of a urease-negative mutant of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis and its wild-type parent strain was assessed by using a CBA mouse model of catheterized urinary tract infection. Overall, catheterized mice were significantly more susceptible than uncatheterized mice to infection by wild-type P. mirabilis. At a high inoculum, the urease-negative mutant successfully colonized bladders of catheterized mice but did not cause urolithiasis and was still severely attenuated in its ability to ascend to kidneys. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we demonstrated the presence of P. mirabilis within the urease-induced stone matrix. Alizarin red S staining was used to detect calcium-containing deposits in bladder and kidney tissues of P. mirabilis-infected mice.},
}
@article {pmid11715639,
year = {2001},
author = {Fan, J and Schwille, PO and Schmiedl, A and Fink, E and Manoharan, M},
title = {Calcium oxalate crystallization in undiluted postprandial urine of healthy male volunteers as influenced by citrate.},
journal = {Arzneimittel-Forschung},
volume = {51},
number = {10},
pages = {848-857},
doi = {10.1055/s-0031-1300125},
pmid = {11715639},
issn = {0004-4172},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Citrates/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Crystallization ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Postprandial Period/*physiology ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Sodium/pharmacology ; Therapeutic Equivalency ; },
abstract = {The crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaOx) in undiluted urine of healthy male volunteers, collected 3 h after intake of a test meal, was evaluated. In two experiments in vitro either the urinary total citrate concentration was increased (urine A) or the urinary pH was elevated (urine B). In one clinical trial the bioequivalence of orally taken potassium citrate (PC) or potassium-sodium citrate (PSC) (n = 9) was studied, in two other trials the dose-response effects of oral PC (n = 8) and oral calcium-sodium citrate (CSC; n = 8). Elevation of urinary citrate (urine A) decreased CaOx crystallization (nucleation, growth, agglomeration time), the crystal content of calcium and oxalate was low and the one of citrate was high. Elevation of urinary pH (urine B) also inhibited CaOx crystallization, the calculated molar ratio free (ionised) citrate/free (ionised) calcium at pH 7.0 was about twice the value observed at pH 5.5, and the ratio complexed citrate/complexed calcium was low. PC and PSC, leading to high urinary citrate and pH, inhibited CaOx crystallization, the former at the stages nucleation, growth and agglomeration, the latter largely beyond nucleation. CSC increased calciuria and crystal growth, but left crystal agglomeration time unchanged. The urinary molar ratio total calcium/total citrate appeared to indicate the state of crystallization, as influenced by alkali containing citrate. It was concluded that 1) application of a technically simple test allows to study CaOx crystallization in undiluted urine; 2) changes in urinary pH and citrate manifest as altered CaOx crystallization, presumably inhibiting this process, the stage of nucleation included, via the action of free citrate and the formation of a calcium citrate complex (stoichiometry < 3:2); 3) oral intake of PC, PSC or CSC modulate differently CaOx crystallization. The significance of these findings, especially with CSC, for renal stone risk is uncertain, but awaits clarification by long-term studies using the described techniques and the calcium/citrate ratio in postprandial urine.},
}
@article {pmid11713390,
year = {2001},
author = {Tiselius, HG and Ackermann, D and Alken, P and Buck, C and Conort, P and Gallucci, M and , },
title = {Guidelines on urolithiasis.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {40},
number = {4},
pages = {362-371},
doi = {10.1159/000049803},
pmid = {11713390},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/physiopathology/therapy ; *Lithotripsy ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Ureteral Calculi/physiopathology/therapy ; Urinary Calculi/classification/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control/*therapy ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: A project was initiated by the Health Care Office of the European Association of Urology in order to formulate common recommendations and guidelines for the treatment of patients with urolithiasis. The basic task for the working group therefore was to extract and evaluate evidence from the literature in order to reach a consensus on how these patients could best be managed.<br><br>METHODS: Extensive reviews of the literature together with a thorough and detailed discussion of the various topics, by a working group including of experts from several European countries, provided the basis for a consensus overview of urolithiasis and its management.<br><br>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations are given for the management of patients with acute stone colic and for active removal of stones from the ureter and kidney. Moreover, the principles for risk evaluation of patients with recurrent stone formation and appropriate recurrence preventive treatment are given.},
}
@article {pmid11688768,
year = {2001},
author = {Singhal, S and Johnson, CA and Udelsman, R},
title = {Primary hyperparathyroidism: what every orthopedic surgeon should know.},
journal = {Orthopedics},
volume = {24},
number = {10},
pages = {1003-9; quiz 1010-1},
doi = {10.3928/0147-7447-20011001-26},
pmid = {11688768},
issn = {0147-7447},
mesh = {Aged ; Bone Diseases/*etiology/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium/metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Fractures, Bone/etiology/surgery ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications/diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica/etiology ; Parathyroidectomy ; Radiography ; },
abstract = {The diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism should rarely by missed by the orthopedic surgeon. When a patient presents with a pathologic fracture, routine serum calcium should be obtained. If there is evidence of elevated serum calcium or any of the pathognomonic findings of primary hyperparathyroidism on plain radiographs, total and ionized calcium and an intact parathyroid hormone levels should be obtained to make the diagnosis (Figure 5). When patients require surgical treatment for an orthopedic condition and also need surgery for hyperparathyroidism, the procedures can be safely performed simultaneously. Simultaneous parathyroidectomy corrects the underlying endocrinopathy, thereby improving the outcome of the orthopedic procedure. In addition, these procedures can easily be performed simultaneously under one anesthetic and thereby minimize cost and length of hospitalization.},
}
@article {pmid11559017,
year = {2001},
author = {Brown, DM and Wilson, MR and MacNee, W and Stone, V and Donaldson, K},
title = {Size-dependent proinflammatory effects of ultrafine polystyrene particles: a role for surface area and oxidative stress in the enhanced activity of ultrafines.},
journal = {Toxicology and applied pharmacology},
volume = {175},
number = {3},
pages = {191-199},
doi = {10.1006/taap.2001.9240},
pmid = {11559017},
issn = {0041-008X},
mesh = {Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-8/*genetics/metabolism ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Lung/*drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Microspheres ; Monocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Neutrophil Activation/drug effects/physiology ; Neutrophils/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; Particle Size ; Pneumonia/*chemically induced/metabolism/pathology ; Polystyrenes/administration &amp; dosage/*toxicity ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Surface Properties ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; },
abstract = {Studies into the effects of ultrafine particles in the lung have shown adverse effects considered to be due in part to the particle size. Air pollution particles (PM(10)) are associated with exacerbations of respiratory disease and deaths from cardiovascular causes in epidemiological studies and the ultrafine fraction of PM(10) has been hypothesized to play an important role. The aim of the present study was to investigate proinflammatory responses to various sizes of polystyrene particles as a simple model of particles of varying size including ultrafine. In the animal model, we demonstrated that there was a significantly greater neutrophil influx into the rat lung after instillation of 64-nm polystyrene particles compared with 202- and 535-nm particles and this was mirrored in other parameters of lung inflammation, such as increased protein and lactate dehydrogenase in bronchoalveolar lavage. When surface area instilled was plotted against inflammation, these two variables were directly proportional and the line passed through zero. This suggests that surface area drives inflammation in the short term and that ultrafine particles cause a greater inflammatory response because of the greater surface area they possess. In vitro, we measured the changes in intracellular calcium concentration in mono mac 6 cells in view of the potential role of calcium as a signaling molecule. Calcium changes after particle exposure may be important in leading to proinflammatory gene expression such as chemokines. We demonstrated that only ultrafine polystyrene particles induced a significant increase in cytosolic calcium ion concentration. Experiments using dichlorofluorescin diacetate demonstrated greater oxidant activity of the ultrafine particles, which may explain their activity in these assays. There were significant increases in IL-8 gene expression in A549 epithelial cells after treatment with the ultrafine particles but not particles of other sizes. These findings suggest that ultrafine particles composed of low-toxicity material such as polystyrene have proinflammatory activity as a consequence of their large surface area. This supports a role for such particles in the adverse health effects of PM(10).},
}
@article {pmid11532110,
year = {2001},
author = {Tessier, J and Petrucci, M and Trouvé, ML and Valiquette, L and Guay, G and Ouimet, D and Bonnardeaux, A},
title = {A family-based study of metabolic phenotypes in calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {60},
number = {3},
pages = {1141-1147},
doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0600031141.x},
pmid = {11532110},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/*urine ; Canada ; Family ; France/ethnology ; Humans ; Magnesium/blood ; Middle Aged ; *Nuclear Family ; Phenotype ; Phosphates/blood ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urinary Calculi/blood/*genetics/urine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A family history increases the risk of kidney stone passage independent of dietary risk factors. However, the metabolic basis for familial aggregation of urolithiasis is unknown.<br><br>METHODS: We evaluated metabolic risk factors in families with at least two sibs with a history of calcium stones. Sibs underwent outpatient evaluations simultaneously, including 24-hour urine collection and oral calcium loading. Phenotypes were compared between affected and unaffected sibs from the same sibship.<br><br>RESULTS: Eighty-three sibships comprising 388 sibs (212 affected sibs, 114 males and 98 females, and 176 unaffected sibs, 68 males and 108 females) from 71 families were analyzed. Daily urine calcium excretion was higher in affected compared with unaffected sibs (0.64 +/- 0.33 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.22 mmol Ca(2+)/mmol creatinine, respectively, P < 10(-5)). This corresponded to absolute values of 7.4 +/- 3.9 and 5.1 +/- 2.3 mmol Ca(2+)/day, respectively, for affected and unaffected males, and 5.4 +/- 2.6 and 4.2 +/- 1.9 mmol Ca(2+)/day, respectively, for affected and unaffected female sibs. When analyzed by tertile of onset age of stone passage, the differences in urine calcium were only significant in the first two tertiles (with onset age of stone passage <35 years). The fasting urine Ca(2+)/creatinine ratio was significantly higher in stone formers compared with control sibs (0.46 +/- 0.27 vs. 0.40 +/- 0.27, P = 0.04), as was the postcalcium load Ca(2+)/creatinine ratio (0.57 +/- 0.46 vs. 0.43 +/- 0.41, respectively, P = 0.02). Body mass index was marginally significantly higher in stone forming sibs (P = 0.04). Other urine phenotypes, including oxalate, phosphate, magnesium, citrate, urate, sodium, ammonium, and volume, were not associated with stone passage.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Increased urine calcium excretion is the only phenotype associated with a kidney stone formation in these French-Canadian families.},
}
@article {pmid11530173,
year = {2001},
author = {Bihl, G and Meyers, A},
title = {Recurrent renal stone disease-advances in pathogenesis and clinical management.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {358},
number = {9282},
pages = {651-656},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05782-8},
pmid = {11530173},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Acute Disease ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/diagnosis/etiology/*therapy ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {Kidney stones are common in industrialised nations: up to 15% of white men and 6% of all women will develop one stone, with recurrence in about half these people. Risk factors for formation of stones include urinary promoters (calcium, urate, cystine, and sodium) and urinary inhibitors (magnesium, citrate, and nephrocalcin). Acute renal colic can be precipitated by dehydration and reduced urine output, increased protein intake, heavy physical exercise, and various medicines. Such colic manifests as severe loin pain and can be accompanied by frequent urination, dysuria, oliguria, and haematuria. Documentation of stone characteristics is extremely important: type, size, location, and underlying metabolic abnormalities. Such details can be obtained with a combination of biochemical investigations, microscopic examination of urine under polarised light, and an intravenous pyelogram. Ultrasonography and plain abdominal radiographs are also useful, especially for patients unable to tolerate an intravenous pyelogram. Acute therapy includes complete pain relief, rehydration, and encouragement of diuresis. Long-term management encompasses education of patients with regard to diet and fluid intake, control of calciuria, citrate replacement, and treatment of any underlying urinary-tract infection or metabolic abnormality. Stones smaller than 5 mm normally pass spontaneously, whereas larger stones, as big as 2 cm, are best treated with extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. All physicians should have a clear understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical management (acute treatment and prevention of recurrence) of renal stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid11464116,
year = {2001},
author = {Coen, G and Sardella, D and Barbera, G and Ferrannini, M and Comegna, C and Ferazzoli, F and Dinnella, A and D'Anello, E and Simeoni, P},
title = {Urinary composition and lithogenic risk in normal subjects following oligomineral versus bicarbonate-alkaline high calcium mineral water intake.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {67},
number = {1},
pages = {49-53},
doi = {10.1159/000050944},
pmid = {11464116},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Adult ; Bicarbonates/*adverse effects ; Calcium/*adverse effects/analysis ; Drinking ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/*etiology ; Male ; Mineral Waters/*adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Urine/*chemistry ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: A normal dietary calcium intake to reduce intestinal oxalate absorption is essential to avoid recurrence of calcium oxalate stone formation. It is also important in the prevention of osteopenia in idiopathic hypercalciuria. The calcium content of waters used for hydration may vary from very low to relatively high and is an important factor in prevention or additional risk of stone formation. Therefore, the effect of drinking mineral waters of different calcium concentrations on lithogenic risk factors was studied in normal volunteers.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal subjects were divided into two groups of 11 and 10 individuals each. All followed a prescribed diet with an average calcium content of 800 mg/day. The water intake for hydration consisted of 2 liters of an oligomineral water with a low calcium content, <20 mg/l (group A) or of a bicarbonate alkaline water with a high calcium content, 370 mg/l (group B).<br><br>RESULTS: Diuresis increased similarly in both groups; urine calcium increased by about 80 mg/day in group B. A rise in urine oxalate was observed in both groups, along with the increased urine volume. Osmolar excretion increased in group B; urine osmolality decreased significantly only in group A. In spite of the increase in calciuria in group B, Ca/citrate ratio was constant, due to an increase in citrate excretion. Inter-group differences in terms of activity products of calcium phosphate, calculated according with Tiselius's methods, were found. The differences in AP(CaP) index 1 and AP(CaP) index 2 were significant, with higher values in group B, who drank the bicarbonate alkaline mineral water.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Increased water intake between meals to prevent renal stone recurrence should preferably be achieved with a relatively low calcium water and calcium-rich mineral waters should be avoided.},
}
@article {pmid11464041,
year = {2001},
author = {Yasui, T and Tanaka, H and Fujita, K and Iguchi, M and Kohri, K},
title = {Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on urinary calcium excretion in calcium stone formers.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {39},
number = {5},
pages = {580-585},
doi = {10.1159/000052507},
pmid = {11464041},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Cholesterol/blood ; Eicosapentaenoic Acid/analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Phospholipids/blood ; Triglycerides/blood ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/urine ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The low incidence of atherosclerosis and other degenerative disease, including urolithiasis, in the Greenland Eskimo has been attributed to their high consumption of oily fish with its high concentration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). With a westernized diet, the oxygenated products of renal prostaglandin synthesis are metabolites of the n-6 series and these are known to play important roles in several pathophysiological processes involved in calcium stone formation. Buck's group presented a hypothesis that the initiating factor for lithiasis triggers prostaglandin synthesis, and showed that this influenced by EPA treatment.<br><br>METHOD: In order to ascertain the effects of EPA on plasma lipids and urinary parameters, we undertook a clinical study whereby a highly purified preparation was administrated (1,800 mg/day) to 88 patients with urinary stones for 3 months (short term) and 18 months (long term).<br><br>RESULTS: Hyperlipemia improved the affected individuals and urinary calcium was significantly reduced in the hypercalciuric but not in the normocalciuric group.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The results suggest that EPA by reducing urinary calcium might favorably affect urine composition in a way that possibly reduces the risk of calcium stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid11425322,
year = {2001},
author = {Vrettos, JS and Stone, DA and Brudvig, GW},
title = {Quantifying the ion selectivity of the Ca2+ site in photosystem II: evidence for direct involvement of Ca2+ in O2 formation.},
journal = {Biochemistry},
volume = {40},
number = {26},
pages = {7937-7945},
doi = {10.1021/bi010679z},
pmid = {11425322},
issn = {0006-2960},
support = {GM32715/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Binding, Competitive ; Calcium/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/*metabolism ; Cations, Divalent/metabolism ; Cations, Monovalent/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Metals/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Oxygen/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/*metabolism ; Peptides/metabolism ; Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/*metabolism ; Photosystem II Protein Complex ; Protein Binding ; Spinacia oleracea ; Strontium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Calcium is an essential cofactor in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII). The removal of Ca2+ or its substitution by any metal ion except Sr2+ inhibits oxygen evolution. We used steady-state enzyme kinetics to measure the rate of O2 evolution in PSII samples treated with an extensive series of mono-, di-, and trivalent metal ions in order to determine the basis for the affinity of metal ions for the Ca2+-binding site. Our results show that the Ca2+-binding site in PSII behaves very similarly to the Ca2+-binding sites in other proteins, and we discuss the implications this has for the structure of the site in PSII. Activity measurements as a function of time show that the binding site achieves equilibrium in 4 h for all of the PSII samples investigated. The binding affinities of the metal ions are modulated by the 17 and 23 kDa extrinsic polypeptides; their removal decreases the free energy of binding of the metal ions by 2.5 kcal/mol, but does not significantly change the time required to reach equilibrium. Monovalent ions are effectively excluded from the Ca2+-binding site, exhibiting no inhibition of O2 evolution. Di- and trivalent metal ions with ionic radii similar to that of Ca2+ (0.99 A) bind competitively with Ca2+ and have the highest binding affinity, while smaller metal ions bind more weakly and much larger ones do not bind competitively. This is consistent with a size-selective Ca2+-binding site that has a rigid array of coordinating ligands. Despite the large number of metal ions that competitively replace Ca2+ in the OEC, only Sr2+ is capable of partially restoring activity. Comparing the physical characteristics of the metal ions studied, we identify the pK(a) of the aqua ion as the factor that determines the functional competence of the metal ion. This suggests that Ca2+ is directly involved in the chemistry of water oxidation and is not only a structural cofactor in the OEC. We propose that the role of Ca2+ is to act as a Lewis acid, binding a substrate water molecule and tuning its reactivity.},
}
@article {pmid11422761,
year = {2001},
author = {Prié, D and Ravery, V and Boccon-Gibod, L and Friedlander, G},
title = {Frequency of renal phosphate leak among patients with calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {60},
number = {1},
pages = {272-276},
doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00796.x},
pmid = {11422761},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/urine ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Reference Values ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nephrolithiasis is a frequent disorder affecting 10 to 15% of the population in Europe and the United States. More than 80% of renal stones are made of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The main identified risks for calcium renal stone formation are hypercalciuria and urinary saturation. A urine phosphate (Pi) loss is often associated with hypercalciuria; furthermore, hyperphosphaturia increases urinary saturation.<br><br>METHODS: To determine whether urinary phosphate loss is associated with calcium urolithiasis, we measured renal Pi threshold (TmPi) in 207 stone formers with normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) serum concentration and in 105 control subjects.<br><br>RESULTS: The TmPi followed a normal distribution in both groups. The mean TmPi was significantly lower in stone formers versus controls (0.72 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.87 +/- 0.18 mmol/L, P < 0.0001) because of a shift to the left of the TmPi distribution curve in the stone former population, with no evidence for bimodal distribution. Five percent of the controls had a TmPi <0.63 versus 19% of the stone formers. Daily urinary calcium excretion was significantly higher in stone formers than in controls. Calcium excretion was also significantly higher in stone formers with TmPi <0.63 mmol/L compared with those with TmPi > or =0.63. Serum PTH and ionized calcium concentrations were not different in stone formers and in control subjects, whatever the TmPi value.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: : A low TmPi is more frequently encountered in stone formers with a normal PTH concentration than in control subjects and is associated with a high urinary Ca excretion. The hypophosphatemia induced by a renal phosphate leak may predispose the subject to calcium stone formation by increasing the serum calcitriol level, calcium excretion, and urinary saturation.},
}
@article {pmid11386878,
year = {2001},
author = {Zauner, KP and Conrad, M},
title = {Enzymatic computing.},
journal = {Biotechnology progress},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {553-559},
doi = {10.1021/bp010004n},
pmid = {11386878},
issn = {8756-7938},
mesh = {Calcium/chemistry/metabolism ; Enzymes/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnesium/chemistry/metabolism ; Malate Dehydrogenase/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; *Models, Molecular ; Osmolar Concentration ; Protein Conformation ; },
abstract = {The conformational dynamics of enzymes is a computational resource that fuses milieu signals in a nonlinear fashion. Response surface methodology can be used to elicit computational functionality from enzyme dynamics. We constructed a tabletop prototype to implement enzymatic signal processing in a device context and employed it in conjunction with malate dehydrogenase to perform the linearly inseparable exclusive-or operation. This shows that proteins can execute signal processing operations that are more complex than those performed by individual threshold elements. We view the experiments reported, though restricted to the two-variable case, as a stepping stone to computational networks that utilize the precise reproducibility of proteins, and the concomitant reproducibility of their nonlinear dynamics, to implement complex pattern transformations.},
}
@article {pmid11316240,
year = {2001},
author = {Smith, CL and Kristensen, C and Davis, M and Abraham, PA},
title = {An evaluation of the physicochemical risk for renal stone disease during pregnancy.},
journal = {Clinical nephrology},
volume = {55},
number = {3},
pages = {205-211},
pmid = {11316240},
issn = {0301-0430},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*urine ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/blood/*urine ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {Seventeen subjects were studied during the third trimester of pregnancy (PG) and post partum (NPG) to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on the physicochemical risk of renal stone disease. Levels of urinary saturation for calcium oxalate (CaOx), brushite (Br), uric acid (UA), and monosodium urate (NaU) were determined as well as urinary excretions of stone-forming elements. In addition to urinary calcium excretion, assessment of calcium metabolism included serum calcium and parathyroid hormone. Urinary calcium excretion was 251 +/- 127 mg/day during pregnancy and 121 +/- 67 mg/day post partum (p < 0.001). This was associated with a higher intake of dietary calcium and altered renal handling of calcium with an increase in the filtered load and a decrease in renal tubular reabsorption. The increase in urinary calcium resulted in a higher level of saturation of the urine for calcium oxalate (NPG 2.1 +/- 1.0 vs PG 3.0 +/- 1.1, p < 0.02) and brushite (NPG 1.2 +/- 0.9 vs PG 1.9 +/- 1.1, p < 0.05) compatible with an increased risk of stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid11297526,
year = {2001},
author = {Mayer, MR and Stone, MJ},
title = {Identification of receptor binding and activation determinants in the N-terminal and N-loop regions of the CC chemokine eotaxin.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {276},
number = {17},
pages = {13911-13916},
doi = {10.1074/jbc.M011202200},
pmid = {11297526},
issn = {0021-9258},
support = {GM-55055/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Alanine/chemistry ; Asparagine/chemistry ; Binding, Competitive ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chemokine CCL11 ; *Chemokines, CC ; Cytokines/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Leucine/chemistry ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Mutation ; Phenylalanine/chemistry ; Protein Binding ; Threonine/chemistry ; Time Factors ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; },
abstract = {Eotaxin is a CC chemokine that specifically activates the receptor CCR3 causing accumulation of eosinophils in allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Twelve amino acid residues in the N-terminal (residues 1-8) and N-loop (residues 11-20) regions of eotaxin have been individually mutated to alanine, and the ability of the mutants to bind and activate CCR3 has been determined in cell-based assays. The alanine mutants at positions Thr(7), Asn(12), Leu(13), and Leu(20) show near wild type binding affinity and activity. The mutants T8A, N15A, and K17A have near wild type binding affinity for CCR3 but reduced receptor activation. A third class of mutants, S4A, V5A, R16A, and I18A, display significantly perturbed binding affinity for CCR3 while retaining the ability to activate or partially activate the receptor. Finally, the mutant Phe(11) has little detectable activity and 20-fold reduced binding affinity relative to wild type eotaxin, the most dramatic effect observed in both assays but less dramatic than the effect of mutating the corresponding residue in some other chemokines. Taken together, the results indicate that residues contributing to receptor binding affinity and those required for triggering receptor activation are distributed throughout the N-terminal and N-loop regions. This conclusion is in contrast to the separation of binding and activation functions between N-loop and N-terminal regions, respectively, that has been observed previously for some other chemokines.},
}
@article {pmid11262895,
year = {2000},
author = {Kocvara, R and Plasgura, P and Petrík, A and Louzenský, G and Bartonícková, K},
title = {[Metaphylaxis in the first occurrence of urolithiasis].},
journal = {Casopis lekaru ceskych},
volume = {139 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {16-18},
pmid = {11262895},
issn = {0008-7335},
mesh = {Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Recurrence ; Urinary Calculi/*diet therapy/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Urolithiasis is a socially important disease with a high tendency to recurrences. By specific medicamentous metaphylaxis it is possible to achieve an as high as tenfold reduction of recurrences, however, regular check-ups focussed on possible side-effects are required. The objective of the project was to assess prospectively the effectiveness of non-medicamentous metaphylaxis in patients with the first kidney stone. In 113 patients, a fluid and specific dietary regimen were recommended based on a comprehensive diagnosis of metabolic disorders (Table 1) and the regimen was modified with regard to results of metabolic check-up examinations after 6, 18, and 36 months (group 1). Ninety-four patients were recommended a fluid and non-specific dietary regimen after a limited metabolic evaluation with a subsequent check-up after 36 months (group 2). The two groups were clinically comparable. A stone recurrence developed in 7 (6%) patients of the group 1 and in 18 (19%) of the group 2 (p < 0.01). The difference was even greater after including the growth of the concrement (7% and 23%). The patients with a recurrence or growth of a stone had more frequently weddellite in the concrement and had also more frequently a bilateral residual or conservatively managed urolithiasis (p < 0.0001). Half the recurrencies were asymptomatic. The development of metabolic disorders in the group 1 indicated a gradual decrease of uric acid in serum and urine (p < 0.01) although it was not yet significant after 6 months. There was also a significant increase of calciuria (p < 0.01), most probably in conjunction with a regular calcium intake.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Specific non-medicamentous metaphylaxis with an adequate calcium intake leads to a lower incidence of stone recurrences than a non-specific fluid and dietary regimen. It is justified to introduce the specific metaphylaxis in all patients after the first diagnosis of a kidney stone. It ensures subsequent adjustment of the individual diet which the patient is more likely to adhere to than to general non-specific instructions.},
}
@article {pmid11223695,
year = {2001},
author = {Trinchieri, A and Zanetti, G and Currò, A and Lizzano, R},
title = {Effect of potential renal acid load of foods on calcium metabolism of renal calcium stone formers.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {39 Suppl 2},
number = {},
pages = {33-6; discussion 36-7},
doi = {10.1159/000052556},
pmid = {11223695},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Acids ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Diet has been proposed as a causative factor of hypercalciuria in patients with calcium stones. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of diet on calcium metabolism of renal stone formers.<br><br>METHODS: Thirty-five renal calcium stone formers were entered in this study. A 2-day recall of dietary intake was obtained from each subject. The food records were coded and computer analyzed for total energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, oxalate, vitamin C and fiber. Daily potential renal acid load (PRAL) of the diet was calculated considering the mineral and protein composition of foods, the mean intestinal absorption rate for each nutrient and the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. A fasting blood sample was drawn and a 24-hour urine collection were obtained for analyses of calcium, phosphate and creatinine. Serum osteocalcin was also analyzed. A fasting 2-hour urine sample was collected in the morning for hydroxyproline, pyridinium cross-links and creatinine.<br><br>RESULTS: The mean daily dietary PRAL of renal stone formers was 22.4 +/- 15.7 (range 4.2-65.8) mEq/day. Regression analysis demonstrated that urinary calcium excretion is dependent on daily protein intake and dietary PRAL, whereas the urinary pyridinium cross-links/creatinine ratio is inversely dependent on daily calcium intake. The urinary pyridinium cross-links/creatinine ratio was significantly lower in patients on a low calcium diet (< 600 mg/day) than in other patients (19.5 +/- 7.8 vs. 27.3 +/- 7.5 nM/mM, p = 0.008). No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups for daily urinary calcium (254 +/- 109 vs. 258 +/- 140 mg/day), serum osteocalcin (8.2 +/- 3.3 vs. 6.2 +/- 2.4 ng/ml) and urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine (14.1 +/- 7.4 vs. 10.3 +/- 4 mg/g).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The urinary calcium excretion of renal stone formers seems to be dependent on dietary acid load rather than dietary calcium intake. In patients consuming an acidifying diet a restriction of calcium intake could increase bone resorption leading to a progressive bone loss.},
}
@article {pmid11181812,
year = {2001},
author = {Göbel, U and Kettritz, R and Schneider, W and Luft, FC},
title = {The protean face of renal sarcoidosis.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {12},
number = {3},
pages = {616-623},
doi = {10.1681/ASN.V123616},
pmid = {11181812},
issn = {1046-6673},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/pathology ; Kidney Diseases/immunology/*pathology/physiopathology ; Kidney Glomerulus/pathology ; Nephritis, Interstitial/pathology ; Nephrocalcinosis/pathology ; Organ Transplantation ; Sarcoidosis/immunology/*pathology/physiopathology ; Urologic Diseases/pathology ; },
}
@article {pmid11168684,
year = {2000},
author = {Terai, A and Okada, Y and Ohkawa, T and Ogawa, O and Yoshida, O},
title = {Changes in the incidence of lower urinary tract stones in japan from 1965 to 1995.},
journal = {International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association},
volume = {7},
number = {12},
pages = {452-456},
doi = {10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00229.x},
pmid = {11168684},
issn = {0919-8172},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Japan ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*epidemiology/etiology/metabolism ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The changes over time of the annual incidence of lower urinary tract stones in Japan from 1965 to 1995 were analyzed.<br><br>METHODS: Data on lower urinary tract calculi were abstracted from the past three nationwide surveys of urolithiasis, which covered nearly all major hospitals and urologists in Japan and enumerated all outpatient visits diagnosed as urolithiasis in the years 1965, 1975, 1985 and 1995. Chronological changes in the sex- and age-related annual incidences of lower urinary tract stones and stone composition were estimated.<br><br>RESULTS: Lower urinary tract stones were predominant in men 60 years of age or older. Between 1965 and 1995, the annual incidence has significantly decreased in men > or = 60 years of age from 37.2 to 27.0 per 100000 and significantly increased in women > or = 60 years of age from 2.4 to 4.8 per 100000. In men, an increased proportion of uric acid and calcium stones as well as a decreased frequency of infection stones is a phenomenon common to upper urinary tract stones. However, infection and calcium stones have been two major stone types in women.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to upper urinary tract calculi, the incidence of lower urinary tract stones has decreased over the last 30 years in men > or = 60 years of age predisposed to this disease.},
}
@article {pmid11149113,
year = {2000},
author = {Polito, C and La Manna, A and Cioce, F and Villani, J and Nappi, B and Di Toro, R},
title = {Clinical presentation and natural course of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {15},
number = {3-4},
pages = {211-214},
doi = {10.1007/s004670000433},
pmid = {11149113},
issn = {0931-041X},
mesh = {Abdominal Pain/diagnostic imaging ; Adolescent ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium/*urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Flank Pain/diagnostic imaging ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria/complications ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging/etiology/*urine ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC) has been reported mainly in children with hematuria in the 1980s and early 1990s, when renal sonography was just becoming routine. The presence of microcalculi, i.e., of hyperechogenic spots < 3 mm in diameter in renal calyces, was not taken into account in those studies. We attempted to outline clinical presentation and natural course of IHC not only in children with hematuria, but also in those with dysuria and/or recurrent abdominal/flank pain and a family history of nephrolithiasis, taking into account the finding of microcalculi. We analyzed retrospectively the data at diagnosis from 74 consecutive children aged 2.4-18 years (mean 8.6) with IHC (calciuria 4.1-15.1 mg kg-1 24 h-1, mean 6.1) and the outcome of 30 of them who were followed > or = 1 years (mean 3.2) with no specific therapy. At diagnosis, 38 patients (51%) had no hematuria, 42 (57%) had microcalculi and four (5%) had calculi. Of the patients with normal urinalysis, 71% had microcalculi or stones. The subjects with microcalculi and those with stones were significantly older than those without microcalculi and stones (P = 0.004 and 0.007). A normal urinalysis at our evaluation and a history of abdominal/flank pain were significantly more frequent in patients with microcalculi than in those without (P = 0.02 and 0.0001, respectively). During the follow-up, four of 30 patients formed stones 1-3 years after first diagnosis of IHC. More than half of children with IHC have microcalculi. The risk of formation of microcalculi or stones increases with age. The lack of hematuria does not exclude the presence of microcalculi or calculi. Hypercalciuria has to be suspected in children with dysuria and/or recurrent abdominal flank pain and a family history of nephrolithiasis, even when they have no hematuria.},
}
@article {pmid11148723,
year = {2000},
author = {Tiselius, HG},
title = {Metabolic evaluation and therapy.},
journal = {Current opinion in urology},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {545-549},
doi = {10.1097/00042307-200011000-00002},
pmid = {11148723},
issn = {0963-0643},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Forecasting ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism/*therapy ; },
abstract = {The recurrent formation of stones in the urinary tract is a well-recognized clinical problem. Unfortunately, progress in the medical care of these patients has not paralleled that of the surgical care. There are, however, several steps that can be taken to reduce the recurrence rate. In this regard it is desirable to identify patients at risk and to find risk factors that need to be eliminated. The extent of biochemical evaluation and the form of stone preventive treatment in patients with calcium stone formation is presently a matter of debate. This review focuses on some current aspects on the analysis of risk factors for calcium stone formation. The present situation on recurrence prevention using dietary and pharmacological measures is also summarized.},
}
@article {pmid11115837,
year = {2000},
author = {Wang, SS and Devuyst, O and Courtoy, PJ and Wang, XT and Wang, H and Wang, Y and Thakker, RV and Guggino, S and Guggino, WB},
title = {Mice lacking renal chloride channel, CLC-5, are a model for Dent's disease, a nephrolithiasis disorder associated with defective receptor-mediated endocytosis.},
journal = {Human molecular genetics},
volume = {9},
number = {20},
pages = {2937-2945},
doi = {10.1093/hmg/9.20.2937},
pmid = {11115837},
issn = {0964-6906},
support = {DK 43423/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK32753/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chloride Channels/deficiency/*genetics/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endocytosis/*physiology ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) affects 5-10% of adults and is most commonly associated with hypercalciuria, which may be due to monogenic renal tubular disorders. One such hypercalciuric disorder is Dent's disease, which is characterized by renal proximal tubular defects that include low molecular weight proteinuria, aminoaciduria and glycosuria, together with rickets in some patients. Dent's disease is due to inactivating mutations of the renal-specific voltage-gated chloride channel, CLC-5, which is expressed in the proximal tubule, thick ascending limb and collecting duct. The subcellular localization of CLC-5 to the proximal tubular endosomes has suggested a role in endocytosis, and to facilitate in vivo investigations of CLC-5 in Dent's disease we generated mice lacking CLC-5 by targeted gene disruption. CLC-5-deficient mice developed renal tubular defects which included low molecular weight (<70 kDa) proteinuria, generalized aminoaciduria that was more pronounced for neutral and polar amino acids, and glycosuria. They also developed hypercalciuria and renal calcium deposits and some had deformities of the spine. Furthermore, endocytosis as assessed by horseradish peroxidase uptake in the proximal tubule was severely impaired in CLC-5-deficient mice, thereby demonstrating a role for CLC-5 in endosomal uptake of low molecular weight proteins. Thus, CLC-5-deficient mice provide a model for Dent's disease and this will help in elucidating the function of this chloride channel in endocytosis and renal calcium homeostasis.},
}
@article {pmid11107873,
year = {2000},
author = {Bednarek-Tupikowska, G and Dunajska, K and Milewicz, A},
title = {[Characteristic features of primary hyperparathyroidism caused by parathyroid cancer--based on 2 cases].},
journal = {Przeglad lekarski},
volume = {57},
number = {6},
pages = {356-357},
pmid = {11107873},
issn = {0033-2240},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/diagnosis/etiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carcinoma/complications/diagnosis/secondary/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*diagnosis/*etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/*diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/etiology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy ; Palpation ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/*complications/diagnosis/therapy ; Reoperation ; },
abstract = {Two cases of women with primary hyperparathyroidism caused by parathyroid cancer were presented. The authors noticed the following characteristic features of primary hyperparathyroidism in the course of the cancer: rich clinical symptomatology usually in form of considerable bone destruction, renal stones and nephrocalcinosis, biochemically very high level of calcium, above 14-16 mg%, threatening with hypercalcemic crisis and considerably higher parathormone serum concentration even up to twenty times above the norm. Parathyroid cancer, more often than adenoma, is a stiff and large neck tumour accessible for palpation. There are no specific biochemical and imagining examination techniques to recognise beyond any doubt the cancer character of primary hyperparathyroidism before operation. The histopathological diagnosis of this cancer is difficult and is not usually done intraoperatively. The recurrences of the malignancy are typical and they require reoperations after stating places of relapse or metastases.},
}
@article {pmid11025687,
year = {2000},
author = {Nakagawa, Y and Asplin, JR and Goldfarb, DS and Parks, JH and Coe, FL},
title = {Clinical use of cystine supersaturation measurements.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {164},
number = {5},
pages = {1481-1485},
pmid = {11025687},
issn = {0022-5347},
support = {DK47631/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cystinuria/*urine ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/urine ; Risk Factors ; Solubility ; *Specimen Handling ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: We measured the concentration and solubility of cystine in urine from patients with cystinuria or calcium stones and from normal subjects to determine whether urine cystine supersaturation can be calculated from a standard nomogram of solubility versus pH or needs to be measured directly. We also evaluated whether increasing pH of the 24-hour collection recovered enough crystallized cystine to increase cystine supersaturation.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cystine concentration, pH and usual stone risk factors were measured on 50 ml. aliquots of 24-hour collections from 24 patients with cystinuria, 22 calcium stone formers and 15 normal subjects. After 48 hours of incubation with sodium bicarbonate, a second aliquot was taken from the 24-hour collection for cystine concentration. The original urine at its ambient pH was incubated with an excess of cystine crystals for 24, 48, 72 or 96 hours at 37C to determine solubility and kinetics of equilibration.<br><br>RESULTS: Cystine solubility varied so widely at any pH range that no predictive nomogram could be relied on for calculating supersaturation. Addition of sodium bicarbonate to the 24-hour urine significantly increased cystine concentration. Urine from stone formers had higher cystine solubility than urine from normal subjects.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Clinical management of cystinuria can be improved by direct measurement of cystine solubility because it varies widely at any given pH. Increasing 24-hour collection pH with sodium bicarbonate additionally improves accuracy of supersaturation measurement by recovering crystallized cystine.},
}
@article {pmid10985980,
year = {2000},
author = {McGill, NW},
title = {Gout and other crystal-associated arthropathies.},
journal = {Bailliere's best practice &amp; research. Clinical rheumatology},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {445-460},
doi = {10.1053/berh.2000.0087},
pmid = {10985980},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Calcium Pyrophosphate/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Gout/*diagnosis/*therapy ; Humans ; Joint Diseases/*diagnosis/etiology/*therapy ; Uric Acid/blood ; },
abstract = {Intra-articular crystals (monosodium urate monohydrate, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate, basic calcium phosphates) can cause acute and chronic inflammation and joint damage. Identification of the crystals by polarized microscopy is the key step in diagnosis but improved reliability of synovial examination is required. Treatment of disorders associated with gout or calcium pyrophosphate deposition may reduce non-joint morbidity and assist treatment of the arthritis. Various forms of anti-inflammatory therapy work for acute crystal-induced arthritis; prompt commencement is usually more important than which option is used. In gout, recurrent attacks are usual, but hypouricaemic therapy is almost never urgent, is life-long, and is too often negated by poor compliance. In most patients, allopurinol or any of the potent uricosuric drugs will allow maintenance of normouricaemia but renal failure, renal calculi, transplantation, and allopurinol allergy narrow the options and complicate management.},
}
@article {pmid10978396,
year = {2000},
author = {Messa, P and Londero, D and Massarino, F and Paganin, L and Mioni, G and Zattoni, F and Cannella, G},
title = {Abnormal arachidonic acid content of red blood cell membranes and main lithogenic factors in stone formers.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {15},
number = {9},
pages = {1388-1393},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/15.9.1388},
pmid = {10978396},
issn = {0931-0509},
mesh = {Adult ; Arachidonic Acid/*blood ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Docosahexaenoic Acids/blood ; Erythrocyte Membrane/*metabolism ; Fatty Acids/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*blood ; Linoleic Acid/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Reference Values ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Increased arachidonic acid content in red blood cell membranes of stone formers (SF) has recently been reported and is hypothesized as representing the underlying causal factor for both hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria. We performed the present study to see whether we could confirm this finding and to test whether any relationship exists between the fatty acid composition of red blood cell membranes and the main metabolic factors involved in stone formation.<br><br>METHODS: In 21 SF and 40 healthy controls subjects the fatty acid composition of red blood cell membranes was assessed. In addition, the following parameters were evaluated in SF: daily and fasting urinary calcium excretion, fractional intestinal calcium absorption, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone, hydroxyproline in fasting urine, daily urinary excretion of oxalate, citrate, urate, electrolytes, urea, sulphate, relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate monohydrate.<br><br>RESULTS: The red blood cell membrane of SF had a lower content of arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid than that of control subjects. Arachidonic acid content was not correlated with any of the parameters studied. However, when patients were grouped according to the degree of oxalate excretion, hyperoxaluric SF had a higher arachidonic acid content and arachidonic/linoleic acid ratio than SF with normal oxalate excretion.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not confirm the finding of an increased arachidonic acid content of red blood cell membrane in SF. On the contrary, reduced arachidonic acid levels were found in our patients. However, hyperoxaluric SF had a relatively higher arachidonic acid content than SF with normal urinary oxalate excretion.},
}
@article {pmid10975318,
year = {2000},
author = {Alon, US and Berenbom, A},
title = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria of childhood: 4- to 11-year outcome.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {14},
number = {10-11},
pages = {1011-1015},
doi = {10.1007/s004670050064},
pmid = {10975318},
issn = {0931-041X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/*urine ; Child ; Creatinine/urine ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/*diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Natriuresis ; Potassium/urine ; Potassium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {Apart from a minority with urolithiasis, the majority of children diagnosed with idiopathic hypercalciuria present with macro- or microhematuria, abdominal or back pain, or voiding symptoms. With dietary and pharmacological interventions, most such children become asymptomatic and are lost to follow-up, hence their long-term outcome is unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the status of 14 males and 19 females aged 8-17 years (mean 11.9 years, median 11.2 years) 4-11 years (mean 6.9 years, median 6.5 years) after the initial diagnosis of idiopathic hypercalciuria not associated with urolithiasis. A questionnaire was answered and two random urine samples provided 3-4 weeks apart were analyzed for calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and creatinine (Cr). Urine Ca/Cr ratio > or =20.21 (mg/mg) was defined as hypercalciuria. At the time of the study none were under follow-up, although 7 children were still exhibiting voiding symptoms. No child developed clinical urolithiasis. Based on the first urine specimen, 16 of the 33 (48.4%) were hypercalciuric. Their 2nd urinalysis showed persistent hypercalciuria in 8 and normocalciuria in 8. Urine Na/K ratio (mEq/mEq) decreased in the latter 8 from 5.08+/-2.67 to 3.03+/-2.23 (P<0.05). Of the 17 initially normocalciuric children, 5 did not submit a 2nd specimen, 11 remained normocalciuric, and 1 became hypercalciuric with an increase in urine Na/K ratio. Twenty-three children (all 8 persistently and 9 intermittently hypercalciuric plus 6 normocalciuric) were studied by ultrasonography. Only in 1 asymptomatic persistently hypercalciuric child was a single small renal calcification noted. Introduction of a low-Na/high-K diet in 7 persistently hypercalciuric children resulted in a decrease in UNa/K ratio from 7.34+/-2.15 to 4.14+/-3.09 (P<0.01) and UCa/Cr ratio from 0.25+/-0.04 to 0.13+/-0.03 (P<0.01). We conclude that even though over time most hypercalciuric children become asymptomatic, many remain hypercalciuric. Further follow-up is required to ascertain whether these children are at risk of developing kidney stones. If they are at risk then long-term compliance with a low-Na/high-K diet might be beneficial, as it can normalize calciuria in the majority of these children.},
}
@article {pmid10972691,
year = {2000},
author = {Baggio, B and Budakovic, A and Nassuato, MA and Vezzoli, G and Manzato, E and Luisetto, G and Zaninotto, M},
title = {Plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid content and calcium metabolism in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {58},
number = {3},
pages = {1278-1284},
doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00283.x},
pmid = {10972691},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; Calcifediol/blood ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/*blood/*urine ; Dinoprostone/*blood ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/blood ; Female ; Fish Oils/administration &amp; dosage ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Reports of an increase in plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid arachidonic acid content and in urinary prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) excretion in patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis suggested their crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria, a well-known risk factor for lithogenesis.<br><br>METHODS: To confirm this hypothesis, 15 healthy subjects and 20 nephrolithiasis patients were evaluated for plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acid content and PGE2 concentration, serum parathyroid hormone, 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels, as well as urinary excretion of calcium, biochemical markers of bone resorption (hydroxyproline and crossLaps), and intestinal calcium absorption. Furthermore, the effect of a 30-day fish-oil diet supplementation on the previously mentioned parameters was investigated in the patients.<br><br>RESULTS: At baseline, patients compared with controls showed higher levels of plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid content (P = 0.002), PGE2 (P = 0.0004), serum 25-vitamin D3 (P = 0.001), and 1,25-vitamin D3 (P = 0.001), urinary excretion of calcium (P = 0.001), hydroxyproline (P = 0.007), and crossLaps (P = 0.019), as well as intestinal calcium absorption (P = 0.03 at 60 min). Fish oil supplementation induced a reduction in the plasma phospholipid arachidonic acid level (P < 0.0001), and except for serum concentrations of 25-vitamin D3, normalized baseline blood and urinary parameters, including intestinal calcium absorption. A close correlation between plasma PGE2 and serum 1,25-vitamin D3 (P = 0.004) and between phospholipid arachidonic acid and intestinal calcium absorption (P = 0.0002) and calciuria (P = 0.007) was observed, as well as between urine excretion of crossLaps and hydroxyproline (P < 0.0001), crossLaps and calcium (P < 0.0001), and hydroxyproline and calcium (P < 0.0001).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the phospholipid arachidonic acid content anomaly could represent the primary event responsible for the mosaic of metabolic and clinical alterations that are distinctive features of renal stone formers, and suggest that a common pathogenetic mechanism might account for the several forms of hypercalciuria detected in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid10959618,
year = {2000},
author = {Ohgitani, S and Fujita, T},
title = {Heated oyster shell with algal ingredient (AAACa) decreases urinary oxalate excretion.},
journal = {Journal of bone and mineral metabolism},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {283-286},
doi = {10.1007/pl00010643},
pmid = {10959618},
issn = {0914-8779},
mesh = {Adult ; Animals ; Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism ; Cross-Over Studies ; Eukaryota/metabolism ; Female ; Heating ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ostreidae ; Oxalic Acid/*urine ; },
abstract = {In nine normal subjects, four men and five women between 23 and 49 years of age, 800mg calcium was orally administered as active absorbable algal calcium (AAA Ca) (A) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) (B), to compare with non-calcium-containing placebo (C) in a crossover design. Calcium, oxalate, osmolality, creatinine, and pH were measured in the first three morning urine samples and Ca/osmolality, Ca/osmolality/body weight, Ca/creatinine, and oxalate/ osmolality were calculated to correct for urine dilution. Ca x oxalate product was also calculated, and Ca oxalate crystal in the sediment was microscopically examined, semiquantitatively estimated as -, +, ++, or , and numerically expressed as 0, 1, 2, or 3, respectively. Urinary Ca excretion was similar in groups A and B, but significantly larger than in group C, regardless of the method of correction for dilution. Urinary oxalate excretion with correction for osmolality, however, was significantly lower in A than in B and C, which gave similar values. Urine pH was similar among all three groups. Ca x oxalate product was significantly higher in C than in A, but A and B were not significantly different. AAA Ca appeared to decrease urinary oxalate excretion and Ca x oxalate product more efficiently than CaCO3, suggesting the possibility of inhibiting the formation of Ca x oxalate kidney stones.},
}
@article {pmid10959444,
year = {2000},
author = {Thomas, SE and Stapleton, FB},
title = {Leave no "stone" unturned: understanding the genetic bases of calcium-containing urinary stones in children.},
journal = {Advances in pediatrics},
volume = {47},
number = {},
pages = {199-221},
pmid = {10959444},
issn = {0065-3101},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Factors ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Child ; Cystinuria/diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diet/adverse effects ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/diagnosis/physiopathology ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/diagnosis/*etiology/genetics/therapy ; },
abstract = {Urinary stones in children are being recognized with increasing frequency. Formerly thought to be the result of dehydration, urinary obstruction, or infection, most urinary calculi in children now are recognized to have an underlying metabolic abnormality. A number of challenges face pediatricians in evaluating and treating children with urinary stone disease. Often the clinical symptomatology is nonspecific and lacks the excruciating renal colic seen in adults. Furthermore, diagnostic clinical laboratory values vary with age and must be differentiated from normal values reported for adult patients. Both environmental and genetic factors are responsible for urinary stones. Many stones have a hereditary basis. Exciting new information is developing about the genetic propensity for urinary stones. Current medical therapies attempt either to reduce the production of a lithogenic solute or to increase urinary solubility. New therapies for prevention and treatment of urinary stone disease are likely to evolve as our understanding of the pathogenesis of these conditions grows.},
}
@article {pmid10958237,
year = {2000},
author = {Sharma, OP},
title = {Hypercalcemia in granulomatous disorders: a clinical review.},
journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine},
volume = {6},
number = {5},
pages = {442-447},
doi = {10.1097/00063198-200009000-00010},
pmid = {10958237},
issn = {1070-5287},
mesh = {Calcitriol/*metabolism ; Female ; Granuloma/*complications/diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/diagnosis/epidemiology/*etiology/metabolism ; Incidence ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/*complications/diagnosis ; Male ; Prognosis ; Risk Assessment ; },
abstract = {Hypercalcemia occurs in most granulomatous disorders. High serum calcium levels are seen in about 10% of patients with sarcoidosis; hypercalciuria is about three times more frequent. Tuberculosis, fungal granulomas, berylliosis, and lymphomas are other conditions that are associated with disorders of calcium metabolism. These abnormalities of calcium metabolism are due to dysregulated production of 1,25-(OH2)D3 (calcitriol) by activated macrophages trapped in pulmonary alveoli and granulomatous inflammation. Undetected hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria can cause nephrocalcinosis, renal stones, and renal failure. Corticosteroids cause prompt reversal of the metabolic defect. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and ketoconazole are the drugs that should be used if the patient fails to respond or develops dangerous side effects to corticosteroid therapy.},
}
@article {pmid10928292,
year = {2000},
author = {Cappuccio, FP and Kalaitzidis, R and Duneclift, S and Eastwood, JB},
title = {Unravelling the links between calcium excretion, salt intake, hypertension, kidney stones and bone metabolism.},
journal = {Journal of nephrology},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {169-177},
pmid = {10928292},
issn = {1121-8428},
mesh = {Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*urine ; Diet ; Humans ; Hypertension/complications/*metabolism/urine ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism/urine ; Osteoporosis/etiology ; Sodium Chloride/*administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Evidence from animal, clinical and epidemiological studies suggests that high blood pressure is associated with abnormalities of calcium metabolism, leading to increased calcium loss, secondary activation of the parathyroid gland, increased movement of calcium from bone and increased risk of urinary tract stones. Some of these abnormalities are detectable in children and young people and continue throughout adult life. The cluster of abnormalities may be due either to a primary renal tubular defect ('renal calcium leak' hypothesis) or to the effect of central volume expansion seen in hypertension ('central blood volume' hypothesis). A high salt intake is known to aggravate these abnormalities and their consequences. If substantial calcium loss related to high blood pressure is sustained over many decades, increased excretion of calcium in the urine may result in an increased risk of urinary tract stones, and the increased movement of calcium from bone may result in higher rates of bone mineral loss, thereby increasing the risk of osteoporosis. The present review summarises the evidence, suggests a unifying hypothesis and discusses clinical and public health implications.},
}
@article {pmid10919963,
year = {2000},
author = {Weaver, CM},
title = {Calcium requirements of physically active people.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {72},
number = {2 Suppl},
pages = {579S-84S},
doi = {10.1093/ajcn/72.2.579S},
pmid = {10919963},
issn = {0002-9165},
support = {R01 AR 39560/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AR40553/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Density/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism/physiology/*standards ; Calcium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage/metabolism/standards ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Colorectal Neoplasms/prevention &amp; control ; Exercise/*physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/prevention &amp; control ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney Calculi/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Nutrition Policy ; Nutritional Requirements ; Osteoporosis/prevention &amp; control ; Pregnancy ; },
abstract = {Dietary calcium and physical activity have been independently, but inconsistently, associated with the development of increased peak bone mass and reduced bone loss later in life. An examination of the literature points to important effects of dietary calcium on bone health. During the development of peak bone mass, calcium intakes of <1 g/d are associated with lower bone mineral density. At intakes approaching calcium requirements, physical activity is a more important predictor of bone mineral density than is calcium intake. In studies of postmenopausal women, calcium intakes of 1 g (25 mmol/d) appear to be necessary to effect a positive impact of exercise on bone mineral density in the spine. Calcium intakes recommended for protecting bone health appear to be adequate to protect against other disorders with an etiology that includes inadequate dietary calcium. Calcium requirements as modified by physical activity need to be determined for each population subgroup according to sex, age, race, and cultural environment.},
}
@article {pmid10897599,
year = {2000},
author = {Gołabek, B and Słownik, M and Grabowski, M},
title = {[Importance of dietary sodium in the hypercalciuria syndrome and nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Polski merkuriusz lekarski : organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego},
volume = {8},
number = {46},
pages = {174-177},
pmid = {10897599},
issn = {1426-9686},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*complications ; Male ; Sodium, Dietary/*adverse effects/urine ; },
abstract = {The studies involved 20 children with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH). An influence of urinary sodium excretion, and reflection of its intake, on urinary calcium excretion has been assessed. Children who were normocalciuric had significancy lower values of urine sodium excretion when compared with those with persisting hypercalciuria. The main factor responsible for hypercalciuria in children seemed to be urine sodium excretion. As urine sodium excretion reflects its intake, reduction dietary salt, rather than calcium intake, may be useful in the management of children with hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid10893623,
year = {2000},
author = {Kielb, S and Koo, HP and Bloom, DA and Faerber, GJ},
title = {Nephrolithiasis associated with the ketogenic diet.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {164},
number = {2},
pages = {464-466},
pmid = {10893623},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dietary Fats/*administration &amp; dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Ketone Bodies/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*etiology ; Male ; Seizures/diet therapy ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: The ketogenic diet has been used for treating seizure disorders for more than 70 years. Nephrolithiasis is a known complication of this diet with a reported stone rate as high as 10% but there is sparse literature detailing the nature and treatment of these stones. We report on 4 children with nephrolithiasis on this diet.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe stone treatment and analysis as well as metabolic and urine abnormalities in 4 children with nephrolithiasis on the ketogenic diet who presented to our institution.<br><br>RESULTS: All patients were treated with shock wave lithotripsy, fluid liberalization and oral citrate. One child was ultimately withdrawn from the diet due to persistent stone formation. Analysis revealed 3 calcium and 1 ammonium urate stones. Three patients had hypercalciuria, 2 elevated urinary uric acid and 1 hypocitruria. Serum studies revealed acidosis in 3 cases.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The ketogenic diet induces several metabolic abnormalities that increase the propensity for stone formation. Urologists should be aware of this potential complication. Fluid liberalization and bicitrate are recommended as prophylaxis.},
}
@article {pmid10886547,
year = {2000},
author = {Petrucci, M and Scott, P and Ouimet, D and Trouvé, ML and Proulx, Y and Valiquette, L and Guay, G and Bonnardeaux, A},
title = {Evaluation of the calcium-sensing receptor gene in idiopathic hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {58},
number = {1},
pages = {38-42},
doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.00138.x},
pmid = {10886547},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 ; Family Health ; *Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/*urine ; Nuclear Family ; Phenotype ; Quantitative Trait, Heritable ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Calcium urolithiasis is in part genetically determined and associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria.<br><br>METHODS: We have used a candidate gene approach to determine whether the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) gene is linked to idiopathic hypercalciuria and calcium urolithiasis in a cohort of French Canadian sibships with multiple affected members (64 sibships from 55 pedigrees yielding 359 affected sibling pairs with > or =1 stone episode).<br><br>RESULTS: Using nonparametric linkage analysis with various intragenic and flanking markers, we showed that the CaR gene could be excluded as a major gene for hypercalciuric stone formation. We excluded the CaR (lod score <-2) at lambdas values of 1.5, 1.68, and 2.6 for sib pairs concordant for at least one stone passage, at least two stone passages, and at least one stone passage and calciuria above the 75th percentile, respectively. Quantitative trait linkage analyses did not suggest that the CaR gene was linked to biochemical markers of idiopathic hypercalciuria.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that genetic variants of the CaR gene are not associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis in this population of French Canadians.},
}
@article {pmid10878007,
year = {2000},
author = {van Rossum, DB and Patterson, RL and Ma, HT and Gill, DL},
title = {Ca2+ entry mediated by store depletion, S-nitrosylation, and TRP3 channels. Comparison of coupling and function.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {275},
number = {37},
pages = {28562-28568},
doi = {10.1074/jbc.M003147200},
pmid = {10878007},
issn = {0021-9258},
support = {HL55426/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/*physiology ; Cricetinae ; Diglycerides/pharmacology ; Imines/pharmacology ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ; Male ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/physiology ; TRPC Cation Channels ; Triazoles/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The mechanism for coupling between Ca(2+) stores and store-operated channels (SOCs) is an important but unresolved question. SOC-mediated Ca(2+) entry is complex and may reflect more than one type of channel and coupling mechanism. To assess such possible divergence the function and coupling of SOCs was compared with two other distinct yet related Ca(2+) entry mechanisms. SOC coupling in DDT(1)MF-2 smooth muscle cells was prevented by the permeant inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3)) receptor blockers, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and xestospongin C. In contrast, Ca(2+) entry induced by S-nitrosylation and potentiated by store depletion (Ma, H-T., Favre, C. J., Patterson, R. L., Stone, M. R., and Gill, D. L. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 35318-35324) was unaffected by 2-APB, suggesting that this entry mechanism is independent of InsP(3) receptors. The cycloalkyl lactamimide, MDL-12, 330A (MDL), prevented SOC activation (IC(50) 10 micrometer) and similarly completely blocked S-nitrosylation-mediated Ca(2+) entry. Ca(2+) entry mediated by the TRP3 channel stably expressed in HEK293 cells was activated by phospholipase C-coupled receptors but independent of Ca(2+) store depletion (Ma, H.-T., Patterson, R. L., van Rossum, D. B., Birnbaumer, L., Mikoshiba, K., and Gill, D. L. (2000) Science 287, 1647-1651). Receptor-induced TRP3 activation was 2-APB-sensitive and fully blocked by MDL. Direct stimulation of TRP3 channels by the permeant diacylglycerol derivative, 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, was not blocked by 2-APB, but was again prevented by MDL. The results indicate that although the activation and coupling processes for each of the three entry mechanisms are distinct, sensitivity to MDL is a feature shared by all three mechanisms, suggesting there may be a common structural feature in the channels themselves or an associated regulatory component.},
}
@article {pmid10842609,
year = {1999},
author = {Hirose, K and Westrum, LE and Stone, JS and Zirpel, L and Rubel, EW},
title = {Dynamic studies of ototoxicity in mature avian auditory epithelium.},
journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
volume = {884},
number = {},
pages = {389-409},
doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08657.x},
pmid = {10842609},
issn = {0077-8923},
support = {DC00018/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; DC00395/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; DC00520/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*adverse effects ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Chickens ; Female ; Free Radicals/metabolism ; Gentamicins/*adverse effects ; Hair Cells, Auditory/*drug effects/ultrastructure ; Reactive Oxygen Species/physiology ; },
abstract = {Hearing loss induced by ototoxicity is a worldwide problem despite the development of newer antibiotics and chemotherapy agents. The cellular mechanisms responsible for aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss are still poorly understood. We have developed two different methods of studying the dynamic cellular and subcellular changes in the chick auditory sensory epithelium that occur during hair cell death. The first study was performed in mature chicks after a single, high dose injection of gentamicin, which results in the rapid loss of all hair cells in the basal third of the cochlea. Chicks were sacrificed at discrete time points after drug treatment, and transmission electron microscopy was performed to study the ultrastructural changes in basal hair cells during the course of cell death. We noted various changes in the cell morphology including accumulation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, dispersion of the cytoplasmic polyribosomes, mitochondrial swelling, and cellular extrusion by 24 h after injection. The next two studies were performed using tissue cultures from mature avian auditory sensory epithelium. Cultured cells were labeled using vital fluorescent markers, and levels of intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species within hair cells were studied following aminoglycoside exposure. We identified a dose-dependent increase in the levels of intracellular calcium, which was blocked by an inhibitor of voltage-gated calcium channels. We also found that levels of reactive oxygen species in hair cells greatly increased after exposure to gentamicin, and this response was blocked by two different antioxidants. These studies serve to identify key cellular and molecular changes in hair cells in response to ototoxic drugs. Further study of these processes may lead to a better understanding of how ototoxicity is induced and to potential preventative interventions.},
}
@article {pmid10822407,
year = {2000},
author = {Vaidyanathan, S and Parry, R and Parsons, KF and Singh, G and Soni, BM and Sett, P},
title = {Milk of calcium in the inferior calyx of a hydronephrotic kidney in a tetraplegic patient - a diagnosis to be made before scheduling for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.},
journal = {Spinal cord},
volume = {38},
number = {5},
pages = {325-326},
doi = {10.1038/sj.sc.3101000},
pmid = {10822407},
issn = {1362-4393},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Cysts/*complications/diagnostic imaging/*metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis/*complications ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis ; Kidney Diseases/*complications/diagnostic imaging/*metabolism ; Male ; Quadriplegia/*complications ; Supine Position ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {STUDY DESIGN: A Case Report of renal milk of calcium in a tetraplegic subject.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To increase the awareness of renal milk of calcium in spinal cord injury (SCI) physicians. Renal milk of calcium contains a colloidal suspension of calcium crystals. Since upright views of the kidneys are not performed in tetraplegic subjects, the renal milk of calcium may be misinterpreted as renal lithiasis by routine radiography taken in supine position.<br><br>SETTING: Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, Southport, England.<br><br>METHOD: In a 41-year-old male with traumatic tetraplegia, X-ray of abdomen in supine position showed multiple opacities in the region of the left kidney. These radio opaque shadows were interpreted as renal calculi. Subsequently, computed tomography (CT) of the kidneys was performed.<br><br>RESULTS: CT confirmed the presence of calculi in the mid-polar calyx. However, the density situated in the inferior calyx of the hydronephrotic left kidney exhibited a horizontal upper edge. This specific radiological finding as observed in the CT of kidneys, provided the clue to the presence of milk of calcium in the inferior calyx of the hydronephrotic left kidney.<br><br>CONCLUSION: As plain film of the abdomen in standing position is not performed in SCI patients, physicians caring for SCI patients should have a high index of suspicion for renal milk of calcium. Prompt diagnosis of renal milk of calcium will help to avoid unnecessary surgery, or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.},
}
@article {pmid10792169,
year = {2000},
author = {Gough, DC and Baillie, CT},
title = {Paediatric anatrophic nephrolithotomy; stone clearance - at what price?.},
journal = {BJU international},
volume = {85},
number = {7},
pages = {874-878},
doi = {10.1046/j.1464-410x.2000.00626.x},
pmid = {10792169},
issn = {1464-4096},
mesh = {Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*surgery ; Male ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous/*methods ; Prospective Studies ; Proteus Infections/complications ; Proteus mirabilis ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the functional outcome of anatrophic nephrolithotomy in children.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: All children undergoing anatrophic nephrolithotomy for complex branching and multiple renal calculi over an 11-year period were studied prospectively. Demographic data, treatment details and outcome, as assessed by X-ray, ultrasonography and isotope studies, were recorded. Anatrophic nephrolithotomy was carried out with surface cooling of the kidney followed by nephrostomy drainage for 5-7 days.<br><br>RESULTS: Nine children (median age 4 years, range 7 months to 9 years) underwent anatrophic nephrolithotomy. Predisposing factors included urinary tract infection (by Proteus mirabilis) in all and hyper-calciuria in two children. The median (range) total ischaemic time at operation was 25 (15-40) min and the operative duration 150 (120-200) min. Three children required a blood transfusion. Stone clearance was incomplete in one child. There was no recurrent stone formation after a long-term follow-up (median 32 months, range 14-107) in the other patients. Isotope studies showed impaired split renal function (<40%) in six children before surgery; there was a significant decline (>5%) in divided function in five children (range 6-16%) after surgery.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Anatrophic nephrolithotomy is an effective means of rendering children with branching calculi stone-free, but this study suggests that it leads to some further parenchymal damage.},
}
@article {pmid10779365,
year = {2000},
author = {Lorenzo, PS and Beheshti, M and Pettit, GR and Stone, JC and Blumberg, PM},
title = {The guanine nucleotide exchange factor RasGRP is a high -affinity target for diacylglycerol and phorbol esters.},
journal = {Molecular pharmacology},
volume = {57},
number = {5},
pages = {840-846},
pmid = {10779365},
issn = {0026-895X},
mesh = {Animals ; Binding, Competitive ; Calcium/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/drug effects/*metabolism ; Diglycerides/*pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/drug effects/*metabolism ; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate/*pharmacology ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; Protein Kinase C/chemistry/metabolism ; Rats ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Tritium ; },
abstract = {RasGRP is a recently described guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that possesses a single C1 domain homologous to that of protein kinase C (PKC). The phorbol ester [(3)H]phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate ([(3)H]PDBu) bound to this C1 domain (C1-RasGRP) with a dissociation constant of 0.58 +/- 0.08 nM, similar to that observed previously for PKC. Likewise, the potent PKC activator bryostatin 1, a compound currently in clinical trials, showed high affinity binding for C1-RasGRP. Structure activity analysis using several phorbol ester analogs showed both similarities and differences in ligand selectivity compared with PKC; the differences were comparable in magnitude to those between different PKC isoforms. Similarly, the potency of the PKC inhibitor calphostin C to inhibit [(3)H]PDBu binding to C1-RasGRP was similar to that observed for PKC. In contrast to the relative similarities in ligand recognition, the lipid cofactor requirements differed between RasGRP and PKC. The C1 domain plus the EF-hand motif of RasGRP (C1EF-RasGRP) was markedly less dependent on acidic phospholipids than was PKCalpha. The differences in lipid requirements were reflected in differential ligand selectivity under conditions of limiting lipid. Despite the presence of twin EF-hand like motifs, calcium did not affect the binding of [(3)H]PDBu to C1EF-RasGRP. We conclude that RasGRP is a high affinity receptor for phorbol esters and diacylglycerol. RasGRP thus provides a direct link between diacylglycerol generation or phorbol ester/bryostatin treatment and Ras activation.},
}
@article {pmid10706495,
year = {2000},
author = {Stone, V and Tuinman, M and Vamvakopoulos, JE and Shaw, J and Brown, D and Petterson, S and Faux, SP and Borm, P and MacNee, W and Michaelangeli, F and Donaldson, K},
title = {Increased calcium influx in a monocytic cell line on exposure to ultrafine carbon black.},
journal = {The European respiratory journal},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {297-303},
doi = {10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.15b13.x},
pmid = {10706495},
issn = {0903-1936},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/physiology ; *Carbon ; Cell Line ; Cytosol/metabolism ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Fura-2 ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Monocytes/*metabolism ; Particle Size ; Thapsigargin/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Ultrafine particles have been shown to induce pro-inflammatory effects both in vivo and in vitro. Increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes probably requires the activation of specific transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) via a number of possible pathways including Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species. The fluorescent dye fura 2, was used to measure cytosolic Ca2+ in the human monocytic cell line, Monomac 6 on exposure to 66 microg x mL(-1) of either ultrafine carbon black (ufCB; diameter 14 nm), carbon black (CB; diameter 260 nm), quartz (diameter 1.45 microm), or medium alone. UfCB but not fine CB induced a 1.6-fold increase (p<0.01) in the resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration of Monomac 6 cells. In addition ufCB induced a 2.6-fold increase (p<0.001) in the response to the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+- adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) inhibitor, thapsigargin, suggesting the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ current across the plasma membrane was enhanced. This response was inhibited by the removal of extracellular Ca2+ and by the Ca2+ channel blocker, verapamil. In addition, ufCB stimulated the entry of extracellular Mn2+. Finally, the antioxidants mannitol and nacystelin both inhibited the effects of ufCB on the response to thapsigargin. These data suggest that ultrafine carbon black particles stimulated an increase in cytosolic Ca2+, possibly through the entry of extracellular Ca2+ via Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. The particles may in part activate the opening of Ca2+ channels via a mechanism involving reactive oxygen species.},
}
@article {pmid10705191,
year = {2000},
author = {Di Silverio, F and Ricciuti, GP and D'Angelo, AR and Fraioli, A and Simeoni, G},
title = {Stone recurrence after lithotripsy in patients with recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis: efficacy of treatment with fiuggi water.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {145-148},
doi = {10.1159/000020131},
pmid = {10705191},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*analysis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; *Lithotripsy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Calculi/*chemistry/*therapy ; Water/*administration &amp; dosage ; },
abstract = {A multicentric study was carried out on 384 patients (231 males, mean age 28.3 years; 153 females, mean age 40.8 years) previously treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. Patients were selected and submitted to different types of high fluid intake treatment (oligomineral water with a calcium content of 15 mg/l vs. tap water with a calcium content ranging between 55 and 130 mg/l) to evaluate stone recurrence and to identify any potential risk factors. During follow-up (range 14-34 months, mean 19 months) 44 (23%) of the 192 patients treated with tap water presented recurrence versus 32 (17%) of the 192 patients treated with Fiuggi mineral water, the difference in incidence between the two groups being 6%. Of the possible predictors of recurrence, evaluated at the beginning of follow-up and analyzed in a multivariate statistical study, the 24-hour diuresis and calciuria were seen to be directly related to the recurrence.},
}
@article {pmid10687949,
year = {2000},
author = {Fries, E and Blom, AM},
title = {Bikunin--not just a plasma proteinase inhibitor.},
journal = {The international journal of biochemistry &amp; cell biology},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {125-137},
doi = {10.1016/s1357-2725(99)00125-9},
pmid = {10687949},
issn = {1357-2725},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism ; Gene Expression ; Glycoproteins/*blood/*chemistry/genetics ; Growth Substances/blood/chemistry/genetics ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/prevention &amp; control ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Molecular Weight ; Protein Conformation ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/*blood/*chemistry/genetics ; *Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean ; },
abstract = {Bikunin is a plasma proteinase inhibitor that has received little attention in the past, probably because its activity towards various proteinases was found to be relatively weak in early work. It was recently discovered, however, that bikunin effectively inhibits a proteinase that seems to be involved in the metastasis of tumour cells--cell surface plasmin--and that a fragment of bikunin inhibits two proteinases of the coagulation pathway--factor Xa and kallikrein. Furthermore, it has been found that bikunin has other properties, such as the ability to modulate cell growth and to block cellular calcium uptake. Most of the bikunin in the blood occurs as a covalently linked subunit of the proteins pre- and inter-alpha-inhibitor. In this form bikunin lacks some of its known activities, and there is evidence that its release by partial proteolytic degradation may function as a regulatory mechanism. Although the physiological function of bikunin still remains to be established, current data suggest that this protein plays a role in inflammation. Further studies could therefore lead to results of therapeutical value.},
}
@article {pmid10661682,
year = {1999},
author = {Ohta, T and Elnemr, A and Yasui, T and Kitagawa, H and Kayahara, M and Fushida, S and Nishimura, G and Nagakawa, T and Miwa, K and Yamamoto, M and Terada, T and Nakanuma, Y},
title = {Expression of nerve growth factor in hepatolithiasis.},
journal = {Liver},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {489-494},
doi = {10.1111/j.1478-3231.1999.tb00081.x},
pmid = {10661682},
issn = {0106-9543},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; *Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/metabolism/pathology ; Bilirubin/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholangitis/*metabolism/pathology ; Cholelithiasis/*metabolism/pathology ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Growth Factor/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {AIMS/BACKGROUND: Nerve growth factor (NGF) has recently been shown to influence the survival and function of non-neuronal inflammatory cells, possibly through its activity as a colony-stimulating factor. It may also play an important role in acute inflammation and tissue repair. However, no prior report has focused on NGF in chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal and biliary tracts. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of NGF in hepatolithiasis.<br><br>METHODS: Twenty-six liver specimens resected from 22 patients with intrahepatic calcium bilirubinate stones and from 4 patients with intrahepatic cholesterol stones were examined immunohistochemically.<br><br>RESULTS: The 22 patients with calcium bilirubinate stones demonstrated NGF immunoreactivity associated with surrounding inflammatory cells that was localized to the epithelia of proliferative peribiliary glands in the ductal wall. However, neither the surface lining of the bile duct nor hepatocytes expressed detectable NGF immunoreactivity. In the cholesterol stones cases in contrast, peribiliary glandular elements and inflammatory cell infiltration were less extensive than those observed in cases of calcium bilirubinate stones, and NGF immunoreactivity was not noted.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that proliferative peribiliary glands express NGF protein in chronic proliferative cholangitis. This is characteristic of intrahepatic calcium bilirubinate stones.},
}
@article {pmid10658246,
year = {1999},
author = {Daudon, M},
title = {[Drug-induced urinary calculi in 1999].},
journal = {Progres en urologie : journal de l'Association francaise d'urologie et de la Societe francaise d'urologie},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {1023-1033},
pmid = {10658246},
issn = {1166-7087},
mesh = {Acetazolamide/metabolism ; Allopurinol/adverse effects ; Aluminum Hydroxide/adverse effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cathartics/adverse effects ; Diuretics/analysis ; HIV Protease Inhibitors/analysis ; Humans ; Indinavir/analysis ; Pyridoxine/analogs &amp; derivatives/metabolism ; Silicates/analysis ; Sulfonamides/analysis ; Triamterene/analysis ; Urinary Calculi/*chemically induced/chemistry/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Drug-induced urolithiasis are observed in 1.6% of the urinary calculi in France. Drugs crystals are identified in two thirds of these stones. Other drugs are responsible for stones which have an apparent metabolic origin (one third of the cases). Stone analysis using physical methods such as infrared spectroscopy is needed to unambiguously identify stones containing drugs. The inquiry is an important step to identify lithogenetic drugs which do not crystallize in the stones. The main substances which were identified in stones over the past decade were indinavir monohydrate (31.4%), triamterene (11.1%), sulphonamides (10.5%) and amorphous silica (4.5%). The main drugs involved in the nucleation and growth of metabolic stones were calcium and vitamin D supplementation (15%) and long-term treatment with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (8%). Stone prevention is based on drug withdrawal or change in dosage with additional measures including an increase of diuresis and, if necessary, changes in the urine pH.},
}
@article {pmid10626826,
year = {1999},
author = {Baggio, B},
title = {Genetic and dietary factors in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. What do we have, what do we need?.},
journal = {Journal of nephrology},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {371-374},
pmid = {10626826},
issn = {1121-8428},
mesh = {Animals ; Arachidonic Acid/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diet/*adverse effects ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Vitamin D/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis is a complex, multifactorial disease resulting from an interaction between environmental and genetic factors, even if the actual contributions of these factors to stone disease are not yet quantifiable. The lack of convincing findings on genetic factors and genes responsible for nephrolithiasis is due to our still inadequate understanding of the pathogenesis. The hypothesis of an anomaly in cell membrane lipid composition might conceivably be the defect which links genetic and dietary factors and renal stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid10620556,
year = {2000},
author = {Praga, M and Alegre, R and Hernández, E and Morales, E and Domínguez-Gil, B and Carreño, A and Andrés, A},
title = {Familial microscopic hematuria caused by hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria.},
journal = {American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {141-145},
doi = {10.1016/S0272-6386(00)70313-1},
pmid = {10620556},
issn = {1523-6838},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Child ; Female ; Hematuria/diagnosis/*genetics/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Uric Acid/*urine ; },
abstract = {We report 12 patients belonging to five different families in whom persistent isolated microhematuria was associated with hypercalciuria and/or hyperuricosuria. Four patients had episodes of gross hematuria, three patients had passed renal stones, and a history of nephrolithiasis was obtained in four of the families (80%). Calcium oxalate and uric acid crystals were commonly observed in the urine sediments. Urinary erythrocytes had a normal appearance on phase-microscopic examination. Reduction of calciuria and uricosuria by thiazide diuretics, allopurinol, forced fluid intake, and dietetic measures led to a persistent normalization of urine sediment with complete disappearance of hematuria. Determination of calcium and uric acid urinary excretions should be included in the study of familial hematuria.},
}
@article {pmid10541222,
year = {1999},
author = {Friedman, PA},
title = {Calcium transport in the kidney.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {8},
number = {5},
pages = {589-595},
doi = {10.1097/00041552-199909000-00010},
pmid = {10541222},
issn = {1062-4821},
mesh = {Animals ; Calbindins ; Calcitriol/biosynthesis ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Channels/genetics/metabolism ; Chloride Channels/genetics/metabolism ; Heymann Nephritis Antigenic Complex ; Humans ; Hypokalemia/genetics/metabolism ; Ion Transport ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/genetics/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Recent discoveries of calcium-regulating and calcium-transporting proteins have paved the way for a heightened understanding of the mechanisms and control of renal calcium transport. In this review, new findings regarding the multifunctional megalin receptor, chloride channels, a putative calcium entry channel, and the calcium-sensing receptor are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid10585397,
year = {1999},
author = {Ma, HT and Favre, CJ and Patterson, RL and Stone, MR and Gill, DL},
title = {Ca(2+) entry activated by S-nitrosylation. Relationship to store-operated ca(2+) entry.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {274},
number = {50},
pages = {35318-35324},
doi = {10.1074/jbc.274.50.35318},
pmid = {10585397},
issn = {0021-9258},
support = {HL55426/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Barium/pharmacokinetics ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Ethylmaleimide/pharmacology ; Kinetics ; Muscle, Smooth ; Nitric Oxide Donors/*pharmacology ; Nitroso Compounds ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Thapsigargin/pharmacology ; Triazoles/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The coupling between Ca(2+) pools and store-operated Ca(2+) entry channels (SOCs) remains an unresolved question. Recently, we revealed that Ca(2+) entry could be activated in response to S-nitrosylation and that this process was stimulated by Ca(2+) pool emptying (Favre, C. J., Ufret-Vincenty, C. A., Stone, M. R., Ma, H-T. , and Gill, D. L. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 30855-30858). In DDT(1)MF-2 smooth muscle cells and DC-3F fibroblasts, Ca(2+) entry activated by the lipophilic NO donor, GEA3162 (5-amino-3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)1,2,3,4-oxatriazolium), or the alkylator, N-ethylmaleimide, was observed to be strongly activated by transient external Ca(2+) removal, closely resembling activation of SOC activity in the same cells. The nonadditivity of SOC and NO donor-activated Ca(2+) entry suggested a single entry mechanism. Calyculin A-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton prevented SOC but had no effect on GEA3162-induced Ca(2+) entry. However, a single entry mechanism could account for both SOC and NO donor-activated entry if the latter reflected direct modification of the entry channel by S-nitrosylation, bypassing the normal coupling process between channels and pools. Small differences between SOC and GEA3162-activated Ba(2+) entry and sensitivity to blockade by La(3+) were observed, and in HEK293 cells SOC activity was observed without a response to thiol modification. It is concluded that in some cells, S-nitrosylation modifies an entry mechanism closely related to SOC and/or part of the regulatory machinery for SOC-mediated Ca(2+) entry.},
}
@article {pmid10571799,
year = {1999},
author = {Ciftçioglu, N and Björklund, M and Kuorikoski, K and Bergström, K and Kajander, EO},
title = {Nanobacteria: an infectious cause for kidney stone formation.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {56},
number = {5},
pages = {1893-1898},
doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00755.x},
pmid = {10571799},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation &amp; purification ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/*complications ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/pathology ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Strontium Radioisotopes/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nanobacteria are cytotoxic, sterile-filterable, gram-negative, atypical bacteria detected in bovine and human blood. Nanobacteria produce carbonate apatite on their cell walls. Data on Randall's plaques suggest that apatite may initiate kidney stone formation. We assessed nanobacteria in 72 consecutively collected kidney stones from Finnish patients.<br><br>METHODS: Nanobacteria and kidney stone units were compared using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Demineralized kidney stones were screened for nanobacteria using a double-staining method and a specific culture method. Isolated nanobacteria were analyzed for mineral formation in vitro with Ca and 85Sr incorporation tests.<br><br>RESULTS: SEM highlighted the resemblance in size and morphology of nanobacteria and the smallest apatite units in the kidney stones. Nanobacterial antigens could be detected after the demineralization of the stones in 1 N HCl. Nanobacteria were surprisingly resistant to this treatment, and cultures could be established from 93.1% of the stones. Only struvite stones had common bacteria, in addition to the nanobacteria. When the results of all of the assays were combined, 70 of the 72 stones (that is, 97.2%) were nanobacteria positive. Although apatite stones indicated highest nanobacteria antigen signals, the overall nanobacteria positivity did not depend on the stone type. The isolated nanobacteria produced apatite stones in vitro, measured by Ca and 85Sr incorporation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We propose that kidney stone formation is a nanobacterial disease analogous to Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease. Both diseases are initiated by bacterial infection and subsequently endogenous and dietary factors influence their progression.},
}
@article {pmid10564108,
year = {1999},
author = {Jennings, LJ and Xu, QW and Firth, TA and Nelson, MT and Mawe, GM},
title = {Cholesterol inhibits spontaneous action potentials and calcium currents in guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle.},
journal = {The American journal of physiology},
volume = {277},
number = {5},
pages = {G1017-26},
doi = {10.1152/ajpgi.1999.277.5.G1017},
pmid = {10564108},
issn = {0002-9513},
support = {DK-45410/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; NS-26995/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester/pharmacology ; Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology ; Biliary Tract/physiopathology ; Boron Compounds ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Channel Agonists/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/*physiology ; Cholelithiasis/physiopathology ; Cholestasis/physiopathology ; Cholesterol/*pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Gallbladder/chemistry/*physiology ; Gallbladder Emptying/physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth/chemistry/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Pinacidil/pharmacology ; Potassium/metabolism ; Potassium Channels/physiology ; },
abstract = {Elevated cholesterol decreases agonist-induced contractility and enhances stone formation in the gallbladder. The current study was conducted to determine if and how the electrical properties and ionic conductances of gallbladder smooth muscle are altered by elevated cholesterol. Cholesterol was delivered as a complex with cyclodextrin, and effects were evaluated with intracellular recordings from intact gallbladder and whole cell patch-clamp recordings from isolated cells. Cholesterol significantly attenuated the spontaneous action potentials of intact tissue. Furthermore, calcium-dependent action potentials and calcium currents were reduced in the intact tissue and in isolated cells, respectively. However, neither membrane potential hyperpolarizations induced by the ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, pinacidil, nor voltage-activated outward potassium currents were affected by cholesterol. Hyperpolarizations elicited by calcitonin gene-related peptide were reduced by cholesterol enrichment, indicating potential changes in receptor ligand binding and/or second messenger interactions. These data indicate that excess cholesterol can contribute to gallbladder stasis by affecting calcium channel activity, whereas potassium channels remained unaffected. In addition, cholesterol enrichment may also modulate receptor ligand behavior and/or second messenger interactions.},
}
@article {pmid10515091,
year = {1999},
author = {Kavukçu, S and Soylu, A and Türkmen, MA and Sarioglu, S},
title = {Hypercalciuria preceding IgA nephropathy in a child with haematuria.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {33},
number = {4},
pages = {265-267},
doi = {10.1080/003655999750015899},
pmid = {10515091},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Biopsy ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Child ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA/*complications/diagnosis/*urine ; Hematuria/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/complications/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography ; },
abstract = {We describe a child with isolated haematuria who was diagnosed and successfully treated for idiopathic hypercalciuria for 6 months, after which IgA nephropathy was demonstrated on renal biopsy performed due to the relapse of haematuria in spite of low calciuria levels. To our knowledge, this is the first case evaluated systematically in the literature shown to have IgA nephropathy while being followed up for idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid10491744,
year = {1999},
author = {Bushinsky, DA},
title = {Genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {479-488},
doi = {10.1097/00041552-199907000-00013},
pmid = {10491744},
issn = {1062-4821},
support = {AR 39906/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; DK 47631/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; },
abstract = {In humans, idiopathic hypercalciuria is associated with stone formation. In order to study the mechanisms that are responsible for excess urine calcium excretion, in ways that are difficult or impossible in humans, we have developed a rat model of hypercalciuria. Spontaneously hypercalciuric rats have been successively inbred for over 50 generations to produce a strain in which urine calcium excretion is over 10 times greater than that of controls, and all rats form kidney stones. Analysis of the model has revealed that the rats not only exhibit increased intestinal calcium reabsorption but an independent defect in renal tubular calcium resorption and an increased tendency for bone resorption. These findings closely parallel those in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. In the intestine, bone and kidney there is an increased number of vitamin D receptors which are hyperresponsive to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Whether the increased number of vitamin D receptors is directly responsible for the hypercalciuria and whether the same abnormality is present in humans with idiopathic hypercalciuria is under investigation. Hypercalciuric rats appear to be an excellent model to provide insights into the mechanisms causing hypercalciuria, and to delineate treatments for stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid10488083,
year = {1999},
author = {Sorokina, EA and Kleinman, JG},
title = {Cloning and preliminary characterization of a calcium-binding protein closely related to nucleolin on the apical surface of inner medullary collecting duct cells.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {274},
number = {39},
pages = {27491-27496},
doi = {10.1074/jbc.274.39.27491},
pmid = {10488083},
issn = {0021-9258},
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chickens ; Cloning, Molecular ; Consensus Sequence ; Cricetinae ; DNA Primers ; Epithelial Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Medulla/cytology/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules, Collecting/cytology/*metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Mice ; Microsomes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphoproteins/*chemistry ; RNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; },
abstract = {Calcium stone crystal attachment to the urinary epithelium plays an essential role in the development of kidney stones by allowing small crystals to be retained in the kidney until they become macroscopic. We among others have described attachment of stone crystals to cultured renal epithelia (Wiessner, J. H., Kleinman, J. G., Blumenthal, S. S., Garancis, J. C., and Mandel, G. S. (1987) J. Urol. 138, 640-643). To isolate protein(s) that may participate in crystal attachment, apical membranes of cultured renal inner medullary collecting duct were biotinylated, the cells were lysed with detergent, the lysate was subjected to hydroxyapatite chromatography, and fractions were incubated with calcium oxalate monohydrate. Electrophoresis of material solubilized from the crystals showed several selectively adsorbed protein bands. A 110-kDa band stained positively for biotin and for glycosides and bound (45)Ca. The amino acid sequence of this band was determined to be that of a protein closely related to rat nucleolin (nucleolin-related protein; NRP). NRP was cloned and sequenced and was 83% homologous with the previously sequenced nucleolar protein nucleolin. Using temperature-induced phase partitioning with Triton X-114, NRP was associated with both the insoluble membrane skeleton pellet and the soluble aqueous phase but not the soluble detergent phase. This association with the membrane skeleton was increased in the presence of calcium. Thus, NRP is associated with the apical membranes of cultured renal tubular cells and is bound to membrane skeletal elements in a calcium-dependent fashion. The physiological role of NRP remains to be determined; however, a pathophysiological role may be that of mediating the attachment to the renal tubular epithelium of calcium stone crystals.},
}
@article {pmid10436404,
year = {1999},
author = {Ruggiero, M and Pacini, S and Amato, M and Aterini, S and Chiarugi, V},
title = {Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Mineral and electrolyte metabolism},
volume = {25},
number = {3},
pages = {185-190},
doi = {10.1159/000057443},
pmid = {10436404},
issn = {0378-0392},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics ; },
abstract = {AIMS: To study the distribution of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene alleles in hypercalciuric and nonhypercalciuric nephrolithiasis patients, hypothesizing that distinct biochemical parameters would be associated with different VDR genotypes.<br><br>METHODS: 12 hypercalciuric, 15 normocalciuric nephrolithiasis patients, and 150 healthy subjects were recruited. The individual genetic pattern for VDR was evaluated by DNA extraction followed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the VDR gene and digestion with the restriction enzyme BsmI.<br><br>RESULTS: In the hypercalciuric group, Bb patients represented 50% (6/12); bb patients 33% (4/12), and BB cases were 16% (2/12). The VDR frequency distribution was not statistically different in hypercalciuric patients and controls (Bb 72%; bb 16%; BB 12%). In the nonhypercalciuric group, the prevalence of the bb genotype (7/15; 47%) was thrice the percentage of control subjects, while the percentage of BB patients was similar to that of the control group (2/15; 13%). Patients with the bb haplotype exhibited a higher daily urinary calcium excretion. Among hypercalciuric patients, after a calcium-restricted diet, bb patients showed a 39% reduction in daily urinary calcium excretion in comparison with a nonsignificant 13% reduction observed in BB subjects (p = 0.004).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The effects of VDR gene polymorphism on calcium metabolism contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of urinary calculi.},
}
@article {pmid10435676,
year = {1999},
author = {Scheinman, SJ},
title = {Nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Seminars in nephrology},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {381-388},
pmid = {10435676},
issn = {0270-9295},
support = {DK46838/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Chloride Channels/metabolism ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/epidemiology/*genetics ; Prognosis ; Rats ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {Genetic factors are important determinants for kidney stone formation. Cystinuria, primary hyperoxaluria, and X-linked nephrolithiasis (Dent's disease) are monogenic kidney stone diseases for which responsible genes have been identified. Familial stone disease with hyperuricosuria or renal tubular acidosis has been described in several clinical settings. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is the most common stone risk factor, and evidence in humans and in a rat model indicates that hypercalciuria is a complex, polygenic trait. Some candidate genes for idiopathic hypercalciuria are suggested by the known physiology, including those encoding the vitamin D receptor, the 1 alpha-hydroxylase of vitamin D, the calcium-sensing receptor, the renal sodium-dependent phosphate transporter, and chloride channels, but others remain to be identified. The multifaceted physiology of hypercalciuria may reflect the combined effects of polymorphisms in several genes.},
}
@article {pmid10424248,
year = {1999},
author = {Herrmann, U and Schwille, PO and Schmiedl, A and Fan, J and Manoharan, M},
title = {Acute effects of calcium sodium citrate supplementation of a test meal on mineral homeostasis, oxalate, and calcium oxalate crystallization in the urine of healthy humans--preliminary results in patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {Biomedicine &amp; pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine &amp; pharmacotherapie},
volume = {53},
number = {5-6},
pages = {264-273},
doi = {10.1016/S0753-3322(99)80097-3},
pmid = {10424248},
issn = {0753-3322},
mesh = {Adult ; Biological Availability ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Citrate/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use ; Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Female ; Homeostasis/*drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minerals/*metabolism ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/blood/*drug therapy ; },
abstract = {Calcium, in the form of regular food supplementation, can improve bone metabolism, but it can also increase the risk for renal calcium stones, and may aggravate pre-existing calcium urolithiasis. To study the first of these two aspects, ten healthy volunteers were given a conventional test meal (breakfast; calcium content 28 mg) with or without two dosages of calcium (as calcium-sodium citrate, CSC 1, 680 mg; CSC 2 1,360 mg), taken after an overnight 12 h fast. To study the latter aspect, patients with idiopathic recurrent calcium urolithiasis (ICU) received a balanced test meal of fixed composition, containing 1,000 mg calcium either as CSC (Meal + CSC3; n = 6) or as calcium gluconate (Mcal; n = 8). In normals, CSC induced a dose-dependent increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, and a decrease in oxalate absorption; in serum, CSC increased calcitonin and suppressed parathyroid hormone, but left unchanged the markers of bone turnover, serum osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase. In urine, CSC decreased bone resorption markers (collagen crosslinks) and phosphaturia increased citrate, created signs of metabolic alkalosis, and inhibited several parameters of CaOx crystallization. In ICU, the CSC3 load failed to promote the crystallization of CaOx and calcium phosphate. It was concluded that CSC supplementation of a meal: (1) is well tolerated by healthy subjects and ICU patients, renders calcium highly available to bone, and prevents post-prandial oxaluria from rising; and, (2) is followed by the inhibition of crystallization of renal stone forming calcium-containing substances. Long-term studies aimed at evaluating the usefulness of CSC in preserving healthy bone, and in the metaphylaxis of renal stones would appear justified.},
}
@article {pmid10400686,
year = {1999},
author = {Bruce, JI and Yang, X and Ferguson, CJ and Elliott, AC and Steward, MC and Case, RM and Riccardi, D},
title = {Molecular and functional identification of a Ca2+ (polyvalent cation)-sensing receptor in rat pancreas.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {274},
number = {29},
pages = {20561-20568},
doi = {10.1074/jbc.274.29.20561},
pmid = {10400686},
issn = {0021-9258},
mesh = {Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium/*metabolism ; DNA Primers ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Gadolinium/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pancreas/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The balance between the concentrations of free ionized Ca2+ and bicarbonate in pancreatic juice is of critical importance in preventing the formation of calcium carbonate stones. How the pancreas regulates the ionic composition and the level of Ca2+ saturation in an alkaline environment such as the pancreatic juice is not known. Because of the tight cause-effect relationship between Ca2+ concentration and lithogenicity, and because hypercalcemia is proposed as an etiologic factor for several pancreatic diseases, we have investigated whether pancreatic tissues express a Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaR) similar to that recently identified in parathyroid tissue. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate the presence of a CaR-like molecule in rat pancreatic acinar cells, pancreatic ducts, and islets of Langerhans. Functional studies, in which intracellular free Ca2+ concentration was measured in isolated acinar cells and interlobular ducts, show that both cell types are responsive to the CaR agonist gadolinium (Gd3+) and to changes in extracellular Ca2+ concentration. We also assessed the effects of CaR stimulation on physiological HCO3- secretion from ducts by making measurements of intracellular pH. Luminal Gd3+ is a potent stimulus for HCO3- secretion, being equally as effective as raising intracellular cAMP with forskolin. These results suggest that the CaR in the exocrine pancreas monitors the Ca2+ concentration in the pancreatic juice, and might therefore be involved in regulating the level of Ca2+ in the lumen, both under basal conditions and during hormonal stimulation. The failure of this mechanism might lead to pancreatic stone formation and even to pancreatitis.},
}
@article {pmid10354288,
year = {1999},
author = {Borghi, L and Meschi, T and Guerra, A and Briganti, A and Schianchi, T and Allegri, F and Novarini, A},
title = {Essential arterial hypertension and stone disease.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {55},
number = {6},
pages = {2397-2406},
doi = {10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00483.x},
pmid = {10354288},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Diet/adverse effects ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension/*complications/urine ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/etiology/urine ; Magnesium/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications ; Oxalic Acid/urine ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies have shown that nephrolithiasis is more frequently found in hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects, but the pathogenic link between hypertension and stone disease is still not clear.<br><br>METHODS: Between 1984 and 1991, we studied the baseline stone risk profile, including supersaturation of lithogenic salts, in 132 patients with stable essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure of more than 95 mm Hg) without stone disease and 135 normotensive subjects (diastolic blood pressure less than 85 mm Hg) without stone disease who were matched for age and sex (controls). Subsequently, both controls and hypertensives were followed up for at least five years to check on the eventual formation of kidney stones.<br><br>RESULTS: Baseline urine levels in hypertensive males were different from that of normotensive males with regards to calcium (263 vs. 199 mg/day), magnesium (100 vs. 85 mg/day), uric acid (707 vs. 586 mg/day), and oxalate (34.8 vs. 26.5 mg/day). Moreover, the urine of hypertensive males was more supersaturated for calcium oxalate (8.9 vs. 6.1) and calcium phosphate (1.39 vs. 0.74). Baseline urine levels in hypertensive females were different from that of normotensive females with regards to calcium (212 vs. 154 mg/day), phosphorus (696 vs. 614 mg/day), and oxalate (26.2 vs. 21.7 mg/day), and the urine of hypertensive females was more supersaturated for calcium oxalate (7.1 vs. 4.8). These urinary alterations were only partially dependent on the greater body mass index in hypertensive patients. During the follow-up, 19 out of 132 hypertensive patients and 4 out of 135 normotensive patients had stone episodes (14.3 vs. 2.9%, chi-square 11.07, P = 0.001; odds ratio 5.5, 95% CI, 1.82 to 16.66). Of the 19 stone-former hypertensive patients, 12 formed calcium calculi, 5 formed uric acid calculi, and 2 formed nondetermined calculi. Of the urinary factors for lithogenous risk, those with the greatest predictive value were supersaturation of calcium oxalate for calcium calculi and uric acid supersaturation for uric acid calculi.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A significant percentage of hypertensive subjects has a greater risk of renal stone formation, especially when hypertension is associated with excessive body weight. Higher oxaluria and calciuria as well as supersaturation of calcium oxalate and uric acid appear to be the most important factors. Excessive weight and consumption of salt and animal proteins may also play an important role.},
}
@article {pmid10325933,
year = {1999},
author = {Boess, G and Parent, X},
title = {[Calcium-dependent calcium oxalate lithiasis (type IIa). The importance of urinary citrate and the calcium/citrate ratio].},
journal = {Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)},
volume = {28},
number = {15},
pages = {784-786},
pmid = {10325933},
issn = {0755-4982},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Citric Acid/*urine ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*urine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Type IIa urinary lithiasis (calcium oxalate dihydrate, weddellite) has a calcium-dependent structure implicating hyper-calciuria for its formation.<br><br>CASE REPORT: We observed a case of type IIa lithiasis in a patient without elevated urine calcium. Weddellite crystals with a hexagonal habit were found in the nocturnal urines. The only urinalysis anomaly was a low citrate level giving a calcium/citrate level > 3. Oral potassium citrate normalized urinary citrate and the calcium/citrate ratio. After 3 years follow-up, crystal formation has remained negative.<br><br>DISCUSSION: As illustrated by this case, the calcium/citrate ratio, rather than total urine calcium, would be a good indicator of urinary calcium output and the potential risk for weddellite crystal formation in the presence of oxalates.},
}
@article {pmid10210603,
year = {1999},
author = {Truss, MC and Becker, AJ and Uckert, S and Schultheiss, D and Machtens, S and Jonas, U and Stief, CG},
title = {Selective pharmacological manipulation of the smooth muscle tissue of the genitourinary tract: a glimpse into the future.},
journal = {BJU international},
volume = {83 Suppl 2},
number = {},
pages = {36-41},
doi = {10.1046/j.1464-410x.83.s2.9.x},
pmid = {10210603},
issn = {1464-4096},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Erectile Dysfunction/drug therapy ; Female Urogenital Diseases/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Humans ; *Male Urogenital Diseases ; Muscle Relaxation/drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth/*drug effects ; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Signal Transduction/physiology ; Urinary Bladder Diseases/drug therapy ; Urinary Calculi/drug therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid10066628,
year = {1998},
author = {Yang, Z},
title = {Signaling tip growth in plants.},
journal = {Current opinion in plant biology},
volume = {1},
number = {6},
pages = {525-530},
doi = {10.1016/s1369-5266(98)80046-0},
pmid = {10066628},
issn = {1369-5266},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Polarity ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism ; Mutation ; Plant Cells ; *Plant Development ; Plants/enzymology/metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; },
abstract = {Tip growth is an extreme form of polar growth modulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic spatial cues. Pollen tubes and root hairs have been used as model systems to investigate tip growth signaling in higher plants. Recent studies have focused on tip-localized Ca2+ gradients and Rho GTPases in pollen tubes and a series of mutants affecting root hair tip growth. These molecular and genetic markers will serve as stepping stones towards uncovering tip growth pathways in plants.},
}
@article {pmid9989691,
year = {1999},
author = {Giannini, S and Nobile, M and Sartori, L and Dalle Carbonare, L and Ciuffreda, M and Corrò, P and D'Angelo, A and Calò, L and Crepaldi, G},
title = {Acute effects of moderate dietary protein restriction in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {69},
number = {2},
pages = {267-271},
doi = {10.1093/ajcn/69.2.267},
pmid = {9989691},
issn = {0002-9165},
mesh = {Calcium/blood/*urine ; Citric Acid/urine ; *Diet, Protein-Restricted ; Dinoprostone/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/urine ; Kidney Calculi/blood/*diet therapy/urine ; Male ; Oxalates/urine ; Recurrence ; Regression Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High dietary protein intake is a potential risk factor for nephrolithiasis because of its capacity to increase urinary calcium and to facilitate lithogenesis through many other mechanisms.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to verify the effects of moderate protein restriction in hypercalciuric patients.<br><br>DESIGN: We studied 18 patients (10 men and 8 women aged 45.6+/-12.3 y) with idiopathic hypercalciuria and renal calculi. Before and after 15 d of a diet with 0.8 g protein x kg(-1) x d(-1) and 955 mg Ca, all patients were evaluated for the main serum and urinary measures of calcium metabolism as well as for urinary uric acid, oxalate, citrate, and prostaglandin E2.<br><br>RESULTS: Urinary excretion of urea fell after the diet (P < 0.001). Urinary calcium (P < 0.001), uric acid (P < 0.005), oxalate (P < 0.01), and hydroxyproline (P < 0.01) decreased after protein restriction, whereas urinary citrate increased (P < 0.025). Blood pH increased after the hypoproteic diet (P < 0.05). 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol) concentration fell significantly (P < 0.025) and parathyroid hormone increased (P < 0.001). Creatinine clearance tended to decrease (106.4+/-4.8 compared with 97.5+/-5.7 mL/min) after the diet. The decrease in urinary uric acid after the diet correlated with calcitriol concentration (r = 0.57, P < 0.05) and the decrease in urinary urea correlated positively with that in hydroxyproline excretion (r = 0.58, P < 0.01).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In hypercalciuric patients, moderate protein restriction decreases calcium excretion, mainly through a reduction in bone resorption and renal calcium loss; both are likely due to a decreased exogenous acid load. Moreover, dietary protein restriction ameliorates the entire lithogenic profile in these patients.},
}
@article {pmid9931049,
year = {1999},
author = {Vezzoli, G and Caumo, A and Baragetti, I and Zerbi, S and Bellinzoni, P and Centemero, A and Rubinacci, A and Moro, G and Adamo, D and Bianchi, G and Soldati, L},
title = {Study of calcium metabolism in idiopathic hypercalciuria by strontium oral load test.},
journal = {Clinical chemistry},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {257-261},
pmid = {9931049},
issn = {0009-9147},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Area Under Curve ; Calcium/*metabolism/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Strontium/*administration &amp; dosage/pharmacokinetics ; },
abstract = {Calcium excretion and absorption were evaluated in hypercalciuric calcium stone formers by the study of Sr2+ excretion and absorption after an oral load. Ca2+ stone formers (n = 140) were studied, and the results were compared in the 83 of them who had idiopathic hypercalciuria and in the 57 who had Ca2+ excretion within reference values. Hypercalciuric patients showed increased renal Sr2+ clearance (CRE; 5.26 +/- 0.358 vs 3.29 +/- 0.277 mL/min; P <0.001), whereas Sr2+ absorption [assessed as the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC)] was increased at 30 and 60 min (1.53 +/- 0.087 vs 1.21 +/- 0.071 mmol. L-1. min; P <0.05), but not at 240 min after the load. In hypercalciuric patients, the AUCs were positively correlated with urinary Sr2+ fractional excretion (P <0. 001). Conversely, in normocalciuric patients plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) was negatively correlated with the AUCs (P <0.01) and CRE (P <0.05), whereas 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D plasma concentrations normalized to PTH were positively correlated with the AUCs (P <0.05). The results of Sr2+ load tests suggest that in the hypercalciuric population, Ca2+ absorption is altered predominantly in the duodenum and that the normal regulation exerted by calciotropic hormones on tubular and enteral Ca2+ handling is lost.},
}
@article {pmid9873245,
year = {1998},
author = {Schmiedl, A and Schwille, PO and Bergé, B and Markovic, M and Dvorak, O},
title = {Reappraisal of the quantity and nature of renal calcifications and mineral metabolism in the magnesium-deficient rat. Effects of treatment with potassium citrate or the combination magnesium citrate and potassium citrate.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {61},
number = {2},
pages = {76-85},
doi = {10.1159/000030293},
pmid = {9873245},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/*metabolism ; Cathartics/therapeutic use ; Citric Acid/therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Diuretics/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Kidney/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Magnesium Deficiency/complications/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/etiology/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Organometallic Compounds/therapeutic use ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Potassium Citrate/therapeutic use ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; },
abstract = {There is an urgent need for drugs capable of inhibiting renal calcifications, nephrocalcinosis and stones included, in humans. Current anticalcification medication is based mainly on alkalinization of the metabolism using potassium-containing citrate alone, despite the fact that calcium stone patients suffer marginally from both magnesium and potassium deficiency. We investigated the anticalcification efficacy of oral potassium citrate versus the combined administration of this drug and magnesium citrate in the magnesium-deficient rat developing corticomedullary nephrocalcinosis and luminal microliths in the long term. Among other things we employed specific stains for calcium and oxalate, light microscopy and element analysis for renal tissue and calcifications, respectively. In addition, minerals in renal tissue, urine and plasma were determined, as well as the state of extracellular calcium homeostasis. Magnesium deficiency caused pure calcium phosphate tissue deposits, containing no magnesium, but no deposition of calcium oxalate in the tubular lumen; tissue magnesium, calcium and phosphorus were increased, and there was marked potassium wastage via urine; despite mild hypercalcemia other signs of hyperparathyroidism were not found. Alkalinization with the two kinds of medication evoked an increase in urinary pH, citrate, and potassium; however, potassium citrate alone tended to aggravate renal concretions, whereas the combination of this drug with magnesium citrate completely prevented concretions. It was concluded that: (1) magnesium deficiency-induced calcifications are oxalate-free and are not sensitive to mobilization by alkalinization with potassium citrate, which might explain the failure of the drug to prevent stone recurrence in clinical stone patients, and (2) the combination of potassium citrate and magnesium citrate, which shows enormous anticalcification efficacy, deserves high priority in clinical trials aimed at evaluating strategies for the prevention of stones.},
}
@article {pmid9858696,
year = {1998},
author = {Palaniyar, N and Semotok, JL and Wood, DD and Moscarello, MA and Harauz, G},
title = {Human proteolipid protein (PLP) mediates winding and adhesion of phospholipid membranes but prevents their fusion.},
journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta},
volume = {1415},
number = {1},
pages = {85-100},
doi = {10.1016/s0005-2736(98)00180-1},
pmid = {9858696},
issn = {0006-3002},
mesh = {Apoproteins/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Freeze Fracturing ; Humans ; Lipid Bilayers ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myelin Proteolipid Protein/*metabolism ; Phospholipids/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; },
abstract = {Proteolipid protein (PLP or lipophilin) is a highly conserved, strongly hydrophobic, integral membrane protein, and is the major protein component of central nervous system myelin. Although PLP has been implicated in many functions, its in vivo role is still uncertain. Here, we report the investigation of PLP's putative adhesive function using purified PLP and reconstituted phospholipid vesicles made of either 100% phosphatidylcholine (PC), or a mixture of 92% PC and 8% phosphatidylserine (PS), by weight. PLP-induced changes in the phospholipid bilayer surfaces were directly examined by transmission electron microscopy. We found that upon the introduction of PLP, larger lipid vesicles became smaller and unilamellar. At the PLP:lipid molar ratio of 1:20, vesicle membranes rolled onto themselves forming 'croissant'-like structures that subsequently adhered to each other. The phenomena of PLP-induced bilayer rolling and adhesion were dependent on the concentration of PLP and the period of incubation, but were independent of the presence of calcium and types of phospholipids (PC or PC:PS). Furthermore, the presence of PLP in the lipid bilayers prevented the fusion of membranes. These findings show that PLP can induce membrane 'winding' while preventing the fusion of adjacent lipid bilayers. Hence, our data provide direct evidence for PLP's suspected function of membrane adhesion, and also suggest that PLP could potentially play a role in the formation of the myelin sheath.},
}
@article {pmid9812976,
year = {1998},
author = {Favre, CJ and Ufret-Vincenty, CA and Stone, MR and Ma, HT and Gill, DL},
title = {Ca2+ pool emptying stimulates Ca2+ entry activated by S-nitrosylation.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {273},
number = {47},
pages = {30855-30858},
doi = {10.1074/jbc.273.47.30855},
pmid = {9812976},
issn = {0021-9258},
support = {HL55426/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Alkylating Agents/pharmacology ; Animals ; Biological Transport ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Calcium Signaling/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cricetinae ; Lung/cytology ; Muscle, Smooth/cytology ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Nitrites/pharmacology ; Nitroprusside/pharmacology ; Nitroso Compounds/*metabolism ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/*metabolism ; Triazoles/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The entry of Ca2+ following Ca2+ pool release is a major component of Ca2+ signals; yet despite intense study, how "store-operated" entry channels are activated is unresolved. Because S-nitrosylation has become recognized as an important regulatory modification of several key channel proteins, its role in Ca2+ entry was investigated. A novel class of lipophilic NO donors activated Ca2+ entry independent of the well defined NO target, guanylate cyclase. Strikingly similar entry of Ca2+ induced by cell permeant alkylators indicated that this Ca2+ entry process was activated through thiol modification. Significantly, Ca2+ entry activated by either NO donors or alkylators was highly stimulated by Ca2+ pool depletion, which increased both the rate of Ca2+ release and the sensitivity to thiol modifiers. The results indicate that S-nitrosylation underlies activation of an important store-operated Ca2+ entry mechanism.},
}
@article {pmid9637423,
year = {1998},
author = {Imamura, K and Tonoki, H and Wakui, K and Fukushima, Y and Sasaki, S and Yausda, K and Takekoshi, Y and Tochimaru, H},
title = {4q33-qter deletion and absorptive hypercalciuria: report of two unrelated girls.},
journal = {American journal of medical genetics},
volume = {78},
number = {1},
pages = {52-54},
pmid = {9637423},
issn = {0148-7299},
mesh = {Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*genetics ; Child, Preschool ; *Chromosome Deletion ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Translocation, Genetic ; Urinary Calculi/*genetics ; },
abstract = {We report on two unrelated girls with multiple malformations, each of whom had a der(4)t(4;?)(q33;?) chromosome--an unbalanced translocation chromosome with deletion of the 4q33-qter segment and addition of a segment of an unknown chromosome. One of the two girls had asymptomatic kidney stones. Both had excess urinary calcium excretion (0.53 and 0.84 mg/mg creatinine, respectively), exaggerated excretion on oral calcium load, and reduced but excessive excretion on restricted calcium intake. The urinary calcium excretion of their parents was normal. Both girls were thus diagnosed to have sporadic absorptive hypercalciuria. It was deduced that the 4q33-qter segment contains the putative gene for absorptive hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid9631508,
year = {1998},
author = {Chinni, C and Bottomley, SP and Duffy, EJ and Hemmings, BA and Stone, SR},
title = {Expression and purification of the human thrombin receptor.},
journal = {Protein expression and purification},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {9-15},
doi = {10.1006/prep.1998.0859},
pmid = {9631508},
issn = {1046-5928},
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Baculoviridae/genetics ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chromatography, Affinity/methods ; Cloning, Molecular ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Humans ; Receptors, Thrombin/*genetics/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/isolation &amp; purification/metabolism ; Spodoptera ; },
abstract = {The human thrombin receptor has been overexpressed in Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect cells using a baculovirus vector. Cell surface expression of the receptor was confirmed by immunocytochemistry with polyclonal antibodies raised against the extracellular domain of the receptor. The expressed receptor was functional; both thrombin and the thrombin receptor agonist peptide produced increases in intracellular calcium in transfected cells. The concentration of thrombin causing the half-maximal increase (EC50) in intracellular calcium was 3.9 nM, whereas the EC50 for the agonist peptide was 2.7 microM. However, the observed maximum increase in intracellular calcium concentration with the agonist peptide (547 nM) was twofold greater than that observed with thrombin (258 nM). The recombinant receptor was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody raised against the receptor extracellular domain. The purified preparation contained two species with apparent molecular masses of 48 and 90 kDa, both of which were recognized by mono- and polyclonal antibodies against the thrombin receptor. The yield of the purified receptor was 0.78 mg/liter of insect cells suspension culture (10(6) cells/ml). The purified thrombin receptor will be useful in future structural and functional studies.},
}
@article {pmid9582122,
year = {1998},
author = {Ebinu, JO and Bottorff, DA and Chan, EY and Stang, SL and Dunn, RJ and Stone, JC},
title = {RasGRP, a Ras guanyl nucleotide- releasing protein with calcium- and diacylglycerol-binding motifs.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {280},
number = {5366},
pages = {1082-1086},
doi = {10.1126/science.280.5366.1082},
pmid = {9582122},
issn = {0036-8075},
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Size ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Diglycerides/metabolism ; Genes, ras ; *Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors ; Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/metabolism ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; ras Proteins/*metabolism ; ras-GRF1 ; },
abstract = {RasGRP, a guanyl nucleotide-releasing protein for the small guanosine triphosphatase Ras, was characterized. Besides the catalytic domain, RasGRP has an atypical pair of "EF hands" that bind calcium and a diacylglycerol (DAG)-binding domain. RasGRP activated Ras and caused transformation in fibroblasts. A DAG analog caused sustained activation of Ras-Erk signaling and changes in cell morphology. Signaling was associated with partitioning of RasGRP protein into the membrane fraction. Sustained ligand-induced signaling and membrane partitioning were absent when the DAG-binding domain was deleted. RasGRP is expressed in the nervous system, where it may couple changes in DAG and possibly calcium concentrations to Ras activation.},
}
@article {pmid9612337,
year = {1998},
author = {Sands, JM and Flores, FX and Kato, A and Baum, MA and Brown, EM and Ward, DT and Hebert, SC and Harris, HW},
title = {Vasopressin-elicited water and urea permeabilities are altered in IMCD in hypercalcemic rats.},
journal = {The American journal of physiology},
volume = {274},
number = {5},
pages = {F978-85},
doi = {10.1152/ajprenal.1998.274.5.F978},
pmid = {9612337},
issn = {0002-9513},
support = {R01 DK041707/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK-38874/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK-41707/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Endosomes/metabolism ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Hypercalcemia/*metabolism/*physiopathology ; Kidney Medulla/*metabolism/*physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Vasopressin/*physiology ; Urea/*metabolism ; Vasopressins/*physiology ; Water/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {To investigate how hypercalcemia blunts renal concentrating ability, alterations in basal and arginine vasopressin (AVP)-elicited osmotic water (Pf) and urea (Purea) permeabilities were measured in isolated perfused terminal inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD) from control and chronically hypercalcemic rats after dihydrotachysterol (DHT) (M. Levi, L. Peterson, and T. Berl. Kidney Int. 23: 489-497, 1983) treatment. The IMCD Pf of DHT-treated rats did not increase significantly after AVP and was accompanied by a significant 87 +/- 4% reduction in aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) protein but not mRNA. In contrast, both basal and AVP-elicited IMCD Purea from DHT rats were significantly increased and accompanied by a significant 41 +/- 11% increase in AVP-regulated urea transporter protein content. Immunoblotting with anti-calcium/polyvalent cation-sensing receptor protein (CaR) antiserum revealed specific alterations in CaR bands in endosomes purified from the apical membranes of inner medulla of DHT rats. These data are the first detailed analyses of hypercalcemia-induced alterations in AVP-regulated permeabilities and membrane transporters in IMCD. We conclude that selective alterations in IMCD transport occur in hypercalcemia, permitting the body to dispose of excess calcium without forming calcium-containing renal stones.},
}
@article {pmid9593645,
year = {1998},
author = {Milin, J},
title = {Stress-reactive response of the gerbil pineal gland: concretion genesis.},
journal = {General and comparative endocrinology},
volume = {110},
number = {3},
pages = {237-251},
doi = {10.1006/gcen.1998.7069},
pmid = {9593645},
issn = {0016-6480},
mesh = {Animals ; Antimony/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calculi/*metabolism/pathology ; Gerbillinae/anatomy &amp; histology/metabolism/*physiology ; Immobilization ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neuroglia/ultrastructure ; Organelles/ultrastructure ; Pineal Gland/*metabolism/physiology/ultrastructure ; Stress, Physiological/*metabolism/pathology ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {The reaction of pinealocytes and glia cells to an acute immobilization stress and their poststress recovery was studied in gerbils. Pinealocytes responded to immobilization with an increased peptidergic activity and formation of new concretions, whereas glia cells with an increased growth of interstitial concretions. The occurrence of degenerating pinealocytes indicated deleterious actions of immobilization stress on functionally stimulated cells. The pyroantimonate method to detect Ca2+ demonstrated enlarged crystalline profiles (Ca2+ crystallization into hydroxyapatite) in functionally stimulated pinealocytes and the accumulation of Ca2+ in the interstitial concretion. The pinealocyte concretions did not show the Ca2+ accumulation. The pineal gland poststress recovery was manifested by a reduced functionally stimulated pinealocyte activity and a protracted increase in glia cell activity. It is suggested that the physiological relevance of the crystallization of Ca2+ into hydroxyapatite is to maintain a noradrenalin-stimulated Ca2+ influx at an optimal level during attentuated pinealocyte turnover. The interstitial concretions may lower the extracellular Ca2+ concentrations and thereby stimulate pinealocytes and restrict an increased Ca2+ influx.},
}
@article {pmid9593778,
year = {1998},
author = {Yao, J and Kathpalia, P and Bushinsky, DA and Favus, MJ},
title = {Hyperresponsiveness of vitamin D receptor gene expression to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. A new characteristic of genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming rats.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {101},
number = {10},
pages = {2223-2232},
pmid = {9593778},
issn = {0021-9738},
support = {P50 DK-47631/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Bone and Bones/physiology ; Calbindins ; Calcitriol/*pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cycloheximide/pharmacology ; Dactinomycin/pharmacology ; Duodenum/drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation/*drug effects ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Intestinal Absorption/physiology ; Kidney/drug effects ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*genetics ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription, Genetic/drug effects ; Up-Regulation/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria in genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) rats is accompanied by intestinal Ca hyperabsorption with normal serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] levels, elevation of intestinal, kidney, and bone vitamin D receptor (VDR) content, and greater 1,25(OH)2D3-induced bone resorption in vitro. To test the hypothesis that hyperresponsiveness of VDR gene expression to 1,25(OH)2D3 may mediate these observations, male GHS and wild-type Sprague- Dawley normocalciuric control rats were fed a normal Ca diet (0.6% Ca) and received a single intraperitoneal injection of either 1,25(OH)2D3 (10-200 ng/100 g body wt) or vehicle. Total RNAs were isolated from both duodenum and kidney cortex, and the VDR and calbindin mRNA levels were determined by Northern blot hybridization using specific cDNA probes. Under basal conditions, VDR mRNA levels in GHS rats were lower in duodenum and higher in kidney compared with wild-type controls. Administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased VDR gene expression significantly in GHS but not normocalciuric animals, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In vivo half-life of VDR mRNA was similar in GHS and control rats in both duodenum and kidney, and was prolonged significantly (from 4-5 to > 8 h) by 1,25(OH)2D3 administration. Neither inhibition of gene transcription by actinomycin D nor inhibition of de novo protein synthesis with cycloheximide blocked the upregulation of VDR gene expression stimulated by 1,25(OH)2D3 administration. No alteration or mutation was detected in the sequence of duodenal VDR mRNA from GHS rats compared with wild-type animals. Furthermore, 1,25(OH)2D3 administration also led to an increase in duodenal and renal calbindin mRNA levels in GHS rats, whereas they were either suppressed or unchanged in wild-type animals. The results suggest that GHS rats hyperrespond to minimal doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 by an upregulation of VDR gene expression. This hyperresponsiveness of GHS rats to 1,25(OH)2D3 (a) occurs through an increase in VDR mRNA stability without involving alteration in gene transcription, de novo protein synthesis, or mRNA sequence; and (b) is likely of functional significance, and affects VDR-responsive genes in 1, 25(OH)2D3 target tissues. This unique characteristic suggests that GHS rats may be susceptible to minimal fluctuations in serum 1, 25(OH)2D3, resulting in increased VDR and VDR-responsive events, which in turn may pathologically amplify the actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 on Ca metabolism that thus contribute to the hypercalciuria and stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid9592625,
year = {1998},
author = {Baggio, B and Plebani, M and Gambaro, G},
title = {Pathogenesis of idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis: update 1997.},
journal = {Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {153-187},
doi = {10.1080/10408369891234183},
pmid = {9592625},
issn = {1040-8363},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*genetics/*metabolism/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism/*physiopathology ; Male ; Pedigree ; Urinary Calculi/*genetics/*metabolism/*physiopathology ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis (ICN) is a frequent disease in Western countries. The physicochemical theory of lithogenesis, which explains stone formation by the precipitation, growth, and crystalline aggregation of lithogenic salts in the urine, has contributed greatly to the understanding of the pathogenesis of calcium urolithiasis. However, several aspects are still unexplained; the co-existence of familial occurrence, primary tubular dysfunctions with ICN, and anomalies in the systemic handling of oxalate and calcium led to the development of a cellular hypothesis of ICN. A number of cellular defects in the handling of ions has been reported that involves both anion and cation transport. These anomalies are probably the expression of a still unknown cellular defect in idiopathic calcium stone formers. We suggested that an anomaly in the cell membrane composition might be responsible for the complex array of cell ion flux abnormalities observed in ICN. Recently, a disorder in the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid series has been described; it is characterized by a lower linoleic acid content and a higher arachidonic acid concentration in both plasma and erythrocyte membrane phospholipids of renal calcium stone patients. This anomaly could cause an increased activity of ion carriers; furthermore, it may lead to increased prostaglandin synthesis and to secondary phenomena at the kidney, skeletal, and intestinal level. As a consequence, critical conditions for lithogenesis in the kidney may ensue. The data suggest a common pathogenesis for hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria. The systemic defect in the phospholipid arachidonic acid level may be both of dietary or genetic origin; experimental data suggest that the increase in delta-6 desaturase activity, the limiting enzyme in the metabolic pathway of polyunsaturated fatty acids, might be relevant to the pathogenesis of lipid abnormalities observed in nephrolithiasis and to the pathogenesis of ICN and its related problems (at the kidney, intestinal, and bone level).},
}
@article {pmid9584451,
year = {1998},
author = {Wong, L},
title = {Plaque mineralisation in vitro.},
journal = {The New Zealand dental journal},
volume = {94},
number = {415},
pages = {15-18},
pmid = {9584451},
issn = {0028-8047},
mesh = {Acids/metabolism ; Alkalies/metabolism ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Calcium/analysis/metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis/metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/analysis/pharmacology ; Carbonates/analysis/metabolism ; Culture Media ; Dental Calculus/etiology/metabolism ; Dental Plaque/*metabolism/microbiology/ultrastructure ; Durapatite/analysis/metabolism ; Fluorides/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ion-Selective Electrodes ; Microscopy, Electron ; Minerals/*metabolism ; Mucins/metabolism ; Phosphates/analysis/metabolism/pharmacology ; Saliva/metabolism/physiology ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Sucrose/pharmacology ; Urea/metabolism/pharmacology ; X-Ray Diffraction ; },
abstract = {Dental calculus is plaque mineralised by deposition of calcium and phosphate resulting from interactions between the oral microbial plaque flora and components of oral fluids. An artificial-mouth microcosm dental plaque culture system has been developed to study aspects of plaque mineralisation, including pH control. Five plaques were grown from saliva under simulated oral conditions in a mucin-containing medium, and sucrose was applied to mimic meals. The plaques were mineralised with a urea-based, calcium-phosphate-monofluorophosphate-urea (CPMU) mineralising solution. Alkaline pH oscillations were generated by the plaques in response to CPMU applications, and an acidic oscillation followed sucrose applications. Plaque mineralisation by the CPMU procedure was almost totally dependent on the urea present in the mineralising solution, but total mineralisation also increased as the resting pH increased as a result of urea in the medium. Following four CPMU applications with a sucrose application every 12 hours improved plaque viability and mineralisation. The plaque mineral formed resembled a carbonated hydroxyapatite; other potential calcium phosphate minerals were undetectable except for calcium carbonate. A wide range of mineral deposition patterns in plaque were seen by electron microscopy.},
}
@article {pmid9554332,
year = {1998},
author = {Assimos, DG},
title = {Insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of patients with calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {159},
number = {5},
pages = {1457-1458},
doi = {10.1097/00005392-199805000-00009},
pmid = {9554332},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Buffers ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/physiopathology/therapy/*urine ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Potassium Compounds/therapeutic use ; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/*urine ; Sex Factors ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid9550636,
year = {1998},
author = {Leonetti, F and Dussol, B and Berthezene, P and Thirion, X and Berland, Y},
title = {Dietary and urinary risk factors for stones in idiopathic calcium stone formers compared with healthy subjects.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {617-622},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/13.3.617},
pmid = {9550636},
issn = {0931-0509},
mesh = {Calcium Oxalate/*analysis ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; France ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seasons ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urinary Calculi/*epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The high social-economic cost of nephrolithiasis wholly justifies the attempts to understand its mechanism and avoid recurrences. The influence of dietary habits and urinary risk factors has been evaluated, but the results were discrepant, probably because of differences in the methodologies used to compare patients and controls.<br><br>METHODS: The aim was to assess dietary and urinary risk factors for urinary stones by comparison between 108 calcium stone formers (SF) and 210 healthy subjects (HS). All subjects were recruited during the same 1 year period. Personal characteristics, dietary habits (evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire) and urinary biochemical parameters were collected. The high predominance of men in the SF group led us to focus on the 79 SF and the 96 HS men.<br><br>RESULTS: A familial history of stones was reported more frequently in SF than in HS, 42.9% vs 17.6%, P<0.005. Body weight was higher in SF, 76.8+/-12.2 kg vs 72.8+/-9.6 kg, P=0.02; and calcium intake was lower in SF, 794.8+/-294.1 mg vs 943.6+/-345.4 mg, P<0.01. For urinary parameters, calcium and oxalate output were significantly higher in SF. Urinary urea, as a reflection of daily protein intake, and uric acid were also higher in SF. Urinary citrate excretion related to body weight was lower in SF. Calciuria was significantly correlated with urinary urea in both SF and HS, but the correlation was stronger for SF. Calciuria correlated significantly with natriuria only in HS.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The main differences between SF and HS were that SF had a family history of stones, a higher body weight, a lower daily intake of calcium, and a higher urinary output of calcium and oxalate. These results underline the combined role of genetic and nutritional factors in the pathogenesis of urinary stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid9519425,
year = {1998},
author = {Kikuchi, E and Sumitomo, M and Hatakeyama, N and Baba, S and Murai, M},
title = {Percutaneous endoscopic marsupialization of a pyelocaliceal diverticulum with milk of calcium stones.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {60},
number = {1},
pages = {62-65},
doi = {10.1159/000030206},
pmid = {9519425},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Adult ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Disease-Free Survival ; Diverticulum/diagnostic imaging/*surgery ; Endoscopy/*methods ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/diagnostic imaging/metabolism/*surgery ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/diagnostic imaging/*surgery ; Male ; Rupture, Spontaneous ; Urography ; },
abstract = {Numerous reports have described the management of pyelocaliceal diverticula associated with milk of calcium renal stones. Traditionally, open surgical techniques to manage such diverticula have included marsupialization and fulguration of the diverticulum, or partial/total nephrectomy. Recently, however, these invasive procedures have been replaced by percutaneous techniques. We report a patient with spontaneous rupture of a pyelocaliceal diverticulum with milk of calcium renal stones, who was successfully treated with endourological procedures.},
}
@article {pmid9519420,
year = {1998},
author = {Robert, M and Boularan, AM and Delbos, O and Guiter, J and Descomps, B},
title = {Study of calcium oxalate crystalluria on renal and vesical urines in stone formers and normal subjects.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {60},
number = {1},
pages = {41-46},
doi = {10.1159/000030201},
pmid = {9519420},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Crystallization ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/epidemiology/*urine ; Urine/*chemistry ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to compare vesical and renal calcium oxalate crystalluria in an attempt to correlate crystal formation with chemical composition and calcium oxalate saturation of renal urine.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: Urine specimens were directly collected from the bladder and the kidney, of 11 stone formers and 11 control subjects under general anesthesia. The type of crystals present in urine as well as their size, number by cubic millimeter and state of aggregation were determined. In addition, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, phosphate, citrate, oxalate, pyrophosphate and uric acid were measured in order to evaluate the calcium saturation status (EQUIL V program).<br><br>RESULTS: Calcium oxalate crystals were detected in 3 stone formers (27%) and 2 control subjects (18%) in vesical urine and in 4 stone formers (36%) and 3 control subjects (27%) in renal urine. Only 2 stone formers presented with simultaneous renal and vesical crystalluria. Subjects of the two groups with and without renal crystalluria were compared in terms of chemical composition and calcium oxalate saturation of renal urine. Crystalluric subjects (n = 7) had significantly higher uricosuria (p = 0.02), calciuria (p = 0.04), magnesiuria (p = 0.04) and calcium oxalate molar product (p = 0.05) than noncrystalluric (n = 15); calcium oxalate saturation was similar (p = 0.5).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Beyond theorical considerations on lithogenesis, our observations and in particular the apparent discrepancy between renal and vesical crystalluria pose the problem of the clinical interest of the evaluation of calcium oxalate crystalluria based on freshly voided urine in the assessing the lithogenic risk or in the follow-up of patients who are particularly prone to stone recurrence.},
}
@article {pmid9478942,
year = {1998},
author = {De Reggi, M and Gharib, B and Patard, L and Stoven, V},
title = {Lithostathine, the presumed pancreatic stone inhibitor, does not interact specifically with calcium carbonate crystals.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {273},
number = {9},
pages = {4967-4971},
doi = {10.1074/jbc.273.9.4967},
pmid = {9478942},
issn = {0021-9258},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Calculi/*metabolism ; Chemical Precipitation ; Humans ; Lithostathine ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Pancreatic Diseases/metabolism ; Pancreatic Juice/*metabolism ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; },
abstract = {Lithostathine (pancreatic stone protein, Reg protein) is, in addition to albumin, the major nonenzymatic protein of the pancreatic juice. It has been assumed to inhibit calcium carbonate precipitation and therefore to prevent stone formation in the pancreatic ducts. This function is, however, debatable. The assumption is based on the inhibition of in vitro crystal nucleation and growth by lithostathine. Considering that these phenomena occur only under certain critical conditions, we re-examined the question using a protein preparation where the purity and folding have been tested by mass spectroscopy and NMR in the absence of nonprotein contaminants. Under these conditions, we showed conclusively that lithostathine does not inhibit calcium carbonate nucleation and crystal growth. We demonstrated that previous findings on the alleged inhibition can be attributed to the uncontrolled presence of salts in the protein preparation used. Moreover, the affinity of lithostathine to calcite crystals, expressed as the half-life of bound iodinated protein in the presence of unlabeled competitor, was significantly lower than that of bovine serum albumin (8.8 and 11.2 h, respectively). Using glass microspheres instead of crystals did not significantly change the half-life of bound lithostathine (8.0 h). These findings are incompatible with the hypothesis of a specific interaction of lithostathine with calcium carbonate crystals. In conclusion, considering that components of pancreatic juice such as NaCl and phosphate ions are powerful inhibitors of calcium carbonate crystal growth, the mechanism of stone formation in pancreatic ducts must be reconsidered. The presence in normal pancreatic juice of small amounts of the 133-residue isoform of lithostathine (PSP-S1), which precipitates at physiological pH, should be noted, and the possibility should be considered that they form micro-precipitates that aggregate and are progressively calcified.},
}
@article {pmid9513904,
year = {1998},
author = {Scott, P and Ouimet, D and Proulx, Y and Trouvé, ML and Guay, G and Gagnon, B and Valiquette, L and Bonnardeaux, A},
title = {The 1 alpha-hydroxylase locus is not linked to calcium stone formation or calciuric phenotypes in French-Canadian families.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {425-432},
doi = {10.1681/ASN.V93425},
pmid = {9513904},
issn = {1046-6673},
mesh = {25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase/*genetics/metabolism ; Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Canada ; Family Health ; Female ; France/ethnology ; Genetic Linkage ; Genetic Markers/genetics ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*enzymology/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Family ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Vitamin D/blood ; White People/*genetics ; },
abstract = {Calcium urolithiasis is often associated with increased intestinal absorption and urine excretion of calcium, and has been suggested to result from increased vitamin D production. The role of the enzyme 1 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting step in active vitamin D production, was evaluated in 36 families, including 28 sibships with at least a pair of affected sibs, using qualitative and quantitative trait linkage analyses. Sibs with a verified calcium urolithiasis passage (n = 117) had higher 24-h calciuria (P = 0.03), oxaluria (P = 0.02), fasting and postcalcium loading urine calcium/creatinine (Ca/cr) ratios (P = 0.008 and P = 0.002, respectively), and serum 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D levels (P = 0.02) compared with nonstone-forming sibs (n = 120). Markers from a 9-centiMorgan interval encompassing the VDD1 locus on chromosome 12q13-14 (putative 1 alpha-hydroxylase) were analyzed in 28 sibships (146 sib pairs) of single and recurrent stone formers and in 14 sibships (65 sib pairs) with recurrent-only (> or = 3 episodes) stone-forming sibs. Two-point and multipoint analyses did not reveal excess in alleles shared among affected sibs at the VDD1 locus. Linkage of stone formation to the VDD1 locus could be excluded, respectively, with a lambda d of 2.0 (single and recurrent stone formers) and 3.25 (recurrent stone formers). Quantitative trait analyses revealed no evidence for linkage to 24-h calciuria and oxaluria, serum 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D levels, and Ca/cr ratios. This study shows absence of linkage of the putative 1 alpha-hydroxylase locus to calcium stone formation or to quantitative traits associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria. In addition, there is coaggregation of calciuric and oxaluric phenotypes with stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid9510866,
year = {1998},
author = {Vezzoli, G and Baragetti, I and Zerbi, S and Caumo, A and Soldati, L and Bellinzoni, P and Centemero, A and Rubinacci, A and Moro, G and Bianchi, G},
title = {Strontium absorption and excretion in normocalciuric subjects: relation to calcium metabolism.},
journal = {Clinical chemistry},
volume = {44},
number = {3},
pages = {586-590},
pmid = {9510866},
issn = {0009-9147},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Oxalate ; Creatinine/blood/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoradiometric Assay ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*metabolism/urine ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood ; Phosphates/blood/urine ; Radioligand Assay ; Reference Values ; Regression Analysis ; Sodium/blood/urine ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Strontium/administration &amp; dosage/*pharmacokinetics ; },
abstract = {The relationships of Sr intestinal absorption and renal excretion with biohumoral factors regulating Ca metabolism were studied in 47 normocalciuric subjects with Ca kidney stones. Sr concentrations were measured in serum and urine after an oral load of stable Sr (30.2 mumol/kg body wt). Enteral absorption of the ion (9.77 +/- 0.438 mmol.L-1.min, 240 min after Sr administration), expressed as the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), and renal clearance (CRE) in these subjects during the test (2.80 +/- 0.336 mL/min) were not different from values for 27 controls. CRE was not correlated with AUCs. Plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) negatively correlated with AUCs (P < 0.01) and correlated with CRE after one outlier was excluded (P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D correlated positively with AUCs (P < 0.01) when normalized to the plasma concentration of PTH. Multiple stepwise regression showed that PTH and phosphatemia were significantly related to AUC values at 240 min (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that Sr absorption and excretion reflect the regulation of Ca metabolism, but some differences in renal handling of the two ions may exist.},
}
@article {pmid9474122,
year = {1998},
author = {de Swart, PM and Sokole, EB and Wilmink, JM},
title = {The interrelationship of calcium and magnesium absorption in idiopathic hypercalciuria and renal calcium stone disease.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {159},
number = {3},
pages = {669-672},
doi = {10.1097/00005392-199803000-00009},
pmid = {9474122},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: A decreased concentration of magnesium in the urine is a risk factor for renal calcium stone disease that may be caused by decreased enteral absorption of magnesium. We analyze the possible reciprocal influences of enteral absorption of calcium and magnesium in patients with renal stone disease.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the fractional enteral absorption of 47calcium and 28magnesium in 11 patients with renal calcium stone disease, including 8 with and 3 without hypercalciuria. Two tests were performed using calcium and magnesium, respectively, followed by another test in which the enteral absorption of calcium and magnesium was measured after both cations were administered together.<br><br>RESULTS: We noted no clear influence of either cation on the absorption of the other in the 3 patients without hypercalciuria. However, in the 8 hypercalciuric patients enteral calcium absorption decreased after the concurrent administration of magnesium and enteral magnesium absorption increased after the concurrent administration of calcium. Each effect was proportional to the other.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the oral supplementation of magnesium in patients with hyperabsorptive hypercalciuria and renal calcium stone disease is favorable because it decreases calcium absorption and increases magnesium absorption. Both factors may reduce risk factors for renal calcium stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid9474120,
year = {1998},
author = {Caudarella, R and Rizzoli, E and Buffa, A and Bottura, A and Stefoni, S},
title = {Comparative study of the influence of 3 types of mineral water in patients with idiopathic calcium lithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {159},
number = {3},
pages = {658-663},
pmid = {9474120},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mineral Waters/analysis ; Oxalates/urine ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: While there is general agreement on the need to increase urinary volume in stone formers, contrasting opinions have been expressed about the hardness of water and stone incidence. We evaluate the influence of 3 types of mineral water on urinary analytes in 22 idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients underwent a nutritional and metabolic evaluation at baseline, and after a controlled diet including water with a high, medium or low calcium content.<br><br>RESULTS: In patients who drank water with high and medium calcium contents calcium excretion increased, although the results did not reach statistical significance. In those who drank water with the highest calcium content oxalate excretion significantly decreased (p = 0.05), as did the oxalate-to-calcium ratio (p = 0.05). Moreover, these modifications did not induce relevant changes in urinary saturation. In patients who drank water with the greatest amount of bicarbonate citrate excretion increased (p = 0.03).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Mineral water with a higher calcium content induced increased calcium excretion but significantly decreased oxalate excretion. These data are in accordance with those of others, who did not find definite evidence that hard water is more lithogenic than soft water. Furthermore, water components other than calcium can modify the tendency toward crystal formation, affecting inhibitory power and/or lithogenic salt excretion.},
}
@article {pmid9329018,
year = {1997},
author = {MacPherson, BR and Pemsingh, RS},
title = {Ground squirrel model for cholelithiasis: role of epithelial glycoproteins.},
journal = {Microscopy research and technique},
volume = {39},
number = {1},
pages = {39-55},
doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19971001)39:1&lt;39::AID-JEMT4&gt;3.0.CO;2-V},
pmid = {9329018},
issn = {1059-910X},
mesh = {Animal Feed ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology ; Aspirin/pharmacology ; Bile/chemistry ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/*metabolism/*pathology/prevention &amp; control/ultrastructure ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Dietary Supplements ; Epithelium/metabolism/pathology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Gallbladder/metabolism/pathology/ultrastructure ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Histocytochemistry ; Lectins/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Mucins/drug effects/metabolism ; Mucus/metabolism ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/biosynthesis ; Sciuridae ; Sialomucins ; },
abstract = {The cholesterol-fed Richardson's ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii) has proven to be an effective animal model in which to study factors that influence cholesterol gallstone formation and associated alterations in the gallbladder epithelium. Ground squirrels of either sex, fed a 2% cholesterol-enriched diet, exhibit cholesterol monohydrate crystal precipitation within 24 hours and macroscopically visible cholesterol stones by 3 weeks. Data on bile chemistry, biliary cholesterol precipitation, and various mucosal alterations occurring prior to, during, and after stone formation were collected using sampling intervals from 6 hours to 20 weeks on the diet. The results indicate that mucin hypersecretion appears to be more closely related to the initiation of nucleation than does either bile calcium of pH. Mucus hypersecretion begins within 18 hours of diet initiation and continues throughout the 20 week experimental period. Apical excrescences became more common and were larger in size during the early stages of cholelithiasis. Administration of aspirin during the experimental period demonstrated an inhibition of mucin synthesis and release. Gallstones were not formed in these aspirin-treated animals. A lectin-binding panel for 10 epithelial glycoprotein-related sugars indicated the mucin secreted by the gallbladder epithelium of 7 day experimental animals differed from that of controls. The most obvious difference was the abolition of WGA binding in the experimental animals, suggesting an absence of sialic acid expression in the mucin during the lithogenic process. Ultrastructural histochemistry indicated that both sulphomucin and sialomucin were present in the secretory granules and within the surface mucus layer of both experimental and control animals. Experimental animals, however, exhibited a significant predominance for sulphomucin. This pattern varies from that typically seen in other regions of the gastrointestinal tract where sialomucins predominate during pathologic processes.},
}
@article {pmid9385591,
year = {1997},
author = {Schwille, PO and Schmiedl, A and Herrmann, U and Schwille, R and Fink, E and Manoharan, M},
title = {Acute oral calcium-sodium citrate load in healthy males. Effects on acid-base and mineral metabolism, oxalate and other risk factors of stone formation in urine.},
journal = {Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {417-427},
pmid = {9385591},
issn = {0379-0355},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Antioxidants/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Biological Availability ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium Citrate/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism/urine ; Crystallization ; Dietary Supplements ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Minerals/*metabolism ; Postprandial Period ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {The currently preferred calcium preparations for supplementation of food vary widely with respect to calcium availability, effects on systemic mineral metabolism, acid-base status, and the calciuria-induced risk of urinary tract stone formation. In eight healthy males we studied the response to an acute load with alkali(sodium)-containing soluble calcium citrate (CSC) (molar ratio calcium/sodium/citrate approx. = 1/1/1), when taken in three different doses (10, 20, 30 mmol calcium) together with a continental breakfast. Intestinal calcium absorption, serum calcium, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) other markers of bone metabolism, net acid excretion and calcium oxalate crystallization in urine were evaluated. CSC evoked a dose-dependent increase in calcium absorption, calcium in serum and urine, but no overt hypercalcemia, and calciuria was low relative to the excess calcium ingested; PTH fell and calcitonin rose (p < 0.05 vs. breakfast alone), but the diet-independent markers of bone resorption declined only insignificantly, while the markers of bone formation and turnover remained unchanged. There was a significant "once-daily" effect (= cumulative 24 h postload response) of CSC: a decrease in urinary cyclic AMP, phosphorus, and ammonium, and an increase in urinary bicarbonate. Soon after CSC intake, urinary calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite supersaturation increased dose-dependently, the calcium oxalate crystal diameter was increased, but crystal aggregation time, which is crucial for stone formation, remained statistically unchanged. Thus, CSC provides calcium in a bioavailable form, creates mild systemic alkalinisation and inhibition of bone resorption, but leaves the risk of developing urinary stones unchanged. Comparative long-term studies on bone growth and the maintenance of bone health, using alkali-containing versus alkali-free calcium citrate, appear worthwhile.},
}
@article {pmid9339112,
year = {1997},
author = {Tekin, N and Kural, N and Torun, M},
title = {Renal function in children with hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Turkish journal of pediatrics},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {335-339},
pmid = {9339112},
issn = {0041-4301},
mesh = {Acetylglucosaminidase/urine ; Adolescent ; Biomarkers ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*epidemiology/urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Function Tests ; Kidney Tubules/*injuries ; Male ; Turkey/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria is a common problem causing symptoms such as abdominal pain, hematuria and enuresis, and leading to stone formation. It results from a renal tubular calcium "leak" or intestinal hyper-reabsorption of calcium. This study was performed to determine whether renal functional impairment was present in children with hypercalciuria. The study group comprised 298 children who were screened for hypercalciuria by means of urinary calcium/creatinine (UCa/UCr) ratio. The renal functions of 18 children (6.4%) detected as having hypercalciuria with Ca/Cr ratios of greater than 0.18 in their spot urines were evaluated. Results were compared with those of the healthy control group. The rate of hypercalciuria did not very significantly between the boys and girls (p > 0.05). The mean value of daily calcium excretion was 6.42 + 3.93 mg/kg/day in the children with hypercalciuria, which was significantly different from that of the control group (p < 0.01). When the values of creatinine, osmolar and free water clearances, fractional excretion of sodium and tubular reabsorption of phosphorus were compared between the patient and control groups, the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion, which was described as the creatinine ratio, was significantly higher in the children with hypercalciuria. These findings suggest that in the presence of normal renal functional studies in children with hypercalciuria, tubular injury can be detected by NAG, which is a more sensitive marker of renal tubular injury.},
}
@article {pmid9249770,
year = {1997},
author = {Hess, B and Hasler-Strub, U and Ackermann, D and Jaeger, P},
title = {Metabolic evaluation of patients with recurrent idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {12},
number = {7},
pages = {1362-1368},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/12.7.1362},
pmid = {9249770},
issn = {0931-0509},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/complications ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metabolic evaluation in recurrent idiopathic calcium renal stone-formers (RCSF) was analysed with respect to the following questions: (1) do three 24-h urines provide more diagnostic accuracy in the metabolic evaluation of RCSF than 1 or 2 urines?; (2) does time after stone event influence the diagnostic yield?; (3) is urine composition at weekends different from that at mid-week?; (4) what are the prevalences of the most important risk factors (RF) of idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis, i.e. low volume (LV), hypercalciuria (HC), hyperoxaluria (HO), hyperuricosuria (HU), hypocitraturia (Hypo-Cit), and hypomagnesiuria (Hypo-Mg)?; and (5) do male RCSF differ from females with respect to urinary RFs?<br><br>METHODS: Seventy-five RCSF (59 men, 16 women) collected three 24-h urines (U1-3) while on free-choice diet. To account for possible variations in lifestyle and diet, U1 and U3 had to be collected midweek and U2 at a weekend.<br><br>RESULTS: When considering all three urines together (U1 + U2 + U3), the number of RF abnormalities/patient was 2.8 +/- 0.1, higher than numbers of any combination of two urines or of any single urine (P = 0.0001 for all comparisons). The number of RF abnormalities also rose with time after stone event, from 0.8 +/- 0.1 (range 0-4) in U1 to 1.1 +/- 0.1 (range 0-4) in U3 (P = 0.011 vs U1). Whereas all other RF did not change between collections, urine volume was lower in U2 (1793 +/- 90 ml) than in U1 (2071 +/- 97 ml, P = 0.0001 vs U2) and U3 (1946 +/- 97 ml, P = 0.046 vs U2). At least 1 abnormality was found in 85.3% of all RCSF, and multiple abnormalities occurred in 47%. The most frequent RF was HC (39%), followed by HO and LV (32% each), Hypo-Cit (29%), HU (23%) and Hypo-Mg (19%). Males more often had Hypo-Cit (P < 0.001) and Hypo-Mg (P < 0.01) than females, whereas HO was more frequent in female RCSF (P < 0.025 vs males).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic accuracy of metabolic evaluation in RCSF increases both with the number of urines collected and the time passing after a stone event. Urines collected at weekends differ from those of the week only by their lower volumes. Abnormalities of RF for calcium nephrolithiasis can be detected in 85.3% of RCSF, and HC is the most common RF both in male and female RCSF.},
}
@article {pmid9191346,
year = {1997},
author = {Stone, JD and Howlett, S and Byth, KF and Holmes, N and Alexander, DR},
title = {T-cell antigen receptor signal transduction in CD45-/- thymocytes.},
journal = {Biochemical Society transactions},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {302S},
doi = {10.1042/bst025302s},
pmid = {9191346},
issn = {0300-5127},
mesh = {Animals ; Antibodies/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; Leukocyte Common Antigens/*physiology ; Mice ; Phospholipase C gamma ; Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*physiology ; *Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*physiology ; Type C Phospholipases/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid9150471,
year = {1997},
author = {Tsuruoka, S and Bushinsky, DA and Schwartz, GJ},
title = {Defective renal calcium reabsorption in genetic hypercalciuric rats.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {51},
number = {5},
pages = {1540-1547},
doi = {10.1038/ki.1997.212},
pmid = {9150471},
issn = {0085-2538},
support = {AM 33949/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; AR 39906/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; DK50603/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Absorption ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Diuretics/pharmacology ; Female ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Male ; Parathyroidectomy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a frequent cause of calcium (Ca) containing kidney stones. We have previously shown that there is increased intestinal Ca absorption in selectively inbred genetic hypercalciuric stone forming (GHS) rats; however, excess Ca excretion persists when the rats are fed a low Ca diet indicating a defect in renal Ca reabsorption and/or increased bone resorption. To determine if GHS rats have a defect in renal Ca reabsorption we performed 14C-inulin clearance studies on parathyroidectomized female GHS and control (Ctl) rats. After three baseline collections, chlorothiazide (CTZ) or furosemide (FUR) was infused and three more collections were obtained. Both GFR and filtered load of Ca did not differ among the groups; however, fractional and absolute excretion (UcaV) of Ca was three times higher in GHS rats. The increased Ca excretion was not diminished by a low Ca diet. Urine flow rate nearly tripled in all rats after either FUR or CTZ. After CTZ, UcaV was decreased to a greater extent in GHS compared to Ctl rats. After FUR, UcaV was increased to a greater extent in Ctl rats compared to GHS rats. These data indicate that GHS rats have a defect in renal Ca reabsorption, in addition to increased intestinal Ca absorption. The effect of CTZ was greater, and that of FUR was smaller, in GHS compared with Ctl rats, suggesting that the defect in renal Ca handling might be at the level of the thick ascending limb.},
}
@article {pmid9133675,
year = {1997},
author = {Howells, GL and Macey, MG and Chinni, C and Hou, L and Fox, MT and Harriott, P and Stone, SR},
title = {Proteinase-activated receptor-2: expression by human neutrophils.},
journal = {Journal of cell science},
volume = {110 (Pt 7)},
number = {},
pages = {881-887},
doi = {10.1242/jcs.110.7.881},
pmid = {9133675},
issn = {0021-9533},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Macrophage-1 Antigen/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophil Activation/drug effects ; Neutrophils/*metabolism/physiology ; Receptor, PAR-2 ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*metabolism/physiology ; Trypsin/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Neutrophils were shown to express the proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), a seven transmembrane domain receptor, which is activated by cleavage by trypsin. Granulocytes from 14 donors stained positively for PAR-2 with affinity-purified rabbit antibodies raised against a peptide corresponding to the trypsin cleavage site of human PAR-2. Neutrophil activation in response to a receptor activating peptide (RAP) varied between donors. RAP (Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Lys-Val-NH2) alone induced an increase in the forward and side light scatter after 5-10 minutes and a small increase in the expression of the activation molecule CD11b. The increased expression of CD11b induced by RAP was markedly enhanced by priming the neutrophils with a low concentration (1 nM) of formyl-Leu-Met-Phe. Trypsin and RAP also induced an increase in intracellular calcium, but there were large variations in the magnitude of responses between donors also in this assay. The effects of RAP in the different assays were specific; acetylated RAP was completely without activity.},
}
@article {pmid9088066,
year = {1997},
author = {Akerström, G},
title = {Non-familial primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Seminars in surgical oncology},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {104-113},
doi = {10.1002/(sici)1098-2388(199703/04)13:2&lt;104::aid-ssu6&gt;3.0.co;2-d},
pmid = {9088066},
issn = {8756-0437},
mesh = {Bone Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism/complications/etiology/genetics/pathology/surgery ; Kidney Diseases/etiology ; Mental Disorders/etiology ; Neuromuscular Diseases/etiology ; },
abstract = {During recent decades, primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) has appeared as one of the more common endocrine disorders. Previously, the disease was the obvious cause of severe, symptomatic bone disease, recurrent renal stones, and sometimes devastating muscular weakness. The condition often progressed rapidly and ultimately ended in renal insufficiency. Today, pHPT is frequently recognized in patients with less obvious symptoms and markedly slower disease progression. However, if thoroughly examined, many of these patients will also present typical symptoms and complications of the disease. Surgery in pHPT has also developed as a highly efficient procedure with low failure rate and few complications. Further, successful operation is likely to decrease the risk of developing long-term disturbances of calcium metabolism and recently recognized cardiovascular complications of the disease. However, in a group of generally elderly patients with especially mild hypercalcemia and no obvious symptoms, disease progression may be slow, and it is possible that some of these patients can be followed safely without surgery. These patients also constitute a majority of cases detected in population surveys. Pathophysiological studies of pHPT have revealed more or less disturbed secretory regulation as a characteristic feature of pathological parathyroid glands, and this accounts principally for the patients' hypercalcemia. This abnormality has been related to decreased expression or capacity of parathyroid cell surface receptors executing a crucial calcium-sensing function. Recent progress has also led to the identification of causes of a growth regulatory disturbance in pathological parathyroid glands. Exploration of molecular mechanisms behind these abnormalities are likely to further unveil disease characteristics and help explain differences in clinical symptoms and disease progression among the patients with pHPT.},
}
@article {pmid9067914,
year = {1997},
author = {Dumoulin, G and Hory, B and Nguyen, NU and Henriet, MT and Bresson, C and Bittard, H and Saint-Hillier, Y and Regnard, J},
title = {Lack of increased urinary calcium-oxalate supersaturation in long-term kidney transplant recipients.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {51},
number = {3},
pages = {804-810},
doi = {10.1038/ki.1997.113},
pmid = {9067914},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Calcium Phosphates/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Kidney Transplantation/*adverse effects/*physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis is uncommon after kidney transplantation. However, calcium (Ca) supplementation, which has been proposed as a treatment of post-transplant osteopenia, might increase calciuria and bolster Ca stone formation. Therefore, in 24-hour urine of 82 normocalcemic long-term renal transplant recipients (RT) and in 82 healthy subjects (HS), we assessed some Ca nephrolithiasis risk factors and the Ca-salt saturation estimated by the ion-activity product index (AP) and relative supersaturation (RS). In RT, calciuria was lower (mean +/- SD, 3.20 +/- 2.25 vs. 4.61 +/- 1.71 mmol/day; P < 0.001), urinary volume higher (2.41 +/- 0.83 vs. 1.39 +/- 0.53 liter/day; P < 0.001), oxaluria higher (419 +/- 191 vs. 311 +/- 79 mumol/day; P < 0.001) and citraturia lower (1.40 +/- 1.36 vs. 3.77 +/- 1.36 mmol/day; P < 0.001) than in HS. As a result, Ca-oxalate supersaturation was lower in RT than HS (AP, 1.07 +/- 0.69 vs. 2.07 +/- 1.13, P < 0.001; and RS, 0.62 +/- 0.26 vs. 0.94 +/- 0.21, P < 0.001), and was similar in subgroups of RT (N = 37) and HS (N = 37) matched for urinary volume, demonstrating that even without any larger urinary volume, Ca-oxalate saturation was not higher in RT than HS, and suggesting that opposite changes in Ca and oxalate in RT likely canceled their effects on lithogenic risk. In RT which had similar urinary pH and phosphate (P) than HS, Ca-P supersaturation was lower than in HS for brushite (AP, 3.25 +/- 6.67 vs. 6.01 +/- 4.85, P < 0.001; RS, -0.33 +/- 0.76 vs. 0.48 +/- 0.53, P < 0.001) and octacalcium phosphate (RS, -0.95 +/- 0.72 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.85, P < 0.001), and similar for apatite. Finally, fasting calciuria and calciuric response to a single oral Ca load were similar in RT (N = 19) and HS (N = 8). Together, these results argue strongly against a higher risk of Ca stone formation in RT than HS, even in case of Ca supplementation.},
}
@article {pmid9048785,
year = {1997},
author = {Alpern, RJ and Sakhaee, K},
title = {Does hyperphosphaturia underlie hypercalciuria?.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {349},
number = {9051},
pages = {518-519},
doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(97)80080-3},
pmid = {9048785},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Calcitriol/biosynthesis ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypophosphatemia/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/metabolism ; Phosphates/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid9157806,
year = {1997},
author = {Escribano Subias, J and Vicente Rodríguez, M and Feliu Rovira, A and Balaguer Santamaría, A and Colomer Kammüller, L and Castejón Sanz, E},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria: clinical manifestation, outcome and risk for urolithiasis in children].},
journal = {Anales espanoles de pediatria},
volume = {46},
number = {2},
pages = {161-166},
pmid = {9157806},
issn = {0302-4342},
mesh = {Abdominal Pain/etiology ; Adolescent ; Back Pain/etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hematuria/etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Polyuria/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Calculi/complications/*diagnosis ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestations, outcome and risk factors for urolithiasis of untreated idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in children.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a 5 year period, all children with hematuria, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUS), or abdominal pain who were observed to have IH (urinary calcium > 4 mg/kg/day) were included in the study. The relationship between some variables (age, gender, hypercalciuria subtype, and clinical features) and urolithisis was analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: We studied 76 children with IH (9 with renal IH, 49 with absorptive IH and 18 with undetermined IH). Hematuria (46%), LUS (27.6%), lumbar pain (22%) and abdominal pain (15.7%) were the most common initial symptoms. We found a significant difference between age and clinical presentation. LUS were found more frequently in young children (46.4%) and flank pain in older patients (47.8%). Hematuria was age dependent. Eighteen (23%) patients developed urolithiasis. These 18 patients tended to be older (9.3 vs 6 years) than the other 58 children. Age at diagnosis presented a linear relationship with the development of urolithiasis (p < 0.001). Significant relative risk for urolithiasis (4.3) was found in those children who initially presented with lumbar pain. In all other parameters measured (calciuria, uricosuria, oxaluria, citraturia) and clinical characteristics analyzed, there were no statistically significant differences between those with and without stones.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: An age-dependent clinical pattern can be established for children with hypercalciuria. Significant risk for urolithiasis accompanies those children who are diagnosed later (> 9 years) and who initially present with lumbar pain.},
}
@article {pmid9048857,
year = {1997},
author = {Low, RK and Stoller, ML},
title = {Uric acid-related nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The Urologic clinics of North America},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {135-148},
doi = {10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70359-1},
pmid = {9048857},
issn = {0094-0143},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/diagnosis/*etiology/therapy ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Abnormalities in uric acid metabolism are associated with uric acid and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Clinical stone formation depends on multiple identifiable risk factors that affect uric acid and calcium oxalate solubility. The understanding of urinary pH is critical to direct appropriate treatment of uric acid-related nephrolithiasis. Understanding uric acid metabolism and the pathophysiology of uric acid and calcium oxalate stone formation leads to a rational treatment approach to uric acid and hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid9567354,
year = {1997},
author = {Weisinger, JR and Alonzo, E and Machado, C and Carlini, R and Martinis, R and Paz-Martínez, V and Bellorín-Font, E},
title = {[Role of bones in the physiopathology of idiopathic hypercalciuria: effect of amino-bisphosphonate alendronate].},
journal = {Medicina},
volume = {57 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {45-48},
pmid = {9567354},
issn = {0025-7680},
mesh = {Alendronate/*therapeutic use ; Bone Density/*physiology ; *Bone Resorption ; Bone and Bones/metabolism/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Cytokines/physiology ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/metabolism/*urine ; Urinary Calculi/complications ; },
abstract = {Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that bone mineral content is affected in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and that there is a correlation between bone mineral loss and in-vitro cytokine production. At the same time we found that short term treatment with alendronate decreased urinary calcium in these subjects. In the present study we have examined the long-term effects of alendronate treatment (10 mg/day for one year) on urinary calcium, urinary hydroxyproline and bone mineral content in 18 idiopathic hypercalciuric and 8 normocalciuric stone formers. Clinical characteristics, as well as gender and age distribution were similar in both groups. Urinary calcium and hydroxyproline, were measured monthly. Calcium excretion decreased significantly at the end of the first month, and remained lower thereafter (277 +/- 28, before vs. 202 +/- 26 mg/g creatinine, after 12 months on alendronate, p < 0.01). Urinary hydroxyproline decreased significantly during the study (125.5 +/- 32.1 vs. 39.66 +/- 17.5 mg/g creatinine, p < 0.05). Serum calcium, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary sodium, did not change during the study. Lumbar spine bone density (trabecular bone) obtained with X ray absorptiometry revealed a significant increase from 1.162 +/- 0.231 to 1.197 +/- 0.248 g/cm2 (p < 0.01). These changes were associated with a significant decrease in IL-1 alpha mRNA transcription by unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide stimulated blood mononuclear cells, as tested by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. No changes were observed in bone cortical sites (femoral neck). Normocalciuric subjects showed no significant changes in urinary calcium. In summary, the changes observed in urinary calcium excretion and different bone metabolic parameters, suggest a role of bone in the pathophysiology of idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid9443652,
year = {1997},
author = {Schwille, PO and Herrmann, U and Schmiedl, A and Kissler, H and Wipplinger, J and Manoharan, M},
title = {Urinary phosphate excretion in the pathophysiology of idiopathic recurrent calcium urolithiasis: hormonal interactions and lipid metabolism.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {417-426},
pmid = {9443652},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Calcium/*chemistry ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fasting ; Hormones/*blood ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Lipids/*blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/*urine ; Postprandial Period ; Recurrence ; Urinary Calculi/*blood/chemistry/*urine ; },
abstract = {Previous work in younger males with recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis (RCU) demonstrated inappropriately high postprandial phosphaturia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, but normal glycemia. To investigate further whether these abnormalities occur also in RCU patients with a mean age corresponding to the life period with peak formation of calcium-containing stones, two trials were carried out in 155 males of comparable age and body mass index. All participants underwent a standardized laboratory examination, including collection of urine and blood before and following a test meal rich in carbohydrate and calcium but low in phosphorus. In trial 1, comprising control subjects (n = 12, mean age 42 years) and RCU patients (n = 24, mean age 41 years), phosphate (Pi) excretion and fractional Pi excretion in postprandial urine of controls did not change compared with the values in fasting urine, but were significantly increased in RCU, despite the fact that there was almost equal suppression of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and increase in serum calcitonin. Postprandially, RCU patients were hyperinsulinemic but still normoglycemic versus controls. In trial 2, carried out in unclassified (in terms of calciuria) RCU patients (n = 119, mean age 40 years) only, the post-load Pi-uria was similar in magnitude to Pi-uria of RCU patients in trial 1; increased postprandial Pi-uria was a phenomenon also of normocalciuria but was slightly more pronounced in hypercalciuria, while changes in calcium phosphate (brushite) and calcium oxalate supersaturation of urine were unrelated to calciuria. In RCU patients, but not controls, there was a tendency toward higher urinary glucose in post-load as compared with fasting urine. When urinary Pi and fractional Pi excretion in trial 2 were considered as dependent variables in multivariate regression analysis, they appeared unrelated to age, but positively associated with postprandial glycemia as the best predictor, followed by insulinemia, insulin resistance, to a lesser degree fasting serum PTH and the metabolic activity of stone disease, negatively associated with blood total lipids and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol. It was concluded that RCU males (1) show low Pi-uria during fasting but impaired renal Pi conservation in response to a mixed meal, a situation carrying the risk of Pi deficiency over the long term; (2) represent a population developing hyperPi-uria despite suppressed PTH; (3) exhibit insulin resistance but are still able to maintain normoglycemia at the expense of hyperinsulinemia. It is suggested that calcium-containing renal stones are related to impaired Pi and glucose translocation across cell membranes, and that the role of lipids in this setting deserves further investigation.},
}
@article {pmid9413756,
year = {1997},
author = {Kuczera, M and Wiecek, A and Kokot, F},
title = {Markers of bone turnover in patients with nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {523-528},
pmid = {9413756},
issn = {0301-1623},
mesh = {Adult ; Biomarkers/blood ; Bone Resorption/metabolism ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/blood/*physiopathology ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood/metabolism ; Prognosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urine/chemistry ; },
abstract = {A total of 19 patients with active nephrolithiasis, 14 patients with non-active nephrolithiasis and 17 healthy subjects were examined under standardized intake of calcium, phosphorus, purine and protein. In patients with both active and non-active renal stone disease the following abnormalities were found: elevated plasma levels of PTH and osteocalcin, increased activity of the bone isozyme of alkaline phosphatase, low plasma levels of phosphate and increased urinary excretion of calcium and oxalic acid. These abnormalities were more marked in patients with active than non-active nephrolithiasis. No correlation was found between plasma PTH levels and parameters of bone turnover as well as calciuria and oxaluria. Results presented in this paper suggest that (a) Smith's criteria of active renal stone disease are of minor pathogenetic and therapeutic value and (b) patients with active nephrolithiasis differ from non-active renal stone formers by more elevated oxaluria and markers of bone turnover and more marked abnormalities in calcium-phosphate metabolism related parameters.},
}
@article {pmid9399064,
year = {1997},
author = {Gambaro, G and Marchini, F and Budakovic, A and Checchetto, S and Baggio, B},
title = {Genetic approach to the study of cellular ion transport anomalies in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Contributions to nephrology},
volume = {122},
number = {},
pages = {189-192},
doi = {10.1159/000059899},
pmid = {9399064},
issn = {0302-5144},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/chemistry ; Diet ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Fatty Acid Desaturases/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Humans ; *Ion Transport/genetics ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/metabolism ; Linoleoyl-CoA Desaturase ; Membrane Lipids/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; },
}
@article {pmid9231379,
year = {1997},
author = {Graveland, J and Berends, AE},
title = {Timing of the calcium intake and effect of calcium deficiency on behaviour and egg laying in captive great tits, Parus major.},
journal = {Physiological zoology},
volume = {70},
number = {1},
pages = {74-84},
doi = {10.1086/639547},
pmid = {9231379},
issn = {0031-935X},
mesh = {Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology ; Birds/metabolism/*physiology ; Bone and Bones/chemistry/physiology ; Calcium/analysis/*deficiency/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology ; Eating/physiology ; Egg Shell/chemistry/metabolism/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Oviposition/drug effects/*physiology ; Snails ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {The calcium demand of egg-laying birds is much higher than in other vertebrates during reproduction. We showed elsewhere that a low level of calcium availability can greatly affect the eggshell quality and reproduction of free-living passerines. However, there are few data on calcium demand and calcium intake in relation to egg laying and behaviour and egg-laying performance under conditions of calcium shortage in nondomesticated birds. We examined these aspects in an experiment with captive great tits, Parus major, on a diet deficient in calcium, with or without snail shells as an additional calcium source. More than 90% of the calcium intake for egg production took place during the egg-laying period. Females ingested about 1.7 times as much calcium as they deposited in eggshells. Removing the snail shells after the first egg resulted in eggshell defects and interruptions of laying after 1-3 d. Females without snail shells doubled their searching effort and started to burrow in the soil and to eat sand, small stones, and their own eggs. Most calcium was consumed in the evening, probably to supplement the calcium available from the medullary bone with an additional calcium source in the gut during eggshell formation. The results demonstrated that eggshell formation requires accurate timing of the calcium intake and that obtaining sufficient calcium is time-consuming, even in calcium-rich environments. These factors pertaining to calcium intake greatly affect the ability of birds to collect sufficient calcium for eggshell formation in calcium-poor areas.},
}
@article {pmid9228725,
year = {1997},
author = {Tiselius, HG},
title = {Risk formulas in calcium oxalate urolithiasis.},
journal = {World journal of urology},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {176-185},
pmid = {9228725},
issn = {0724-4983},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Citric Acid/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Probability ; *Risk Assessment ; Urinary Calculi/*epidemiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In order to reflect the risk of calcium stone formation, risk formulas have been described in the literature with the objective of being able to predict the further course of the stone disease. Some of these formulas are reviewed in this paper. Various results were obtained when different risk expressions were related to the severity of the stone disease. Although a reliable prediction of the future course of the disease most certainly cannot be made by analysis of the variables included in these expressions, several of the risk formulas differed significantly between patients with and without recurrent stone formation during a reasonable follow-up period. Some risk formulas might thus be helpful, at least to some extent, in selecting those patients in whom continuous stone formation can be anticipated and in whom active therapeutic measures should be beneficial and worthwhile. With an increased understanding of the mechanisms of calcium oxalate stone formation and our possibilities of measuring the relevant risk factors, it is likely that improved risk formulas with an increased predictive power can be developed. Until this becomes a reality, in most cases we have to combine important information on the history and clinical observations of the disease with a risk formula that offers a high degree of discrimination with respect to the risk of further stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid9050237,
year = {1997},
author = {Hebert, SC and Brown, EM and Harris, HW},
title = {Role of the Ca(2+)-sensing receptor in divalent mineral ion homeostasis.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental biology},
volume = {200},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {295-302},
doi = {10.1242/jeb.200.2.295},
pmid = {9050237},
issn = {0022-0949},
support = {DK48330/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Body Water/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cations, Divalent/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Diabetes Insipidus/metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Homeostasis/*physiology ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications/genetics ; Loop of Henle/metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Organ Specificity ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Receptors, Calcium-Sensing ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/*physiology ; Water-Electrolyte Balance/physiology ; },
abstract = {The divalent mineral cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ play many and diverse roles both in the function of cells and in extracellular processes. The metabolism of these cations is a complex process involving the coordinated function of several organ systems and endocrine glands. A recently cloned G-protein-coupled receptor responds to extracellular calcium concentration (Ca2+0-sensing receptor, CaSR) and mediates several of the known effects of Ca2+0 on parathyroid and renal function. The CaSR, which is also expressed in a number of other tissues including thyroidal C-cells, brain and gastrointestinal tract, may function as a Ca2+0 sensor in these tissues as well. Thus, Ca2+0 is a first messenger (or hormone) which, via CaSR-mediated activation of second messenger systems (e.g. phospholipases C and A2, cyclic AMP) leads to altered function of these cells. Several mutations in the human CaSR gene have been identified and shown to cause three inherited diseases of calcium homeostasis, clearly implicating the CaSR as an important component of the homeostatic mechanism for divalent mineral ions. Ca2+ and Mg2+ losses from the body are regulated by altering the urinary excretion of these divalent cations. The localization of the CaSR transcripts and protein in the kidney not only provides a basis for a direct Ca2+0 (or Mg2+0)-mediated regulation of Ca2+ (and Mg2+) excretion but also suggests a functional link between divalent mineral and water metabolism. In the kidney, the thick ascending limb of Henle (TAL) plays crucial roles in regulating both divalent mineral reabsorption and urine concentration. Recent studies have suggested models whereby extracellular Ca2+, via the CaSR expressed in the TAL as well as in the collecting duct system, modulates both Ca2+ 0 and Mg2+ 0 as well as water reabsorbtion. When taken together, these studies suggest that the CaSR not only provides the primary mechanism for Ca2+ 0-mediated regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion from parathyroid glands but also for direct modulation of renal divalent mineral excretion and urinary concentrating ability. These latter functions may furnish a mechanism for integrating and balancing water and divalent cation losses that minimizes the risk of urinary tract stone formation. This mechanism can explain hypercalcemia-mediated polyuria (diabetes insipidus).},
}
@article {pmid9043487,
year = {1997},
author = {Langley, SE and Fry, CH},
title = {The influence of pH on urinary ionized [Ca2+]: differences between urinary tract stone formers and normal subjects.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {79},
number = {1},
pages = {8-14},
doi = {10.1046/j.1464-410x.1997.02742.x},
pmid = {9043487},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Binding Sites ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chemical Precipitation ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of pH in determining the solubility of Ca2+ in urine from normal subjects and stone formers and to determine the conditions which cause the formation of crystalline products.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urine, collected from normal subjects and urinary tract stone-formers, was used in vitro. The concentration of ionized calcium, [Ca2+], and pH were measured with ion-selective electrodes and the formation of crystalline products measured as the change in turbidity of the specimen. The composition of the crystalline products was analysed by infrared spectroscopy.<br><br>RESULTS: The [Ca2+] decreased with increasing pH and showed a biphasic relationship with a critical pH (pHn) at which Ca-containing precipitates appeared. Compared with normal subjects, the mean (SD) value of pHn was significantly lower in urine from stone-formers, at 7.67 (0.62) and 7.21 (0.54), respectively, and nearer to their voided pH of 5.92 (0.70) and 6.26 (0.71), respectively. The lower pHn in stone-formers could not be explained by altered concentrations or binding properties of Ca(2+)-binding ligands. pHn increased after diluting the urine and the value of pHn was strongly dependent on the [Ca2+] at a standardized pH.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Crystalline precipitates appear in urine at a critical pH which is closer to the voided pH in stone-formers than in normal subjects and might explain the greater propensity of this group to form stones. The value of pHn is critically dependent on the urinary [Ca2+] and manoeuvres which reduced its concentration would reduce the tendency to form stones.},
}
@article {pmid8940086,
year = {1996},
author = {Xie, XS},
title = {Reconstitution of ATPase activity from individual subunits of the clathrin-coated vesicle proton pump. The requirement and effect of three small subunits.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {271},
number = {48},
pages = {30980-30985},
pmid = {8940086},
issn = {0021-9258},
support = {DK-33627/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cattle ; Clathrin ; Coated Vesicles/*enzymology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Macromolecular Substances ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/*chemistry ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; *Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases ; },
abstract = {The vacuolar-type proton pump of clathrin-coated vesicles is composed of two general domains, a peripheral, catalytic sector (VC) and a transmembranous proton channel (VB). In its native form, the enzyme can hydrolyze both MgATP and CaATP, whereas VC, when separated from VB, loses its MgATPase activity and switches to a state that can hydrolyze only CaATP. Further dissociation of VC results in subcomplexes that are depleted of one or more subunits and lack ATPase activity altogether. Reconstitution of recombinant subunits to these biochemically prepared subcomplexes has demonstrated the necessity of polypeptides of 70, 58, 40, and 33 kDa (subunits A, B, C, and E, respectively) for CaATPase activity of the VC complex. The current studies demonstrate that mixtures of these four recombinant subunits cannot support CaATPase activity in the absence of a biochemically prepared subcomplex. Investigation of the other components required for ATPase activity has led to the identification of three additional polypeptides present in preparations of VC, with apparent molecular masses of 15, 14, and 10 kDa. Each of these proteins was found to activate ATPase activity of mixtures of subunits A, B, C, and E. In addition, ATPase reconstituted from these individual subunits hydrolyses ATP, not only in the presence of Ca2+ but also in the presence of Mg2+. Investigation of the individual properties of these three subunits revealed that the 10-kDa polypeptide is subunit F, as determined by immunoblot analysis. This subunit had no effect on MgATPase activity of VC but stimulated CaATPase activity 6-fold in the presence of subunit D. Under optimal conditions the 14-kDa component resulted in a 10-fold stimulation and the 15-kDa component a 20-fold stimulation of MgATPase activity; based on this observation, the 14- and 15-kDa polypeptides were named subunits G and H, respectively. In addition, proton pumping activity was reconstituted through the reassembly of subunits A-H with VB and SFD, a previously described pump component composed of polypeptides of 50 and 57 kDa (Xie, X.-S, Crider, B.P., Ma, Y. M., and Stone, D. K. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 25809-25815). Together, these experiments completely define the catalytic center of the vacuolar proton pump of clathrin-coated vesicles.},
}
@article {pmid8942630,
year = {1996},
author = {Mustafi, D and Nakagawa, Y},
title = {Characterization of Ca(2+)-binding sites in the kidney stone inhibitor glycoprotein nephrocalcin using vanadyl ions: different metal binding properties in strong and weak inhibitor proteins revealed by EPR and ENDOR.},
journal = {Biochemistry},
volume = {35},
number = {47},
pages = {14703-14709},
doi = {10.1021/bi961200j},
pmid = {8942630},
issn = {0006-2960},
mesh = {Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Cattle ; Circular Dichroism ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Glycoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Ions ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry ; Metals/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Vanadates/chemistry/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Nephrocalcin (NC), a calcium-binding glycoprotein of 14,000 molecular weight as a monomer, is known to inhibit the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals in renal tubules. We have isolated NC from bovine kidney tissue and purified into four isoforms, fractions A-D. NC-A and NC-B strongly inhibit the growth of COM crystals, and NC-C and NC-D inhibit crystal growth weakly. The strongly inhibitor proteins are abundant in normal subjects, whereas stone formers excrete less of NC-A and NC-B and more of NC-C and NC-D. NC-C was characterized with respect to its metal binding sites by using vanadyl ion (VO2+) as a paramagnetic probe in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopic studies. We demonstrated that VO2+ binds to NC-C with a stoichiometry of metal:protein binding of 4:1 and that VO2+ competes with Ca2+ in binding to NC-C. In NC-C, the metal ion is exposed to solvent water molecules and two water molecules are detected in the inner coordination sphere of the metal ion by ENDOR. In the metal binding environment of NC-A, as reported previously (Mustafi, D., &amp; Nakagawa, Y. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 11323-11327), inner sphere coordinated water is completely excluded. Based on the results of the metal binding properties in both strong and weak inhibitor proteins, a probable mechanism of inhibition of COM crystal growth by NC has been outlined.},
}
@article {pmid8944605,
year = {1996},
author = {Williams, CP and Child, DF and Hudson, PR and Soysa, LD and Davies, GK and Davies, MG and De Bolla, AR},
title = {Inappropriate phosphate excretion in idiopathic hypercalciuria: the key to a common cause and future treatment?.},
journal = {Journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {49},
number = {11},
pages = {881-888},
pmid = {8944605},
issn = {0021-9746},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/urine ; Ergocalciferols/blood ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Regression Analysis ; Serum Albumin/analysis ; },
abstract = {AIMS: To present experimental evidence in support of a proposed common cause for absorptive hypercalciuria, renal hypercalciuria, renal phosphate leak and enhancement of 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations in patients presenting with renal stone disease; and to suggest further investigation with a view to new management.<br><br>METHODS: An oral calcium loading test was administered to 15 patients with renal stones and 10 normal controls in the fasting state: urine and blood were collected hourly. After the second urine sample, 400 mg calcium dissolved in water was administered orally. Serum calcium, albumin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and phosphate were measured together with urine calcium clearance and urinary phosphate from which the TmPO4/glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ratio was calculated. Serum 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D was measured in the first serum sample. In addition, 24 hour urine calcium results were collected retrospectively from the patients' case notes over the previous 18 months.<br><br>RESULTS: In the basal state, renal stone patients had an overall greater phosphaturia (lower TmPO4/GFR: median 1.72 compared with 2.10 in controls) and increased calcium clearance. Serum corrected calcium and PTH concentrations did not differ between the groups. After calcium loading, serum calcium and urine calcium clearance rose in both groups, with patients with renal stones experiencing a greater percentage fall in phosphaturia. In both groups TmPO4/GFR fell (greater phosphaturia) with increased serum corrected calcium, with the patients showing notably greater phosphaturia for any given calcium concentration. Patients also had notably greater phosphaturia compared with the serum calcium concentration for any given PTH value. Serum 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D was higher in patients than controls and for any 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D concentration phosphaturia measured against serum calcium was greater in patients than controls. 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D did not correlate with phosphaturia relative to serum calcium concentrations within the patient and control groups.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: It is proposed that patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria have an "inappropriately' high phosphate excretion for any given serum calcium concentration. Loss of phosphate may induce increased activation of 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D. Some of the commonly described causes of stone formation may be manifestations of a single mechanism.},
}
@article {pmid8837543,
year = {1996},
author = {Murray, TM},
title = {Prevention and management of osteoporosis: consensus statements from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 4. Calcium nutrition and osteoporosis.},
journal = {CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne},
volume = {155},
number = {7},
pages = {935-939},
pmid = {8837543},
issn = {0820-3946},
mesh = {Aged ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism ; Canada ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Nutritional Requirements ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Societies, Medical ; Vitamin D/administration &amp; dosage ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To recommend appropriate levels of calcium intake in light of the most recent studies.<br><br>OPTIONS: Dietary calcium intake, calcium supplementation, calcium and vitamin D supplementation; ovarian hormone therapy in postmenopausal women.<br><br>OUTCOMES: Fracture and loss of bone mineral density in osteoporosis; increased bone mass, prevention of fractures and improved quality of life associated with osteoporosis prevention.<br><br>EVIDENCE: Relevant clinical studies and reports were examined, in particular those published since the 1988 Osteoporosis Society of Canada position paper on calcium nutrition. Only studies in humans were considered, including controlled, randomized trials and prospective studies, using bone mass and fractures as end-points. Studies in early and later phases of skeletal growth were noted. The analysis was designed to eliminate menopause as a confounding variable.<br><br>VALUES: Preventing osteoporosis and maximizing quality of life were given a high value.<br><br>BENEFITS, HARMS AND COSTS: Adequate calcium nutrition increases bone mineral density during skeletal growth and prevents bone loss and osteoporotic fractures in the elderly. Risks associated with high dietary calcium intake are low, and a recent study extends this conclusion to the risk of kidney stones. Lactase-deficient patients may substitute yogurt and lactase-treated milk for cow's milk. True milk allergy is probably rare; its promotion of diabetes mellitus in susceptible people is being studied.<br><br>RECOMMENDATIONS: Current recommended intakes of calcium are too low. Revised intake guidelines designed to reduce bone loss and protect against osteoporotic fractures are suggested. Canadians should attempt to meet their calcium requirements principally through food sources. Pharmaceutical calcium supplements and a dietician's advice should be considered where dietary preferences or lactase deficiency restrict consumption of dairy foods. Further research is necessary before recommending the general use of calcium supplements by adolescents. Calcium supplementation cannot substitute for hormone therapy in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss and fractures. Adequate amounts of vitamin D are necessary for optimal calcium absorption and bone health. Elderly people and those who use heavy sun screens should have a dietary intake of 400 to 800 IU of vitamin D per day.},
}
@article {pmid8999631,
year = {1996},
author = {Bichler, KH and Strohmaier, WL and Mittermüller, B},
title = {[Studies of calcium metabolism in patients with hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {408-412},
doi = {10.1007/s001200050042},
pmid = {8999631},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Density/physiology ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/diagnosis/*etiology/urine ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/diagnosis/urine ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*etiology/urine ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteocalcin/blood ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; },
abstract = {The different subgroups of hypercalciuria cannot be separated clearly by the Pak calcium-load test. To improve the diagnosis and therapy we examined all relevant parameters of calcium metabolism in 32 patients with calcium urolithiasis and hypercalciuria (> 6.25 mmol/day). We also conducted bone mineral density measurements as well as the Pak calcium-load test. In most cases the pathophysiological constellations which Pak takes as the basis for his classification of hypercalciuria could not be shown. To date, diagnostics only insufficiently explains the genesis of hypercalciuria (except pHPT). As a consequence, a therapeutic problem arises: a low-calcium diet should not be generally recommended, since some patients may develop osteopenia. From our investigation the following diagnostic and therapeutic conclusions can be drawn: (1) Hypercalciuria in primary hyperparathyroidism should be treated by surgical removal of the adenoma. (2) The parathormone-independent osteogenic form should be treated with thiazides. (3) Hypercalciuria with increased 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D should be treated by low-calcium diet.},
}
@article {pmid8893387,
year = {1996},
author = {Rizzato, G and Colombo, P},
title = {Nephrolithiasis as a presenting feature of chronic sarcoidosis: a prospective study.},
journal = {Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {167-172},
pmid = {8893387},
issn = {1124-0490},
mesh = {Adult ; Biopsy ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/diagnosis/metabolism/therapy ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Sarcoidosis/*complications/diagnosis/therapy ; },
abstract = {The presentation of sarcoidosis with renal stones has never been evaluated in a prospective study.<br><br>DESIGN: We have studied 110 consecutive patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis, first seen in the years 1993-1994 in the Milan Sarcoid Clinic. Those who had renal stones preceding or suggesting the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, and those who had evidence of renal calculi at presentation, were studied up to 31 December 1995 with serial evaluation of calcaemia, calciuria and serum 1,25 (OH)2D3 and are the basis of this report.<br><br>RESULTS: Four patients had had calculi a long time ago and probably unrelated to their sarcoidosis. Three patients had a previous history of recurrent colic with calculi. In one further patient the occurrence of calculi suggested the diagnosis. In three other patients pyuria or microscopic haematuria at the presentation of pulmonary sarcoidosis led to the diagnosis of asymptomatic calculi. All the above seven patients had features of chronic disease and required long term corticosteroid therapy. Four of them required lithotripsy or pyelotomy before starting steroid therapy. Another had further calculi during the follow-up, and an episode of hydronephrosis requiring lithotripsy, due to poor compliance to corticosteroid therapy. Another patient had a single stone during follow-up in spite of proper therapy. In all the others prednisone was useful to control the disease. Summing up the results of a previous similar but retrospective study from our clinic, we can describe the full spectrum of nephrolithiasis at presentation of sarcoidosis, as it appears from the examination of 729 consecutive patients seen over 17 years (1978-1994), with a further follow-up of at least one year (see Conclusions).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: 1. Renal stones may be the presentation of sarcoidosis in 3.6% of cases, but the etiology may go unrecognized for many years in most of them. 2. There are asymptomatic renal stones at presentation in a further 2.7%: pyuria or microscopic haematuria may suggest such an occurrence. 3. Renal calculi appear to be a marker of chronicity, with long term corticosteroid therapy required in most cases. 4. A diagnosis of sarcoidosis should always be considered when patients present with renal calculi of unknown origin.},
}
@article {pmid8884695,
year = {1996},
author = {Nilsson, B and Delbro, D and Friman, S and Thune, A and Svanvik, J},
title = {Sympathetic and VIP-ergic control of calcium and bicarbonate transport in the feline gall bladder mucosa in vivo.},
journal = {Journal of the autonomic nervous system},
volume = {60},
number = {1-2},
pages = {49-55},
doi = {10.1016/0165-1838(96)00030-6},
pmid = {8884695},
issn = {0165-1838},
mesh = {Animals ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism ; Biological Transport/physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cats ; Female ; Gallbladder/*metabolism ; Male ; Splanchnic Nerves/*physiology ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/*physiology ; },
abstract = {The regulation of calcium ion absorption by the gall bladder mucosa may be important for gall stone formation but this process is poorly understood. In this study performed in anaesthetized cats, the gail bladder lumen was perfused by a buffer equilibrated with 4% CO2 in air. During basal conditions, the pH and the [Ca2+] x [CO3(2-)] ion product decreased in the buffer when passing through the gall bladder lumen. The net absorption of calcium ions and fluid was significantly enhanced by stimulation of the splanchnic nerves. Intravenous infusion of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) increased pH and the [Ca2+] x [CO3(2-)] ion product significantly in the buffer during the passage through the gall bladder lumen. Moreover, the basal fluid absorption was reversed to a net fluid secretion. In view of the presence of noradrenergic and VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the gall bladder wall, and VIP-receptors on the gall bladder epithelial cells, the study suggests the existence of neural control mechanisms influencing the transport of Ca2+ by the gall bladder mucosa. These may be important to reduce potential calcium lithogenicity in the gall bladder lumen.},
}
@article {pmid8983370,
year = {1996},
author = {Suárez Fernández, C and Ruilope Urioste, LM},
title = {[Thiazide diuretics and calcium metabolism: role in renal lithiasis and osteoporosis].},
journal = {Anales de medicina interna (Madrid, Spain : 1984)},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {401-406},
pmid = {8983370},
issn = {0212-7199},
mesh = {*Benzothiadiazines ; Bone Density/*drug effects ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Osteoporosis/*prevention &amp; control ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Thiazidic diuretics are first line drugs for treatment of hypertension, due to their proven capacity to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive subjects, including the elderly. In addition, they are very useful in the treatment of heart failure and volumen overload in liver and renal diseases. On the other hand, diuretics are efficacious to prevent calcium-related renal stone formation with or without accompanying hypercalciuria. Finally, related to their capacity to reduce urinary calcium excretion they prevent postmenopausal and senile bone mass loose, and reduce the incidence of hip fracture with relevant socioeconomic consequences.},
}
@article {pmid8829122,
year = {1996},
author = {Quereda, C and Orte, L and Sabater, J and Navarro-Antolin, J and Villafruela, JJ and Ortuño, J},
title = {Urinary calcium excretion in treated and untreated essential hypertension.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {7},
number = {7},
pages = {1058-1065},
doi = {10.1681/ASN.V771058},
pmid = {8829122},
issn = {1046-6673},
mesh = {Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Aldosterone/blood ; Antihypertensive Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Benzothiadiazines ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Creatinine/blood ; Disease Susceptibility ; Diuretics ; Electrolytes/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/blood/complications/drug therapy/*urine ; Insulin/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/complications ; Prevalence ; Renin/blood ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Urea/blood ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
abstract = {A high prevalence of hypercalciuria has been reported in patients with essential hypertension. Nevertheless, the clinical and therapeutic implications of this finding have scarcely been studied. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of hypercalciuria in an unselected population with essential hypertension and to analyze the relationship between the urinary calcium and the clinical and therapeutic status of these patients. This article presents a prospective study of 112 patients with essential hypertension and 49 healthy normotensive control subjects. Urinary excretion rates of calcium, sodium, chloride, potassium, urinary calcium/creatinine index, the fractional excretion of sodium, potassium and uric acid, the creatinine clearance and serum values of creatinine, urea, uric acid, electrolytes, total proteins, parathormone (intact molecule), plasma renin activity, aldosterone, glucose, and insulin (fasting and after an oral glucose load) were performed in every patient and control subject. Untreated hypertensive patients had a higher prevalence of hypercalciuria (35% had a urinary calcium/creatinine ratio > 0.20 versus 20% of treated hypertensives and 2% of control subjects; P < 0.001). Patients on thiazide or beta-blocker monotherapy had lower urinary excretion rates of calcium and urate than patients on calcium-antagonist monotherapy or untreated patients. Urinary calcium, sodium, and urate correlated positively both in treated and untreated essential hypertension patients. Patients with the higher urinary calcium levels also had higher excretion rates of sodium and urate, higher creatinine clearance rates, and lower serum creatinine and serum uric acid levels. It was concluded that hypercalciuria is a frequent finding of untreated essential hypertension. The association of high urinary calcium levels with high urinary urate excretion rates in the same patient may predispose to development of lithiasis in patients with essential hypertension. Antihypertensive drugs have a variable effect on calciuria-uricosuria, which may constitute an additional criterion in the selection and individualization of therapy. Thiazides and beta-blockers can decrease calciuria and uricosuria and, therefore, the lithogenic risk in these patients.},
}
@article {pmid8760038,
year = {1996},
author = {Krieger, NS and Stathopoulos, VM and Bushinsky, DA},
title = {Increased sensitivity to 1,25(OH)2D3 in bone from genetic hypercalciuric rats.},
journal = {The American journal of physiology},
volume = {271},
number = {1 Pt 1},
pages = {C130-5},
doi = {10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.1.C130},
pmid = {8760038},
issn = {0002-9513},
support = {AR-39906/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; DK-47631/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Bone Resorption ; Bone and Bones/*drug effects/metabolism ; Calcitriol/*pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Culture Techniques ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Male ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics/metabolism ; Skull/drug effects/metabolism ; },
abstract = {As a model of human hypercalciuria, we have selectively inbred genetic hypercalciuric stone-forming (GHS) Sprague-Dawley rats whose mean urine calcium excretion is eight to nine times greater than that of controls. A large component of this excess urine calcium excretion is secondary to increased intestinal calcium absorption, which is not due to an elevation in serum 1,25(OH)2D3, but appears to result from an increased number of intestinal 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors (VDR). When GHS rats are fed a low-calcium diet, the hypercalciuria is only partially decreased and urine calcium excretion exceeds intake, suggesting that an additional mechanism contributing to the hypercalciuria is enhanced bone demineralization. To determine if GHS rat bones are more sensitive to exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3, we cultured calvariae from neonatal (2- to 3-day-old) GHS and control rats with or without 1,25(OH)2D3 or parathyroid hormone (PTH) for 48 h at 37 degrees C. There was significant stimulation of calcium efflux from GHS calvariae at 1 and 10 nM 1,25(OH)2D3, whereas control calvariae showed no significant response to 1,25(OH)2D3 at any concentration tested. In contrast, PTH induced similar bone resorption in control and GHS calvariae. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated a fourfold increase in the level of VDR in GHS calvariae compared with control calvariae, similar to the increased intestinal receptors described previously. There was no comparable change in VDR RNA levels as measured by slot blot analysis, suggesting the altered regulation of the VDR occurs posttranscriptionally. That both bone and intestine display an increased amount of VDR suggests that this may be a systemic disorder in the GHS rat and that enhanced bone resorption may be responsible, in part, for the hypercalciuria in the GHS rat.},
}
@article {pmid8763427,
year = {1996},
author = {Perez, A and Raab, R and Chen, TC and Turner, A and Holick, MF},
title = {Safety and efficacy of oral calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) for the treatment of psoriasis.},
journal = {The British journal of dermatology},
volume = {134},
number = {6},
pages = {1070-1078},
pmid = {8763427},
issn = {0007-0963},
support = {MO1 RR00533-25/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; R01 DK 43690/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Density/drug effects ; Calcitriol/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/blood/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dermatologic Agents/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemically induced ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psoriasis/*drug therapy/pathology ; },
abstract = {Plaque-type psoriasis has been successfully treated with oral calcitriol, but there has been no long-term follow-up on the safety and efficacy of this calciotropic hormone for psoriasis. In a single centre study, patients were enrolled in an open trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral calcitriol for psoriasis. Of the 85 patients who received oral calcitriol, 88.0% had some improvement in their disease; 26.5, 36.2 and 25.3%, had complete, moderate and slight improvement in their disease, respectively. The mean baseline psoriasis area severity index score (PASI) of 18.4 +/- 1.0 was reduced to 9.7 +/- 0.8 and 7.8 +/- 1.3 after 6 and 24 months on oral calcitriol therapy. Serum calcium concentrations and 24 h urinary calcium excretion increased by 3.9% and 148.2%, respectively, but were not outside the normal range. Bone mineral density remained unchanged. The clearance of creatinine decreased by 13.4% from baseline during the first 6 months of treatment, and thereafter, remained unchanged after 3 years of follow up. An evaluation of creatinine, inulin and paraaminohypurate (PAH) clearance was performed in eight patients. After 6 months on oral calcitriol, there was a 22.5% decline in creatinine clearance but no significant changes were observed in either inulin or PAH clearance, suggesting that calcitriol alters creatinine metabolism or secretion but does not affect renal function. Oral calcitriol is effective and safe for the treatment of psoriasis.},
}
@article {pmid8790974,
year = {1996},
author = {Schmiedl, A and Schwille, PO},
title = {Magnesium status in idiopathic calcium urolithiasis--an orientational study in younger males.},
journal = {European journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry : journal of the Forum of European Clinical Chemistry Societies},
volume = {34},
number = {5},
pages = {393-400},
doi = {10.1515/cclm.1996.34.5.393},
pmid = {8790974},
issn = {0939-4974},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Magnesium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Magnesium Deficiency/complications ; Male ; Recurrence ; Urinary Calculi/blood/etiology/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {With the aim of revealing a possible magnesium (Mg) deficiency in the aetiology of idiopathic recurrent calcium urolithiasis we studied the Mg content of red blood cells, serum total, protein-bound, ionised and complexed fractions of Mg, and urinary Mg after an overnight fast. The two study groups comprised 12 male recurrent calcium urolithiasis patients and 12 healthy male controls (mean age 31 and 29 years, respectively). In recurrent calcium urolithiasis, serum albumin and Mg of erythrocytes were significantly decreased, as was serum total and protein-bound Mg, whereas serum ultrafiltrable, ionised and complexed Mg were statistically indistinguishable from values in controls. Urinary Mg (per unit creatinine) in recurrent calcium urolithiasis (mean 0.188 vs 0.209 in controls; p = 0.386) was not statistically different, whereas urinary total protein, glucose, and pH were significantly increased. The renal clearances of Mg and glucose were positively correlated (r = 0.56; p < 0.01), with a steeper slope in recurrent calcium urolithiasis than controls. Further fractionation of serum and urinary Mg into ions and complexes in recurrent calcium urolithiasis subjects with identical creatinine clearance revealed no statistical difference between 1) Mg ions and complexes filtered by renal glomeruli; 2) Mg ions and complexes excreted in urine; 3) fractional Mg excretion. Median urine supersaturation with respect to calcium oxalate was insignificantly lower (1.5 vs 2.2), with respect to hydroxyapatite insignificantly higher (3.3 vs 1.8), than in controls. It is concluded that relatively young recurrent calcium urolithiasis patients exhibit a deficiency of Mg in erythrocytes and serum total Mg, but no alteration of renal Mg handling. Thus, in recurrent calcium urolithiasis, a role of Mg deficiency in urine as a factor initiating stone formation may be ruled out, whereas a possible link between cellular Mg deficiency and the impairment of renal tubular functions involved in reabsorption of glucose and proteins, and in urine acidification, deserves further studies.},
}
@article {pmid8777421,
year = {1996},
author = {Robert, M and Boularan, AM and Guiter, J and Monnier, L},
title = {[Indicators of the risk of calcium oxalate urinary calculi: comparative study of the Parks' and Tiselius' indices, urinary citrate/calciuria ratio, and morning crystalluria].},
journal = {Progres en urologie : journal de l'Association francaise d'urologie et de la Societe francaise d'urologie},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {264-268},
pmid = {8777421},
issn = {1166-7087},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Citrates/*urine ; Citric Acid ; Crystallization ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Calculi/epidemiology/*urine ; },
abstract = {Despite the progress in basic research, the precise assessment of the risk of calcium oxalate urinary stones and the detection of patients at particular risk of recurrent stones are often problematical. A population of 55 renal stone patients and 50 controls served as a basis for various comparative studies of Parks' index, Tiselius' index, the urinary citrate/urinary calcium ratio and the morning calcium oxalate crystalluria. Parks' index and the urinary citrate/urinary calcium ratio were highly discriminant, in contrast with Tiselius' index and crystalluria, which were statistically comparable in the 2 groups. A close correlation was observed for the 3 versions of Tiselius' index, which estimates diuresis, but no particular correlation was detected between crystalluria and the other parameters studied. Parks' index and the urinary citrate/urinary calcium ratio are potentially adapted to the detection and monitoring of renal stone patients at risk of recurrence. On the other hand, the various Tiselius' indices can be essentially used to evaluate urinary calcium oxalate oversaturation and possibly to control treatments interfering with this parameter. The formula simply based on diuresis, and the 24-hour urinary calcium and oxalate excretion (CaO.71.Ox.V-1.2) appears to be sufficient for this purpose. The absence of correlation between crystalluria and the other potential indicators of lithogenic risk raises the problem of their respective validity as well as the possible prevalence in the crystallization process of the powerful inhibitors which are currently unidentified, but probably macromolecular.},
}
@article {pmid8724896,
year = {1996},
author = {Baggio, B and Gambaro, G and Zambon, S and Marchini, F and Bassi, A and Bordin, L and Clari, G and Manzato, E},
title = {Anomalous phospholipid n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {613-620},
doi = {10.1681/ASN.V74613},
pmid = {8724896},
issn = {1046-6673},
mesh = {Adult ; Arachidonic Acid/metabolism ; Biological Transport ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism/urine ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/*metabolism ; Erythrocyte Membrane/*metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Omega-6 ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/*analysis/blood ; Female ; Fish Oils/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/blood/*etiology ; Middle Aged ; Phospholipases A/metabolism ; Phospholipases A2 ; Phospholipids/blood/*chemistry ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Anomalies in the erythrocyte transport of anions and cations have been described in idiopathic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and seem to play a pathogenetic role in this disease. In consideration of the hypothesis that the complex array of ion flux cell abnormalities is an epiphenomenon of an anomaly in the composition of cell membranes, this study investigated cell-membrane lipid composition. In idiopathic calcium oxalate renal stone formers, in which ion transport abnormalities were present, and in healthy control subjects, plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid composition, the erythrocyte oxalate exchange, and Na/K/2Cl cotransport activity were evaluated. Furthermore, in stone formers, the effect of a 30-day fish-oil diet supplementation on plasma lipids, erythrocyte oxalate exchange, oxaluria, and calciuria was investigated. The effect of archidonic acid released by phospholipase A2 on anion-carrier phosphorylation and activity in erythrocytes was evaluated as well. Patients had a lower content of linoleic and higher concentration of archidonic acids in both plasma and erythrocyte membrane phospholipids, and an increased archidonic/linoleic acid ratio. The archidonic acid level correlated with the erythrocyte oxalate exchange and sodium cotransport activity. Fish-oil supplementation lowered calcium and oxalate urine excretion, and normalized the erythrocyte oxalate exchange. Phospholipase A2 increased the erythrocyte anion-carrier protein phosphorylation and the oxalate exchange. This study shows that idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis in the patient group reported here is characterized by a systemic defect in phospholipid archidonic acid levels that might provide an answer to the link between genetic background, dietary habits, and renal lithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid8708970,
year = {1996},
author = {Breuer, MM and Mboya, SA and Moroi, H and Turesky, SS},
title = {Effect of selected beta-blockers on supragingival calculus formation.},
journal = {Journal of periodontology},
volume = {67},
number = {4},
pages = {428-432},
doi = {10.1902/jop.1996.67.4.428},
pmid = {8708970},
issn = {0022-3492},
mesh = {Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dental Calculus/*prevention &amp; control ; Dental Plaque Index ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Oral Hygiene Index ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Root Caries/etiology ; Saliva/chemistry ; Secretory Rate/drug effects ; Single-Blind Method ; },
abstract = {Supragingival plaque and calculus indices, salivary flow rates, pH, ionic and total calcium concentrations, total phosphate concentration, and the number of cervical restorations and caries lesions were measured in 29 subjects using systemic beta-(beta) blockers and in 28 subjects who were not taking any systemic medication. After 8 weeks of normal oral hygiene following an oral prophylaxis, a second comparison of each of the above quantities was made. With the exception of the calculus indices and the incidence of cervical restorations, no significant differences were found for any of the measured quantities between the medicated and non-medicated groups at either examination. The medicated group showed significantly lower mean calculus values than the non-medicated group at both examinations and a higher incidence of cervical restorations at the baseline examination, suggesting that beta-blockers decrease the rate of mineralization in the oral cavity. Since beta-blockers did not appear to alter stimulated salivary pH, flow rate, phosphate, ionic calcium or total calcium concentrations, their effect on the mineralization processes must be attributed to other mechanisms. Two hypotheses appear plausible: changes in salivary mineralization rates caused by either direct physico-chemical effects of the secreted beta-blockers in the saliva, or by alterations in the salivary protein/glycoprotein composition, enzymes and oral bacterial flora owing to systemic pharmacological effects of beta-blockers.},
}
@article {pmid8620732,
year = {1996},
author = {Sharma, OP},
title = {Vitamin D, calcium, and sarcoidosis.},
journal = {Chest},
volume = {109},
number = {2},
pages = {535-539},
doi = {10.1378/chest.109.2.535},
pmid = {8620732},
issn = {0012-3692},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*complications/therapy ; Prednisone/therapeutic use ; Sarcoidosis/*complications ; Vitamin D/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Hypercalcemia occurs in about 10% of the patients with sarcoidosis; hypercalciuria is about three times more frequent. These abnormalities of calcium metabolism are due to dysregulated production of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 (calcitriol) by activated macrophages trapped in pulmonary alveoli and granulomatous inflammation. Undetected hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria can cause nephrocalcinosis, renal stones, and renal failure. Corticosteroids cause prompt reversal of the metabolic defect. Chloroquine, hydroxychloroqune, and ketoconazole are the drugs that should be used if the patient fails to respond or develops dangerous side effects to corticosteroid therapy.},
}
@article {pmid9813631,
year = {1996},
author = {Hess, B},
title = {Low calcium diet in hypercalciuric calcium nephrolithiasis: first do no harm.},
journal = {Scanning microscopy},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {547-54; discussion 554-6},
pmid = {9813631},
issn = {0891-7035},
mesh = {Calcitriol/biosynthesis ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/*metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Many studies indicate that up-regulated production of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 (calcitriol) with increased intestinal absorption of calcium is the primary event causing idiopathic hypercalciuria. Thus, a low calcium diet appears to be a straightforward strategy in calcium stone formers with hypercalciuria (HCSF). However, the efficacy of such a regimen has never been established, and lowering calcium intake from 1000 to 400 mg/day further enhances calcitriol production. On a diet chronically restricted in calcium, many stone formers increase their intake of animal flesh protein. The latter is known to increase renal mass, and calcitriol levels indeed are positively correlated with renal mass in animals as well as in HCSF. Thus, low calcium and high animal flesh protein consumption are independent stimuli for further up-regulation of calcitriol production. The rise in calcitriol suppresses parathyroid hormone synthesis thereby diminishing renal tubular calcium reabsorption, and increasing urinary calcium losses. Since calcitriol up-regulation also increases bone resorption, the combination of low calcium and high protein intake is particularly likely to induce negative calcium balance and thus osteopenia. Finally, low calcium intake carries the risk of insufficient intestinal binding of oxalate with subsequent increases in intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of oxalate. Indeed, most recent studies suggest that high amounts of calcium, when ingested simultaneously with oxalate-containing meals, are able to prevent hyperoxaluria during severe oral oxalate loading.},
}
@article {pmid9008327,
year = {1996},
author = {Yüce, A and Yücesoy, M and Yücesoy, K and Canda, T and Fadiloğlu, M and Güre, A and Yuluğ, N},
title = {Ureaplasma urealyticum-induced urinary tract stones in rats.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {24},
number = {6},
pages = {345-348},
pmid = {9008327},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Ureaplasma Infections/*complications ; Ureaplasma urealyticum/physiology ; Urinary Bladder/metabolism/pathology ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism/*microbiology/pathology ; },
abstract = {This study investigated the possible role of Ureaplasma urealyticum, which is predominantly located in the urogenital tract, in the formation of infectious stones. A standardized Ureaplasma urealyticum broth culture isolated from a human urogenital specimen was inoculated into the renal medulla of five male rats (Rattus norvegicus L., Wistar C, weighing 170 +/- 10 g) and the same amount of culture media was used for five identical control rats. Five days after the inoculation, the rats were killed and fresh preparations from the bladders and the inoculated kidneys of both groups were prepared. At the same time biochemical and histopathological analysis of the contents of the bladders and the inoculated kidneys of both groups was performed. Crystal formation within the bladders of the inoculated rats was demonstrated and biochemical analysis of the crystals showed calcium, magnesium and phosphate, which indicated the existence of infection-induced crystals. These findings were absent in the control rats. The role of Ureaplasma in the production of urinary tract infectious stones was thus demonstrated in vivo.},
}
@article {pmid8865562,
year = {1996},
author = {Suhr, D and Brümmer, F and Irmer, U and Hülser, DF},
title = {Disturbance of cellular calcium homeostasis by in vitro application of shock waves.},
journal = {Ultrasound in medicine &amp; biology},
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {671-679},
doi = {10.1016/0301-5629(96)00044-0},
pmid = {8865562},
issn = {0301-5629},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Division ; Cell Membrane/metabolism/radiation effects ; Flow Cytometry ; *High-Energy Shock Waves ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Intracellular Fluid/*metabolism/radiation effects ; Membrane Potentials ; Mitochondria/metabolism/radiation effects/ultrastructure ; Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism/radiation effects/ultrastructure ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology/therapy ; },
abstract = {Extracorporeally generated shock waves used in lithotripsy of urinary and biliary stones exhibit tissue lesions in vivo and destroy or damage cells in vitro. The involvement of cavitation-generated free radicals in these harmful effects is discussed controversially. We investigated changes in cytoplasmic calcium concentration and intracellular calcium localization after shock-wave treatment of suspended cell cultures using flow cytometry and electron microscopy and present evidence for the disturbance of mitochondrial Ca2+ a sequestration and, therefore, for a chemically induced cell injury.},
}
@article {pmid8856251,
year = {1996},
author = {Zanchetta, JR and Rodriguez, G and Negri, AL and del Valle, E and Spivacow, FR},
title = {Bone mineral density in patients with hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Nephron},
volume = {73},
number = {4},
pages = {557-560},
doi = {10.1159/000189140},
pmid = {8856251},
issn = {1660-8151},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Density/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrocalcinosis/metabolism/*pathology ; Spine/metabolism/pathology ; },
abstract = {Bone mineral density was studied in 50 adult patients with renal lithiasis and metabolic diagnosis of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Thirty were premenopausal women and 20 were men under 55 years of age, Bone density at the lumbar spine (LSBD) was 0.940 +/- 0.106 g/cm2 in the hypercalciuric patients compared to 1.112 +/- 0.037 g/cm2 in a cohort of age- and sex-matched controls (p < 0.001). LSBD was independent of age and was negatively correlated with the duration of stone disease (r = -0.52, p < 0.001). Thus we conclude that patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria have a decrease in their LSBD that is probably related to a negative calcium balance sustained over time.},
}
@article {pmid8851686,
year = {1996},
author = {Farias, ML and Delgado, AG and Rosenthal, D and Vieira, JG and Kasamatsu, T and Lazarevitch, MJ and Pereira, MF and Lima, MB},
title = {The cause of maintained hypercalciuria after the surgical cure of primary hyperparathyroidism is a defect in renal calcium reabsorption.},
journal = {Journal of endocrinological investigation},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {12-20},
pmid = {8851686},
issn = {0391-4097},
mesh = {Adenoma/surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/etiology/*urine ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications/*surgery ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/surgery ; },
abstract = {The hypercalciuria that eventually remains after the successful removal of a solitary parathyroid adenoma may originate from excessive intestinal calcium absorption, bone resorption or deficient renal reabsorption. In order to clarify this question, ten patients surgically cured from primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPx), ten age-matched normal subjects and five nephrolithiasic patients with renal hypercalciuria (RH) were studied after five days on a low calcium diet, either during fasting or after oral calcium load. Fasting serum calcium, amino-terminal and intact PTH levels and also urinary cAMP excretion were normal in every individual patient. Serum ionized calcium and inulin clearance (GFR) were used for calculations of the filtered load (FL Ca) and the fractional excretion of calcium (FE Ca). Six PHPx patients displayed fasting calciuria above the upper limit calculated for control subjects, despite having the lowest GFR and FL Ca (p < 0.05 vs control). These patients (h-PHPx) had a small calciuric response to oral calcium load. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 25OHD3 did not correlate with calciuria. Our findings exclude intestinal hyperabsorption and excessive bone resorption in h-PHPx patients, and strongly suggest a renal tubular defect in calcium reabsorption as the cause of their hypercalciuria. This defect could be primary, as in RH, but only three hPHPx patients had recurrent kidney stones before surgery. On the other hand, as a negative correlation between GFR and FE Ca was only found in PHPx patients, it seems probable that the disturbances in glomerular and tubular functions were secondary to the long standing hypercalcemic hyperparathyroidism.},
}
@article {pmid8834161,
year = {1996},
author = {Hebert, SC and Brown, EM},
title = {The scent of an ion: calcium-sensing and its roles in health and disease.},
journal = {Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {45-53},
pmid = {8834161},
issn = {1062-4821},
support = {44588//PHS HHS/United States ; 48330//PHS HHS/United States ; DK41415/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Extracellular Space/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Parathyroid Glands/*metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The recent cloning of G protein-coupled extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o)-sensing receptors from bovine (and human) parathyroid and rat kidney (and brain) has clearly shown that Ca2+o can function as a 'first messenger'. The physiological relevance of this receptor in Ca2+o homeostasis in man has been demonstrated by the identification both of 'inactivating' and of 'activating' mutations in this Ca2+o-sensing receptor, which result in hypercalcemic and hypocalcemic phenotypes, respectively. The molecular mechanisms involved in extracellular calcium 'sensing' in the kidney are just beginning to emerge but are already suggesting new and novel mechanisms for linking Ca2+ (and Mg2+) and water excretion. The latter inter-relationship appears to be crucial because maximal water conservation during periods of increased urinary Ca2+ or Mg2+ loss (e.g. due to increased dietary intake of these solutes) would increase urinary divalent cation concentration and enhance the risk of crystal/stone formation. The interactions among Ca2+, NaCl and water handling in the distal nephron and collecting duct may provide mechanisms for integrating and balancing water and divalent mineral loss, minimizing the risk of stone formation (a 'trade-off' of water conservation for Ca2+ or Mg2+ loss). Research over the next few years should greatly expand our understanding of the roles played by this Ca2+o-sensor both in divalent mineral excretion and in water metabolism as well as in other tissues (e.g. in the central nervous system).},
}
@article {pmid8791054,
year = {1996},
author = {Robert, M and Boularan, AM and Delbos, O and Monnier, L and Grasset, D},
title = {Evaluation of the risk of stone formation: study on crystalluria in patients with recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {29},
number = {4},
pages = {456-461},
doi = {10.1159/000473796},
pmid = {8791054},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Case-Control Studies ; Crystallization ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*chemistry/epidemiology/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the morning calcium oxalate crystalluria in detecting stone formers particularly prone to recurrence.<br><br>METHODS: Over a 24-hour period of urine collection, the morning calcium oxalate crystalluria was evaluated as well as the risk of stone formation, established with Tiselius and Parks indices, for 25 recurrent stone formers (group 1) and 25 normal controls (group 2).<br><br>RESULTS: Morning crystalluria (type, size, number/ml and state of aggregate) and the Tiselius index were comparable in the two groups. Conversely, calciuria as well as the citrate/ calcium ratio and the Parks index varied significantly for stone formers and normal controls. No particular correlation appeared between crystalluria and indices of Tiselius and Parks, calciuria, calcium-oxalate product or calcium/ oxalate and citrate/calcium ratios.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Morning calcium oxalate crystalluria does not enable an efficient characterization of recurrent stone formers. Its discordance with others potential indicators of the risk of stone formation poses the problem of their respective validity and evokes the prevalence of still unknown inhibiting agents in the phenomenon of crystallization.},
}
@article {pmid8773335,
year = {1996},
author = {Heilberg, IP and Martini, LA and Draibe, SA and Ajzen, H and Ramos, OL and Schor, N},
title = {Sensitivity to calcium intake in calcium stone forming patients.},
journal = {Nephron},
volume = {73},
number = {2},
pages = {145-153},
doi = {10.1159/000189031},
pmid = {8773335},
issn = {1660-8151},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary/*adverse effects ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Urinary Calculi/diagnosis/*metabolism/urine ; Vitamin D/blood ; },
abstract = {The absorptive or renal origin of hypercalciuria can be discriminated using an acute oral calcium load test (ACLT). Of 86 patients with calcium oxalate kidney stones, 28 (23%) were found to be hypercalciuric (HCa) and 58 (67%) normocalciuric (NCa) on their customary free diet, containing 542 +/- 29 mg/day (mean +/- SE) of calcium. Since the apparently normal 24-hour calcium excretion of many calcium stone formers (CSF) may be due to a combination of high calcium absorption with moderately low calcium intake, all patients were investigated by ACLT. Of 28 HCa patients, 13 (46%) were classified as absorptive (AH) and 15 (54%) as renal hypercalciuria (RH). Of the 58 NCa patients, 38 (65%) presented features of intestinal hyperabsorption and were therefore designated as AH-like, and 20 (35%) as RH-like. To further elucidate the role of dietary calcium in these CSF, a chronic calcium load test (CCLT), consisting of 1 g/day of oral Ca for 7 days, was designed. A positive response to the CCLT was considered to occur when urinary calcium (uCa) was > or = 4 mg/ kg/24 h on the 7th day. Among NCa patients, 29% of AH-like subjects responded to the CCLT and 71% did not; 50% of RH-like subjects also responded and 50% did not. In HCa patients, 85% of AH and 67% of RH subjects maintained uCa > or = 4 mg/kg/24 h after the CCLT and 15% of AH and 23% of RH subjects did not. However, a significant additional increase in mean uCa was not observed among HCa patients. All patients were submitted to a second evaluation of fasting calciuria (Ca/Cr). A modification of this parameter was noticed in 89% of RH-like and 78% of RH patients. In conclusion, these data suggest the presence of subpopulations of patients sensitive or not to calcium intake, regardless of whether the acute response to a calcium overload test suggested AH or RH. The CCLT disclosed dietary hypercalciuria in 21/58 (36%) of previously NCa patients. In these NCa patients, the ACLT may be replaced by the CCLT. The distinction between AH and RH initially evidenced by the ACLT was not further confirmed. These data suggest that either fasting Ca/Cr is not adequate for subclassification of HCa or that AH and RH represent a different spectrum of the same disease, and that a primary resorptive component should also be considered.},
}
@article {pmid8677192,
year = {1996},
author = {Klimek, D and Kokot, F and Wiecek, A and Kuczera, M},
title = {[Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with active renal stone disease].},
journal = {Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej},
volume = {95},
number = {1},
pages = {3-10},
pmid = {8677192},
mesh = {Adult ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Sodium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The role of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in Na and water metabolism is well recognized. Much less known is the physiological importance of ANP in the metabolism of other electrolytes e.g. calcium and magnesium, which are presumably involved in the pathogenesis of active renal stone disease (ARSD). The present study aimed to assess the potential role of ANP in the pathogenesis of ARSD. Two groups of subjects were examined. The first one comprised 30 patients with ARSD (diagnosed according to Smith's criteria) while the second one consisted of 21 healthy subjects. Both groups were studied under bed rest (BR) and water immersion (IW) conditions. The examined groups were not different by age, sex, serum electrolyte profile (Na, Ca, Mg) and urinary excretion of Na, Ca, Mg and oxalic acid. Patients with ARSD showed significantly higher basal level of ANP and a significantly higher response of ANP secretion to IW as normals. In spite of this abnormality, patients with ARSD showed a similar increase in water, Na, Ca, Mg and oxalic acid excretion stimulated by IW as compared with normals. In contrast to healthy subjects, patients with ARSD showed no significant correlation between serum ANP levels and urinary excretion of Na, Ca and Mg. In addition, only patients with ARSD showed a significant positive correlation between serum ANP and urinary excretion of oxalic acid during WI. Results obtained in this study suggest, that ANP may be involved in the pathogenesis of ARSD.},
}
@article {pmid8571096,
year = {1995},
author = {Hess, B},
title = {[Diagnostic markers in calcium nephrolithiasis--current and traditional ideas with a new look].},
journal = {Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {125},
number = {51-52},
pages = {2460-2470},
pmid = {8571096},
issn = {0036-7672},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/adverse effects ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/urine ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/diet therapy/*metabolism ; Male ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {About 80% of all renal stones contain calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate as their main crystalline components. The most important risk factors for increases in calcium oxalate crystallization are low urine volume, hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia. Hypercalciuria, however, is of secondary importance as a cause of increased crystallization: whereas calcium and oxalate crystallize in a 1:1 ratio, the molar concentration ratio in urine amounts to about 10:1 in favor of calcium. Therefore, increases in urinary calcium will not be followed by a rise in crystallization as long as oxalate remains constant, whereas even the slightest increases in urinary oxalate immediately cause more crystals to precipitate. Thus, low calcium diet is not only unnecessary but is contraindicated since it may cause secondary hyperoxaluria (increased intestinal oxalate absorption) and osteopenia (negative calcium balance). On the other hand, overconsumption of animal protein (meat, poultry, fish) induces more pronounced hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia and contributes to an overall negative calcium balance. It is, however, only by the interplay of "bad" dietary habits with underlying abnormalities such as up-regulation of calcitriol production, incomplete renal tubular acidosis or defective macromolecular crystallization inhibitors, that people become recurrent calcium renal stone formers.},
}
@article {pmid8588112,
year = {1995},
author = {Strazzullo, P and Cappuccio, FP},
title = {Hypertension and kidney stones: hypotheses and implications.},
journal = {Seminars in nephrology},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {519-525},
pmid = {8588112},
issn = {0270-9295},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Hypertension/complications/epidemiology/physiopathology ; Incidence ; *Kidney Calculi/complications/epidemiology/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {A statistical association between arterial hypertension and kidney stone disease has been observed in three retrospective epidemiological surveys: the first was conducted in the early 1960s on 895, 50-year-old men living in Goteborg, Sweden; the second on 3,431 in-wall residents of the ancient town of Gubbio in central Italy, and the third on 688 workers (88% of the male work force) of the Olivetti factory in Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy. In all three studies, the participants in the upper part of the respective blood pressure distributions, or on long-term treatment for arterial hypertension had a significantly higher frequency of a positive history of nephrolithiasis compared with normotensives. This statistical association was independent of age, body mass, and biochemical indicators of renal function. The aim of this article is to review the evidence provided by these epidemiological surveys and to discuss a few pathogenetic hypotheses with special reference to the role of hypercalciuria and other alterations of calcium metabolism commonly found in patients with essential hypertension. The higher risk of calcium nephrolithiasis in hypertensive patients has obvious clinical and public health implications, given the large diffusion of both conditions in the population and the elevated social costs of their complications and sequelae. Several nutritional measures are known to be effective for the prevention and treatment of both hypertension and nephrolithisis, and therefore, there is attention in this article to the important role of the micronutrients sodium, potassium, and calcium and to their biological relationships.},
}
@article {pmid8544412,
year = {1995},
author = {Gambaro, G and Petrarulo, M and Nardelotto, A and Marangella, M and Baggio, B},
title = {Erythrocyte transmembrane flux and renal clearance of oxalate in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {48},
number = {5},
pages = {1549-1552},
doi = {10.1038/ki.1995.445},
pmid = {8544412},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Erythrocyte Membrane/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/blood/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {An anomaly in erythrocyte oxalate transport has been reported in patients with idiopathic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Even if clinical and experimental evidence suggests a causal role of this cellular anomaly in calcium nephrolithiasis, a definitive answer to this fundamental question is still lacking. We approached this problem by searching for a possible relationship between the erythrocyte oxalate self-exchange anomaly and the renal clearance of this anion in stone formers. In 10 idiopathic calcium-oxalate renal stone formers, and 10 healthy subjects we evaluated the erythrocyte oxalate flux rate, and the renal fractional clearance of oxalate by a recently described enzymathic procedures for plasma oxalate determination. With respect to controls, stone formers had higher oxalate flux rate in erythrocytes, and higher oxalate renal fractional clearance with a significant direct correlation between the two parameters. These data are compatible with a membrane transport abnormality within the kidney of these stone formers, and the existence of a common defect of the oxalate transport shared by both erythrocytes and tubular renal cells. The latter may be crucial in the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, by modifying the renal handling of oxalate.},
}
@article {pmid7559881,
year = {1995},
author = {Zerwekh, JE and Hughes, MR and Reed, BY and Breslau, NA and Heller, HJ and Lemke, M and Nasonkin, I and Pak, CY},
title = {Evidence for normal vitamin D receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and genotype in absorptive hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {80},
number = {10},
pages = {2960-2965},
doi = {10.1210/jcem.80.10.7559881},
pmid = {7559881},
issn = {0021-972X},
support = {MO1-RR-00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-DK-20543/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Biopsy ; Bone Density ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/*urine ; Cells, Cultured ; Creatinine/urine ; Deoxyribonuclease BamHI ; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific ; Exons ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Leukocytes/metabolism ; Malabsorption Syndromes/*genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/blood ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Premenopause ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Receptors, Calcitriol/*biosynthesis/*genetics ; Reference Values ; Skin/metabolism/pathology ; },
abstract = {Absorptive hypercalciuria (a stone-forming condition) is characterized by gut hyperabsorption of calcium, hypercalciuria, and reduced bone density. Inasmuch as these features implicate enhanced calcitriol action in gut and bone, we analyzed the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene to ascertain whether an abnormality of this gene marks patients with intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium. We have compared the frequency of a restriction fragment length polymorphism (Bsm I) associated with different alleles of the VDR gene in a group of 33 well characterized absorptive hypercalciuric patients and a group of 36 normal race- and age-matched control subjects. There was no difference between the distribution of the VDR alleles in the patient population when compared with the normal population. The coding region of VDR messenger RNA was also normal, as determined by both DNA sequence analysis and chemical mismatch cleavage analysis of copy DNA from 11 index absorptive hypercalciuric patients. On the basis of these results, we propose that the enhanced intestinal calcium absorption invariably seen in absorptive hypercalciuria and attendant symptoms of this disorder are not attributable to mutations of the VDR and are not linked to a common VDR genotype.},
}
@article {pmid8669330,
year = {1995},
author = {Ripa Saldias, L and Delpón Pérez, E and Chueca Rodríguez, P},
title = {[Epidemics of urinary calculi in la Ribera de Navarra (II). Analytic studies].},
journal = {Actas urologicas espanolas},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {627-634},
pmid = {8669330},
issn = {0210-4806},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Male ; Spain/epidemiology ; Urinary Calculi/*epidemiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Presentation of the analytical results from the patients seen for lithiasic disease (LD) over a two-year period at the Hospital Reina Sofia, Tudela. This Hospital covers a homogeneous Health Area including 22 villages and a population of 76,000 people. The clinical cases of 785 patient diagnosed with LD between May 1988 and 1990 May are analyzed. Microhaematuria in fresh urine is detected in 64.20% patients and crystalluria in 33.37%. Significant bacteriuria is present in 5.73% of total patients with prevalence of E. coli in 42.4%. Only 2 cases of hyperparatiroidism were diagnosed during the study period but later another two cases of HPT were detected in bone injuries studied due to rheumatic disease. No normocalcemic HPT cases were diagnosed among suspected cases. The metabolic studies were of little use in our experience, maybe because of non-availability of basic analytical determinations such as citraturia. Nevertheless, higher values of urinary volume, calciuria and uricemia and lower values of magnesemia and magnesiuria were found in lithiasic patients that in control ones. Neither oxaluria or the remaining analytical parameters provide differential data. Hypercalciuria higher than 300 mg in seen in 28.6% of studied patients and in 12.5% of the control group.},
}
@article {pmid7577412,
year = {1995},
author = {Hari, P and Bagga, A and Vasudev, V and Singh, M and Srivastava, RN},
title = {Aetiology of nephrolithiasis in north Indian children.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {9},
number = {4},
pages = {474-475},
pmid = {7577412},
issn = {0931-041X},
mesh = {Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/etiology/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/urine ; Male ; },
abstract = {The aetiology of nephrolithiasis was investigated in 32 north Indian children (25 boys, 7 girls, mean age 7.9 +/- 3.3 years). An underlying disorder was detected in 16 (50%) patients and included idiopathic hypercalciuria (8 patients), hyperoxaluria (3 patients) and renal tubular acidosis, primary hyperparathyroidism and hyperuricosuria (1 patient each). Magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi were found in 2 patients with recurrent urinary tract infections, 1 of whom had a duplex pelvic collecting system. In 16 patients (50%) a cause for renal calculi was not identified. Our findings suggest that an underlying disorder is present in a large proportion of children with nephrolithiasis where appropriate treatment may be beneficial.},
}
@article {pmid7474614,
year = {1995},
author = {Ikeda, M and Ohmori, A},
title = {[A study of calcium metabolism in calcium-containing stone formers].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {86},
number = {8},
pages = {1313-1321},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1989.86.1313},
pmid = {7474614},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/urine ; Sodium/urine ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {To clarify the pathogenesis of calcium-containing urinary stone, calcium metabolism of the 113 patients with calcium-containing stone was studied by fasting and oral calcium loading test. The stone patients were classified into four groups. Those were normocalciuria (NC, n = 60), absorptive hypercalciuria-1 (AH-1, n = 26), absorptive hypercalciuria-2 (AH-2, n = 16) and renal hypercalciuria (RH, n = 11). In the AH-1 group, hypercalciuria resulted from enhancement of intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption. The increase in serum Ca from absorbed Ca increased renal filtered load of Ca. Urinary excretion of Ca was correlated to that of sodium (Na) in fasting and Ca load, and both increments were also correlated in Ca load. As of this fact, the increase in Na excretion was responsible for a cause of hypercalciuria in the AH-1 group. In the RH group, the serum ionized Ca level and % tubular reabsorption of Ca were significantly lower than those of other groups. Urinary excretion of Ca and Na ratio was significantly higher than that of the NC and AH-1 groups. This condition was due to an impaired renal tubular reabsorption of Ca and the resulting secondary hyperparathyroidism. These findings suggested was response disorder of distal tubular to parathyroid hormone. Urinary excretion of phosphorus (P) was correlated to that of Na in fasting and Ca load, and both increments were also correlated in Ca load in the AH-1 group. The increase in urinary excretion of P resulted from the secondary hyperparathyroidism in the RH group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid7672661,
year = {1995},
author = {Plevris, JN and Bouchier, IA},
title = {Defective acid base regulation by the gall bladder epithelium and its significance for gall stone formation.},
journal = {Gut},
volume = {37},
number = {1},
pages = {127-131},
pmid = {7672661},
issn = {0017-5749},
mesh = {Acid-Base Imbalance/*complications ; Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/chemistry ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cattle ; Cholelithiasis/*etiology ; Epithelium/metabolism/physiopathology ; Gallbladder/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; },
}
@article {pmid7869529,
year = {1995},
author = {Schreiber, M and Schwille, PO},
title = {Vasectomy in the rat--effects on mineral metabolism, with emphasis on renal tissue minerals and occurrence of urinary stones.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {153},
number = {4},
pages = {1284-1290},
pmid = {7869529},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Epididymis/pathology ; Kidney/*metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Minerals/*metabolism ; Organ Size ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis/pathology ; Testosterone/blood/urine ; Vasectomy/*adverse effects ; Vasovasostomy ; },
abstract = {An increased stone frequency and hypotestosteronemia after vasectomy were reported and suggest development of some disturbance of homeostasis of minerals and hormones. The objective of the present study in the rat was to assess the effects of vasectomy (n = 14) and vasovasostomy (n = 12) on gonadal state, intestinal absorption of minerals and mineral concentrations in serum, urine and 3 renal tissue regions. Sham-operated animals (n = 12) served as controls. Seven months after surgery the combined results show that vasectomy induced a significant decrease in gonadal weight, but not in serum and urinary testosterone; serum magnesium was decreased (p = 0.014 versus controls) and phosphaturia was increased (p = 0.025), whereas serum calcium, parathyroid hormone and urinary cyclic AMP were unchanged. Also, after vasectomy there was a significant accumulation of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in renal papillae and additionally of phosphorus in the renal cortical and medullary region; oxalate was unchanged. Renal stones containing calcium phosphate were found in 2 vasectomized rats, but in none of the vasovasostomized ones. In contrast, in vasovasostomized rats, mineral accumulation in renal tissues was abolished, and the associated concentration of serum free testosterone was 3 times higher (p = 0.018) than in control rats. It was concluded that vasectomy in the rat 1) may not be neutral to gonadal function in terms of gonadal weight; 2) disturbs the homeostasis of magnesium, calcium and phosphorus at the level of the kidney; and 3) induces mild hypomagnesemia and marked hyperphosphaturia in the presence of normal parathyroid gland function. It is suggested that these sequelae of vasectomy and vasovasostomy may be traced back to a disturbance of autonomous nerve tone.},
}
@article {pmid7610938,
year = {1995},
author = {Ruml, LA and Dubois, SK and Roberts, ML and Pak, CY},
title = {Prevention of hypercalciuria and stone-forming propensity during prolonged bedrest by alendronate.},
journal = {Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {655-662},
doi = {10.1002/jbmr.5650100420},
pmid = {7610938},
issn = {0884-0431},
support = {M01-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-DK20543/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Alendronate ; Bed Rest/adverse effects ; Biomarkers/blood ; Bone Density/drug effects ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Diphosphonates/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/urine ; Immobilization/*adverse effects ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphorus/blood ; Urinary Calculi/*prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {The bone loss and hypercalciuria induced by immobilization or the decreased gravitational forces of space are well described. Using a model of bedrest immobilization, the ability of a potent aminobisphosphonate, alendronate, to avert hypercalciuria and stone-forming propensity was tested. Sixteen male subjects participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in which they received either 20 mg of alendronate or placebo 2 weeks prior to and during 3 weeks of strict bedrest. Parameters of bone and calcium metabolism and urinary crystallization of stone-forming salts were measured before and at the end of bedrest. In the placebo group, bedrest increased urinary calcium (209 +/- 47 to 267 +/- 60 mg/day, p < 0.01) and the saturation of calcium phosphate. Before bedrest, the alendronate group had a significantly lower serum calcium (8.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 9.6 +/- 0.5 mg/dl, p < 0.01) and higher serum PTH (62.4 +/- 33.1 vs. 23.1 +/- 7.5 pg/ml, p < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. Moreover, the alendronate group had a lower urinary calcium (75 +/- 41 mg/day) and saturation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. These effects of alendronate were sustained during bedrest. Following bedrest in the alendronate group, urinary calcium rose to 121 +/- 50 mg/day, a value less than that in the placebo group before or during bedrest. Similarly, urinary saturation of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate rose with bedrest in the alendronate-treated patients but remained lower than values obtained in placebo-treated patients before or during bedrest. Alendronate inhibits bone mineral loss and averts the hypercalciuria and increased propensity for the crystallization of stone-forming calcium salts which occurs during 3 weeks of strict bedrest.},
}
@article {pmid7785460,
year = {1995},
author = {Breslau, NA and Padalino, P and Kok, DJ and Kim, YG and Pak, CY},
title = {Physicochemical effects of a new slow-release potassium phosphate preparation (UroPhos-K) in absorptive hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {394-400},
doi = {10.1002/jbmr.5650100309},
pmid = {7785460},
issn = {0884-0431},
support = {MO1-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-DK20543/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Buffers ; Calcium/pharmacokinetics/*urine ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/administration &amp; dosage/*therapeutic use ; Phosphorus/blood/urine ; Potassium/blood/urine ; Potassium Compounds/administration &amp; dosage/*therapeutic use ; Sodium/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {A new slow-release, neutral potassium phosphate salt (UroPhos-K) has been formulated in order to minimize gastrointestinal side effects and avoid sodium-induced calciuria. It was tested in a prospective randomized, double-blind trial in a group of 21 kidney stone patients with absorptive hypercalciuria type I (AH). Twelve patients allocated to the UroPhos-K group received four tablets twice daily with breakfast and an evening snack providing 1240 mg of phosphorus and 63.5 mEq of potassium daily. Nine patients assigned to the placebo group received placebo tablets of the same appearance containing excipient only. Subjects were studied during a 3-day period in the hospital while consuming a constant metabolic diet containing 400 mg Ca, 100 mEq Na, and 800 mg P per day before and after 3 months of treatment. Treatment with UroPhos-K did not cause any significant gastrointestinal side effects; nor did it raise fasting serum K or phosphorus, or reduce hemoglobin or creatinine clearance. It was associated with a rise in urinary K from 46 +/- 7 to 98 +/- 9 mEq per day and phosphorus from 744 +/- 185 to 1535 +/- 112 mg per day (p < 0.001 each). UroPhos-K treatment reduced urinary Ca from 288 +/- 63 to 171 +/- 49 mg/day (p < 0.001), without altering oxalate excretion. It reduced the urinary saturation of calcium oxalate without altering that of brushite. Moreover, by increasing urinary excretion of inhibitors (citrate and pyrophosphate), it reduced the propensity for spontaneous nucleation of brushite (increased formation product of brushite) and inhibited crystal agglomeration of calcium oxalate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid7736553,
year = {1995},
author = {Humbert, W and Pévet, P},
title = {Calcium concretions in the pineal gland of aged rats: an ultrastructural and microanalytical study of their biogenesis.},
journal = {Cell and tissue research},
volume = {279},
number = {3},
pages = {565-573},
pmid = {7736553},
issn = {0302-766X},
mesh = {Aging/*metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calculi/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Microscopy, Electron ; Organelle Biogenesis ; Pineal Gland/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; },
abstract = {The genesis of calcium concretions in aged rats was studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The potassium pyroantimonate method, combined with X-ray microanalysis, allowed us to study the distribution of cations and calcium. Notable accumulations of calcium (associated with phosphorus) were localized in vesicles, vacuoles, lipid droplets, lipopigments, and mitochondria of dark pinealocytes. The results obtained in the present investigation suggest that these organelles are involved in the genesis of the concretions. The presence of sulfur indicates the existence of an organic matrix. We propose that genesis takes place in dark pinealocytes, which contain more calcium than light pinealocytes. Mineralization foci are sometimes associated with cellular debris and enlarge by further apposition of material. Two types of concretions, as determined by electron microscopy and confirmed by electron diffraction, could be observed: the "amorphous" type with concentric layers and the crystalline type with needle-shaped crystals. Once formed, the concretions reach the extracellular space and the cell breaks down. Possible extracellular calcification is suggested in the extracellular calcium-rich floculent material. The mineralization process is interpreted as being an age-related phenomenon and mainly a consequence of the degeneration of pinealocytes.},
}
@article {pmid7479246,
year = {1995},
author = {Kuczera, M and Kokot, F and Klimek, D},
title = {[Endocrine abnormalities in active nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej},
volume = {93},
number = {3},
pages = {243-249},
pmid = {7479246},
mesh = {Calcitonin/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Endocrine System Diseases/*complications ; Hormones/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Prolactin/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid8839392,
year = {1995},
author = {Chan, VS and Tan, EC and Li, MK},
title = {Determination of heparan sulphate in kidney tissues of patients with calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {23},
number = {5},
pages = {339-342},
pmid = {8839392},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Adult ; Basement Membrane/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Heparitin Sulfate/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism ; Kidney Pelvis/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Tissue Distribution ; Ureter/metabolism ; },
abstract = {While the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for calcium nephrolithiasis remain unknown, the influence of heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) on disease progression of other diseases, such as polycystic kidneys and diabetic glomerulosclerosis, makes it an important candidate for the study of stone formation. Using the indirect immunofluorescence assay and image analysis, we were able to quantify and visualize the loss of HSPG localized in the basement membrane of the glomerulus and the mucosa of ureter or renal pelvis in patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis as compared to normal subjects. However, no significant change in HSPG was observed in the basement membrane of the tubular epithelium. The decreased HSPG in the glomerulus may reflect the potentially disrupted anion/neutral barrier for glomerular filtration, which would encourage the accumulation of stone solutes. The drop in HSPG staining intensity in the basement membrane of the mucosa of ureter/renal pelvis may suggest the tendency of adhesion of crystal to urothelial surfaces. Based on these immunological data, it appears that HSPG plays a modulatory role in the pathogenesis of this disease.},
}
@article {pmid8815267,
year = {1995},
author = {Vorob'ev, LP and Maev, IV and V'iuchnova, ES},
title = {[Calcareous bile syndrome].},
journal = {Klinicheskaia meditsina},
volume = {73},
number = {5},
pages = {16-20},
pmid = {8815267},
issn = {0023-2149},
mesh = {Bile/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Compounds/metabolism ; Calculi/metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Gallbladder/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypercalcemia/metabolism ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism ; Oxides/metabolism ; Syndrome ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7972057,
year = {1994},
author = {Mustafi, D and Nakagawa, Y},
title = {Characterization of calcium-binding sites in the kidney stone inhibitor glycoprotein nephrocalcin with vanadyl ions: electron paramagnetic resonance and electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {91},
number = {24},
pages = {11323-11327},
pmid = {7972057},
issn = {0027-8424},
support = {AM 33949/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; GM 21900/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Circular Dichroism ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Protein Binding ; Vanadates/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Nephrocalcin (NC) is a calcium-binding glycoprotein of 14,000 molecular weight. It inhibits the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals in renal tubules. The NC used in this study was isolated from bovine kidney tissue and purified with the use of DEAE-cellulose chromatography into four isoforms, designated as fractions A-D. They differ primarily according to the content of phosphate and gamma-carboxy-glutamic acid. Fractions A and B are strong inhibitors of the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal, whereas fractions C and D inhibit crystal growth weakly. Fraction A, with the highest Ca(2+)-binding affinity, was characterized with respect to its metal-binding sites by using the vanadyl ion (VO2+) as a paramagnetic probe in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopic studies. By EPR spectrometric titration, it was shown that fraction A of NC bound VO2+ with a stoichiometry of metal:protein binding of 4:1. Also, the binding of VO2+ to NC was shown to be competitive with Ca2+. Only protein residues were detected by proton ENDOR as ligands, and these ligands bound with complete exclusion of solvent from the inner coordination sphere of the metal ion. This type of metal-binding environment, as derived from VO(2+)-reconstituted NC, differs significantly from the binding sites in other Ca(2+)-binding proteins.},
}
@article {pmid7961699,
year = {1994},
author = {Peng, SB and Zhang, Y and Crider, BP and White, AE and Fried, VA and Stone, DK and Xie, XS},
title = {Reconstitution of the recombinant 70-kDa subunit of the clathrin-coated vesicle H+ ATPase.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {269},
number = {44},
pages = {27778-27782},
pmid = {7961699},
issn = {0021-9258},
support = {DK-33627/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; NS-29542/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cattle ; Cloning, Molecular ; Coated Vesicles/*enzymology ; DNA Primers/chemistry ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Enzyme Activation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Proton-Translocating ATPases/*chemistry ; Recombinant Proteins ; },
abstract = {Vacuolar-type proton pumps are complex heterooligomers. When dissociated into subcomplexes and subunits, the partial reactions of ATP hydrolysis and transmembranous proton flow can be assigned to isolated domains. Data suggest that the molecular site of ATP hydrolysis resides within the 70-kDa subunit but that ATPase activity likely requires at least three additional subunits of 58, 40, and 33 kDa (Xie, X.-S., and Stone, D. K. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 9859-9867). We have now cloned and sequenced the 70-kDa subunit from bovine brain and have expressed the protein in insect Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda) cells with a recombinant baculovirus. When purified, the protein has no significant ATPase activity but can be photoaffinity labeled with [alpha 32P]ATP and UV irradiation with an apparent Kd of 35 microM. When reconstituted with biochemically prepared 58-, 40-, and 33-kDa polypeptides, the recombinant 70-kDa subunit restores Ca(2+)-activated ATP hydrolysis to a specific activity of 0.6 mumol P(i).mg protein-1.min-1, thus demonstrating that ATP hydrolysis in vacuolar-type proton pumps is dependent upon both the 70-kDa subunit as well as multi-subunit interactions.},
}
@article {pmid7933215,
year = {1994},
author = {Wolf, JS and Stoller, ML},
title = {Inhibition of calculi fragment growth by metal-bisphosphonate complexes demonstrated with a new assay measuring the surface activity of urolithiasis inhibitors.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {152},
number = {5 Pt 1},
pages = {1609-1614},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)32488-6},
pmid = {7933215},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Diphosphonates/*pharmacology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Metals/*pharmacology ; Methods ; Pamidronate ; Surface Properties ; Tin/pharmacology ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {To evaluate compounds for the long-term inhibition of urinary calculi growth, we applied a newly developed in vitro assay to various metal-ligand complexes. The new experimental model--the preadsorbed calculi growth assay--was based upon the initiation of crystal growth in a metastable solution of calcium and oxalate with uniform granules derived from human renal calculi. Potential inhibitors were first absorbed onto the surface of the calculi granules, following which the loss of calcium from the seeded metastable solution was monitored as the indicator of calcium oxalate deposition. This assay allowed participation in the reaction by any matrix components present in the human calculi granules and limited the effect of the inhibitors to the calculi surface. Some complexes of metal ions with bisphosphonates had strong inhibitory effects, as opposed to citrate complexes which had minimal effect in this assay. Tin was the most potent metal ion, and pamidronate was the most potent bisphosphonate; together they slowed the growth of calculi granules to 9% of control. The inhibition by Tin-bisphosphonate complexes persisted despite a week of continual rinsing with a solution of sodium chloride and calcium. If the metal-bisphosphonate complexes are active in vivo as well, they might be considered for prophylaxis of calcium oxalate calculi or the prevention of regrowth of residual fragments following lithotripsy.},
}
@article {pmid7873747,
year = {1994},
author = {Coe, FL and Parks, JH},
title = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria: the contribution of Dr. Jacob Lemann, Jr.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {5},
number = {5 Suppl 1},
pages = {S59-69},
doi = {10.1681/ASN.V55s59},
pmid = {7873747},
issn = {1046-6673},
mesh = {Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcitriol/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/pharmacology ; Male ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The original contributions of Jacob Lemann to mineral metabolism, especially calcium metabolism and idopathic hypercalciuria, are reviewed. One group of studies concern acid base balance and calcium loss, showing that acid loads increase calcium loss in the urine. Another group of studies concern the calciuria of glucose or carbohydrate ingestion, with the observation that stone patients, who as a population are enriched with hypercalciuria, respond with more exaggerated calciuria to glucose loads than do normal people. Yet another body of work shows that normal men, when given noncalcemic loads of calcitriol, exhibit two essential features of idiopathic hypercalciuria--hyperabsorptive hypercalciuria and bone mineral loss on a low-calcium diet. The final group of studies presented worked on the problem of thiazide hypocalciuric action, and where the calcium goes that does not appear in the urine, as well as the effects of potassium bicarbonate and sodium loads on mineral balance and acid base status.},
}
@article {pmid7703898,
year = {1994},
author = {Rattan, V and Sidhu, H and Jethi, RK and Thind, SK and Nath, R},
title = {Calcium and oxalate uptake by the renal brush border membrane vesicles in magnesium-deficient rats.},
journal = {Biochemistry and molecular biology international},
volume = {34},
number = {5},
pages = {1017-1026},
pmid = {7703898},
issn = {1039-9712},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Kidney Cortex/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology/*metabolism ; Magnesium Deficiency/metabolism ; Magnesium Sulfate/pharmacology ; Male ; Microvilli/metabolism ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; },
abstract = {Calcium and oxalate uptake by renal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) was examined in magnesium-deficient and pair-fed control rats. Uptake studies were carried out by rapid filtration technique and rate of influx of calcium and oxalate as a function of extravesicular concentration (0.1 nM--1.0 mM) examined. Calcium uptake by renal BBMV exhibited saturable kinetics while oxalate uptake followed a biphasic transport mechanism showing saturable kinetics at low oxalate concentrations and passive diffusion at higher concentrations. In magnesium deficiency the kinetics of calcium and oxalate uptake by renal BBMV remained unaltered but the rate of uptake was significantly enhanced at all the extravesicular concentrations studied. Double reciprocal plot for calcium uptake showed no change in Vmax but a decrease in Km (2.08 mM) in magnesium--deficient rats as compared to pair-fed controls (Km = 5.00 mM). Similar plot for oxalate uptake showed an increase in Vmax (7.69 nmoles/8 min/mg protein) in magnesium deficient group as compared to pair-fed controls (5.55 nmoles/8 min/mg protein), while Km remained unchanged. The results of the present study indicate high risk of calcium oxalate stone formation in magnesium--deficient rats due to hyperabsorption and retention of calcium and oxalate by the renal tubular brush border membrane.},
}
@article {pmid7806135,
year = {1994},
author = {Nguyen, NU and Henriet, MT and Dumoulin, G and Widmer, A and Regnard, J},
title = {Increase in calciuria and oxaluria after a single chocolate bar load.},
journal = {Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme},
volume = {26},
number = {8},
pages = {383-386},
doi = {10.1055/s-2007-1001712},
pmid = {7806135},
issn = {0018-5043},
mesh = {Adult ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; C-Peptide/analysis ; *Cacao ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Magnesium/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/*urine ; Phosphates/blood ; Triglycerides/blood ; },
abstract = {Chocolate, a foodstuff rich in sucrose, fat and oxalate, is considered unsuitable in cases of obesity, diabetes mellitus, urolithiasis and postprandial hypoglycemia. However the pathophysiological effects of chocolate are poorly documented. Therefore we investigated the effects of ingestion of 100 g dark chocolate bar (45 g cocoa and 55 g sucrose) on carbohydrate, calcium and oxalate metabolisms in 10 healthy subjects. Results were compared to those of 55 g sucrose intake (control group) performed on another day. Chocolate caused i) a lesser but longer increase in plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide than sucrose (respectively +23% of baseline vs +60%, p < 0.001; +436% of baseline vs +755%, p < 0.01 and +200% of baseline vs +331%, p < 0.01), ii) a striking increase in triglyceridemia, calciuria and oxaluria (respectively +96%, p < 0.01; +147%, p < 0.01 and +213%, p < 0.001). Thus, chocolate (cocoa+sucrose) causes a lesser pancreatic stimulation than sucrose. However, the increases in both calciuria and oxaluria (induced respectively by sucrose and cocoa) following chocolate ingestion might contribute to urinary conditions favoring the development of calcium oxalate calculi.},
}
@article {pmid7761717,
year = {1994},
author = {Fardella, C and Lastra, M and Rojas, A and Toro, M and Pinochet, C and Rosales, R and Retamal, F and Mellado, Y and López, F and Saa, E},
title = {[Importance of the deficit of crystallization inhibitors in the etiopathogenesis of urolithiasis].},
journal = {Revista medica de Chile},
volume = {122},
number = {8},
pages = {873-879},
pmid = {7761717},
issn = {0034-9887},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Crystallization ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Purines/metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: five percent of consultations at the Emergency Room of Catholic University Hospital are due to nephrolithiasis. The causes of this high frequency remain unknown.<br><br>AIM: to know the main metabolic and anatomic factors involved in the genesis of neprholithiasis.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: forty one patients (31 male) were studied presenting with a renal colic were studied as soon as the acute episode subsided and without diet modifications. Fasting blood calcium and creatinine and 24 h urine calcium, uric acid, citrate, magnesium and pH were measured and an intravenous pyelogram was performed. Twenty one subjects without a history of nephrolithiasis were used as controls.<br><br>RESULTS: Patients with nephrolithiasis did not differ from controls in urinary calcium (159 +/- 67 and 172 +/- 67 mg/24 h respectively), uricosuria (417 +/- 171 and 431 +/- 121 mg/24 h respectively) or urinary magnesium (55 +/- 19 and 62 +/- 21 mg/24 h respectively, whereas urinary citrate was lower (219 +/- 172 vs 319 +/- 179 mg/24 h in controls p < 0.05). All patients had normal renal functions, urinary acidification and intravenous pyelogram. Seven percent of patients with nephrolithiasis had hypercalciuria, 2.4% had hyperuricosuria. 68.3% had a low urinary citrate and 44.4% had low urinary magnesium.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: in this sample, there is a strong association of nephrolithiasis with low levels of crystallization inhibitors in special with urinary citrate, a crystallization inhibitor.},
}
@article {pmid8019991,
year = {1994},
author = {van Faassen, A and van den Bogaard, AE and Hazen, MJ and Janknegt, RA},
title = {Effects of a calcium binder on the solubility of bile acids and fatty acids in the large intestine of the rat.},
journal = {Cancer letters},
volume = {81},
number = {1},
pages = {77-80},
doi = {10.1016/0304-3835(94)90167-8},
pmid = {8019991},
issn = {0304-3835},
mesh = {Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Colorectal Neoplasms/etiology ; Edetic Acid/*pharmacology ; Fatty Acids/*metabolism ; Intestine, Large/*metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred BN ; Solubility ; },
abstract = {Kidney stone patients with hypercalciuria type I are treated with an oral calcium binder. Lower intakes of calcium (Ca) in the range of 0-1500 mg/day have been associated with an increased incidence of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of feeding ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid sodium salt (EDTA), a strong, non-absorbable binder of Ca, on the solubility of bile acids (BA) and long chain fatty acids (LCFA) in the large intestine of the rat. We have shown that the concentrations of soluble BA and LCFA in the large intestine contents remained constant while the concentration of total BA and LCFA decreased. Therefore, lowering the amount of Ca available for binding BA or LCFA is unlikely to increase the risk of colorectal cancer by that method.},
}
@article {pmid8073954,
year = {1994},
author = {Kurita, Y and Kageyama, S and Ishikawa, A and Ushiyama, T and Ohta, N and Suzuki, K and Kawabe, K},
title = {[Thiazide treatment for calcium urolithiasis in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica},
volume = {40},
number = {6},
pages = {479-483},
pmid = {8073954},
issn = {0018-1994},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/administration &amp; dosage/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*drug therapy ; },
abstract = {The prophylactic effect of hydrochlorothiazide on stone formation was studied in 66 patients with calcium urolithiasis, (49 men and 17 women between 25 and 76 years old, mean 52.2 +/- 11.7 years) due to idiopathic hypercalciuria. Urinary calcium excretion was significantly decreased during treatment when compared to the baseline value. The stone formation rate was also significantly reduced when compared with that before treatment. With regard to side effects, hyperuricemia was observed in 21 patients, hypokalemia in 9 patients, hypotension in 3 patients, and glycosuria in 4 patients. Thiazide treatment was concluded to be effective for preventing the recurrence of calcium stones in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. However, this therapy should be used only in conjunction with the careful monitoring of possible adverse reactions.},
}
@article {pmid8037001,
year = {1994},
author = {Oosterlinck, W and Verbeeck, R},
title = {Chemolysis of calcium containing urinary calculi. A review.},
journal = {Acta urologica Belgica},
volume = {62},
number = {2},
pages = {31-37},
pmid = {8037001},
issn = {0001-7183},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Citrates/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Edetic Acid/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; },
abstract = {A review of current literature and research on chemolysis of calcium containing urinary stones is made. The type of chemolytic solution is dependent upon the composition of the stone. Calcium phosphates can be desolved with Suby or Renadecin solution although it is often tedious and time consuming procedure. Calcium oxalate, the major urinary stone component, can not be dissolved by these solutions. EDTA and other strong calcium chelators cannot be used because of their local toxicity. Certain enzymes can digest the organic matrix of the stone. The indication to chemolysis of stones are rather restricted.},
}
@article {pmid8042505,
year = {1994},
author = {Lee, AJ and Chen, YH and Chu, ML and Chen, CH},
title = {[Effect of furosemide on renal magnesium and calcium excretion of different ages (II)].},
journal = {Zhonghua Minguo xiao er ke yi xue hui za zhi [Journal]. Zhonghua Minguo xiao er ke yi xue hui},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {215-220},
pmid = {8042505},
issn = {0001-6578},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Child ; Furosemide/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney/*drug effects/metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Male ; },
abstract = {Thirty normal students, including senior high, junior high and elementary school, were the subject for furosemide test. Ten cases, in each age group, were given oral furosemide 2 mg/kg for three consecutive days. The result showed there were increasing urinary magnesium and calcium excretion among the three different age groups after oral furosemide (P < 0.05). Successive increase of urinary magnesium and calcium excretion of senior high school students is more obvious than those of junior high and elementary school students. It is suggested that there is more effective action on renal magnesium and calcium excretion for senior high school students after oral furosemide than that for the junior high and elementary school students. It is obvious that increasing dosage of furosemide would induce more calcium excretion than magnesium excretion among students of the three age groups. Therefore, it encouraged to drink the proper amount of water to decrease the incidence of hypercalciuric stone when furosemide should be used.},
}
@article {pmid8043303,
year = {1994},
author = {Ioannoni, B and Chalmers, AH},
title = {Increased calcium absorption in nephrolithiasis explained by uptake studies in ileal brush border membrane vesicles.},
journal = {Biochemical medicine and metabolic biology},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {99-104},
doi = {10.1006/bmmb.1994.1014},
pmid = {8043303},
issn = {0885-4505},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Citrates/pharmacology ; Citric Acid ; Guinea Pigs ; Ileum/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Microvilli/metabolism ; Phosphates/pharmacology ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {We previously showed that recurrent calcium renal stone formers have enhanced urinary excretions of calcium and oxalate resulting from malabsorption of citrate. In the present investigation, the mechanism of the citrate-induced increased calcium uptake was studied using guinea pig ileal brush border membrane vesicles. In this model, calcium is absorbed in a concentration dependent, single mechanism uptake with a Km of 275 +/- 30 umol/liter (SD) and a Vmax of 4.0 +/- 0.5 nmol/min.mg protein. Under conditions of maximal calcium uptake, both citrate and phosphate inhibited calcium absorption into brush border membrane vesicles (BBMVs). In contrast, when phosphate and citrate were added together, calcium absorption normalized. Citrate inhibition of calcium absorption appeared to be due to free citrate ions, and phosphate ions overcame this inhibition. Phosphate inhibition was mostly due to decreased concentrations of ionized calcium and partly to precipitation of insoluble calcium phosphate. These studies confirm that the effects of citrate in humans in enhancing calcium absorption occur in the lumen of the gut and are not related to further biochemical conversions of citrate by the gut cells, to effects of citrate on calcium-related hormones, or to the renal handling of calcium. Also, the effects of citrate on increasing calcium absorption should be increased or attenuated in patients who malabsorb citrate, and this explains the increased urinary calcium and oxalate excretions reported for recurrent calcium stone formers.},
}
@article {pmid8036556,
year = {1994},
author = {Vagelli, G and Calabrese, G and Mazzotta, A and Pratesi, G and Gonella, M},
title = {[Arterial pressure in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Minerva urologica e nefrologica = The Italian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
pages = {69-71},
pmid = {8036556},
issn = {0393-2249},
mesh = {Blood Pressure/*physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; },
abstract = {Hypertension and calcium nephrolithiasis show some common features, such as the high prevalence of hypercalciuria and of elevated urinary sodium excretion. 28 patients with idiopathic calcium stone disease and 17 normals were studied: all the subjects were evaluated for the mean arterial pressure, and for the metabolic risk factors for calcium stone disease. The mean arterial pressure proved to be higher in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis than in normals. In normals the mean arterial pressure showed a direct relationship with the urinary calcium, while in the group of stone patients it had a direct relationship with the urinary sodium excretion. The lack of relationship between the mean arterial pressure and calcium excretion, in patients with calcium stones, suggests an impaired tubular calcium handling in such patients.},
}
@article {pmid8016998,
year = {1994},
author = {Golod, EA and Onishchenko, NA},
title = {[The importance of studies of calcium reabsorption and of the capacity of the blood plasma to inhibit Ca-ATPase activity for the diagnosis of the activity of the inflammatory process and for the prognosis of tubular function in patients with chronic pyelonephritis].},
journal = {Urologiia i nefrologiia},
volume = {},
number = {2},
pages = {19-22},
pmid = {8016998},
issn = {0042-1154},
mesh = {Absorption ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors/metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; *Clinical Enzyme Tests ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules/*physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Pyelonephritis/*diagnosis/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {The contribution of pyelonephritis activity to calcium reabsorption defects was investigated in 176 patients with chronic pyelonephritis (CP) aged 18-54 with normal tubular filtration and calcium serum concentrations under calcium reabsorption above 98%. 86 of these patients had CP complicated by nonocclusive pelvic stones. Ca-excretory capacity of the kidneys was evaluated with estimation of the excreted calcium by activity phases considering individual deviations or without them. Measurements were also made of CP activity and severity by the inhibition of Ca-ATPase activity of the microsomes isolated from rat intact kidneys. The findings indicate that in active CP calcium-reabsorption impairments related to the inflammation are combined with the preexisting ones, the changes being more pronounced with growing activity of the inflammation, irrespective of the presence of nephrolithiasis. The relationship established between the shifts in excreted calcium induced by inflammation and plasma ability of CP patients to inhibit Ca-ATPase activity of rat renal microsomes in single tests in the same patients allows assessment of calcium reabsorption changes due to CP activity in patients when analysing their blood inhibitory effect on the test enzyme system. Simultaneous one-stage determination in CP patients of their blood inhibition in response to the test enzyme system and excreted calcium helps prognosticate calcium reabsorption expected in remission.},
}
@article {pmid8002670,
year = {1994},
author = {Conte Visús, A and Ibarz Servio, L and Arrabal Martín, M and Ibarz Navarro, JM and Ruiz Marcellán, FJ},
title = {[Biochemical effects of potassium citrate in the treatment of calcium oxalate lithiasis].},
journal = {Archivos espanoles de urologia},
volume = {47},
number = {2},
pages = {141-150},
pmid = {8002670},
issn = {0004-0614},
mesh = {Adult ; *Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Citrates/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Citric Acid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*drug therapy/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The serum and urinary biochemical changes observed one month and six months after oral potassium citrate therapy (600 mEq/day) in 119 patients with calcium oxalate calculi were compared with those of 16 untreated cases with lithiasis. The patients that received treatment were previously divided into two groups: group A comprised 61 hypocitraturic patients and group B comprised 58 patients with other urinary disorders who were normo or hypocitraturic. The urinary pH increased by approximately half a point in both treated groups. In group A calciuria increased slightly from 180 +/- 8 to 216 +/- 10 mg/24 h but remained within the normal ranges. Creatinuria, oxaluria, uricosuria and diuresis showed no changes. Citraturia increased very significantly in both groups and more markedly in the hypocitraturic group of patients (from 198 +/- 13 to 476 +/- 35 mg/24 h). The LRC (lithogenic risk coefficient = Ca/Cit x Diu) dropped by 50%. The patients tolerated the treatment regimen well; of the 119 treated patients, only 11 abandoned treatment due to GI intolerance.},
}
@article {pmid8129741,
year = {1994},
author = {Stone, V and Johnson, GD and Wilton, JC and Coleman, R and Chipman, JK},
title = {Effect of oxidative stress and disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis on hepatocyte canalicular function in vitro.},
journal = {Biochemical pharmacology},
volume = {47},
number = {4},
pages = {625-632},
doi = {10.1016/0006-2952(94)90124-4},
pmid = {8129741},
issn = {0006-2952},
support = {//Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Actins/analysis ; Adenosine Triphosphate/analysis ; Animals ; Bile Canaliculi/*drug effects/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cytoskeleton/drug effects ; Fluorescence ; Glutathione/analysis ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Terpenes/pharmacology ; Thapsigargin ; Vitamin K/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Isolated rat hepatocyte couplets were used to study the effects of menadione and a rise in the intracellular concentration of calcium on biliary canalicular function. Canalicular function was assessed by counting the percentage of couplets which were able to accumulate the fluorescent cholephile, cholyl lysyl fluorescein (CLF) into the canalicular vacuole between the two cells. Menadione induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the canalicular vacuole accumulation (CVA) of CLF reaching 7.6 +/- 1.8% of control at 100 microM menadione. This disruption was not prevented by blocking receptor-operated calcium channels with Ni2+ (300 microM). The concentration range of menadione used did not deplete cellular ATP content. In contrast glutathione content was reduced to 52% of its control value by 100 microM menadione. A rise in cytosolic calcium induced by the calcium ionophore, A23187 (up to 30 microM) also disrupted CVA in a concentration-dependent manner. Release of endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores by thapsigargin (50 nM) affected the retention of canalicular contents to a much lesser extent, although it was able to stimulate a reduction in canalicular area to 40% of its original value, assumed to be due to canalicular contraction. Menadione (30 and 100 microM) reduced the fluorescence of phalloidin-FITC-labelled F-actin in both the total and pericanalicular cytoskeleton. Canalicular function was therefore disrupted by non-lethal concentrations of menadione via a mechanism which does not appear to involve ATP depletion or the entry of extracellular calcium, but is associated with a depletion of both cellular glutathione and F-actin. An increase in the concentration of intracellular calcium can stimulate canalicular contraction, and at relatively high concentrations calcium can also disrupt canalicular function.},
}
@article {pmid8197337,
year = {1994},
author = {Preminger, GM},
title = {Is there a need for medical evaluation and treatment of nephrolithiasis in the "age of lithotripsy"?.},
journal = {Seminars in urology},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {51-64},
pmid = {8197337},
issn = {0730-9147},
mesh = {Antacids/therapeutic use ; Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cation Exchange Resins/therapeutic use ; Cellulose/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Citrates/therapeutic use ; Citric Acid ; Cystinuria/metabolism/therapy ; Diuretics ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi/classification/complications/diagnosis/metabolism/physiopathology/therapy ; Lithotripsy ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Penicillamine/therapeutic use ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications/therapy ; Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid8141146,
year = {1994},
author = {Strazzullo, P and Mancini, M},
title = {Hypertension, calcium metabolism, and nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The American journal of the medical sciences},
volume = {307 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {S102-6},
pmid = {8141146},
issn = {0002-9629},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypertension/*complications/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; },
abstract = {Alterations in calcium metabolism have been detected in both human and rat primary hypertension at various levels of the biological organization; in particular, an abnormal renal electrolyte handling, leading to chronically enhanced urinary calcium excretion, has been demonstrated. In keeping with this finding, a significant statistical association between high blood pressure and prevalence of nephrolithiasis has been found in three independent population-based surveys. The first was carried out in the early 1960s in Goteborg, Sweden, on 895 50-year-old men, and showed a higher frequency of a positive history of nephrolithiasis with increasing blood pressure. The second and third studies were performed in Italy, one in the town of Gubbio, with screening of a representative sample (n = 3,431; 84%) of the adult population and the other in Pozzuoli, Naples, at the Olivetti factory, where 688 male workers (88% of the total male workforce) were examined. In both studies, the retrospectively evaluated relative risk of nephrolithiasis in hypertensive persons, after controlling for age, was significantly higher than in normotensive persons, with hypertension contributing by 18% to the overall rate of nephrolithiasis. Hypercalciuria is the most common risk factor for nephrolithiasis and, therefore, also a likely pathogenetic link between nephrolithiasis and hypertension. Dietary factors play an important contributory role in the prevention and treatment of these two widespread conditions, and a dietary approach, with particular regard to electrolyte intake, is a powerful tool for the prevention of hypertension-related kidney stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid8196582,
year = {1994},
author = {Sernia, O and Sardi, R and Girone, P and Vivalda, M and D'Amato, A and Basta, R},
title = {[Urolithiasis in infancy: medical therapy of calculosis and prevention of recurrences].},
journal = {Minerva pediatrica},
volume = {46},
number = {1-2},
pages = {33-43},
pmid = {8196582},
issn = {0026-4946},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Citrates/metabolism ; Diet Therapy ; Diuretics/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/*therapy ; Urography ; },
}
@article {pmid8196578,
year = {1994},
author = {Marangella, M and Cosseddu, D},
title = {[The pathogenetic basis of nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Minerva pediatrica},
volume = {46},
number = {1-2},
pages = {11-17},
pmid = {8196578},
issn = {0026-4946},
mesh = {Alanine Transaminase/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Citrates/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria, Primary/complications/enzymology/genetics ; Oxalates/metabolism/urine ; Uric Acid/chemistry/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid8127022,
year = {1994},
author = {Bushinsky, DA and Kim, M and Sessler, NE and Nakagawa, Y and Coe, FL},
title = {Increased urinary saturation and kidney calcium content in genetic hypercalciuric rats.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {45},
number = {1},
pages = {58-65},
doi = {10.1038/ki.1994.7},
pmid = {8127022},
issn = {0085-2538},
support = {AM 33949/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; AR 39906/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/urine ; Citrates/urine ; Citric Acid ; Female ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ions ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Male ; Osmolar Concentration ; Phosphorus/urine ; Rats ; Rats, Mutant Strains ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urine/chemistry ; },
abstract = {We have established a colony of genetic hypercalciuric (IH) rats as a model of idiopathic hypercalciuria in humans. To test the hypothesis that hypercalciuria can cause crystallization in kidneys through increased supersaturation, in the absence of confounding effects of diet and whatever complex inhibitor disorders underlay stone disease, we fed males and females of the 21st generation of IH rats 13 g per day of a low calcium (LCD, 0.02% Ca), followed by a normal calcium (NCD, 0.6% Ca) and then a high calcium (HCD, 1.2% Ca) diet, each for seven days. During the last 24 hours of each period complete urine collections were obtained and analyzed for all substances known to affect urinary calcium oxalate (CaOx) and brushite (CaHPO4) supersaturation. Relative supersaturation with respect to the solid phases of CaOx and CaHPO4 were then calculated. Compared to same gender controls (Ctl) urine calcium excretion was higher in the female IH rats on all diets and in the male IH rats on NCD and HCD. The female and male IH rats on NCD and HCD were supersaturated with respect to CaOx; however, the male and female Ctl were supersaturated with respect CaOx only on HCD. The female IH rats on NCD and HCD and the male IH rats on NCD were supersaturated with respect to CaHPO4; however, neither the male nor female Ctl rats were supersaturated with respect to CaHPO4 on any diet. On NCD and HCD urine supersaturation with respect to CaHPO4 by females exceeded that of males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid7970090,
year = {1994},
author = {Hess, B and Michel, R and Takkinen, R and Ackermann, D and Jaeger, P},
title = {Risk factors for low urinary citrate in calcium nephrolithiasis: low vegetable fibre intake and low urine volume to be added to the list.},
journal = {Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {642-649},
doi = {10.1093/ndt/9.6.642},
pmid = {7970090},
issn = {0931-0509},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Citrates/*urine ; Citric Acid ; Dietary Fiber/analysis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Urine ; },
abstract = {Risk factors for low urinary citrate excretion were assessed in 34 consecutive male recurrent idiopathic calcium stone formers (RCSF) who collected two 24-h urines while on free-choice diet. Overt hypocitraturia (hypo-cit) was defined as UCit x V < 1.70 mmol/day, and 'low' citraturia (low-cit) as UCit x V between 1.70 and 2.11 mmol/day. Twenty-three RCSF had normocitraturia (normo-cit), six low-cit and five hypo-cit. UCit x V positively correlated with urine volume (VOLUME, r = 0.44, P = 0.009), vegetable fibre intake (fibers, r = 0.46, P = 0.009) and GI-alkali absorption (alkali, r = 0.47, P = 0.006), and volume, fibres and alkali tended to be lower among RCSF with low-/hypo-cit. A 3-day NH4Cl loading test (0.95 mEq/kg BW daily in 3 doses) was performed in RCSF as well as in 14 age-matched healthy male controls (C). On a plot of urine pH versus serum bicarbonate, 10 of 11 RCSF with low-/hypo-cit, but only six of 23 with normo-cit (P = 0.0004) fell off the normal range, indicating incomplete RTA. Two or more risk factors simultaneously occurred in only four of 23 RCSF with normo-cit, but in eight of 11 with low-/hypo-cit (P = 0.002). In conclusion, incomplete RTA is the most prevalent risk factor for low-/hypo-cit in RCSF, and decreases in vegetable fibres and urine volume emerge as two new risk factors for low urinary CIT.},
}
@article {pmid7879315,
year = {1994},
author = {Strohmaier, WL and Seeger, RD and Osswald, H and Bichler, KH},
title = {Reduction of vitamin D induced stone formation by calcium.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {301-303},
pmid = {7879315},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcitriol/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*pharmacology ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects ; Kidney/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; Male ; Naphthyridines/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; },
abstract = {Investigations were carried out as to whether cytoprotective agents such as calcium antagonists can influence vitamin D induced nephrolithiasis. Increased vitamin D levels are found in 10-30% of all calcium oxalate stone formers. Male rats were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (DHCC) (n = 8), (2) 1,25-DHCC + calcium antagonist Goe 6070 (a new 1,4-dihydronaphthyridine, Goedecke, Berlin) (n = 8), or (3) control (n = 8). 1,25-DHCC was administered for 6 days (120 pmol/24 h s.c.), Goe 6070 (1 mg/kg/24 h) by gavage. Clearance studies were performed on day 6. Kidneys were taken for histological examination and determination of calcium tissue content. 1,25-DHCC induced substantial concrement formation, which could be significantly limited by Goe 6070. The calcium tissue content was also reduced (0.17 vs. 0.04 mg/100 mg dry weight). 1,25-DHCC induced a dramatic fall in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (3.84 ml/min per kilogram). This reduction could be almost completely inhibited by the concomitant application of Goe 6070 (9.4 ml/min per kilogram; control 10.7 ml/min per kilogram). Goe 6070 did not influence the calcium handling. The results demonstrate a protective effect of Goe 6070 on vitamin D induced nephrolithias. The histological pattern (intracellular and membrane-bound concretions) and the fact that biochemical parameters were not influenced significantly by Goe 6070 indicate that cellular proceses are important for 1,25-DHCC-induced nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid7860196,
year = {1994},
author = {Grases, F and Melero, G and Costa-Bauzá, A and Prieto, R and March, JG},
title = {Urolithiasis and phytotherapy.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {507-511},
pmid = {7860196},
issn = {0301-1623},
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; *Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Urinary Calculi/*therapy ; },
abstract = {The effects of seven plants with suspected application to prevent and treat stone kidney formation (Verbena officinalis, Lithospermum officinale, Taraxacum officinale, Equisetum arvense, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Arctium lappa and Silene saxifraga) have been studied using female Wistar rats. Variations of the main urolithiasis risk factors (citraturia, calciuria, phosphaturia, pH and diuresis) have been evaluated. It can be concluded that beneficial effects caused by these herb infusions on urolithiasis can be attributed to some disinfectant action, and tentatively to the presence of saponins. Specifically, some solvent action can be postulated with respect to uric stones or heterogeneous uric nucleus, due to the basifying capacity of some herb infusions. Nevertheless, for all the mentioned beneficial effects, more effective and equally innocuous substances are well known.},
}
@article {pmid7855314,
year = {1994},
author = {Boland, PS and Garland, HO},
title = {A paired tracer microinjection technique designed for assessment of single-nephron glucose-calcium interactions in the anesthetized rat.},
journal = {Renal failure},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {571-582},
doi = {10.3109/08860229409044886},
pmid = {7855314},
issn = {0886-022X},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Drug Interactions ; Glucose/*administration &amp; dosage/pharmacokinetics ; Inulin/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacokinetics ; Isotonic Solutions/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Microinjections/*methods ; Nephrons/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Ringer's Solution ; Thiopental/analogs &amp; derivatives ; Time Factors ; Tritium ; },
abstract = {The first part of this study evaluates a new paired microinjection technique for studying single-nephron permeability (in this case to calcium) following injection of 5-10 nL of a Ringer solution into a superficial proximal tubule. The mean difference in fractional 45Ca recovery from two identical microinjections into the same nephron site was 2.2 +/- 0.2% for 89 paired microinjections. Individual nephrons therefore normally show differences in calcium permeability with time. However, moment-to-moment variations in ion transport in any one nephron are in a random direction; differences cancel one another out if enough experiments are performed. The technique thus appears well suited to studies where comparisons are made between the acute nephron responses to two test solutions. It specifically overcomes problems of nephron heterogeneity seen in some other micropuncture techniques. The second part of this study uses the new technique to investigate the effects of a raised intratubular D-glucose concentration on single-nephron calcium transport. Urinary 45Ca recoveries from late proximal microinjections were significantly higher when D- (as opposed to L-) glucose was included in the injectate (6.87 +/- 0.88 vs. 5.24 +/- 0.50%; p < .02). The ability of D-glucose to depress tubular calcium reabsorption at distal nephron sites may contribute to the observed hypercalciuria following systemic D-glucose loading. It may also be relevant to the acute renal failure accompanying renal stone disease, where a relationship between hypercalciuria, urolithiasis, and the consumption of refined carbohydrates has been proposed.},
}
@article {pmid7825984,
year = {1994},
author = {Sakly, A and Achour, A and Zouaghi, H},
title = {[Does vitamin E protect against experimental lithiasis?].},
journal = {Annales d'urologie},
volume = {28},
number = {5},
pages = {265-267},
pmid = {7825984},
issn = {0003-4401},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/drug effects/ultrastructure ; Drug Synergism ; Epithelium/drug effects/pathology ; Free Radicals/adverse effects ; Kidney/drug effects/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; Kidney Tubules/drug effects/pathology ; Male ; Oxalates/adverse effects/metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Urea/blood/metabolism ; Vitamin A/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; Vitamin E/administration &amp; dosage/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {We have recently suggested that vitamin A could protect against experimental lithiasis by repairing tubular membrane cells or protection against membrane damage caused by free radicals generated during experimental lithiasis. Although vitamin E treatment demonstrated no beneficial effect on stone formation, it promoted the repair mechanism by vitamin A during experimental lithiasis and by supported the hypothesis that oxalate crystals may be destructive to renal epithelium because they are large and irregular.},
}
@article {pmid7783695,
year = {1994},
author = {Breslau, NA},
title = {Pathogenesis and management of hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Mineral and electrolyte metabolism},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {328-339},
pmid = {7783695},
issn = {0378-0392},
support = {MO1-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-AM20543/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney/physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*physiopathology/*therapy ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/diagnosis/*physiopathology/*therapy ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria has long been recognized as an important metabolic derangement associated with the formation of calcareous renal stones. Hypercalciuria increases the saturation of the urine with respect to stone-forming salts and reduces inhibitor activity. There is now ample evidence that 'idiopathic hypercalciuria' is a heterogeneous disorder, comprising several entities including absorptive, renal and resorptive forms of hypercalciuria. Absorptive hypercalciuria is the most common variety, and recent studies suggest that in a large subset of these patients, increased intestinal calcium absorption is caused by increased production of calcitriol or greater sensitivity to calcitriol (e.g. upregulation of vitamin D receptors). Reduced spinal bone density found in these patients may relate to increased action of calcitriol on bone or to other factors. Since patients with vitamin D-dependent absorptive hypercalciuria may develop negative calcium balance when placed on diets restricted in calcium, therapy is shifting from severe dietary calcium restriction and sodium cellulose phosphate (calcium-binding resin) to thiazides and orthophosphates, which promote calcium retention. For each form of hypercalciuria, selective therapy should provide the best results.},
}
@article {pmid7747155,
year = {1994},
author = {Messa, P and Mioni, G and Paganin, L and Cruciatti, A and Greco, PL and Turrin, D},
title = {Urinary citrate, bone resorption and intestinal alkali absorption in stone formers with fasting hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Scanning microscopy},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {531-8; discussion 538-9},
pmid = {7747155},
issn = {0891-7035},
mesh = {Adult ; Alkalies/*pharmacokinetics ; Bone Resorption/blood/*urine ; Calcitonin/blood ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/blood/*urine ; Citrates/*urine ; Citric Acid ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/urine ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Urinary Calculi/blood/*urine ; },
abstract = {Reduced citrate in urine and increased fasting excretion of calcium are abnormalities frequently reported in stone forming (SF) patients. Increased dietary acid (or reduced alkali) introduction or absorption may be a potential cause of both these pathological findings. To test this hypothesis, we studied 64 SF patients (32 with fasting hypercalciuria (FH) and 32 without FH (NFH)). After a basal evaluation for nephrolithiasis, while on a 500 mg calcium diet, they were evaluated for: (1) daily intestinal alkali absorption (IAA), by urinary electrolyte excretion; (2) basal concentrations of PTH, calcitonin (CT) and 1,25(OH)2-VitD; (3) oral calcium load for evaluation of changes in calcium and hydroxyproline urinary excretions; (4) intestinal calcium absorption (18 patients), with double curve analysis (stable Sr as tracer); and (5) changes in citrate excretion after an alkali load (50 mEq of a mixture of calcium gluconate, lactate and carbonate) in 10 patients. The results demonstrated: (1) FH stone formers had reduced citrate excretion and lower mean IAA levels than NFH stone formers; (2) FH stone formers also had higher bone resorption levels with lower PTH and higher CT levels; (3) IAA levels were related to both citrate excretion and bone turnover indices; and (4) the increases in citrate excretion after oral alkali load were strictly related to basal IAA values (index of alkali absorption and/or generation after oral load), demonstrating that a different absorptive capacity of alkali rather than a different dietary content may underlie these metabolic abnormalities.},
}
@article {pmid7704788,
year = {1994},
author = {Khatchadourian, J and Pak, CY},
title = {Nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Current therapy in endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {528-532},
pmid = {7704788},
issn = {0831-652X},
support = {M01-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-DK20543/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate ; Cellulose/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Cystine ; Diet ; Diuretics ; Female ; Gout/physiopathology/therapy ; Humans ; Ion Exchange Resins ; Kidney Calculi/classification/physiopathology/*therapy ; Male ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid7511725,
year = {1994},
author = {Gøtzsche, LS and Pedersen, EM},
title = {Dose-dependent cardiotoxic effect of amiodarone in cardioplegic solutions correlates with loss of dihydropyridine binding sites: in vitro evidence for a potentially lethal interaction with procaine.},
journal = {Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {13-23},
doi = {10.1097/00005344-199401000-00003},
pmid = {7511725},
issn = {0160-2446},
mesh = {Amiodarone/administration &amp; dosage/*toxicity ; Animals ; Binding Sites/drug effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channels/drug effects ; Cardioplegic Solutions/*therapeutic use ; Dihydropyridines/*metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Interactions ; Electrocardiography/drug effects ; Heart/*drug effects ; Hemodynamics/drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Injections, Intravenous ; Microscopy, Electron ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Myocardium/metabolism/pathology ; Procaine/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects/metabolism ; Swine ; },
abstract = {Increasing evidence suggests that amiodarone treatment may represent a potential risk in patients exposed to cardiac surgery. Conversely, amiodarone has been suggested to be beneficial as an additive to cardioplegic solutions, but its use has not been tried in vivo. We evaluated hemodynamic, ECG, and possible toxicologic effects of amiodarone when added to the cardioplegic solution. Pigs weighing (70 +/- 2 kg, n = 24) were exposed to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and hypothermic cardiac arrest for 1 h with Bretschneider's (BS) or St. Thomas' Hospital (St. Th.) cardioplegic solution. Amiodarone or the solvent was added to the solutions. Only pigs receiving the lowest dose of amiodarone (0.028 mg/g tissue) could be weaned from bypass. Higher doses resulted in graded myocardial contractures without recovery of electrical activity. Electron microscopy showed severely disintegrated myocytes and swollen mitochondria in amiodarone-exposed hearts. No changes in equilibrium binding characteristics were observed for beta-adrenoceptors, whereas maximum binding capacity (MBC) and receptor affinity for voltage-operated Ca2+ channels were dose-dependently decreased (mean 73%, p < 0.0005; 105%; p < 0.05). Ca2+ paradoxlike findings similar to those in pigs were inducible in isolated, in vitro perfused rat heart exposed to normothermic or hypothermic chemical arrest with BS and amiodarone. This model was therefore used to evaluate whether the observed myocardial damage was associated with excessive tissue Ca2+ accumulation. Addition of amiodarone to BS was associated with a significant increase in 45Ca2+ content in the heart, irrespective of temperature. Only 2 of 13 hearts recovered some degree of mechanical activity during reperfusion. When procaine (an antiarrhythmic drug with membrane-stabilizing properties, an effect that is potentiated by amiodarone) was removed from BS, 45Ca2+ accumulation did not differ from that in controls and mechanical activity recovered fully in 7 of 8 hearts. In conclusion, amiodarone added to Ca(2+)-free as well as Ca(2+)-containing cardioplegic solutions led to dose-dependent myocardial damage at reperfusion, irrespective of temperature. In parallel with clinical features was a reduction in maximum binding capacity and a decrease in affinity for the Ca2+ channel antagonist. Removal of procaine from BS prevented excessive Ca2+ accumulation and mechanical deterioration in isolated heart. We hypothesize that amiodarone administered under the conditions described may change the configuration of the Ca2+ channel, rendering it more permeable to Ca2+. Pharmacologic interaction between amiodarone and procaine apparently is at least partly responsible for the increased Ca2+ uptake and the stone-heart phenomenon during reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid8306068,
year = {1993},
author = {Connolly, GP and Harrison, PJ and Stone, TW},
title = {Action of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides on the rat superior cervical ganglion.},
journal = {British journal of pharmacology},
volume = {110},
number = {4},
pages = {1297-1304},
pmid = {8306068},
issn = {0007-1188},
mesh = {Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Purine Nucleotides/*pharmacology ; Pyrimidine Nucleotides/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Purinergic/physiology ; Superior Cervical Ganglion/*drug effects/physiology ; Uridine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {1. Using a grease-gap technique, we have investigated the effects of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides on the d.c. potential of the rat isolated superior cervical ganglion (SCG). 2. Of the purines tested, adenosine, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), beta,gamma-methylene-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (beta,gamma-MeATP) at up to 300 microM produced concentration-dependent hyperpolarizations, whereas 2-methyl-thio-ATP (2-Me.S.ATP) and alpha,beta-methylene-ATP (alpha,beta-MeATP) depolarized ganglia. Of the pyrimidines tested, uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) produced concentration-dependent depolarizations and cytosine 5'-triphosphate (CTP) at 1000 microM produced considerably smaller but significant depolarizations. In contrast uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP) at 1000 microM hyperpolarized ganglia. The relative order of potency of purines and pyrimidines to depolarize ganglia was: UTP > alpha,beta-MeATP >> CTP > 2-Me.S.ATP and to hyperpolarize ganglia was: adenosine = beta,gamma-MeATP > ATP > UMP. 3. The ability of purines and pyrimidines to alter the depolarizing response caused by muscarine and of purines to alter depolarization induced by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was determined. The relative order of potency of nucleotides in depressing submaximal depolarization caused by muscarine (100 nM) was: adenosine = ATP > beta,gamma-MeATP whereas 2-Me.S.ATP, alpha,beta-MeATP and UTP did not significantly alter depolarization caused by muscarine. At 100 microM beta,gamma-MeATP and adenosine but not ATP potentiated GABA-induced depolarizations. 4. Hyperpolarizations caused by adenosine, ATP, beta,gamma-MeATP and UMP and depolarizations caused by alpha,beta-MeATP were enhanced in medium containing reduced concentrations of calcium (0.1 mM) and potassium (2 mM). In this medium 8-phenyltheophylline abolished hyperpolarizations caused by adenosine and reversed hyperpolarizations caused by ATP into depolarizations. Suramin (300 microM), a P2-purinoceptor antagonist, significantly reduced the depolarizing response caused by alpha,beta-MeATP and significantly increased hyperpolarizations caused by ATP and Beta,gamma-MeATP. Suramin (300 microM) did not significantly alter depolarizations caused by l,l-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (10 microM), potassium(3 mM) or muscarine (100 nM) and significantly potentiated depolarizations caused by UTP (100 microM).5.It is concluded that the rat SCG contains PI-purinoceptors that hyperpolarize the ganglion and diminish sensitivity to muscarine, and P2X-purinoceptors that depolarize the SCG. There is also some evidence to suggest the presence of receptors for UTP, i.e., pyrimidinoceptors, which depolarize SCG neurones.},
}
@article {pmid8411406,
year = {1993},
author = {Rothwell, PJ and Green, R and Blacklock, NJ and Kavanagh, JP},
title = {Does fish oil benefit stone formers?.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {150},
number = {5 Pt 1},
pages = {1391-1394},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)35787-7},
pmid = {8411406},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/metabolism ; Fish Oils/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Olive Oil ; Plant Oils/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recurrence ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {The possibility that dietary fish oil supplementation may benefit patients with hypercalciuric urolithiasis by decreasing calcium excretion and enhancing protective mechanisms has been studied in rats and humans. In experiments on rats in metabolic cages, fish oil inhibited experimental nephrocalcinosis induced by intraperitoneal calcium gluconate. There were no significant changes in urinary biochemistry. In a clinical study on 18 hypercalciuric recurrent stone patients fish oil significantly decreased urinary calcium excretion. This effect was accompanied by decreases in the excretion of magnesium and citrate. Oxalate excretion and urinary fibrinolytic activity were unchanged. Overall, fish oil had a limited impact on the risk profile for recurrent urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid8407986,
year = {1993},
author = {Jenkins, AL and Bootman, MD and Taylor, CW and Mackie, EJ and Stone, SR},
title = {Characterization of the receptor responsible for thrombin-induced intracellular calcium responses in osteoblast-like cells.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {268},
number = {28},
pages = {21432-21437},
pmid = {8407986},
issn = {0021-9258},
support = {//Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies/immunology ; Blotting, Northern ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Osteoblasts/immunology/*metabolism ; Peptides/pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Thrombin/*drug effects/metabolism ; Thrombin/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The receptor responsible for the increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) after the addition of thrombin to the human osteoblast-like cell line Saos-2 has been characterized. Thrombin caused a dose-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i; a half-maximal stimulation was observed with 3.2 +/- 1.1 nM thrombin. The human platelet thrombin receptor is activated by thrombin cleavage to create a new NH2 terminus that acts as a tethered ligand, and peptides based on the tethered ligand can activate the receptor independently of thrombin. Northern analysis indicated the presence of mRNA encoding the platelet receptor in Saos-2 cells, and surface expression of the receptor was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry. A tethered ligand peptide (SFLLRNPNDKYEPF, single-letter amino acid code) was found to increase [Ca2+]i. The maximal response to the peptide was similar to that observed with thrombin, and a half-maximal response was observed with 22 +/- 6 microM peptide. The time course of the increase in [Ca2+]i with the peptide was different than that observed with thrombin; a pronounced shoulder was observed after an initial sharp rise. The phenylalanine in the second position of the agonist peptide and the arginine in the fifth position were shown to be essential for its activity. The requirement for proteolysis of the receptor for the thrombin-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i was demonstrated by two methods. Antibodies that reacted with the cleavage site of the receptor abolished the effect of thrombin on [Ca2+]i. In addition, a mutant of thrombin without catalytic activity as well as chemically inactivated thrombin failed to cause an increase in [Ca2+]i. Similar results were obtained with the rat osteoblast-like cell line UMR-106; a tethered ligand peptide based on the rat sequence induced an increase in [Ca2+]i, and antibodies to the cleavage site of the rat receptor inhibited the effect of thrombin.},
}
@article {pmid8408454,
year = {1993},
author = {Reasner, CA and Stone, MD and Hosking, DJ and Ballah, A and Mundy, GR},
title = {Acute changes in calcium homeostasis during treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism with risedronate.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {77},
number = {4},
pages = {1067-1071},
doi = {10.1210/jcem.77.4.8408454},
pmid = {8408454},
issn = {0021-972X},
support = {RR-01346/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Aged ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; Analysis of Variance ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism ; Etidronic Acid/administration &amp; dosage/*analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Female ; Homeostasis/drug effects ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/urine ; Hyperparathyroidism/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/drug effects/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Postmenopause ; Risedronic Acid ; },
abstract = {We administered risedronate, a potent oral bisphosphonate, to patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism in order to 1) determine if we could normalize the serum calcium concentration in the short term, and 2) analyze changes in the homeostatic mechanisms responsible for maintaining hypercalcemia in this patient population. When administered for 7 days, risedronate reduced fasting serum calcium concentrations without significant toxicity in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The decrease in serum calcium was accompanied by evidence of inhibition of bone resorption, as assessed by measurement of urinary hydroxyproline, increased serum immunoreactive PTH concentrations, enhanced renal tubular reabsorption of calcium, and a progressive decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase. Serum PTH was partially suppressed by an oral calcium load in untreated patients as well as in patients treated with risedronate. Although patients treated with risedronate had normal fasting serum calcium levels, serum calcium values in these normocalcemic patients were labile after oral ingestion of calcium. After daily calcium intake of 2 g, serum calcium levels in risedronate-treated patients were similar to those in untreated patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, suggesting that there are likely to be fluctuations in serum calcium in risedronate-treated patients with normal fasting serum calcium during postprandial periods. These studies show that risedronate lowers fasting serum calcium during short term treatment. However, further studies are required to determine whether the lability in serum calcium in these patients after an oral calcium load has clinical significance, and whether longer term treatment would maintain serum calcium in the normal range.},
}
@article {pmid8228200,
year = {1993},
author = {MacGregor, GA and Cappuccio, FP},
title = {The kidney and essential hypertension: a link to osteoporosis?.},
journal = {Journal of hypertension},
volume = {11},
number = {8},
pages = {781-785},
doi = {10.1097/00004872-199308000-00003},
pmid = {8228200},
issn = {0263-6352},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/physiology/urine ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; Hormones/physiology ; Humans ; Hypertension/*complications/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Kidney/*physiopathology ; *Models, Biological ; Osteoporosis/*etiology ; Plasma Substitutes/pharmacology ; Sodium, Dietary/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Abnormalities of calcium metabolism independent of changes in intracellular calcium have been described in patients with essential hypertension. These include increased urinary calcium excretion for a given salt intake, a raised parathyroid hormone level, an increase in urinary cyclic AMP, a tendency for a low serum ionized calcium level, a raised 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level and an increased intestinal calcium reabsorption. These changes have been seen as a consequence of a primary renal calcium leak.<br><br>HYPOTHESIS: We propose that these changes are secondary to a genetic defect in the ability of the kidney to excrete sodium. On the high salt intake in most Western countries (i.e. approximately 170 mmol/day sodium) compensatory mechanisms occur to try to overcome this defect. These compensatory mechanisms are responsible for the rise in blood pressure, but also cause an increase in central blood volume which is the direct cause of the increase in urinary calcium excretion. This causes a slightly negative calcium balance, and the other abnormalities of calcium metabolism can then be seen as a compensatory response to try to restore calcium balance to normal.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This hypothesis explains the increase in kidney stones in essential hypertension and predicts that hypertensives, in the long term, will be more likely to develop bone demineralization (osteoporosis), as has been demonstrated in some animal models of hypertension. Increases in salt intake will not only cause a further rise in blood pressure, but will also increase urinary calcium excretion and aggravate the other abnormalities. A moderate reduction in salt intake from 170 to 70 mmol/day will lower the blood pressure and will tend to correct the abnormalities of calcium metabolism. It should simultaneously reduce the incidence of renal stones and the long-term risk of bone demineralization.},
}
@article {pmid7691824,
year = {1993},
author = {Connolly, GP and Stone, TW},
title = {Ionic mechanism of action of adenosine on the rat superior cervical ganglion.},
journal = {Journal of autonomic pharmacology},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {291-302},
doi = {10.1111/j.1474-8673.1993.tb00277.x},
pmid = {7691824},
issn = {0144-1795},
mesh = {Adenosine/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Barium/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/physiology ; Cell Polarity/drug effects/physiology ; Chloride Channels/physiology ; Depression, Chemical ; Extracellular Space/chemistry ; Ion Channels/drug effects/physiology ; Lithium/pharmacology ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects/physiology ; Muscarine/pharmacology ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Potassium/metabolism ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Muscarinic/physiology ; Superior Cervical Ganglion/*drug effects/physiology ; },
abstract = {1. The ionic mechanism responsible for hyperpolarization of the rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and depression of the depolarizing response to muscarine by adenosine was studied using an extracellular grease-gap recording technique. 2. Both the hyperpolarizations to adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine and the depression of the response to muscarine by adenosine were potentiated in reduced external calcium (Ca2+). Hyperpolarizations to adenosine were either unaltered or potentiated in the presence of the dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonists, nitrendipine or (+)PN200 110 respectively. Hyperpolarizations to adenosine were unaltered by inorganic Ca2+ channel antagonists except for cobalt, which also antagonized hyperpolarizations to carbachol and depolarizations to muscarine. 3. Hyperpolarizations to adenosine were unaltered in nominally magnesium (Mg2+)-free or in reduced external chloride (Cl-) media. When sodium ions (Na+) were replaced by lithium ions (Li+) maximal responses to adenosine were initially enhanced, returning to pretreatment levels and subsequently reduced in their duration. In contrast, responses to adenosine were significantly enhanced in nominally potassium (K+)-free medium and reduced upon doubling the extracellular K+. 4. Hyperpolarizations were enhanced in the presence of the K+ channel antagonists, 4-aminopyridine and 3,4-diaminopyridine, and reduced by a low concentration (2 mM) of tetraethylammonium (TEA), but not in 10 mM TEA. 5. The results support the hypothesis that adenosine-mediated hyperpolarization of postganglionic neurones of the rat SCG is by a Ca(2+)-independent mechanism and is probably mediated via an increase of a K+ current. The results also indicate that adenosine-induced hyperpolarizations of the rat SCG are independent of the presence of extracellular magnesium.},
}
@article {pmid7505340,
year = {1993},
author = {Allen, SP and Darley-Usmar, VM and McCormack, JG and Stone, D},
title = {Changes in mitochondrial matrix free calcium in perfused rat hearts subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation.},
journal = {Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology},
volume = {25},
number = {8},
pages = {949-958},
doi = {10.1006/jmcc.1993.1107},
pmid = {7505340},
issn = {0022-2828},
mesh = {Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Death/drug effects ; Cell Hypoxia/*physiology ; Creatine Kinase/metabolism ; Fura-2/pharmacology ; Male ; Mitochondria, Heart/*metabolism ; Myocardium/cytology/metabolism ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Perfusion ; Rats ; Ruthenium Red/pharmacology ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence ; },
abstract = {Reperfusion or reoxygenation of ischaemic or hypoxic cardiac tissue results in increases in total cell calcium and cell lysis both of which are dependent on mitochondrial function. Although changes which occur during this period of exposure of the tissue to hypoxia predispose the heart to take up calcium on reoxygenation, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. In the present study we have investigated the effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on the concentration of intramitochondrial (matrix) free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]m) using mitochondria loaded in the intact heart with fura-2. During periods of up to 80 min hypoxia, total tissue calcium content was unchanged. Over this period [Ca2+]m rose from an initial value of 156 +/- 26 nM to 360 +/- 33 nM and 574 +/- 62 nM at 50 and 80 min of hypoxia, respectively; values that are within the expected physiological range for [Ca2+]m. Reoxygenation after 50 min hypoxia resulted in no further change in [Ca2+]m whereas reoxygenation after 80 min hypoxia resulted in a 10-fold increase in this parameter. These results provide clear evidence that [Ca2+]m increases during hypoxia and suggest that the ability of the cell to maintain Ca2+ homeostasis is lost on reoxygenation after prolonged hypoxia with the result that [Ca2+]m exceeds the normal physiological range.},
}
@article {pmid8362684,
year = {1993},
author = {Kanematsu, A and Segawa, T and Kakehi, Y and Takeuchi, H},
title = {[Multiple calcium oxalate stone formation in a patient with glycogen storage disease type I (von Gierke's disease) and renal tubular acidosis type I: a case report].},
journal = {Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica},
volume = {39},
number = {7},
pages = {645-648},
pmid = {8362684},
issn = {0018-1994},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/*complications ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*analysis ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type I/*complications ; Humans ; Male ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {A case of multiple urinary stones in a patient with glycogen storage disease type 1 (GSD-1) is reported. In spite of the presence of hyperuricemia, these stones did not consist of uric acid, but mainly of calcium oxalate. Laboratory studies revealed distal renal tubular acidosis and hypocitraturia, but no significant abnormality in calcium metabolism. We discussed the mechanism of calcium stone formation in our case, and its prophylactic treatment by oral administration of citrate compound.},
}
@article {pmid8339454,
year = {1993},
author = {Licata, AA},
title = {From bathtub ring to osteoporosis: a clinical review of the bisphosphonates.},
journal = {Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine},
volume = {60},
number = {4},
pages = {284-290},
doi = {10.3949/ccjm.60.4.284},
pmid = {8339454},
issn = {0891-1150},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy ; Diphosphonates/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Etidronic Acid/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/drug therapy ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy ; Osteitis Deformans/drug therapy ; Osteoporosis/*drug therapy ; Pamidronate ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Etidronate and pamidronate are bisphosphonates, a class of chemical compounds originally used to soften hard water and prevent soap scum. Etidronate was serendipitously found to abate calcification in a child with myositis ossificans progressiva.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Review the basic pharmacology of these compounds, as well as clinical uses of the approved and nonapproved forms.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Etidronate is approved for the treatment of hypercalcemia, Paget's disease of bone, and ectopic calcification, and has been used to treat hyperparathyroidism and nephrolithiasis with limited success. Recently it has been used to treat osteoporosis. Pamidronate is approved to treat hypercalcemia. These two drugs are the only bisphosphonates available in the United States.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trials with etidronate have aroused widespread interest in the application of bisphosphonates to treat osteoporosis. Many trials are underway to evaluate these new drugs. More information will be available within the next 5 years.},
}
@article {pmid8506524,
year = {1993},
author = {Hellman, P and Ohrvall, U and Rudberg, C and Bjerneroth, G and Juhlin, C and Grimelius, L and Ridefelt, P and Akerström, G and Rastad, J},
title = {Incidence, structure, and function of enlarged parathyroid glands discovered accidentally during thyroid surgery.},
journal = {Surgery},
volume = {113},
number = {6},
pages = {655-661},
pmid = {8506524},
issn = {0039-6060},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcium/blood/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/etiology ; Hypertrophy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/*pathology ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Thyroid Gland/surgery ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Operation on rare patients with mainly a severe renal stone disease and considerably elevated urinary calcium excretion has substantiated the association of parathyroid gland abnormalities with normocalcemia. This study examines incidence, structure, and functional characteristics of enlarged parathyroid glands of patients with normocalcemia scheduled for thyroid surgery.<br><br>METHODS: Eleven enlarged parathyroid glands weighing 110 to 1000 mg were discovered in 9 (1.5%) of 594 patients with normocalcemia undergoing thyroid operation. The preoperative total serum calcium concentration was 2.30 to 2.52 mmol/L and less than 2.38 mmol/L in four of the nine patients. Intact serum parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels were elevated in only one individual, and all patients showed normal serum creatinine values.<br><br>RESULTS: All but three of the 11 enlarged parathyroid glands exhibited microscopic abnormality on routine histopathologic examination, including staining for cytoplasmic fat with oil red 0. Immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody recognizing the functionally important calcium receptor of the parathyroid cell surface and analysis of the calcium-regulated cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration of dispersed parathyroid cells substantiated that only a single gland of 130 mg had no discernible functional abnormality.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The findings underline the diagnostic difficulties of parathyroid histopathology and support the presence of disturbed parathyroid hormone secretion even in normocalcemic patients with enlarged parathyroid glands. The functional derangement of these glands substantiates the indication for their surgical excision even in patients exhibiting midnormal serum calcium concentrations, although their possible contribution to the development of a clinically overt hyperparathyroidism can only be speculated.},
}
@article {pmid8370982,
year = {1993},
author = {Kinami, Y and Matsushita, M and Kita, I and Kurihara, T and Mizukami, M},
title = {Movement of intrapancreatic calcium in dogs with experimental pancreatic lithiasis. With special reference to the process of pancreatic calculus formation.},
journal = {International journal of pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {221-229},
pmid = {8370982},
issn = {0169-4197},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calculi/*metabolism/pathology ; Chronic Disease ; Dogs ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pancreas/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Pancreatic Diseases/*metabolism/pathology ; },
abstract = {This study was performed to clarify the movement of calcium in the pancreas of dogs with chronic pancreatitis, using scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM, TEM) equipped with X-ray elemental microanalyzers. Eleven adult mongrel dogs underwent incomplete ligation of the pancreatic duct. After the procedure, the levels of pancreatic enzymes in the serum did not change for 9 mo, but the endocrine function was reduced gradually. Of all dogs, 5 revealed pancreatic sclerosis, and 2 at 9 mo had calculi, 2-4 mm in size, in the small pancreatic duct. SEM examination revealed the intralobular fibrosis and irregularity of the pancreatic duct wall, and TEM examination revealed the intralobular fibrosis and irregularity of the pancreatic duct wall, and TEM examination demonstrated the amorphous or crystalloid substances and secreted granules in the acinar lumen or ductule. In elemental analysis spectra using SEM, a high calcium peak was seen in the pancreatic duct wall. In elemental analysis spectra using TEM, a high calcium peak was observed in the amorphous or crystalloid substances, and a high ratio of Ca/K was seen in these substances. Calcium was also detected in the secreted granules or microvilli. These results suggest that there is a process of calculus formation based on the congregation of the intraductular substances containing a large quantity of calcium.},
}
@article {pmid8342251,
year = {1993},
author = {Tiselius, HG and Larsson, L},
title = {Calcium phosphate: an important crystal phase in patients with recurrent calcium stone formation?.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {175-180},
pmid = {8342251},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Urine/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Stone and urine composition were analysed in 75 men and 40 women with recurrent calcium oxalate stone disease (group R) and in 48 men and 19 women who had formed only one calcium-oxalate-containing stone (group S). Patients who had developed stones with a large fraction of calcium phosphate were significantly more frequent in group R than in group S. There was furthermore a higher excretion of calcium and higher calcium oxalate supersaturation levels in patients with stones containing more than 25% calcium phosphate. It was concluded from these observations that the calcium phosphate content of renal stones might be a useful factor in predicting the future course of the disease.},
}
@article {pmid8515641,
year = {1993},
author = {Maruyama, Y and Hirata, N and Yamada, H and Sasaki, K and Motomiya, Y and Hirao, Y and Okajima, E},
title = {[A study on markers of bone metabolism in patients with non hypercalciuric calcium stone--measurement of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid and hydroxyproline].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {84},
number = {3},
pages = {541-545},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1989.84.541},
pmid = {8515641},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {1-Carboxyglutamic Acid/*analysis ; Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers/*analysis ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/*analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Thirty-one patients (26 male and 5 female patients) of non-hypercalciuric Ca stone formers were studied concerning their bone metabolism. We measured plasma free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, plasma hydroxyproline, urinary free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid and urinary hydroxyproline as markers of bone metabolism. Plasma free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid level showed significantly higher in stone formers than normal controls (1.01 +/- 0.37 nmol/ml vs 0.39 +/- 0.13 nmol/ml). But no significant difference were observed in plasma hydroxyproline level (1.99 +/- 0.73 micrograms/ml vs 2.27 +/- 0.92 micrograms/ml), urinary free gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (52.0 +/- 17.6 nmol/mg.Cr vs 45.7 +/- 9.8 nmol/mg.Cr), and urinary hydroxyproline (3.87 +/- 2.02 micrograms/mg.Cr vs 3.33 +/- 1.63 micrograms/mg.Cr). In conclusion, these results suggest that abnormality of bone metabolism may be not a primary event in causing stone formation in these patients.},
}
@article {pmid8396406,
year = {1993},
author = {Rattan, V and Thind, SK and Jethi, RK and Nath, R},
title = {Intestinal absorption of calcium and oxalate in magnesium-deficient rats.},
journal = {Magnesium research},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {3-10},
pmid = {8396406},
issn = {0953-1424},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines/ultrastructure ; Kinetics ; Magnesium Deficiency/*metabolism ; Male ; Microvilli/metabolism ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism ; Triglycerides/metabolism ; },
abstract = {To examine the contribution of exogenous calcium and oxalate in magnesium deficiency, intestinal absorption of both calcium and oxalate was studied by preparing brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Purity of the BBMV was ascertained biochemically by enrichment of the marker enzyme alkaline phosphatase by 14-fold with a concomitant 90 per cent decrease in the basolateral marker enzyme Na+/K(+)-ATPase in the purified membrane preparation as compared to the respective homogenate in both the groups. Uptake studies were carried out by a rapid filtration technique. The kinetics were studied by measuring the rate of influx as a function of concentration (0.1-1.0 mM). BBMV from both the groups showed a linear positive relationship between the uptake rate and the concentration for both calcium and oxalate, thereby demonstrating that calcium and oxalate are transported through intestinal microvillus membrane by a simple passive diffusion process. However, the rate of uptake of calcium and oxalate was significantly higher in the magnesium-deficient group as compared to the pair-fed control group, as shown by the increase in the slope line for both calcium and oxalate (for calcium, control = 3.88, deficient = 5.86; for oxalate, control = 4.41, deficient = 7.20). Analysis of the lipid composition of the BBM revealed a significant decrease in the cholesterol content (P < 0.01) with a concomitant increase in the triglycerides (P < 0.01) and total fatty acid content (P < 0.001) in the magnesium-deficient group. Thus the results indicate that, although the mechanism of translocation of calcium and oxalate in the intestine is similar in the two groups, magnesium deficiency leads to hyperabsorption of both the ligands through alterations in the lipid composition of the membrane, thereby increasing the risk of stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid8316811,
year = {1993},
author = {Kotake, T and Miura, N and Ito, H},
title = {Renal tubular hypouricemia and calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {Scanning microscopy},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {417-421},
pmid = {8316811},
issn = {0891-7035},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Tubules ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Uric Acid/*blood ; Urinary Calculi/*blood ; },
abstract = {The information concerning the relationship of hypouricemia with urinary tract stones is limited. We investigated the incidence and types of hypouricemia, and also studied its relationship to urinary tract stones. Hypouricemia was detected in 3 out of 1520 outpatients (0.20%). The loading tests using pyrazinamide, probenecid and benzbromarone showed that uric acid absorption was impaired before tubular secretion in two cases and incomplete postsecretory reabsorption in one case. Complication of urinary tract stone was found in two cases. The composition of the stones was mixed calcium oxalate and uric acid. Hypouricemia should be recognized as one of the causes of kidney stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid7926397,
year = {1993},
author = {Robles-Páramo, A and Chavez de los Rios, JM and Cano, LA and Cornejo, TR},
title = {[Usefulness of oral calcium test in renal lithiasis].},
journal = {Gaceta medica de Mexico},
volume = {129},
number = {2},
pages = {151-155},
pmid = {7926397},
issn = {0016-3813},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnosis/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/urine ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; },
abstract = {We report the results of an oral tolerance test performed in 317 patients with kidney stones. In order to avoid PTH or AMPc measurements, and therefore to reduce costs and time to get the results, we measured the tubular maxima of phosphate per glomerular filtration rate (TmP04/GFR, the phosphate threshold). Urine collections from 7 to 9 h and from 9 to 13 h were obtained. The samples were analyzed for calcium, creatinine and phosphorus content. All patients ingested 1 g of calcium mixed in a meal at 9 o'clock. Venous blood samples were obtained for calcium, creatinine and phosphorus measurements, previous to the calcium ingestion. Urinary calcium to creatinine ratio, before and after the calcium-load, as well as TmP04/GFR were calculated. In 97 subjects (30.8%) there were no calcium metabolism abnormalities. Idiopathic hypercalciuria was present in 183 (57%) and primary hyperparathyroidism in 37 (11.7%). Idiopathic hypercalciuria was classified in four subgroups: absorptive hypercalciuria with normal serum phosphorus, absorptive hypercalciuria with low serum phosphorus (renal phosphate leak), renal hypercalciuria with normal phosphorus and renal hypercalciuria with low serum phosphorus.},
}
@article {pmid8461943,
year = {1993},
author = {Füredi-Milhofer, H and Kiss, K and Kahana, F and Sarig, S},
title = {New method for discriminating between calcium stone formers and healthy individuals.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {71},
number = {2},
pages = {137-142},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410x.1993.tb15905.x},
pmid = {8461943},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*urine ; Osmolar Concentration ; Titrimetry/methods ; },
abstract = {A new method for discriminating between the urine of potential calcium stone formers and healthy persons has been proposed, based on determination of the calcium binding capacity of urine (CBC) by titration of early morning urine with a calcium chloride solution. For this purpose a new PVC matrix calcium ion selectrode for measuring calcium ion concentration in whole urine was used. The selectrode has a disposable membrane which can easily be prepared and replaced in the laboratory. Plots of the calcium ion concentration versus the concentration of total added calcium were linear up to a point where precipitation of calcium salts commenced. The slopes of these titration lines were used as criteria for discrimination. Statistical evaluation showed good separation between the urine of healthy and stone forming donors. A 2-sample t test with unequal variances gave mean values of 0.31 for healthy urine (13 samples) and 0.64 for stone forming urine (26 samples). Individual 99% confidence intervals were 0.21-0.40 for the controls and 0.54-0.73 for the patients respectively. Discriminant analysis showed that from a group of treated patients with low Dl (13 samples), 3 were classified as stone formers and 10 were non-formers. Thus there was good correlation with the clinical situation and with the previously proposed Dl test.},
}
@article {pmid8425698,
year = {1993},
author = {Behar, J and Rhim, BY and Thompson, W and Biancani, P},
title = {Inositol trisphosphate restores impaired human gallbladder motility associated with cholesterol stones.},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {104},
number = {2},
pages = {563-568},
doi = {10.1016/0016-5085(93)90427-e},
pmid = {8425698},
issn = {0016-5085},
support = {R01-DK27389-07A2/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/*physiopathology ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Female ; Gallbladder/drug effects/*physiopathology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate/*pharmacology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle Contraction/*drug effects ; Potassium/pharmacology ; Sincalide/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Gallbladder motility is impaired in specimens with cholesterol stones but normal with pigment stones.<br><br>METHODS: Muscle cells obtained from 19 human gallbladders with cholesterol stones and 11 with pigment stones were enzymatically digested and contracted with cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), acetylcholine, and KCl.<br><br>RESULTS: Muscle cells from pigment stones had a greater contraction than cells from cholesterol stones. CCK-8-induced contraction was unaffected by calcium-free media but was blocked by strontium. Potassium-evoked contraction was blocked by a calcium-free media and unaffected by strontium. Inositol triphosphate (IP-3)-induced contraction was similar to the contraction caused by CCK-8 in permeable cells from pigment stones but was greater than the response to CCK-8 in cells from cholesterol stones.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Muscle cells from gallbladders with cholesterol stones contract less than cells from gallbladders with pigment stones; CCK-8-induced contraction only uses stored calcium; and IP-3 causes contractions of equal magnitude in cells from gallbladders with cholesterol and pigment stones. These abnormalities could result from an impaired receptor activation of the mechanism for IP-3 generation and release of stored calcium.},
}
@article {pmid8444209,
year = {1993},
author = {Harangi, F and Méhes, K},
title = {Family investigations in idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {European journal of pediatrics},
volume = {152},
number = {1},
pages = {64-68},
pmid = {8444209},
issn = {0340-6199},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics/urine ; Male ; Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors/*genetics ; Pedigree ; },
abstract = {We analysed some genetic and environmental factors influencing renal (RH) and absorptive hypercalciuria (AH) the main subtypes of idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH). Their distinction is essential in the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis. Twenty-one children admitted for renal stones had IH (8 RH and 13 AH). Their families were investigated with the participation of a total of 68 family members including 62 first-degree relatives. They were all normocalcaemic. Their urinary calcium excretion was measured on at least two occasions, and they underwent a calcium restriction--calcium loading test. Each subject was interviewed with reference to medical history, drug administration, social conditions, and nutritional habits. Pedigree analysis suggested a higher rate of familiarity and autosomal dominant inheritance of RH whereas no such pattern was found among the relatives of patients with AH. The interviews disclosed a distinct preference for calcium-rich foods in subjects with AH, while RH and normocalciuric individuals preferred a low-calcium diet. We conclude that the subtypes of IH are genetically different. RH is most probably inherited as an autosomal dominant trait (or has at least an autosomal dominant form), whereas AH is more likely to be associated with nutritional factors.},
}
@article {pmid8429802,
year = {1993},
author = {Puche, RC and Roveri, E and Perez Jimeno, N and Roberti, A and Poudes, G and Bocanera, R and Tozzini, R},
title = {Hypercalciuria and urinary saturation measurements in climacteric women.},
journal = {Maturitas},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {39-47},
doi = {10.1016/0378-5122(93)90132-2},
pmid = {8429802},
issn = {0378-5122},
mesh = {Absorption ; Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Climacteric/*urine ; Creatinine/urine ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {Fifteen percent (20/130) of a group of climacteric women on diets of their choice had urinary calcium (Ca) levels exceeding 4 mg/kg per day. Most of these hypercalciuric subjects had a daily Ca intake of 0.4-0.5 g. Their bone turnover rates were raised and high Ca absorption was observed in 4 cases. Serum Ca and total protein and glomerular filtration rates were normal in all the hypercalciuric patients. The calcium/creatinine (Ca/Cr) ratio (mg l-1/mg l-1, fasting, 09:00-10:00 h) was measured in 72 climacteric women, 35 of whom (49%) had ratios > 0.1. The latter defines a relative hypercalciuria as compared with premenopausal Ca excretion levels. Only 5 of the 35 subjects had calciuria levels above 4 mg/kg per day. The Ca/Cr ratio cannot replace daily urinary Ca measurements for the screening of subjects in whom calciuria may exceed net Ca absorption. Urinary saturation measurements were carried out in 70 women. Supersaturation was observed only in the case of Ca oxalate (CaOx) among several calcium salts usually found in urinary stones. CaOx supersaturation was observed in 95% of the hypercalciuric subjects and in 48% of the rest of the women investigated. The relatively high frequency of CaOx supersaturation can be attributed in part to the decreased excretion of citrate associated with ovarian failure. Oestrogen replacement therapy increased citrate excretion and lowered the level of CaOx supersaturation. Ca supplementation (1 g Ca/day) reduced the degree of supersaturation as a result of the concurrent reduction in oxalate excretion.},
}
@article {pmid8322837,
year = {1993},
author = {Hess, B and Casez, JP and Takkinen, R and Ackermann, D and Jaeger, P},
title = {Relative hypoparathyroidism and calcitriol up-regulation in hypercalciuric calcium renal stone formers--impact of nutrition.},
journal = {American journal of nephrology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {18-26},
doi = {10.1159/000168584},
pmid = {8322837},
issn = {0250-8095},
mesh = {Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Calcitriol/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypoparathyroidism/etiology/*metabolism ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analysis ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood/deficiency ; Phosphates/blood ; },
abstract = {The issue of secondary hyperparathyroidism in idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) was addressed in 61 male idiopathic calcium stone formers (SF) who underwent metabolic evaluation on a free-choice diet as well as bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. They were divided into hypercalciurics (HCSF, n = 30, UCa X V > 7.5 mmol/day) and normocalciurics (NCSF, n = 31, UCa X V < 7.5 mmol/day). At identical blood Ca2+ levels, parathyroid hormone (PTH) was lower in HCSF (25.3 +/- 1.8 pg/ml) than in NCSF (31.4 +/- 1.8 pg/ml, p = 0.017). Since neither fasting urinary hydroxyproline nor pyridinoline/deoxypirdinoline excretions nor BMD values were different between HCSF and NCSF, chronic bone dissolution as the cause of relative hypoparathyroidism in HCSF could be excluded. Despite lower PTH in the face of similar phosphate, Ca2+ and IGF-1 blood levels, however, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) concentrations were slightly (though not significantly) higher in HCSF than in NCSF (52.8 +/- 3.2 vs. 47.3 +/- 2.9 pg/ml, p = NS), and calcitriol/PTH ratio was elevated in HCSF (2.52 +/- 0.29) vs. NCSF (1.66 +/- 0.15, p = 0.001). Creatinine clearance, significantly higher in HCSF than in NCSF (113 +/- 4 vs. 92 +/- 3 ml/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.0001), was positively correlated with excretion rates of urinary markers of both protein and NaCl intake. Since serum calcitriol levels were positively correlated with creatinine clearance (r = 0.350, slope = 0.288, p = 0.006), up-regulation of calcitriol synthesis with subsequent relative hypoparathyroidism in HCSF is-at least partly-explained by exaggerated protein and sodium consumption.},
}
@article {pmid8164620,
year = {1993},
author = {Colette, C and Percheron, C and Pham, CT and Boniface, H and Thomas, N and Guiter, J and Monnier, L},
title = {Renal handling of calcium in hypercalciuric calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Mineral and electrolyte metabolism},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {377-384},
pmid = {8164620},
issn = {0378-0392},
mesh = {Absorption ; Adult ; Aged ; Biological Transport ; Calcium/*metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacokinetics ; Fasting/metabolism ; Female ; Homeostasis/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {In order to gain further insight into the mechanisms of calcium (Ca) homeostasis in hypercalciuria, we studied 32 lithiasic patients who were divided into three groups: normocalciuric patients (NC; n = 11), patients with absorptive hypercalciuria (AH; n = 12) and patients with renal hypercalciuria (RH; n = 9). The patients were investigated on 3 occasions: during a random diet, after a Ca-restricted diet and during a Ca tolerance test. The following determinations were made: Ca intake, Ca tubular reabsorption (Ca TR), plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, natriuresis and urinary protein-bound Gla. The latter was measured as a marker of urinary nephrocalcin excretion. Ca TR was decreased in hypercalciuric patients (HC). AH but not RH patients normalized their Ca TR during fasting. Plasma PTH and 1,25(OH)2D levels were similar in all the groups on the 3 occasions. Natriuresis was elevated in RH during the fasting period (p < 0.02 vs. AH). Compared with NC, protein-bound Gla urinary excretion rates (UER) were enhanced in AH after the Ca-restricted period (p < 0.02) and in RH during fasting (p < 0.02). In AH, a strong positive correlation was found between Ca TR and protein-bound Gla UER (r = 0.79, p = 0.002) following a Ca-restricted diet. In the HC group as a whole, fasting protein-bound Gla UER were correlated to plasma 1,25(OH)2D levels (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the results suggest that PTH directly or indirectly through 1,25(OH)2D increases nephrocalcin synthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid8145888,
year = {1993},
author = {Mahe, JL and Cledes, J and Bigot, JC and Bardou, LG and Morel, MA},
title = {[Results of dietary evaluation during calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate lithiasis].},
journal = {Nephrologie},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {291-297},
pmid = {8145888},
issn = {0250-4960},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/urine ; *Calcium Oxalate ; *Calcium Phosphates ; *Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Proteins/administration &amp; dosage ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Phosphates/urine ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*etiology/urine ; },
abstract = {In order to better understand the role of diet in etiology of urolithiasis, 84 oxalo-phospho-calcic-lithiasic patients (52 men, 32 women) have been studied by a nutritional week-interview and by urinary and blood testing. Diet data were compared to an ideal standard. Total caloric intake was 2428 +/- 651 calories/d; this intake is high in 7% women and 40% men. 79% out of patients are fat. Protidic intake is 87 +/- 21 g/d higher than 1 g/kg/d in 84.5% of patients. Lipids are high in 38.9 +/- 7%, glucid are low in 45.3 +/- 7%. Calcium intake is 934 +/- 406 mg/d, sodium intake is 12.9 + 3 g/d. Water intake is 2305 +/- 759 ml/d. Different groups of patients are studied: a) 21 patients with mean age of 43 +/- 12 years have recurrent lithiasis (R). This group is compared to 48 patients with 37 +/- 44 years who have a single lithiasis. Half of (R) patients have hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia and hyperoxaluria. Diet study is no different between these two groups. b) Other groups are studied: 21 have hyperophosphaturia (HPU) without hypophosphoremia and they have hypercalciuria, hyperuraturia and high urinary urea; diet shows higher glucicid and potassium intake than group with normal phosphaturia; 23 have hypercalciuria (HCU) and high uraturia and phosphaturia: diet study shows no difference with a group with normal calciuria. 21 have hyperoxaluria (HOU): diet study of a normal oxaluric group shows higher lipid intake, lower glucidic and calcium intake; 22 have hyperuraturia (HAU) and higher urinary urea, sodium and potassium than normouraturia group: in this group potassium intake is higher.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid8145887,
year = {1993},
author = {Jungers, P and Daudon, M and Hennequin, C and Lacour, B},
title = {[Correlation between protein and sodium intake and calciuria in calcium lithiasis].},
journal = {Nephrologie},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {287-290},
pmid = {8145887},
issn = {0250-4960},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Dietary Proteins/*administration &amp; dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Regression Analysis ; Sodium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage ; },
abstract = {In order to assess the influence of dietary protein and salt intake on urinary calcium excretion in calcium stone formers, we simultaneously determined 24 hour urinary excretion of Urea (UU) and sodium (UNa) together with that of calcium (UCa) in 184 patients (112 males) with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis studied on free diet. Mean (+/- SEM) values expressed as mmol/kg BW/day of both UU and UNa were higher in hypercalciuric (UCa > or = 0.1 mmol/kg/d, mean 0.15 +/- 0.01) male patients, respectively 6.63 +/- 0.25 and 2.71 +/- 0.13, than in normocalciuric males, respectively 5.33 +/- 0.22 (p < 0.001) and 2.36 +/- 0.15 (p = 0.06), while the latter did not differ from healthy controls. Similar findings were made in female stone formers. Linear regression analysis on the whole series showed a positive but weak correlation between UU and UCa (r = 0.47, p < 0.001) and between UNa and UC a (r = 0.33, p < 0.001), but the slope of the relation UCa/UU was increased only in hypercalciurics, whereas it did not differ between normocalciurics and controls. By multiple regression analysis, variations of UU and UNa altogether accounted only for 22% of variation in UCa. We conclude that in both sexes hypercalciuric stone formers have a higher protein and sodium intake than normocalciurics, and for a given urinary urea output, their mean urinary calcium excretion is higher, thus suggesting that hypercalciuric stone formers are electively sensitive to the hypercalciuric effect of high protein intake.},
}
@article {pmid8145886,
year = {1993},
author = {Normand, M and Cayotte, JL and Houillier, P and Peuchant, A and Paillard, M},
title = {[Exaggerated calciuric response to an acute acid load in patients forming renal calcium stones].},
journal = {Nephrologie},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {283-285},
pmid = {8145886},
issn = {0250-4960},
mesh = {Adult ; *Ammonium Chloride ; Calcium/*urine ; Citrates/urine ; Citric Acid ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/*urine ; Male ; Urine ; },
abstract = {Calciuric response to an acute acid load was studied in 13 recurrent calcium stone formers and in 9 control subjects. The evolution of calcium and citrate urinary excretion related to creatinine, of plasma acid base status, of urinary pH, of acid excretion was analysed before and after NH4Cl administration (2 mmol/Kg). Fasting calciuria (expressed as Ca/Cr) was identical in the 2 groups, however the urinary calcium excretion after the acid load was greater in the stone formers group than in the controls (0.378 +/- 0.113 vs 0.253 +/- 0.108 mg/mg). The increase in acid excretion and the decrease in urinary citrate excretion were identical in the 2 groups.},
}
@article {pmid11539732,
year = {1986},
author = {Wiederhold, ML and Sheridan, CE and Smith, NK},
title = {Statoconia formation in molluscan statocysts.},
journal = {Scanning electron microscopy},
volume = {},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {781-792},
pmid = {11539732},
issn = {0586-5581},
mesh = {Animals ; Aplysia/anatomy &amp; histology/*cytology/physiology/*ultrastructure ; Basement Membrane/physiology/ultrastructure ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/metabolism ; Cilia/physiology/ultrastructure ; Gravity Sensing/*physiology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Mollusca/*anatomy &amp; histology/cytology/physiology/ultrastructure ; Seawater ; Sense Organs/cytology/*physiology/*ultrastructure ; Spectrum Analysis ; Strontium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The gravity sensors of all molluscs phylogenetically below the cephalopods are spherical organs called statocysts. The wall of the sphere contains mechanosensory cells whose sensory cilia project into the lumen of the cyst. The lumen is filled with fluid and dense "stones", the statoconia or statoliths, which sink under the influence of gravity to load, and stimulate, those receptor cells which are at the bottom. The statoconia of Aplysia californica are shown to be calcified about a lamellar arrangement of membranes. Similar lamellar membrane arrangements are seen within the receptor cells, and their possible role in the formation of the statoconia is discussed. SEM of unfixed statoconia reveals plate-like crystallization on their surface. Elemental analysis shows a relatively high Sr content, which is of interest, since others have recently reported that Sr is required in the culture medium of several laboratory reared molluscs in order for the statoconia to develop.},
}
@article {pmid6389906,
year = {1984},
author = {Spence, HM},
title = {The life and death of Captain Charles Martell and kidney stone disease.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {132},
number = {6},
pages = {1204-1207},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)50098-1},
pmid = {6389906},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*history ; Kidney Calculi/*history ; Male ; United States ; },
abstract = {Hyperparathyroidism was unknown in this country until the diagnosis was first made by Eugene F. DuBois in 1926. The patient was Captain Charles Martell, a mariner who had become disabled by demineralization of the skeleton during many years. Finally, a parathyroid adenoma was removed at the seventh operation in 1932. Urinary calculi were a major part of the long illness and their complications caused death. Charles Martell contributed significantly to our knowledge of calcium metabolism in general and kidney stone disease in particular.},
}
@article {pmid6094846,
year = {1984},
author = {Ohkawa, T and Ebisuno, S and Kitagawa, M and Morimoto, S and Miyazaki, Y and Yasukawa, S},
title = {Rice bran treatment for patients with hypercalciuric stones: experimental and clinical studies.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {132},
number = {6},
pages = {1140-1145},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)50065-8},
pmid = {6094846},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Animals ; Body Weight ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Fiber/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; *Oryza ; Phytic Acid/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Recurrence ; Time Factors ; Urinary Calculi/*diet therapy/prevention &amp; control/urine ; },
abstract = {The purpose of this study is to confirm the hypocalciuric effect of rice bran experimentally and clinically. Urinary calcium excretion and its absorption in the intestine were reduced significantly by rice bran or phytin in rats fed high calcium diets, while there were no significant decreases with a low calcium diet. For the clinical study 70 patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria were treated with rice bran (10 gm. twice daily) for 1 month to 3 years. In almost all patients rice bran caused a significant decrease in urinary calcium excretion, which was maintained during treatment. Evidence of stones has decreased clearly among patients treated with rice bran for 1 to 3 years, although this might be a halfway judgment of the long-term treatment. We suggest that phytin should be the most effective substance to reduce the intestinal absorption of calcium and that rice bran treatment should be effective for prevention of recurrent urinary stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid6442380,
year = {1984},
author = {Suzuki, N and Yamauchi, H and Takahashi, W and Sato, T},
title = {Peripapillary duodenal diverticulum and biliary tract diseases.},
journal = {The Japanese journal of surgery},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {479-485},
pmid = {6442380},
issn = {0047-1909},
mesh = {Aged ; Ampulla of Vater/physiopathology ; Bile Duct Diseases/etiology ; Bile Ducts/physiopathology ; Bilirubin/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/*etiology ; Diverticulum/*complications/physiopathology ; Duodenal Diseases/*complications/physiopathology ; Female ; Gallstones/etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pressure ; },
abstract = {The relationship between peripapillary duodenal diverticulum and benign biliary tract disease was studied. Peripapillary duodenal diverticulum could be classified pathophysiologically into three types. Type I represents the disease not directly affecting the biliary tract. Type II shows the elevation of bile duct pressure directly caused by intraduodenal pressure loading. Type III includes patients in whom the diverticulum is small and is prone to cause papillitis or mechanical stimulation. This, then, may lead to organic changes in Oddi's sphincter and possibly to biliary tract disorders. In our patients, many cases of peripapillary duodenal diverticulum were associated with calcium bilirubinate stones, indicating that a peripapillary duodenal diverticulum is likely to lead to bile stagnation and ascending infection of the biliary tract and thus cause formation of calcium bilirubinate stones. Based on findings in this study, we want to emphasize that Type II peripapillary duodenal diverticulum should be surgically treated.},
}
@article {pmid6094046,
year = {1984},
author = {D'Amour, P and Gascon-Barré, M and Dufresne, L and Perreault, JP},
title = {Influence of dietary calcium on serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in renal stone formers.},
journal = {Clinical endocrinology},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {549-562},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2265.1984.tb01394.x},
pmid = {6094046},
issn = {0300-0664},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcitriol/*blood ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/blood ; Kidney Calculi/*blood/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphorus/administration &amp; dosage/urine ; },
abstract = {The role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria was studied in 37 renal stone formers who, during two 10-day periods, followed first a normal and then a low calcium diet. The following samples were taken during each diet; 24 h urine; fasting blood and urine; blood and urine following a 1 g oral calcium load. Patients were divided according to serum calcium level, 24 h urinary calcium excretion on the first diet and fasting calcium excretion on the second diet. Eight patients were found to be normocalciuric (NSF), 16 had absorptive hypercalciuria (AH), five renal hypercalciuria (RH) and eight primary hyperparathyroidism. In NSF and AH, a positive correlation was found between the fasting and the 24 hour urinary calcium (r = 0.787, P less than 0.001), while negative correlations were found between the fasting urinary calcium and the serum parathyroid hormone (r = -0.703, P less than 0.001) or the fasting urinary cyclic AMP (r = -0.434, P less than 0.01). Patients with RH had higher serum PTH and urinary cAMP levels for a given degree of fasting calciuria mainly on the low calcium diet. Mean serum 1,25(OH)2D was similar in NSF (43.6 +/- 4.5 pg/ml), AH (43.6 +/- 2.3 pg/ml) and RH (40.4 +/- 4.8 pg/ml) on the first diet; increases were similar in all groups after 10 d of calcium restriction. A positive correlation was found between the serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations and the 24 h urinary calcium excretion on the first diet in NSF (r = 0.889, P less than 0.001) but not in AH or RH. There was no evidence of such correlation with the low calcium diet. No correlation between the calciuric response to calcium loading and the serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D was found. The results suggest that serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D may be related to urinary calcium excretion in NSF more than in AH or RH. The factors responsible for the hyperabsorption of calcium in the latter patients remain to be elucidated.},
}
@article {pmid6529146,
year = {1984},
author = {Tan, EC and Tung, KH and Low, CO and Foong, WC and Foo, KT},
title = {Stone composition and metabolic study in urinary calculous disease.},
journal = {Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {616-619},
pmid = {6529146},
issn = {0304-4602},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; *Magnesium Compounds ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Recurrence ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {A series of 178 urinary stones is analysed qualitatively during a three year period from 1980 to 1982. The majority (96%) of stones orginate from the upper tract. Calcium oxalate stones are the commonest entity seen in the western countries but less than 20% of such stones occur locally. A large proportion consists of mixed stones and one third are infective as triple phosphate is present. 20% contain urate as a constituent whereas relatively pure urate stones constitute 4%. The true incidence of pure urate stones is higher (about 10%) as we have been dissolving them with alkalinisation of urine without surgery. Idiopathic hypercalciura occurs in 11.8% and none has persistent hypercalcaemia. Hyperuricosuria which is commoner, occurs in 24% of patients. It is important to identify this group as it results in the formation of metabolically active stones, and they can be treated with allopurinol to prevent recurrence of stones.},
}
@article {pmid6471206,
year = {1984},
author = {Schwille, PO and Hanisch, E and Scholz, D},
title = {Postprandial hyperoxaluria and intestinal oxalate absorption in idiopathic renal stone disease.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {132},
number = {4},
pages = {650-655},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)49808-9},
pmid = {6471206},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Eating ; Fasting ; Female ; Food ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism/*urine ; Oxalic Acid ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Calcium and oxalate were studied in daily, fasting and postprandial urine specimens from healthy subjects and patients with idiopathic renal calcium stones in response to a test meal free of oxalate, and supplemented with calcium and 14carbon-oxalic acid. The data showed that the amount of oxalate in fasting urine of patients with stones did not differ from that in controls. Generally, patients with stones had considerable postprandial hyperoxaluria in terms of excretion and concentration, associated with a significantly higher degree of supersaturation with regard to calcium oxalate compared to controls. These findings were paralleled by decreased intestinal absorption of 14carbon-oxalate and by unchanged 24-hour urinary oxalate. Although the source of increased postprandial oxalate in patients with stones is not clear the possibility of enhanced de novo synthesis from oxalate precursors is discussed. In patients with different types of calciuria the 2 main risk factors (hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria) for the process of stone formation are recognizable more readily in the postprandial urine specimens than in fasting or daily urine specimens.},
}
@article {pmid6088813,
year = {1984},
author = {Elomaa, I and Ala-Opas, M and Porkka, L},
title = {Five years of experience with selective therapy in recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {132},
number = {4},
pages = {656-661},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)49809-0},
pmid = {6088813},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Diuretics ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/surgery ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/metabolism/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; Parathyroid Glands/surgery ; Recurrence ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {We evaluated the efficacy of selective treatment in 126 patients with recurrent calcium urolithiasis who were chosen on the basis of ability to correct underlying physiochemical disturbances. Patients with hyperparathyroidism underwent an operation. Patients with renal hypercalciuria were treated with thiazide and those with absorptive hypercalciuria were given a low calcium, low oxalate diet with or without thiazide. The only treatment for normocalciuric patients was high fluid intake, which was suggested also to the other groups. A significant individual mean reduction in stone formation was observed in all groups after 5 years of treatment. However, only 48 per cent of the normocalciuric patients were in remission after 5 years of high fluid intake therapy and 45 per cent of those with absorptive hypercalciuria were free of recurrence with diet only. Thiazide treatment seemed to be effective despite the type of hypercalciuria. The effect of the treatment on stone formation was mediated through reduction of risk factors in the urine. Conversely, a high level of risk factors commonly predicted stone recurrence.},
}
@article {pmid6521137,
year = {1984},
author = {Yamamoto, S and Hiraishi, K},
title = {[Studies of factors related to formation of mixed uric acid and calcium oxalate stones].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {75},
number = {9},
pages = {1461-1466},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1928.75.9_1461},
pmid = {6521137},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6503969,
year = {1984},
author = {Takahashi, W and Onochi, S and Suzuki, N and Sato, T},
title = {[Infected bile and intrahepatic gallstones].},
journal = {Nihon Geka Gakkai zasshi},
volume = {85},
number = {9},
pages = {1098-1102},
pmid = {6503969},
issn = {0301-4894},
mesh = {Bacterial Infections/*complications ; Bile Duct Diseases/*complications ; *Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Bilirubin/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/*etiology ; Cholestasis/complications ; Diet ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Currently, the incidence of the upper stenotic type and intrahepatic stenotic type have been increasing in number. These changes may be attributed to the improvements of the diagnostic tools for hepatobiliary diseases, especially in the progress of imaging methods. In view of the type of gallstone, most intrahepatic gallstones are the calcium bilirubinate stones generated on the basis of bile stasis and bacterial infection. For the formation of calcium bilirubinate stones the mutual relationship of bacterial beta-glucuronidase and glucaro-1, 4-lactone in the bile is thought to important. Free bile acids and fatty acids are detected in fairly large amount in calcium bilirubinate stones. This suggests that precipitation of calcium bilirubinate in the bile may coincidently occur with the deconjugation of the conjugated bile acids and decomposition of lecithin. In the formation of calcium bilirubinate stones, it is believed that diet and bacterial infection accompanying biliary stasis are important inducements. Since these stones are formed mainly in bile ducts and recurrence rates are likely to high, it is important to remove these inducements from therapeutic viewpoint.},
}
@article {pmid6479882,
year = {1984},
author = {Moore, EW},
title = {The role of calcium in the pathogenesis of gallstones: Ca++ electrode studies of model bile salt solutions and other biologic systems. With an hypothesis on structural requirements for Ca++ binding to proteins and bile acids.},
journal = {Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)},
volume = {4},
number = {5 Suppl},
pages = {228S-243S},
pmid = {6479882},
issn = {0270-9139},
support = {AM 18887/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; AM 27104/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; AM 32130/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Bile/*analysis ; Bile Acids and Salts/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Blood Proteins/*metabolism ; Calcium/analysis/metabolism/*physiology ; Calculi/metabolism ; Chemical Precipitation ; Cholelithiasis/*etiology/metabolism ; *Electrodes ; Humans ; Magnesium/analysis ; Micelles ; Osmolar Concentration ; Pancreatic Diseases/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Serum Albumin/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Calcium is present in all pigment gallstones as a salt of one or more of the anions in bile which are most readily precipitable by calcium: (i) carbonate; (ii) bilirubinate; (iii) phosphate, and (iv) "palmitate". We term these "calcium-sensitive" anions. In addition, since cholesterol stones have been found to contain pigment stone centers, we postulate that calcium precipitation in bile is a critical event in the initiation of cholesterol gallstones, so that the latter should be considered a two-stage process: (i) precipitation of calcium salts to form a nidus, and (ii) precipitation of cholesterol from its supersaturated state on this nidus. Any measure which will reduce free [Ca++] in bile will reduce calcium lithogenicity; possible ways to reduce [Ca++] in bile are presented. One way is to increase Ca++ binding by normal biliary constituents; we have recently pointed out that bile salts are important buffers for Ca++ in bile by virtue of binding to both free and micellar bile salts. Here, we consider some of our Ca++ electrode studies of taurocholate, glycocholate, serum albumin, and simple molecules having terminal carboxyl (CO0-) or sulfonic (SO-3) ions. A brief history of the development of the Ca++ electrode is given, along with theoretical considerations of ionic activities and techniques of electrode measurements. From the various studies, a unifying hypothesis is proposed for the structural requirements of Ca++-binding to proteins (albumin) and free monomeric bile salts. For proteins, unconjugated bile salts and glycine-conjugated bile salts, it is proposed that Ca++ binding involves a reversible ion-exchange "site" in which a Ca++ ion is interposed between carboxyl (CO0-) and hydroxyl (OH) groups. For taurine-conjugated bile salts, this "site" is proposed to involve the interposition of a Ca++ ion between the side-chain SO-3 and cholanic ring OH groups. These studies are a first step toward modulation of Ca++ activity in bile.},
}
@article {pmid6434394,
year = {1984},
author = {Ostrow, JD},
title = {The etiology of pigment gallstones.},
journal = {Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)},
volume = {4},
number = {5 Suppl},
pages = {215S-222S},
doi = {10.1002/hep.1840040840},
pmid = {6434394},
issn = {0270-9139},
support = {AM-32130/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Bile/analysis ; Bile Pigments/*metabolism ; Bilirubin/analysis/metabolism ; Calcium/analysis/metabolism ; Chemical Precipitation ; Cholelithiasis/drug therapy/*etiology ; Edetic Acid/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Micelles ; Polymers/metabolism ; Solubility ; },
abstract = {Pigment gallstones are of two major types, black and earthy brown, each consisting of calcium salts of bilirubin and other anions, along with an unmeasured residue that is largely mucin glycoproteins. Studies in model systems indicate that the small proportion of unconjugated bilirubin in bile is solubilized by bile salts and that the ionized bilirubin is more soluble than the protonated diacid. Solubility is decreased by added lecithin but is unaffected by cholesterol. At the pH of bile, unconjugated bilirubin exists mainly as a monoanion with sufficient solubility in mixed micelles not to precipitate, were it not for the presence of calcium, which forms highly insoluble salts with unconjugated bilirubin anions. Supersaturation of bile with calcium bilirubinates is inhibited by bile salts, which bind calcium, reducing the activity of free calcium ions. When supersaturation occurs, usually due to increased concentrations of bilirubinate anion, nucleation may be initiated by binding of calcium bilirubinate to mucin glycoproteins in bile. In earthy brown stones, which form mainly in the bile ducts, the pigment is mostly calcium bilirubinate, combined with calcium palmitate. These components form due to hydrolysis, by enzymes in infecting bacteria, of conjugated bilirubin and lecithin, respectively. In black stones, which form mainly in the gallbladder, the pigment is mostly a highly cross-linked network polymer of bilirubin, which is insoluble in all solvents. Concomitant polymerization and oxidation of calcium bilirubinate probably occur in the solid state, after precipitation of the pigment due to hydrolysis of conjugated bilirubin by endogenous beta-glucuronidase from the biliary tract and/or liver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid6394801,
year = {1984},
author = {Yazaki, T and Kaneko, S and Umeyama, T and Koiso, K},
title = {[Clinical application of diuretics: renal calculi].},
journal = {Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {42},
number = {9},
pages = {2069-2072},
pmid = {6394801},
issn = {0047-1852},
mesh = {Acetazolamide/therapeutic use ; *Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/prevention &amp; control ; Magnesium/urine ; Recurrence ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Zinc/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid6745727,
year = {1984},
author = {Lohse, J and Pfeiffer, A},
title = {Duodenal total and ionised calcium secretion in normal subjects, chronic alcoholics, and patients with various stages of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis.},
journal = {Gut},
volume = {25},
number = {8},
pages = {874-880},
pmid = {6745727},
issn = {0017-5749},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Alcoholism/complications/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Duodenum/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Secretions/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatitis/etiology/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Previous studies have shown increased secretion of total calcium in the duodenal juice of patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis compared with healthy subjects. In order to get more detailed information on calcium secretion and pancreatic stone formation in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, ionised and total calcium concentrations were determined in the duodenal juice of normal subjects, chronic alcoholics, and patients with various stages of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. Total calcium secretion was in agreement with previously published data. Chronic alcoholics presented a significant increase of ionised calcium. In the course of pancreatitis all calcium fractions increased progressively revealing highest concentrations in patients with severe exocrine insufficiency. In non-calcified and calcified pancreatitis all calcium fractions were identical. It is suggested that the increase of ionised calcium originates from serum ionised calcium passing by diffusion into the damaged pancreatic duct system.},
}
@article {pmid6377922,
year = {1984},
author = {Coe, FL and Bushinsky, DA},
title = {Pathophysiology of hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The American journal of physiology},
volume = {247},
number = {1 Pt 2},
pages = {F1-13},
doi = {10.1152/ajprenal.1984.247.1.F1},
pmid = {6377922},
issn = {0002-9513},
support = {AM-33949/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Benzothiadiazines ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcitriol/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/genetics/*physiopathology/therapy ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Diuretics ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*physiopathology/therapy ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {The mechanisms responsible for hypercalciuria may involve intestinal calcium transport, renal tubule calcium reabsorption, and the regulation of bone mineral content. Both parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) may alter urine calcium. For these reasons, understanding the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria in patients has proven to be difficult. We present here an analysis of pathways that regulate systemic calcium homeostasis and of the various mechanisms that have been proposed to explain normocalcemic hypercalciuria in humans. Available evidence seems to implicate disordered regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 as a basis for at least one common form of hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid6232583,
year = {1984},
author = {Ulmann, A and Sayegh, F and Clavel, J and Lacour, B},
title = {[Incidence of lithiasic recurrence after a diuretic therapy, alone or combined with treatment by a thiazide diuretic or phosphorus].},
journal = {Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)},
volume = {13},
number = {20},
pages = {1257-1260},
pmid = {6232583},
issn = {0755-4982},
mesh = {Adult ; Beverages ; Calcium/urine ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Creatinine/urine ; *Diuresis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*therapeutic use ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/metabolism/*therapy ; Male ; Phosphorus/*therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {The preventive affects on recurrent renal calcium stones of water diuresis alone or combined with drugs aimed at lowering urinary calcium were evaluated prospectively in 51 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. Following clinical and metabolic examination, the patients were allocated at random to 3 treatment groups: water diuresis alone (group I, n = 19) or associated with hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/day (group II, n = 19) or with a neutral phosphate preparation 1500 mg/day (group III, n = 13). Results were assessed on the number of recurrences; 24-h urinary calcium was measured at regular intervals. The mean follow-up (2 years; range 1-4 years) was the same in all 3 groups. A significant fall in recurrence rate as compared with pre-treatment values was observed in groups I and II. The recurrence rate was the same in both groups during treatment. However, less patients had recurrences in group I (1/19) than in group II (5/19). No significant fall in recurrence rate was observed in group III, owing to some patients in this group having frequent recurrences. The recurrence rate was unrelated to clinical findings and biochemical values (oxaluria , calciuria) measured before treatment and to the urinary Ca/Cr ratio calculated during treatment. This study confirms that water diuresis is effective in preventing recurrent renal calcium stones and that diuretics of the thiazide group reduce the number of patients with recurrences.},
}
@article {pmid6492528,
year = {1984},
author = {Nakamura, S and Shirane, Y and Hiraishi, K and Kurokawa, K},
title = {[Urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in calcium stone-formers].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {75},
number = {5},
pages = {744-750},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1928.75.5_744},
pmid = {6492528},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {1-Carboxyglutamic Acid/*urine ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Glutamates/*urine ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Oxalic Acid ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid6329069,
year = {1984},
author = {Wills, MR and Savory, J},
title = {Vitamin D metabolism and chronic liver disease.},
journal = {Annals of clinical and laboratory science},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {189-197},
pmid = {6329069},
issn = {0091-7370},
mesh = {24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 ; Biological Transport ; Bone Diseases/etiology ; Calcifediol/blood/deficiency/metabolism ; Calcitriol/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Cholecalciferol/metabolism ; Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase ; Chronic Disease ; Diet ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver Diseases/complications/*metabolism ; Malabsorption Syndromes/etiology ; Skin/metabolism/radiation effects ; Steroid Hydroxylases/metabolism ; Ultraviolet Rays ; Vitamin D/*metabolism ; Vitamin D-Binding Protein ; },
abstract = {In recent years, considerable developments have taken place in the understanding of the vitamin D compounds which allows them, or at least their metabolites, to be classified as hormones. The liver has, for many years, entered into any consideration of the normal control of vitamin D status and metabolism in a number of roles. The main importance of the liver in vitamin D metabolism is now recognized to be the critical role it plays in the hydroxylation pathway and consequent formation of biologically active metabolites. Because the liver plays a critical central role in vitamin D metabolism, and possibly determines the overall efficiency of utilization, it may be expected that disorders of vitamin D metabolism, with associated clinical sequelae in the form of metabolic bone disease and hypocalcemia, and clinical features of patients with chronic disorders of liver function. The serum concentration 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) is generally accepted as reflecting total body vitamin D status in patients with normal renal function. Low serum 25-OHD concentrations have been reported in patients with a variety of hepatic disorders including: symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, chronic active liver disease, and large bile-duct obstruction owing to carcinoma or stones. The mechanisms for the low circulating serum 25-OHD concentrations in patients with chronic liver disease are complex and multifactorial. The disturbances in vitamin D metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease and biliary disease are associated with disturbances in calcium homeostasis and together they present clinically as hepatic osteodystrophy. The latter consists of osteomalacia, possibly sometimes complicated by secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, and periosteal new bone formation.},
}
@article {pmid6323773,
year = {1984},
author = {Heller, JE and Konnak, JW and Lau, YK},
title = {Potential pitfalls of the 2-hour calcium-to-creatinine ratio and urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate excretion in the differential diagnosis of idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {131},
number = {5},
pages = {911-913},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)50707-7},
pmid = {6323773},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Creatinine/*urine ; Cyclic AMP/*urine ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney/physiopathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/physiopathology/*urine ; },
abstract = {We studied 44 patients with calcium urolithiasis on high (900 mg. daily) and low (400 mg. daily) calcium diets. With 24-hour urinary data, we categorized the patients as normocalciuric or hypercalciuric and subdivided the hypercalciuric patients into absorptive and renal types. Abbreviated tests, including the 2-hour fasting urinary calcium-to-creatinine ratio and 24-hour urinary (nephrogenous) cyclic adenosine monophosphate, did not predict accurately whether hypercalciuria was of the idiopathic, absorptive or renal type. However, 24-hour urinary calcium excretions on the low calcium diet had a sensitivity and specificity of more than 90 per cent for reproducing the categorized diagnoses.},
}
@article {pmid6720487,
year = {1984},
author = {},
title = {Diet and kidney stones.},
journal = {American family physician},
volume = {29},
number = {4},
pages = {110, 112},
pmid = {6720487},
issn = {0002-838X},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diet/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Risk ; },
}
@article {pmid6713216,
year = {1984},
author = {Hradec, E and Kocvara, R and Louzenský, G},
title = {[Occurrence of metabolic disorders in relation to the clinical severity of urolithiasis].},
journal = {Bratislavske lekarske listy},
volume = {81},
number = {4},
pages = {393-403},
pmid = {6713216},
issn = {0006-9248},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases/*complications ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*complications/diagnosis/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6369025,
year = {1984},
author = {Abraham, PA and Smith, CL},
title = {Medical evaluation and management of calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The Medical clinics of North America},
volume = {68},
number = {2},
pages = {281-299},
doi = {10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31131-2},
pmid = {6369025},
issn = {0025-7125},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium, Dietary ; Creatinine/urine ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Female ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/complications ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {Stone disease is a common medical problem, frequently recurs, and is associated with significant morbidity. Because appropriate medical therapy significantly decreases stone recurrence, this disorder must not be ignored by nonurologists. Even the single stone-former should be offered a metabolic evaluation.},
}
@article {pmid6463457,
year = {1984},
author = {Gill, WB},
title = {Renal calculus disease: classification, demographic, and etiological considerations.},
journal = {Seminars in urology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {1-11},
pmid = {6463457},
issn = {0730-9147},
support = {P50 AM-20585/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Crystallization ; Crystallography ; Epithelium/pathology ; Humans ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/classification/epidemiology/*etiology/metabolism ; Mucoproteins/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Solubility ; },
}
@article {pmid6320635,
year = {1984},
author = {Hymes, LC and Warshaw, BL},
title = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria. Renal and absorptive subtypes in children.},
journal = {American journal of diseases of children (1960)},
volume = {138},
number = {2},
pages = {176-180},
doi = {10.1001/archpedi.1984.02140400058014},
pmid = {6320635},
issn = {0002-922X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/*urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/metabolism ; Phosphorus/blood ; },
abstract = {Twelve children with urolithiasis or unexplained episodes of gross hematuria, hypercalciuria, and normal serum calcium levels were examined with an oral calcium loading test. Eight patients displayed elevated fasting urinary calcium excretion, consistent with renal hypercalciuria; four exhibited normal fasting calcium excretion, which increased excessively with calcium loading, suggesting hyperabsorption of intestinal calcium. Evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism was detected in three children with renal hypercalciuria on the basis of urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) excretion. Serum calcium concentrations obtained four hours after loading increased significantly in children with renal hypercalciuria and were directly correlated with fasting urinary calcium excretion. Among patients with renal hypercalciuria, serum calcium level was higher in patients with normal fasting cAMP excretion. These results suggest that hyperabsorption of intestinal calcium occurs in renal hypercalciuria and may account for the lower-than-predicted incidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in these patients. Idiopathic hypercalciuria may arise from one fundamental metabolic disturbance with varying degrees of expression, rather than from two separate pathogenic mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid6748811,
year = {1984},
author = {Subirats Bayego, E and Vila Subirana, T and Torrents Fernández, A and Biarnés Aguadé, JC and Vancells Gascons, S},
title = {[Is the study of metabolic abnormalities justified in nephrolithiasis?].},
journal = {Medicina clinica},
volume = {82},
number = {3},
pages = {136-137},
pmid = {6748811},
issn = {0025-7753},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6737814,
year = {1984},
author = {Ebisuno, S},
title = {[Studies of rice-bran therapy for calcium urolithiasis with idiopathic hypercalciuria. II. In vitro experiments on binding of calcium and rice-bran].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {75},
number = {1},
pages = {10-15},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1928.75.1_10},
pmid = {6737814},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Oryza ; Phytic Acid/*metabolism ; Plant Extracts/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/therapy/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid6733824,
year = {1984},
author = {Fhari, JP and Valayer, J},
title = {[Milk of calcium bile syndrome in children. 2 cases].},
journal = {Chirurgie pediatrique},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {12-16},
pmid = {6733824},
issn = {0180-5738},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium Carbonate/metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Child, Preschool ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholelithiasis/diagnostic imaging/*etiology/surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Radiography ; Syndrome ; },
abstract = {Milk of calcium cholecystitis is a rare entity in children. Two cases are reported here, each in a boy aged respectively 4 and 13. The symptoms were limited to abdominal pain with or without vomiting. Plain X-ray of the abdomen showed the usual milk of calcium picture, with calcified deposits within the gallbladder and an obstructing stone at the site of the gallbladder neck or the cystic duct. Surgery consisted simply of cholecystectomy with preoperative cholangiogram. Neither biochemical analysis of the gallbladder contents, nor the pathological examination of the gallbladder wall helped in determining the pathogenesis of the disease. Only four other cases of milk of calcium cholecystitis in children have been found by the authors in the literature, where a number of adult cases have been described.},
}
@article {pmid6728086,
year = {1984},
author = {Mateos Antón, F and Puig, JG and Gaspar, G and Muñoz Sanz, A and Herrero, E and Ramos, T and Martínez, ME and Gómez Mantilla, JM},
title = {Renal handling of uric acid in patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and hyperuricosuria.},
journal = {Nephron},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {123-127},
doi = {10.1159/000183227},
pmid = {6728086},
issn = {1660-8151},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/therapy/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Uric Acid/*urine ; },
abstract = {Hyperuricosuria is a frequent finding in patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis (RCN) that has been related to purine overingestion . The influence of diet and the renal handling of uric acid were investigated in patients with RCN to assess the pathogenic mechanism of excessive urate excretion. Among 50 patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis 42 formed renal stones containing calcium and 9 of these 42 patients demonstrated concomitant asymptomatic hyperuricosuria while on a self-selected diet. Ingestion of a purine-free diet normalized the uric acid excretion in 4 of these 9 patients. The other 5 patients showed persistent hyperuricosuria while on a purine-free diet. In order to assess a possible dysfunction in the renal handling of uric acid, pharmacological tests were undertaken in these 9 patients. Pyrazinamide administration almost completely suppressed urate excretion, excluding a presecretory reabsorption defect. Urate excretion in response to probenecid administration was decreased in 4 patients and increased in 1. This finding is in accordance with a postsecretory reabsorption defect in the former and an augmented tubular secretion of urate in the latter. This study proves that both dietary factors and tubular transport defects are involved in patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and hyperuricosuria.},
}
@article {pmid6725972,
year = {1984},
author = {Ulmann, A},
title = {[Value of the measurement of urinary calcium in calcium lithiasis].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie},
volume = {90},
number = {1},
pages = {15-17},
pmid = {6725972},
issn = {0248-0018},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Diet ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/therapy/*urine ; Recurrence ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {The author reports certain data from the literature and based upon his own experience. The urinary excretion of calcium is dependent upon diet and in particular sodium intake. Urinary calcium decreases when sodium intake is reduced. The administration of rapidly absorbed sugars and protein rich diets cause an increase in urinary calcium. It is thus of fundamental importance to be aware of the nature of the diet in patients in whom 24 hour urinary calcium is measured. In particular, such measurements are of no value during the immediate postoperative period. Is the existence of hypercalciuria (defined by a urinary calcium greater than 0.1 mmol/kg/day) truly responsible for an increase in the frequency of recurrences of lithiasis? In two groups of patients, one with progressive lithiasis and the other with non-progressive lithiasis, the mean urinary calcium for each of the two groups was the same. In addition, patients with a high daily calcium excretion were not necessarily those with progressive lithiasis. Three groups of patients were also compared, according to whether they had a high fluid intake, a fluid intake associated with a hydrochlorothiazide or a fluid intake associated with a neutral phosphorus salt. Phosphate therapy was a failure. In comparison with their previous state, patients receiving merely a high fluid intake or in combination with thiazides had less recurrences than before such treatment. The group treated with thiazides had significantly less recurrences than the group treated by simple high fluid intake. However urinary calcium was not lowered by thiazides. Thus the role of thiazides probably does not lie in hypocalciuria but merely in an increase in urine output.},
}
@article {pmid6725970,
year = {1984},
author = {Thomas, J},
title = {[Remarks on the metabolic evaluation of renal lithiasis].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie},
volume = {90},
number = {1},
pages = {1-5},
pmid = {6725970},
issn = {0248-0018},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cystine ; Cystinuria ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/urine ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {Metabolic studies include certain routine investigations but which may be more or less limited or extended according to the individual case on the basis of its severity and the chemical nature of calculi. These studies are based upon the following data: analysis of one or more stones, aided and guided by methodical macroscopic examination; urine microscopy; study of urine pH which should be done by the patient himself on several samples during the 24-hour period; blood and urine calcium/phosphate balance, without omitting the measurement of urinary urea which provides information concerning protein intake and indicates its influence; oxalate balance studies and hyperoxaluria are correlated with cases of lithiasis when stones contain only calcium oxalate or a mixture of oxalate and calcium phosphate; uric acid balance, where once again the measurement of urinary urea is of fundamental importance and shows that all cases of hyperuricuria are related to a diet excessively rich in meat; urinary cystine levels with the need for a Brand reaction almost routinely in all lithiasis sufferers; electrolyte studies which may reveal a renal tubular acidosis syndrome, in fact rare; and, finally, in certain cases a magnesium balance may show a decreased erythrocyte magnesium.},
}
@article {pmid6698089,
year = {1984},
author = {Mateos Antón, F and García Puig, J and Gaspar, G and Martínez, ME and Ramos, T and Martínez Piñeiro, JA},
title = {Renal tubular acidosis in recurrent renal stone formers.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {55-59},
doi = {10.1159/000463513},
pmid = {6698089},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/*complications/metabolism ; Bicarbonates/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Recurrence ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a well-known metabolic disturbance that may promote recurrent renal stone formation. However, its incidence, screening criteria and association with other lithogenic metabolic abnormalities are not established in recurrent nephrolithiasis. 10 of 50 consecutive recurrent renal stone formers had a persistent fasting morning urinary pH above 6.0 and/or a basal plasma bicarbonate concentration below 20.0 mM. Acid and alkaline loads disclosed RTA in 3 patients: 1 patient had incomplete type-1 distal RTA in addition to hyperoxaluria; a second patient showed complete type-2 proximal RTA, hyperoxaluria and renal hypercaliuria; and a third patient had incomplete proximal RTA without any other metabolic derangement. These results reinforce the importance of RTA as an isolated metabolic abnormality among recurrent renal stone formers. In addition, RTA appears to be more commonly associated with other lithogenic metabolic derangements than has been previously suspected. The extensive metabolic protocol used in this study provides a useful tool in the diagnosis and therapeutic considerations of recurrent nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid6546801,
year = {1984},
author = {Duncombe, VM and Watts, RW and Peters, TJ},
title = {Studies on intestinal calcium absorption in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Quarterly journal of medicine},
volume = {53},
number = {209},
pages = {69-79},
pmid = {6546801},
issn = {0033-5622},
mesh = {Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/*urine ; Fasting ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Jejunum ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; },
abstract = {Using an in vitro method, the uptake of radio-labelled Ca2+ by jejunal biopsy specimens from control subjects, patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and patients with renal stones without hypercalciuria, were compared. Radio-labelled Ca2+ uptake was investigated over the concentration range 0.1-5.0 mmol/l. For all subjects there was a linear relationship between Ca2+ uptake and medium concentration suggesting that Ca2+ uptake was a passive process. There was no significant difference in Ca2+ uptake between control subjects and patients with renal stones without hypercalciuria. Patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria, both absorptive and renal subtypes, showed increased Ca2+ uptake at all incubation medium concentrations. Assays of various biochemical parameters including alkaline phosphatase, Ca2+-activated ATPase, cyclic AMP and Ca2+-binding protein, in jejunal biopsy specimens showed no significant differences between control subjects and patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. The results suggest that the intestinal abnormality in idiopathic hypercalciuria is due to enhanced permeability of the brush border membrane to Ca2+, possibly mediated by alterations in membrane lipids.},
}
@article {pmid6546292,
year = {1984},
author = {Broadus, AE and Insogna, KL and Lang, R and Mallette, LE and Oren, DA and Gertner, JM and Kliger, AS and Ellison, AF},
title = {A consideration of the hormonal basis and phosphate leak hypothesis of absorptive hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {58},
number = {1},
pages = {161-169},
doi = {10.1210/jcem-58-1-161},
pmid = {6546292},
issn = {0021-972X},
support = {AM-20570/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; RR-125/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/metabolism/physiopathology ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/physiopathology ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Fifty patients with absorptive hypercalciuria (AH), 25 normal subjects (NS), and 25 nonhypercalciuric patients with stone disease (NHSF) were studied using an oral calcium tolerance test and 24-h urine collections on both a restricted and an unrestricted calcium intake. Mean (+/- SD) fasting fractional calcium excretion was increased in the patients with AH (2.7 +/- 1.1% vs. 1.4 +/- 0.6% in the NS; P less than 0.001) and was negatively correlated with fasting nephrogenous cAMP, suggesting that this renal calcium leak was secondary to parathyroid suppression. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] was elevated in 80% of patients with AH and was high normal in the remaining 20%. Ten patients, selected on the basis of results for 1,25-(OH)2D greater than 4 SD from the normal mean, displayed a particularly severe pattern of abnormalities, including mild hypercalcemia in two patients. Pooled data from the NS and patients with AH revealed a significant negative correlation between the plasma concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D and the renal phosphate threshold (r = -0.40; P less than 0.001), but this correlation lost significance when the NHSF were substituted for the NS as a control group (r = -0.07; P = NS). These findings 1) provide a pathophysiological basis for the increase in fasting calcium excretion commonly observed in hypercalciuric patients, and 2) stress the importance of circulating 1,25-(OH)2D in the pathogenesis of the syndrome, but 3) fail to support the phosphate leak theory of pathogenesis.},
}
@article {pmid6535779,
year = {1984},
author = {Mbonu, O and Attah, C and Ikeakor, I},
title = {Urolithiasis in an African population.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {291-296},
pmid = {6535779},
issn = {0301-1623},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Black People ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nigeria ; Urinary Calculi/*epidemiology/etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Eighty-one cases of urinary tract calculi in Nigerians seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, over a period of five years are reviewed. A relative incidence of 13 per 100,000 was established. At the time of presentation, 36 stones were found in the bladder, 21 in the kidneys, 20 in the ureters, one in the prostate and 3 in the urethra. Five patients had calculi at multiple sites. There was a male to female ratio of 5 : 1. Forty-one per cent of the calculi occurred in the 31-40 year age group, and 14.8% of cases were found in children. Over 80% of the calculi were secondary to obstruction, infection and immobilization. Only 15% were idiopathic. Urinary tract stone disease is rare in the Negroid race, as confirmed by this study on Nigerians. Avenues for further studies are suggested.},
}
@article {pmid6531063,
year = {1984},
author = {Ulmann, A},
title = {[Predictive value of lithogenic risk in hypercalciuria: should 24-hour urine calcium be measured?].},
journal = {Nephrologie},
volume = {5},
number = {5},
pages = {232-234},
pmid = {6531063},
issn = {0250-4960},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Creatine/urine ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/therapeutic use ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/prevention &amp; control/urine ; Phosphorus/therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Three studies have been undertaken to evaluate the predictive value for new stone formation of urinary calcium excretion. In study 1, 24-hr calciuria was similar in 52 patients with benign stone disease (less than 3 new stones or 1 staghorn calculus in the 5 preceeding years) and in 46 patients with severe lithiasis (more than 3 stones or 1 staghorn calculus), based on a retrospective assessment of stone disease evolution. In study 2, urinary fasting Ca/Creat was identical in 43 non-hyperparathyroid stone formers (including 31 with severe lithiasis) and in 35 patients with proven or suspected primary hyperparathyroidism (including 19 with benign lithiasis, 8 with severe lithiasis and 8 with no stone). In study 3, stone recurrence, assessed prospectively, felt significantly in patients given a high fluid intake alone or associated with 50 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide, independently of urinary calcium excretion. Urinary calcium determination therefore appears useless for stone recurrence prediction.},
}
@article {pmid6531057,
year = {1984},
author = {Jungers, P and Lacour, B and Daniel, J and Chauveau, P and Bruneau, M and Bailly, M},
title = {[Comparative variations in natriuresis and urinary calcium in patients with hypercalciuric lithiasis treated with thiazide diuretics].},
journal = {Nephrologie},
volume = {5},
number = {5},
pages = {202-204},
pmid = {6531057},
issn = {0250-4960},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Diuresis/drug effects ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*prevention &amp; control/urine ; Male ; Methyclothiazide/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Natriuresis/*drug effects ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Because of the close relation between sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) tubular reabsorption, restriction of sodium intake has been proposed in hypercalciuric stone formers. We simultaneously measured urinary concentrations of both ions in 30 recurrent stone formers (19 male, 11 female, mean age 40,8 +/- 10,2 years) with fasting hypercalciuria, before and after reduction of calciuria using long-term thiazide (TZ) treatment associated with moderate restriction of calcium intake, without concomitant Na restriction. No recurrence of stones was observed in this group with a 12 to 49 month follow-up. UCa strongly correlated with UNa in both conditions. However, UCa significantly decreased with TZ (128 +/- 32 vs 73 +/- 26 mumol/kg/day, p less than 0.001), whereas neither UNaV (190 +/- 60 vs 202 +/- 57 mmol/day) nor diuresis significantly varied. We conclude that calciuria can be lowered without reduction in Na intake in hypercalciuric stone formers controlled by thiazide treatment.},
}
@article {pmid6531055,
year = {1984},
author = {Petit, C},
title = {[Calcium lithiasis: uric acid under question].},
journal = {Nephrologie},
volume = {5},
number = {5},
pages = {192-194},
pmid = {6531055},
issn = {0250-4960},
mesh = {Allopurinol/administration &amp; dosage/*analogs &amp; derivatives/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/*urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*prevention &amp; control/urine ; Oxalates/urine ; Uric Acid/*urine ; Uricosuric Agents/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Usually calcium nephrolithiasis is due to "idiopathic" hypercalciuria associated with failure of the compensatory mechanisms (dissolving substances and crystallisation inhibitors. Classically a sufficient diuresis, a low calcium diet, the phosphate ion or (and) the thiazidic diuretics manage to reduce the hypercalciuria and to decrease the chances of relapse. This aim may be differently reached when hyperuricosuria is associated with hypercalciuria. The use of uric acid synthesis inhibitors (allopurinol, thiopurinol) brings the frequency of the recurring stone formation down and... the calciuria often. Series dealing with 141 calcium lithiasis with hyperuricosuria.},
}
@article {pmid6527721,
year = {1984},
author = {Thomas, J and Charransol-Maistre, G and Barthelemy, C and Thomas, E and Taboury, JA and Taillandier, E and Desgrez, P and Legrand, JC and Arvis, G and Steg, A},
title = {[Monohydrate and dihydrate oxalic lithiasis. Calculi, their macroscopic structure (radiographic and therapeutic impact). Calciuria and oxaluria].},
journal = {Nephrologie},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {181-183},
pmid = {6527721},
issn = {0250-4960},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium Oxalate/*analysis/urine ; Crystallization ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/*analysis/urine ; Radiography ; Sex Factors ; },
abstract = {Calculi of pure calcium oxalate monohydroxide are hard, polish, dark brown stones, of a very tenuous crystalline structure. On the contrary, calculi of pure bihydroxide oxalate are clear irregular stones with a spiky surface. They are more friable and less hard than monohydroxide oxalate stones. Monohydroxide oxalate stones radiologically are regular and homogeneous, whereas bihydroxide oxalate stones have an irregular aspect. Monohydroxide oxalic lithiasis is less frequent than bihydroxide oxalic lithiasis. The proportion of monohydroxide lithiasis is the same in men and women whereas bihydroxide lithiasis is more frequent in men. Of a biologic point of view, in monohydroxide lithiasis, calciuria and oxaluria are often normal while proportion of hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria is more important in bihydroxide lithiasis. Evolutivity is clearly inferior in monohydroxide lithiasis than in bihydroxide lithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid6477680,
year = {1984},
author = {Ebisuno, S},
title = {[Studies of rice-bran therapy for calcium urolithiasis with idiopathic hypercalciuria. III. Effects of rice-bran on calcium balance in rats].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {75},
number = {1},
pages = {16-24},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1928.75.1_16},
pmid = {6477680},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Diet ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; *Oryza ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phytic Acid/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Urinary Calculi/therapy/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid6426150,
year = {1984},
author = {Westhofen, M and Schäfer, H and Seifert, G},
title = {Calcium redistribution, calcification and stone formation in the parotid gland during experimental stimulation and hypercalcaemia. Cytochemical and X-ray microanalytical investigations.},
journal = {Virchows Archiv. A, Pathological anatomy and histopathology},
volume = {402},
number = {4},
pages = {425-438},
pmid = {6426150},
issn = {0174-7398},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcinosis/*metabolism ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Female ; Histocytochemistry ; Hypercalcemia/*metabolism ; Microscopy, Electron ; Parotid Diseases/*metabolism ; Parotid Gland/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Rats ; Salivary Duct Calculi/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Distribution and redistribution of intra- and pericellular calcium was investigated in the parotid gland of rats under secretory stimulation and hypercalcaemia. The effects of hypercalcaemia and secretory stimulation and of the combination of both were compared. Calcium content was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Calcium distribution within the tissue was demonstrated by light microscopical (GBHA) staining and electron microscopical (pyroantimonate method) cytochemistry in combination with X-ray microanalysis. Typical calcium depot sites were the basal and cellular membranes, the calcium buffer organelles (i.e. mitochondria) the secretory granules and the acinar lumina. After stimulation (by isoprenalin) a decrease of calcium-enriched secretory granules and a depletion of intracellular calcium buffer organelles occurred. During hypercalcaemia (induced by dihydrotachysterol), a calcium overloading of the cell membrane and intracellular buffer organelles without calcification was observed. Combined stimulation and hypercalcaemia induced an excessive calcium overloading of all intra- and extracellular calcium depots with excessive calcium release into the acinar lumina resulting in calcium phosphate aggregates and stone formation. Secretory stimulation and simultaneous hypercalcaemia exert potentiating effects on intracellular and intraluminal calcification proposing an importance for pathogenesis of human sialolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid6377648,
year = {1984},
author = {Pahira, JJ},
title = {Nephrolithiasis: current concepts in medical management.},
journal = {Urologic radiology},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {74-79},
doi = {10.1007/BF02923706},
pmid = {6377648},
issn = {0171-1091},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Bacterial Infections/complications ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Crystallography ; Cystinuria/etiology ; Diuresis ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney/abnormalities ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/surgery/*therapy ; Magnesium/metabolism ; *Magnesium Compounds ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Patient Education as Topic ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Recurrence ; Risk ; Struvite ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urography ; },
abstract = {Advances in renal lithiasis research have contributed to a better understanding of the many varied factors that contribute to renal calculus formation. Utilizing the newer techniques of ambulatory metabolic evaluation, we can establish a specific diagnosis in 95% of recurrent stone-formers. Since a significant percentage of initial stone-formers will never have a second episode, it is essential to establish the natural history of the patient's stone disease prior to initiating potentially life-long medical therapy. The majority of initial stone-formers can be managed with education concerning modest dietary restrictions and increased fluid intake. For the recurrent stone-former with metabolically active stone disease, it is probably best to design medical therapy to treat the specific urinary chemical abnormality or disease process.},
}
@article {pmid6376994,
year = {1984},
author = {Nath, R and Thind, SK and Murthy, MS and Talwar, HS and Farooqui, S},
title = {Molecular aspects of idiopathic urolithiasis.},
journal = {Molecular aspects of medicine},
volume = {7},
number = {1-2},
pages = {1-176},
doi = {10.1016/0098-2997(84)90004-9},
pmid = {6376994},
issn = {0098-2997},
mesh = {Adult ; Alcoholism/complications ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Proteins/administration &amp; dosage ; Female ; Glycine/blood ; Glyoxylates/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism/urine ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Rats ; Urinary Calculi/epidemiology/*etiology ; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid6099467,
year = {1984},
author = {Meyrier, A and Jeanson, A and Paillard, F},
title = {[Tubular hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Nephrologie},
volume = {5},
number = {5},
pages = {208-212},
pmid = {6099467},
issn = {0250-4960},
mesh = {Adult ; Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Cyclic AMP/blood ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/prevention &amp; control/*urine ; Kidney Tubules/*metabolism ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Sex Factors ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid6644890,
year = {1983},
author = {Hosking, DH and Erickson, SB and Van den Berg, CJ and Wilson, DM and Smith, LH},
title = {The stone clinic effect in patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {130},
number = {6},
pages = {1115-1118},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)51711-5},
pmid = {6644890},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage ; Dairy Products ; *Drinking ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Time Factors ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/diet therapy/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {The "stone clinic effect" refers to the effect of encouraging a high intake of fluid and avoiding dietary excesses on stone formation and growth in patients with urolithiasis. To determine the extent of this effect we reviewed the clinical courses of 108 patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis and indeterminant metabolic activity. There was no evidence of stone growth or new stone formation (metabolic inactivity) after a mean followup of 62.6 months in 63 of the 108 patients (58.3 per cent), including 12 of 17 (70.6 per cent) with hypercalciuria and 7 of 15 (46.7 per cent) with hyperuricosuria. Comparison of initial and followup 24-hour urine volumes demonstrated a significant increase in patients who were metabolically inactive at followup (p less than 0.0005), while no increase was detected in patients who were metabolically active at followup. We recommend that specific drug therapy should not be given to patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis until the stone clinic effect has been evaluated.},
}
@article {pmid6644429,
year = {1983},
author = {Moore, ES and Langman, CB and Favus, MJ and Schneider, AB and Coe, FL},
title = {Secondary hyperparathyroidism in children with symptomatic idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Journal of pediatrics},
volume = {103},
number = {6},
pages = {932-935},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-3476(83)80721-5},
pmid = {6644429},
issn = {0022-3476},
support = {AM20585/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; HD11821/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/*etiology/urine ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; },
}
@article {pmid6330424,
year = {1983},
author = {Olmer, M and Berland, Y and Argemi, B},
title = {Absence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in most patients with renal hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Kidney international. Supplement},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {S175-9},
pmid = {6330424},
issn = {0098-6577},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/metabolism/*urine ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {We examined parathyroid gland function in 47 patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria in an effort to determine whether serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and/or urinary excretion of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) can discriminate between the various forms of hypercalciuria. Although we could separate our 47 patients into two groups, 21 patients with renal hypercalciuria (RH) and 15 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria (AH), there remained a group of 11 patients who did not exactly correspond to either group. Basal serum PTH was normal in the two groups: for RH, 10.32 +/- 0.93; for AH, 11.43 +/- 1.10 microliter Eq/ml. Similarly, urinary cyclic AMP did not differ between the two groups: for RH, 4.88 +/- 0.5; for AH, 4.87 +/- 0.55 nmoles/dl/min GFR. Moreover, the response of the parathyroid glands to acute hypocalcemia produced by intravenous infusion of EDTA was not different among patients with AH, RH, and control subjects. Only one patient showed a marked increase of serum PTH in response to acute hypocalcemia, and the bone biopsy revealed increased osteoclastic resorption. In conclusion, our data show that serum levels of PTH and urinary cyclic AMP do not differentiate between the various forms of idiopathic hypercalciuria. The EDTA test demonstrated that secondary hyperparathyroidism is very uncommon in these patients.},
}
@article {pmid6627332,
year = {1983},
author = {Kocvara, R and Moderová, M and Louzenský, G and Dvorácek, J},
title = {[Metabolic causes of urolithiasis in children and adolescents].},
journal = {Casopis lekaru ceskych},
volume = {122},
number = {37},
pages = {1130-1134},
pmid = {6627332},
issn = {0008-7335},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6676587,
year = {1983},
author = {Nakanishi, S},
title = {[Clinical study of hypercalcemia: oral calcium tolerance test for the diagnosis of hypercalcemia in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {74},
number = {9},
pages = {1583-1597},
pmid = {6676587},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid6676586,
year = {1983},
author = {Kenjiro, K and Kiyonori, K and Masanori, I and Sunao, Y and Takashi, K},
title = {[Endocrinological studies on pathogenesis of urolithiasis. IV. Pathogenesis of the intestinal-calcium-absorptive hypercalcemia].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {74},
number = {9},
pages = {1575-1582},
pmid = {6676586},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*etiology/metabolism ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Vitamin D/administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6652557,
year = {1983},
author = {Bergmann, P and Fuss, M},
title = {Comparison between the fractional isotopic calcium absorption and an oral calcium tolerance test.},
journal = {Calcified tissue international},
volume = {35},
number = {6},
pages = {819-820},
pmid = {6652557},
issn = {0171-967X},
mesh = {Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Chloride/*administration &amp; dosage ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes/*administration &amp; dosage ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Time Factors ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In 27 subjects with several disorders of calcium metabolism, the fractional intestinal absorption of 47CaCl2 was rather poorly correlated with the urinary output of calcium or with the maximal increase of serum calcium after an oral calcium load. Conversely, a good correlation was observed with the product of these parameters. We propose that this product be used as an estimate of intestinal calcium absorption when a radioisotopic method is not available.},
}
@article {pmid6315614,
year = {1983},
author = {Tieder, M and Stark, H and Shainkin-Kerstenbaum, R},
title = {Pathophysiologic studies in idiopathic hypercalciuria presenting in childhood.},
journal = {The International journal of pediatric nephrology},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {197-200},
pmid = {6315614},
issn = {0391-6510},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcitonin/blood ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Urinary Calculi/*physiopathology ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) was diagnosed in 11 children aged 5 3/12 to 10 6/12. Eight patients investigated 1-12 years later still had hypercalciuria. When compared to a control group of 10 healthy children, 5 patients demonstrated an excessive rise in urinary Ca excretion following an oral Ca load. These patients also demonstrated low urinary cAMP, normal serum iPTH and high normal iTCT levels. The remaining 3 patients responded normally to Ca loading, but otherwise showed similar metabolic findings as the above group. These findings suggest a hyperabsorptive mechanism for all our patients. The finding of relatively low values for TmP/GFR in most IH patients further suggests that here, as in many adult patients, this may be the primary pathogenic mechanism, causing low serum P, increased synthesis of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and, thus, absorption of Ca. We believe this represents a physiologic variant state and not a disease state.},
}
@article {pmid6883039,
year = {1983},
author = {Cutajar, CL},
title = {The role of schistosomiasis in urolithiasis.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {55},
number = {4},
pages = {349-352},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410x.1983.tb03319.x},
pmid = {6883039},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/analysis ; Humans ; Radiography ; Schistosomiasis/*complications/diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Both urinary schistosomiasis and urolithiasis are common in Saudi Arabia and other countries and an aetiological relationship between them has been suggested. One hundred and fifty Saudi Arabian patients suffering from urinary schistosomiasis were compared with a similar number of patients suffering from urolithiasis and with a control group. The evidence suggests that in Saudi Arabia, schistosomiasis plays a very limited role in urinary tract stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid6637129,
year = {1983},
author = {Schärli, AF and Rumlova, E and Schubiger, G},
title = {Immobilisation hypercalciuria after limb fractures in children.},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie : organ der Deutschen, der Schweizerischen und der Osterreichischen Gesellschaft fur Kinderchirurgie = Surgery in infancy and childhood},
volume = {38},
number = {4},
pages = {240-242},
doi = {10.1055/s-2008-1059977},
pmid = {6637129},
issn = {0174-3082},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Femoral Fractures/*complications/urine ; Fracture Fixation/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/therapeutic use ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; },
abstract = {Immobilisation hypercalciuria and hypercalcaemia following limb fractures or paralysis is a frequent occurrence in children. Assessment of calcium metabolism should be performed in such patients, since the formation of kidney stones is possible. The beneficial effect of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in the prevention of renal stones is most likely due to a reduction of calcium concentration in urine and a significant decrease of crystalluria. Thus, its administration is recommended for children with hypercalciuria following prolonged immobilisation especially due to fracture treatment or paralysis.},
}
@article {pmid6364023,
year = {1983},
author = {Skorkowska-Zieleniewska, J},
title = {[Biochemical evaluation of calcium nutritional requirements].},
journal = {Pediatria polska},
volume = {58},
number = {8-9},
pages = {731-739},
pmid = {6364023},
issn = {0031-3939},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Arteriosclerosis/etiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage ; Calculi/etiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Infant ; Nutritional Requirements ; Thrombosis/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid6637171,
year = {1983},
author = {Hoffmann, L and Esther, G and Neumann, J and Serfling, D and Bast, R},
title = {[Results of the determination of enteral calcium absorption and calcium kinetics with 47Ca in patients with chronic recurring urolithiasis].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {76},
number = {7},
pages = {439-443},
pmid = {6637171},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Recurrence ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {In the context of the classification of hypercalciuria in urolithiasis, the measurement of enteral calcium absorption is very important. A precise method is that of oral load with 47Ca and measurement of its activity by means of a human body counter; 47Ca activity in serum, urine and stools in simultaneously measured. To date 47 patients with chronically recidive calcium lithiasis (with between 3 and over 100 stone episodes) and an average age of 43.2 years have been examined. Calcium absorption lay between 42.7% and 90.0% of the dose, the average was 59.3% with a standard deviation of +/- 12.9. This is higher than in persons with healthy kidneys, but not significantly so. Calcium absorption is significantly lower in patients with renal insufficiency. The studies on calcium kinetics revealed turnover rates and pool sizes within the normal range.},
}
@article {pmid6224621,
year = {1983},
author = {Bichler, KH and Kirchner, C and Weiser, H and Korn, S and Strohmaier, W and Schmitz-Moormann, P and Hanck, A and Nelde, HJ},
title = {Influence of vitamin A deficiency on the excretion of uromucoid and other substances in the urine of rats.},
journal = {Clinical nephrology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {32-39},
pmid = {6224621},
issn = {0301-0430},
mesh = {Albuminuria/urine ; Animals ; Calcium/urine ; Glycosaminoglycans/urine ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Mucoproteins/*urine ; Phosphates/urine ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred WF ; Vitamin A Deficiency/*urine ; beta 2-Microglobulin/urine ; },
abstract = {Male Fü-albino rats were weaned at the age of four weeks and maintained on a vitamin A-deficient diet. When they were 14-18 and 21-26 weeks old, the concentration of uromucoid, calcium and other substances possibly important for the pathogenesis of urinary calculi were determined. Reduced uromucoid excretion with hypercalciuria and reduced phosphate levels were observed. Subsequent examination of the kidneys did not demonstrate the presence of nephrocalcinosis or lithiasis. The relation between vitamin A, the synthesis of uromucoid and AMPS and calcium metabolism in the renal tubules is discussed.},
}
@article {pmid6637167,
year = {1983},
author = {Fahlenkamp, D and Bick, C and Brien, G and Buchali, K},
title = {[Diagnosis of absorptive hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {76},
number = {6},
pages = {399-402},
pmid = {6637167},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Urinary Calculi/diet therapy/*urine ; },
abstract = {Reference is made to the significance of hypercalciuria in the aetiology of calcium oxalate lithiasis. Differentiation between the various forms of hypercalciuria allows the therapy to be suited to the respective causes. In order to measure intestinal calcium absorption the authors examined serum samples from 22 patients after oral administration of Ca47; in 13 cases absorptive calciuria was diagnosed.},
}
@article {pmid6863959,
year = {1983},
author = {Lingeman, JE},
title = {Nephrolithiasis: a controllable disease.},
journal = {The Journal of the Indiana State Medical Association},
volume = {76},
number = {5},
pages = {313-318},
pmid = {6863959},
issn = {0019-6770},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cystinuria/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid6688144,
year = {1983},
author = {Sherrard, DJ},
title = {Metabolic causes of nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The Western journal of medicine},
volume = {138},
number = {4},
pages = {541-545},
pmid = {6688144},
issn = {0093-0415},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/metabolism ; Calcitriol/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cystinuria/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*metabolism ; Oxalates/urine ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {This discussion was selected from the weekly Grand Rounds in the Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle. Taken from the transcription, it has been edited by Drs Paul G. Ramsey, Assistant Professor of Medicine, and Philip J. Fialkow, Professor of Medicine and Chairman of the Department of Medicine.},
}
@article {pmid6575788,
year = {1983},
author = {Haddock, L and Rabell, V and Vázquez Plard, J and Aguiló, F and Vázquez, MC and Vázquez Quintana, E and de León, E},
title = {The clinical, biochemical, operative and pathological analysis of 38 cases with primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Boletin de la Asociacion Medica de Puerto Rico},
volume = {75},
number = {4},
pages = {159-166},
pmid = {6575788},
issn = {0004-4849},
support = {FR-0063//PHS HHS/United States ; TI-AM-5097/TI/CSAT SAMHSA HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Diseases/complications ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*diagnosis ; Hyperthyroidism/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6835411,
year = {1983},
author = {Lycklama a Nijeholt, AA and Steenhoff-Bosma, CL and Blomen, LJ and Bijvoet, OL},
title = {[Dietary recommendations to patients with urinary tract calculi].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
volume = {127},
number = {10},
pages = {416-420},
pmid = {6835411},
issn = {0028-2162},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; *Diet ; Dietary Proteins/adverse effects ; Humans ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Purines/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid6880917,
year = {1983},
author = {Ruiz-Marcellán, FJ and Bernshtam, J and Pinto, B},
title = {[Mechanisms of renal lithiasis. IX-Effect of medical treatment in normocalcemic-hypercalciuric patients after 5 years].},
journal = {Actas urologicas espanolas},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {99-102},
pmid = {6880917},
issn = {0210-4806},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/therapy ; Recurrence ; Risk ; },
}
@article {pmid6834573,
year = {1983},
author = {Caudarella, R and Stefani, F and Rizzoli, E and Malavolta, N and D'Antuono, G},
title = {Preliminary results of glycosminoglycans excretion in normal and stone forming subjects: relationship with uric acid excretion.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {129},
number = {3},
pages = {665-667},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)52274-0},
pmid = {6834573},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans/*urine ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Uric Acid/*urine ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {In calcium lithiasis, pathogenesis inhibitors have a significant role to play which permits raising of the upper metastability limit in the urine, thus reducing the crystallization processes. The aim of this work is to evaluate glycosaminoglycans excretion and concentration in a group of patients with idiopathic calcium lithiasis, and in a control group for detecting possible differences between the 2 groups. Analysis of our results shows that no significant differences exist between the 24-hour average excretion of glycosaminoglycans in normal and stone forming subjects, but there was a significant difference in the mean concentration values between the 2 groups, either as whole or when separately considered with respect to normal or increased uric acid excretion. Particularly interesting was the correlation study between glycosaminoglycans and uric acid which shows a linear relationship with a positive slope in all groups but in stone formers with hyperuricosuria.},
}
@article {pmid6834539,
year = {1983},
author = {Breslau, NA and Pak, CY},
title = {Lack of effect of salt intake on urinary uric acid excretion.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {129},
number = {3},
pages = {531-532},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)52219-3},
pmid = {6834539},
issn = {0022-5347},
support = {M01-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P50-AM20543/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AM16061/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Extracellular Space ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Sodium Chloride/*pharmacology ; Uric Acid/*urine ; },
abstract = {Although it has been established that acute expansion of the extracellular fluid volume results in enhanced uric acid clearance, the effect of chronic volume expansion by a high salt diet on urinary uric acid excretion has not been examined. Eleven normal subjects were placed on a constant diet containing 10 mEq. sodium per day for 10 days, followed by 240 mEq. sodium daily for another 10 days. Measurements were performed on the final 3 days of each phase. Urinary sodium increased from 9 plus or minus 3 standard error to 221 plus or minus 9 mEq. per day (p less than 0.001), and uric acid clearance increased from 5.9 plus or minus 0.4 to 7.1 plus or minus 0.6 ml. per minute (p less than 0.01). However, serum uric acid decreased from 6.4 plus or minus 0.4 to 5.5 plus or minus 0.3 mg./dl. (p less than 0.001). Total urinary excretion of uric acid did not change (533 plus or minus 24 to 535 plus or minus 26 mg. per day). A high salt diet does not result in sustained hyperuricosuria, although it may predispose to kidney stone formation in other ways.},
}
@article {pmid6223164,
year = {1983},
author = {Katoh, O},
title = {[Experimental analysis on acidic mucopolysaccharides of canine pancreatic juice. Role of acidic mucopolysaccharides in pancreatic stone formation].},
journal = {Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology},
volume = {80},
number = {3},
pages = {863-871},
pmid = {6223164},
issn = {0446-6586},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calculi/*etiology ; Dogs ; Glycosaminoglycans/*metabolism ; Hexosamines/metabolism ; Pancreas/metabolism ; Pancreatic Diseases/*etiology ; Pancreatic Juice/*analysis ; },
}
@article {pmid6834526,
year = {1983},
author = {Hautmann, R and Osswald, H},
title = {Concentration profiles of calcium and oxalate in urine, tubular fluid and renal tissue--some theoretical considerations.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {129},
number = {2},
pages = {433-436},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)52133-3},
pmid = {6834526},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Crystallization ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Medulla/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Nephrons/metabolism ; Oxalates/*metabolism/urine ; Oxalic Acid ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism/urine ; Urodynamics ; },
abstract = {This paper analyzes some aspects of the pathophysiology of urolithiasis. It is emphasized that a better understanding of factors contributing to stone formation can only be gained when the primary nucleation site is identified. Three compartments are considered in which supersaturation as a precondition for stone formation could be present: urine in the urinary tract, tubular fluid from the glomerulus down to the duct of Bellini, and the interstitium of the medulla. From calculations based on micropuncture data it becomes apparent that the oxalate concentration in the tubular fluid at the bend of Henle's loop is 1 or 2 orders of magnitude lower than in the duct of Bellini and that the oxalate concentration maximum invariably must be located in the final urine. The calculation of a tubular concentration profile of oxalate shows, that the probability of intra luminal crystal formation is even less likely for plasma oxalate values of 2-3 microM as compared to 1.2 microM, which therefore should be the correct value. The time necessary for the growth of crystals up to a critical size which can obstruct tubules or ureter is not available in the urinary tract nor in the tubules. However, in the medullary interstitium, where solute concentration is highest, nearly unlimited time for crystal growth is available due to the fact, that in this compartment convective flow is very low. It is concluded that the interstitium of the inner medulla has the best chances to function as the primary nucleation site where particles can be formed of a size which subsequently can obstruct the urinary tract.},
}
@article {pmid6301423,
year = {1983},
author = {Singhal, PC and Jacobson, AL and Mandin, H and Hyne, JB},
title = {Calcium dynamics in idiopathic calcium stone formers.},
journal = {Biochemical medicine},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {122-133},
doi = {10.1016/0006-2944(83)90061-3},
pmid = {6301423},
issn = {0006-2944},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Cations/pharmacology ; Citrates/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Magnesium/pharmacology ; Male ; Oxalates/pharmacology ; Phosphates/pharmacology ; Sodium/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Ionic calcium, calcium binding sites, and other urinary variables were measured in 58 patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis and 36 normal subjects. The patients showed higher urinary concentrations of calcium. The mean calcium excretion (mmole/24 hr) was 4.45 +/- 0.56 (+/- 1 SEM) in patients and 2.19 +/- 0.22 (+/- 1 SEM) in normal subjects. This difference was highly significant (P less than 0.001). The mean ionic calcium excretion (mmole/24 hr) was 1.90 +/- 0.21 (+/- 1 SEM) for patients and 0.97 +/- 0.12 (+/- 1 SEM) for control subjects. The normal subjects showed significantly higher (P less than 0.01) concentrations and total excretions of magnesium and citrate. Excretory patterns for sodium, potassium, phosphate, and oxalate were not significantly different. The normal subjects had higher mean urinary concentrations of binding sites for calcium ions (23.2 +/- 4.8 mM) than the patients (18.5 +/- 2.9 mM). However, as the patients had higher urinary volumes the difference in the 24-hr excretion of calcium binding sites was not significant statistically. Out of 58 patients 43 (74%) were hypercalciuric. Twenty patients (46%) were categorized as an absorptive group and one patient as a resorptive type, and for the rest of the patients (51%) the mechanism of hypercalciuria remained unidentified. Only two of the control subjects (5%) were found to be hypercalciuric under calcium restricted diet conditions. Though these "control" subjects excreted a high amount of calcium there was no associated increase in the fraction of the calcium in the ionic form (0.37). Patients, however, still had relatively high fractions of ionic calcium (0.48 +/- 0.03).},
}
@article {pmid6220270,
year = {1983},
author = {Clavel, J and Lacour, B and Bruneau, M and Roullet, JB and Ulmann, A},
title = {[Urinary excretion of lithogenic substances in hospitalized patients with calcium lithiasis. Physiopathologic meaning and prognostic value].},
journal = {Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {27-30},
pmid = {6220270},
issn = {0755-4982},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Diet ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/physiopathology/*urine ; Male ; Prognosis ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {The urinary excretion of various substances involved in kidney stone formation was evaluated in 67 patients with hypercalciuric lithiasis (HCl), 36 lithiasis patients with normal calciuria (NCl) and 21 controls without urinary stones. All subjects were hospitalized for 3 days and given a calcium, phosphorous and sodium-controlled diet. The 24-hour urine volume was significantly larger in the HCl and NCl groups than in controls. The 24-hour Ca, Na and uric acid excretion was significantly greater in the HCl group than in the NCl and control groups. Oxalate and pyrophosphate excretion was the same in all three groups. Urinary Ca correlated with urinary creatinine in the HCl and control groups, but the slope and ordinate of the regression line were significantly higher in the former group. Similarly, urinary Na correlated with urinary creatinine in the HCl and control groups with a significantly steeper slope in the HCl group. These data are suggestive of abnormalities in the tubular reabsorption of Ca and Na in HCl patients. Finally, there was no correlation between the values obtained and the activity of the disease, as evaluated by the finding of at least 3 urinary stones or one staghorn calculus during the 5 years preceding the study. It is concluded that measurements of Ca, Na, uric acid, creatine, oxalates and phosphates during a stay in hospital provide pathophysiological information but cannot be taken as indices of urolithiasis activity.},
}
@article {pmid6889184,
year = {1983},
author = {Krzeski, T and Borówka, A and Gustowski, W and Atal, CK and Orkiszewska, A},
title = {Clinical evaluation of a new antilithiatic drug, "Debelysin".},
journal = {Polish journal of pharmacology and pharmacy},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {1-6},
pmid = {6889184},
issn = {0301-0244},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Calcium/urine ; Creatinine/blood ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plant Extracts/*therapeutic use ; Radiography ; Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {"Debelysin", a new antinephrolithiatic drug, was administered in 5-ml oral doses, 3 times daily: to 30 nephrolithiatic patients for 6 months, and to 30 patients with surgically removed renal calculi for 12 months. "Debelysin" showed diuretic action which affected neither the electrolyte nor the acid-alkaline balance. The majority of patients responded to "Debelysin" with a decrease in diurnal calciuria and phosphaturia. During the treatment the calculi did not increase in size and the recurrence of the lithiasis was not observed. No toxic and clinical side effects of "Debelysin" were noted.},
}
@article {pmid6862698,
year = {1983},
author = {Touitou, Y and Touitou, C and Charransol, G and Reinberg, A and Thomas, J and Bogdan, A and Barthelemy, C and Desgrez, P},
title = {Alterations in circadian rhythmicity in calcium oxalate renal stone formers.},
journal = {International journal of chronobiology},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {175-192},
pmid = {6862698},
issn = {0300-9998},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Glycolates/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*physiopathology ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {The circadian (circannual for oxalic acid) variations of 13 urinary variables (volume, creatinine, calcium, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, phosphates, urea, uric acid, chloride, sodium, and potassium) have been documented in 7 calcium oxalate renal stone formers and 7 healthy men (control group). Urine was collected every 4 h over a period of 24 h. All subjects had the same synchronization: diurnal activity from 07(00) to 23(00) +/- 1 h and nocturnal rest; meals were given at fixed clock hours (08(00), 12(30) and 20(00) +/- 1 h). A statistically-significant rhythm (p less than 0.05) was validated for all variables except urea and calcium in healthy men. In renal stone formers, 6 variables (calcium, oxalic acid, and glycolic acid in particular) had no detectable circadian rhythm. However, a periodicity of c. 8 h (ultradian rhythm) was demonstrated for calcium and oxalic acid with peaks being located around 02(00), 10(00), and 18(00). No circannual variations in oxalic acid output could be observed. The present study shows an alteration of the periodicity of calcium and oxalic metabolisms, i.e. the loss of a circadian (24-h) rhythm and the occurrence of an ultradian rhythm of 8 h. The risk of calcium-oxalate crystallisation appears thus greater at 02(00), 10(00), and 18(00). Furthermore, any study dealing with oxalic acid excretion should state the season of urine collection when comparing renal stone formers and healthy subjects, as significant differences in oxaluria may appear during the summer months and not during the rest of the year.},
}
@article {pmid6672511,
year = {1983},
author = {Negroni de Bonvehi, MB and Iraola, E and Stoiz, ME},
title = {In vitro calculus formation from Actinomyces strains of oral origin.},
journal = {Medicina},
volume = {43},
number = {3},
pages = {296-300},
pmid = {6672511},
issn = {0025-7680},
mesh = {Actinomyces/isolation &amp; purification/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Culture Media ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microscopy, Electron ; Salivary Duct Calculi/etiology/*microbiology ; },
}
@article {pmid6657669,
year = {1983},
author = {Lindergård, B and Colleen, S and Månsson, W and Rademark, C and Rogland, B},
title = {Calcium-loading test and bone disease in patients with urolithiasis.},
journal = {Proceedings of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association. European Dialysis and Transplant Association},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {460-465},
pmid = {6657669},
issn = {0071-2736},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minerals/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/classification/*metabolism/therapy ; },
abstract = {A group of 121 patients with a history of multiple or complicated calcium urolithiasis were divided into three subgroups: normal, absorptive and renal/resorptive calciuria by means of a calcium-loading test. Patients with renal hypercalciuria had lower bone mineral content (BMC) than the other groups but did not differ in amount of bone or TmPO4/GFR. The 24-hour urine calcium excretion was elevated in patients with renal and absorptive type of hypercalciuria but not in patients with normal calcium-loading test and there was no correlation to BMC. The c-AMP/creatinine seemed to discriminate patients with resorptive calciuria from patients with renal calciuria. It is suggested that only patients with renal hypercalciuria should be treated with calcium-retaining drugs such as thiazides.},
}
@article {pmid6657663,
year = {1983},
author = {Tschöpe, W and Ritz, E and Schmidt-Gayk, H and Knebel, L},
title = {Different effects of oral glycine and methionine on urinary lithogenic substances.},
journal = {Proceedings of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association. European Dialysis and Transplant Association},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {407-410},
pmid = {6657663},
issn = {0071-2736},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/urine ; Dietary Proteins/adverse effects ; Glycine/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Methionine/*pharmacology ; Oxalates/urine ; Oxalic Acid ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/urine ; },
abstract = {Nine male healthy volunteers were examined during a control period, during an oral glycine load (45 g/day, 600 mmol) and oral methionine (6 g/day, 40 mmol). Glycine caused a significant increase of urinary oxalate above baseline (from 644 to 797 mumol/day) without change in calciuria (4.74 vs 4.84 mmol/day). In contrast methionine caused no change of oxaluria, but a significant increase in calciuria (from 4.74 to 6.9 mmol/day). Alterations of lithogenic ions in urine after protein ingestion are mediated by different amino acids. The particular lithogenic risk of animal protein may be related to its high methionine/cystine and glycine content.},
}
@article {pmid6657662,
year = {1983},
author = {Bataille, P and Pruna, A and Gregoire, I and Charransol, G and de Fremont, JF and Coevoet, B and Galy, C and Fournier, A},
title = {Critical role of oxalate restriction in association with calcium restriction to decrease the probability of being a stone former: insufficient effect in idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Proceedings of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association. European Dialysis and Transplant Association},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {401-406},
pmid = {6657662},
issn = {0071-2736},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Diet ; Humans ; Oxalates/administration &amp; dosage ; Oxalic Acid ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {The probability of being a stone former (PSF) was calculated according to the method of Robertson in three groups of idiopathic calcium stone formers (normocalciuria (NCa), dietary hypercalciuria (DH) and idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH] during four conditions: on a free diet; on a calcium and oxalate restricted diet for four days and after an oxalate load (200 g of spinach) while on a calcium unrestricted or calcium restricted diet. Combined calciuria (Ca) and oxaluria (Ox) restriction significantly decreased PSF only in NCa and DH whereas the decrease was not significant in IH because of a concomitant significant increase in oxalate excretion. Increase of PSF with the oxalate load was significantly greater on calcium restricted than on calcium unrestricted diets in all groups of patients (4-6-12 times greater in NCa, DH and IH respectively). This shows the critical role of oxalate restriction when calcium is restricted in order to decrease the PSF. Combined restriction is not sufficient in idiopathic hypercalciuric patients to decrease their probability of stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid6605551,
year = {1983},
author = {Schor, N and dos Santos, DR and Ajzen, H and Ramos, OL},
title = {[Renal lithiasis: metabolic study and clinical treatment].},
journal = {AMB : revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira},
volume = {29},
number = {1-2},
pages = {21-25},
pmid = {6605551},
issn = {0102-843X},
mesh = {*Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cellulose/*analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Cystinuria ; Diet ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6304968,
year = {1983},
author = {Kohri, K and Kataoka, K and Iguchi, M and Yachiku, S and Kurita, T},
title = {Oral calcium tolerance test and serum calcitonin in calcium stone formers.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {33-37},
pmid = {6304968},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcitonin/*blood ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/physiopathology ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Ninety-seven male patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis and 17 normal male subjects were studied to evaluate the mechanism of idiopathic hypercalciuria with an oral calcium tolerance test, which has been useful in differentiating hypercalciuria. The changes in parathyroid function, such as parathormone and urinary cyclic AMP, and calcium after calcium load differed between absorptive hypercalciuria and renal hypercalciuria. We have confirmed that the change in serum calcitonin after calcium load was also different in these two hypercalciurias. The increase in serum calcium was sufficient to reduce parathyroid function but serum calcitonin was unchanged after calcium load in the control group, in patients with normocalciuria, and those with renal hypercalciuria. Although serum and urinary calcium were more elevated in absorptive hypercalciuria than in the other three groups, parathyroid function was not significantly reduced after loading in absorptive hypercalciuria. In this group only, the serum calcitonin was significantly elevated after calcium load. It is reasonable to suggest that, in this group, because parathyroid function is usually suppressed by intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, parathyroid function may not be further suppressed by even calcium load. Possibly the significant stimulation of calcitonin may compensate for the lack of suppression of parathyroid function and maintain normal serum calcium levels in absorptive hypercalciuria. These results suggest that the change in serum calcitonin is also useful to differentiate abnormalities of calcium metabolism in patients with hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid7187297,
year = {1982},
author = {Schmitt, WG},
title = {[Radiation absorption, water content and contrast medium impregnation of gallstones].},
journal = {Computertomographie},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {197-201},
pmid = {7187297},
issn = {0720-0501},
mesh = {Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bile Pigments/metabolism ; Body Water/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Cholecystography ; Cholelithiasis/*diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Contrast Media/*administration &amp; dosage ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Gallstones extracted by surgery were examined for CT density, which was compared with the x-ray-film, floating performance and chemical analysis of the stones. So far, the water content of the biliary concrements--14% on the average--has not been given much attention. Drying will considerably reduce the density; examination of dried gallstones yields a false picture of direct ray absorption. Pure cholesterol stones do not float in water, and they show positive values on Hounsfield's scale (+30--+60). The article discusses the question whether CT is suitable for effecting a better selection of gallstone patients who can be treated by drug therapy.},
}
@article {pmid7149949,
year = {1982},
author = {Claus-Walker, J and Halstead, LS},
title = {Metabolic and endocrine changes in spinal cord injury: IV. Compounded neurologic dysfunctions.},
journal = {Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation},
volume = {63},
number = {12},
pages = {632-638},
pmid = {7149949},
issn = {0003-9993},
support = {16P-56813/6//PHS HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcitonin/blood ; Calcium/metabolism ; Collagen/metabolism ; Humans ; Minerals/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Quadriplegia/complications/metabolism ; Spinal Cord Injuries/complications/*metabolism ; Vitamin D/blood ; },
abstract = {This is the last of a 4-part series which provides a comprehensive review and analysis of the pertinent literature published over the last 25 years on the metabolic and endocrine consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI). The studies on SCI patients reviewed in this article include reports and investigations concerning calcium kinetics, bone minerals in blood and urine, collagen metabolites in urine, bone-related vitamins, hormones and enzymes, osteoporosis, urinary stones, ectopic calcifications, and bone histology and chemistry. Information from articles reviewed here is organized under the following headings: Problems studied, Methods of investigation and results, Conclusions, Summary of results, Discrepancies, Areas of research needed, and Practical clinical implications. Highlights of pertinent data contained in the original articles are organized in tables to facilitate direct comparisons between similar studies and between data on healthy and spinal cord injured subjects.},
}
@article {pmid7145187,
year = {1982},
author = {Tizzani, A and Scaglione, C and Cevoli, R and Giona, C and Frea, B},
title = {[Diet therapy in the prevention of renal calculosis].},
journal = {Minerva medica},
volume = {73},
number = {44},
pages = {3107-3112},
pmid = {7145187},
issn = {0026-4806},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Diet Therapy/*methods ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*prevention &amp; control ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The importance of diet within the framework of effective therapeutic measures in the prophylaxis of recurring lithiasis is emphasised. Some diet sheets are presented.},
}
@article {pmid7176047,
year = {1982},
author = {Scholz, D and Schwille, PO and Sigel, A},
title = {Double-blind study with thiazide in recurrent calcium lithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {128},
number = {5},
pages = {903-907},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)53269-3},
pmid = {7176047},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Carbonate/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Citrates/urine ; Citric Acid ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*therapeutic use ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Potassium/metabolism ; Random Allocation ; },
abstract = {The effect of 25 mg. hydrochlorothiazide twice daily on the meta-phylaxis of recurrent calcium lithiasis was compared to placebo in a double-blind study during 1 year in 51 patients. A distinct and continuous decrease in urinary calcium excretion occurred only in patients given hyrochlorothiazide. On the other hand, both groups showed a slight increase in total serum calcium levels, unchanged values for ionized and ultrafilterable calcium, and decreased urinary excretion of oxalate during the study. The activity products of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate also were decreased in both groups but remained within the metastable range. Spontaneous passage of renal stones occurred during treatment in 6 patients given placebo and in 6 treated with hydrochlorothiazide despite decreased urinary calcium excretion in the latter group. The findings show the specific effect of hydrochlorothiazide treatment to be a decrease in urinary calcium excretion in patients with calcium lithiasis, while other changes appear to be nonspecific effects of treatment.},
}
@article {pmid7105633,
year = {1982},
author = {Marangella, M and Fruttero, B and Bruno, M and Linari, F},
title = {Hyperoxaluria in idiopathic calcium stone disease: further evidence of intestinal hyperabsorption of oxalate.},
journal = {Clinical science (London, England : 1979)},
volume = {63},
number = {4},
pages = {381-385},
doi = {10.1042/cs0630381},
pmid = {7105633},
issn = {0143-5221},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Oxalates/*metabolism/urine ; Oxalic Acid ; },
abstract = {1. Seventeen healthy controls and 63 patients with idiopathic calcium stone disease of the urinary tract were investigated for urinary calcium and oxalate excretion and for [14C]oxalate intestinal absorption. 2. Under comparable controlled dietary intake a significant increase in calcium excretion as found in patients with stone disease. Oxalate excretion and [14C]oxalate intestinal absorption were mildly but not significantly increased. When patients with stone disease were subdivided into normocalciuric and hypercalciuric subjects, oxalate excretion and [14C]oxalate absorption were significantly increased in the latter. There was a significant direct relationship between calcium excretion and both oxalate excretion and [14C]oxalate absorption. 3. [14C]Oxalate absorption increased significantly in 22 stone-formers when dietary calcium was changed from normal to low. 4. The kinetics of [14C]oxalate intestinal absorption showed that the main difference between normocalciuric and hypercalciuric subjects occurred within the first 6 h after the oxalate-labelled meal. 5. These results confirm that mild hyperoxaluria is a frequent feature of idiopathic calcium stone disease even when patients and controls are studied under controlled dietary conditions. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that hyperoxaluria is secondary to calcium hyperabsorption and is upper intestinal in origin.},
}
@article {pmid6763688,
year = {1982},
author = {Głuszek, J and Raszeja-Wanic, B and Kosicka, T},
title = {[Role of dietary factors in the pathogenesis of calcium urolithiasis].},
journal = {Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej},
volume = {68},
number = {4},
pages = {245-250},
pmid = {6763688},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Diet/*adverse effects ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Proteins/administration &amp; dosage ; Humans ; Magnesium/administration &amp; dosage ; Oxalates/urine ; Phosphates/administration &amp; dosage ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid6300631,
year = {1982},
author = {Broadus, AE},
title = {Primary hyperparathyroidism viewed as a bihormonal disease process.},
journal = {Mineral and electrolyte metabolism},
volume = {8},
number = {3-4},
pages = {199-214},
pmid = {6300631},
issn = {0378-0392},
support = {AM 20570/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; RR125/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcitriol/*physiology ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/drug therapy/*physiopathology ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica/etiology ; Parathyroid Hormone/*physiology ; Phosphorus/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid7176187,
year = {1982},
author = {Kawamura, J and Okada, Y and Yoshida, O and Shigeno, C and Morita, R and Torizuka, K},
title = {[Effects of long-term thiazide therapy on calcium and phosphate metabolism in patients with hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Nihon Jinzo Gakkai shi},
volume = {24},
number = {8},
pages = {921-928},
pmid = {7176187},
issn = {0385-2385},
mesh = {Adult ; *Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/*administration &amp; dosage ; Time Factors ; Urinary Calculi/*prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid7129915,
year = {1982},
author = {Hartung, R and Leskovar, P and Hropot, M},
title = {[Attempts at regulation of urinary excretion of citrates].},
journal = {Helvetica chirurgica acta},
volume = {49},
number = {3-4},
pages = {435-439},
pmid = {7129915},
issn = {0018-0181},
mesh = {Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbonic Acid/metabolism ; Citrates/*urine ; Rats ; Urinary Calculi/*prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid6813564,
year = {1982},
author = {Scholz, D and Schwille, PO and Husemann, B and Herzog, T and Schley, HW and Morzinietz, C and Sigel, A},
title = {Mineral metabolism during prolonged oral calcium substitution after jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity.},
journal = {Klinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {60},
number = {15},
pages = {803-809},
pmid = {6813564},
issn = {0023-2173},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*administration &amp; dosage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ileum/*surgery ; Jejunum/*surgery ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Long-Term Care ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minerals/*metabolism ; Obesity/blood/*therapy/urine ; Postoperative Period ; },
abstract = {The influence of jejuno-ileal bypass surgery on mineral metabolism was studied in patients with morbid obesity before operation, and 2 and 5 years after-wards. When calcium and potassium were orally substituted post-operatively, in serum calcium fractions, parathyroid hormone, phosphate, potassium and the bone mineral content remained unchanged, while serum magnesium decreased. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was already low before bypass operation, and did not change thereafter. Post-operatively, the urinary excretion of oxalate rose into the upper normal range, while that of calcium, magnesium and citrate was markedly reduced. The urinary activity product of calcium oxalate rose slightly, but that of brushite decreased. Since these changes were manifest in the urine of all patients, the reasons for the post-operative formation of renal stones in 4 of 19 patients remain unclear at the moment. We conclude that the recommendation for precise oral calcium substitution after jejuno-ileal bypass operation seems justified in order to avoid serious disturbances of calcium metabolism in the long term, and to reduce intestinal oxalate absorption.},
}
@article {pmid7148172,
year = {1982},
author = {Bach, D},
title = {[Metabolic studies in patients with urinary calculi].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {75},
number = {7},
pages = {545-552},
pmid = {7148172},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Citrates/metabolism ; Citric Acid ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/blood/*metabolism/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid7134554,
year = {1982},
author = {González-Calvin, JL and Zuluaga Gómez, A and García-Valdecasas, J and Núñez Carril, J and Mora Lara, J and Peña Angulo, JF and Peña Yáñez, A},
title = {[Effects of sucrose ingestion on calciuria and other urinary constituents in renal lithiasis patients and in asymptomatic relatives].},
journal = {Revista clinica espanola},
volume = {165},
number = {5-6},
pages = {325-327},
pmid = {7134554},
issn = {0014-2565},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*pharmacology ; Diuresis/drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/genetics/metabolism/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sucrose/*pharmacology ; },
}
@article {pmid7091050,
year = {1982},
author = {Juan, D and Wehrmeister, J},
title = {Diagnostic utility of carboxyl-terminal and intact parathyroid hormone immunoassays in hospitalized patients.},
journal = {American journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {77},
number = {6},
pages = {720-725},
doi = {10.1093/ajcp/77.6.720},
pmid = {7091050},
issn = {0002-9173},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/diagnosis ; *Health Services ; *Health Services Misuse ; *Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/diagnosis ; Immunoassay/methods ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood ; Peptide Fragments/*blood ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {In a university-affiliated community hospital, medical records of 58 patients on whom the intact parathyroid hormone immunoassay (I-PTH) and 29 patients on whom both the carboxyl terminal PTH(C-PTH) and I-PTH ordered by physicians were reviewed to determine the reasons for requesting these tests. Reasons for ordering the PTH tests include (1) the evaluation of hypercalcemic patients (25/58 I-PTH); (2) the evaluation of hypocalcemic patients (2/58 I-PTH); (3) to rule out primary hyperparathyroidism in normocalcemic stone formers (4/58 I-PTH, 4/29 C-PTH) and in those with abnormal skeletal x-ray (3/48 I-PTH 1/29 C-PTH); (4) to follow patients with chronic renal failure on dialysis (11/58 I-PTH, 9/29 C-PTH); (5) to rule out ectopic hyperparathyroidism in patients with cancer (2/58 I-PTH, 3/29 C-PTH); (6) to satisfy physicians' intellectual curiosity of patients with diabetes mellitus (3/58 I-PTH, 3/29 C-PTH) and obesity (5/58 I-PTH; 6/29 C-PTH); (7) to evaluate acute renal failure (1/29 C-PTH). In 3/58 patients on whom I-PTH tests were ordered, reason(s) could not be determined. The C-PTH was elevated in 9/9 patients with chronic renal failure, 4/6 obese patients, 2/3 patients with cancer, 1/3 diabetic patients, 1/4 stone formers, 2/2 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Patients with chronic renal failure had the highest C-PTH. Based on well established indications for ordering the PTH immunoassays, 25 out of 58 (43%) of I-PTH and 9 out of 29 (31%) of C-PTH ordered are inappropriate.},
}
@article {pmid7087040,
year = {1982},
author = {Ljunghall, S and Backman, U and Danielson, BG and Fellström, B and Johansson, G and Odlind, B and Wikström, B},
title = {Effects of bendroflumethiazide on urate metabolism during treatment of patients with renal stones.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {127},
number = {6},
pages = {1207-1210},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)54298-6},
pmid = {7087040},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Bendroflumethiazide/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Uric Acid/blood/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {Treatment with bendroflumethiazide (2.5 mg, twice daily with potassium supplements) in 63 patients with calcium-containing renal stones for a minimum period of 1 year (average duration of treatment 2.6 years) increased the serum urate values in all patients with an average of 90 mumol./l. (conversion factor: 1 mmol. urate = 183 mg.). Despite this the mean urinary urate excretion was unchanged. In the individual patient a systematic effect of therapy was evident since in patients with low pretreatment values the thiazide increased the urate output while in those with the highest levels before therapy it caused a reduction. In most patients there was a reduction of the urate clearance during therapy, which was most evident in those with the highest pretreatment clearance values. In patients with incomplete types of renal acidification defects the same effects were seen on urate metabolism during thiazide treatment as in the other, idiopathic, stone formers. Although the possible role of urate in calcium stone formation has not been definitely settled this study shows that thiazides do not cause hyperuricosuria and hence their beneficial effects on calcium excretion are not counteracted.},
}
@article {pmid7070408,
year = {1982},
author = {Yendt, ER},
title = {Medullary sponge kidney and nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {306},
number = {18},
pages = {1106-1107},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM198205063061811},
pmid = {7070408},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*complications ; Male ; Medullary Sponge Kidney/*complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid7070404,
year = {1982},
author = {Parks, JH and Coe, FL and Strauss, AL},
title = {Calcium nephrolithiasis and medullary sponge kidney in women.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {306},
number = {18},
pages = {1088-1091},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM198205063061805},
pmid = {7070404},
issn = {0028-4793},
support = {AM 20585/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*complications ; Male ; Medullary Sponge Kidney/*complications ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Sex Factors ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid7086982,
year = {1982},
author = {Pak, CY},
title = {Should patients with single renal stone occurrence undergo diagnostic evaluation?.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {127},
number = {5},
pages = {855-858},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)54106-3},
pmid = {7086982},
issn = {0022-5347},
support = {MO1-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P50-AM20543/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01-AM16061/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnosis/etiology/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Diagnostic evaluation was conducted on 34 patients with a single episode of renal stone formation. Absorptive hypercalciuria as disclosed in 55.9 per cent (23.5 percent type I and 32.4 per cent type II), renal hypercalciuria in 11.8 per cent, primary hyperparathyroidism in 2.9 per cent, hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in 8.8 per cent and no metabolic abnormality in 20.6 per cent. Compared to the group with recurrent stone formation the group with a single stone episode had just as severe biochemical abnormalities or laboratory results, such as hypercalciuria and exaggerated calciuric response to oral calcium load in absorptive hypercalciuria, high fasting urinary calcium and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in renal hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria in hyperuricosuria calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and low urine volume in no metabolic abnormality. The results suggest that the same physiological and environmental disturbances characterize stone formation in patients with a single stone episode as in those with recurrent stone formation and indicate the need for diagnostic evaluation.},
}
@article {pmid7079160,
year = {1982},
author = {Ulmann, A},
title = {[Medical treatment of calcium nephrolithiasis (author's transl)].},
journal = {La Nouvelle presse medicale},
volume = {11},
number = {18},
pages = {1405-1407},
pmid = {7079160},
issn = {0301-1518},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Diuresis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/prevention &amp; control/*therapy ; Mineral Waters ; },
abstract = {Calcium calculi are by far the most frequent of urinary stones. In many cases their formation is enhanced by lithogenetic abnormalities, including idiopathic calciuria. The basis of the treatment is to promote diuresis by absorbing for an indefinite period a mineral water containing less than 100 mg/l of calcium. There is no evidence that drugs reducing calciuria (thiazides, phosphorus) or uraturia (allopurinol) are effective, and they should be reserved to cases of rapidly progressive lithiasis. A long-term strategy for the prevention of lithiasis is discussed.},
}
@article {pmid7130723,
year = {1982},
author = {Merwaha, DC and Singh, R and Mehdiratta, KS and Aggarwal, PS},
title = {Biochemical aspects of lower urinary lithiasis in children.},
journal = {Journal of the Indian Medical Association},
volume = {78},
number = {8},
pages = {125-127},
pmid = {7130723},
issn = {0019-5847},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Humans ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Urea/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7089597,
year = {1982},
author = {Margolin, EG and Cohen, LH},
title = {Genitourinary calcification: an overview.},
journal = {Seminars in roentgenology},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {95-100},
doi = {10.1016/0037-198x(82)90031-1},
pmid = {7089597},
issn = {0037-198X},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; *Magnesium Compounds ; Male ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Radiography ; Struvite ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging/epidemiology/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7089593,
year = {1982},
author = {Singh, EO and Malek, RS},
title = {Calculus disease in the upper urinary tract.},
journal = {Seminars in roentgenology},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {113-132},
doi = {10.1016/0037-198x(82)90033-5},
pmid = {7089593},
issn = {0037-198X},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/abnormalities ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; Kidney Calices/diagnostic imaging ; Nephrocalcinosis/diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Recurrence ; },
}
@article {pmid7077232,
year = {1982},
author = {Schwille, PO and Scholz, D and Schwille, K},
title = {Ultrafiltrable serum citrate and the relationship between serum and urinary citrate results in controls and renal calcium stone formers.},
journal = {Journal of clinical chemistry and clinical biochemistry. Zeitschrift fur klinische Chemie und klinische Biochemie},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {169-173},
doi = {10.1515/cclm.1982.20.4.169},
pmid = {7077232},
issn = {0340-076X},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Citrates/*blood/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/blood/urine ; Kidney Calculi/*blood/urine ; Kinetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values ; },
abstract = {The total and ultrafiltrable citrate of serum were measured in healthy controls, and in patients with calcium-containing kidney stones classified into the various calciuria types (normocalciuria, renal, absorptive, resorptive hypercalciuria). The total citrate in two subgroups (normocalciuria, renal hypercalciuria) was significantly higher than in controls. Two independent analyses showed a mean ultrafiltrable fraction of 0.86 (controls and stone formers, with the exception of resorptive hypercalciuria) and 0.95 (resorptive hypercalciuria), i.e., the calculated extent of binding of citrate to serum macromolecules (greater than 10 000 Daltons). The differences in the fraction of free citrate between controls and renal stone formers are not significant. The apparent mean association constants are (1/mol) 0.24 x 10(2) (controls) and 0.29 x 10(2) (normocalciuria). There is a high correlation between the ultrafiltrable fraction and total citrate in the serum, and also between the ratios urinary/serum creatinine and urinary/serum total citrate, during a 2 h endogenous creatinine clearance in the morning (fasting). These findings suggest that 1) there is citrate binding in the serum, 2) the normal portion of free citrate in total serum citrate of normocalciuric stone formers cannot explain the decreased citrate excretion in 24 h urine of these subjects, 3) under defined conditions of examination (morning; fasting) urinary citrate is determined largely by the filtered load of citrate in the proximal renal tubule.},
}
@article {pmid7180904,
year = {1982},
author = {Maschio, G and Tessitore, N and D'Angelo, A and Fabris, A and Corgnati, A and Oldrizzi, L and Loschiavo, C and Lupo, A and Valvo, E and Gammaro, L and Rugiu, C},
title = {Medullary sponge kidney and hyperparathyroidism--a puzzling association.},
journal = {American journal of nephrology},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {77-84},
doi = {10.1159/000166588},
pmid = {7180904},
issn = {0250-8095},
mesh = {Adenoma/complications ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; Male ; Medullary Sponge Kidney/*complications ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications ; },
abstract = {28 adult patients with radiological evidence of medullary sponge kidney (MSK) were studied. Hypercalcemia and increased serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) values were found in 10 patients (36%). In 7 of them, parathyroid surgery was performed: a single adenoma was found in 6 cases and multiple-gland hyperplasia in 1 case. After surgery, 3 patients had normalization of calcium metabolism; 4 patients had persistence of hypercalciuria with progressive increase in serum PTH values (and recurrence of the adenoma in 1 case). Of the remaining patients, 10 (36%) had definite or marginal hypercalciuria, resulting from renal calcium leak in 8 and from intestinal calcium hyperabsorption in 2 of them. In 8 patients (28%), no evidence of disordered calcium metabolism was found. The association of MSK and hyperparathyroidism is not a chance occurrence. MSK might be a renal anatomical complication of primary hyperparathyroidism, or it might be regarded as an anatomic substrate--or rather as a consequence--of prolonged hypercalciuria, regardless of its pathogenesis. The lack of disordered calcium metabolism in a considerable number of patients, however, shows that the enigma of MSK is still far from being solved.},
}
@article {pmid7166153,
year = {1982},
author = {Busse, HJ and Runge, C and Nilius, R and Zipprich, B and Schmidt, W and Jäger, B},
title = {[Ultrasound determination of size and calcium content of gallstones].},
journal = {Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten},
volume = {42},
number = {6},
pages = {265-271},
pmid = {7166153},
issn = {0012-1053},
mesh = {*Calcium/metabolism ; Cholecystography ; Cholelithiasis/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Reflex ; *Ultrasonography ; },
abstract = {In a prospective study, ultrasound examinations of the gallbladder as well as cholecystocholangiography were carried out in 77 patients with solitary stones and the ultrasound stone symptoms were compared with the x-ray findings. The ultrasound stone reflex as well as the wideness of the sonic-shadow correlated significantly with the size of the stones. The stone size can be approximately calculated from the wideness of the sonic shadow. On the other hand dependence of the ultrasound stone symptoms and the radiographic defined calcium was not evident. While the stone size can be sonographically defined, the indentification of calcium in gallstones continues to remain a domain of radiographic methods.},
}
@article {pmid7121665,
year = {1982},
author = {Schwille, PO and Scholz, D and Schwille, K and Leutschaft, R and Goldberg, I and Sigel, A},
title = {Citrate in urine and serum and associated variables in subgroups of urolithiasis. Results from an outpatient stone clinic.},
journal = {Nephron},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {194-202},
doi = {10.1159/000182646},
pmid = {7121665},
issn = {1660-8151},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Citrates/*metabolism ; Citric Acid ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Outpatient Clinics, Hospital ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Outpatient renal stone formers belonging to the established urolithiasis subgroups and controls were examined with respect to urinary and serum citrate (Cit) and several associated variables. Only in the normocalciuric majority of calcium and in uric acid stone formers was Cit in 24-hour urine decreased, but was normal in 2-hour fasting morning, and in 3-hour postprandial urine following a Cit-free test meal. Serum Cit was elevated in normocalciuria, renal and resorptive hypercalciuria. This Cit constellation was associated with either normal (absorptive, renal hypercalciuria) or low (normocalciuria, uric acid stone formers) parathyroid gland function as assessed by serum parathyroid hormone and nephrogenous urinary cyclic AMP, except in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. In 2-hour morning urine the magnesium/creatinine ratio (normocalciuria) and ammonia excretion (uric acid stone formers) were decreased, while ammonia in 24-hour urine was low in all stone formers. It is suggested that Cit metabolism is altered in renal stone disease in general, and that in normocalciuria, stone inhibitors (Cit; magnesium) may be deficient.},
}
@article {pmid7112764,
year = {1982},
author = {Ljunghall, S and Akerström, G},
title = {Urate metabolism in primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {73-78},
doi = {10.1159/000280800},
pmid = {7112764},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*metabolism ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/surgery ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Urate metabolism was studied in 40 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), 20 of them had a history of renal stones. Preoperatively they had, compared to controls, a reduction of the clearance of urate and a rise of the serum urate concentrations. These disturbances were normalized postoperatively. HPT patients, in particular those with a history of stones, had a high urinary calcium excretion probably as a result of both increased bone resorption and intestinal calcium uptake. There was a close relationship between the urinary urate and calcium excretions preoperatively but not after surgery. There were no consistent differences with regard to urate metabolism in the stone-forming individuals with HPT as compared to those who had never formed a renal stone and thus it seems unlikely that disturbances of urate handling are of any particular importance for the well-known propensity to form stones in primary HPT.},
}
@article {pmid7110473,
year = {1982},
author = {Fellström, B and Backman, U and Danielson, BG and Johansson, G and Ljunghall, S and Wikström, B},
title = {Renal handling of urate in patients with calcium stone disease.},
journal = {Nephron},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {31-36},
doi = {10.1159/000182610},
pmid = {7110473},
issn = {1660-8151},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; Pyrazinamide ; Uric Acid/*blood/*urine ; },
abstract = {The renal handling of urate was investigated in 28 recurrent calcium stone formers and 12 healthy controls. 12 patients were hyperuricosuric and 16 patients had incomplete proximal or distal acidification defects. Measurements of the glomerular filtration and the tubular reabsorption of filtered urate were made through the pyrazinamide (PZA)-suppression test of urate secretion. Hyperuricosuria could not be explained by defects in the renal handling of urate. Patients with proximal acidification defects had a higher tubular reabsorption of filtered urate than the other subjects. Tubular reabsorption of filtered urate was inversely correlated, and filtered urate escaping reabsorption positively correlated to the 24-hour excretion of urate. In contrast, the PZA-suppressible fraction of urate excretion, which is the net effect of tubular secretion and post-secretory reabsorption and thought to be the main regulator of urate excretion, was not correlated to the 24-hour excretion of urate. It is concluded that the renal handling of urate is basically normal in calcium stone disease, whereas minor deviations may co-exist with renal tubular acidification dysfunction.},
}
@article {pmid6764473,
year = {1982},
author = {Johansson, G and Backman, U and Danielson, BG and Fellström, B and Ljunghall, S and Wikström, B},
title = {Effects of magnesium hydroxide in renal stone disease.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Nutrition},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {179-185},
doi = {10.1080/07315724.1982.10718985},
pmid = {6764473},
issn = {0731-5724},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Citrates/metabolism ; Citric Acid ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; Magnesium/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Magnesium Hydroxide/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {Magnesium is a known inhibitor of the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in the urine and was proposed for prophylactic treatment in renal stone disease as early as the 17th and 18th centuries. We have treated 55 patients with recurrent renal calcium stone disease without signs of magnesium deficiency (normal serum magnesium, urinary magnesium, intracellular magnesium in muscle biopsies, gastrointestinal absorption of 28Mg, and magnesium loading test) from our outpatient stone clinic for up to four years with 500 mg Mg2+, in the form of Mg(OH)2, daily. The mean stone episode rate before therapy was 0.8 stones/year/patient. Forty-three recurrent renal calcium stone-formers without medical therapy served as controls. Serum magnesium increased initially but after one year returned to the pretreatment level. Urinary magnesium excretion increased promptly and remained elevated during the follow-up period. The urinary calcium excretion remained unchanged. The magnesium/calcium ratio in the urine increased and approached a value earlier found in healthy subjects without stone disease. Urinary citrate increased on therapy when analysed after three years of treatment. The mean stone episode rate decreased from 0.8 to 0.08 stones/year on treatment and 85% of the patients remained free of recurrence during follow-up, whereas 59% of the patients in the control group continued their stone formation. Side effects were few. Magnesium treatment in renal calcium stone disease is effective with few side effects. No clinical signs of magnesium excess were observed.},
}
@article {pmid6761465,
year = {1982},
author = {Tomita, A},
title = {[Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in pituitary-adrenal diseases].},
journal = {Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {40},
number = {12},
pages = {2719-2723},
pmid = {6761465},
issn = {0047-1852},
mesh = {Acromegaly/metabolism ; Addison Disease/complications ; Adrenal Gland Diseases/*complications/metabolism ; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/complications ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cushing Syndrome/complications ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Osteoporosis/etiology ; Pheochromocytoma/complications ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Pituitary Diseases/*complications/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6761461,
year = {1982},
author = {Ogura, Y and Imamura, N and Tsukui, I},
title = {[Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in Fanconi syndrome and renal tubular acidosis].},
journal = {Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {40},
number = {12},
pages = {2680-2688},
pmid = {6761461},
issn = {0047-1852},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/*complications/metabolism ; Adult ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*etiology ; Child ; Fanconi Syndrome/*complications ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Osteomalacia/etiology ; Phosphates/urine ; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/*etiology ; Rickets/etiology ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; Vitamin D Deficiency/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid6278797,
year = {1982},
author = {Horn, HD},
title = {[Calcium lithiasis II. Idiopathic or hypophosphatemic hypercalciuria? Vitamin D - metabolism and othophosphate therapy].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {75},
number = {1},
pages = {53-61},
pmid = {6278797},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Cholecalciferol/metabolism ; *Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Female ; Humans ; Hypophosphatasia/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Male ; Phosphates/blood/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Steroid Hydroxylases/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase ; },
abstract = {Hypophosphateamia in patients with Ca lithiasis leads to the activation of the vitamin D endocrine system: the plasma 1.25(OH)2-D3 concentration is raised. The raised 1,25(OH)2-D3 biosynthesis causes an increase in intestinal Ca absorption, which in its turn explains the hypercalciuria. The syndrome originally presented by Albright and his pupils as "idiopathic hypercalciuria" in fact corresponds to a secondary, reactive D hypervitaminosis. According to the present findings the often wrongly used term "so-called idiopathic calciuria" should be replaced by the pathogenetically correcter term "hypophosphataemic calciuria". Efficient treatment of this syndrome consists in sufficient oral orthophosphate substitution. In the interests of a better understanding as a requirement for suitable treatment of this metabolic disorder, the vitamin D metabolites and their renal key enzymes, 25-OH-Vitamin-D3-1-Hydroxylase and 25-OH-Vitamin -D3-24-Hydroxylase, are described. The hormonal control add the activation and inactivation of the vitamin D endocrine system are explained independently of the individual Ca and phosphate requirement of the organism. The dependence of renal Ca excretion on the rate of glomerular filtration is pointed out once again. The clinical-diagnostic term hypercalciuria must not be applied globally but individually. Indications, counter-indications, dosage, duration and side-effects of the orthophosphate therapy are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid7322403,
year = {1981},
author = {Carrozzo, M},
title = {[Diagnosis of osteoporosis in its preradiologic phase].},
journal = {Minerva medica},
volume = {72},
number = {50},
pages = {3437-3439},
pmid = {7322403},
issn = {0026-4806},
mesh = {Aged ; Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Densitometry ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/*diagnosis ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Time Factors ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid7321108,
year = {1981},
author = {Pak, CY and McGuire, J and Peterson, R and Britton, F and Harrod, MJ},
title = {Familial absorptive hypercalciuria in a large kindred.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {126},
number = {6},
pages = {717-719},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)54715-1},
pmid = {7321108},
issn = {0022-5347},
support = {M01-RR-00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P50-AM20543/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; T32-AM07307/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*genetics/physiopathology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; },
abstract = {The occurrence of calcareous renal stones in 12 members of a family was consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. All 6 members with stones who were evaluated were shown to have absorptive hypercalciuria. The mother of 2 members with stones did not suffer stones but had biochemical evidence of absorptive hypercalciuria (increased intestinal calcium absorption, hypercalciuria and normal parathyroid function). Nephrolithiasis was encountered only in the progeny of members who had stones of biochemical absorptive hypercalciuria. The results suggest that physiological feature(s) of absorptive hypercalciuria may be an expression of the genetic trait.},
}
@article {pmid7318396,
year = {1981},
author = {Wilson, DR},
title = {Nephrolithiasis: diagnosis and medical management.},
journal = {Comprehensive therapy},
volume = {7},
number = {11},
pages = {31-39},
pmid = {7318396},
issn = {0098-8243},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*etiology/therapy ; Magnesium/metabolism ; *Magnesium Compounds ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Struvite ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7299925,
year = {1981},
author = {Ahlstrand, C and Tiselius, HG},
title = {Metabolic effects of bendroflumethiazide in patients with recurrent calcium oxalate stone disease.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {126},
number = {5},
pages = {635-639},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)54664-9},
pmid = {7299925},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Bendroflumethiazide/*pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Calcium Oxalate ; Citrates/metabolism ; Citric Acid ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; Recurrence ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/blood/drug therapy/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {Two groups of patients with urolithiasis were treated with 2.5 mg. (group A) and 5.0 mg. (group B) bendroflumethiazide daily. There were 14 men and 3 women in group A, and 14 men and 2 women in group B in whom metabolic effects were followed during 1 year of treatment. Serum calcium was significantly increased in group B after 1 month but later returned to the pretreatment level. A significant decrease in serum magnesium was recorded in group B after 6 and 10 months. No significant effect on serum calcium or magnesium was observed in group A. Serum potassium decreased in both groups but serum urate remained at the pre-treatment level. An increased alkalinity was noted in both groups. Urinary calcium was decreased significantly only in group B. Although significantly increased excretion of magnesium was observed after 1 and 6 months in group A this was not encountered in group B, and after 12 months urinary magnesium was at the pre-treatment level in both groups. Urinary excretion of oxalate, urate and citrate appeared to be unaffected by the treatment. The inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth and urine volume did not change. The calcium/magnesium quotient decreased in both groups as did the calcium times oxalate/ magnesium quotient. The main metabolic effect of bendroflumethiazide, with respect to its stone prophylactic property, appears to be a decrease in the calcium/magnesium quotient and a dose of 5 mg. per day probably is more satisfactory than a 2.5 mg. dose.},
}
@article {pmid7298289,
year = {1981},
author = {Pak, CY},
title = {A cautious use of sodium cellulose phosphate in the management of calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {187-190},
pmid = {7298289},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Cellulose/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/*analogs &amp; derivatives ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/therapy ; Magnesium/administration &amp; dosage/urine ; Malabsorption Syndromes/*drug therapy/therapy ; Male ; Oxalates/urine ; },
abstract = {Oral sodium cellulose phosphate, an inhibitor of intestinal calcium absorption, may reduce urinary magnesium, increase urinary oxalate, and have a limited hypocalciuric action or cause negative calcium balance in the absence of increased calcium absorption or in the presence of renal calcium "leak". To overcome these potential complications, we have taken the following precautions: oral magnesium supplements were given, a moderate oxalate restriction was imposed, a modest dose of sodium cellulose phosphate was used (usually 10 g per day), and only patients with documented absorptive hypercalciuria were treated. During a cumulative treatment period of 42.8 years, 18 patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis showed a sustained reduction in urinary calcium, without developing consistent or substantial reduction in urinary magnesium, hyperoxaluria, hyperparathyroidism, or reduced bone density, Urinary saturation (relative saturation ratio) of calcium oxalate and brushite typically decreased. Remission of stone disease was found in 78 per cent of patients. We conclude that sodium cellulose phosphate is a useful drug for absorptive hypercalciuria when used appropriately.},
}
@article {pmid7198325,
year = {1981},
author = {Asbach, HW and Kösters, S},
title = {["Milk-of-calcium" renal cyst (author's transl)].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {397-399},
pmid = {7198325},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcinosis/*diagnostic imaging ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/*diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urography ; },
abstract = {In milk-of-calcium renal cysts a suspension of fine calcific sediment is contained in a pyelogenic cyst. This very rare condition may be misinterpreted as solid renal calculi. The true roentgenologic diagnosis is established by films taken with the patient upright or sitting: the calcific material gravitating to the bottom of the cyst results in the characteristic half-moon contour.},
}
@article {pmid7346510,
year = {1981},
author = {Gupta, MM and Bed, TT and Kuppuswamy, G},
title = {Some metabolic studies in patients with renal calcium stone disease.},
journal = {The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India},
volume = {29},
number = {10},
pages = {825-829},
pmid = {7346510},
issn = {0004-5772},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid6458761,
year = {1981},
author = {Burnier, JP and Borowski, M and Furie, BC and Furie, B},
title = {Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid.},
journal = {Molecular and cellular biochemistry},
volume = {39},
number = {},
pages = {191-207},
pmid = {6458761},
issn = {0300-8177},
support = {HL-18834/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; HL-21543/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; T32 HL-07437/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {1-Carboxyglutamic Acid/biosynthesis/chemical synthesis/*physiology ; Animals ; Arteriosclerosis/metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Blood Proteins/physiology ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcinosis/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/physiology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Factor IX/physiology ; Factor VII/physiology ; Factor X/physiology ; Glutamates/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/physiology ; Humans ; Metals/metabolism ; Osteocalcin ; Protein C ; Protein S ; Proteins/metabolism ; Prothrombin/physiology ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism ; Vitamin K/physiology ; },
abstract = {Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid is an amino acid with a dicarboxylic acid side chain. This amino acid, with unique metal binding properties, confers metal binding character to the proteins into which it is incorporated. This amino acid has been discovered in blood coagulation proteins (prothrombin, Factor X, Factor IX, and Factor VII), plasma proteins of unknown function (Protein C, Protein S, and Protein Z), and proteins from calcified tissue (osteocalcin and bone-Gla protein). It has also been observed in renal calculi, atherosclerotic plaque, and the egg chorioallantoic membrane, among other tissues. Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid is synthesized by the post-translational modification of glutamic acid residues. This reaction, catalyzed by a hepatic carboxylase, requires reduced vitamin K, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. The function of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid is uncertain. In prothrombin gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues bound to metal ions participate as an intramolecular non-covalent bridge to maintain protein conformation. Additionally, these amino acids participate in the calcium-dependent molecular assembly of proteins on membrane surfaces through intermolecular bridges involving gamma-carboxyglutamic acid and metal ions.},
}
@article {pmid6116016,
year = {1981},
author = {},
title = {Do thiazides prevent recurrent idiopathic renal calcium stones.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {2},
number = {8246},
pages = {578-579},
pmid = {6116016},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Chlorthalidone/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Recurrence ; },
}
@article {pmid7277603,
year = {1981},
author = {Rous, SN},
title = {A review of 171 consecutive patients with urinary lithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {126},
number = {3},
pages = {376-379},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)54532-2},
pmid = {7277603},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Black or African American ; Age Factors ; Calcium/metabolism ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sex Ratio ; South Carolina ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*epidemiology/metabolism/therapy ; White People ; },
abstract = {During a 3-year interval 171 patients with urinary tract calculi were seen and studied: 98 had kidney, 52 had ureteral and 21 had bladder calculi. In 54 of the 98 patients with kidney stones (55 per cent) abnormal elevations of the blood and/or urine calcium, uric acid or creatinine were noted. Of these 98 patients 54 (55 per cent) were treated with observation only, 42 (43 per cent) were treated surgically (with an operative mortality of 2.4 per cent) and in 2 the renal stones passed spontaneously. Sixty-two per cent of the patients with renal calculi had a history of stones. It is believed that asymptomatic renal stones located in a calix or calices and not associated with infection are best managed nonoperatively. The average age of the 52 patients presenting with ureteral calculi was 12 years younger than that of patients presenting with renal calculi (36 versus 48 years). In 46 per cent of these cases the ureteral calculi ultimately passed spontaneously. Conservative therapy of ureteral calculi with long-term expectant observation (weeks and even months) often is indicated in the obstructed and uninfected patient. Twenty-nine per cent of the patients with ureteral calculi had a history of stones.},
}
@article {pmid7275553,
year = {1981},
author = {Itatani, H and Itoh, H and Yoshioka, T and Namiki, M and Koide, T and Okuyama, A and Sonoda, T},
title = {Renal metabolic changes relating to calculogenesis in an experimental model of calcium containing renal stone formation in rabbits.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {119-122},
pmid = {7275553},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Animals ; Autoradiography ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Glycosaminoglycans/*metabolism ; Histocytochemistry ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Rabbits ; Uronic Acids/urine ; },
abstract = {In histochemical studies it was shown that sulfated acid glycosaminoglycans (AGAGS) were produced and secreted into the tubular lumen in renal papilla, but not in the renal cortex of muddy stone forming kidney. There was no secretion of sulfated AGAGS in renal papilla histochemically during hydronephrosis before stone formation. On autoradiographic study with the use of 45Ca and 35S for labeling of sulfated AGAGS, we found that 45Ca accumulated in renal papilla of muddy stone forming kidney, but not in the other. 35S apparently accumulated into muddy stones. Measurement of calcium content of the renal papilla and cortex proved the results of autoradiographic studies, and measurement of uronic acid in the urine showed increased secretion of AGAGS in the urine from muddy stone forming kidney. From these results it was proposed that the sulfate AGAGS secreted in the urine could bind calcium crystals to each other amd make crystals aggregate massively.},
}
@article {pmid6897931,
year = {1981},
author = {Maierhofer, WJ and Gray, RW and Adams, ND and Smith, GA and Lemann, J},
title = {Synthesis and metabolic clearance of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D as determinants of serum concentrations: a comparison of two methods.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {53},
number = {3},
pages = {472-475},
doi = {10.1210/jcem-53-3-472},
pmid = {6897931},
issn = {0021-972X},
support = {AM-15089/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; AM-22014/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; RR-00058/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcitriol ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/biosynthesis/*blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Hyperparathyroidism/blood ; Hypoparathyroidism/blood ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/blood ; Kinetics ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Methods ; Reference Values ; Tritium ; },
abstract = {We evaluated endogenous renal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-OH)2D) synthesis by compartmental analysis of the plasma disappearance of injected [3H]1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in 11 subjects with serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations varying from 9-154 pM (normal, 89 +/- 25 pM). Estimated renal synthesis ranged from 2-180 pmol/kg . day. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations in these subjects best fit a log function of renal synthesis: serum 1,25-(OH)2D, pM = -13 + 74 log renal 1,25-(OH)2D production, picomoles per kg/day (r = 0.91). We also evaluated serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations in 6 healthy subjects who had been given 0.6, 1.2, or 1.8 nmol calcitriol every 6 h during a period 6--12 days after hormone administration was begun. Steady serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations 2, 4, and 6 h after the last calcitriol dose were achieved in proportion to log dose: serum 1,25-(OH)2D, pM = -12 + 103 log 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 dose, picomoles per kg/day (r = 0.94). Estimated 1,25-(OH)2D production rates using these two methods and assuming a normal serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentration of 89 pM range from 10--24 pmol/kg . day or, for a 70-kg subject, 0.6--1.7 nmol/day or 0.25--0.7 microgram/day. Metabolic clearance of 1,25-(OH)2D appears to be accelerated when production rates are increased.},
}
@article {pmid6790559,
year = {1981},
author = {Burckhardt, P and Jaeger, P},
title = {Secondary hyperparathyroidism in idiopathic renal hypercalciuria: fact or theory?.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {53},
number = {3},
pages = {550-555},
doi = {10.1210/jcem-53-3-550},
pmid = {6790559},
issn = {0021-972X},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Edetic Acid ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*etiology/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Reference Values ; },
abstract = {Secondary hyperparathyroidism (HP) has been reported to be characteristic of idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC) of the renal type. Out of the 155 patients with urinary stone disease and a normal plasma calcium level, only 1 had a distinctively increased plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) level; however, he was found to be hypercalcemic in a second control study. In 33 patients with renal IHC, none had an elevated PTH level measured under normal, low, and high calcium intake. The mean basal PTH level of these patients was identical to that of 86 normal controls; it was significantly lower than that of the patients with primary or secondary HP who had normal PTH levels. During EDTA infusion, seven of eight patients with primary HP and a normal basal PTH level showed PTH responses greater than those observed in six patients with renal IHC, all of the latter responses being in the normal range. Chlorthalidone, given to seven patients with renal IHC during 4 weeks (100 mg/day), did not decrease the PTH levels. Measurement of nephrogenous cAMP performed in only a few patients revealed a slightly increased value in one of them who had an exceptionally severe hypercalciuria. Beside this latter result, no evidence for secondary HP could be found. Although secondary HP is tempting pathophysiological explanation for many characteristics of renal IHC, it seems to be quite rare.},
}
@article {pmid6266688,
year = {1981},
author = {Stone, DB and Mendelson, RA and Botts, J and Cheung, PH},
title = {EPR and fluorescence depolarization studies on bovine cardiac myosin.},
journal = {Circulation research},
volume = {49},
number = {3},
pages = {677-684},
doi = {10.1161/01.res.49.3.677},
pmid = {6266688},
issn = {0009-7330},
support = {HL 06285/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Actins/pharmacology ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/analysis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Cattle ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Fluorescence Polarization ; Iodoacetamide/pharmacology ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Myocardium/*analysis ; Myosins/*analysis ; Nucleotides/pharmacology ; Potassium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {To test for possible differences in local conformation and S1 flexibility, bovine cardiac and rabbit skeletal myosins were labeled with a fluorophore (1,5-IAEDANS) and a spin label having iodoacetamide reactivity. The marked activation of the Ca2+-ATPase (6- to 8-fold) and inhibition of the K+ (EDTA)-ATPase (80-90%) by both labels indicated specific labeling of the fast-reacting thiols (SH1) of both myosins. Fluorescence depolarization studies of 1,5-IAEDANS-labeled cardiac myosin indicated that, like skeletal myosin, the SI moieties of cardiac myosin exhibit considerable segmental flexibility with respect to the rod portion of the molecule. This indicates that segmental flexibility may be a property of all myosins. Cardiac and skeletal myosins immobilized spin labels to approximately the same extent, indicating a similarity in steric restraints around the SH1 thiol of the two myosins. The magnitude of the changes in spin label mobility accompanying binding of MgADP and hydrolysis of MgATP was reduced in cardiac myosin relative to skeletal myosin. This suggests that the lower catalytic center activity of cardiac myosin is associated with more restricted conformational changes accompanying formation of M.ADP and M.ADP.Pi. From measurements of spin label mobility, the affinity of cardiac and skeletal myosin for ADP were similar: Kd (ADP) = 7 microM, n = 1.6. The EPR spectrum of spin labels attached to cardiac and skeletal myosin showed similar saturation effects upon actin binding indicating immobilization of myosin heads occurs with both proteins.},
}
@article {pmid7239131,
year = {1981},
author = {Trotman, BW and Bernstein, SE and Balistreri, WF and Wirt, GD and Martin, RA},
title = {Hemolysis-induced gallstones in mice: increased unconjugated bilirubin in hepatic bile predisposes to gallstone formation.},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {81},
number = {2},
pages = {232-236},
pmid = {7239131},
issn = {0016-5085},
support = {HD00254/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AM20361/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; RR 05415 16/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Bile/*metabolism ; Bile Duct Diseases/etiology/*metabolism ; Bilirubin/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/etiology/*metabolism ; Hemolysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; },
abstract = {We recently reported that nb/nb mice with hereditary hemolytic anemia spontaneously developed calcium bilirubinate gallstones. We undertook this study to determine whether the differences in gallbladder bile composition were due to altered gallbladder function or hepatic bile composition. Hepatic bile was obtained by cholecystostomy after common bile duct ligation. We found that (a) the hepatic bile of nb/nb mice with or without stones had higher concentrations of unconjugated (p less than 0.001) and total bilirubin (p less than 0.001) but lower concentrations of bile acids (p less than 0.05) than that of control mice; (b) the concentrations of total calcium and hydrogen ion were similar in all groups; (c) nb/nb mice with stones compared with nb/nb mice without stones had higher concentrations of unconjugated (p less than 0.05) and total bilirubin (p less than 0.05); (d) the outputs of unconjugated and total bilirubin of nb/nb mice with or without stones were higher than control mice (p less than 0.001) while bile acid, hydrogen ion, and calcium outputs were similar in all groups; (e) nb/nb mice with stones had higher outputs of unconjugated (p less than 0.005) and total bilirubin (p less than 0.05) than nb/nb mice without stones; (f) in nb/nb mice with stones, but not in those without stones or control mice, unconjugated bilirubin output was associated with bile acid output (p less than 0.001); and (g) unconjugated bilirubin and total bilirubin outputs were significantly correlated in all groups (p less than 0.001). Thus, an increased concentration and amount of unconjugated bilirubin in nb/nb hepatic bile is an essential factor in hemolysis-induced gallstone formation and modification of this abnormal nb/nb hepatic bile within the gallbladder promotes stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid6794208,
year = {1981},
author = {Malagodi, MH and Moye, HA},
title = {Physical and chemical characteristics of renal stone matrix.},
journal = {Urological survey},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {87-91},
pmid = {6794208},
issn = {0042-1146},
mesh = {Amino Acids/analysis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/analysis ; Edetic Acid ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Study of the organic matrix of calcium oxalate renal stones during the least 30 years has produced substantial information on its structure and chemical composition. However, the distinctive chemical nature of this matrix material has yet to be described in sufficient detail to explain adequately the relationship between its chemical composition and reactivity, and the several morphological forms in which it exists. We review representative studies conducted in this area during the last several decades and suggest several additional avenues of investigation that promises to provide a more complete understanding of the chemical and physical nature of this material, and its possible role in renal stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid7261923,
year = {1981},
author = {Scholz, D and Schwille, PO},
title = {[Clinical laboratory diagnosis of urolithiasis].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {106},
number = {31-32},
pages = {999-1002},
doi = {10.1055/s-2008-1070442},
pmid = {7261923},
issn = {0012-0472},
mesh = {Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/diagnosis ; Cystine ; Cystinuria ; Humans ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*diagnosis/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid7329604,
year = {1981},
author = {Graziani, G and Aroldi, A and Fogazzi, GB and Surian, M and Colussi, G and Petrillo, M and Grossi, E and Brancaccio, D and Ponticelli, C},
title = {[Gastric acid secretion in patients with absorptive hypercalciuria and recurrent calcic nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Minerva nefrologica},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {289-292},
pmid = {7329604},
issn = {0026-4873},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*physiopathology ; Female ; Gastric Acid/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*physiopathology ; Male ; Pentagastrin/pharmacology ; },
}
@article {pmid7321343,
year = {1981},
author = {Suzuki, K},
title = {[Studies on urolithiasis: crystal aggregation in calcium oxalate stone formers (author's transl)].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {72},
number = {7},
pages = {842-855},
pmid = {7321343},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Male ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7248668,
year = {1981},
author = {Stone, TW},
title = {The effects of 4-aminopyridine on the isolated vas deferens and its effects on the inhibitory properties of adenosine, morphine, noradrenaline and gamma-aminobutyric acid.},
journal = {British journal of pharmacology},
volume = {73},
number = {3},
pages = {791-796},
pmid = {7248668},
issn = {0007-1188},
mesh = {4-Aminopyridine ; Adenosine/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors/pharmacology ; Aminopyridines/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; *GABA Antagonists ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Morphine/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors/pharmacology ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/*pharmacology ; Norepinephrine/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors/pharmacology ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Quinidine/pharmacology ; Tetraethylammonium Compounds/pharmacology ; Vas Deferens/*drug effects ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {1 Adenosine, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), morphine, noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) phentolamine and amyl nitrite were used to inhibit electrically-evoked contractions of the isolated superfused vas deferens of the mouse. 2 The inhibitory effects of adenosine ATP, morphine, noradrenaline and GABA, which are thought to be due to presynaptic action, were reduced by perfusion with media containing 4-aminopyridine (4AP) or tetraethylammonium (TEA) ions. The inhibitory effects of phentolamine and amyl nitrite were unaffected by 4AP or TEA. 3 Quinidine, which like 4AP and TEA produced some increase to twitch height, did not reduce responses to the various agonists, indicating that an increased muscle contraction was not itself responsible for the reduced responses. 4 It is concluded that antagonism between 4AP and adenosine is not a specific interaction, as had been suggested, but probably reflects an interaction with Ca2+ requiring processes in the presynaptic terminal.},
}
@article {pmid7280526,
year = {1981},
author = {Jardin, A and Brisset, JM and Grasset, D},
title = {[Surgical treatment of reno-ureteral lithiasis].},
journal = {La Revue du praticien},
volume = {31},
number = {35},
pages = {2499-502, 2505-6, 2509},
pmid = {7280526},
issn = {0035-2640},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Calculi/*surgery ; Kidney Calices/surgery ; Kidney Pelvis/surgery ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Ureteral Calculi/*surgery ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid7268958,
year = {1981},
author = {Coe, FL and Parks, JH},
title = {Hyperuricosuria and calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The Urologic clinics of North America},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {227-244},
pmid = {7268958},
issn = {0094-0143},
support = {AM 20585/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Allopurinol/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Male ; Meat/adverse effects ; Models, Molecular ; Uric Acid/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid7235811,
year = {1981},
author = {Yü, T and Berger, L and Sarkozi, L and Kaung, C},
title = {Effects of diuretics on urate and calcium excretion.},
journal = {Archives of internal medicine},
volume = {141},
number = {7},
pages = {915-919},
doi = {10.1001/archinte.1981.00340070095019},
pmid = {7235811},
issn = {0003-9926},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Furosemide/*pharmacology ; Glycolates/*pharmacology ; Gout/drug therapy ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Ticrynafen/*pharmacology ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Forty-nine patients with gout, many with hypertension and/or renal calculi, were given hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, or ticrynafen. Diuresis and increased clearances of sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and calcium (Ca) occurred after a single dose of hydrochlorothiazide, 100 mg, or furosemide, 40 mg, orally. There was very slight change in urate and phosphorus clearances. With prolonged use of hydrochloride or furosemide, diuresis and increased electrolyte excretion disappeared. Urate and Ca excretion fell with hydrochlorothiazide. With long-term use of furosemide, urate excretion was suppressed, but Ca excretion was sustained. Ticrynafen produced diuresis and increased clearances of Na, K, and Cl. Calcium excretion was increased after a single dose and minimally decreased after long-term use. Most striking was the severe and rather sustained uricosuria. Though ticrynafen is an effective uricosuric, natriuretic, and antihypertensive agent, its hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity mitigate against its clinical use.},
}
@article {pmid7022986,
year = {1981},
author = {Lyles, KW and Drezner, MK},
title = {An overview of calcium homeostasis in humans.},
journal = {The Urologic clinics of North America},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {209-226},
pmid = {7022986},
issn = {0094-0143},
support = {AM 27032-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; CA 11265/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; MO1 FR 30//PHS HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Models, Biological ; Parathyroid Hormone/physiology ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6786090,
year = {1981},
author = {Goldsmith, MA and Bhatia, SS and Kanto, WP and Kutner, MH and Rudman, D},
title = {Gluconate calcium therapy and neonatal hypercalciuria.},
journal = {American journal of diseases of children (1960)},
volume = {135},
number = {6},
pages = {538-543},
doi = {10.1001/archpedi.1981.02130300038014},
pmid = {6786090},
issn = {0002-922X},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Gluconate/*adverse effects ; Creatinine/urine ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/surgery ; Furosemide/adverse effects ; Gluconates/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature, Diseases/*chemically induced/urine ; Kidney Calculi/*chemically induced/urine ; Male ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; },
abstract = {Nephrolithiasis was present in a 2-month-old premature infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who had been receiving furosemide and intravenous (IV) gluconate calcium therapy. This infant was found to be hypercalciuric. Furosemide therapy is known to increase calcium excretion. In the present study, we examined sick infants who were receiving gluconate calcium without furosemide to evaluate the effect of gluconate calcium therapy on urinary calcium excretion. The sick infants receiving gluconate calcium had higher values of urinary calcium than did the well infants taking regular formula feedings. Moreover, the calciuria appeared to increase progressively with continued gluconate calcium therapy. It appears that prolonged use of either furosemide or IV gluconate calcium leads to hypercalciuria, which, in turn, may predispose the premature infant to nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid6114029,
year = {1981},
author = {Schwille, PO and Scholz, D and Engelhardt, W},
title = {Is increased intestinal calcium absorption in human calcium urolithiasis a feature of a hormonal imbalance?.},
journal = {Hepato-gastroenterology},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {131-134},
pmid = {6114029},
issn = {0172-6390},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cholecalciferol/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Hormones/physiology ; Hormones/*physiology ; Humans ; Insulin/physiology ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Somatostatin/physiology ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism/physiopathology ; },
}
@article {pmid7256148,
year = {1981},
author = {de Vernejoul, MC and Hioco, D and Villiaumey, J and Chanzy, MO and Voisin, MC and Canalia, AM},
title = {[Bone histomorphometric study in idiopathic hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Revue du rhumatisme et des maladies osteo-articulaires},
volume = {48},
number = {5},
pages = {389-395},
pmid = {7256148},
issn = {0035-2659},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology ; Bone and Bones/*pathology ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Ilium/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/blood ; Phosphorus/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism/*physiopathology ; },
}
@article {pmid7230330,
year = {1981},
author = {Evans, WP and Resnick, MI},
title = {Horseshoe kidney and urolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {125},
number = {5},
pages = {620-621},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55139-3},
pmid = {7230330},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/*abnormalities ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7015271,
year = {1981},
author = {Ulmann, A and Lair, M and Bader, C and Funck-Brentano, JL},
title = {[Measurement of plasma 1,25 dihydrovitamin D. Normal and pathological values in adults (author's transl)].},
journal = {La Nouvelle presse medicale},
volume = {10},
number = {17},
pages = {1393-1395},
pmid = {7015271},
issn = {0301-1518},
mesh = {Calcitriol ; Calculi/blood ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Ergocalciferols/*analogs &amp; derivatives/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood ; Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Parathyroid Diseases/blood ; Postoperative Period ; Reference Values ; },
abstract = {Plasma levels of 1,25 dihydrovitamin D (1,25 (OH)2D) were measured in normal subjects and in patients with various diseases, using a radiocompetition method. Mean values of 89 +/- 58 pmol/l (1 s.d.) were found in normal adults, irrespective of sex. Plasma 1,25 (OH)2D values were high in 12/31 patients with lithiasis and hypercalciuria, in 1/7 patients with lithiasis and normal calciuria and in 2/4 patients with idiopathic parathyroid adenoma; they were normal in 2 patients with essential hypoparathyroidism. 1,25(OH)2D was undetectable in 5 patients with chronic renal failure, low in 7 and normal in 4. Following successful kidney transplantation (serum creatinine less than 120 mumol/l) one-half of the patients had normal values and the other half high values.},
}
@article {pmid7229361,
year = {1981},
author = {Hodgkinson, A},
title = {Is there a place for a low-oxalate diet?.},
journal = {Journal of human nutrition},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {136-138},
doi = {10.3109/09637488109143042},
pmid = {7229361},
issn = {0308-4329},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calculi/diet therapy/etiology ; *Diet ; Humans ; Oxalates/*adverse effects ; },
}
@article {pmid7211654,
year = {1981},
author = {Reynolds, LR and Flueck, JA},
title = {Evaluation of the hypercalcemic patient.},
journal = {American family physician},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {105-111},
pmid = {7211654},
issn = {0002-838X},
mesh = {Addison Disease/complications ; Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/analysis/metabolism ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Neoplasms/complications ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Radiography ; Sarcoidosis/complications ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/adverse effects ; Vitamin D/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Malignancy is the most common cause of hypercalcemia, which may result from direct involvement of bone or from local or distant production of substances that enhance bone resorption. The recognized incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism has increased greatly since the advent of automated biochemical screening. A single parathyroid adenoma is most frequently the cause. Sarcoidosis commonly results in hypercalciuria but seldom causes sustained hypercalcemia. Increased production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol leads to hyperabsorption of calcium and enhanced bone resorption.},
}
@article {pmid7222003,
year = {1981},
author = {Hermus, RJ and Kroes, R},
title = {[Foods of animal origin and public health (author's transl)].},
journal = {Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde},
volume = {106},
number = {5},
pages = {265-274},
pmid = {7222003},
issn = {0040-7453},
mesh = {Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects ; Dietary Fats/adverse effects ; *Dietary Proteins/adverse effects ; *Food ; Food Additives/adverse effects ; Gout/etiology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Osteoporosis/etiology ; *Public Health ; Sodium Chloride/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Modern society adopts a highly ambiguous attitude towards foods of animal origin in human nutrition. Animal protein is of great biological value. However, the wealthy part of the world already consumes more than sufficient protein, which renders this value superfluous. On the other hand, a rich diet including a large share of animal products is suspect from the point of view of cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis. The role of fat, protein, cholesterol, salt, calcium and a number of minor components is discussed. It is concluded that as far as fats are concerned, reduction is indicated. There is a large individual variability in response to salt and cholesterol as well as interactions with other components of the diet. A role of animal protein in affecting calcium metabolism is plausible, though not definitely established. Public health hazards due to contaminants are probably small compared with those caused by the major components.},
}
@article {pmid7221531,
year = {1981},
author = {Preisig, R and Halter, F and Bircher, J},
title = {[New aspects in the treatment of cholecysto-and choledolithiasis].},
journal = {Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {111},
number = {9},
pages = {297-302},
pmid = {7221531},
issn = {0036-7672},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholelithiasis/*therapy ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Female ; Gallstones/*therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Since gallstone disease is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal disorders (average incidence 27% in males and 47% in females) it is mandatory for practicing physicians to keep abreast of recent progress in therapy. Thus, present treatment is based on the radiologic pattern of radiolucent (cholesterol) and radioopaque (calcium containing) stones. In the young patient, cholecystectomy is recommended for cholecystolithiasis regardless of type of stones, because this procedure is likely in most cases to provide optimal, definitive results at minimal risk. In the elderly, or when the operative risk is aggravated by accompanying disease, an attempt may be made to dissolve cholesterol stones by oral administration of cheno- or ursodeoxycholic acid. Following 18 months to 2 years of medication, the success rate for complete dissolution is approximately 50%.},
}
@article {pmid7463584,
year = {1981},
author = {Zechner, O and Latal, D and Pflüger, H and Scheiber, V},
title = {Nutritional risk factors in urinary stone disease.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {125},
number = {1},
pages = {51-54},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)54897-1},
pmid = {7463584},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diet/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Risk ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
abstract = {The relationships between eating and drinking habits, and serum as well as 24-hour urinary concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate uric acid and urinary pH were studied in 379 patient in whom stones form. The 24-hour urinary calcium excretion was found to be increased in patients who preferably eat animal proteins and farinaceous foods (p less than 0.1). Regarding drinking habits, urinary calcium and inorganic phosphate excretion was found to increase significantly as a function of alcohol ingestion (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively). Similarly, an increased alcohol intake was found to be associated with higher serum uric acid concentrations (p less than 0.01). A significant increase in urinary pH was confined to patients preferably eating vegetables (p less than 0.005). The results of our study suggest alcohol consumption to be a potentiating factor for the risk of stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid7324297,
year = {1981},
author = {Leskovar, P and Hartung, R and Hropot, M and Wellnhofer, E and Steffek, D and Hoffmann, E},
title = {[In vitro and first in vivo experiments for the dissolution of calcium-containing urinary calculi (author's transl)].},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {36},
number = {5},
pages = {325-334},
doi = {10.1159/000280778},
pmid = {7324297},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Acetates/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Citrates/urine ; Malonates/therapeutic use ; Oxalates/urine ; Oxaloacetates/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Tricarboxylic Acids/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; },
abstract = {There are numerous reports dealing with the significantly reduced citrate secretion in (recurrent) tone formers. The critical values of the Ca/citrate ratio in the nocturnal urine of (oxalate) stone formers has also been reported, emphasizing the need of medicaments being capable to increase the citrate secretion and to raise the basal citrate level of the nocturnal urine in these patients. In our in vitro experiments, we tested quantitatively the inhibitory activity of some new substances on crystal growth. In Wistar rats we measured the Ca2+-binding capacity as well as the citrate and oxalate excretion before and after oral application of a great number of new compounds. Some of them were highly efficacious in the reduction of the Ca-oxalate activity product, as can be derived from the increased Ca2+-binding capacity and/or the decreased oxalate secretion in urine.},
}
@article {pmid7323748,
year = {1981},
author = {Ljunghall, S and Backman, U and Danielson, BG and Fellström, B and Johansson, G and Wikström, B},
title = {Calcium and magnesium metabolism during long-term treatment with thiazides.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {257-262},
doi = {10.3109/00365598109179613},
pmid = {7323748},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Adult ; Bendroflumethiazide/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Time Factors ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The effects of treatment with bendroflumethiazide (2.5 mg twice daily with potassium supplements) on mineral metabolism were evaluated in 111 patients followed for a minimum period of one year. The urinary calcium decreased with approximately 30% irrespective of the pretreatment levels and remained on this lower level during follow-up. This reduction of urinary calcium was associated with a reduction of the intestinal calcium absorption. The serum calcium increased slightly in most of the patients and in 10% of them hypercalcaemia could be demonstrated at some time. In most of these cases the hypercalcaemia was slight and temporary and when sustained rapidly reversed upon withdrawal of therapy. Initially the urinary magnesium excretion increased but after two years' treatment the values were no longer raised. The serum magnesium levels showed a continued decrease during follow-up but in muscle biopsies, performed after three years treatment, no magnesium deficiency was evident. During treatment also the fasting urinary calcium was reduced, suggesting reduced bone resorption, but urinary hydroxyproline was unchanged. The serum PTH levels appeared unchanged during follow-up. Thiazides appear to cause a persisting reduction of calcium excretion, which is compensated by reduced intestinal uptake, whereas parathyroid function is unaffected. Although there was a gradual decline of serum magnesium, magnesium deficiency was not demonstrated.},
}
@article {pmid7314329,
year = {1981},
author = {Scholz, D and Schwille, PO and Herzog, T and Sigel, A},
title = {Effects of a cation exchange resin on intestinal calcium absorption and urinary calcium in calcium stone formers.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {263-269},
pmid = {7314329},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Cation Exchange Resins/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Ion Exchange Resins/*pharmacology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minerals/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The effect on the urinary excretion of calcium of an oral cation exchange resin without phosphorus was studied in healthy control subjects and patients with recurrent calcium lithiasis under out-patient conditions. An immediate reduction of intestinal calcium absorption and urinary calcium excretion was found in five control subjects and in one patient after ingestion of resin, whereas calcium excretion remained unchanged in all other patients during long-term treatment. In addition, signs of mild transitory hyperparathyroidism together with an increase in intestinal calcium transport were observed during treatment. It is suggested that intraluminal binding of calcium ions to the resin leads to substantial changes in calcium metabolism with the result that urinary calcium excretion returns to pre-treatment values.},
}
@article {pmid7286000,
year = {1981},
author = {Zechner, O and Kovarik, J and Willvonseder, R},
title = {Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {7},
number = {6},
pages = {327-330},
doi = {10.1159/000473257},
pmid = {7286000},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Adult ; Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diuretics ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*blood ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/etiology/metabolism/therapy ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/blood ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/complications ; },
abstract = {10 patients with normocalcemic secondary hyperparathyroidism due to renal hypercalciuria and 1 patient with normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism are presented. The diagnostic criteria of both manifestations of disturbed calcium metabolism are outlined. Successful therapeutic approach depends on the exact discrimination between each form of normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism.},
}
@article {pmid7276600,
year = {1981},
author = {Puigvert, A},
title = {[Renal lithogenesis (author's transl)].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie},
volume = {87},
number = {2},
pages = {77-79},
pmid = {7276600},
issn = {0248-0018},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Kidney Medulla/pathology/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules, Collecting/pathology/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {The author incriminates two essential factors in renal lithogenesis: tubular and papillary. The tubular factor. Calcium microliths with a diameter greater than that of the collecting duct damage the wall of the duct, pass into the interstitium of the Malpighian pyramid and accumulate beneath the epithelium of the pitted zone forming the sub-epithelial plaque of Randall. Identification of such lesions is essential in avoiding the recurrence of lithiasis. However, in order for microliths to form, it is also necessary for there to be prolonged stagnation of urine in the collecting duct. Accumulation of such microliths forms the nucleus of the future calyceal calculus. The papillary factor. A whole series of papillary factors (entirely independent of the Randall plaque, the origin of which is tubular) favor the deposit of calcium on pathological papillary tissue. Thus, in the opinion of the author, combined tubular and papillary factors represent the essential factors in lithogenesis and, if they are not eliminated at the time of the treatment of lithiasis, are the essential factors in its recurrence.},
}
@article {pmid7202449,
year = {1981},
author = {Bocancea, D},
title = {Diagnosis and treatment of recurrent lithiasis in children.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {136-138},
doi = {10.1159/000473203},
pmid = {7202449},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/etiology/surgery ; Male ; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Recurrence ; Urinary Tract/abnormalities ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid7026160,
year = {1981},
author = {Moore, ES},
title = {Hypercalciuria in children.},
journal = {Contributions to nephrology},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {20-32},
pmid = {7026160},
issn = {0302-5144},
support = {HD11 821/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/therapy/urine ; Calcium, Dietary ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creatinine/urine ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Infant ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid7015665,
year = {1981},
author = {Cohen, MS and Warren, MM and Bauer, P and Vogel, JJ and Davis, CP},
title = {Intracellular crystal formation in bacteria from human urines: a contributing factor in urinary calculi.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {55-61},
pmid = {7015665},
issn = {0300-5623},
support = {AI14508/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; RR05427/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Apatites/metabolism ; Bacteriuria/*complications ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/metabolism ; Pseudomonas/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
abstract = {Understanding of the bacterial contribution to urinary calculi has been limited to those organisms capable of altering the urine through urease activity. Sterilized urines from stone forming and non-stone forming individuals were inoculated with bacteria having either strong, weak, or no urease activity. All organisms grown in unbuffered urines produced crystallization (calcite or apatite) as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. Bacteria grown in conventional medium (Heart Infusion broth) did not demonstrate crystal formation. Unstained specimens revealed electron-dense deposits within bacteria grown in urine. Deposits were not present in organisms grown in conventional media. Analysis revealed increased levels of calcium within these deposits as compared to extracellular levels. These findings support the hypothesis that both urease producing an non-urease producing organisms may accumulate calcium crystals intracellularly and form nidi for calculus formation.},
}
@article {pmid6274003,
year = {1981},
author = {Wikström, B},
title = {Phosphate metabolism and renal calcium stone disease.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum},
volume = {61},
number = {},
pages = {1-56},
pmid = {6274003},
issn = {0300-8886},
mesh = {Absorption ; Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Diphosphates/urine ; Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism/physiopathology ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules/physiopathology ; Phosphates/blood/*metabolism ; Proteinuria/complications ; Sodium/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The purpose of the present investigation was to study various aspects of phosphate metabolism in renal calcium stone patients with special reference to the renal handling of phosphate and its relationship to other renal tubular functions and calcium metabolism. Serum phosphate and the capacity for renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate were lower in stone patients than in controls and decreased with advancing age. Reduced tubular phosphate reabsorption was particularly evident in stone patients with other tubular dysfunctions. Absorptive hypercalciuria was common, but unrelated to the renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate. Parathyroid hyperfunction was not observed in stone formers. Various loads of dietary phosphate resulted in similar renal adaptive responses in controls and stone formers. Orthophosphate supplementation had metabolic consequences with potentially beneficial effects for stone prevention (increased urinary pyrophosphate, decreased urinary calcium). The altered renal handling of phosphate in calcium stone formers may reflect a primary (independent of parathyroid hormone) renal tubular dysfunction in phosphate reabsorption.},
}
@article {pmid6274002,
year = {1981},
author = {Wikström, B and Backman, U and Danielson, BG and Fellström, B and Johansson, G and Ljunghall, S and Wide, L},
title = {Phosphate metabolism in renal stone formers. (II): Relation to renal tubular functions and calcium metabolism.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum},
volume = {61},
number = {},
pages = {II:1-26},
pmid = {6274002},
issn = {0300-8886},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Citrates/urine ; Citric Acid ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules/*physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/blood/*metabolism ; Sex Factors ; Sodium/metabolism ; beta 2-Microglobulin/urine ; },
abstract = {Patients with idiopathic recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis (n = 57) and controls (n = 16) were investigated regarding the relationship between renal phosphate handling, other renal tubular functions and calcium metabolism. Incomplete renal tubular acidosis (RTA) was disclosed in 13 patients. RTA patients together with stone formers with normal renal acidification capacity (SF) exhibited low values for serum phosphate and renal threshold phosphate concentration (TmP/GFR) compared with controls. TmP/GFR was lower in RTA patients than in stone formers with normal renal acidification. Hypercalciuria of the absorptive type with normal serum PTH and urinary cAMP concentrations was a common finding in both stone patient groups, whereas no patient displayed unequivocal evidence of parathyroid hyperfunction. Fractional excretion of sodium was raised in both SF and RTA patients compared with controls. There was a positive relationship between the fractional excretion of phosphate and sodium in all subjects as a group. TmP/GFR was negatively correlated to fractional excretion of sodium. Twenty-three percent of RTA patients and 8% of SF displayed tubular proteinuria which often was associated with low TmP/GFR levels and enhanced natriuresis. It is concluded that a defective renal tubular phosphate handling is common in calcium stone formers and often associated with signs of other tubular dysfunctions. The altered phosphate handling seems to be unrelated to hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid6269860,
year = {1981},
author = {Mazzuoli, GF and D'Erasmo, E and Minisola, S and Mancini, D and Malaguti Aliberti, L and Scarda, A and Bracci, U and Miano, L},
title = {Incidence of normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism in idiopathic hypercalciuria: evaluation by dietary calcium deprivation test.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {7},
number = {6},
pages = {331-334},
doi = {10.1159/000473258},
pmid = {6269860},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Calcium/blood/metabolism/*urine ; *Calcium, Dietary ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications ; Kidney/metabolism ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/blood ; Sex Factors ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
abstract = {Calcium metabolism was studied in 37 patients with "idiopathic hypercalciuria" on a home diet and after 10 days of low calcium dietary intake (less than 400 mg/24h). After low calcium intake, urinary calcium excretion returned to within normal limits in 70% of the cases. In the group of patients which failed to respond to calcium restriction, TmPO4/GFR values were reduced and, furthermore, in 20% of them plasma iPTH and urinary cAMP levels were increased. These data seem to indicate that: the incidence of absorptive hypercalciuria is higher than hypercalciuria of renal origin; normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism due to primary calcium leak is present only in a limited number of cases, consequently, hypercalciuria secondary to renal phosphate leak is a rather frequent occurrence.},
}
@article {pmid6109153,
year = {1980},
author = {Duncombe, VM and Watts, RW and Peters, TJ},
title = {In-vitro calcium uptake by jejunal biopsy specimens from patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {2},
number = {8208-8209},
pages = {1334-1336},
doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92399-5},
pmid = {6109153},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Adult ; Biological Transport ; Calcium/*metabolism/*urine ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Humans ; Jejunum/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Male ; Microvilli/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {In-vitro calcium influx was measured in jejunal biopsy specimens from 10 men with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Calcium uptake in these adults was a passive process which was not sensitive to inhibition by 2,4 dinitrophenol and sodium fluoride, and showed no evidence of carrier saturation. In 7 of 10 patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria calcium uptake was above the normal range, and the mean uptake for all patients was significantly higher than in 10 control subjects (p < 0.01). The kinetic features suggest that this increased influx was the result of increased brush border permeability to calcium ions.},
}
@article {pmid7441826,
year = {1980},
author = {Johansson, G and Backman, U and Danielson, BG and Fellström, B and Ljunghall, S and Wikström, B},
title = {Biochemical and clinical effects of the prophylactic treatment of renal calcium stones with magnesium hydroxide.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {124},
number = {6},
pages = {770-774},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55655-4},
pmid = {7441826},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Magnesium/*therapeutic use ; Magnesium Hydroxide/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {Prophylactic treatment with magnesium hydroxide ws instituted in 56 consecutive cases with renal calcium stones. The patients had been investigated previously with regard to the magnesium metabolism. The urinary magnesium excretion increased promptly and remained on a higher level during treatment. No changes were observed in the serum or urinary calcium concentrations. Most patients have undergone treatment for at least 2 years and 45 have been free of recurrences of formations of new stones. The mean stone episode rate during treatment was 0.03 stones per year compared to 0.8 stones per year before treatment was instituted. The natural history of stone disease also was followed in 34 patients with stones who had received no prophylactic therapy and 15 have experienced recurrences after 2 years. Therefore, in comparison, treatment with magnesium hydroxide appeared to reduce the recurrence rate. Apart from minor gastrointestinal discomfort no adverse effects were observed during treatment.},
}
@article {pmid6262548,
year = {1980},
author = {Kohri, K and Yachiku, S and Kurita, T},
title = {[Endocrinological studies on pathogenesis for urolithiasis. V. Effect of calcitonin in urinary electrolytes excretion and serum electrolytes (author's transl)].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {71},
number = {12},
pages = {1515-1526},
pmid = {6262548},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcitonin/*pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Electrolytes/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7428663,
year = {1980},
author = {Tschöpe, W and Ritz, E},
title = {[Treatment of idiopathic hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {105},
number = {45},
pages = {1559-1560},
doi = {10.1055/s-2008-1070911},
pmid = {7428663},
issn = {0012-0472},
mesh = {Adult ; Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/diet therapy/drug therapy/*therapy ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/complications/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid7470240,
year = {1980},
author = {Kohri, K},
title = {[Endocrinological studies on pathogenesis of urolithiasis. IV. Pathophysiological studies in hypercalciuric stone formers: use of a calcium restricted test and an oral calcium tolerance test (author's transl)].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {71},
number = {11},
pages = {1349-1363},
pmid = {7470240},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Drug Tolerance ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7466071,
year = {1980},
author = {Burckhardt, P and Jaeger, Ph},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Revue medicale de la Suisse romande},
volume = {100},
number = {11},
pages = {975-979},
pmid = {7466071},
issn = {0035-3655},
mesh = {Absorption ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/diagnosis/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid6257962,
year = {1980},
author = {Kohri, K},
title = {[Endocrinological studies on pathogenesis on urolithiasis. III. Calcium metabolism and parathyroid function of calcium urolithiasis (author's transl)].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {71},
number = {11},
pages = {1335-1348},
pmid = {6257962},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Electrolytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7463918,
year = {1980},
author = {Itatani, H},
title = {[Pathogenesis of formation of urinary tract calculi containing calcium (author's transl)].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {71},
number = {10},
pages = {1163-1167},
pmid = {7463918},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7424948,
year = {1980},
author = {Maschio, G and Vecchioni, R and Tessitore, N},
title = {Recurrence of autonomous hyperparathyroidism in calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {69},
number = {4},
pages = {607-609},
doi = {10.1016/0002-9343(80)90475-1},
pmid = {7424948},
issn = {0002-9343},
mesh = {Adenoma/complications ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications ; Kidney Calculi/*complications ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {In a woman with bilateral recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria, hypercalcemia developed and she underwent parathyroid surgery, which led to excision of a histologically-confirmed adenoma. The patient became normocalcemic but remained hypercalciuric despite reduction of dietary calcium intake. Several calculi recurred in both kidneys. Four to six years after parathyroidectomy, hypercalcemia recurred and the patient underwent a new surgical exploration; a parathyroid gland with diffuse adenomatous aspects and another gland with pure hyperplasia were excised. Once again, after surgery the patient became normocalcemic but remained hypercalciuric. Evidence for a "renal calcium leak" hypercalciuria was obtained, and thiazide administration led to normalization of urinary calcium excretion. In calcium nephrolithiasis, persistent hypercalciuria may lead to recurrence of autonomous hyperparathyroidism.},
}
@article {pmid7420593,
year = {1980},
author = {Giugliani, R and Ferrari, I},
title = {Metabolic factors in urolithiasis: a study in Brazil.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {124},
number = {4},
pages = {503-507},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55513-5},
pmid = {7420593},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Ammonium Chloride ; Brazil ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Oxalates/urine ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/epidemiology/*metabolism ; Xanthines/urine ; },
abstract = {Clinical and biochemical data were obtained from 50 patients in whom stones form and 20 controls to set up and test a screening procedure for detecting metabolic abnormalities related to the formation of urinary calculi and to provide a preliminary estimate of the frequency of these disorders in our area. A comparison between patients in whom stones form and controls in terms of the quantitative biochemical parameters evaluated (serum calcium, uric acid and inorganic phosphate, and urine calcium, uric acid, inorganic phosphate, oxalic acid, xanthine and alpha-amino-nitrogen) showed a significant difference only with respect to excretion of urinary oxalate by adults, which was higher in patients in whom stones form. Metabolic disorders were detected in 15 adult patients with stones. Of these patients 9 had isolated hyperoxaluria, 3 had incomplete renal tubular acidosis, 1 had idiopathic hypercalciuria, 1 had heterozygous cystinuria and 1 had idiopathic hypercalciuria associated with heterozygous cystinuria. These results suggest a high frequency of metabolic abnormalities in patients in whom stones form in our area, so that the wider use of the screening used here may benefit a large number of patients with preventive and therapeutic measures.},
}
@article {pmid7221238,
year = {1980},
author = {Peña, JC and Fernández, A and Tamayo, JA and Maycotte, P and Herrera Acosta, J},
title = {[Hypercalciuria. Physiopathology and classification criteria (author's transl)].},
journal = {Revista de investigacion clinica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {479-486},
pmid = {7221238},
issn = {0034-8376},
mesh = {Calcium/blood/metabolism/*urine ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism/physiopathology ; },
}
@article {pmid6777172,
year = {1980},
author = {Tschöpe, W and Ritz, E and Schmidt-Gayk, H},
title = {Is there a renal phosphorus leak in recurrent renal stone formers with absorptive hypercalciuria?.},
journal = {European journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {10},
number = {5},
pages = {381-386},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2362.1980.tb00049.x},
pmid = {6777172},
issn = {0014-2972},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*metabolism ; Chlorides/urine ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism ; Male ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/complications/*metabolism ; Recurrence ; Sodium/urine ; },
abstract = {In ten male hypophosphataemic hypercalciuric recurrent renal stone formers with absorptive hypercalciuria and ten male normophosphataemic normocalciuric control persons, fasting plasma and urine chemistry was studied throughout the day under basal conditions and following an oral phosphorus load. After overnight fasting, plasma phosphorus and TMP/GFR were lower and urinary calcium higher in patients than in controls. Both in patients and controls, plasma phosphorus rose throughout the morning hours. In the afternoon, plasma phosphorus was almost equal in patients and controls. The circadian rise of plasma phosphorus despite no increase of urinary phosphorus argues against the presence of a fixed renal tubular phosphorus leak in absorptive hypercalciuria, at least in the fasting state. Patients differed from controls not only with respect to urinary calcium, but also with respect to fasting absolute and fractional urinary excretion of sodium and chloride. Increased fractional urinary sodium was found both in normotensive and hypertensive patients. Since tubular reabsorption of phosphorus and the setting of fasting plasma phosphorus depend, among other factors, on tubular handling of sodium, the finding may be relevant for the genesis of transient fasting hypophosphataemia in absorptive hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid7437704,
year = {1980},
author = {Healey, T and Way, BG and Grundy, WR},
title = {Milk of calcium in calycine diverticula.},
journal = {The British journal of radiology},
volume = {53},
number = {633},
pages = {845-852},
doi = {10.1259/0007-1285-53-633-845},
pmid = {7437704},
issn = {0007-1285},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcinosis/*diagnostic imaging ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/*diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; },
abstract = {The so-called Milk of Calcium Renal Cyst is a rare condition wherein calcium salts in a fine suspension are retained in a calycine diverticulum. No treatment is indicated for this condition itself but it is sometimes complicated by stone formation or infection. Five cases are described.},
}
@article {pmid7410026,
year = {1980},
author = {Lilien, OM and Krauss, DJ and Hammond, WS and Schoonmaker, JE},
title = {Evidence for a new mammalian organ. IV. Stone formation.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {144-148},
pmid = {7410026},
issn = {0021-0005},
support = {2-R01-GM18248-08/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/analysis ; Calcium Phosphates/analysis ; Diet ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Uric Acid/analysis ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency/complications ; },
abstract = {We studied calcium oxalate stone formation in rats after calculogenesis had been induced by a diet deficient in pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Urinary calculi had formed within 6 weeks in 86 per cent of 114 animals. The calcium handling properties of 17 tissues (including the renal sinus "gland") were compared in normal and pyridoxine deficient animals. A significant increase in calcium (85Sr) uptake was found in the renal sinus "gland" and the renal medulla after pyridoxine deprivation. The movement of calcium from the perihilar sinus tissues into the renal medulla was examined and the significance of our observations is discussed.},
}
@article {pmid7410021,
year = {1980},
author = {Paternain, JL and Bershtam, J and Pinto, B},
title = {Isolation of a mucoprotein possessing mineral nucleating activity.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {119-112},
pmid = {7410021},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Amino Acids/analysis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chemical Precipitation ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mucoproteins/analysis/*urine ; Oxalates ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Urinary Calculi/*urine ; },
abstract = {We isolated a mucoprotein from the urine of stone-formers that promotes the precipitation of oxalate. The mucoprotein has a molecular weight of 51,000 daltons and an isolectric point of 2.8. Although its hexuronic and stalic acid content is quite small, its glycine (31.3 per cent) and glutamic acid (12.2 per cent) content is high.},
}
@article {pmid6451565,
year = {1980},
author = {Karnahl, HM},
title = {[Unusual stone formation in Baker cysts].},
journal = {RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin},
volume = {133},
number = {3},
pages = {333-335},
doi = {10.1055/s-2008-1056741},
pmid = {6451565},
issn = {1438-9029},
mesh = {Aged ; Bilirubin/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Cysts/*diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Diseases/*diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; Knee Joint/*diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; },
}
@article {pmid7392192,
year = {1980},
author = {Coe, FL and Parks, JH and Strauss, AL},
title = {Acclerated calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {244},
number = {8},
pages = {809-810},
doi = {10.1001/jama.244.8.809},
pmid = {7392192},
issn = {0098-7484},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/urine ; Male ; Oxalates/urine ; Recurrence ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {Of 674 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis, 78 formed their stones in large numbers (average, 22 stones per patient) and at an accelerated rate (average, 172 stones per 100 patient-years). Although their stone disease was unusually severe, these patients had the common metabolic causes of stones and responded well to treatment. Patients with even the most extremely active calcium nephrolithiasis should be evaluated and managed in the same way as those with the common, less active form of the disease.},
}
@article {pmid7445763,
year = {1980},
author = {Reetz, H},
title = {[Urolithiasis in childhood with special reference to infants and newborns (author's transl)].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie und Grenzgebiete},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {225-238},
pmid = {7445763},
issn = {0044-2909},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Recurrence ; Urinary Calculi/diagnosis/metabolism/*surgery ; },
abstract = {The study reports 110 cases of urinary stones in children treated in the Paediatric Surgery Department of the City Hospital, München-Schwabing, from 1965-1976. 78 of the children had a follow-up examination at least two years after the surgical removal of the stone. The infant and toddler age-group demonstrated special features in possible genetic predisposition, and in the recurrence-rate, as opposed to the series as a whole. A "stony peak" is postulated also for urolithiasis in childhoiod. Prophylactic measures against recurrence consist mainly, in addition to careful surgical correction of urinary-flow hindrances, of plentiful fluid intake.},
}
@article {pmid7432330,
year = {1980},
author = {Fiorelli, C and Carini, M and Nicita, G and Rizzo, M},
title = {[The role of allopurinol in prevention of recurrences in calcic calculosis].},
journal = {Minerva urologica},
volume = {32},
number = {3},
pages = {153-160},
pmid = {7432330},
issn = {0026-4989},
mesh = {Allopurinol/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Recurrence ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7414768,
year = {1980},
author = {Ziegler, R and Uhl, K and Minne, H and Russmann, D and Döring, B},
title = {[On the question of endocrine side effects in patients on medication for renal calcium stone disease (author's transl)].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {226-230},
pmid = {7414768},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Cellulose/adverse effects/analogs &amp; derivatives ; Diabetes Mellitus/*chemically induced ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/*chemically induced ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy ; Male ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {In patients with recurrent idiopathic nephrolithiasis we studied whether treatment with sodium cellulose phosphate leading to decreased intestinal calcium absorption could induce secondary hyperparathyroidism and whether thiazides which diminish calciuria would impair glucose tolerance. After removal of a actual kidney stone, 74 patients were treated for one year as follows: 25 (group 1) received conventional therapy (Nieron), 22 (group 2) received sodium cellulose phosphate, and 27 (group 3) received sodium cellulose phosphate plus hydrochlorothiazide. The period of one year was too short to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment regarding stone recurrence, however, a significant decrease in calciuria only was seen in group 3. With respect to the possibility to develop secondary hyperparathyroidism, group 2 and group 3 did not reveal any hints. In group 3, the thiazide treatment did not worsen glucose tolerance. Therefore, longer lasting studies with these drugs could be performed without evident danger to develop the mentioned side effects.},
}
@article {pmid7414764,
year = {1980},
author = {Scholz, D and Schwille, PO and Sigel, A},
title = {[Effective treatment of urolithiasis requires metabolic classification (author's transl)].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {202-206},
pmid = {7414764},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*classification/metabolism/therapy ; },
abstract = {A diagnostic program for the metabolic classification of urolithiasis is proposed on the basis of pathophysiologic mechanisms. It allows categorization of patients in various subgroups, which is a prerequisite for the different regimens of non-surgical treatment. The characteristic clinical and biochemical features underlying this classification are outlined.},
}
@article {pmid7231793,
year = {1980},
author = {Mandressi, A and Trinchieri, A and Zanetti, G and Rocco, F},
title = {[Comparative evaluation of calciuria and uricosuria in 220 patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Minerva nefrologica},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {435-438},
pmid = {7231793},
issn = {0026-4873},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Recurrence ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7209265,
year = {1980},
author = {Giugliani, R and Ferrari, I},
title = {[Oxalic acid and urinary lithiasis: a study].},
journal = {Revista paulista de medicina},
volume = {96},
number = {1-2},
pages = {15-17},
pmid = {7209265},
issn = {0035-0362},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Diuresis ; Humans ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid6998074,
year = {1980},
author = {Schneider, HJ},
title = {[Etiology and pathogenesis of the urolithiasis (author's transl)].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {195-201},
pmid = {6998074},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Asia, Western ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cystinuria/complications ; Egypt ; Europe ; Female ; Germany, East ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/epidemiology/*etiology/history ; Xanthines/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7423135,
year = {1980},
author = {Jaeger, P and Burckhardt, P},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria: reevaluation of the diagnostic approach].},
journal = {Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {110},
number = {25},
pages = {969-975},
pmid = {7423135},
issn = {0036-7672},
mesh = {Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/blood/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*diagnosis ; Diet ; Humans ; Tablets ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6248982,
year = {1980},
author = {Lagrue, G and Hioco, D and Kazandjian, M and Cattaneo, A and Cassagnol, M},
title = {[Calcium nephrolithiasis and phosphate therapy. Long term study (65 cases) (author's transl)].},
journal = {La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris},
volume = {56},
number = {21-24},
pages = {1043-1048},
pmid = {6248982},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*drug therapy ; Crystallization ; Diphosphates/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/*therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Protected phosphate therapy was used in 65 cases of recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. Mean duration treatment was 2 years and 1 month (more than 3 years in 17 cases). Mean lithiasis episodes by year-patients were 1,55 renal colics and 0.34 stone formation before phosphate treatment, versus 0.66 renal colics and 0.10 stone formation (more than 60% reduction), during treatment. There was simultaneously decrease of hypercalciuria (24 cases out of 42), of asthenia (16 cases out of 19), of signs of spasmophilia (12 cases out of 18) and disappearing of bone pains (4 cases out of 6). Side effects were rare. Minor digestive troubles were observed in 11 cases: diarrhea (3 cases) or gastralgias (9 cases). These side-effects necessitated discontinuation of thiazide therapy in only two cases and reduction of doses in 6 other cases. From our data, phosphate therapy appears an efficient drug in recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. It acts in reducing levels of calciuria and enhancing urinary pyrophosphates excretion, inhibitors of calcium crystallization.},
}
@article {pmid7413326,
year = {1980},
author = {Bittner, K},
title = {[Effect of alkalosis on renal calcium and phosphate metabolism in children with kidney calculi].},
journal = {Pediatria polska},
volume = {55},
number = {6},
pages = {764-769},
pmid = {7413326},
issn = {0031-3939},
mesh = {Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Alkalosis/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Child ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid6253703,
year = {1980},
author = {Kohri, K and Yachiku, S and Kurita, T},
title = {[Endocrinological studies on pathogenesis of urolithiasis. II. Cyclic AMP as an index of parathyroid function in primary hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {71},
number = {6},
pages = {626-637},
pmid = {6253703},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/*physiopathology ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid7449340,
year = {1980},
author = {Torchiana, B and Benelli, R and Fiorini, A and Vannucchi, A and Gori, A and Caputo, A},
title = {[Our experience with medical treatment of uric lithiasis].},
journal = {La Clinica terapeutica},
volume = {93},
number = {3},
pages = {249-273},
pmid = {7449340},
issn = {0009-9074},
mesh = {Acetazolamide/therapeutic use ; Adult ; Aged ; Allopurinol/therapeutic use ; Antacids/therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diuretics/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Piperazines/therapeutic use ; Tromethamine/therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Uricosuric Agents/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Urography ; },
}
@article {pmid7389737,
year = {1980},
author = {Méhes, K and Szelid, Z},
title = {Autosomal dominant inheritance of hypercalciuria.},
journal = {European journal of pediatrics},
volume = {133},
number = {3},
pages = {239-242},
pmid = {7389737},
issn = {0340-6199},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*genetics/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Pedigree ; },
abstract = {We examined 37 first and second degree relatives of 10 children with hypercalciuria. In 2 families only the index patient was affected, while in 8 others one of the parents was hypercalciuric; in the total of 47 persons examined 23 cases of "idiopathic" hypercalciuria could be identified. None of the subjects was hypercalcemic. The pedigrees suggest autosomal dominant inheritance of the trait.},
}
@article {pmid7385476,
year = {1980},
author = {Timofeev, SA},
title = {[Pathogenesis of the phosphorus and calcium metabolic changes in urolithiasis].},
journal = {Urologiia i nefrologiia},
volume = {},
number = {3},
pages = {45-48},
pmid = {7385476},
issn = {0042-1154},
mesh = {Absorption ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Pyelonephritis/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6451385,
year = {1980},
author = {He, WH},
title = {[Milk of calcium renal stone (author's transl)].},
journal = {Zhonghua fang she xue za zhi Chinese journal of radiology},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {102-105},
pmid = {6451385},
issn = {1005-1201},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnostic imaging/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; },
}
@article {pmid7354777,
year = {1980},
author = {Sutton, RA and Walker, VR},
title = {Responses to hydrochlorothiazide and acetazolamide in patients with calcium stones. Evidence suggesting a defect in renal tubular function.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {302},
number = {13},
pages = {709-713},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM198003273021302},
pmid = {7354777},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Acetazolamide/*therapeutic use ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Creatinine/urine ; Electrolytes/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*therapeutic use ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/physiopathology/urine ; Kidney Tubules/*physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {Urinary excretion of sodium, calcium, and magnesium has been measured after single oral doses of hydrochlorothiazide (100 mg) and acetazolamide (500 mg) in unselected patients with calcareous renal stone formation and in normal control subjects. With hydrochlorothiazide, 36 stone formers had significantly greater increments in sodium (P less than 0.01), calcium (P less than 0.05), and magnesium (P less than 0.05) excretion than 20 normal subjects. With acetazolamide, 13 stone formers had a smaller increment in sodium excretion (P less than 0.05) than 10 normal subjects. The abnormal responses to both diuretics were most marked in the patients with hypercalciuria during fasting. These data suggest that the tubular handling of sodium, magnesium, and calcium may be abnormal in patients with calcareous renal stones and are consistent with the presence of a defect in proximal-tubular reabsorption of fluid and electrolytes that may be partly offset by increased reabsorption in the distal nephron.},
}
@article {pmid7359627,
year = {1980},
author = {Galosy, R and Clarke, L and Ward, DL and Pak, CY},
title = {Renal oxalate excretion in calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {123},
number = {3},
pages = {320-323},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)55916-9},
pmid = {7359627},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*urine ; Male ; Oxalates/*urine ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {Urinary oxalate was determined in an ambulatory setting in 107 patients with an increased intestinal calcium absorption rate in whom stones formed, 34 patients with normal calcium absorption in whom stones formed and 34 control subjects without stones. Urinary oxalate excretion was not significantly different when the diet was changed from a random to a calcium-restricted diet. Moreover, urinary oxalate was not higher during summer months when intestinal calcium absorption may have been stimulated. Diet history disclosed that many patients with an increased calcium absorption rate had been on a moderate oxalate-restricted diet, often as part of a calcium-restricted regimen for the control of hypercalciuria. The results indicate that renal oxalate excretion in an ambulatory setting is not critically dependent on the state of calcium absorption and intake, and that the imposition of a low calcium dietary regimen in patients with an increased calcium absorption and in whom stones form does not necessarily augment oxalate excretion.},
}
@article {pmid7374092,
year = {1980},
author = {Kuhlmann, U and Finkel, K and Binswanger, U and Siegenthaler, W},
title = {[Calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis. Frequency, pathogenesis, and consecutive renal diseases (author's transl)].},
journal = {Klinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {58},
number = {1},
pages = {17-23},
pmid = {7374092},
issn = {0023-2173},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Diseases/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Sarcoidosis/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7469260,
year = {1980},
author = {Ulmann, A},
title = {[Nutrition and calcium kidney lithiasis].},
journal = {Annales de la nutrition et de l'alimentation},
volume = {34},
number = {3},
pages = {519-526},
pmid = {7469260},
issn = {0003-4037},
mesh = {Absorption ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Dietary Carbohydrates/adverse effects/metabolism ; Dietary Proteins/adverse effects/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium Chloride/adverse effects ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; Vitamin D/adverse effects/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7460985,
year = {1980},
author = {Dunzendorfer, U},
title = {Change of urinary excretion of electrolytes after acid, base and furosemide application in sponge kidney.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {6},
number = {6},
pages = {352-356},
doi = {10.1159/000473371},
pmid = {7460985},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/drug therapy ; Alkalies/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Electrolytes/*urine ; Furosemide/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medullary Sponge Kidney/drug therapy/*urine ; },
abstract = {Sponge kidney is rare clinical and pathological entity, incidentally found in 0.4--1% of all excretory urographies. In the advanced stage of the disease, distal tubules are affected and renal-tubular acidosis, change of urinary laminar flow and Ca2+ wasting syndrome result in frequent formation of Ca-oxalate stones. Alkali therapy is investigated on the excretion of Na+, K+ and Ca2+ and compared to furosemide administration.},
}
@article {pmid7433629,
year = {1980},
author = {Muldowney, FP and Freaney, R and Ryan, JG},
title = {The pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria: evidence for renal tubular calcium leak.},
journal = {The Quarterly journal of medicine},
volume = {49},
number = {193},
pages = {87-94},
pmid = {7433629},
issn = {0033-5622},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/*metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; },
abstract = {A standard oral calcium loading test has been employed in a group of idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) subjects and in a group of marginally hypercalcaemic subjects with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in whom the diagnosis was revealed by careful combined measurements of serum ionized calcium and immuno-reactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Initial values for serum ionized calcium and creatinine clearance were similar in IH and in a control group of normal subjects, whereas iPTH levels were normal or low. Following oral loading, serum ionized calcium rose to similar levels in both IH and control subjects, with no suggestion of relative hypercalcaemia due to a postulated intestinal hyperabsorption in the IH group. A renal tubular calcium 'leak' was however clearly evident in the IH group, in both the fasting and post-absorptive phase. In the marginally hypercalcaemic PHPT subjects on the other hand, a relative post-absorptive hypercalcaemia was clearly apparent, as well as a gross renal tubular calcium leakage. Thus careful preliminary separation of masked PHPT from IH subjects is an essential step before evaluation of response to oral calcium challenge in stone-forming subjects. When this is done, no evidence of a relative post-absorptive hypercalcaemia can be seen in the residual IH group, and hypercalciuria appears to be 'renal' rather than 'absorptive' in origin.},
}
@article {pmid7424691,
year = {1980},
author = {Better, OS and Shabtai, M and Kedar, S and Melamud, A and Berenheim, J and Chaimovitz, C},
title = {Increased incidence of nephrolithiasis (N) in lifeguards (LG) in Israel.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {128},
number = {},
pages = {467-472},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4615-9167-2_51},
pmid = {7424691},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Israel ; Kidney Calculi/*epidemiology ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases/*epidemiology ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Risk ; *Swimming ; },
abstract = {Eleven of 45 (24%) LG had proven N. This is approximately twenty times the incidence of N in the general population. The present study was undertaken to determine the factors that contribute to this high incidence of N in LG.},
}
@article {pmid7415750,
year = {1980},
author = {Johansson, G and Danielson, BG and Ljunghall, S},
title = {Magnesium homeostasis in mild-to-moderate primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Acta chirurgica Scandinavica},
volume = {146},
number = {2},
pages = {85-91},
pmid = {7415750},
issn = {0001-5482},
mesh = {Adenoma/metabolism/surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; *Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*metabolism/surgery ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscles/metabolism ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/metabolism/surgery ; },
}
@article {pmid7269737,
year = {1980},
author = {Schubert, G},
title = {[Urinary calculi analysis].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur medizinische Laboratoriumsdiagnostik},
volume = {Suppl},
number = {},
pages = {1-20},
pmid = {7269737},
issn = {0323-5637},
mesh = {Ammonia/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cystine/metabolism ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; Xanthines/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid7206984,
year = {1980},
author = {Kienzle, HF and Radtke, J},
title = {[Localization and distribution of calcium salt in gallstones. A scanning electron microscopic study with energy-dispersive elemental analysis (author's transl)].},
journal = {Langenbecks Archiv fur Chirurgie},
volume = {353},
number = {3},
pages = {171-182},
pmid = {7206984},
issn = {0023-8236},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid/metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/*metabolism/pathology ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Gallbladder/pathology ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; },
abstract = {The surface of 68 fractured gallstones (28 patients) was investigated by SEM with energy-dispersive elemental analysis to show the topography of calcium salts. The localization of calcium salt is important with regard to chemolitholysis of calcium-containing cholesterol gallstones. The stones of 15 patients showed a concentration of calcium in the nucleus: in 4 the calcium salt was concentrated in the shell of the stone. In two more cases it was determined that calcium was present in both nucleus and shell. In seven it was impossible to place the stones in one of the above classes. Calcium salt in the shell seems to impede lysis by chenodeoxycholic acid; in these stones there is a small amount of insoluble calcium salt in the nucleus which remains after possible lysis of a cholesterol shell. The most appropriate stones for therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid are apparently those which harbor calcium salts with diffuse localization, so that no distinct nucleus no shell can be seen.},
}
@article {pmid7010570,
year = {1980},
author = {Robertson, WG and Peacock, M and Heyburn, PJ},
title = {Clinical and metabolic aspects of urinary stone disease in Leeds.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum},
volume = {53},
number = {},
pages = {199-206},
pmid = {7010570},
issn = {0300-8886},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bacterial Infections/complications ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Child ; Crystallization ; Cystine/metabolism ; England ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/complications/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {In summary, the persistent passage of urine excessively supersaturated with calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate in conjunction with a low level of inhibitory activity increases the risk of abnormal crystalluria and stones in a given individual. Treatment of the disorder must be aimed at correcting the abnormal risk factor(s) in that individual.},
}
@article {pmid7006616,
year = {1980},
author = {Scholz, D and Schwille, PO},
title = {[Efficacy of thiazide in idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. Results of a one-year double-blind study (author's transl)].},
journal = {Arzneimittel-Forschung},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {1928-1932},
pmid = {7006616},
issn = {0004-4172},
mesh = {Adult ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Double-Blind Method ; Electrolytes/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy ; },
abstract = {In a one-year double-blind study, the efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide was tested in 51 out-patients with recurrent calcium lithiasis. In the group to which thiazide had been administered, urinary calcium was significantly and lastingly reduced (p < 0.001 in fasting and daily urine), in the placebo group, however, it remained unaltered. Total serum calcium was unspecifically raised in both groups (protein-bound fraction) since ionized and ultrafiltrable calcium remained unchanged and parameters for parathyroid gland function tended to be reduced. The daily oxalate excretion in the urine was reduced in both groups during treatment and most expressedly in the placebo group (p < 0.05), which indicates an influence of unspecific factors. Activity products of calcium oxalate and brushite were reduced in both groups almost equally within the metastable region. In each group, 6 patients spontaneously developed kidney stones while treated. Our data indicate that effective reduction of urinary calcium by means of hydrochlorothiazide without dietary sodium restriction is possible and that causes other than urinary calcium must account for stone formation under thiazide administration.},
}
@article {pmid7002451,
year = {1980},
author = {Suki, WN},
title = {Hypercalciuria: diagnosis and management.},
journal = {Contributions to nephrology},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {21-33},
doi = {10.1159/000389996},
pmid = {7002451},
issn = {0302-5144},
mesh = {Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Cellulose/therapeutic use ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney/metabolism ; Male ; Phosphates/blood/therapeutic use ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/complications ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria may be due to increased bone resorption, increased intestinal absorption, increased renal excretion or due to hypophosphatemia. Examination of the serum for calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2D3, and of the urine for calcium, phosphorus and cyclic AMP will help arrive at the correct diagnosis. Therapies specific for each type of hypercalciuria are available and can be used. However, a more simplified diagnostic approach, and the use of thiazide diuretics for therapy, will usually suffice in the majority of patients.},
}
@article {pmid6999859,
year = {1980},
author = {Pak, CY},
title = {A critical evaluation of treatment of calcium stones.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {128},
number = {},
pages = {451-465},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4615-9167-2_50},
pmid = {6999859},
issn = {0065-2598},
support = {MO1-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P50-AM20543/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01-AM16061/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Allopurinol/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry, Physical ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/etiology/physiopathology ; },
}
@article {pmid6938004,
year = {1980},
author = {},
title = {Alternative treatment in kidney stone disease.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum},
volume = {53},
number = {},
pages = {273-284},
pmid = {6938004},
issn = {0300-8886},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/metabolism/*therapy ; Male ; Oxalates/urine ; Radiography ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6937998,
year = {1980},
author = {Smith, LH and Werness, PG and Wilson, DM},
title = {Metabolic and clinical disturbances in patients with calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum},
volume = {53},
number = {},
pages = {213-220},
pmid = {6937998},
issn = {0300-8886},
support = {AM 20605/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; RR 585/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Creatinine/urine ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases/complications ; Oxalates/urine ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/metabolism/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid6937987,
year = {1980},
author = {Ljunghall, S and Backman, U and Danielson, BG and Fellström, B and Johansson, G and Wikström, B},
title = {Calcium metabolism in renal stone disease.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum},
volume = {53},
number = {},
pages = {111-123},
pmid = {6937987},
issn = {0300-8886},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/pharmacology ; Hypercalcemia/complications/drug therapy/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/diagnosis ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Phosphates/blood ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid6901172,
year = {1980},
author = {Raszeja-Wanic, B},
title = {[Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of calcium lithiasis].},
journal = {Pielegniarka i polozna},
volume = {},
number = {4},
pages = {16-17},
pmid = {6901172},
issn = {0048-4148},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Calculi/diagnosis/*metabolism/therapy ; Humans ; },
}
@article {pmid5806490,
year = {1969},
author = {Schöne, D and Hauschild, G and Wässer, S},
title = {[Hypercalciuria during therapy with calcium paraaminosalicylate as a pathogenic factor of urolithiasis].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {94},
number = {38},
pages = {1928-1932},
doi = {10.1055/s-0028-1110367},
pmid = {5806490},
issn = {0012-0472},
mesh = {Aminosalicylic Acids/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects ; Calcium/*blood/metabolism/*urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy ; Urinary Calculi/*chemically induced ; },
}
@article {pmid5797755,
year = {1969},
author = {Keynes, WM and Barnes, BA and Gordon, E and Cope, O},
title = {Metabolic study of hyperparathyroid and other renal stone formers using a very low intake of calcium and magnesium.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {56},
number = {8},
pages = {624},
pmid = {5797755},
issn = {0007-1323},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Diet ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5791904,
year = {1969},
author = {Schöne, D and Hauschild, G and Wässer, S},
title = {[Hypercalciuria under PAS-calcium medication as a pathogenic factor in urolithiasis. 1].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {94},
number = {29},
pages = {1491-4 passim},
doi = {10.1055/s-0028-1110287},
pmid = {5791904},
issn = {0012-0472},
mesh = {Aminosalicylic Acids/*adverse effects ; Calcium/*adverse effects/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/chemically induced/*complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis/etiology ; Male ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Miliary/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy ; Urinary Calculi/*chemically induced/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/etiology ; Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid5806768,
year = {1969},
author = {Harnapp, GO},
title = {[The effect of sterols and steroids on the body calcium fractions].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung},
volume = {63},
number = {11},
pages = {612-621},
pmid = {5806768},
issn = {0044-2178},
mesh = {Aged ; Anabolic Agents/pharmacology ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Decalcification, Pathologic/chemically induced ; Dihydrotachysterol/pharmacology ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/physiology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/physiology ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/metabolism ; Prednisone/adverse effects/pharmacology ; Rickets/blood ; Steroids/*pharmacology ; Stress, Physiological/complications ; Tetany/blood ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; Vitamin D/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/pharmacology ; },
}
@article {pmid5769882,
year = {1969},
author = {},
title = {Research into calcium metabolism.},
journal = {British medical journal},
volume = {2},
number = {5656},
pages = {528-529},
pmid = {5769882},
issn = {0007-1447},
mesh = {*Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/*etiology ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5767446,
year = {1969},
author = {Goldsmith, RS and Killian, P and Ingbar, SH and Bass, DE},
title = {Effect of phosphate supplementation during immobilization of normal men.},
journal = {Metabolism: clinical and experimental},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {349-368},
doi = {10.1016/0026-0495(69)90064-x},
pmid = {5767446},
issn = {0026-0495},
mesh = {Body Weight ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/urine ; Casts, Surgical ; *Diet Therapy ; Feces/analysis ; Humans ; *Immobilization ; Male ; Nitrogen/urine ; Oxalates/urine ; Paraplegia/therapy ; Phosphates/blood/*therapeutic use/urine ; Urinary Calculi/therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid5770938,
year = {1969},
author = {Borgno, M and Marten Perolino, R},
title = {[Notes on etiopathogenesis and current trends of medical treatment of renal lithiasis].},
journal = {Minerva medica},
volume = {60},
number = {32},
pages = {1543-1571},
pmid = {5770938},
issn = {0026-4806},
mesh = {Amino Acids/metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; *Diet Therapy ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Infections/complications ; Metabolic Diseases/complications ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/*therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid5775458,
year = {1969},
author = {Thomas, GO},
title = {Hypercalciuria in sarcoidosis treated with inorganic phosphates.},
journal = {British medical journal},
volume = {2},
number = {5649},
pages = {96-98},
pmid = {5775458},
issn = {0007-1447},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*drug therapy ; Calculi/prevention &amp; control ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Male ; Phosphates/*therapeutic use ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/etiology ; Sarcoidosis/drug therapy/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5773336,
year = {1969},
author = {Goulding, A and Malthus, RS},
title = {Effect of dietary magnesium on the development of nephrocalcinosis in rats.},
journal = {The Journal of nutrition},
volume = {97},
number = {3},
pages = {353-358},
doi = {10.1093/jn/97.3.353},
pmid = {5773336},
issn = {0022-3166},
mesh = {Animals ; Body Weight ; Calcium/blood/metabolism ; *Calcium Phosphates ; Carbonates ; Chlorides ; Diet ; Female ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney/anatomy &amp; histology/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; *Magnesium/blood/metabolism/urine ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/*etiology ; Phosphates ; Phosphorus/blood ; Rats ; Sex Factors ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/etiology ; Urine ; Water ; },
}
@article {pmid5769477,
year = {1969},
author = {Frohmüller, H},
title = {[The formation of urinary calculi].},
journal = {Medizinische Klinik},
volume = {64},
number = {7},
pages = {269-273},
pmid = {5769477},
issn = {0025-8458},
mesh = {Body Constitution ; Calcium/metabolism ; Climate ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases/complications ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Stress, Physiological/complications ; Urinary Calculi/classification/*etiology/metabolism ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid5818178,
year = {1969},
author = {Lemann, J and Piering, WF and Lennon, EJ},
title = {Possible role of carbohydrate-induced calciuria in calcium oxalate kidney-stone formation.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {280},
number = {5},
pages = {232-237},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM196901302800502},
pmid = {5818178},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Adult ; Animals ; *Calcium/blood/*urine ; Diet ; *Dietary Carbohydrates ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/genetics/urine ; Magnesium/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Milk ; *Oxalates ; Sucrose ; },
}
@article {pmid5782577,
year = {1969},
author = {Lutzeyer, W},
title = {[Calcium oxalate calculus: therapy and prevention].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {94},
number = {3},
pages = {141},
pmid = {5782577},
issn = {0012-0472},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid5773525,
year = {1969},
author = {Borden, TA and Lyon, ES},
title = {The effects of magnesium and pH on experimental calcium oxalate stone disease.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {412-422},
pmid = {5773525},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Ammonium Chloride/pharmacology ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diet Therapy ; Glycols ; *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/prevention &amp; control ; Magnesium/*pharmacology ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Rats ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid5732646,
year = {1968},
author = {Broyer, M and Berger, R},
title = {[Oxalosis].},
journal = {La Presse medicale},
volume = {76},
number = {50},
pages = {2395-2396},
pmid = {5732646},
issn = {0032-7867},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/diagnosis ; Alcohol Oxidoreductases/analysis ; Allopurinol/therapeutic use ; Biopsy ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Disulfiram/therapeutic use ; Enzyme Repression ; Glyoxylates/metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Kidney/analysis ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology ; Leukocytes/analysis ; Nephrocalcinosis/etiology ; Oxalates/analysis/*biosynthesis/*urine ; Pyridoxine/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid5754890,
year = {1968},
author = {Gordan, GS and Roof, BS},
title = {Laboratory tests fro hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {206},
number = {12},
pages = {2729-2731},
doi = {10.1001/jama.206.12.2729},
pmid = {5754890},
issn = {0098-7484},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Endocrine System Diseases/complications ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*diagnosis/etiology/urine ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications ; Phosphates/urine ; Uric Acid/blood ; Urinary Calculi/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid5696311,
year = {1968},
author = {Paunier, L and Kooh, SW and Conen, PE and Gibson, AA and Fraser, D},
title = {Renal function and histology after long-term vitamin D therapy of vitamin D refractory rickets.},
journal = {The Journal of pediatrics},
volume = {73},
number = {6},
pages = {833-844},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-3476(68)80236-7},
pmid = {5696311},
issn = {0022-3476},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; Biopsy ; Calcium/blood/metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Histocytochemistry ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/chemically induced ; Kidney/drug effects/metabolism/*pathology/*physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/chemically induced ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Potassium/blood ; Rickets/*drug therapy ; Vitamin D/administration &amp; dosage/*adverse effects ; },
}
@article {pmid5743405,
year = {1968},
author = {Capra, P and Miano, L},
title = {[Urinary lithiasis. (Etiopathogenetic, clinical and therapeutic problems].},
journal = {Il Policlinico. Sezione pratica},
volume = {75},
number = {45},
pages = {1465-1489},
pmid = {5743405},
issn = {0032-2644},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Calcinosis/complications ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Dehydration/complications ; Gout/complications ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Immobilization ; Kidney Calculi ; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid5746553,
year = {1968},
author = {Lemieux, G},
title = {[Metabolic aspects of renal lithiasis].},
journal = {L'union medicale du Canada},
volume = {97},
number = {11},
pages = {1555-1561},
pmid = {5746553},
issn = {0041-6959},
mesh = {*Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Cystine/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; Xanthines/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5687258,
year = {1968},
author = {Howard, JE and Thomas, WC},
title = {Control of crystallization in urine.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {45},
number = {5},
pages = {693-699},
doi = {10.1016/0002-9343(68)90205-2},
pmid = {5687258},
issn = {0002-9343},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Crystallization ; Depression, Chemical ; Diet Therapy ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydroxyapatites/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*prevention &amp; control/urine ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5687257,
year = {1968},
author = {Boyce, WH},
title = {Organic matrix of human urinary concretions.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {45},
number = {5},
pages = {673-683},
doi = {10.1016/0002-9343(68)90203-9},
pmid = {5687257},
issn = {0002-9343},
mesh = {Animals ; Apatites/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Proteinuria ; Pyelonephritis/urine ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*metabolism/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5687256,
year = {1968},
author = {Smith, LH},
title = {Symposium on stones. Introduction. Books in the running brooks, sermons in stone.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {45},
number = {5},
pages = {649-653},
doi = {10.1016/0002-9343(68)90201-5},
pmid = {5687256},
issn = {0002-9343},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism/urine ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5674917,
year = {1968},
author = {Parsons, V and Veall, N and Butterfield, WJ},
title = {The clinical use of orally administered 47Ca for the investigation of intestinal calcium absorption.},
journal = {Calcified tissue research},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {83-92},
pmid = {5674917},
issn = {0008-0594},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Bone Diseases/diagnosis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Isotopes/analysis ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*diagnosis ; Feces/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomalacia/diagnosis ; Osteoporosis/diagnosis ; },
}
@article {pmid5656279,
year = {1968},
author = {Peacock, M and Knowles, F and Nordin, BE},
title = {Effect of calcium administration and deprivation on serum and urine calcium in stone-forming and control subjects.},
journal = {British medical journal},
volume = {2},
number = {5607},
pages = {729-731},
pmid = {5656279},
issn = {0007-1447},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*urine ; *Calcium, Dietary ; Creatinine/urine ; *Fasting ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid5656275,
year = {1968},
author = {},
title = {Calcium stones in the kidney.},
journal = {British medical journal},
volume = {2},
number = {5607},
pages = {711-712},
pmid = {5656275},
issn = {0007-1447},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5681598,
year = {1968},
author = {Malhotra, KK and Ahuja, MM and Singh, SM and Bapna, BC},
title = {A correlative study of urinary calculus disease.},
journal = {Indian journal of medical sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {6},
pages = {380-387},
pmid = {5681598},
issn = {0019-5359},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5699075,
year = {1968},
author = {Peacock, M and Nordin, BE},
title = {Tubular reabsorption of calcium in normal and hypercalciuric subjects.},
journal = {Journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {21},
number = {3},
pages = {353-358},
pmid = {5699075},
issn = {0021-9746},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*etiology/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/urine ; Kidney Function Tests ; *Kidney Tubules ; Male ; },
abstract = {Tubular reabsorption and excretion of calcium were studied at different levels of filtered calcium by means of calcium infusion in normal and hypercalciuric subjects and in patients with idiopathic nephrolithiasis. Calcium reabsorption and excretion rose linearly with filtered load and in no case was a maximum tubular reabsorptive capacity for calcium reached. No decrease in tubular reabsorption of calcium was found in hypercalciuric as compared with normocalciuric subjects, and no difference in tubular reabsorption was found between patients with idiopathic nephrolithiasis and normal subjects. Calcium excretion and reabsorption calculated from the endogenous creatinine clearance during calcium infusion were virtually identical with the corresponding values calculated from the inulin clearance.},
}
@article {pmid5754197,
year = {1968},
author = {Golovin, VG and Malov, AA and Volkov, AD},
title = {[Urinary calculi in rams and bulls].},
journal = {Veterinariia},
volume = {45},
number = {3},
pages = {64-66},
pmid = {5754197},
issn = {0042-4846},
mesh = {Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cattle ; Cattle Diseases/*etiology ; Male ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Physical Exertion ; Sex Factors ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/*etiology ; Urinary Calculi/*veterinary ; },
}
@article {pmid5689565,
year = {1968},
author = {Bushman, DH and Emerick, RJ and Embry, LB},
title = {Effect of various chlorides and calcium carbonate on calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chloride balance and their relationship to urinary calculi in lambs.},
journal = {Journal of animal science},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {490-496},
doi = {10.2527/jas1968.272490x},
pmid = {5689565},
issn = {0021-8812},
mesh = {Ammonium Chloride/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/*pharmacology ; Chlorides/*metabolism/*pharmacology ; Male ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Potassium Chloride/pharmacology ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/*chemically induced ; Sodium/*metabolism ; Sodium Chloride/pharmacology ; Urinary Calculi/chemically induced/*veterinary ; },
}
@article {pmid5654488,
year = {1968},
author = {Ubelhör, R and Gasser, G},
title = {[Possibilities of the conservative treatment of urinary calculi in experiment and clinic].},
journal = {Der Urologe},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {41-46},
pmid = {5654488},
mesh = {Animals ; Biopsy ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy/etiology ; Cystinuria/genetics ; Gout/drug therapy ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis ; Kidney Calculi/classification ; Oxalates ; Phenylbutazone/therapeutic use ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Uric Acid/blood ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5635317,
year = {1968},
author = {Strott, CA and Nugent, CA},
title = {Laboratory tests in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism in hypercalcemic patients.},
journal = {Annals of internal medicine},
volume = {68},
number = {1},
pages = {188-202},
doi = {10.7326/0003-4819-68-1-188},
pmid = {5635317},
issn = {0003-4819},
mesh = {Bone and Bones/pathology ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Creatinine/urine ; Glucocorticoids/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*diagnosis ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis ; Parathyroid Glands/diagnostic imaging ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/blood/urine ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Radiography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; },
}
@article {pmid6063354,
year = {1967},
author = {Karwowska-Stauberowa, L and Starzyńska, R},
title = {[Disorders in the calcium-phosphorus metabolism in the subject with pancreatic and kidney calculi (hyperparathyroidism?)].},
journal = {Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)},
volume = {22},
number = {41},
pages = {1578-1580},
pmid = {6063354},
issn = {0032-3756},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcinosis/complications ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/*complications ; Male ; Pancreatic Diseases/*complications ; *Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders ; },
}
@article {pmid6059975,
year = {1967},
author = {Covaliu, T and Rugendorff, EW},
title = {[The role of ionic disorders in the pathogenesis of urinary lithiasis].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie et de nephrologie},
volume = {73},
number = {9},
pages = {719-723},
pmid = {6059975},
issn = {0021-8200},
mesh = {Alkalosis/*complications ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Humans ; Minerals/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5589322,
year = {1967},
author = {Gundlach, G and Bressel, M and Hoppe-Seyler, GF},
title = {[Clinical viewpoints on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in patients with urinary calculi].},
journal = {Der Urologe},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {231-234},
pmid = {5589322},
mesh = {Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Calcium, Dietary/metabolism ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; *Hypercalcemia ; Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Phosphates/*blood/urine ; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; },
}
@article {pmid5589321,
year = {1967},
author = {Kollwitz, AA and Brauer, R and Kracht, H},
title = {[Own experiences with phosphate therapy of urinary calculi].},
journal = {Der Urologe},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {228-230},
pmid = {5589321},
mesh = {Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Inositol/therapeutic use ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy ; Male ; Phosphates/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid5596641,
year = {1967},
author = {Bromig, G and Andreadis, P},
title = {[Experimental production of urinary calculi in rats by combined administration of calcinosis factor and calcium salts].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {60},
number = {6},
pages = {369-371},
pmid = {5596641},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Adult ; Animals ; Calcium Carbonate ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Calcium Phosphates/biosynthesis ; Calcium, Dietary ; Diet ; Dihydrotachysterol/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/etiology ; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology ; Rats ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Vitamin A/pharmacology ; },
}
@article {pmid6025919,
year = {1967},
author = {Boyce, WH and McKinney, WM and Long, TT and Drach, GW},
title = {Oral administration of methylene blue to patients with renal calculi.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {97},
number = {5},
pages = {783-789},
doi = {10.1016/S0022-5347(17)63117-3},
pmid = {6025919},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy ; Male ; Methylene Blue/*administration &amp; dosage/*therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Urography ; },
}
@article {pmid6023850,
year = {1967},
author = {Gershoff, SN and Prien, EL},
title = {Effect of daily MgO and vitamin B6 administration to patients with recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {393-399},
doi = {10.1093/ajcn/20.5.393},
pmid = {6023850},
issn = {0002-9165},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*prevention &amp; control ; Magnesium Oxide/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Pyridoxine/*therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid6020130,
year = {1967},
author = {Dreizen, S and Spirakis, CN and Dreizen, JG and Stone, RE},
title = {The deterrent effect of milk fat on urinary calculus formation in milk fed rats.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {4},
number = {5},
pages = {445-454},
pmid = {6020130},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Calcium Phosphates ; *Dietary Fats ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; *Milk ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Rats ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/etiology ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5929229,
year = {1966},
author = {Rutishauser, G},
title = {[Therapy of nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {91},
number = {51},
pages = {2302-2304},
doi = {10.1055/s-0028-1111693},
pmid = {5929229},
issn = {0012-0472},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Citrates/therapeutic use ; Diet Therapy ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/*therapy ; Magnesium/therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5973394,
year = {1966},
author = {Frick, J},
title = {[On the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Wiener klinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {78},
number = {50},
pages = {894-897},
pmid = {5973394},
issn = {0043-5325},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/blood/complications/*diagnosis/urine ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Nephrocalcinosis/etiology ; Phosphates/urine ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5979861,
year = {1966},
author = {Zvara, V and Revúsová, V},
title = {[Hypercalcinuria and its relation to the formation of urinary concrements in children].},
journal = {Bratislavske lekarske listy},
volume = {46},
number = {10},
pages = {604-612},
pmid = {5979861},
issn = {0006-9248},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/*urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5921337,
year = {1966},
author = {Greenberg, AJ and McNamara, H and McCrory, WW},
title = {Metabolic balance studies in primary renal tubular acidosis: effects of acidosis on external calcium and phosphorus balances.},
journal = {The Journal of pediatrics},
volume = {69},
number = {4},
pages = {610-618},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-3476(66)80048-3},
pmid = {5921337},
issn = {0022-3476},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/complications ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5941038,
year = {1966},
author = {Parsons, RP},
title = {Movement of radioactive calcium from urine to rachitic rat cartilage.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {73-78},
pmid = {5941038},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Absorption ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; *Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Isotopes ; Humans ; Radiometry ; Rats ; Rickets/*metabolism ; Tibia ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Diversion ; Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5910228,
year = {1966},
author = {Yendt, ER and Gagné, RJ and Cohanim, M},
title = {The effects of thiazides in idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The American journal of the medical sciences},
volume = {251},
number = {4},
pages = {449-460},
doi = {10.1097/00000441-196604000-00009},
pmid = {5910228},
issn = {0002-9629},
mesh = {Benzothiadiazines/*therapeutic use ; Blood ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Chlorides ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*therapeutic use ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Magnesium ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5959812,
year = {1966},
author = {Berariu, T and Băltescu, V and Proinov, I and Cătană, R},
title = {[Studies on disturbances of mineral metabolism in oxalurilithiasis and their adjustment].},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {338-352},
doi = {10.1159/000279428},
pmid = {5959812},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Citrates/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Magnesium/therapeutic use ; Metabolic Diseases/*drug therapy/*metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Pyridoxine/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5929455,
year = {1966},
author = {Howard, JE and Thomas, WC and Smith, LH and Barker, LM and Wadkins, CL},
title = {A urinary peptide with extraordinary inhibitory powers against biological "calcification" (deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals).},
journal = {Transactions of the Association of American Physicians},
volume = {79},
number = {},
pages = {137-145},
pmid = {5929455},
issn = {0066-9458},
mesh = {Acrylates ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cartilage ; Cats ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chromatography, Paper ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydroxyapatites/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Peptides/*urine ; Phosphates/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5856943,
year = {1965},
author = {Hagberg, B and Michaëlsson, M},
title = {[Kidney calculi with congenital hypothyroidism in an infant].},
journal = {Nordisk medicin},
volume = {74},
number = {48},
pages = {1220-1222},
pmid = {5856943},
issn = {0029-1420},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; *Congenital Hypothyroidism ; Female ; Hematuria/*etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/*drug therapy ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Thyroid Hormones/*therapeutic use ; Vitamin D/*adverse effects ; },
}
@article {pmid5855992,
year = {1965},
author = {Thomas, J and Thomas, E and Desgrez, P},
title = {[Hypocalciuric action of benzthiazide evaluated on 50 cases of hypercalciuric renal lithiasis. Concomitant study of phosphate, magnesium and urate elimination and of the behavior of titratable acidity and urinary pH].},
journal = {Therapie},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {1443-1461},
pmid = {5855992},
issn = {0040-5957},
mesh = {Benzothiadiazines/*therapeutic use ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid5840913,
year = {1965},
author = {Syc, S and Wedrychowicz, A},
title = {[Daily calcium urinary excretion in partly immobilized patients with paralysis or in plastic casts].},
journal = {Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)},
volume = {18},
number = {20},
pages = {1579-1583},
pmid = {5840913},
issn = {0043-5147},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Casts, Surgical ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Female ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paralysis/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5866681,
year = {1965},
author = {Kiesewetter, E and Rummelhardt, S},
title = {[Effect of hyaluronic acid upon severe urinary tract infection in idiopathic hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {58},
number = {10},
pages = {735-738},
pmid = {5866681},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {*Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid/*therapeutic use ; Kidney Calculi/*surgery ; Male ; Pyelonephritis/*drug therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/*drug therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid5840979,
year = {1965},
author = {Edwards, NA and Hodgkinson, A},
title = {Studies of renal function in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Clinical science},
volume = {29},
number = {2},
pages = {327-338},
pmid = {5840979},
issn = {0009-9287},
mesh = {Ammonium Chloride/pharmacology ; Bicarbonates/pharmacology ; Blood ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Creatine ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kidney Calculi/*physiopathology ; *Kidney Function Tests ; Kidney Tubules/physiopathology ; Lactates/pharmacology ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology ; Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid14314910,
year = {1965},
author = {DENT, CE and WATSON, L},
title = {METABOLIC STUDIES IN A PATIENT WITH IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCIURIA.},
journal = {British medical journal},
volume = {2},
number = {5459},
pages = {449-452},
pmid = {14314910},
issn = {0007-1447},
mesh = {Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*therapeutic use ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Calcium, Dietary ; Cortisone/*therapeutic use ; *Diagnosis ; *Diet ; *Diet Therapy ; *Feces ; *Fish Oils ; Humans ; *Hypercalciuria ; *Intestinal Absorption ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Urine ; *Vitamin D ; },
}
@article {pmid5842985,
year = {1965},
author = {Horn, HD},
title = {[Clinical and biochemical findings in patients with urolithiasis. Significance of primary hyperparathyroidism in tubular acidogenesis].},
journal = {Bruns' Beitrage fur klinische Chirurgie},
volume = {211},
number = {1},
pages = {74-92},
pmid = {5842985},
issn = {0007-2680},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/*etiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Oxalates ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5825208,
year = {1965},
author = {Edwards, NA and Hodgkinson, A},
title = {Phosphate metabolism in patients with renal calculus.},
journal = {Clinical science},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {93-106},
pmid = {5825208},
issn = {0009-9287},
mesh = {Adult ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Diet ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Middle Aged ; *Phosphates ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5849066,
year = {1965},
author = {Frick, J and Marberger, E and Marberger, H},
title = {[Primary hyperparathyroidism and citric acid content in blood serum and urine].},
journal = {Der Urologe},
volume = {4},
number = {4},
pages = {165-166},
pmid = {5849066},
mesh = {Adult ; Blood/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Citrates/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*diagnosis ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/*diagnosis ; Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5837384,
year = {1965},
author = {Kny, W and Mapxenear, D},
title = {[Citrate excretion and formation of urinary calculi].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {58},
number = {4},
pages = {243-250},
pmid = {5837384},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Citrates/*metabolism ; Humans ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid14323516,
year = {1965},
author = {HEIDEL, G},
title = {[THE INCIDENCE OF CALCIUM CONCREMENTS IN THE INFANTILE PINEAL BODY].},
journal = {Anatomischer Anzeiger},
volume = {116},
number = {},
pages = {139-154},
pmid = {14323516},
issn = {0003-2786},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Calculi ; Child ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; *Pineal Gland ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid14245202,
year = {1965},
author = {NASSIM, JR and HIGGINS, BA},
title = {CONTROL OF IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCIURIA.},
journal = {British medical journal},
volume = {1},
number = {5436},
pages = {675-681},
pmid = {14245202},
issn = {0007-1447},
mesh = {*Bendroflumethiazide ; *Bicarbonates ; *Blood Chemical Analysis ; *Calcium ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Cellulose ; *Chlorothiazide ; *Cortisone ; *Diagnosis, Differential ; *Diet ; *Diet Therapy ; *Drug Therapy ; *Feces ; *Fluids and Secretions ; Humans ; *Hydrochlorothiazide ; *Hypercalciuria ; *Inositol ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Kidney Function Tests ; *Pharmacology ; Phosphates/*blood ; *Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid14272398,
year = {1965},
author = {MIDDLETON, JD},
title = {HUMAN SALIVARY PROTEINS AND ARTIFICIAL CALCULUS FORMATION IN VITRO.},
journal = {Archives of oral biology},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {227-235},
doi = {10.1016/0003-9969(65)90024-5},
pmid = {14272398},
issn = {0003-9969},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Dental Calculus ; Humans ; *Hyaluronoglucosaminidase ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Mucoproteins ; *Neuraminic Acids ; *Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 ; *Parotid Gland ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; *Saliva ; *Salivary Proteins and Peptides ; *Submandibular Gland ; *Trypsin ; },
}
@article {pmid14237927,
year = {1965},
author = {CANIGGIA, A and GENNARI, C and CESARI, L},
title = {INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF 45CA IN STONE-FORMING PATIENTS.},
journal = {British medical journal},
volume = {1},
number = {5432},
pages = {427-429},
pmid = {14237927},
issn = {0007-1447},
mesh = {*Adenoma ; *Blood Chemical Analysis ; *Body Fluids ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Isotopes ; *Feces ; *Fluids and Secretions ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; *Kidney Calculi ; Middle Aged ; *Nephrocalcinosis ; *Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica ; *Parathyroid Neoplasms ; *Statistics as Topic ; *Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid14337650,
year = {1965},
author = {DUCASSOU, J and PONTHIEU, A},
title = {[APROPOS OF RENAL LITHIASIS OF PARATHYROID ORIGIN].},
journal = {Rein et foie, maladies de la nutrition; actualites},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {69-74},
pmid = {14337650},
issn = {0085-5464},
mesh = {*Adenoma ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Lithiasis ; Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; *Parathyroid Glands ; *Parathyroid Neoplasms ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; *Surgical Procedures, Operative ; *Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid14327910,
year = {1965},
author = {DEBRAY, C and HARDOUIN, JP and RAMBAUD, JC},
title = {[POLYENDOCRINE ADENOMATOSIS, PANCREATIC ADENOMATOSIS WITH RECURRENT PEPTIC ULCER (ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME). PARATHYROID ADENOMA WITH RENAL LITHIASIS AND PHOSPHO-CALCIUM METABOLISM DISORDERS].},
journal = {Revue internationale d'hepatologie},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {527-534},
pmid = {14327910},
mesh = {*Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Lithiasis ; *Metabolic Diseases ; *Parathyroid Neoplasms ; *Peptic Ulcer ; *Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome ; },
}
@article {pmid14295222,
year = {1965},
author = {MCGEOWN, MG},
title = {CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {83-92},
doi = {10.1159/000279277},
pmid = {14295222},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {*Blood ; *Blood Protein Electrophoresis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Hypercalcemia ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Kidney Calculi ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; *Urine ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid14236784,
year = {1964},
author = {PARFITT, AM and HIGGINS, BA and NASSIM, JR and COLLINS, JA and HILB, A},
title = {METABOLIC STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERCALCIURIA.},
journal = {Clinical science},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {463-482},
pmid = {14236784},
issn = {0009-9287},
mesh = {*Ammonium Chloride ; *Bicarbonates ; *Blood Chemical Analysis ; *Calcium ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Calcium, Dietary ; Cortisone/*therapeutic use ; *Diet ; *Drug Therapy ; *Feces ; Humans ; *Hypercalciuria ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Inositol ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Nephrocalcinosis ; *Nitrogen ; *Osteitis Deformans ; *Phosphates ; *Phosphorus ; *Phosphorus, Dietary ; *Sarcoidosis ; *Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid14236783,
year = {1964},
author = {HIGGINS, BA and NASSIM, JR and COLLINS, J and HILB, A},
title = {THE EFFECT OF BENDROFLUAZIDE ON URINE CALCIUM EXCRETION.},
journal = {Clinical science},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {457-462},
pmid = {14236783},
issn = {0009-9287},
mesh = {*Arthritis ; *Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; *Bendroflumethiazide ; *Calcium ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Creatine ; *Creatinine ; *Diuretics ; *Drug Therapy ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Magnesium ; *Organomercury Compounds ; *Osteoporosis ; *Pyelonephritis ; *Rickets ; *Sodium ; *Toxicology ; *Urine ; *Vitamin D ; },
}
@article {pmid14236779,
year = {1964},
author = {DENT, CE and HARPER, CM and PARFITT, AM},
title = {THE EFFECT OF CELLULOSE PHOSPHATE ON CALCIUM METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERCALCIURIA.},
journal = {Clinical science},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {417-425},
pmid = {14236779},
issn = {0009-9287},
mesh = {*Calcium ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Cellulose ; *Diet ; *Diet Therapy ; *Drug Therapy ; *Feces ; Humans ; *Hypercalciuria ; *Nephrocalcinosis ; *Pharmacology ; *Phosphates ; *Urinary Calculi ; *Urine ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid14241932,
year = {1964},
author = {CANIGGIA, A and GENNARI, C},
title = {[INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE PATHOLOGY OF INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM].},
journal = {Minerva medica},
volume = {55},
number = {},
pages = {3765-3782},
pmid = {14241932},
issn = {0026-4806},
mesh = {*Acromegaly ; *Calcium ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Child ; *Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder ; *Fluoride Poisoning ; *Geriatrics ; Humans ; *Hypercalcemia ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Intestinal Absorption ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Malabsorption Syndromes ; *Osteomalacia ; *Osteoporosis ; *Rickets ; *Sarcoidosis ; *Toxicology ; *Uremia ; *Vitamin D ; },
}
@article {pmid14206003,
year = {1964},
author = {THOMAS, J and ABOULKER, P},
title = {[MASSIVE PHYSIOLOGIC SERUM PERFUSION. EFFECT ON URETERAL CALCULI. MODIFICATION OF THE PHOSPHORUS AND CALCIUM DIURESIS].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie et de nephrologie},
volume = {70},
number = {},
pages = {821-825},
pmid = {14206003},
issn = {0021-8200},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Diuresis ; Humans ; *Infusions, Parenteral ; *Isotonic Solutions ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; *Phosphorus, Dietary ; *Ureteral Calculi ; *Ureterolithiasis ; *Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid14213529,
year = {1964},
author = {MARTIN, DC and TURNER, RD},
title = {OCCULT PARATHYROID ADENOMA AND RENAL CALCULI: CASE REPORT.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {92},
number = {},
pages = {182-184},
doi = {10.1016/S0022-5347(17)63918-1},
pmid = {14213529},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {*Adenoma ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Parathyroid Neoplasms ; *Pathology ; *Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid14203258,
year = {1964},
author = {HEATON, FW and HODGKINSON, A and ROSE, GA},
title = {OBSERVATIONS ON THE RELATION BETWEEN CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM METABOLISM IN MAN.},
journal = {Clinical science},
volume = {27},
number = {},
pages = {31-40},
pmid = {14203258},
issn = {0009-9287},
mesh = {*Aluminum ; Biological Transport ; *Bone Diseases ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Celiac Disease ; *Feces ; Humans ; *Hydroxides ; *Hypoparathyroidism ; *Intestinal Absorption ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Magnesium ; Male ; *Metabolism ; *Osteomalacia ; *Osteoporosis ; *Phosphates ; *Urine ; *Vitamin D ; },
}
@article {pmid14184235,
year = {1964},
author = {BARTLETT, NL and COCHRAN, DQ},
title = {REPARATIVE PROCESS IN PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.},
journal = {Radiologic clinics of North America},
volume = {2},
number = {},
pages = {261-279},
pmid = {14184235},
issn = {0033-8389},
mesh = {Alkaline Phosphatase/*blood ; *Bone Cysts ; *Bone Resorption ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Fractures, Bone ; *Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; *Hypertension ; *Hypertension, Renal ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Nephrocalcinosis ; *Parathyroid Hormone ; *Phosphorus ; *Radiography ; *Surgical Procedures, Operative ; },
}
@article {pmid14146176,
year = {1964},
author = {VAN ZOEREN, },
title = {[STUDIES ON CALCIUM AND PHOSPHATE METABOLISM IN BESNIER-BOECK DISEASE AND IN UROLITHIASIS].},
journal = {Nederlands militair geneeskundig tijdschrift},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {132-134},
pmid = {14146176},
issn = {0028-2103},
mesh = {*Blood Chemical Analysis ; *Calcium ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Calcium, Dietary ; Humans ; *Injections, Intravenous ; *Metabolism ; *Military Medicine ; Netherlands ; *Phosphates ; *Sarcoidosis ; *Urinary Calculi ; *Urine ; *Urolithiasis ; },
}
@article {pmid14197290,
year = {1964},
author = {UEHLINGER, E},
title = {[REGULATION OF CALCIUM METABOLISM AND PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM].},
journal = {Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (1950)},
volume = {106},
number = {},
pages = {685-692},
pmid = {14197290},
issn = {0027-2973},
mesh = {*Calcitonin ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Hemoglobins ; Humans ; *Hypercalcemia ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica ; *Osteoporosis ; *Parathyroid Hormone ; Phosphates/*blood ; },
}
@article {pmid14137501,
year = {1964},
author = {NICHOLAS, HO and CHAMBERLIN, JA},
title = {PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM.},
journal = {Clinical chemistry},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {228-234},
pmid = {14137501},
issn = {0009-9147},
mesh = {*Blood Chemical Analysis ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; *Creatine ; *Creatinine ; *Diet ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Kidney Function Tests ; *Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders ; *Serum Albumin ; *Serum Globulins ; *Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid14296490,
year = {1964},
author = {HOWARD, JE},
title = {THE JEREMIAH METZGER LECTURE. URINARY STONE.},
journal = {Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association},
volume = {76},
number = {},
pages = {148-149},
pmid = {14296490},
issn = {0065-7778},
mesh = {*Biochemical Phenomena ; *Biochemistry ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Cartilage ; Humans ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; *Rickets ; *Urinary Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid14187852,
year = {1964},
author = {NEMEC, M and SPANIHEL, J and FEIT, J},
title = {[ON THE LITHOGENIC EFFECT OF ESTROGENS].},
journal = {Scripta medica},
volume = {37},
number = {},
pages = {75-80},
pmid = {14187852},
issn = {1211-3395},
mesh = {*Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Estrogens ; *Injections ; *Injections, Intraperitoneal ; *Pharmacology ; Rats ; *Research ; *Toxicology ; *Urinary Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid14186355,
year = {1964},
author = {PRUNIER, P},
title = {[APROPOS OF A CASE OF CALCIC LITHIASIS RELATED TO A PARATHYROID ADENOMA WITHOUT HYPERCALCIURIA OR HYPERPHOSPHATURIA].},
journal = {Rein et foie, maladies de la nutrition; actualites},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {203-208},
pmid = {14186355},
issn = {0085-5464},
mesh = {*Calcium ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Humans ; *Hypercalciuria ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Hypophosphatemia, Familial ; *Kidney Function Tests ; *Lithiasis ; *Parathyroid Neoplasms ; *Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders ; *Urinary Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid11881648,
year = {1964},
author = {Neuman, WF},
title = {Calcium metabolism under conditions of weightlessness.},
journal = {Life sciences and space research},
volume = {2},
number = {},
pages = {299-304},
pmid = {11881648},
issn = {0075-9422},
mesh = {Aerospace Medicine ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Immobilization/adverse effects ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Space Flight ; Weightlessness/*adverse effects ; },
abstract = {This is a brief report on the possible effects of weightlessness on calcium metabolism. Interest in this topic is based on common, clinical experience: immobilization from any cause is accompanied by skeletal rarefaction and hypercalcuria.},
}
@article {pmid14097516,
year = {1963},
author = {FANCONI, A},
title = {[IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCIURIA IN CHILDHOOD].},
journal = {Helvetica paediatrica acta},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {306-322},
pmid = {14097516},
issn = {0018-022X},
mesh = {*Body Fluids ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Child ; Humans ; *Hydrochlorothiazide ; *Hypercalciuria ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Nephrocalcinosis ; *Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid14063168,
year = {1963},
author = {HOCKADAY, TD and SMITH, LH},
title = {RENAL CALCULI.},
journal = {Disease-a-month : DM},
volume = {127},
number = {},
pages = {1963:1-63},
doi = {10.1016/s0011-5029(63)80011-5},
pmid = {14063168},
issn = {0011-5029},
mesh = {*Ammonia ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; *Cystinuria ; *Diagnosis ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Oxalates ; *Statistics as Topic ; *Surgical Procedures, Operative ; *Therapeutics ; United States ; *Urine ; *Xanthines ; },
}
@article {pmid14094275,
year = {1963},
author = {THOMAS, J and DREUX, C and SAVEL, J and CLOSTRE, F and ABOULKER, P},
title = {[GLOBULAR MAGNESIUM IN RENAL LITHIASIS. I. WITHOUT HYPERPARATHYROIDISM. II. WITH HYPERPARATHYROIDISM].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie et de nephrologie},
volume = {69},
number = {},
pages = {584-594},
pmid = {14094275},
issn = {0021-8200},
mesh = {*Blood Chemical Analysis ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Lithiasis ; *Magnesium ; *Nephrolithiasis ; *Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid14094271,
year = {1963},
author = {HAMBURGER, J and CHIGOT, PL and MERY, JP and AMIEL, C and MASSON, M},
title = {[DIAGNOSIS OF PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM IN SUBJECTS WITH RENAL LITHIASIS OR NEPHROCALCINOSIS].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie et de nephrologie},
volume = {69},
number = {},
pages = {533-549},
pmid = {14094271},
issn = {0021-8200},
mesh = {*Body Fluids ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Diagnosis ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Lithiasis ; *Nephrocalcinosis ; *Nephrolithiasis ; *Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid14092734,
year = {1963},
author = {PAULLADA, JJ},
title = {[SYMPOSIUM ON RENAL LITHIASIS. II. SOME METABOLIC ASPECTS OF LITHIASIS].},
journal = {Gaceta medica de Mexico},
volume = {93},
number = {},
pages = {895-907},
pmid = {14092734},
issn = {0016-3813},
mesh = {*Biochemical Phenomena ; *Biochemistry ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Lithiasis ; *Metabolism ; *Oxalates ; *Uric Acid ; },
}
@article {pmid14092733,
year = {1963},
author = {VILLANUEVA, A},
title = {[SYMPOSIUM ON RENAL LITHIASIS. I. ETIOLOGIC FACTORS IN LITHIASIS].},
journal = {Gaceta medica de Mexico},
volume = {93},
number = {},
pages = {887-893},
pmid = {14092733},
issn = {0016-3813},
mesh = {Adolescent ; *Avitaminosis ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Child ; *Congenital Abnormalities ; *Fibrinogen ; *Focal Infection ; *Geriatrics ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Lithiasis ; Mexico ; *Nutrition Disorders ; *Statistics as Topic ; *Urinary Tract Infections ; *Water Supply ; },
}
@article {pmid14086383,
year = {1963},
author = {CHWALLA, R},
title = {[ON THE THERAPY OF HYPEROXALURIA AND SO-CALLED IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCIURIA].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie},
volume = {56},
number = {},
pages = {421-427},
pmid = {14086383},
issn = {0863-0267},
mesh = {*Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Diet ; *Diet Therapy ; Humans ; *Hypercalciuria ; *Hyperoxaluria ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Oxalates ; *Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid14051603,
year = {1963},
author = {YANG, SP and LIN, CC},
title = {PULMONARY ALVEOLAR MICROLITHIASIS; A REPORT OF TWO YOUNGEST CASES IN A FAMILY.},
journal = {Diseases of the chest},
volume = {44},
number = {},
pages = {163-167},
pmid = {14051603},
issn = {0096-0217},
mesh = {*Calcinosis ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Calculi ; Child ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; *Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; *Lung Diseases ; *Radiography, Thoracic ; },
}
@article {pmid13975689,
year = {1963},
author = {HUTH, EJ},
title = {Kidney stones: a medical approach to diagnosis with some brief comments on some treatments.},
journal = {The Medical clinics of North America},
volume = {47},
number = {},
pages = {959-984},
pmid = {13975689},
issn = {0025-7125},
mesh = {*Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Nephrolithiasis ; },
}
@article {pmid14023362,
year = {1963},
author = {COTTET, J},
title = {[International symposium on calcium lithiasis (Vittel, June 1962)].},
journal = {La Presse thermale et climatique},
volume = {100},
number = {},
pages = {70-73},
pmid = {14023362},
issn = {0032-7875},
mesh = {*Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Calcium, Dietary ; Humans ; *Lithiasis ; *Urinary Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid13963792,
year = {1963},
author = {HODGKINSON, A},
title = {The relation between citric acid and calcium metabolism with particular reference to primary hyper-parathyroidism and idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Clinical science},
volume = {24},
number = {},
pages = {167-178},
pmid = {13963792},
issn = {0009-9287},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms ; *Calcium ; *Citrates ; *Citric Acid ; Humans ; *Hypercalciuria ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Hyperparathyroidism, Primary ; *Hypoparathyroidism ; *Osteitis ; *Urinary Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid14059494,
year = {1963},
author = {FELLER, N and KIMCHI, D and ARONHEIM, M},
title = {[HYPERPARATHYROIDISM].},
journal = {Dapim refuiim. Folia medica},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {89-92},
pmid = {14059494},
issn = {0366-9637},
mesh = {*Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Humans ; *Hypercalcemia ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Parathyroid Neoplasms ; *Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders ; },
}
@article {pmid14014501,
year = {1963},
author = {BOURNE, RB},
title = {A screening test for the stone patient.},
journal = {Medical times},
volume = {91},
number = {},
pages = {271-273},
pmid = {14014501},
issn = {0025-7583},
mesh = {*Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Humans ; *Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders ; *Urinary Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid13930487,
year = {1963},
author = {LICHTWITZ, A and de SEZE, and HIOCO, D and MIRAVET, L and LANHAM, C and PARLIER, R},
title = {[Calcic diabetes. I. Double syndrome of intestinal hyperabsorption of Ca and insufficiency of its tubular reabsorption].},
journal = {La Presse medicale},
volume = {71},
number = {},
pages = {107-110},
pmid = {13930487},
issn = {0032-7867},
mesh = {*Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; *Kidney Diseases ; *Urinary Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid14111174,
year = {1963},
author = {THOMAS, J and THOMAS, E},
title = {[TREATMENT OF URIC LITHIASIS].},
journal = {Rein et foie, maladies de la nutrition; actualites},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {153-171},
pmid = {14111174},
issn = {0085-5464},
mesh = {*Bicarbonates ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Citrates ; *Diet ; *Diet Therapy ; *Diuresis ; *Gout ; Humans ; *Hypertension ; *Lithiasis ; *Lithium ; *Mineral Waters ; *Piperazines ; *Surgical Procedures, Operative ; *Uric Acid ; *Urinary Calculi ; *Urinary Tract Infections ; },
}
@article {pmid13981076,
year = {1962},
author = {THOMAS, J and ROUJEAU, J and ABOULKER, P},
title = {[Bone lesions in renal lithiasis. Their study by means of histological examination of a rib fragment].},
journal = {La Presse medicale},
volume = {70},
number = {},
pages = {2437-2440},
pmid = {13981076},
issn = {0032-7867},
mesh = {*Bone Diseases ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Lithiasis ; *Nephrolithiasis ; *Osteomalacia ; *Osteoporosis ; *Ribs ; },
}
@article {pmid13866651,
year = {1962},
author = {BEKEMEIER, H and LEISER, H},
title = {[Further studies on the effect of estrogens on the localization of calcium deposits in the kidney].},
journal = {Arztliche Forschung},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {I/319-22},
pmid = {13866651},
issn = {0001-9496},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium, Dietary ; Estrogens/*pharmacology ; Humans ; *Kidney ; Parathyroid Glands/*pharmacology ; *Urinary Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid14473884,
year = {1962},
author = {MILHAUD, G and AUBERT, JP},
title = {Study of calcium metabolism in man with the aid of Ca-45. Hypercalciuria and oxalic renal lithiasis.},
journal = {Rein et foie, maladies de la nutrition; actualites},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {I/23-36},
pmid = {14473884},
issn = {0085-5464},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Hypercalciuria ; *Lithiasis ; Male ; *Nephrolithiasis ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid13868804,
year = {1962},
author = {BHANDARKAR, SD and NORDIN, BE},
title = {The 4-hour calcium-retention test.},
journal = {Scottish medical journal},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {82-84},
doi = {10.1177/003693306200700204},
pmid = {13868804},
issn = {0036-9330},
mesh = {Acidosis/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases/*metabolism ; Osteomalacia/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid13866649,
year = {1962},
author = {BEKEMEIER, H and LEISER, H and SCHOTTEK, W},
title = {[On the effect of testosterone on the localization of calcium deposits in the kidney induced by the calcinosis factor].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur die gesamte experimentelle Medizin},
volume = {135},
number = {},
pages = {541-544},
pmid = {13866649},
mesh = {*Calcinosis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Kidney ; Testosterone/*pharmacology ; *Urinary Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid13888194,
year = {1961},
author = {DUDCHENKO, MA},
title = {[On the effect of mineral water from the Naftusia spring in Truskawiec spa on the blood and urine calcium content in patients with urolithiasis].},
journal = {Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1923)},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {22-24},
pmid = {13888194},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium, Dietary ; Humans ; Mineral Waters/*therapy ; *Urinalysis ; Urinary Calculi/*therapy ; *Urolithiasis ; },
}
@article {pmid13733663,
year = {1961},
author = {Payne, IR and Empey, EL and McCay, CM},
title = {Renal clearance of calcium and phosphorus in experimental urolithiasis.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {345-350},
doi = {10.1093/ajcn/9.3.345},
pmid = {13733663},
issn = {0002-9165},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium, Dietary ; Humans ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; *Phosphorus, Dietary ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; *Urolithiasis ; },
}
@article {pmid13738593,
year = {1961},
author = {PYRAH, LN},
title = {Some aspects of renal calculus.},
journal = {Journal of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {93-112},
pmid = {13738593},
issn = {0035-8835},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Disease ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; *Parathyroid Diseases ; *Parathyroid Glands ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*pathology ; },
}
@article {pmid13812301,
year = {1960},
author = {COTTET, J},
title = {[Calciuria, phosphaturia and prognosis of urinary lithiasis].},
journal = {Bulletin de l'Academie nationale de medecine},
volume = {144},
number = {},
pages = {128-132},
pmid = {13812301},
issn = {0001-4079},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Humans ; *Hypophosphatemia, Familial ; Phosphates/*urine ; Prognosis ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; *Urolithiasis ; },
}
@article {pmid13812302,
year = {1959},
author = {COTTET, J},
title = {[Disorders of calcium metabolism in urinary lithiasis].},
journal = {Le Progres medical},
volume = {87},
number = {},
pages = {283-287},
pmid = {13812302},
issn = {0033-0450},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; *Urolithiasis ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid14421774,
year = {1959},
author = {MARTINELLI, V and FIORENTINI, L},
title = {[Blood levels and urinary elimination of calcium and phosphorous in primary renoureteral lithiasis].},
journal = {Annali italiani di chirurgia},
volume = {36},
number = {},
pages = {596-605},
pmid = {14421774},
issn = {0003-469X},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Lithiasis ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid13536511,
year = {1958},
author = {MOUZAS, GL},
title = {Calcium and phosphate metabolic studies in patients with urinary calculi.},
journal = {British medical journal},
volume = {1},
number = {5084},
pages = {1385-1388},
pmid = {13536511},
issn = {0007-1447},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Calculi ; Humans ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; *Urinary Calculi ; *Urinary Tract ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid13565270,
year = {1958},
author = {PARADE, GW},
title = {[Calcium metabolism and the kidneys].},
journal = {Medizinische Klinik},
volume = {53},
number = {23},
pages = {997-1001},
pmid = {13565270},
issn = {0025-8458},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calculi ; Humans ; *Kidney ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid13599178,
year = {1958},
author = {FEY, B and LEGRAIN, M},
title = {[Development of calciuria during renal lithiasis complicated by renal insufficiency].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie medicale et chirurgicale},
volume = {64},
number = {6},
pages = {375-379},
pmid = {13599178},
issn = {0368-4679},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Calculi ; Humans ; *Kidney ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Lithiasis ; *Nephrolithiasis ; *Renal Insufficiency ; },
}
@article {pmid13513398,
year = {1958},
author = {BOYCE, WH and GARVEY, FK and GOVEN, CE},
title = {Abnormalities of calcium metabolism in patients with idiopathic urinary calculi; effect of oral administration of sodium phytate.},
journal = {Journal of the American Medical Association},
volume = {166},
number = {13},
pages = {1577-1583},
doi = {10.1001/jama.1958.02990130037008},
pmid = {13513398},
issn = {0002-9955},
mesh = {*Administration, Oral ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calculi ; Humans ; Inositol/analogs &amp; derivatives ; *Phytic Acid ; *Urinary Calculi ; *Urinary Tract ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid13570245,
year = {1958},
author = {UNGER, V},
title = {[Nephrocalcinosis and stone formation in their relations to disorders of calcium metabolism].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {69-89},
pmid = {13570245},
issn = {0863-0267},
mesh = {*Calcinosis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calculi ; Humans ; *Kidney ; *Kidney Calculi ; Kidney Diseases/*etiology ; *Medical Records ; *Nephrocalcinosis ; },
}
@article {pmid13635517,
year = {1958},
author = {SHIRLEY, SW and WASSERMAN, K and BURNS, E and PADRNOS, RE},
title = {A study of the renal excretion of calcium and phosphorus in patients with renal calculi.},
journal = {Surgical forum},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {820-822},
pmid = {13635517},
issn = {0071-8041},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Calculi ; Humans ; *Kidney ; *Kidney Calculi ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; *Phosphorus, Dietary ; *Renal Elimination ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid13482056,
year = {1957},
author = {COTTET, J and LEDERMAN, S and VITTU, C},
title = {[Urinary urea, calciuria; uricosuria &amp; phosphaturia in calculous urinary lithiasis].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie medicale et chirurgicale},
volume = {63},
number = {9},
pages = {598-622},
pmid = {13482056},
issn = {0368-4679},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; *Calcium, Dietary ; *Calculi ; Humans ; *Hypophosphatemia, Familial ; Phosphates/*urine ; Urea/*urine ; Uric Acid/*urine ; *Urinary Calculi ; *Urinary Tract ; *Urolithiasis ; },
}
@article {pmid13309900,
year = {1956},
author = {},
title = {PRODUCTION of calcium citrate calculi in rats.},
journal = {Nutrition reviews},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {156-157},
doi = {10.1111/j.1753-4887.1956.tb01544.x},
pmid = {13309900},
issn = {0029-6643},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Citrate ; *Calculi ; Humans ; Rats ; *Urinary Tract ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid13372279,
year = {1956},
author = {LUND, T and RESKE-NIELSEN, E},
title = {Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis with calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys and other organs; report of two cases.},
journal = {Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Supplement},
volume = {39},
number = {Suppl 111},
pages = {102-104},
doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0463.1956.tb06754.x},
pmid = {13372279},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Oxalate ; *Calculi ; Humans ; *Kidney ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Nephrocalcinosis ; *Nephrolithiasis ; },
}
@article {pmid13334329,
year = {1955},
author = {GIRAUD, G and LEVY, A and BARJON, P},
title = {[Endocrine regulation of renal excretion of calcium].},
journal = {Montpellier medical},
volume = {48},
number = {3},
pages = {419-434},
pmid = {13334329},
mesh = {*Biochemical Phenomena ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium, Dietary ; Calculi/*urine ; Hormones/*pharmacology ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; *Renal Elimination ; *Urinary Calculi ; *Urinary Tract ; *Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid13272596,
year = {1955},
author = {SAGER, RH and SPARGO, B},
title = {The effects of a low phosphorus ration on calcium metabolism in the rat with the production of calcium citrate urinary calculi.},
journal = {Metabolism: clinical and experimental},
volume = {4},
number = {6},
pages = {519-530},
pmid = {13272596},
issn = {0026-0495},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Citrate ; *Calculi ; Phosphorus/*pharmacology ; Rats ; *Urinary Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid13048718,
year = {1952},
author = {FALLET, GH},
title = {[Urinary lithiasis caused by immobilization].},
journal = {La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris},
volume = {28},
number = {95},
pages = {3912-3920},
pmid = {13048718},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calculi ; Humans ; *Kidney ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Rest ; *Urinary Calculi ; *Urinary Tract ; },
}
@article {pmid13044246,
year = {1952},
author = {FRANCO, VB},
title = {Hyperparathyroidism and calculosis.},
journal = {Imprensa medica},
volume = {28},
number = {463},
pages = {31-33},
pmid = {13044246},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calculi ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; *Kidney ; *Kidney Calculi ; *Lithiasis ; *Parathyroid Diseases ; },
}
@article {pmid1484889,
year = {1992},
author = {Grases, F and Masárová, L and Costa-Bauzá, A and March, JG and Prieto, R and Tur, JA},
title = {Effect of "Rosa Canina" infusion and magnesium on the urinary risk factors of calcium oxalate urolithiasis.},
journal = {Planta medica},
volume = {58},
number = {6},
pages = {509-512},
doi = {10.1055/s-2006-961537},
pmid = {1484889},
issn = {0032-0943},
mesh = {Animals ; *Calcium Oxalate ; Female ; Magnesium/therapeutic use ; *Magnoliopsida ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {The effects on the calcium oxalate urolithiasis urinary risk factors of "Rosa Canina", in herb infusion form, and magnesium chloride have been studied using female Wistar rats under balanced dietary conditions. No significant effects on the volume of liquids drunk or on creatinine, phosphate, and oxalate urinary concentrations and excretions were observed. The herb infusion did not cause any diuretic effect. Calciuria decreased and citraturia increased when taking the herb infusion, and vice versa when taking magnesium chloride. Magnesium chloride decreased the urinary pH value, but this effect was not observed when magnesium chloride was administered with herb infusion. In conclusion, the same beneficial effects of the studied infusion herb on calcium oxalate urolithiasis urinary risk factors can be clearly detected. An interesting fact is that it seems that some possible effects depend on dietary components, thus, i.e., an increase in the urinary pH was only detected when the intake of the herb infusion was studied in a magnesium chloride-supplemented diet.},
}
@article {pmid1453109,
year = {1992},
author = {Shiffman, ML and Sugerman, HJ and Kellum, JM and Moore, EW},
title = {Calcium in human gallbladder bile.},
journal = {The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine},
volume = {120},
number = {6},
pages = {875-884},
pmid = {1453109},
issn = {0022-2143},
support = {DK 32130/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK43264/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bile/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/etiology/metabolism ; Female ; Gallbladder/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Biliary calcium is believed to be of great importance in gallstone pathogenesis. These studies were therefore performed to determine if quantitative and/or qualitative differences in calcium are present in gallbladder bile from patients with and without gallstones. Bile was obtained by direct gallbladder aspiration from 68 obese patients undergoing elective gastric bypass surgery. Forty-five patients had no evidence of gallstones or sludge, 18 had cholesterol gallstones, and five had black pigment stones. Gallbladder bile was also obtained from 27 nonobese patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy (19 cholesterol; eight black pigment gallstones). For all patients, total calcium ranged from 1.50 to 16.44 mmol/L (mean: 6.05 +/- 0.31 mmol/L); free Ca++ ion ranged from 0.53 to 2.83 mmol/L (mean: 1.28 +/- 0.05 mmol/L). Considerable overlap was observed between obese and nonobese subjects and between patients with and without gallstones. For all patient groups, calcium, Ca++, and bound calcium increased linearly with increasing concentrations of bile salt. No significant differences in the slopes of these relationships were observed with obesity or gallstones. In contrast, free Ca++ ion was greater in gallbladder bile from gallstone patient groups throughout the entire range of bile salt. We hypothesize that this observed increase in Ca++ resulted from increased Gibbs-Donnan forces and excess gallbladder mucin present within the gallbladder bile of patients with gallstones.},
}
@article {pmid1446888,
year = {1992},
author = {Kestell, MF and Sekijima, J and Lee, SP and Park, HZ and Long, M and Kaler, EW},
title = {A calcium-binding protein in bile and gallstones.},
journal = {Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {1315-1321},
doi = {10.1002/hep.1840160602},
pmid = {1446888},
issn = {0270-9139},
mesh = {Amino Acids/analysis ; Autoradiography ; Bile/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/pharmacology ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/isolation &amp; purification/*metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Molecular Weight ; },
abstract = {Calcium salts are often present in the center of all types of gallstones. Matrix proteins are known to be essential for biomineralization and may therefore also be important in the formation and growth of gallstones. Other researchers have described an anionic peptide fraction of a biliary lipoprotein complex in bile and a low-molecular weight acidic glycoprotein present in gallstones. Our goal was to determine whether such a protein was present in bile and whether this protein has any calcium-binding properties. We identified a pigment-associated, highly acidic protein that precipitates from bile on addition of CaCl2 0.5 mol/L. In addition, the protein is selectively concentrated in cholesterol and pigment stones. We have, therefore, confirmed the findings of these other researchers, and we have extended the study of this protein's interactions with calcium. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrates a single band (molecular weight < or = 14 kD) that reacts positively with cationic stains. The protein was shown to inhibit the precipitation of CaCO3 from a supersaturated solution. The capacity to bind calcium was further confirmed by autoradiography with 45Ca++ and by a membrane adsorption-binding assay. Calcium-induced aggregation was demonstrated by equilibrium dialysis and by quasielastic light scattering studies. Protein measured by Lowry's assay method and amino acid analysis constitutes only 2% to 4% of the harvested material. We speculate that a substantial lipid component may also be present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid1475467,
year = {1992},
author = {Castrillo, JM},
title = {[Influence of parathyroidectomy on the clinical course of primary hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Revista clinica espanola},
volume = {191},
number = {7},
pages = {385-392},
pmid = {1475467},
issn = {0014-2565},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Chondrocalcinosis/etiology/therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology/therapy ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/metabolism/*surgery ; Hypertension/etiology/therapy ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/therapy ; Male ; Neuromuscular Diseases/etiology/therapy ; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica/etiology/therapy ; *Parathyroidectomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Uric Acid/blood ; },
}
@article {pmid1363064,
year = {1992},
author = {Blaurock, P and Schwille, PO and Manoharan, M and Scheele, J and Fries, W and Rümenapf, G},
title = {Effects of jejunoileal bypass on oxalate and mineral metabolism in rats.},
journal = {The European journal of surgery = Acta chirurgica},
volume = {158},
number = {11-12},
pages = {595-602},
pmid = {1363064},
issn = {1102-4151},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption ; *Jejunoileal Bypass/adverse effects ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Minerals/*metabolism ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To reassess the effects of jejunoileal bypass on the gastrointestinal absorption and bone metabolism of certain minerals in rats, and to see if jejunoileal bypass in rats was a suitable model in which to study formation of calcium oxalate renal stones.<br><br>DESIGN: Controlled study.<br><br>SETTING: Division of Experimental Surgery, University of Erlangen, Germany.<br><br>MATERIAL: 43 male Sprague-Dawley rats.<br><br>INTERVENTION: 23 rate underwent jejunoileal bypass, and 20 laparotomy, with transsection and anastomosis of the jejunum and ileotomy and suture (sham operation).<br><br>RESULTS: Rats that had undergone jejunoileal bypass ate less and gained less weight than those that had had sham operations. Absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine was impaired, but that of magnesium was unchanged. Absorption of oxalate from the small intestine was unchanged, but that from the colon was increased. There were no signs of hyperoxaluria or urolithiasis. Serum mineral homeostasis was not affected by jejunoileal bypass nor were bone volume, density, or mineral concentrations. Serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol remained low, suggesting that jejunoileal bypass might have induced some calcium flux towards the vascular space.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Jejunoileal bypass halts weight increase in rats; the model may be helpful in elucidating associations between enteric factors and calciotropic hormones, and several metabolic features that are altered by jejunoileal bypass in man are not altered in rats.},
}
@article {pmid1452953,
year = {1992},
author = {Wabner, CL and Pak, CY},
title = {Modification by food of the calcium absorbability and physicochemical effects of calcium citrate.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Nutrition},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {548-552},
doi = {10.1080/07315724.1992.10718260},
pmid = {1452953},
issn = {0731-5724},
support = {MO1-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-DK20543/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01-AR16061/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Citrates/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism ; Citric Acid ; Female ; *Food ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {The food-calcium (Ca) interaction was examined in 12 healthy women (mean age 38 years) maintained on a constant metabolic diet. They underwent three phases of study, comprised of control (no Ca), Ca citrate (1 g Ca/day) during meals, and Ca citrate separately from meals. Each phase was 7 days in length and two 24-hour urine samples were collected on days 6 and 7. The rise from the control phase in urinary Ca was slightly more prominent when Ca citrate was given with meals than without (68 and 62%, respectively). The fall in urinary phosphorus was equivalent at about 25% between Ca citrate phases. The rise in urinary citrate and pH and the decline in urinary ammonium were more prominent when Ca citrate was given with meals; however, the changes were small or nonsignificant. The urinary saturation of Ca oxalate, brushite or monosodium urate did not differ between the two Ca citrate phases. There was a nonsignificant rise in serum iron during Ca citrate phases. The results suggest that: 1) dissolution and absorption of Ca citrate might be slightly greater when given with food than without; 2) that the ability of Ca citrate to attenuate crystallization of stone-forming Ca salts in urine is not modified by food; and 3) that Ca citrate may not impair iron absorption from food.},
}
@article {pmid1450860,
year = {1992},
author = {Biyani, CS and Bhatia, V},
title = {Renal milk of calcium--a new contraindication to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy?.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {70},
number = {4},
pages = {447-448},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410x.1992.tb15809.x},
pmid = {1450860},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chemical Precipitation ; Contraindications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*therapy ; *Lithotripsy ; },
}
@article {pmid1446869,
year = {1992},
author = {Rudnicki, M and Jørgensen, T and Thode, J},
title = {Increased activity of ionised calcium in gall bladder bile in gall stone disease.},
journal = {Gut},
volume = {33},
number = {10},
pages = {1404-1407},
pmid = {1446869},
issn = {0017-5749},
mesh = {Adult ; Bile/chemistry/*metabolism ; Calcium/chemistry/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cholelithiasis/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {The actual activity of ionised calcium (Ca2+) in gall bladder bile determined with an ion-selective electrode was significantly higher in patients with gall stone disease (n = 15) than in patients without gall stones (n = 10) (0.43 mmol/kg v 0.31 mmol/kg; p < 0.05). No change in the Ca2+ activity in any of the gall bladder bile samples was observed during equilibration with CO2. During titration with HCl/NaOH, however, the Ca2+ activity fell with increasing pH in a biphasic manner, with the breaking point occurring at a significantly lower median pH in patients with gall stones than in patients without (pH 7.1 v 8.2; p < 0.0001). The combination of a higher activity of calcium in bile and precipitation of bile salts taking place at a lower pH in patients with gall stone disease than in patients without gall stones suggests a major role for calcium and pH in the pathogenesis of gall stones. Strict anaerobic sampling is not necessary for the measurements of Ca2+ in gall bladder bile, because the Ca2+ was not significantly affected by the changes in pCO2. The metabolic studies suggest, however, that simultaneous measurements of the activity of Ca2+ and pH is important in order to interpret data for the calcium activity in gall bladder bile.},
}
@article {pmid1439387,
year = {1992},
author = {Radermacher, L and Godon, JP},
title = {[Preventive medical treatment of kidney stones].},
journal = {Revue medicale de Liege},
volume = {47},
number = {10},
pages = {510-522},
pmid = {1439387},
issn = {0370-629X},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Citrates/urine ; Cystine/metabolism ; Diet ; Drinking ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Purines/metabolism ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid1395997,
year = {1992},
author = {Magnuson, TH and Lillemoe, KD and Zarkin, BA and Pitt, HA},
title = {Patients with uncomplicated cholelithiasis acidify bile normally.},
journal = {Digestive diseases and sciences},
volume = {37},
number = {10},
pages = {1517-1522},
pmid = {1395997},
issn = {0163-2116},
support = {R29-DK41889/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Bile/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/complications/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Regression Analysis ; },
abstract = {Reports have suggested that patients with gallstones have gallbladder bile that is less acidic and more saturated with calcium carbonate than patients without gallstones. This failure to acidify bile may play a role in the formation of gallstones. We, therefore, compared gallbladder bile pH, ionized calcium, and calcium carbonate saturation index from patients undergoing either incidental gallbladder removal (controls, n = 23) or elective cholecystectomy for gallstones (n = 55). Gallstones were classified as either cholesterol (n = 39) or black pigment (n = 16) stones. No difference in gallbladder bile pH was noted among the controls, cholesterol stone, and pigment stone patients. In addition, no difference in ionized calcium concentration or CCSI was noted among the three groups. The pH in additional patients (n = 49) with acute cholecystitis, common bile duct obstruction, biliary tract infection, and cystic duct obstruction was significantly more acidic. We conclude that neither a defect in bile acidification nor increased saturation of calcium carbonate explains why human cholesterol or pigment gallstones form.},
}
@article {pmid1414737,
year = {1992},
author = {Yoneda, K},
title = {[Oral purine loading test for latent metabolic disorders of uric acid in patients with calcium containing upper urinary calculi].},
journal = {Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica},
volume = {38},
number = {8},
pages = {877-884},
pmid = {1414737},
issn = {0018-1994},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Purines/administration &amp; dosage ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid/*metabolism/urine ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {For the detection of metabolic disorders of uric acid in upper urolithiasis, an oral purine loading test was performed in 78 patients with calcium-containing calculi, 5 patients with uric acid calculi, and 34 stone free subjects. From the results of the normal subject group, the criteria of hyperuricemia, latent hyperuricemia, hyperuricosuria and latent hyperuricosuria were proposed. In calcium-containing stone formers, 6 male patients showed hyperuricosuria, 18 male patients and 4 female patients showed latent hyperuricemia or latent hyperuricosuria. In uric acid urinary stone formers, all cases showed latent hyperuricemia or latent hyperuricosuria. These findings indicated that the metabolic disorders of uric acid might be one of the risk factors for the formation of calcium containing urinary stones, as well as uric acid urinary stones.},
}
@article {pmid1405314,
year = {1992},
author = {Lee, YH and Huang, WC and Chang, LS and Chen, MT and Huang, JK},
title = {Uninephrectomy enhances urolithiasis in ethylene glycol treated rats.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {292-299},
doi = {10.1038/ki.1992.289},
pmid = {1405314},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Ethylene Glycol ; Ethylene Glycols ; Kidney/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Nephrectomy/*adverse effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; },
abstract = {Uninephrectomy (uNX) usually induces compensatory hyperfunction of the remaining kidney in an attempt to preserve the homeostasis of body fluid composition. The present study used uninephrectomized Sprague-Dawley rats on a lithogenic diet (0.5% ethylene glycol, EG) to evaluate the influence on urinary stone formation and calcium oxalate crystal deposition of compensatory excretion of lithogenic substances in the remnant kidney. The results showed that there were no urinary stones or calcium oxalate crystal deposits in the intact or uNX rats fed a normal diet. In the EG feeding groups, the incidence of massive (grade 3) crystal deposits was significantly higher in the uNX rats (87.5%) than that in the intact rats (37.5%; P less than 0.05). The incidence of urinary stone formation was also higher in the uNX rats as compared to that of the intact rats, although the difference did not achieve statistical significance. The serum magnesium, phosphorus and creatinine increased significantly, whereas creatinine clearance (CCr), 24-hour urinary excretions of citrate, sodium, potassium and chloride decreased significantly in the uNX rats fed EG. These data indicate that uninephrectomy increases the vulnerability of the contralateral remnant kidney to urolithiasis and crystal deposition when the lithogenic risk factors are present. Furthermore, once the remnant kidney forms urolithiasis or massive calcium oxalate crystal deposits, the renal function is severely compromised.},
}
@article {pmid1629261,
year = {1992},
author = {Barzel, US},
title = {Primary hyperparathyroidism: problems in management.},
journal = {Hospital practice (Office ed.)},
volume = {27},
number = {7},
pages = {165-70, 173, 176},
doi = {10.1080/21548331.1992.11705459},
pmid = {1629261},
issn = {8750-2836},
mesh = {Adenoma/complications/diagnosis/surgery ; Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*diagnosis/etiology/surgery ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/complications/diagnosis/surgery ; Parathyroid Glands/pathology ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications/diagnosis/surgery ; Parathyroidectomy ; Reoperation ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Most hyperparathyroidism is subclinical, with no complaints of bone pain, constipation, mental confusion, or depression, no skeletal findings on x-ray, and no history of kidney stones. Routine hyperparathyroidectomy for asymptomatic hypercalcemia, with normal bone density and normal calciuria, particularly with moderate elevations of serum calcium, is now generally rejected.},
}
@article {pmid1529152,
year = {1992},
author = {Carey, MC},
title = {Pathogenesis of gallstones.},
journal = {Recenti progressi in medicina},
volume = {83},
number = {7-8},
pages = {379-391},
pmid = {1529152},
issn = {0034-1193},
support = {DK 34854/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK 36588/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/chemistry/*etiology/physiopathology ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Gallbladder/physiopathology ; Humans ; Liver/metabolism ; Phospholipids/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Gallstones are composed principally of cholesterol monohydrate crystals (cholesterol stones) or the acid salt of calcium bilirubinate (pigment stones). Cholesterol stones and the black variety of pigment gallstones form in sterile gallbladder bile whereas brown pigment gallstones form in infected bile. Biliary supersaturation is the principal pathophysiological defect and is hepatic in origin. Supersaturation results from excessive secretion of cholesterol or bilirubin conjugates, the precursors of unconjugated bilirubin, and/or, deficient secretion of bile salt and lecithin, the solubilizers of these otherwise insoluble lipids. As has now being clarified for cholesterol stones, an imbalance in pro- and antinucleating biliary proteins, hypersecretion of gallbladder mucin and gallbladder dysmotility possibly from cholesterol "toxicity" to sarcolemma, all interact to promote nucleation. Crystallisation results in suspension of cholesterol crystals or bilirubinate salts in gallbladder mucin gel and is known as "biliary sludge". It is believed today that this stage is essential for evolution of both cholesterol and pigment stones. Brown pigment gallstones form principally in the bile ducts. These stones result from infection of the biliary tree, most commonly due to obstruction from migrating gallbladder stones. Chemical compositions of brown and black pigment stones are different: In black stones, calcium bilirubinate is polymerized and oxidatively degraded but in brown stones, calcium bilirubinate is present as the unpolymerised salt. Brown stones differ also from black stones in containing calcium fatty acid soaps, a result of bacterial phospholipase A1 hydrolysis of biliary lecithin. Both types of pigment gallstones may contain crystalline inorganic calcium salts especially carbonate (gallbladder stones) and phosphate (bile ducts stones). Since a molecular understanding of the multiple defects that lead to cholesterol and pigment gallstones is becoming a reality, the future holds much promise for gallstone prevention.},
}
@article {pmid1413570,
year = {1992},
author = {Kocián, J},
title = {[Hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Vnitrni lekarstvi},
volume = {38},
number = {7},
pages = {672-677},
pmid = {1413570},
issn = {0042-773X},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/diagnosis/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoporosis/complications ; Urinary Calculi/complications ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria is the cause of almost 20% of all secondary osteoporoses and in 23% these cases are associated with calcium urolithiasis. It is therefore necessary to search for these patients actively because their treatment with hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride is easy and highly effective. We must not be satisfied with the finding of hypercalciuria as the only cause of demineralization of bone, as several causes may combine in a single patient. Comprehensive treatment of osteopenia associated with hypercalciuria is relatively shorter and more successful than in other forms of secondary osteopenias.},
}
@article {pmid1383555,
year = {1992},
author = {Allen, SP and Stone, D and McCormack, JG},
title = {The loading of fura-2 into mitochondria in the intact perfused rat heart and its use to estimate matrix Ca2+ under various conditions.},
journal = {Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology},
volume = {24},
number = {7},
pages = {765-773},
doi = {10.1016/0022-2828(92)93390-6},
pmid = {1383555},
issn = {0022-2828},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Epinephrine/pharmacology ; *Fura-2 ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects/*metabolism ; Myocardial Contraction/physiology ; Perfusion ; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Ruthenium Red/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {When rat hearts were perfused with a medium containing 10 microM fura-2/AM for 1 hr at 37 degrees C a significant amount of the derived fura-2 could be detected in subsequently isolated mitochondria. This procedure allowed the measurement of matrix free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m) of mitochondria rapidly isolated from whole hearts by a method which avoids artefactual redistribution of Ca2+. [Ca2+]m in mitochondria prepared from control hearts and incubated with respiratory substrates and EGTA was found to be 172 +/- 23 nM (mean +/- S.E.M.). When hearts were subjected to either increased mechanical work or treatment with 1 microM L-epinephrine (for 2 mins) [Ca2+]m increased to 916 +/- 138 nM and 727 +/- 65 nM respectively. The presence of ruthenium red (2.5 microM) in the perfusion medium prior to and during inotropic intervention diminished these increases in [Ca2+]m(to 316 +/- 28 nM and 218 +/- 18 nM respectively) but did not affect control values. Addition of Na+ ions to incubated mitochondria to enhance mitochondrial Ca2+ egress diminished these increases in [Ca2+]m due to pre-treatment with positive inotropes (compared to controls). These changes in [Ca2+]m were broadly parallelled by changes in the active non-phosphorylated form of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) under all circumstances. These results provide further evidence that the activation of PDH by positive inotropes is accomplished by, and at least in part due to, raised mitochondrial matrix free [Ca2+] and that such increases can be maintained in isolated and suitably incubated mitochondria.},
}
@article {pmid1596833,
year = {1992},
author = {Fromberg, M},
title = {Diet and calcium stones.},
journal = {CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne},
volume = {146},
number = {11},
pages = {1894},
pmid = {1596833},
issn = {0820-3946},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Diet ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid1736497,
year = {1992},
author = {Alvarez-Arroyo, MV and Traba, ML and Rapado, A and de la Piedra, C and Torralbo, M},
title = {Correlation between 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D serum levels and fractional rate of intestinal calcium absorption in hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis. Role of phosphate.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {96-97},
pmid = {1736497},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Calcitriol/*blood ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption/physiology ; Kidney Calculi/blood/*chemistry/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Different mechanisms could explain the elevated calcium elimination, the main cause of calcium oxalate renal stones. Our results suggest that phosphate levels are decreased in patients with absorptive hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis and elevated serum dihydroxyvitamin D. This could be the reason why in this group of patients oral phosphate treatment prevented hypercalciuria and renal lithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid1736480,
year = {1992},
author = {Füredi-Milhofer, H and Kiss, K and Kahana, F and Sarig, S},
title = {Determination of the calcium binding capacity to discriminate between urines of calcium stone formers and healthy persons.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {101-102},
pmid = {1736480},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Chemical Precipitation ; Crystallization ; Electrodes ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/diagnosis/*urine ; Urine/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Calcium binding by undiluted fasting urine has been tested as a means of demonstrating the capacity of urine from control subjects and calcium stone patients to hold spontaneous precipitation of stone forming compounds. Preliminary data are promising with respect to the possibility that controls and patients can be separated.},
}
@article {pmid1729537,
year = {1992},
author = {Khan, SR and Shevock, PN and Hackett, RL},
title = {Acute hyperoxaluria, renal injury and calcium oxalate urolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {147},
number = {1},
pages = {226-230},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37202-6},
pmid = {1729537},
issn = {0022-5347},
support = {1 RO1 DK41434/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; 5 PO1 DK20586/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Acute Disease ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Histocytochemistry ; Hyperoxaluria/*complications ; Kidney/metabolism/*pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Oxalates/metabolism/urine ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; },
abstract = {Single intraperitoneal injections of three, seven, or 10 mg. of sodium oxalate per 100 gm. of rat body weight were administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats. At various times after the injection, urine samples were analyzed for oxalate, and urinary enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. The kidneys were processed for light microscopy and renal calcium and oxalate determination. Oxalate administration resulted in an increase in urinary oxalate and formation of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys. The amount and duration of urinary excretion of excess oxalate and retention of crystals in the kidneys correlated with the dose of sodium oxalate administered. At a low oxalate dose of three mg./100 gm., crystals moved rapidly down the nephron and cleared the kidneys. At higher doses crystals were retained in kidneys and at a dose of 10 mg./100 gm. were still there seven days post-injection. Crystal retention was associated with enhanced excretion of urinary enzymes indicating renal tubular epithelial injury.},
}
@article {pmid1641364,
year = {1992},
author = {Nieszporek, T and Kokot, F and Skrzypek, J and Wieczorek, M and Kuska, J},
title = {[Hypercalciuria and primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with kidney calculi. II. Primary hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej},
volume = {87},
number = {1},
pages = {49-53},
pmid = {1641364},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications/physiopathology ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Phosphates/blood ; },
abstract = {Among 1819 patients with renal stone disease 44 cases with primary hyperparathyroidism (p.h.p.) were diagnosed. In all cases the diagnosis of php was confirmed by histomorphological examination. In 34 patients with php solitary adenoma was found, in 5 patients an adenoma with concomitant hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands, in 2 patients hyperplasia and in 3 patients carcinoma of the parathyroid glands. Hypercalcemia was found in 86% of patients, while elevated plasma levels of PTH in 90% of patients with php. Not in all patients PTH secretion was entirely autonomous. No significant correlation was found between plasma levels of PTH and kind of pathology of the parathyroid glands as well as clinical feature of php respectively.},
}
@article {pmid1631508,
year = {1992},
author = {Lindsjö, M and Danielson, BG and Fellström, B and Norheim, I and Wide, L and Ljunghall, S},
title = {Parathyroid function in relation to intestinal function and renal calcium reabsorption in patients with nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {55-64},
doi = {10.3109/00365599209180397},
pmid = {1631508},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/blood/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Parathyroid Glands/*metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Recently a technique to measure intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), i.e. the biologically active hormone, has been available. The aim of the present study was to apply this method to evaluate the parathyroid function in a material of recurrent renal stone formers (n = 324). Intact PTH was found to be inversely related to both urinary calcium (r = -0.15; p less than 0.01) and serum calcium (p less than 0.02) indicating that in the majority of the patients with hypercalciuria this was accounted for by intestinal hyperabsorption and not by high serum PTH. Hyperabsorption was also the likely explanation for the finding of a positive relationship between the urinary calcium and oxalate excretions (r = 0.22; p less than 0.001) in medication-free patients without intestinal disorders, i.e. without enteric hyperoxaluria. Altogether 25 patients (7%) had elevated serum PTH concentrations. They were followed up with fasting serum and urinary electrolytes and an oral calcium loading test (1 g of calcium) in order to evaluate the importance of renal and intestinal factors responsible for the elevated serum PTH concentrations. The investigation was carried out on a free diet and on low and high calcium intakes, respectively. The incidence of intestinal malfunction, which was sometimes present without clinical symptoms, was found to be approximately the same as that of impaired renal conservation of calcium. The findings in the patients with intestinal malfunction were a reduced intestinal absorption of calcium and an enhanced tubular reabsorption of calcium (TRCa), with greater reabsorption of calcium for higher PTH values. In patients with impaired renal conservation of calcium despite the raised PTH there was no correlation between PTH and TRCa. When PTH was suppressed during the oral calcium load the TRCa was found to be inappropriately low and the renal defect obvious. The intestinal calcium absorption was secondarily increased to compensate for the renal losses.},
}
@article {pmid1579844,
year = {1992},
author = {Daragon, A and Dhib, M and Morin, JP and Godin, M and Fillastre, JP},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria and bone density].},
journal = {Revue du rhumatisme et des maladies osteo-articulaires},
volume = {59},
number = {1},
pages = {35-38},
pmid = {1579844},
issn = {0035-2659},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Density/*physiology ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*physiopathology ; Female ; Femur Head/physiopathology ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spine/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {A decrease in bone density of the spine has been reported in individuals with hypercalciuria and the finding of the latter in osteoporosis patients is not uncommon. We studied 21 men and 8 women (mean age 47 +/- 13) with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHCU) defined by an urinary calcium of more than 7.5 mmol/24 h in men and 6.25 mmol/24 h in women. The duration of IHCU was 10 (+/-) 8 years. Among the 29 patients, 24 had one or more renal calculi. Twenty one had been treated, by low calcium diet only (and diuresis), combined with a thiazide diuretic, or sodium phytate, or phosphorus. Bone mineral content (BMC) was measured in the lumbar spine and the upper end of the femur using an ORIS ODC 200 densitometer and compared with 29 control subjects paired for age and sex. No difference was found between the two groups concerning BMC values in either the spine or the 3 femoral sites (neck, Ward, trochanter). BMC was not correlated with urinary calcium. Thus individuals with IHCU showed no decrease in their bone mass, among this group seen in a department of nephrology. The influence of the treatment of IHCU remains to be defined.},
}
@article {pmid1546578,
year = {1992},
author = {Ito, H and Kotake, T and Hayashi, H and Suzuki, F and Ueda, T and Miura, N and Nomura, K and Yuki, T and Minamide, M and Ikeda, R},
title = {[Evaluation of diet of calcium stone patients].},
journal = {Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {9-14},
pmid = {1546578},
issn = {0018-1994},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; *Diet ; Dietary Proteins/administration &amp; dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Requirements ; Sodium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {To clarify the relationship between renal stone formation and the diet, the consumption of various nutrients of calcium stone formers was investigated. The study included 24 male and 12 female stone formers, between 20 and 78 years old (mean 42 years). The daily consumption of nutrients was compared to the daily nutritive requirement for the Japanese. The amounts of total and animal protein ingested by all the patients were significantly larger than the daily nutritive requirements. The animal protein ratio was also significantly higher. Concerning the total protein, animal protein and animal protein ratio, male and female patients showed similar results. Salt consumption was significantly larger for all the patients and the male patients than the daily nutritive requirement for the Japanese. Female stone formers also showed this tendency. Consumption of calcium and carbohydrate by all the patients and the male patients was significantly smaller than the daily nutritive requirement. This tendency was observed for the female patients.},
}
@article {pmid1496031,
year = {1992},
author = {Piry, A and Vin, F and Allaert, FA},
title = {[Inflammation and subcutaneous calcification of venous origins].},
journal = {Phlebologie},
volume = {45},
number = {1},
pages = {41-7; discussion 48-9},
pmid = {1496031},
issn = {0031-8280},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Calcinosis/*etiology/metabolism/physiopathology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calculi/etiology/metabolism/physiopathology ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Leg/blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phlebitis/*complications/metabolism/physiopathology ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Skin/*blood supply ; Venous Insufficiency/*etiology/metabolism/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {There have been few descriptions up to now of calcifications in chronic venous insufficiency, other than in cases where venous insufficiency is complicated be severe trophic disorders and in particular ulcers. It was therefore felt to be of interest to assess the presence of calcifications in venous insufficiency without trophic disorders. This study was based upon 40 cases recruited in the phlebology out-patient clinic of the Notre Dame de Bon Secours Hospital. Calcifications of the lower limbs were found in 7 patients, either by palpation, routine X-rays or ultrasonography. The etiopathogenic mechanisms of this occurrence not having been elucidated, a number of hypotheses are put forward on the basis of acquired data concerning: the process of formation of ectopic calcifications, changes in subcutaneous tissue, the ultimate consequences of venous stasis and of raised venous pressure, due essentially to anoxia and inflammation. One hypothesis can thus be put forward: that of inflammation. The release of cells and mediators of inflammation, the production of free radicals, causing damage to the cells of connective tissue and to the organic framework (collagen fibres) and changes in the chemical environment could combine to result in the formation of calcifications in subcutaneous tissue. However, inflammation has not been proven to be the primary etiological factor.},
}
@article {pmid1482031,
year = {1992},
author = {Lalau, JD and Achard, JM and Bataille, P and Bergot, C and Jans, I and Boudailliez, B and Petit, J and Henon, G and Westeel, PF and el Esper, N},
title = {[Vertebral density of hypercalciuric lithiasis. Its relation to calcium-protein intake and vitamin D metabolism].},
journal = {Annales de medecine interne},
volume = {143},
number = {5},
pages = {293-298},
pmid = {1482031},
issn = {0003-410X},
mesh = {*Bone Density ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Calcium, Dietary/*adverse effects ; Dietary Proteins/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*chemistry/diet therapy/etiology ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Forty-two patients with calcium calculi were selected based on calciuria > 0.1 mmol/kg/d on an uncontrolled diet. To measure excretion of sodium, calcium, phosphates and hydroxyproline, a 24-hr urine sample was collected on the 4th day of a milk product-free diet, a fasting urine specimen was collected on the morning of the 5th day and another sample was taken 4 hr after the oral administration of calcium. On the 5th day, plasma levels of calcium, phosphates, intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcidiol and calcitriol were determined on an empty stomach and after administration of a calcium load. The results, compared to those of healthy subjects evaluated under the same conditions, enabled classification of the stone-formers as having dietary hypercalciuria (n = 18), when calciuria returned to normal on a low calcium diet, and idiopathic hypercalciuria (n = 24), when the urinary calcium level remained high. Patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria were then classified, according to Pak's criteria, as having absorptive hypercalciuria (n = 8), when the fasting calciuric levels was normal, renal hypercalciuria (n = 1), when fasting hypercalciuria with elevated circulating PTH was controlled by a calcium load, or undetermined hypercalciuria (n = 15) for those individuals with fasting hypercalciuria and normal plasma PTH levels. In addition, vertebral density was measured tomodensitometrically and expressed as a percentage of the normal as a function of sex and age based on a regression line calculated with the results of 239 normal subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid1780648,
year = {1991},
author = {Audran, M and Bataille, P and Sebert, JL and Crouzet, G and Auvinet, B and Laval-Jeantet, MA and Basle, MF and Rénier, JC},
title = {[Bone density in idiopathic hypercalciuria in men. Study by dual photon absorptiometry, X-ray computed tomography and histomorphometry].},
journal = {Revue du rhumatisme et des maladies osteo-articulaires},
volume = {58},
number = {11},
pages = {747-750},
pmid = {1780648},
issn = {0035-2659},
mesh = {Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adult ; *Bone Density ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/diagnosis/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; Lumbar Vertebrae/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/*etiology/metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {Lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) of the L3 vertebra was evaluated by double photon absorptiometry or tomodensitometry (TDM) in 55 hypercalciuric individuals in two separate studies. In the first, in a department of nephrology, 29 lithiasis patients were studied by TDM of L3. By this technique, trabecular density was 75 +/- 23% of normal. It was lower in the 17 patients in whom hypercalciuria persisted after calcium restriction (66 +/- 15% of normal and below the "fracture threshold" in 9 cases) than in the 12 patients in whom it disappeared after the prescription of such a diet (88 +/- 26%, below the "fracture threshold" in 3 cases), this difference being significant (p less than 0.01). In another 26 patients, seen in a department of rheumatology, three of whom had osteoporosis with vertebral fracture, density was measured in 21 cases by double photon absorptiometry (mean Z score -1.9 +/- 1.0) and in 5 cases by TDM (mean BMD of L3 69 +/- 21% of normal). Mean iliac trabecular volume, measured in 8 cases only, was 70 +/- 25% of normal and was below the "fracture threshold" in 3 cases. Comparison of the two study groups was not possible because of differences in recruitment and methods of investigation. These two studies nevertheless show the existence of significant vertebral bone rarefaction during hypercalciuria in the young man. Confirmed and quantified in patients in whom the metabolic disturbance was discovered as a result of radiological abnormalities, this quantitative abnormality was also seen in patients in whom hypercalciurie was found because of renal lithiasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid1747716,
year = {1991},
author = {Laminski, NA and Meyers, AM and Kruger, M and Sonnekus, MI and Margolius, LP},
title = {Hyperoxaluria in patients with recurrent calcium oxalate calculi: dietary and other risk factors.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {68},
number = {5},
pages = {454-458},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410x.1991.tb15383.x},
pmid = {1747716},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/analysis ; Calcium Phosphates/analysis ; Diabetes Complications ; Diet/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/*complications/diet therapy/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*complications/diet therapy/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {The presence of mild hyperoxaluria in recurrent calcium oxalate stone formers is controversial. The aim of this study was to identify recurrent stone formers with mild hyperoxaluria and to classify them further by assessing their response to a low oxalate diet. In addition, the prevalence of other risk factors for stone formation in this group of patients was investigated. A total of 207 consecutive patients with recurrent renal calculi were screened and 40 (19%) were found to have mild hyperoxaluria. Of these, 18 (45%) responded to dietary oxalate restriction by normalising their urinary oxalate. The remaining 22 patients were classified as having idiopathic hyperoxaluria and were subdivided into those in whom urinary oxalate excretion was consistently elevated in all specimens measured and those in whom the elevation was intermittent in nature. Dietary oxalate restriction had a partially beneficial effect in lowering oxalate excretion in the patients with persistent hyperoxaluria. No difference in urinary oxalate excretion was found after dietary restriction in the patients with intermittent hyperoxaluria. Other risk factors, including dietary, absorptive and renal hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia, were documented, the prevalence of which (65%) was not significantly different from that (62.5%) found in 40 age- and sex-matched calcium stone formers without hyperoxaluria. The prevalence of hyperuricosuria was significantly greater in patients with hyperoxaluria when compared with stone controls. Further studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of hyperoxaluria in recurrent stone formers.},
}
@article {pmid1658277,
year = {1991},
author = {Kamphues, J},
title = {Calcium metabolism of rabbits as an etiological factor for urolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of nutrition},
volume = {121},
number = {11 Suppl},
pages = {S95-6},
doi = {10.1093/jn/121.suppl_11.S95},
pmid = {1658277},
issn = {0022-3166},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage/pharmacokinetics ; Cholecalciferol/*administration &amp; dosage ; Magnesium/metabolism ; *Rabbits ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*veterinary ; },
}
@article {pmid1835061,
year = {1991},
author = {Jungers, P and Daudon, M},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria. Biological studies and therapeutic applications].},
journal = {Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)},
volume = {20},
number = {32},
pages = {1555-1561},
pmid = {1835061},
issn = {0755-4982},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Classification ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC) is defined by an urinary calcium excretion greater than or equal to 0.10 mmol/kg body weight/day on a free diet in the absence of hypercalcemia. Pak's classification into absorptive and renal forms of IHC is no longer accepted as such. The now proposed "operational" classification of IHC separates dietary IHC, where calcium excretion falls below 0.07 mmol/kg BW/day on moderate dietary calcium restriction, from true IHC, where urinary calcium excretion remains above this value while on a 600 mg Ca diet, with renal and absorptive "presentations". Etiopathogenic mechanisms of IHC are revisited and appear to be multifactorial. They involve endogenous factors, such as disorders of calcitriol biosynthesis (or receptors), bone resorption and/or calcium membrane transport, whose phenotypic expression is enhanced by extrinsic factors, mainly nutritional, such as high animal protein and salt intake. A protocol of laboratory investigation based on these recent data is proposed, together with a stepped therapeutic approach involving a readjustment of nutritional habits combined, when needed, with thiazide diuretics.},
}
@article {pmid1956413,
year = {1991},
author = {Wendland, BE},
title = {Nutritional management of patients with kidney stones.},
journal = {Nephrology news &amp; issues},
volume = {5},
number = {10},
pages = {32, 34, 40 passim},
pmid = {1956413},
issn = {0896-1263},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*diet therapy/etiology ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; },
abstract = {The nutritional management of individuals with recurrent calcium urolithiasis requires an individualized approach to the establishment of long-term goals. Diet therapy should be instituted only after careful consideration of serial metabolic evaluation of blood and urine parameters, along with stone analysis data. Interval monitoring of patient progress provides an opportunity for the identification and correction of clinical problems associated with the establishment of long-term goals.},
}
@article {pmid1928018,
year = {1991},
author = {Garcia, CD and Miller, LA and Stapleton, FB},
title = {Natural history of hematuria associated with hypercalciuria in children.},
journal = {American journal of diseases of children (1960)},
volume = {145},
number = {10},
pages = {1204-1207},
doi = {10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160100136039},
pmid = {1928018},
issn = {0002-922X},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*epidemiology/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria/complications/*epidemiology/urine ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Male ; Tennessee/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria (HCU) is frequently found during the evaluation of children with hematuria; the long-term implications of untreated HCU in children are uncertain. Since 1981, we have identified HCU (urinary calcium, greater than 0.1 mmol.kg-1.d-1) in 58 patients (41 male) with hematuria; 64% had gross hematuria and 74% had a relative with urolithiasis. Renal HCU was diagnosed in 19 patients and absorptive HCU in 24 patients. In 15 children, the calcium loading test was nondiagnostic. In nine patients (16%), urolithiasis developed, and in one patient, a renal calcification developed. These 10 patients (seven male) were older (10.1 vs 7.5 years) than the other 48 patients and initially presented with gross hematuria (nine of 10). All 10 patients had a family history of urolithiasis. The initial urinary calcium value was similar between the 10 patients with stones (0.15 mmol.kg-1.d-1) and the patients without stones (0.14 mmol.kg-1.d-1); five had absorptive HCU and four had renal HCU. At least one follow-up urinary calcium measurement was available for 23 patients who were not receiving thiazide therapy during 1 to 6 years after diagnosis (mean, 3.1 years). At 1-year follow-up, 12 of 17 patients had HCU and five had hematuria. Twenty-one patients were studied 2 to 3 years from diagnosis; 11 had HCU and eight had hematuria. After 4 years, six of seven patients had HCU and three had hematuria. We concluded that children with HCU and hematuria are at significant risk for urolithiasis, especially if they have gross hematuria and a family history of urolithiasis. Hypercalciuria may be episodic in children with hematuria, and factors other than urinary calcium concentration may be responsible for urinary bleeding.},
}
@article {pmid1889513,
year = {1991},
author = {Ieki, Y and Miyakoshi, H and Nagai, Y and Bando, Y and Usuda, R and Miyamoto, I and Ohsawa, K and Kobayashi, K},
title = {[The frequency and mechanisms of urolithiasis in acromegaly].},
journal = {Nihon Naibunpi Gakkai zasshi},
volume = {67},
number = {7},
pages = {755-763},
doi = {10.1507/endocrine1927.67.7_755},
pmid = {1889513},
issn = {0029-0661},
mesh = {Acromegaly/*complications/metabolism ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {It is generally accepted that acromegaly is often associated with hypercalciuria, but there are few reports on the frequency and the mechanisms of urolithiasis. Recently we consecutively experienced 2 cases of acromegaly with urolithiasis, and these experiences made us investigate the association between urolithiasis and acromegaly. Among 18 acromegalies from 1977 to March 1990 (10 males, 8 females, 24-64 years old), 13 cases (72%) fulfilled the criteria of hypercalciuria (urinary calcium (u-Ca) greater than or equal to 200 mg/day or u-Ca/urinary creatinine (u-Ca/u-Cr) greater than or equal to 0.15), and 7 cases (39%) suffered from urolithiasis that was diagnosed by KUB (4 cases) or X-ray computed tomography (CT) (3 cases). Especially in the last 2 years, 5 out of 7 cases (71%) were complicated with urolithiasis and all 7 cases were associated with hypercalciuria. These results suggest that hypercalciuria and urolithiasis are both much more frequent than previously reported. In 6 cases who were treated by pituitary adenomectomy from 1988-1989 (4 males, 2 females, 24-59 years old), we examined Ca metabolism before and after operation. Before operation, the levels of serum growth hormone (GH), u-Ca (mg/day), u-Ca/u-Cr (in all cases) and plasma somatomedin-C (Sm-C) (in 4 cases) were increased above the normal range. To determine the etiology of hypercalciuria, we performed the oral Ca load test under restriction of Ca (400 mg/day) and P (650 mg/day) intake. The results suggested that the hypercalciuria might be mainly due to the increased absorption of Ca from the intestine (so-called "Absorptive hypercalciuria"). However, the levels of serum vitamin D (Vit. D) metabolites were all within the normal range before operation. After operation, GH and u-Ca/u-Cr (in 5 cases) and u-Ca (mg/day) (in all cases) decreased significantly compared with before operation, and the levels of Sm-C (in all cases), serum 25-(OH)D3, 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 (in 4 cases) and 24,25-(OH)2D3 (in 3 cases) were also reduced after operation. Surprisingly, u-Ca and u-Ca/u-Cr normalized only in 4 cases who showed a reduction in 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3 levels after operation, although there were no correlations between u-Ca (mg/day) or u-Ca/u-Cr and 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D3. Significant correlations were found between u-Ca (mg/day) or u-Ca/u-Cr and Sm-C. The parathyroid function evaluated by the rapid Ca infusion test or nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (NcAMP) was normal before and after operation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid2053574,
year = {1991},
author = {Eaton, SB and Nelson, DA},
title = {Calcium in evolutionary perspective.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {54},
number = {1 Suppl},
pages = {281S-287S},
doi = {10.1093/ajcn/54.1.281S},
pmid = {2053574},
issn = {0002-9165},
mesh = {Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; Bone Development ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Hominidae/growth &amp; development/*metabolism ; Humans ; Mammals/metabolism ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Physical Exertion ; },
abstract = {The nutritional requirements of contemporary humans were almost certainly established over eons of evolutionary experience and the best available evidence indicates that this evolution occurred in a high-calcium nutritional environment. The exercise and dietary patterns of humans living at the end of the Stone Age can be considered natural paradigms: calcium intake was twice that for contemporary humans and requirements for physical exertion were also greater than at present. Bony remains from that period suggest that Stone Agers developed a greater peak bone mass and experienced less age-related bone loss than do humans in the 20th Century.},
}
@article {pmid1895673,
year = {1991},
author = {Bataille, P and Achard, JM and Fournier, A and Boudailliez, B and Westeel, PF and el Esper, N and Bergot, C and Jans, I and Lalau, JD and Petit, J},
title = {Diet, vitamin D and vertebral mineral density in hypercalciuric calcium stone formers.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {39},
number = {6},
pages = {1193-1205},
doi = {10.1038/ki.1991.151},
pmid = {1895673},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Adult ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; *Bone Density ; Calcium/*urine ; *Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Natriuresis ; Reference Values ; Spine/*metabolism ; Vitamin D/*urine ; },
abstract = {To elucidate the pathophysiology of dietary calcium independent hypercalciuria, 42 calcium stone formers (Ca SF) were selected because they had on free diet a calciuria greater than 0.1 mmol/kg/day. For four days they were put on a diet restricted in calcium (Ca RD) by exclusion of the dairy products. They collected 24 hour urines on free diet and on day 4 of Ca RD as well as the two-hour fasting urines on the morning of the day 5 and the four-hour urines passed after an oral calcium load of 1 g, for measurement of creatinine, Ca, PO4, urea and total hydroxyprolinuria (THP). On day 5 fasting plasma concentrations of Ca, PO4, intact PTH, Gla protein, calcidiol and calcitriol were measured. The patients were firstly classified into dietary hypercalciuria (DH, 18 patients) and dietary calcium-independent hypercalciuria (IH, 24 patients) on the basis of the disappearance or not of hypercalciuria on Ca RD. Then the patients with IH were subclassified into absorptive hypercalciuria (AH) because of normal fasting calciuria (8 patients) and into fasting hypercalciuria (16 patients). Fasting hypercalciuric patients were subsequently divided according to the PTH levels into renal hypercalciuria (RH, 1 patient) with elevated fasting PTH becoming normal after the Ca load and undetermined hypercalciuria (UH, 15 patients) with normal PTH levels. Furthermore, their vertebral mineral density (VMD) was measured by quantitative computerized tomography which was normal in DH (91 +/- 6% of the normal mean for age and sex) but was decreased in IH to 69 +/- 4%. No difference in VMD was observed between AH and UH. Urinary excretions of urea, phosphate and THP was higher in IH than in DH and comparable in AH and UH. Sodium excretion Ca RD was the same in all groups and subgroups as well as the plasma parameters. Plasma calcitriol was increased in IH and DH comparatively to normal in spite of normal plasma calcidiol. Calciuria increase after oral calcium load, an index of Ca absorption, was higher in IH than in controls and comparable in IH and DH as well as in the three subgroups of IH. From these data and correlation studies in IH it is concluded: (1.) VMD is decreased in Ca stone formers with IH but not in those with DH, making the distinction of these two groups of hypercalciuria patients clinically relevant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid2016806,
year = {1991},
author = {Higashihara, E and Nutahara, K and Takeuchi, T and Shoji, N and Araie, M and Aso, Y},
title = {Calcium metabolism in acidotic patients induced by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: responses to citrate.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {145},
number = {5},
pages = {942-948},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38496-3},
pmid = {2016806},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Acetazolamide/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Acidosis/*chemically induced/drug therapy ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/*adverse effects ; Citrates/*therapeutic use ; Citric Acid ; Female ; Glaucoma/drug therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*chemically induced/epidemiology ; Male ; Methazolamide/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {Calcium metabolism and its response to citrate were examined in 51 patients with glaucoma receiving carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide or methazolamide). Metabolic acidosis, hypocitraturia and increased incidence of nephrolithiasis were induced by both drugs. However, the acidosis was milder with methazolamide administration. Normocalciuria was observed in 29 patients and was shown to be a result of low filtered calcium. Renal hypercalciuria in 16 patients was associated with elevated parathyroid hormone but nephrogenic cyclic adenosine monophosphate remained within normal limits. Citrate in the form of potassium citrate (4.3 mmol.) and sodium citrate (4.0 mmol.) did not correct the metabolic acidosis or hypocitraturia but consistently decreased fasting and 24-hour urinary calcium excretion in patients with renal hypercalciuria. This event did not occur in patients with normocalciuria or absorptive hypercalciuria. These results suggest that a small amount of citrate could reverse renal hypercalciuria without correcting the metabolic acidosis.},
}
@article {pmid1675465,
year = {1991},
author = {Baglin, A and Junien, C and Prinseau, J},
title = {[Primary hyperparathyroidism. Mechanisms of hypercalcemia].},
journal = {Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)},
volume = {20},
number = {15},
pages = {701-705},
pmid = {1675465},
issn = {0755-4982},
mesh = {Adenoma/complications ; Bone Resorption/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*physiopathology ; Hyperparathyroidism/chemically induced/genetics/*physiopathology ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Lithium/adverse effects ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia/genetics ; Parathyroid Hormone/*metabolism/physiology ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications ; },
abstract = {In primary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcaemia is due to inappropriate hypersecretion of parathormone (PTH). Yet, the intestinal or osseous origin of the excess in plasma calcium and the symptoms of the disease are largely conditioned by vitamin D reserve and metabolism. In cases with sufficient vitamin D reserve and normal metabolism, the primary disorder is hyperabsorption of calcium by the intestine, and there is a risk of renal stone formation. In patients with vitamin D deficiency, there is a significant increase of bone resorption accompanied by osteoarticular symptoms. In addition, other factors, as yet unidentified, seem to intervene in the reabsorption of calcium by the renal tubule, which commands the degree of hypercalcaemia. Hypersecretion of parathormone may be due either to a reduced sensitivity of parathyroid cells to calcium (as in adenomas) or to an increase of the PTH-secreting thyroid mass (as in hyperplasia and some adenomas).},
}
@article {pmid2008901,
year = {1991},
author = {Smith, LH},
title = {Diet and hyperoxaluria in the syndrome of idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis.},
journal = {American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {370-375},
doi = {10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80625-1},
pmid = {2008901},
issn = {0272-6386},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; *Calcium Oxalate ; Calcium, Dietary/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/*complications ; Male ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/*etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Hyperoxaluria is an important risk factor in patients who form calcium oxalate stones within the urinary tract. It occurs in patients with primary hyperoxaluria, enteric hyperoxaluria, and the syndrome of idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis. In the latter condition, the specific causes of the hyperoxaluria are not well defined. Diet and the availability of calcium and oxalate from the diet within the intestine are important factors in the hyperoxaluria that is present in some of these patients with idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Other abnormalities in endogenous metabolism or transport of oxalate may play a role in the hyperoxaluria in some of these patients.},
}
@article {pmid2022425,
year = {1991},
author = {Donovan, JM and Carey, MC},
title = {Physical-chemical basis of gallstone formation.},
journal = {Gastroenterology clinics of North America},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {47-66},
pmid = {2022425},
issn = {0889-8553},
support = {DK 08289/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK 34854/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK 36588/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Bile Pigments/metabolism ; Bilirubin/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Cholelithiasis/*chemistry/etiology ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; },
abstract = {The broad outlines of the physical chemistry of cholesterol solubilization are well understood, but minor components of native biles probably alter the equilibrium solubility of cholesterol in bile and, more importantly, profoundly affect the kinetics of cholesterol crystal formation. The physical chemistry of UCB solubilization is much less clear; two decades after the limits of cholesterol solubilization in bile were reported, we still cannot provide accurate information on the limits of UCB solubility in bile. Although UCB is predominantly solubilized by the same biliary aggregates as cholesterol, the ionic nature of UCB implies that other, quantitatively minor biliary components profoundly alter UCB solubilization. Understanding UCB solubilization in bile and the prevention of black pigment stone formation await further studies. An understanding of the physical chemistry of cholesterol and UCB, both as solubilized in bile and as precipitated in gallstones, is basic to an understanding of the pathogenesis of gallstone disease, as well as current and potential chemical methods of gallstone dissolution and prevention.},
}
@article {pmid1846572,
year = {1991},
author = {Rizzato, G and Fraioli, P and Montemurro, L},
title = {Long-term therapy with deflazacort in chronic sarcoidosis.},
journal = {Chest},
volume = {99},
number = {2},
pages = {301-309},
doi = {10.1378/chest.99.2.301},
pmid = {1846572},
issn = {0012-3692},
mesh = {Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/blood ; Pregnenediones/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Radiography ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sarcoidosis/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term action of deflazacort (DF), a new calcium-sparing and bone-saving corticosteroid, in chronic sarcoidosis patients needing prolonged therapy.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: 40 patients with chronic histologically proved sarcoidosis requiring long-term corticosteroid therapy were treated with DF and followed for a mean period of 958 +/- 515 days (range 382-2, 068). The indication for giving corticosteroid therapy was pulmonary impairment in most (36), but also other events including hypercalcemia (2), kidney stones (5, 2 with recurrent colic), uveitis (2), lupus pernio (3), suspected heart impairment (5), hypersplenism (1), and other causes. Follow-up examination included serial ACE, chest x-ray, 67Ga lung scan, pulmonary function data, serum and urinary calcium levels. Eleven patients (UT group) were not receiving glucocorticoids when first seen at our clinic; 29 patients (PT group) were on therapy with glucocorticoids (27 wity prednisone, 2 with DF) for 870 +/- 1,128 days (range 27-4,310)<br><br>RESULTS: In the PT group, DF maintained the good results previously obtained with prednisone; in this group, chest x-ray film showed improvement in 16 patients, 67Ga lung scan was better in 13, while worsening chest x-ray film findings in 1 and 67Ga lung scan in 2 was seen coincident with DF tapering. Respiratory function data showed a mild nonsignificant improvement. SACE decreased significantly from 114.6 +/- 38.7 to 91.5 +/- 37.9 nM/ml/min (p less than .05). In the UT group the results were better, as expected in a population where the action of corticosteroids did not influence the first observation. FVC increased significantly from 76.3 +/- 13.0 to 89.9 +/- 19.5 percent predicted (p less than .01); the 67Ga lung scan and chest x-ray film findings improved in all but 1 patient, and ACE dropped significantly (p less than .01) from 131.8 +/- 46.3 to 83.7 +/- 25.0. In both groups the side effects were mild, and only 2 patients discontinued the treatment, 1 for gastric ulcer, and the other for amenorrhea plus a 14 kg weight gain.<br><br>CURRENT STATUS: One patient died of cancer, 9 discontinued treatment (5 because therapy was no longer necessary, 2 for the above described side effects, 2 for non-drug-related reasons), 4 dropped out and were last seen when taking DF 22.5, 18, 12 and 6 mg daily respectively. Twenty-six are continuing the drug on a long-term basis at the current mean daily dose of 12.1 +/- 7.3 mg (range 3-30). In a number of these, an attempt to discontinue DF resulted in a sarcoid relapse, and DF was restarted.<br><br>CONCLUSION: DF is a good and safe approach to the long-term corticosteroid therapy of sarcoidosis.},
}
@article {pmid1887522,
year = {1991},
author = {Herrmann, U and Schwille, PO and Kuch, P},
title = {Crystalluria determined by polarization microscopy. Technique and results in healthy control subjects and patients with idiopathic recurrent calcium urolithiasis classified in accordance with calciuria.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {151-158},
pmid = {1887522},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/urine ; Crystallization ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Polarization ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Calculi/chemistry/epidemiology/*urine ; },
abstract = {A retrospective study was done on the nature and degree of crystalluria in spontaneously voided fasting and postprandial urine of patients with recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis (RCU) divided into normocalciuria (20 males, 20 females) and hypercalciuria patients (20 males, 20 females), and controls (20 males, 20 females). The crystals were obtained using a filter technique and identified by microscopy. In addition, individual data, clinical chemistry variables and indices reflecting the risk of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate crystallization were evaluated. In contrast to findings of other investigators of crystalluria we observed only a few crystals on the filters. The most frequently occurring phases were (in this order) a urate-containing phase (tentatively termed uric), an amorphous calcium phosphate phase (tentatively termed isotropic) and a phase of spheroid-like particles, not yet definitely characterized (tentatively termed spheroid). Calcium oxalate crystals were found only exceptionally. There was no relationship between the degree of calciuria (normo- versus hypercalciuric RCU) and crystalluria. Among RCU, males generally had a predominance of the isotropic, females of the spheroid phase, as compared with controls. Also, RCU females were generally obese, and their spheroid score and lean body mass correlated negatively and significantly. The calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate risk indices were always low in normal individuals, higher in RCU. Patients of both sexes with urinary stones had normal parathyroid gland function, but higher total calcium in fasting serum and higher urinary pH as compared with controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid1858197,
year = {1991},
author = {Ivanov, II and Tsvetkov, MTs and Ormanov, ID and Mladenov, DD and Drenski, OG and Gruev, IS and Kumanov, KhN},
title = {[The comprehensive examination of patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Urologiia i nefrologiia},
volume = {},
number = {1},
pages = {13-18},
pmid = {1858197},
issn = {0042-1154},
mesh = {Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {Hypercalciuria is one of the main causes of recurrent generation of urinary calcium-containing calculi. 107 patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis were examined and results presented. Concentrations of potassium, sodium, chlorides, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid and creatinine were investigated in serum and urine, as well as indices of acid-base balance in arterial blood. pH-metry, "preliminary" and oral calcium tolerance test were also carried out. The microcomputer data analysis established that the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism may be identified in case of increased serum calcium level before and after calcium load test, the same of parathyroid, and increased urinary cAMP excretion. Renal hypercalciuria is characterized by low blood calcium level in both periods of the oral test, high basal calciuria, increased urinary cAMP excretion and its slight decrease after the oral calcium load test, by a tendency to lower serum magnesium levels in high magnesuria. The patients with absorptive hypercalciuria had an upper normal or increased blood calcium level, a significant calcemic and calciuric "response" to the calcium load, reduction in urinary cAMP elimination and more severe decrease (close to 0) of these indices after oral calcium load and normal magnesium levels in blood and urine. On a base of the "preliminary" test data the patients with relapsing calcium nephrolithiasis and metabolic disorders may be differed from those without calcium and phosphorus metabolic deteriorations. The "preliminary" test defines indications for the oral calcium tolerance test, automatic diagnosis and computer data storage facilitate physician to work and to solve problems of the patients' survey.},
}
@article {pmid1780708,
year = {1991},
author = {Tur, JA and Prieto, R and Grases, F},
title = {An animal model to study the effects of diet on risk factors of calcium stone formation.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {25},
number = {4},
pages = {311-314},
doi = {10.3109/00365599109024566},
pmid = {1780708},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Calcium Oxalate ; Citrates/metabolism ; Creatinine/metabolism ; *Diet ; Dietary Proteins/administration &amp; dosage ; Diuresis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism/*physiopathology ; },
abstract = {The effects of diet on the formation of calcium oxalate stones were studied in 150-day-old rats by measuring the diuresis, pH, and urinary and blood concentrations of promoting and inhibitory substances. An increase in phosphate (promoting) and magnesium (inhibiting), and a decrease in citrate (inhibiting) and pH were found in the urine of rats fed with a high protein diet. No differences were observed in the plasma concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate. These results confirm epidemiological and clinical studies in humans that have shown that any diet rich in protein can change the concentrations of these substances in urine.},
}
@article {pmid1756028,
year = {1991},
author = {Darley-Usmar, VM and Stone, D and Smith, D and Martin, JF},
title = {Mitochondria, oxygen and reperfusion damage.},
journal = {Annals of medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {5},
pages = {583-588},
doi = {10.3109/07853899109150521},
pmid = {1756028},
issn = {0785-3890},
mesh = {Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Biological Transport, Active ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia/physiology ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Mitochondria, Heart/*metabolism ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/*metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption/physiology ; },
abstract = {Reperfusion of the ischaemic or hypoxic heart elicits a number of oxygen dependent processes such as cell lysis and Ca2+ uptake. It is known that the energisation of mitochondria, which requires oxygen, plays a key role in these processes and that the organelle actively sequesters Ca2+ under these circumstances. In this brief review we discuss how oxidants derived from mitochondrial electron transport may perturb mitochondrial calcium handling on reoxygenation of the hypoxic myocardium. In addition we show that the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin has little or no effect on the oxygen dependent increase in total cell Ca2+ which occurs when hypoxic myocytes are reoxygenated. This result suggests that the Ca2+ dependent mitochondrial pore, which is known to function under conditions of oxidative stress, does not play a major role in the perturbation of Ca2+ homeostasis which occurs on reoxygenation of hypoxic hearts.},
}
@article {pmid1746929,
year = {1991},
author = {Sakly, R and Hdhili, A and Achour, A and Barkia, A and Yaacoub, M and Kallal, Z and Mbazzaa, A},
title = {[Is sucrose a risk factor in calculus formation?].},
journal = {Annales d'urologie},
volume = {25},
number = {4},
pages = {204-208},
pmid = {1746929},
issn = {0003-4401},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/urine ; Copper/urine ; Dietary Carbohydrates/administration &amp; dosage/*pharmacology ; Energy Intake ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Magnesium/urine ; Male ; Organ Size ; Oxalates/urine ; Phosphorus/urine ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Risk Factors ; Sucrose/administration &amp; dosage/*pharmacology ; Zinc/urine ; },
abstract = {The addition of sucrose to drinking water of rats at the rate of 2.5 or 5 grams per 100 ml, for one month, induced hypercalciuria which appeared to be dependent on the degree of supplementation. In spite of these disorders, calcium deposits were not observed in treated animals. This protection against renal calculi was probably due to high urinary excretions of magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and copper. These lithogenesis inhibitors varied, like oxaluria and calciuria, in parallel with dietary sucrose intake.},
}
@article {pmid2103559,
year = {1990},
author = {Tamayo, JA and Peña, JC},
title = {[Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of renal and urinary tract lithiasis].},
journal = {Gaceta medica de Mexico},
volume = {126},
number = {6},
pages = {497-505; discussion 505-7},
pmid = {2103559},
issn = {0016-3813},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Citrates/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Function Tests ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinary Calculi/diagnosis/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control/therapy ; },
abstract = {Kidney and urinary stone disease is a major public health problem which requires a systemic clinical and biochemical evaluation to establish a precise diagnosis and well oriented therapy. This study reviews the results of a protocol designed to establish the metabolic abnormalities that occurred in 626 consecutive renal stone patients studied in two periods; group I (1979-1987) 441 cases and group II (1987-1989) 185 cases. The group I included the following determinations before and after a five day oral calcium load: serum and 24 hr urine electrolytes, divalent cations, phosphate, uric acid, cystine, glomerular filtration rate, parathyroid function evaluation with PTH and Tm Phosphate and since 1982 also (Ia) cAMP. In group II we also determined inhibitors of crystallization (magnesium and citrate) and promoters of nucleation (oxalate). In 185 cases of group I, we monitored months of follow up after metabolic evaluation and the number of stones formed per patient/year before and after treatment was begun. In group I we detected some variety of metabolic abnormality in 88.2 percent of our patients and in group II increased to 96.2 percent. A two year follow up was recorded in 55 percent and four year follow up in 39 percent of our cases. The stone/patient/year formation rate before treatment was 2.8 and significantly decreased to 0.8 after treatment. The highly diagnostic efficiency, the long term follow up and the adequacy of treatment significantly decreased stone activity in this group of patients. We concluded that this protocol should be included in the systematic evaluation of kidney stone patients.},
}
@article {pmid2124987,
year = {1990},
author = {Lindsjö, M and Fellström, B and Danielson, BG and Kasidas, GP and Rose, GA and Ljunghall, S},
title = {Hyperoxaluria or hypercalciuria in nephrolithiasis: the importance of renal tubular functions.},
journal = {European journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {546-554},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb01900.x},
pmid = {2124987},
issn = {0014-2972},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/*etiology/physiopathology ; Jejunoileal Bypass/adverse effects ; Kidney Calculi/chemistry/*complications/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules/*physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; },
abstract = {The role of the kidney in states of hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria was investigated in seven patients with hyperoxaluria after jejunoileal bypass (JIB) and six patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC). Eight apparently healthy persons formed a control group. Besides hyperoxaluria, the patients with JIB displayed an elevated plasma concentration of oxalate and the oxalate clearance was increased and higher than creatinine clearance, indicating a net tubular secretion of oxalate. The JIB patients had lower 24-h urinary excretions of calcium, phosphate, magnesium and citrate and higher serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) than controls, indicating increased secretion of PTH to compensate for calcium malabsorption. IHC patients exhibited increased fasting urinary calcium even though their serum values were similar to those in the controls. These results indicate a reduced tubular calcium reabsorption, which was most pronounced in patients with highest PTH values. We conclude that hyperoxaluria in JIB patients is associated both with intestinal hyperabsorption and with enhanced tubular secretion of oxalate, and that in some patients with IHC hypercalciuria is due to reduced tubular reabsorption of calcium.},
}
@article {pmid2210651,
year = {1990},
author = {Moore, EW},
title = {Biliary calcium and gallstone formation.},
journal = {Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)},
volume = {12},
number = {3 Pt 2},
pages = {206S-214S; discussion 214S-218S},
pmid = {2210651},
issn = {0270-9139},
support = {AM 18887/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK 32130/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK 37913/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Bile/*metabolism/physiology ; Biophysical Phenomena ; Biophysics ; Calcinosis/complications/etiology ; Calcium/*metabolism/physiology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry, Physical ; Cholelithiasis/complications/*etiology ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Osmolar Concentration ; Solubility ; Thermodynamics ; },
abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to present a brief overview of the current status of the field of biliary calcium and the role of calcium in the formation and maturation of gallstones. The study of free Ca+(+) ions in bile by electrochemical potentiometric measurements using Ca+(+)-selective ion-exchange electrodes is a relatively new field, but much progress has been made in the past few years. Using this powerful analytical tool, new concepts and findings have arisen in almost every aspect of biliary calcium. Although the current symposium is targeted primarily toward cholesterol gallstones, there are several areas in which understanding of biliary calcium may significantly contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cholesterol, as well as "pigment" (calcium salt), gallstones. Five broad areas are considered in relation to biliary calcium: (a) physiology (calcium entry into bile), (b) biophysics (the regulation of biliary free [Ca+(+)] as related to Gibbs-Donnan equilibria, (c) physical chemistry (the physicochemical state of calcium in bile, (d) thermodynamics (calcium solubility in bile), and (e) kinetics (pronucleating and antinucleating factors and metastable states). With more specific reference to cholesterol stones, consideration is also made of (a) the calcium salt "seed" hypothesis in cholesterol stone pathogenesis; (b) the interactions of Ca+(+) with phospholipid-cholesterol vesicles, with consideration of possible structural requirements and (c) thermodynamic and kinetic factors as related to peripheral or "eggshell" calcification of existing cholesterol stones.},
}
@article {pmid2086132,
year = {1990},
author = {Xu, Z},
title = {[Changes in bile components during the formation and prevention of black pigment gallstone in a guinea pig model].},
journal = {Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery]},
volume = {28},
number = {9},
pages = {558-61, 574},
pmid = {2086132},
issn = {0529-5815},
mesh = {Animals ; Aspirin/therapeutic use ; Bile/*metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts/therapeutic use ; Bilirubin/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Glycoproteins/metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; },
abstract = {Black pigment gallstones were found in 22 out of 23 guinea pigs one week after the common bile ducts were partially ligated (S group). The incidence decreased to 11/20 (P less than 0.01) if the animals were fed with a chow containing bile salt mixture, glucurolactone, ane aspirin (S+M group). Three weeks after the ligation the incidence of gallstone in S group and S+M group was 17/18, and 9/10, respectively (P greater than 0.05). Glucuronidase (beta-G) activity in the bile of S group was not higher than that of control group (C group, P greater than 0.05), and all the bile samples were sterile. The biliary concentrations of ionized calcium (ICa), unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), total calcium (TCa), total bilirubin (TBr), glycoprotein (GIy. P), and PH significantly fluctuated among guinea pig groups and were parallel to gallstone incidence. The results of this study could hardly be explained by Maki beta-G theory, but were consistent with the assumption that the precipitation-dissolution equilibrium of calcium bilirubinate is the key of pigment gallstone formation, thus the increases of the above mentioned bile components, including beta-G activity, would bias this equilibrium towards calcium bilirubinate precipitation and therefore promote gallstone formation. On the contrary, stone formation would be prevented.},
}
@article {pmid2276424,
year = {1990},
author = {Darley-Usmar, VM and Smith, DR and O'Leary, VJ and Stone, D and Hardy, DL and Clark, JB},
title = {Hypoxia-reoxygenation induced damage in the myocardium: the role of mitochondria.},
journal = {Biochemical Society transactions},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {526-528},
doi = {10.1042/bst0180526},
pmid = {2276424},
issn = {0300-5127},
mesh = {Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cardiomyopathies/metabolism ; Homeostasis ; Hypoxia/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mitochondria, Heart/*metabolism ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/etiology/*metabolism ; Rats ; },
}
@article {pmid2208433,
year = {1990},
author = {Wei, DQ},
title = {[Effect of yiqi-yangyin prescription on bile composition of cholelithiasis patients].},
journal = {Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
pages = {470-2, 452},
pmid = {2208433},
issn = {0254-9034},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Bile/*metabolism ; Bilirubin/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Glucuronidase/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {There were 41 postoperative patients of cholelithiasis with manifestation of Qi-Yin deficiency, had treated with Yiqi Yangyin Prescription. The regimens was 2 weeks as a course, thereafter bile specimens were taken through T tube drainage, and biochemical analysis were performed in order to determine the composition in consequence of the comparison of the treated patients with the control groups. There were 19 patients of bile pigment stone in whom 10 treated with the prescription and 9 were served as control. The results showed that the total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, the concentration of calcium ion and the activity of beta-glucuronidase were markedly decreased as compared to those in the control group (P less than 0.05), the concentration of bile acid markedly increased than that in the control group (P less than 0.05). There were 22 patients of cholesterol stone, 11 treated with the prescription and 11 were served as control group. The results were the same as in bile pigment stone group except decreased in conjugated bilirubin (P less than 0.05), and the unconjugated bilirubin were remained unchanged (P greater than 0.05) as compared to the control group. The ratio of unconjugated bilirubin to total bilirubin and the ratio of bile acid to bilirubin were markedly decreased as compared to those in the control group. The above observation showed promptly that Yiqi-Yangyin Prescription gave a promise influence on lithogenic bile of cholelithiasitic patients, and also investigated the mechanism of the prescription used for deficiency patients with biliary troubles.},
}
@article {pmid1981225,
year = {1990},
author = {Chen, SM and Chen, TW and Lee, YH and Chu, WY and Young, TK},
title = {Renal excretion of oxalate in patients with chronic renal failure or nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi},
volume = {89},
number = {8},
pages = {651-656},
pmid = {1981225},
issn = {0929-6646},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*metabolism ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; },
abstract = {This study was carried out in order to investigate renal oxalate excretion in a group of normal subjects (n = 40), a group of patients with uremia (n = 52) and a group with nephrolithiasis (n = 34). We found that the mean concentrations of oxalate in the 24-hour urine specimens of both patient groups were below the normal range. Although the renal creatinine clearance (CCR) was significantly decreased in some stone patients (n = 14), decreased renal oxalate clearance was noted only in those patients with severe renal failure. Thus, plasma oxalate was found to be elevated only in patients with chronic renal failure (mean +/- SD, 49.7 +/- 12.4 mumol/l), while the normal value was 17.0 +/- 6.7 mumol/l. The mean tubular excretion fraction of oxalate was also found to increase markedly in uremia with a mean of 26.3 +/- 17.3% (in normal subjects, 11.7 +/- 7.5%), but their mean daily urinary excretion of oxalate decreased to 63.2 mumol/day (mean value of 232.6 mumol/day in normal subjects). A positive correlation was observed between oxalate and creatinine, and between oxalate and calcium excretion, which was not found in normal subjects or patients with kidney stones. In nephrolithiasic patients, the daily excretion of oxalate, calcium and phosphate had no discernible increment and the mean excretory ratio of oxalate, calcium or phosphate to creatinine was all within normal limits. But when the CCR of stone patients was below 80 ml/min, their daily excretion of oxalate and calcium decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) and the excretory ratio of phosphate to creatinine markedly increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid2133628,
year = {1990},
author = {Grimm, P and Nowitzki, S and Classen, HG},
title = {Nephrocalcinosis without functional renal impairment in rats subjected to subacute moderate magnesium deficiency, and intervention studies on the mobilization of calcium deposits.},
journal = {Magnesium research},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {87-92},
pmid = {2133628},
issn = {0953-1424},
mesh = {Animals ; Bone and Bones/chemistry ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Erythema/chemically induced ; Female ; Furosemide/*pharmacology ; Kidney/chemistry/*drug effects/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/chemically induced ; Magnesium/analysis ; Magnesium Deficiency/*metabolism ; Nephrocalcinosis/*chemically induced ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; },
abstract = {Female Sprague-Dawley rats (100-120 g) were kept for 12 d on diets containing 250, 1500, or 9000 ppm Mg. Then subgroups were loaded with water, frusemide or magnesium and urine was collected over 6 h. Moderately Mg-deficient diet (250 ppm) induced moderate hypomagnesaemia (62.3% of controls), but did not result in hypercalcaemia or the formation of typical erythema. Nevertheless, pronounced nephrocalcinosis developed, as shown by increased renal wet and dry weight and elevated tissue concentrations of Ca, P and Mg, the calculous deposits probably consisting to a large extent of Ca3 (PO4)2. Despite these alterations, renal function remained unimpaired in Mg-deficient rats, as shown by normal urinary creatinine excretion and the unaffected ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine. Loading with water, frusemide or Mg increased urinary excretion of calcium in all three diet groups to a similar extent; hence no significant proof can be given that calculous deposits are mobilized under these conditions. Since comparable conditions may also be present under clinical conditions in man, special care should be given to maintain optimal Mg balance.},
}
@article {pmid2396335,
year = {1990},
author = {Tiktinskiĭ, OL},
title = {[Marelin in the treatment of urolithiasis].},
journal = {Urologiia i nefrologiia},
volume = {},
number = {3},
pages = {13-16},
pmid = {2396335},
issn = {0042-1154},
mesh = {Chronic Disease ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Evaluation ; Humans ; Plant Extracts/*therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/complications/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Urination Disorders/drug therapy/etiology ; },
abstract = {The paper provides the results of a study into a therapeutic effect produced by the Soviet agent Marelin used in the treatment of urolithiasis. The study was undertaken to examine 52 patients with severe nephrolithiasis, of them 33 had undergone an operation. The purpose of the study was to investigate spasmolytic, lithagogue, and anti-inflammatory effects of the drug, its impact on phosphorus and calcium exchange, uric acid metabolism, bacterial flora, urine excretion and pH. A pronounced spasmolytic effect was found almost in all the patients. Expelling of small concrements and fragments was observed in 14 cases, almost in all (80%) had crystallines of uric salts, mucus, and pus. Some of them had small calculi moved from the calyces and pelves into the ureter. No pathogenic urinary bacterial flora was found in 12.2% of the cases. Calciuria was normalized in 18 patients, reduced on an average of up to 5.2 mmol/l in 16. Phosphaturia (false or true) occurred in 20 of 52 patients, its severity diminished in two thirds of the cases. Hyperuricemia improved in 6 out of 13 patients who had oxalate calculi. With Marelin, diuresis increased in 48 of 52 patients by 25-30% and 10-20% within the first 2-9 days and the subsequent 20 days, respectively. There was a decrease in pH from 7.8 to 6.8 in some patients with urinary alkaline reaction. The findings suggest that Marelin should be recommended for its wide clinical application.},
}
@article {pmid2325571,
year = {1990},
author = {Caniggia, A and Nuti, R and Lore, F and Martini, G and Turchetti, V and Righi, G},
title = {Long-term treatment with calcitriol in postmenopausal osteoporosis.},
journal = {Metabolism: clinical and experimental},
volume = {39},
number = {4 Suppl 1},
pages = {43-49},
doi = {10.1016/0026-0495(90)90272-e},
pmid = {2325571},
issn = {0026-0495},
mesh = {Aged ; Bone Density/drug effects ; Calcitriol/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/urine ; Kidney/drug effects ; Middle Aged ; Osteocalcin/blood ; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/*drug therapy ; },
abstract = {In order to assess the long-term effects of calcitriol treatment in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients, 1.0 micrograms/d of calcitriol was administered in two divided doses for 1 to 8 years to 270 women with symptomatic, histologically proven postmenopausal osteoporosis. No calcium supplementation was given. Clinically, the treatment resulted in substantial relief from pain, with improvement of ambulancy. Intestinal calcium absorption, which was lower than normal at baseline, increased significantly and remained higher than the baseline value as long as calcitriol was administered. Urinary calcium absorption also increased, but hypercalcemia occurred, exceptionally and transiently, in only a few patients. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion did not increase, indicating that hypercalciuria was not of resorptive origin. Total-body density, determined by dual-photon total-body absorptiometry in 56 patients, showed an increase after 18 to 24 months of therapy in most cases. The occurrence of nontraumatic, clinically relevant fractures decreased noticeably as compared with the period preceding calcitriol treatment. No change occurred in renal function, and no renal stones developed. Calcitriol was an effective and safe treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.},
}
@article {pmid2156883,
year = {1990},
author = {Garg, A and Bonanome, A and Grundy, SM and Unger, RH and Breslau, NA and Pak, CY},
title = {Effects of dietary carbohydrates on metabolism of calcium and other minerals in normal subjects and patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {70},
number = {4},
pages = {1007-1013},
doi = {10.1210/jcem-70-4-1007},
pmid = {2156883},
issn = {0021-972X},
support = {DK-2700/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; HL-29252/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; P01-DK20543/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*metabolism ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Fats/administration &amp; dosage ; Dietary Fiber/administration &amp; dosage ; Energy Intake ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minerals/*metabolism ; Osteoporosis/etiology ; Random Allocation ; },
abstract = {Transient hypercalciuria has been noted after high carbohydrate meals which is independent of dietary calcium and is probably due to impaired renal calcium reabsorption mediated by an increase in plasma insulin levels. Based on these observations, some investigators believe that long term intake of high carbohydrate diets may increase the risk of nephrolithiasis and possibly osteoporosis. Using a randomized cross-over design, we compared high carbohydrate diets (60% carbohydrate and 25% fat) with high fat diets (50% fat and 35% carbohydrate) for effects on metabolism of calcium and other minerals in eight normal subjects and eight euglycemic patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. All other dietary constituents, such as protein, fiber, fluid, minerals (including Ca, Mg, Na, K, and P), and caffeine intake, were kept constant. Despite higher daylong levels of plasma insulin on the high carbohydrate diets compared to the high fat diet in both normal and noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects, no changes in daily urinary excretion of calcium or other constituents, associated with renal stone risk, were observed. Furthermore, there was no change in fractional intestinal 47Ca absorption. Although hypercalciuria may ensue transiently after high carbohydrate meals, we conclude that substitution of simple or complex carbohydrates for fats in an isocaloric manner for a longer duration does not result in significant urinary calcium loss, and therefore, high intakes of digestible carbohydrates may not increase the risk of nephrolithiasis or osteoporosis via this mechanism.},
}
@article {pmid2156368,
year = {1990},
author = {Gleeson, MJ and Thompson, AS and Mehta, S and Griffith, DP},
title = {Effect of unprocessed wheat bran on calciuria and oxaluria in patients with urolithiasis.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {231-234},
doi = {10.1016/0090-4295(90)80038-o},
pmid = {2156368},
issn = {0090-4295},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Citrates/therapeutic use ; Citric Acid ; Dietary Fiber/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/therapeutic use ; Hyperoxaluria/*diet therapy ; Kidney Calculi/*diet therapy/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Triticum ; },
abstract = {Seventeen hypercalciuria patients (8 control, 9 treatment) with a history of urolithiasis were randomly selected to receive low-calcium, low-oxalate diets with or without the addition of 30 g of dietary fiber as unprocessed wheat bran. Diet alone resulted in a 5.6 percent decrease in calciuria compared with a 23.5 percent decrease with the addition of the fiber. The addition of hydrochlorothiazide and potassium citrate further reduced calciuria by 40.4 percent and 34.5 percent, respectively. Oxaluria was decreased 21.4 percent by diet alone compared with 3.9 percent in the diet and fiber treatment group. Patient compliance to diets was good, and no complications resulted from fiber intake.},
}
@article {pmid2324595,
year = {1990},
author = {Hirose, T and Ozawa, T and Nakaya, N and Itsushima, Y and Fujita, T},
title = {[A case of type II Bartter syndrome with prominent bilateral kidney calculi].},
journal = {Nihon Naika Gakkai zasshi. The Journal of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine},
volume = {79},
number = {1},
pages = {106-107},
pmid = {2324595},
issn = {0021-5384},
mesh = {Adult ; Bartter Syndrome/*complications/diagnosis/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism/*complications ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*etiology ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism ; Loop of Henle/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid2328745,
year = {1990},
author = {Hosking, DJ and Stone, MD and Foote, JW},
title = {Potentiation of calcitonin by corticosteroids during the treatment of the hypercalcaemia of malignancy.},
journal = {European journal of clinical pharmacology},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {37-41},
pmid = {2328745},
issn = {0031-6970},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcitonin/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Dexamethasone/*therapeutic use ; Drug Synergism ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/*complications ; Prednisolone/*therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Some patients treated for the hypercalcaemia of malignancy develop renal tubular resistance to the effects of calcitonin which is independent of concurrent changes in sodium excretion. This type of resistance can be overcome by the addition of corticosteroids. In other patients apparent renal resistance to calcitonin is a consequence of reduced sodium excretion and is unaffected by corticosteroids.},
}
@article {pmid2306555,
year = {1990},
author = {Kohri, K and Kodama, M and Umekawa, T and Ishikawa, Y and Katayama, Y and Takada, M and Katoh, Y and Kataoka, K and Iguchi, M and Kurita, T},
title = {Calcium oxalate crystal formation in patients with hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism and related metabolic disturbances.},
journal = {Bone and mineral},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {59-67},
doi = {10.1016/0169-6009(91)90141-l},
pmid = {2306555},
issn = {0169-6009},
mesh = {Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/blood/complications/*urine ; Hyperthyroidism/blood/complications/*urine ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
abstract = {The crystallization of calcium oxalate in the urine of patients with hyperparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism was studied using a mixed suspension mixed product removal (MSMPR) system. In addition, calcium metabolism in hyperthyroidism and its relationship to urolithiasis was investigated. The urines from all the three groups (normal subjects, hyperparathyroid and hyperthyroid patients) showed reduced nucleation rates and increased growth rates in comparison with the control synthetic urine. The nucleation rate was not significantly different between the three human urine groups, while the growth rate was significantly higher in the hyperparathyroid group compared to the normal and hyperthyroid groups. Crystal volume (suspension density) in the hyperparathyroid group was approximately twice that in the other two groups. Serum and ionized calcium levels in hyperparathyroid patients were higher than in normal subjects, while hyperthyroid patients had levels only slightly higher than those in normal subjects. The hyperparathyroid and hyperthyroid groups differed significantly from the normal group in urinary calcium excretion. These two groups also showed significantly higher levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline than did the normal group. Although hyperthyroid patients have a calcium metabolism similar to hyperparathyroid patients, the incidence of urolithiasis is no different between hyperthyroid and normal subjects. The results of both crystallization and calcium metabolism in hyperparathyroid patients were not significantly different between those with and without urolithiasis. The result of crystallization was also not significantly different between hyperparathyroid patients with and without hypercalciuria. This study suggests that hypercalciuria alone does not produce urinary stones and that urine from hyperparathyroid patients may contain promotors of calcium oxalate crystallization and calcium stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid2304317,
year = {1990},
author = {Katayama, Y and Umekawa, T and Ishikawa, Y and Kodama, M and Takada, M and Katoh, Y and Kataoka, K and Kohri, K and Iguchi, M and Kurita, T},
title = {[Calcium urolithiasis and bone change].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {81},
number = {1},
pages = {89-95},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1989.81.89},
pmid = {2304317},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Absorptiometry, Photon/methods ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Benzothiadiazines ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/drug therapy/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Bone mineral contents of calcium urolithiasis patients (105 males and 52 females) were measured by the microdensitometry (MD) method, and the patients were divided into the MD normal group and the MD abnormal group. The patients were also divided into the group (21 males and 3 females) treated with thiazides for 1 year or more and the nontreated group to examine various factors in blood and urine. [Nontreated group] The rate of MD abnormality was higher in younger males. The rate tended to increase with age in females. Alkaline phosphatase values were significantly higher in MD abnormal group males than in MD normal group males. Urinary calcium excretion and PTH values were significantly higher in MD abnormal group females than in MD normal group females. Comparison of hypercalciuria and normocalciuria revealed no significant difference between the MD normal rate and the MD abnormal rate. Comparison of single of stone formers and recurrent stone formers also revealed no significant difference between the MD normal rate and the MD abnormal rate. [Treated group] PTH and alkaline phosphatase values were significantly higher in the treated group than in the nontreated group. Alkaline phosphatase values were significantly higher in the MD abnormal group. From the viewpoint of stone recurrence prevention, the monitoring of bones where the majority of calcium in the body is present is considered important besides behavior of calcium in blood and urine.},
}
@article {pmid2291248,
year = {1990},
author = {Ackermann, D},
title = {Prophylaxis in idiopathic calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {18 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {S37-40},
pmid = {2291248},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Urinary Calculi/diet therapy/drug therapy/*prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {The most important measure in the prophylaxis of idiopathic calcium urolithiasis is dietary advice. Patients should be kept to a high-fluid intake, increasing their diuresis by at least 0.51. The mineral content of drinking water seems to be of minor importance, but the liquid should be low in carbohydrates and oxalate. The intake of animal proteins should be reduced to no more than five meals with meat, fish or poultry per week. Excesses of oxalate-rich food must be avoided. The daily intake of calcium in dairy products should be in the range of 800-1200 mg. Sodium and refined carbohydrates should be moderately restricted. Medical treatment is indicated only in cases of recurrence under the appropriate diet. Selective treatment according to urinary chemical composition is favoured; alkali citrate, thiazides, allopurinol, and pyridoxine are of major interest.},
}
@article {pmid2284802,
year = {1990},
author = {Ivanov, I and Tsachev, K},
title = {[The effect of oral calcium loading on the serum concentrations and urinary excretion of uric acid in patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Vutreshni bolesti},
volume = {29},
number = {3},
pages = {64-68},
pmid = {2284802},
issn = {0506-2772},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Autoanalysis ; Calcium/*administration &amp; dosage/*urine ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Gout/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/etiology/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Uric Acid/analysis/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The authors have established that to higher calciuria in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis correspond higher vales of uric acid serum concentrations and urine excretion than in the controls. In the oral calcium tolerance test a significant correlation was found between the changes in the uric acid urine excretion and those in the diuresis. The following conclusions are put forward. I. In the patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and hypercalcinosis one should look for active impairment of uric acid metabolism which should be kept in mind when an antirecurrence treatment is planned. 2. The established parallel increase of uricosuria and calciuria in the oral calcium tolerance test means that to patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and gout a rich calcium diet should not be prescribed since it increases the risk of formation of calcium oxalate stones.},
}
@article {pmid2281659,
year = {1990},
author = {Tsachev, K and Ivanov, I},
title = {[The interrelationship between calcium and magnesium homeostasis and its significance for the relapse-prevention treatment of calcium nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Vutreshni bolesti},
volume = {29},
number = {4},
pages = {48-52},
pmid = {2281659},
issn = {0506-2772},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Female ; Homeostasis/drug effects/*physiology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Magnesium/analysis/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {The correlation between the renal excretion of calcium and magnesium after an overload with 1000 mg of calcium is studied. The significant interrelations between the calcium and magnesium urine excretion point that there are close interrelations between their active tubular transport in the kidneys. The significantly higher magnesuria and the tendency toward a low serum magnesium level in patients with renal hypercalciuria require to take into account the hypermagnesuria. The oral treatment with magnesium which was prescribed in the past indiscriminantly to all patients with relapsing calcium nephrolithiasis is necessary only for patient with renal hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid2241985,
year = {1990},
author = {Ravichandran, V and Selvam, R},
title = {Increased lipid peroxidation in kidney of vitamin B-6 deficient rats.},
journal = {Biochemistry international},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {599-605},
pmid = {2241985},
issn = {0158-5231},
mesh = {Animals ; Antioxidants/metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium/metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kidney/drug effects/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Lipid Metabolism ; *Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects ; Male ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency/complications/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Lipid peroxidation in kidney of rats fed with vitamin B-6 deficient diet for a period of 12 weeks was studied with pair-fed controls. The basal lipid peroxide level as well as the degree of susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in presence of promotors such as NADPH, ascorbate, t-butyl hydroperoxide, Fe2+, Cu2+ and oxalate, were increased in vitamin B-6 deficient kidney. The observed increased lipid peroxidation in vitamin B-6 deficient kidney was correlated with high levels of lipids, copper, iron, calcium and oxalate, low levels of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes and increased levels of hydroperoxides and hydroxyl radicals.},
}
@article {pmid2220031,
year = {1990},
author = {Suki, WN},
title = {Calcium and the kidney--from stones to molecules.},
journal = {Verhandelingen - Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van Belgie},
volume = {52},
number = {3},
pages = {203-21; discussion 221-3},
pmid = {2220031},
issn = {0302-6469},
mesh = {Biological Transport/drug effects ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Diuretics/pharmacology ; Extracellular Space/drug effects ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism/urine ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Mineralocorticoids/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Shortly after the introduction of the thiazide diuretics it was noted that they lower the excretion of Ca2+ in the urine, enough so that they were introduced for the therapy of hypercalciuria in calcareous stone formers. This observation prompted us to begin a series of investigations designed to better understand the handling of Ca2+ by the kidney in general, and the effects of diuretics on Ca2+ transport in particular. Since it was already known that the excretion of Ca2+ followed closely the excretion of Na+ we postulated that the effects of diuretics are related to the shrinkage of extracellular (ECF) volume which signals the kidney to enhance filtrate absorption particularly in the proximal tubule. This we supported with studies showing that calcium excretion will return to the original elevated level, inspite of continued administration of the diuretic, if a high salt intake were allowed. We also showed the opposite, namely that hypercalciuria can be produced by mineralocorticoid administration if liberal salt intake were allowed, and is prevented by salt restriction. This latter observation antedated the clinical observation that primary aldosteronism is accompanied by hypercalciuria. These studies clearly showed the importance of ECF volume in determining urinary excretion of Ca2+. The site of action in the nephron of volume changes was thought to be the proximal convoluted tubule. Volume expansion had already been shown to depress proximal tubular absorption of Ca2+. We carried out studies using in situ micropuncture and demonstrated that ECF volume depletion caused by thiazide diuretics results in enhanced absorption in the proximal tubule confirming the suspicion that changes in ECF volume were translated into reciprocal changes in proximal tubular absorption. Meanwhile we showed that a different group of diuretics, the high-ceiling diuretics, unlike the thiazides produce a major increase in Ca2+ excretion suggesting that they exert their effects at a different site in the nephron, namely the loop of Henle. These and many other studies dictated that we examine more directly the handling of Ca2+ by the kidney, and for that purpose we employed the technic of in vitro microperfusion of isolated renal tubule segments. In the S2 segment of the proximal convoluted tubule we were able to show that Ca2+ absorption was entirely passive, following the electrochemical gradient for calcium present in this segment (luminal PD positive, tubular fluid [Ca2+] greater than plasma [Ca2+]).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid2206876,
year = {1990},
author = {Stapleton, FB},
title = {What is the value of distinguishing pathophysiological subgroups and what is the appropriate duration of specific therapy in children with significant hypercalciuria?.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {28},
pmid = {2206876},
issn = {0931-041X},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/classification/complications/therapy/*urine ; Child ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid2197570,
year = {1990},
author = {Bataille, P and Fournier, A and el Esper, N and Westeel, PF},
title = {[Physiopathology of idiopathic calcium lithiasis].},
journal = {Nephrologie},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {29-42},
pmid = {2197570},
issn = {0250-4960},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*physiopathology ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {In this review article the various steps and local mechanisms of stone formations are summarized. Then the pathophysiology of the various risk factors namely urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, urine volume, urine pH and urinary inhibitors of stone formation is extensively discussed.},
}
@article {pmid2127591,
year = {1990},
author = {Kluka, V},
title = {Hypocitraturic and hypercalciuric renal tubular acidosis with nephrocalcinosis in a 4-year-old boy.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {413-417},
pmid = {2127591},
issn = {0301-1623},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/*complications/drug therapy/urine ; Antacids/therapeutic use ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications/urine ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Citrates/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Citric Acid ; Humans ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/*complications/drug therapy/urine ; },
abstract = {A 4-year-old boy suffering from hypocitraturic and hypercalciuric renal tubular acidosis with nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis is reported. Renal function tests indicated that the patient had type 1 renal tubular acidosis. Potassium citrate rather than potassium bicarbonate, sodium citrate or bicarbonate is the preferred treatment for stones in RTA-I.},
}
@article {pmid2119671,
year = {1990},
author = {Garancini, S and Roncari, G and Novario, R and Broggini, M and Bottà, V and Gianneo, E},
title = {[Study of intestinal absorption of calcium using 47Ca and whole body counter in renal calculosis with hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Annali italiani di medicina interna : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di medicina interna},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {48-52},
pmid = {2119671},
issn = {0393-9340},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Chloride/administration &amp; dosage ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Whole-Body Counting ; },
abstract = {Intestinal calcium absorption was studied using orally administered 47Ca and whole body counting. Using this method, we examined 82 patients suffering from recurrent calcium urolithiasis associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria, to evaluate the incidence of elevated intestinal absorption of this ion. An oral dose of 111 kBq (3 microCi) of 47Ca chloride, together with 250 mg of stable calcium as carrier, was given to each patient. Two hours and one week later, the total body radioactivity of each subject was measured. The retention of 47Ca, as percentage of the administered dose, was then calculated. The measurements were performed with a whole body counter consisting of a two-crystal moving system with shadow shield. Forty age-matched healthy volunteers were also examined. The whole body retention of 47Ca resulted significantly higher (p less than 0.0002) in the group of patients than in the control sample, whose m +/- SD was 22.0 +/- 6.0%. In particular, by defining the normality range as 10-34% (m +/- 2SD of control results), enhanced intestinal absorption of calcium was found in 28% of the examined patients. The use of this simple examination seems to be helpful in the physiopathologic assessment of subjects suffering from calcium urolithiasis and idiopathic hypercalciuria and consequently, in their appropriate management.},
}
@article {pmid1963285,
year = {1990},
author = {Sakly, R and Hdhili, A and Zarrouk, K and Mbazaa, A},
title = {[The effect of the administration of a high dose of vitamin D3 on calculus formation in rats].},
journal = {Annales d'urologie},
volume = {24},
number = {7},
pages = {539-543},
pmid = {1963285},
issn = {0003-4401},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Cholecalciferol/administration &amp; dosage/*pharmacology ; Creatinine/urine ; Kidney/drug effects/metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*chemically induced ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/*chemically induced ; Oxalates/urine ; Oxalic Acid ; Phosphates/metabolism/urine ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {Administration of high doses of vitamin D3 (2,600 IU/100 ml of drinking water) to adult rats, for one month, significantly altered renal function (P less than 0.01) and enhanced renal accumulation of oxalate (71.44 x 18.82 micrograms/g of tissue in treated rats vs 38.87 +/- 11.96 micrograms/g in untreated rats; P less than 0.001), phosphate (1.388 +/- 188 micrograms/g in treated rats vs 870 +/- 171 micrograms/g in untreated rats; P less than 0.01) and calcium (477 +/- 107 micrograms/g in treated rats vs 326 +/- 104 micrograms/g in untreated rats; P less than 0.01). Urinary analyses of principal promotors and inhibitors of lithogenesis revealed high calcium excretion (1,576 +/- 0.419 mg/24 hr in treated rats vs 0.969 +/- 0.214 mg/24 hr in untreated rats; p less than 0.01) and decreased magnesium excretion (0.330 +/- 0.135 mg/24 hr in treated rats vs 0.910 +/- 0.168 mg/24 hr in untreated rats; p less than 0.001). Microscopic calcium deposits were found in the medulla, especially in renal papilla. These results suggested that vitamin D3, when administered at high doses for a long time, may induce nephrocalcinosis and alter renal function.},
}
@article {pmid1962875,
year = {1990},
author = {Canalini, AF and Aguinaga, SD},
title = {[Medical treatment of urinary lithiasis].},
journal = {AMB : revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira},
volume = {36},
number = {1},
pages = {2-4},
pmid = {1962875},
issn = {0102-843X},
mesh = {Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diet ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/drug therapy/etiology/*therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid2532359,
year = {1989},
author = {Todd, RD and Khurana, TS and Sajovic, P and Stone, KR and O'Malley, KL},
title = {Cloning of ligand-specific cell lines via gene transfer: identification of a D2 dopamine receptor subtype.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {86},
number = {24},
pages = {10134-10138},
pmid = {2532359},
issn = {0027-8424},
support = {MH31302/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; MH45019/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Base Sequence ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Clone Cells ; DNA/genetics ; *Genes ; Genomic Library ; Kinetics ; L Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Rats ; Receptors, Dopamine/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Restriction Mapping ; Spiperone ; Thymidine Kinase/genetics ; *Transfection ; },
abstract = {Using rat genomic DNA, we have established a transfected mouse fibroblast cell line that expresses a spiperone binding site with the pharmacological characteristics of a D2 dopamine receptor. The expressed D2 receptors are the product of a gene that is distinct from that reported by Bunzow et al. [Bunzow, J. R., Van Tol, H. H. M., Granoly, D. K., Albert, P., Salon, J., Christie, M., Machida, C. A., Neve, K. A. &amp; Civelli, O. (1988) Nature (London) 336, 783-787]. Flow cytometry with the Ca2+-sensitive dye indo-1 demonstrated that activation of the expressed D2 sites resulted in increases in intracellular calcium that were dependent on the influx of external Ca2+. These general cloning procedures should be applicable to the production of cell lines expressing a variety of genes for which only functional assays are available.},
}
@article {pmid2607788,
year = {1989},
author = {Riancho, JA and Pesquera, C and Amado, JA and Otero, M and Freijanes, J and Napal, J and González Macías, J},
title = {[Effect of active metabolites of vitamin D on manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Medicina clinica},
volume = {93},
number = {10},
pages = {361-364},
pmid = {2607788},
issn = {0025-7753},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/blood ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Humans ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Hyperparathyroidism/*blood/physiopathology/urine ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {We have evaluated the serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1.25-OHD) in 33 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and normal renal function, relating them with the clinical expression of the disease and other biochemical parameters. The level of 1.25-OHD of the patients was significantly higher than in healthy controls [51 +/- 18 vs 36 +/- 10 pg/ml (122 +/- 43 vs 86 +/- 24 pmol/l), p less than 0.001], although it was higher than the upper limit of the normal range in only 36% of patients. By contrast, the level of 25-OHD was diminished [11.0 +/- 6.3 ng/ml (27.5 +/- 15.7 nmol/l) in the patients and 19.9 +/- 10.5 ng/ml (49.7 +/- 26.2 nmol/l) in the controls, p less than 0.01]. A positive correlation was found between PTH and 1.25-OHD (r = 0.40, p less than 0.05) and a negative one between PTH and 25-OHD (r = -0.40, p less than 0.05). Calcemia was correlated with PTH (r = 0.77, less than p 0.001) but not with 1.25-OHD (partial r = 0.22). There was no correlation between vitamin D metabolites and calciuria, nor between the former and the biochemical indexes of bone remodelling. There were no significant biochemical differences between patients with renal calculi and those without them. It was concluded that PTH level appears as the major determinant factor of 1.25-OHD serum level. The serum level of vitamin D metabolites does not seem to clearly influence calcemia, calciuria, bone remodelling or the development of calculi.},
}
@article {pmid2552183,
year = {1989},
author = {Tizzani, A and Casetta, G and Piana, P and Vercelli, D},
title = {Wheat bran in the selective therapy of absorptive hypercalciuria: a study performed on 18 lithiasic patients.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {142},
number = {4},
pages = {1018-1020},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38973-5},
pmid = {2552183},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Absorption ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; *Dietary Fiber ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Phosphates/urine ; Time Factors ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinary Calculi/blood/diet therapy/*urine ; },
abstract = {The binding properties of raw vegetable fiber towards bivalent cations suggested the prescription of brain as a dietary supplement to limit intestinal calcium absorption in hypercalciuric patients. A group of 18 patients with a specific diagnosis of absorptive hypercalciuria received a dietary supplement of 14 gm. wheat bran at the 2 principal meals for 90 days. A complete assessment of mineral metabolism was performed after 45 and 90 days. Mean basal calciuria was 357 mg. per 24 hours and a significant decrease was noted after 45 days (245 mg. per 24 hours) and 90 days (240 mg. per 24 hours), with a p value of less than 0.01. Urinary oxalate did not vary significantly (0.34 to 0.38 to 0.31 mMol. per 24 hours) and neither did phosphate levels (1,020 to 900 to 893 mg. per 24 hours). A slight and pathologically insignificant decrease was noted in serum iron and urinary magnesium; this fact could be considered a side effect owing to the nonselective binding properties of fiber. Therefore, the positive results achieved confirm the effective action of wheat bran in the treatment of correctly diagnosed absorptive hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid2479760,
year = {1989},
author = {Stone, D and Darley-Usmar, V and Smith, DR and O'Leary, V},
title = {Hypoxia-reoxygenation induced increase in cellular Ca2+ in myocytes and perfused hearts: the role of mitochondria.},
journal = {Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology},
volume = {21},
number = {10},
pages = {963-973},
doi = {10.1016/0022-2828(89)90795-5},
pmid = {2479760},
issn = {0022-2828},
mesh = {Animals ; Antimycin A/pharmacology ; Biological Transport, Active/drug effects ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Digitonin/pharmacology ; Male ; Mitochondria, Heart/*physiology ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/*pathology ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Oxygen/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Ruthenium Red/pharmacology ; Sarcolemma/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Reoxygenation of isolated rat cardiac myocytes following a period of hypoxia and substrate deprivation resulted in a 1.5-2-fold increase in the total Ca2+ content which could be inhibited by 1 microM antimycin A or ruthenium red (50% inhibition at 2.5 microM). This increase in Ca2+ content was not accompanied by any release of creatine kinase into the medium. Treatment of reoxygenated cells with digitonin also resulted in an antimycin A-sensitive increase in Ca2+ but this was inhibited by a lower concentration of ruthenium red (50% inhibition at 0.25 microM) and was associated with a substantial release of creatine kinase from the cells. It is concluded that the reoxygenation-stimulated increase in Ca2+ is dependent on functioning mitochondria and does not occur as a result of physical damage to the sarcolemma. In a parallel series of experiments, the effects of antimycin A and ruthenium red on the reoxygenation-induced increase in Ca2+ and release of cytosolic contents in the perfused heart (the oxygen paradox) were also investigated. As was observed with the isolated myocytes, each of the compounds significantly reduced the magnitude of the Ca2+ increase that occurred on reoxygenation: the compounds also reduced the extent of release of cell contents in the perfused heart. The implications of these results for the series of events occurring on reoxygenation of the hypoxic myocardium are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid2570957,
year = {1989},
author = {Lindsjö, M and Fellström, B and Ljunghall, S and Wikström, B and Danielson, BG},
title = {Treatment of enteric hyperoxaluria with calcium-containing organic marine hydrocolloid.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {2},
number = {8665},
pages = {701-704},
doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90769-1},
pmid = {2570957},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/*therapeutic use/urine ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Colloids/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; Drug Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/complications/*drug therapy/metabolism/urine ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestinal Diseases/complications/*drug therapy/metabolism/urine ; *Intestine, Small ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/*metabolism/urine ; Pilot Projects ; Postoperative Complications/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism/urine ; Recurrence ; Tablets ; Time Factors ; Zinc/metabolism/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {An organic marine hydrocolloid (OMH) charged with calcium ('Ox-Absorb') was studied in vitro for oxalate binding and in patients with enteric hyperoxaluria to investigate oxalate excretion and the inhibitory activity on crystal formation of the urine. In-vitro experiments showed complete binding of oxalate to OMH. In clinical studies in nineteen patients with intestinal disorders and stone formation, urinary oxalate excretion was significantly lower during OMH treatment than off treatment. The activity product index of calcium oxalate was reduced on treatment. A pronounced rise in the inhibitory activity of urine was seen in two patients with very low pretreatment values. Most patients experienced virtual normalisation of bowel function, and in those with severe stone formation there was substantial clinical improvement. It is concluded that OMH has the capacity to bind oxalate in vitro and to reduce urinary oxalate excretion. These observations suggest a new promising treatment for enteric hyperoxaluria.},
}
@article {pmid2770533,
year = {1989},
author = {Nunziata, V and Giannattasio, R and di Giovanni, G and Corrado, MF and Galletti, F and Mancini, M},
title = {Altered kinetics of an intravenous calcium load in idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Metabolism: clinical and experimental},
volume = {38},
number = {9},
pages = {826-830},
doi = {10.1016/0026-0495(89)90227-8},
pmid = {2770533},
issn = {0026-0495},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacokinetics/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*urine ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; },
abstract = {Increased gut calcium absorption or reduced renal tubular calcium reabsorption have been alternatively reported in idiopathic hypercalciuria with kidney calculi. The present study aimed to investigate the handling of an exogenous calcium load in hypercalciuric stone formers to detect possible differences with regard to tissue calcium metabolism in vivo. A constant rate intravenous calcium infusion (0.2 mmol kg bodyweight per two hours) was carried out on six absorptives and six renals, defined according to the reported criteria, as well as on normal controls from clinical staff. Serum ionized calcium concentration were determined at regular intervals during the infusion and in the four hours after the end of calcium load. Over the same period, urinary calcium excretion was evaluated in timed urine collections. Absorptive and renal hypercalciurics had lower serum ionized calcium levels compared with normal controls at all experimental times, a finding that suggests a faster disappearance of calcium from the circulation. The total body calcium clearance calculated from the area under the curve of the serum calcium concentrations was enhanced in hypercalciuric patients (P less than .001). Although renal calcium excretion was higher in hypercalciurics, renal calcium clearance accounted for only a minor fraction of the total body clearance, suggesting that the reduced serum calcium levels found in the hypercalciurics could not be explained by the renal calcium leak. The enhanced total body calcium clearance found in hypercalciuric subjects is therefore due to an increased tissue calcium uptake. This finding provides indirect evidence of altered cell calcium handling in idiopathic hypercalciura with no difference between the so-called absorptives and renals in terms of the pathophysiologic mechanism.},
}
@article {pmid2768534,
year = {1989},
author = {Uyen, HM and van Dijk, LJ and Busscher, HJ},
title = {Adhesion of stainable, calcium-rich deposits on substrata with different surface free energies. An in vivo study in beagle dogs.},
journal = {Journal of clinical periodontology},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {393-397},
doi = {10.1111/j.1600-051x.1989.tb01666.x},
pmid = {2768534},
issn = {0303-6979},
mesh = {Adhesiveness ; Animals ; Anthraquinones ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Cattle ; Coloring Agents ; Dental Calculus/analysis/*metabolism ; Dental Enamel/metabolism ; *Dental Materials ; Dogs ; Glass ; Methylmethacrylates ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Surface Properties ; Time Factors ; Toothbrushing ; },
abstract = {Calculus plays an important role in chronic inflammatory periodontal disease and tooth loss. Patients can suffer from calculus formation despite good oral hygiene. The strength of adhesion between calculus and the enamel surface, though not determinant for the formation of calculus itself, determines whether calculus remains on the teeth during eating and toothbrushing. In this study, the amount and the strength of adhesion of calcium-rich deposits formed in vivo on different materials are related to substrate surface free energies (sfe). In 4 beagle dogs, fenestrated crowns were made on the upper fourth premolars. Smooth facings of glass (sfe 120 mJ.m-2), polished bovine enamel (sfe 85 mJ.m-2), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA sfe 56 mJ.m-2) and polytetafluorethylene (PTFE sfe 20 mJ.m-2) were inserted in the crowns for 1, 3, 7, 14 or 28 days. The amount of deposit was evaluated both gravimetrically and planimetrically using Alizarin Red S for staining. Adhesion of calcium-rich deposits was evaluated planimetrically by studying their removal in a brushing machine. Dry weight increased linearly with time (approximately 0.18 mg.cm-2 per day) and was slightly less on PTFE than on the other materials. After 1 to 3 days, staining already revealed a 100% coverage by calcium-rich deposits. The number of strokes required to reduce the planimetric scores by 63% was extremely small on PTFE and PMMA and related with substrate surface free energies. This study shows that a possible way to reduce calculus formation in vivo is to decrease the surface free energy of the enamel using appropriate surfactants in, e.g., toothpastes.},
}
@article {pmid2754557,
year = {1989},
author = {Fildes, RD},
title = {Hereditary xanthinuria with severe urolithiasis occurring in infancy as renal tubular acidosis and hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Journal of pediatrics},
volume = {115},
number = {2},
pages = {277-280},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-3476(89)80083-6},
pmid = {2754557},
issn = {0022-3476},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/*etiology ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors/*complications/genetics ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; Xanthines/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid2744727,
year = {1989},
author = {Knyrim, K and Vakil, N and Pfab, R and Classen, M},
title = {The effects of intraduodenal bile acid administration on biliary secretion of ionized calcium and carbonate in man.},
journal = {Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {134-142},
doi = {10.1002/hep.1840100203},
pmid = {2744727},
issn = {0270-9139},
mesh = {Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bicarbonates/metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/metabolism ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Cholic Acid ; Cholic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Deoxycholic Acid/*analogs &amp; derivatives ; Female ; Gallstones/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The importance of calcium in gallstone formation is increasingly recognized. Calcium carbonate is an important constituent of gallbladder stones and may be present in the nidus of cholesterol stones. Secondary deposition of calcium carbonate on the surface of cholesterol gallstones is an important reason for failure of oral bile acid dissolution therapy. We sought to determine the effects of bile acids on the crystallization conditions of calcium carbonate in bile. We studied 18 patients with choledocholithiasis with a percutaneous or endoscopically placed catheter high in the biliary tree. Samples of bile in the basal state and following replacement of the bile acid pool with cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid were analyzed for total calcium, ionized calcium, bicarbonate and carbonate, and the saturation index for calcium carbonate was calculated. Hepatic bile in the basal state was supersaturated with calcium carbonate. Total calcium concentrations rose linearly with rising bile acid concentrations but ionized calcium was maintained in a relatively narrow range. These data are consistent with an important role for bile acids in binding calcium. Extrapolation of the linear regressions between bile acid concentration and calcium concentrations suggested that in the absence of bile acids, biliary calcium concentrations are in passive equilibrium with plasma. Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid caused a bicarbonate-rich choleresis and significantly augmented the saturation index for calcium carbonate, whereas cholic acid caused no change. In contrast with animal models, the apparent choleretic activity of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid was similar, and no hyper-choleresis was observed with ursodeoxycholic acid. Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid therefore increase the thermodynamic possibility for calcium carbonate precipitation.},
}
@article {pmid2510663,
year = {1989},
author = {Fouquoire, B and Poncelet, P and Warembourg, A and Petetin, N and Debrueres, S and Carre, A},
title = {[Calcium intestinal absorption in normotensive and essential hypertensive subjects before and after nicardipine].},
journal = {Archives des maladies du coeur et des vaisseaux},
volume = {82},
number = {7},
pages = {1289-1291},
pmid = {2510663},
issn = {0003-9683},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/*metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nicardipine/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The part played by calcium in genesis of essential hypertension may be suspected. Yet, the whole of epidemiological research as well in the animal as in man is still not very convincing. The objective of such a research has been to appreciate the calcium intestinal absorption before and after nicardipine treatment in 11 subjects (5 M/6 F) aged between 32 and 82. The group is made up of 7 hypertensive patients (2 M/5 F) and 4 normotensive ones (3 M/1 F). Subjects showing bone disease, kidney insufficiency and stone in kidneys or under such a treatment as to interfere with calcium metabolism had been excluded. Dosage of calcium and phosphate, Na, K, aldosterone, in blood and urine and PTH and PRA in blood had been effectuated. Estimation of true calcium absorption has been made by double isotope deconvolution method. Blood pressure has been measured by semi-ambulatory monitoring method. Similar evaluation has been made after four weeks treatment (60 mg of nicardipine a day). Without any treatment, normotensive subjects have a lower intestinal absorption coefficient than the hypertensive ones, which is normal (non significative statistical results: NS). Under nicardipine, hypertensive patients seem to get lower intestinal absorption (NS); other clinical, biological parameters show no change, except a rise of apoprotein A after nicardipine treatment (P less than or equal to 0.05). So, the intestinal absorption of calcium would become higher in hypertensive subjects and diminished by calcium antagonist treatment.},
}
@article {pmid2552215,
year = {1989},
author = {Katoh, Y},
title = {[Influence of dietary animal protein on renal stone disease].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {80},
number = {6},
pages = {823-831},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1989.80.823},
pmid = {2552215},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Adult ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Citrates/urine ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Dietary Proteins/administration &amp; dosage/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {The effect of dietary protein load on the incidence of nephrolithiasis was studied in rats and men. Three groups of adult male Wister rats were fed with a standard protein diet, a high protein diet, or a low protein diet for 4 weeks. In the high protein group, calcium excretion was significantly increased and citrate excretion was remarkably decreased. This group also exhibited low grade metabolic acidosis due to catabolism of excess amino acids, and increases in urinary cyclic AMP excretion and bone resorption. These findings indicate that protein-induced hypercalciuria is due to low grade metabolic acidosis, which directly affects renal handling of calcium. Long-term calcium loss in the urine may lead to negative calcium balance and hyperfunction of the parathyroid gland may induce bone resorption. The influence of 40 g animal protein load on urinary risk factors of calcium stone formation was investigated in 23 healthy males and 26 patients with nephrolithiasis. All subjects were given control diets each day containing 60 g protein for a week and during the next week each received an additional 40 g animal protein. In the controls, added dietary protein resulted in decreased urinary citrate and increased urinary uric acid, with no change in urinary calcium or cyclic AMP excretion. In contrast, the patients showed increased urinary calcium and cyclic AMP as well as decreased urinary citrate. Further examination of the patients revealed that the significant increases of calcium and cyclic AMP excretion occurred only in hypercalciuric patients, who seemed to be classified into renal hypercalciuria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid2731760,
year = {1989},
author = {Neithercut, WD},
title = {Effect of calcium, magnesium and sodium ions on in vitro nucleation of human gall bladder bile.},
journal = {Gut},
volume = {30},
number = {5},
pages = {665-670},
pmid = {2731760},
issn = {0017-5749},
mesh = {Bile/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Sodium/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The effect of increasing the calcium, magnesium and sodium concentration in gall bladder bile samples from 21 patients with gall stones and nine controls on the in vitro rate of formation of cholesterol microcrystals and numbers of cholesterol microcrystals formed was examined. Addition of these cations to raise the mean maximum concentration of calcium ions to 19.8 mmol/l, of magnesium ions to 20 mmol/l and sodium ions to 998 mmol/l did not trigger nucleation in control bile samples or samples from patients with gall stones. Increasing the mean concentration of calcium ions to 8.6 mmol/l and of sodium to 320 mmol/l increased the numbers of cholesterol monohydrate crystals/0.1 mm3 counted by light polarisation phase contrast microscopy at the time of nucleation in samples from patients with gall stones from a median of 2 (range 1-10) in control portions to 18 (range 2-128) for calcium ions and 10 (range 2-141) for sodium ions (p less than 0.001). Calcium and magnesium ions were more effective than sodium ions, and calcium ions could increase crystal numbers at concentrations found in samples from patients with gall stones, median 4.6 mmol/l (range 2.7-16.9 mmol/l). The concentrations of calcium and magnesium present in bile may therefore influence the rate of development of gall stones.},
}
@article {pmid2926870,
year = {1989},
author = {Nutahara, K and Higashihara, E and Ishiii, Y and Niijima, T},
title = {Renal hypercalciuria and acidification defect in kidney stone patients.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {141},
number = {4},
pages = {813-818},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)41017-2},
pmid = {2926870},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/*urine ; Adult ; Ammonium Chloride ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*urine ; Male ; },
abstract = {Calcium metabolism and renal acidification ability were examined in renal stone patients. On a random diet 33 of 52 patients excreted more than 4 mg. per kg. body weight per day of urinary calcium and were entered into a second study on a 300 mg. calcium diet. Absorptive and renal hypercalciuria was differentiated by fasting urinary calcium (mg. per 100 ml. glomerular filtration). Every absorptive hypercalciuria patient tested and 5 renal hypercalciuria patients had a normal renal acidification ability, and the serum parathyroid hormone and urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels were normal. By calcium restriction urinary calcium decreased more in absorptive hypercalciuria than in renal hypercalciuria (2.48 +/- 0.14 versus 3.34 +/- 0.27 mg. per kg. body weight per day, p less than 0.05). However, urinary calcium remained high in 76 per cent of the patients with absorptive hypercalciuria. Nine patients had a defect in renal tubular acidification and the calcium metabolism was similar to those with renal hypercalciuria. Present studies show that renal hypercalciuria and renal tubular acidification defect cannot be differentiated without an ammonium chloride test.},
}
@article {pmid2720729,
year = {1989},
author = {Tuíková, J and Kocvara, R},
title = {[Adverse effects of drug metaphylaxis of urolithiasis].},
journal = {Casopis lekaru ceskych},
volume = {128},
number = {10},
pages = {299-302},
pmid = {2720729},
issn = {0008-7335},
mesh = {Allopurinol/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/drug therapy/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The authors examined 133 patients with urolithiasis, treated with hydrochlorothiazide and 81 patients treated with allopurinol. In those treated with hydrochlorothiazide the calciuria and Ca/creat. index declined, and uricaemia rose. After treatment uricosuria increased significantly in 41% patients. The detection of diabetes did not exceed the prevalence in the population. In patients treated with allopurinol the uricaemia and uricosuria declined, a hepatic disorder with supraliminal rise of ALT was recorded in 23% of the patients and led to discontinuation of treatment in 15% of the patients.},
}
@article {pmid2918617,
year = {1989},
author = {Wilson, DM},
title = {Clinical and laboratory approaches for evaluation of nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {141},
number = {3 Pt 2},
pages = {770-774},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)41006-8},
pmid = {2918617},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnosis/etiology/metabolism/therapy ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Recurrence ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
abstract = {A medical history and laboratory investigation of patients with recurrent stones serve as the cornerstone for preventive and therapeutic treatment. Identifiable risk factors can be discovered in 90 per cent of the patients. More sophisticated analyses of urinary supersaturation can be helpful in resistant cases.},
}
@article {pmid2918616,
year = {1989},
author = {Yendt, ER and Cohanim, M},
title = {Clinical and laboratory approaches for evaluation of nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {141},
number = {3 Pt 2},
pages = {764-769},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)41005-6},
pmid = {2918616},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Glycolates/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/etiology/*metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; },
abstract = {The initial part of this presentation deals with the sensitivity of tests commonly used in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. Total serum calcium levels often are normal in patients with small parathyroid adenomas but levels of serum ultrafilterable and/or ionized calcium usually are elevated in these patients. The recent introduction of improved radioimmunoassays for measurement of circulating parathyroid hormone has led to greatly improved sensitivity of this test for the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. However, measurement of total urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate, even when expressed as a function of glomerular filtration rate, is an extremely insensitive test in patients who have parathyroid adenomas weighing less than 1 gm. Consequently, this test no longer is used for diagnostic purposes in our laboratory. Data relating to the prevalence and causes of hyperoxaluria in patients with idiopathic calcium oxalate stones also are presented. Hyperoxaluria (more than 450 mumol. per 24 hours) was found in 21 of 99 consecutive untreated male patients. Approximately a third of the patients with high normal or increased urinary oxalate excretion also have increased urinary glycolate excretion, which is indicative of increased endogenous oxalate production. This metabolic abnormality was unresponsive to pyridoxine administration but preliminary findings suggest that it may be corrected by restricting dietary protein.},
}
@article {pmid2918615,
year = {1989},
author = {Broadus, AE},
title = {Primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {141},
number = {3 Pt 2},
pages = {723-730},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)40995-5},
pmid = {2918615},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {Hyperparathyroidism was described initially in the mid 1920s in patients suffering from a rare and severe form of bone disease, osteitis fibrosa cystica. In the 1940s and 1950s renal stone disease was recognized as a far more frequent complication of primary hyperparathyroidism than bone disease, and approximately half of the patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in clinical series published through the 1970s presented with renal stones. The introduction of routine determination of serum calcium concentration in the mid 1970s has had a dramatic impact on the frequency with which primary hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed in the population, particularly in older individuals with predominantly nonspecific symptoms of the disease. Stone complications appear to occur in less than 10 per cent of such patients. Underlying primary hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed in approximately 1 to 5 per cent of the patients with calcium stone disease. The predominant risk factor for stone formation in primary hyperparathyroidism is hypercalciuria, and patients typically present with moderate to marked hypercalciuria but with only mild hypercalcemia, in the range of 11 mg. per dl. or less. Hypercalciuria in these patients is principally the result of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-mediated hyperabsorption of calcium from the intestine. The pattern of hypercalciuria disproportionate to the degree of hypercalcemia that typifies patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and stone disease reaches an extreme degree in patients with so-called subtle or normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism, in whom diagnosis by routine techniques may be difficult. Parathyroid exploration remains the treatment of choice in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and stone complications.},
}
@article {pmid2645436,
year = {1989},
author = {Preminger, GM},
title = {The metabolic evaluation of patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis: a review of comprehensive and simplified approaches.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {141},
number = {3 Pt 2},
pages = {760-763},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)41004-4},
pmid = {2645436},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/classification/diagnosis/*metabolism ; Methods ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; },
abstract = {The advent of percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has definitely altered the way in which symptomatic renal calculi are approached. However, these new techniques should not affect the need for appropriate diagnostic evaluation and institution of medical treatment for the prevention of recurrent nephrolithiasis. A diagnostic evaluation should identify underlying physiological and environmental defects responsible for stone formation, as well as identify specific medical disorders that cause recurrent stone formation. With this information one then can construct an appropriate treatment program that will prevent the occurrence of additional calculi. Comprehensive metabolic protocols have evolved from tedious inpatient procedures to more convenient outpatient tests that can be performed in approximately 2 weeks. In addition, the advent of automated urinalysis packages has allowed many physicians access to reliable, sophisticated technology. Further dissemination of these simplified metabolic protocols will enable more accurate diagnosis of recurrent stone disease and, hopefully, permit the institution of appropriate medical therapy by a wider group of treating physicians.},
}
@article {pmid2645430,
year = {1989},
author = {Favus, MJ},
title = {Familial forms of hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {141},
number = {3 Pt 2},
pages = {719-722},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)40994-3},
pmid = {2645430},
issn = {0022-5347},
support = {DK33949/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Calcitriol/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/genetics ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Pedigree ; Rats ; },
abstract = {The pathogenesis of calcium oxalate stone formation in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria remains incompletely understood. Several lines of evidence suggest that inherited abnormalities of mineral metabolism may contribute to stone formation, including high frequency of calcium stone disease and hypercalciuria in first degree relatives of stone formers, similar phenotypic expression of hypercalciuria of the absorptive variety in several members of an affected kindred, and breeding of male and female hypercalciuric rats increases the magnitude and frequency of hypercalciuria among offspring. The causes of hypercalciuria are reviewed and possible molecular mechanisms are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid2645429,
year = {1989},
author = {Lemann, J and Gray, RW},
title = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {141},
number = {3 Pt 2},
pages = {715-718},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)40993-1},
pmid = {2645429},
issn = {0022-5347},
support = {DK-15089/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; DK-35980/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; RR-00058/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcitriol/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria, defined as the urinary excretion of more than 300 mg. calcium per day in men or more than 250 mg. calcium per day in women, or more than 4 mg. calcium per kg. per day, is observed in about 50 per cent of the patients with calcium oxalate/apatite nephrolithiasis and is one of the risk factors for stone formation. These patients do not exhibit hypercalcemia, elevated serum parathyroid hormone concentrations or urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate excretion nor clinical evidence of sarcoidosis, other granulomas or a malignancy. Hypophosphatemia may be present. Augmented rates of intestinal absorption of dietary calcium account for most of the increments in urinary calcium. Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations are in the upper normal range or elevated among many patients and are normal but not suppressed in the others. Activation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D formation may be secondary to hypophosphatemia or other, as yet undefined, factors. Since, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D apparently can up-regulate its own receptor, small increments in its synthesis and blood levels could amplify the effect of the hormone to stimulate intestinal calcium absorption. Calcium balances are slightly but significantly negative and urinary hydroxyproline excretion may be increased so that a generalized disorder of calcium homeostasis also involving bone may be present. Additional studies are required to determine the genetic basis for the occurrence of idiopathic hypercalciuria in families, the cause of greater expression of idiopathic hypercalciuria in men and whether environmental factors (high dietary sodium chloride, protein and purified carbohydrate intakes) contribute to the expression of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Although thiazide diuretics, inorganic phosphate, magnesium hydroxide and potassium citrate have provided effective therapy, prospective studies are needed to determine optimum therapy and the optimum duration of treatment.},
}
@article {pmid2916859,
year = {1989},
author = {Strichartz, SD and Abedin, MZ and Abdou, MS and Roslyn, JJ},
title = {The effects of amiloride on biliary calcium and cholesterol gallstone formation.},
journal = {Annals of surgery},
volume = {209},
number = {2},
pages = {152-156},
pmid = {2916859},
issn = {0003-4932},
mesh = {Absorption ; Administration, Oral ; Amiloride/administration &amp; dosage/blood/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Bile Acids and Salts/analysis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Gallstones/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Phospholipids/analysis ; Sciuridae ; },
abstract = {Recent studies indicate that gallbladder absorption increases during the early stages of experimentally-induced cholesterol gallstone formation. The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether pharmacologic inhibition of gallbladder ion transport and absorption reduces the incidence of experimentally-induced cholesterol gallstones. Prairie dogs were fed either a control chow or a 1.2% cholesterol-enriched chow for 15 days. One group of cholesterol-fed animals received saline via an orogastric tube; another group received amiloride, a drug known to inhibit in vitro ion transport in the prairie dog gallbladder. The incidence of gallstones in cholesterol-fed animals was reduced from 83% to 13% (p less than 0.025) when the animals were treated with amiloride; this occurred despite a cholesterol-saturation index comparable to that observed in gallstone animals. Additionally, although biliary calcium decreased in the gallbladder, hepatic bile did not in the amiloride-treated animals. These data provide further evidence that altered gallbladder absorption and increased biliary calcium are important factors in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones.},
}
@article {pmid2916178,
year = {1989},
author = {Nikkilä, MT and Saaristo, JJ and Koivula, TA},
title = {Clinical and biochemical features in primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Surgery},
volume = {105},
number = {2 Pt 1},
pages = {148-153},
pmid = {2916178},
issn = {0039-6060},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*diagnosis/metabolism/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/surgery ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
abstract = {Sixty-one consecutive patients were examined to determine the current mode of presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT). Of these patients, 37.7% were asymptomatic, and the initial indication of pHPT was hypercalcemia, which was found unexpectedly on biochemical screening of the serum in elderly patients. Hypertension was twice as common among patients with pHPT as in the general population (36.1%). The next most common presentations were urinary calculi (18%) and mental depression (18%). The most useful discriminant laboratory tests were serum calcium, phosphorus, chloride, and parathormone (PTH). The calculated coefficient of correlation of PTH to land weight was high (r = 0.571, p less than 0.001). There was very significant correlation between PTH and seriousness of bone disease (r = 0.620, p less than 0.001). After parathyroidectomy, 3.3% of patients remained hypercalcemic, 93% were normocalcemic, and 1.6% were hypocalcemic.},
}
@article {pmid2722135,
year = {1989},
author = {Nguyen, NU and Dumoulin, G and Wolf, JP and Berthelay, S},
title = {Urinary calcium and oxalate excretion during oral fructose or glucose load in man.},
journal = {Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {96-99},
doi = {10.1055/s-2007-1009160},
pmid = {2722135},
issn = {0018-5043},
mesh = {Adult ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Female ; Fructose/blood/*pharmacology ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Oxalates/blood/*urine ; },
abstract = {We studied urinary calcium and oxalate excretion in response to oral fructose load and to oral glucose load each on two different randomized mornings in twelve healthy subjects. Oral fructose load provoked an increase in calciuria and a decrease in oxaluria while oral glucose load induced an increase in both calciuria and oxaluria. These results suggested that in healthy subject, the decrease in oxaluria observed during fructose load reduced the product urinary [calcium] x [oxalate] which was the main factor in the genesis of urinary calcium oxalate stones while glucose load increased the risks of urolithiasis by means of the rise in both calciuria and oxaluria.},
}
@article {pmid2922580,
year = {1989},
author = {Lindsjö, M and Danielson, BG and Fellström, B and Ljunghall, S},
title = {Intestinal oxalate and calcium absorption in recurrent renal stone formers and healthy subjects.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {55-59},
doi = {10.1080/00365599.1989.11690431},
pmid = {2922580},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Female ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {The fractional intestinal absorption of oxalate and calcium was investigated by isotope techniques in 20 normal subjects and in 12 idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers. The greatest amount of 14C-oxalate was excreted during the first six hour period in controls as well as in stone formers. The stone formers had a greater intestinal uptake of oxalate (11 +/- 5.1%) than the controls (6.2 +/- 3.7%; p less than 0.01). There was no significant relationship between the fractional absorption of oxalate and the total urinary oxalate excretion. The stone formers also had a higher fractional uptake of calcium compared to the controls (55 +/- 11% vs. 47 +/- 9.1%; p less than 0.05). There was a positive relationship (r = 0.47) between the urinary excretions of calcium and oxalate in the stone formers. During these conditions no correlation could be demonstrated between the fractional absorptions of oxalate and calcium, neither in the stone formers nor in the controls. In conclusion, patients with recurrent formation of calcium oxalate containing stones appear to have an enhanced intestinal uptake of both oxalate and calcium. This disturbance could be of primary pathogenic importance for their stone forming propensity.},
}
@article {pmid2762347,
year = {1989},
author = {Buyan, N and Saatçi, O and Bakkaloğlu, A and Beşbaş, N},
title = {Familial idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Progress in clinical and biological research},
volume = {305},
number = {},
pages = {145-148},
pmid = {2762347},
issn = {0361-7742},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Urinary Calculi/genetics ; },
}
@article {pmid2741443,
year = {1989},
author = {Ivanov, I and Tsachev, K},
title = {[The effect of oral calcium loading on the serum magnesium concentration and its urinary excretion in patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria--differential diagnostic potentials].},
journal = {Vutreshni bolesti},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {65-70},
pmid = {2741443},
issn = {0506-2772},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Adult ; *Calcium/analysis/metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/analysis/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Magnesium/analysis/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; },
abstract = {The study deals with 13 healthy controls with normal basic indices for calcium-phosphorus metabolism and 25 patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and hypercalciuria, 13 of them with renal hypercalciuria and 12 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria. The oral calcium-tolerance test was carried out in all persons. The changes in the serum and urine calcium and magnesium concentrations following the calcium loading are recorder. A statistically significant increase of magnesium urine excretion was found in all persons examined, the highest being in the patients with renal hypercalciuria, considerably higher than in the healthy controls. The conclusion is reached that the magnesium urine excretion gives valuable information for the diagnosis of patients with renal hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid2710602,
year = {1989},
author = {Iur'eva, EA and Vozdvizhenskaia, ES and Alekseeva, NV and Simanina, LV and Balandina, EK},
title = {[Clinical aspects of metabolic nephropathies, interstitial nephritis and urolithiasis in calciphylaxis].},
journal = {Pediatriia},
volume = {},
number = {1},
pages = {42-48},
pmid = {2710602},
issn = {0031-403X},
mesh = {Calcinosis/*complications ; Calciphylaxis/*complications ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/etiology/*metabolism ; Nephritis, Interstitial/*etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The problem of abacterial nephropathies associated with impaired calcium metabolism is discussed from the standpoint of membranous pathology. The data are presented on the similarity of the calciphylaxis pathogenesis described for the first time by H. Selye to calcium nephrolithiasis. The disease is viewed as the result of pronounced modification of the phospholipid layer of cell membranes under the influence of peroxidation, phospholipase activity and other processes induced by calcium-regulating hormones (parathyroid hormone, D3 and calcitonin). It is assumed that the clinical manifestations of renal pathology during calciphylaxis depend on the hereditary and environmental factors that determine the gravity of membranous pathology of renal cells. Recommendations as to the treatment and prevention of renal pathology during calciphylaxis based on the results of the authors' own experience are given.},
}
@article {pmid2684799,
year = {1989},
author = {Darley-Usmar, VM and Stone, D and Smith, DR},
title = {Oxygen and reperfusion damage: an overview.},
journal = {Free radical research communications},
volume = {7},
number = {3-6},
pages = {247-254},
doi = {10.3109/10715768909087949},
pmid = {2684799},
issn = {8755-0199},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction/metabolism ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/etiology/*metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen/metabolism/*physiology ; },
abstract = {The ischaemic myocardium shows a number of distinct oxygen dependent responses to reperfusion. In the case of myocardial stunning and reperfusion arrhythmias there appears to be a beneficial effect of scavenging radicals in the extracellular space. This result is supported by the finding that free radicals can be detected extracellularly after reperfusion. The source of these oxidants and site of action is as yet unclear. In contrast hypoxic myocytes shown an oxygen dependent Ca2+ uptake on reoxygenation which is not affected by externally applied antioxidants. This Ca2+ uptake may in turn lead to the cell lysis characteristic of the oxygen paradox in the perfused heart. As yet there is no compelling evidence to suggest that this aspect of reperfusion damage is due to oxidative stress. It appears more likely that mitochondrial electron transport and ion movement play a central role. In the open chested dog model of ischaemia reperfusion, in which the volume of infarcted tissue is measured, considerable evidence suggests that oxidants derived from activated neutrophils contribute to cell death. This is not however the sole mechanism for cell damage in this model since an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, ruthenium red, can improve recovery after reperfusion. We conclude that a number of mechanisms may contribute to the observed oxygen dependent dysfunctions which occur on reperfusion of ischaemic tissue.},
}
@article {pmid2681327,
year = {1989},
author = {Pak, CY},
title = {Calcium metabolism.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Nutrition},
volume = {8 Suppl},
number = {},
pages = {46S-53S},
doi = {10.1080/07315724.1989.10737969},
pmid = {2681327},
issn = {0731-5724},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/physiology ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Research ; },
abstract = {In normal individuals, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D) levels regulate calcium (Ca) absorption according to Ca intake; its synthesis is stimulated by low Ca intake, probably via increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, to increase Ca absorption, and suppressed during high intake to reduce Ca absorption. The body also adapts Ca absorption in response to renal Ca excretion, and phosphate absorption in response to phosphate intake. These adaptations may fail or be impaired in certain diseases. In disorders of overadaptation, the intestinal tract absorbs excessive amounts of Ca due to overproduction of 1,25-D, as in absorptive hypercalciuria, sarcoidosis, primary hyperparathyroidism, and tumoral calcinosis. Intestinal hyperabsorption and hypercalciuria may occur on both low- and high-Ca diets. Primary hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism are bihormonal, related to over- and underproduction, respectively, of both 1,25-D and PTH. Underadaptation disorders are typically related to low 1,25-D synthesis or resistance to this metabolite; examples include postmenopausal osteoporosis, chronic renal failure, and osteomalacia. Many of these adaptational disorders can be relieved or improved by manipulating Ca, phosphate, sodium, or protein intake or by administering exogenous 1,25-D. Overabsorption of Ca and other substances, such as oxalate, may be responsible for Ca nephrolithiasis. Hypocitraturia (which may be a complication of certain diseases or the result of unbalanced diet or excessive exercise), diets high in readily metabolizable sugars and purine-rich proteins (meat, poultry, and fish), and low fluid intake can all contribute to stone formation. Various regimens may reduce the risk of Ca nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid2669121,
year = {1989},
author = {Lindsjö, M},
title = {Oxalate metabolism in renal stone disease with special reference to calcium metabolism and intestinal absorption.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum},
volume = {119},
number = {},
pages = {1-53},
pmid = {2669121},
issn = {0300-8886},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Colloids ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Jejunoileal Bypass ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/physiopathology ; Kinetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Oxalic Acid ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; },
abstract = {Hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria are common features of renal calcium stone disease. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationships between the intestinal absorption and the renal handling of oxalate and calcium in patients with idiopathic renal stone disease and in patients with enteric hyperoxaluria following jejunoileal bypass (JIB), in comparison with healthy controls. Hyperoxaluria was associated with a higher frequency of both stone episodes and stone operations than a lower urinary oxalate concentration. Patients with idiopathic stone disease showed increased intestinal uptake of both oxalate and calcium, which was probably of importance for their propensity to form calcium oxalate-containing stones. Hyperoxaluria in patients with JIB was found to be a result of hyperabsorption of oxalate, and these patients displayed altered oxalate kinetics with continued urinary excretion of orally administered 14C-oxalate for more than 48 hours. The prolonged excretion is assumed to be due to a prolonged absorption and/or an increased oxalate pool. Malabsorption of calcium and low fasting urinary calcium excretion in the JIB patients were associated with high tubular reabsorption of calcium, the latter presumably attributable to a compensatory increase in circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH). In most recurrent renal stone formers the urinary calcium concentration was increased, with an inverse relationship to serum PTH, indicating intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium. A subgroup of hypercalciuric patients showed increased urinary calcium due to reduced tubular reabsorption of calcium. It is suggested that this is a renal defect resulting in a compensatory rise in PTH. Two different mechanisms of similar prevalence might explain enhanced secretion of PTH in normocalcaemic stone disease, namely reduced calcium absorption and a renal defect in the form of reduced tubular reabsorption of calcium. Glycosaminoglycans efficiently inhibit calcium oxalate crystal growth by binding to the surface of calcium oxalate crystals. In this study the binding was dependent on ionic strength. Higher affinity to the crystals may be the reason why highly charged glycosaminoglycans were more efficient inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal growth. A calcium-containing organic marine hydrocolloid with the capacity to bind oxalate in vitro was shown to reduce enteric hyperoxaluria. In addition to biochemical effects considerable improvements in diarrhoeal symptoms were reported.},
}
@article {pmid2640202,
year = {1989},
author = {Kersztejn, M and Kuczera, M and Kokot, F},
title = {[Changes in aldosterone and cortisol secretion and serum thyroxine levels in patients with active urolithiasis].},
journal = {Endokrynologia Polska},
volume = {40},
number = {4},
pages = {181-187},
pmid = {2640202},
issn = {0423-104X},
mesh = {Adrenal Cortex/*metabolism ; Adult ; Aldosterone/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/*metabolism ; Hyperaldosteronism/etiology ; Hyperthyroxinemia/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thyroxine/*blood ; Urinary Calculi/*physiopathology ; },
abstract = {The changes in calcemia and calciuria levels following low calcium diet have been studied in 35 patients with active urolithiasis and in 20 healthy subjects. Blood serum concentrations of thyroxine, cortisol and aldosterone in basal conditions as well as cortisol and aldosterone following stimulation with synacten were determined in addition. The levels of calcemia and calciuria (2.56 +/- 0.015 mmol/l and 4.70 +/- 0.41 mmol/10 mmoles of creatinine, respectively) were found to be significantly higher in patients with active urolithiasis than in healthy subjects. In addition, in patients with urolithiasis the basal blood serum concentrations of thyroxine and aldosterone were significantly higher than in healthy subjects, while the reactivity of cortisol and aldosterone secretion to synacten stimulation was normal. The results obtained suggest the participation of the described hormonal aberrations in the pathogenesis of active urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid2592778,
year = {1989},
author = {Paillard, M},
title = {[Metabolic investigation of calcium renal lithiasis in adults and therapeutic advice].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie},
volume = {95},
number = {7},
pages = {387-392},
pmid = {2592778},
issn = {0248-0018},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/adverse effects ; Citrates/urine ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/complications ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism/therapy ; Risk Factors ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {The various lithogenic factors are analysed. In patients with calculi it is proposed that the following are systematically carried out: -- precise analysis of the calculus even if this contains calcium to separate oxalate calculi from phosphate and carbonate calculi; -- plasma calcium, phosphate and uric acid levels together with electrolytes; -- 24 hour urine samples, on a normal diet, for calcium, creatinine, protein, phosphate, oxalate and citrate levels. Depending on the results obtained, further biological investigations may be carried out or certain aspects of the history investigated in more detail. In fact, it is essentially dietary factors which enable prevention: adequate fluid intake and normalisation of calcium, protein and sodium in take in response to laboratory abnormalities. Drug therapy is only justified in patients with recurrent calculi.},
}
@article {pmid2548742,
year = {1989},
author = {Rees, DA and Charlton, J and Ataliotis, P and Woods, A and Stones, AJ and Bayley, SA},
title = {Myosin regulation and calcium transients in fibroblast shape change, attachment, and patching.},
journal = {Cell motility and the cytoskeleton},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {112-122},
doi = {10.1002/cm.970130206},
pmid = {2548742},
issn = {0886-1544},
mesh = {Animals ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Adhesion/drug effects ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; Fibroblasts/*cytology/drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Myosins/*metabolism ; Receptor Aggregation/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Following our study in Balb/c 3T3 cells and other cultured fibroblasts of the changes in myosin light chain phosphorylation associated with alterations in cell shape, attachment, and receptor patching, we have now determined the corresponding changes in cytoskeletal myosin distribution, and in the cellular calcium concentration, since this might, in part, mediate such responses. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that myosin assembly into ordered forms such as actomyosin bundles and myosin sheath almost always correlated with previously shown high phosphorylation levels of myosin regulatory light chain, whereas diffuse distributions usually correlated with low or undetectable levels. An exception was observed in treatment to alter cellular cAMP levels when, in a biphasic response, assembly was correlated inversely with the phosphorylation states shown previously. Fluorescent indicators for intracellular calcium concentration, [Ca++]i, showed that myosin disassembly by trypsin or EGTA acting externally on the cells was preceded by a transient increase in [Ca++]i. For EGTA this was associated with transient recruitment of myosin into dorsal sheath structure as well as the transient enhancement of phosphorylation shown earlier. Blockage of EGTA-induced disassembly could be achieved by azide, which also caused an immediate increase in [Ca++]i and inhibited its subsequent decline. Trypsin-induced dephosphorylation did not appear to involve an eventual reduction of [Ca++]i. Therefore, in many but not all of the systems studied, correlated changes were observed in myosin assembly, [Ca++]i, and the myosin phosphorylation levels shown earlier.},
}
@article {pmid3208491,
year = {1988},
author = {Henríquez-La Roche, C and Rodríguez-Iturbe, B and Herrera, J and Parra, G},
title = {Increased urinary excretion of prostaglandin E in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Clinical science (London, England : 1979)},
volume = {75},
number = {6},
pages = {581-587},
doi = {10.1042/cs0750581},
pmid = {3208491},
issn = {0143-5221},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostaglandins E/*urine ; Sodium/urine ; Urinary Calculi/physiopathology/urine ; Urodynamics ; },
abstract = {1. Because urinary prostaglandin excretion could play a role in idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH), we studied the excretion of prostaglandin E (PGE), calcium and sodium at various urine flows in 21 patients (14 males) with urolithiasis and IH, seven stone formers (five males) with normal calciuria and 20 controls (11 males). Dietary composition was comparable and sodium intake was restricted to 100-120 mmol/day. 2. Analyses were performed on 30 min urine collections obtained after overnight water deprivation and during water diuresis. Male IH patients had increased levels of urinary PGE at all ranges of urine flow. PGE excretion correlated directly with urine flow in patients and controls, but the slope of this relationship in individual IH male patients was steeper than in controls (P less than 0.01). Calciuria correlated directly with urine output in patients with IH but not in controls. Calcium and sodium excretion were directly correlated (P less than 0.0001) in patients and controls. There were no significant differences between absorptive IH (seven patients) and renal IH (eight patients). There were no significant differences between stone formers with normocalciuria and control subjects. 3. The findings suggest that increased urinary PGE could play a role in the hypercalciuria syndrome, possibly by promoting natriuresis.},
}
@article {pmid3182367,
year = {1988},
author = {Weir, MR},
title = {Atypical idiopathic hypercalciuria in an adolescent.},
journal = {Journal of adolescent health care : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {498-500},
doi = {10.1016/s0197-0070(88)80010-x},
pmid = {3182367},
issn = {0197-0070},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/diagnosis/genetics/*urine ; Hematuria/etiology ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/therapeutic use ; Male ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) in adults is recognized as a cause of urolithiasis. If IH is symptomatic, the symptoms are hematuria, renal colic, or obstructive uropathy with or without infection. In children, IH has been linked to the spectrum of urinary symptoms including hematuria, pyuria, dysuria, recurrent urinary infections, abdominal or suprapubic pain, proteinuria, and the frequency-urgency syndrome. Hematuria may appear prior to the appearance of stones, and thiazide therapy appears to prevent stone formation by decreasing urinary calcium excretion. This report describes an older adolescent with hematuria and flank pain. His urinary chemistry values were not consistently typical of IH, but a thiazide trial with withdrawal challenge was diagnostic. His case is remarkable because, though essentially an adult, his disease was typical of prepubertal disease. Adolescents with unexplained urinary symptoms should be evaluated for IH. The urinary calcium-creatinine ratio may not be elevated, and timed urinary calcium may be equivocal. In some cases a thiazide trial may be valuable and cost effective.},
}
@article {pmid3070899,
year = {1988},
author = {Reichel, H and Ritz, E},
title = {[New aspects of endocrine regulation of calcium metabolism].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {27},
number = {6},
pages = {329-335},
pmid = {3070899},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Calcitriol/*physiology ; Calcium/*blood ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*physiopathology ; Parathyroid Hormone/*physiology ; },
abstract = {The maintenance of circulating calcium levels within the narrow physiological range requires the action of two hormones, the polypeptide hormone parathyroid hormone and the steroid hormone 1-alpha-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. These two hormones act on bone, kidney and intestine to regulate calcium homeostasis. Disorders of mineral metabolism are frequently associated with abnormal regulation of the metabolism of parathyroid hormone or 1-alpha-25-dihydroxyvitamin.},
}
@article {pmid3070898,
year = {1988},
author = {Tschöpe, W and Knebel, L and Ritz, E},
title = {[New aspects of calcium metabolism in kidney calculus disease].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {27},
number = {6},
pages = {325-328},
pmid = {3070898},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary/*metabolism ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*urine ; },
abstract = {Recurrent calcium stone disease appears to be related to a high dietary intake of animal protein. The following mechanisms have been discussed to explain the relationship between dietary protein and calciuria: increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), increased rate of sulphate excretion, acidosis-induced increase in ionised serum calcium ("filtered load") and decrease in tubular reabsorption, and mobilisation of bone mineral. Protein also diminishes urinary citrate. However, it has not been established in controlled trials whether a reduced dietary intake of protein diminishes the recurrence rate of renal stones. Determination of the normal range of urinary calcium is dependent on numerous variables: size; GFR; age; excretion of Na, Mg and Pi; dietary intake of Ca and protein; season. Ideally, all these variables should be evaluated. In many patients with recurrent stone formation hypercalciuria will be found. There is a consensus of opinion that intestinal Ca absorption is increased, but elevated frequency of a renal Ca leak has not been established. For patient management discrimination between absorptive and resorptive hypercalciuria is important; a simple test that can be performed as an outpatient procedure is proposed in order to make this distinction.},
}
@article {pmid3192754,
year = {1988},
author = {Harrison, DJ and Inglis, JA and Tolley, DA},
title = {Percutaneous renal biopsy specimens in stone formers.},
journal = {Journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {41},
number = {9},
pages = {971-974},
pmid = {3192754},
issn = {0021-9746},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Basement Membrane/ultrastructure ; Biopsy, Needle/methods ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*ultrastructure ; Kidney Tubules/ultrastructure ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria/ultrastructure ; },
abstract = {A series of renal biopsy specimens taken at the time of percutaneous nephrolithotomy were investigated for the presence and location of foci of microcalcification. Calcium was found in 18 of 25 (72%) of biopsy specimens from stone formers and in only seven of 30 (23%) of control biopsy specimens. This may indicate defective intrarenal handling of calcium as plasma calcium concentration was normal and 40% had a raised 24 hour urinary calcium excretion.},
}
@article {pmid2853894,
year = {1988},
author = {Morawska, Z and Zwolińska, D and Berny, U and Makulska, I},
title = {[Urinary calculi in children].},
journal = {Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)},
volume = {41},
number = {17},
pages = {1147-1150},
pmid = {2853894},
issn = {0043-5147},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholecalciferol/administration &amp; dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Sex Factors ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid2840520,
year = {1988},
author = {Schwille, PO and Rümenapf, G and Wölfel, G and Köhler, R},
title = {Urinary pyrophosphate in patients with recurrent calcium urolithiasis and in healthy controls: a re-evaluation.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {140},
number = {2},
pages = {239-245},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)41573-4},
pmid = {2840520},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aging/urine ; Calcium/analysis ; Diphosphates/*urine ; Fasting ; Female ; Food ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Sex Factors ; Urinary Calculi/analysis/*urine ; },
abstract = {The excretion of inorganic pyrophosphate was studied in daily, fasting and postprandial urine specimens of normocalciuric and hypercalciuric patients with recurrent renal calcium stone disease (40 men and 40 women), and healthy controls (20 men and 20 women). Both populations were subdivided into younger (20 to 40 years old) and older (more than 40 years old) individuals. In general, there was a tendency towards higher urinary pyrophosphate excretion with increasing age (both sexes and all groups studied), and lower excretion in women than in men. The urinary pyrophosphate excretion rate was unchanged in daily and fasting urine specimens of the younger male normocalciuric and idiopathic hypercalciuric stone patients, whereas in the daily and postprandial urine of younger women the median excretion rate was reduced (controls versus normocalciuric plus idiopathic hypercalciuric subjects, 3 versus 1 mumol., p less than 0.05). In contrast, in older men urinary pyrophosphate was reduced in daily specimens (controls versus normocalciuric plus idiopathic hypercalciuric subjects, 55 versus 33 mumol., p less than 0.05) but it was unchanged in fasting urine specimens. In older women no change was detectable in any of the 3 urine portions. Factorization of urinary pyrophosphate for the associated urinary creatinine did not alter these results substantially, and the presence of renal stones did not modify pyrophosphate excretion significantly. Urinary pyrophosphate was correlated significantly with urinary volume, citrate and phosphorus. We conclude that only subclassification of stone patients with respect to sex, age and type of calciuria, and consideration of additional urine portions besides the daily urine may help to uncover states of urinary pyrophosphate deficit. On the basis of the data, we recommend that clinically relevant studies on inhibitory effects of urinary pyrophosphate on the nucleation and growth of crystals and stones should be done preferentially in urine portions with a proved pyrophosphate deficit.},
}
@article {pmid3388182,
year = {1988},
author = {Dawes, LG and Nahrwold, DL and Rege, RV},
title = {Increased total and free ionized calcium in a canine model of pigment gallstones.},
journal = {Surgery},
volume = {104},
number = {1},
pages = {86-90},
pmid = {3388182},
issn = {0039-6060},
mesh = {Animals ; Bile/analysis ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/*metabolism ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; Dietary Proteins ; Dogs ; Electrolytes/analysis ; Hematocrit ; Ions ; Methionine/deficiency ; Pigments, Biological/metabolism ; },
abstract = {It has been postulated that precipitation of calcium from bile is important in the formation and growth of pigment gallstones, since they contain large amounts of calcium. Therefore we studied biliary total calcium [(Ca]) and free ionized calcium [(Ca++]) concentrations in 12 dogs before and after 6 weeks of a methionine-deficient, high-cholesterol diet. In all dogs pigment gallstones and sludge formed while the animals were on the diet. Although gallbladder function--as assessed by biliary pH, total bile salt, and bile electrolyte concentrations--was minimally altered by the diet, both [Ca] and [Ca++] increased significantly, from 10.16 +/- 0.19 to 13.16 +/- 0.57 mmol/L and 3.02 +/- 0.07 to 3.76 +/- 0.17 mmol/L, respectively. The observed increases in calcium concentrations, and specifically in [Ca++], early during stone formation in this model would increase the likelihood that bile would become saturated with at least one calcium salt and support the hypothesis that calcium is important in pigment gallstone formation.},
}
@article {pmid3242188,
year = {1988},
author = {Buyan, N and Saatçi, U and Bakkaloğlu, A and Beşbaş, N},
title = {Familial idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Turkish journal of pediatrics},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {145-151},
pmid = {3242188},
issn = {0041-4301},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/epidemiology/*genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Male ; Turkey ; Urinary Calculi/epidemiology/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid3233026,
year = {1988},
author = {Ferretti, JL and Sarano, H and González, A and Dotta, A and Boccio, C and Premoli, JJ and Degiovanni, R and Palou, H and Sánchez, A},
title = {[Prevalence of metabolic disorders in 500 urolithiasis patients in the Argentinian littoral].},
journal = {Archivos espanoles de urologia},
volume = {41},
number = {6},
pages = {434-440},
pmid = {3233026},
issn = {0004-0614},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Argentina ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium Deficiency/complications ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases/*complications/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid3070796,
year = {1988},
author = {Linari, F and Bruno, M and Marangella, M},
title = {[The role of calcium in essential arterial hypertension].},
journal = {Minerva urologica e nefrologica = The Italian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {40},
number = {3},
pages = {201-205},
pmid = {3070796},
issn = {0393-2249},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/*physiology ; Calcium, Dietary/adverse effects ; Humans ; Hypertension/*etiology/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; },
}
@article {pmid3373603,
year = {1988},
author = {Harvey, JA and Pak, CY},
title = {Gouty diathesis and sarcoidosis in patient with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {139},
number = {6},
pages = {1287-1289},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)42895-3},
pmid = {3373603},
issn = {0022-5347},
support = {M01-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-DK20543/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01-AR16061/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Allopurinol/therapeutic use ; Calcium Oxalate/analysis ; Citrates/therapeutic use/urine ; Citric Acid ; Disease Susceptibility ; Gout/*complications/drug therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/analysis/*etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prednisone/therapeutic use ; Recurrence ; Sarcoidosis/*complications/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {We describe a patient who initially formed calcium-containing renal stones owing to gouty diathesis and hypocitraturia. On therapy with 300 mg. allopurinol and 60 mEq. potassium citrate daily serum uric acid decreased from 9.2 to 5.8 mg. per dl., urinary pH increased from less than 5.5 to 6.6 and urinary citrate increased from 223 to 1,005 mg. per day. Four months later while still on this medical regimen, the patient presented with hypercalcemia (13.4 mg. per dl.), high serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (65 pg. per ml.) and hypercalciuria (598 mg. per day), which subsequently were found to result from sarcoidosis. Prednisone therapy normalized the disturbances in calcium metabolism. During 33 months of combined treatment with 7.5 to 10 mg. prednisone a day, allopurinol and potassium citrate, the patient was free of stones and he had normal urinary calcium, pH and citrate. However, a calcium stone formed 1 month after discontinuation of prednisone therapy, although treatment with allopurinol and potassium citrate was continued. The patient had marked hypercalciuria of 447 to 465 mg. per day, despite normal urinary pH, citrate and uric acid. This case represents calcium stone formation in a patient with 2 separate etiologies for stone disease, that is gouty diathesis and sarcoidosis. Therapeutic regimens directed at the correction of both metabolic disturbances were required to control renal stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid3041776,
year = {1988},
author = {Matsuzaki, S},
title = {[A case report of milk of calcium in a renal calyceal diverticulum].},
journal = {Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica},
volume = {34},
number = {4},
pages = {661-664},
pmid = {3041776},
issn = {0018-1994},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Calices/*diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Pelvis/*diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {A 24-year-old male with epigastralgia was admitted to our Hospital because a kidney, ureter, bladder X-ray (KUB) revealed a right renal stone. The upright view revealed a crescent-shaped density with horizontal fluid level in the right kidney. With the patient supine the density was round. On retrograde pyelography the stone-like shadow was not enhanced. Since there were no symptoms nor evidence of renal disease other than the density within the right kidney, no treatment for the kidney was given. The patient is being followed in the urological clinic.},
}
@article {pmid3285142,
year = {1988},
author = {Driessens, FC and Verbeeck, RM},
title = {On the prevention and treatment of calcification disorders of old age.},
journal = {Medical hypotheses},
volume = {25},
number = {3},
pages = {131-137},
doi = {10.1016/0306-9877(88)90049-7},
pmid = {3285142},
issn = {0306-9877},
mesh = {Acid-Base Imbalance/metabolism ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; *Calcinosis/drug therapy/etiology/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Extracellular Space/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Magnesium Deficiency/metabolism ; },
abstract = {From several investigations it is known that magnesium oxide or hydroxide therapy causes a considerable delay of kidney stone recurrence in man. Further, it is known that the mortality of populations due to cardiovascular disease in areas with hard drinking water containing more magnesium and having a higher Mg/Ca ratio than soft water, is considerably lower than in soft water areas. In the present study a physiological model for the homeostasis of calcium and phosphate is given. It is shown that and why a slight magnesium deficiency causes the pH of bone extracellular fluid to decrease at or below the pH level of the other body fluids. This decrease makes the other body fluids supersaturated with octocalcium phosphate and this is the prime reason for calcification disorders in the soft tissues. Therefore, the hypothesis is proposed that soft tissue calcifications can be stopped and even prevented by magnesium therapy. However, they are not reversible and treatment with chelate therapy is contraindicated.},
}
@article {pmid3221602,
year = {1988},
author = {Sakamoto, W and Kawashima, H and Nishijima, T and Kishimoto, T and Maekawa, M},
title = {[A study of bone mineral content in patients with calcium urolithiasis by microdensitometry].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {79},
number = {3},
pages = {495-500},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1928.79.3_495},
pmid = {3221602},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Bone and Bones/*analysis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Densitometry/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minerals/*analysis ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid3127650,
year = {1988},
author = {Caruana, RJ and Buckalew, VM},
title = {The syndrome of distal (type 1) renal tubular acidosis. Clinical and laboratory findings in 58 cases.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {67},
number = {2},
pages = {84-99},
doi = {10.1097/00005792-198803000-00002},
pmid = {3127650},
issn = {0025-7974},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/etiology/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Adolescent ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Electrolytes/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; Kidney Glomerulus/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules, Distal/physiopathology ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/complications ; },
abstract = {The clinical and laboratory findings in 14 infants, 2 children and 42 adults with RTA-1 have been retrospectively analyzed and the patients classified as having the hereditary (14%), acquired (31%), or idiopathic (55%) form. In 7 of the 8 hereditary cases, RTA-1 appeared to be a complication of hereditary hypercalciuria. The majority of acquired cases (61%) were secondary to immune-mediated diseases. All of the 14 infants with RTA-1 were classified as idiopathic. All of the idiopathic cases in children and adults were associated with nephrolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis, 33% of which had a family history of nephrolithiasis. The 14 infants presented with failure to thrive. Seventy-seven percent of children and adults with RTA-1 had nephrolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis and usually presented with symptoms related to this problem. Adults without nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis usually presented with electrolyte disturbances or acidosis. Hypokalemia, the most common electrolyte disturbance, was present in 28% of the entire series. Acidosis was present in all infants and in 70% of children and adults. Clinically apparent bone disease was observed in 3 infants, and in 1 adult with nephrolithiasis. Glomerular function was normal in infants and in the 2 children, but depressed in 40% of adults. Recurrent urinary tract infection was a contributing factor but was not the sole cause of renal failure. Surprisingly, kidney stone number, the number of surgical procedures, and the presence of nephrocalcinosis had no apparent effect on the development of renal failure. Glomerular filtration rate was significantly higher in patients with incomplete RTA-1, and serum total CO2 was significantly correlated with creatinine clearance and minimum urinary pH. Hypercalciuria was present in 32% of patients with nephrolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis, and urinary citrate excretion was low in all of 16 patients in whom it was measured. Hypocitraturia appeared to be due in most cases to potassium depletion and renal failure, but may have occurred as a primary defect in 1 patient with hereditary RTA. Urinary uric acid excretion was elevated in 23% of patients with stones in whom it was measured. The mean number of stone-forming events was 51 +/- 14. Although a weak correlation between urinary calcium excretion and stone number was observed, the cause for prodigious stone formation could not be explained. This series emphasizes the variable degree to which the common clinical manifestations of RTA-1 (metabolic acidosis, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and potassium depletion) are expressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid2966347,
year = {1988},
author = {Bataille, P and Fournier, A},
title = {[The role of magnesium in calcium lithiasis].},
journal = {Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {301-303},
pmid = {2966347},
issn = {0755-4982},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Magnesium/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Magnesium Deficiency/metabolism ; Rats ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid3414077,
year = {1988},
author = {Ivanov, I and Milkov, V and Gruev, I},
title = {[Parathyroid function in recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and chronic kidney failure before and after oral calcium loading].},
journal = {Vutreshni bolesti},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {106-109},
pmid = {3414077},
issn = {0506-2772},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/complications/diagnosis/*physiopathology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnosis/etiology/*physiopathology ; Parathyroid Glands/*physiopathology ; Pyelonephritis/diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {A case is presented of a female patient with recurrent calcium renal calculosis, chronic calculous pyelonephritis and chronic renal failure II degree to whom an oral calcium tolerance test was performed. The data of the test are characteristic for parathyroid hyperfunction. The possible cause of these changed is discussed. The conclusion is reached that the oral calcium tolerance test is of differential diagnostic value in patients with initial renal failure, too.},
}
@article {pmid3265105,
year = {1988},
author = {Rico, H and Paramo, P and Pérez del Molino, J and Nacarino, L and Yagüe, M},
title = {Osteocalcin, parathormone and hypercalciuria.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {15},
number = {3-4},
pages = {239-242},
doi = {10.1159/000473443},
pmid = {3265105},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Osteocalcin ; Parathyroid Hormone/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Osteocalcin synthesis is dependent on the influence of the renal vitamin D metabolite, 1,25(OH)2D3. This metabolite is an etiological factor in some hypercalciurias, and osteocalcin may thus be a parameter for discovering them. In turn, parathormone, which stimulates 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis, is also implicated in the hypercalciurias. Mean molecular parathormone, osteocalcin, 24-hour calciuria and the calcium/creatinine and hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios were determined in urine samples obtained after a 12-hour fast from 18 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria and 11 patients with renal hypercalciuria out of a total of 62 patients with renal lithiasis. No changes were observed in osteocalcin or parathormone, indicating that neither is valid for the diagnosis of hypercalciuria. Significant differences were only found in the Ca/Cr ratio (p less than 0.001), which was higher (0.31 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.13 +/- 0.04 mg/mg) in renal hypercalciuria than in absorptive hypercalciuria. No changes in osteocalcin have been reported in the hypercalciurias, but variations in parathormone have been reported, therefore requiring further study and thought to understand the processes involved.},
}
@article {pmid3264644,
year = {1988},
author = {Milkov, V and Ivanov, I},
title = {[Serum osteocalcin level as a marker of the functional state of osteoblasts after oral calcium tolerance test].},
journal = {Vutreshni bolesti},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {101-106},
pmid = {3264644},
issn = {0506-2772},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoblasts/*metabolism ; Osteocalcin ; Osteoporosis/*diagnosis/pathology ; },
abstract = {The results are presented of an oral calcium tolerance test with 1,000 mg calcium in 20 patients with recurrent renal calcium calculosis, a woman with primary hyperparathyroidism and incipient renal failure (serum creatinine 1.8 mg%), creatinine clearance 55 ml/min) and 9 healthy persons as controls. The serum osteocalcin level was determined before and after the oral test. The results show that the serum osteocalcin level alone is of no differential diagnostic value for differentiation of the various types of hypercalciuria in patients with recurrent renal calcium calculosis. As a marker of osteoblasts functional state however the determination of serum osteocalcin level is of great importance for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. In 3 patients with renal hypercalciuria, often leading to general osteoporosis, an acute rise of serum osteocalcin level was found after the oral calcium tolerance test. High osteocalcin level was also found in the patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and incipient renal failure.},
}
@article {pmid3206213,
year = {1988},
author = {Hiblbauer, J and Base, J and Zita, K},
title = {[Metaphylaxis on the basis of outpatient metabolic tests in nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Sbornik vedeckych praci Lekarske fakulty Karlovy univerzity v Hradci Kralove. Supplementum},
volume = {31},
number = {3},
pages = {379-384},
pmid = {3206213},
issn = {0049-5522},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid2835848,
year = {1988},
author = {Higashihara, E and Nutahara, K and Niijima, T},
title = {Renal hypercalciuria and metabolic acidosis associated with medullary sponge kidney: effect of alkali therapy.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {95-100},
pmid = {2835848},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Acidosis/*complications/drug therapy ; Adult ; Bicarbonates/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/drug therapy ; Male ; Medullary Sponge Kidney/*complications ; Phosphates/blood ; Sodium/*therapeutic use ; Sodium Bicarbonate ; },
abstract = {Sixteen patients with medullary sponge kidney (MSK) and renal stones underwent evaluation of calcium metabolism and acid base balance. Six normal subjects and eight patients with non-MSK absorptive hypercalciuria served as control. Nine (56%) were hypercalciuric and seven (44%) were normocalciuric (N-MSK). Hypercalciuria was divided into absorptive (AH-MSK, n = 2) and renal leak hyerpcalciuria (RH-MSK, n = 7). The mean of minimal urine pH of RH-MSK group (5.28 +/- 0.09 (SE] was significantly higher than that of normal control (4.78 +/- 0.12) and of non-MSK AH (4.80 +/- 0.6) during acute acid challenge. The mean of the arterial blood HCO3 concentration of RH-MSK group was significantly lower than that of two control groups. The urine calcium and a frequency of stone passage were decreased significantly after alkali treatment in RH-MSK.},
}
@article {pmid2826524,
year = {1988},
author = {Breslau, NA and Brinkley, L and Hill, KD and Pak, CY},
title = {Relationship of animal protein-rich diet to kidney stone formation and calcium metabolism.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {66},
number = {1},
pages = {140-146},
doi = {10.1210/jcem-66-1-140},
pmid = {2826524},
issn = {0021-972X},
support = {MO1-RR-00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-AM20543/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01-AM26253/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Animals ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Crystallization ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Dietary Proteins/*adverse effects/pharmacology ; Eggs ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption/drug effects ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Oxalates/urine ; Oxalic Acid ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Risk Factors ; Sulfur/administration &amp; dosage ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urine ; Vegetables ; },
abstract = {We wished to determine whether different types of dietary protein might have different effects on calcium metabolism and on the propensity for renal stone formation. Fifteen young normal subjects were studied during three 12-day dietary periods during which their diet contained vegetable protein, vegetable and egg protein, or animal protein. While these three diets were constant with respect to Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, and quantity of protein, they had progressively higher sulfur contents. As the fixed acid content of the diets increased, urinary calcium excretion increased from 103 +/- 15 (+/- SEM) mg/day (2.6 +/- 0.4 mmol/day) on the vegetarian diet to 150 +/- 13 mg/day (3.7 +/- 0.3 mmol/day) on the animal protein diet (P less than 0.02). Despite the increased urinary calcium excretion, there was a modest reduction of urinary cAMP excretion and serum PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels consistent with acid-induced bone dissolution. There was no change in fractional intestinal 47Ca absorption. The inability to compensate for the animal protein-induced calciuric response may be a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. The animal protein-rich diet was associated with the highest excretion of undissociated uric acid due to the reduction in urinary pH. Moreover, citrate excretion was reduced because of the acid load. However, oxalate excretion was lower than during the vegetarian diet [26 +/- 1 mg/day (290 +/- 10 mumol/day) vs. 39 +/- 2 mg/day (430 +/- 20 mumol/day); P less than 0.02]. Urinary crystallization studies revealed that the animal protein diet, when its electrolyte composition and quantity of protein were kept the same as for the vegetarian diet, conferred an increased risk for uric acid stones, but, because of opposing factors, not for calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate stones.},
}
@article {pmid3692984,
year = {1987},
author = {Klausner, JS and O'Leary, TP and Osborne, CA},
title = {Calcium urolithiasis in two dogs with parathyroid adenomas.},
journal = {Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association},
volume = {191},
number = {11},
pages = {1423-1426},
pmid = {3692984},
issn = {0003-1488},
mesh = {Adenoma/complications/pathology/*veterinary ; Animals ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Dog Diseases/*pathology ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications/pathology/*veterinary ; Urinary Calculi/analysis/etiology/*veterinary ; },
abstract = {Primary hyperparathyroidism resulted in calcium urolith formation and calcium nephropathy in 2 dogs. Uroliths composed of calcium phosphate were surgically removed from the bladder of one dog 3 months after surgical removal of a parathyroid adenoma. Five years later, hypercalcemia and urolithiasis had not recurred. In a second dog, calcium oxalate renal and bladder uroliths remained unchanged in size at 11 months after removal of a parathyroid adenoma. The possibility of primary hyperparathyroidism should be considered in any dog with calcium urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid3332571,
year = {1987},
author = {Mallette, LE and Mechanick, JI},
title = {Heritable syndrome of pseudoxanthoma elasticum with abnormal phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {83},
number = {6},
pages = {1157-1162},
doi = {10.1016/0002-9343(87)90960-0},
pmid = {3332571},
issn = {0002-9343},
mesh = {Calcitriol/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Prednisone/therapeutic use ; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum/genetics/*metabolism ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Vitamin D/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {A patient with pseudoxanthoma elasticum was documented to be hyperphosphatemic and mildly hypercalcemic for six years. Complications included metastatic calcification, absorptive hypercalciuria, and renal insufficiency. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D value was elevated, despite normal serum parathyroid hormone values, high serum phosphate levels, and renal insufficiency. Either increased dietary calcium or prednisone seemed to suppress the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D value. Nephrolithiasis or abnormalities suggestive of pseudoxanthoma elasticum occurred in the patient's father, daughter, and several siblings, suggesting a distinct familial syndrome in which connective tissue changes are accompanied by abnormalities of phosphorus and vitamin D metabolism that may resemble those in the syndrome of familial tumoral calcinosis. Nine similar cases were described before 1970.},
}
@article {pmid2894426,
year = {1987},
author = {Long, CJ and Stone, TW},
title = {Adenosine reduces agonist-induced production of inositol phosphates in rat aorta.},
journal = {The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology},
volume = {39},
number = {12},
pages = {1010-1014},
doi = {10.1111/j.2042-7158.1987.tb03149.x},
pmid = {2894426},
issn = {0022-3573},
mesh = {Adenosine/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Digitonin/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Inositol Phosphates/*biosynthesis ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sugar Phosphates/*biosynthesis ; },
abstract = {In rat aortic strips rendered permeable with digitonin, inositol trisphosphate induced an efflux of 45Ca from the tissue. This release was not affected by adenosine. In tissues not treated with digitonin the contents of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and its metabolite inositol 1-phosphate (IP1) were significantly enhanced by noradrenaline in the lithium-treated rat aorta. Adenosine was without effect on levels of IP1 or IP3 in tissues which had not been pretreated with noradrenaline, however, the noradrenaline-enhanced tissue content of IP1 was reduced by adenosine in a dose-dependent manner. The reduction in IP1 content by adenosine was enhanced by the uptake blocker dipyridamole (10 microM) and was blocked by the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline (10 microM). Adenosine may therefore lower production of inositol phosphates and thus reduce the stimulated release of calcium from intracellular stores. It is proposed that a reduction in phosphatidylinositol turnover may play a role in adenosine-mediated relaxation of blood vessels.},
}
@article {pmid3271292,
year = {1987},
author = {Głuszek, J},
title = {[Evaluation of systemic magnesium reserves in patients with calcium-induced kidney calculi].},
journal = {Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej},
volume = {78},
number = {3},
pages = {130-138},
pmid = {3271292},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Magnesium Deficiency/complications/*metabolism ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate/physiology ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid3666061,
year = {1987},
author = {Schwille, PO and Rümenapf, G and Schmidtler, J and Köhler, R},
title = {Fasting and post-calcium load serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, in male idiopathic calcium urolithiasis--evidence for a basic disturbance in calcium metabolism.},
journal = {Experimental and clinical endocrinology},
volume = {90},
number = {1},
pages = {71-75},
doi = {10.1055/s-0029-1210674},
pmid = {3666061},
issn = {0232-7384},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcitonin/*blood ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Fasting ; Humans ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {In male healthy controls (n = 12), male renal calcium stone patients with either normocalciuria (NC; n = 12) or idiopathic hypercalciuria (I-HC; n = 12), all ideally matched for age and body weight, the response of variables of mineral metabolism to a calcium-rich oral test meal was evaluated. In all groups the postprandial urinary cyclic AMP is decreased as compared with fasting urine, indicating that the parathyroid glands are suppressible by oral calcium. However, in I-HC serum total calcium was significantly higher than in controls both basally and in the postprandial period; the associated mid-regional (bioinactive) serum parathyroid hormone was also elevated, but serum parathyroid hormone recognizing the amino terminal (bioactive) region of the molecule was significantly decreased. Also in I-HC, serum alkaline phosphatase is elevated, whereas urinary hydroxyproline in both fasting and postprandial urine is unchanged. The NC group holds an intermediate position between I-HC and controls. It can be concluded that I-HC subjects may suffer from a more basic disturbance of calcium metabolism which may help explain the nature of their hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid3505767,
year = {1987},
author = {Puche, RC and Carlomagno, AF and Gonzalez, A and Sanchez, A},
title = {A correlation and path coefficient analysis of components of calciuria in normal subjects and idiopathic stone formers.},
journal = {Bone and mineral},
volume = {2},
number = {5},
pages = {405-411},
pmid = {3505767},
issn = {0169-6009},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Citrates/urine ; Citric Acid ; Creatinine/urine ; Diuresis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/urine ; Regression Analysis ; Sodium/urine ; Sulfates/urine ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinary Calculi/*urine ; },
abstract = {The composition of 24 h urine samples collected by 50 normal controls and 76 stone formers (30 hypercalciurics, 13 hyperuricosurics and 33 patients without metabolic abnormalities) were studied. Statistically significant multiple regression equations were obtained between calciuria and the urinary excretions of sulfate, citrate, sodium and creatinine. The three former ions were selected as variables because they were assumed to affect the tubular fluid concentration of ionized calcium and interfere with the reabsorption of calcium. Urinary creatinine was included because it increased the statistical significance of the multiple regression equations; it is assumed to be a function of body size. The regression equations differed between both groups of subjects because stone formers excreted significantly more sulfate and less citrate than controls. The four factors considered (sulfate, citrate, sodium and creatinine) account for 28.3, 6.8, 7.3 and 26.4% of the total variation of calciuria of normal controls and 45.0, 2.6, 8.6 and 14.7%, respectively, for stone formers.},
}
@article {pmid3119883,
year = {1987},
author = {Niazi, MK and Khanum, A and Sheikh, MA and Naqvi, SA},
title = {Study of 25-hydroxy vitamin D3, calcium, phosphorus in normal subjects and patients with calculi.},
journal = {JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association},
volume = {37},
number = {8},
pages = {198-199},
pmid = {3119883},
issn = {0030-9982},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcifediol/*blood ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/blood/*metabolism/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid3648068,
year = {1987},
author = {Goldberg, MT},
title = {Calcium supplement--a reply.},
journal = {Journal of enterostomal therapy},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {179},
pmid = {3648068},
issn = {0270-1170},
mesh = {Calcium/adverse effects/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Ileostomy ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid3502503,
year = {1987},
author = {Heilberg, IP and Coelho, ST and Melo, ME and Schor, N},
title = {[Clinical treatment of renal lithiasis].},
journal = {AMB : revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira},
volume = {33},
number = {7-8},
pages = {164-168},
pmid = {3502503},
issn = {0102-843X},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/therapy ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Citrates/urine ; Diet ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/therapy ; Kidney Calculi/*therapy ; Magnesium Hydroxide/therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid2830679,
year = {1987},
author = {Tizzani, A and Casetta, G and Vercelli, D and Piana, P},
title = {[Dietary food fiber supplements in the treatment of absorptive calciuria].},
journal = {Minerva urologica e nefrologica = The Italian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {225-233},
pmid = {2830679},
issn = {0393-2249},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Dietary Fiber/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/urine ; Magnesium/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Phosphates/urine ; Triticum ; Uric Acid/urine ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid3295722,
year = {1987},
author = {Polinsky, MS and Kaiser, BA and Baluarte, HJ},
title = {Urolithiasis in childhood.},
journal = {Pediatric clinics of North America},
volume = {34},
number = {3},
pages = {683-710},
doi = {10.1016/s0031-3955(16)36262-9},
pmid = {3295722},
issn = {0031-3955},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria/complications ; Male ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors/complications ; Purines/metabolism ; Uric Acid/blood/urine ; Urinary Calculi/diagnosis/*epidemiology/metabolism/therapy ; },
abstract = {Urolithiasis occurs less frequently in children than it does in adults living in contemporary industrialized nations. However, renal calculi continue to be identified with greater frequency in certain children: those who live in some areas of North America (e.g., the Southeastern United States), in those with relatively common metabolic disorders such as idiopathic hypercalciuria or with congenital urinary tract malformations, and in patients who have remained immobilized for long periods. Evaluation of children with suspected urolithiasis should include a careful history and physical examination to identify associated symptoms and signs and factors known to predispose to calculus formation, appropriate radiographic and blood studies, and timed urine collections. Appropriate management varies with etiology but should include maintaining adequate fluid intake, and long-term monitoring of the activity of the stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid3107402,
year = {1987},
author = {Moore, EW and Verine, HJ},
title = {Pancreatic calcification and stone formation: a thermodynamic model of calcium in pancreatic juice.},
journal = {The American journal of physiology},
volume = {252},
number = {5 Pt 1},
pages = {G707-18},
doi = {10.1152/ajpgi.1987.252.5.G707},
pmid = {3107402},
issn = {0002-9513},
support = {AM-27104/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; AM-32130/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcinosis/*etiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Forecasting ; *Models, Biological ; Pancreatic Diseases/*etiology ; Pancreatic Juice/*metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; *Thermodynamics ; },
abstract = {CaCO3 is a major constituent of pancreatic stones, salivary stones, and many pigment gallstones. Elucidation of the physicochemical state of calcium is necessary for definition of calcium solubility in these systems. Pancreatic stones are observed in both humans and cattle, and are approximately 95% CaCO3 (calcite) in both species. Despite its importance, little is known about the physicochemical state of calcium in pancreatic juice. This paper presents an a priori model, based on established physicochemical principles, for the state of calcium in the juice at all levels of secretion. Two postulates of the model are the following: the limiting free [Ca2+] in the juice is governed by the solubility product (K' sp) for CaCO3; if K' sp is exceeded, the juice is supersaturated and precipitation of CaCO3 is thermodynamically possible; total calcium, [Ca], in the juice is the sum of four distinct species: free ionized calcium, Ca2+; calcium-bicarbonate complex, CaHCO3+; calcium carbonate ion-pair, CaCO3(0); and protein-bound calcium, CaProt. Overall equations of the model and graphical corollaries are presented. The model predicts an inverse hyperbolic relationship between [Ca2+] or [Ca] and [HCO3-]. Calcium solubility is maximal at low [HCO3-]; as [HCO3-] increases, both [Ca2+] and [Ca] decline to respective limiting values of approximately 0.015 and 0.15 mM. At low [HCO3-], most of [Ca] is present as Ca2+ and CaProt, whereas at high [HCO3-], most [Ca] is CaHCO3+ and CaCO3(0). Protein, HCO3-, and CO3(2-) ions are thus important buffers for Ca2+ in the juice. The model provides a quantitative framework for further elucidation of calcium lithogenicity in the pancreas, salivary gland, and biliary tract.},
}
@article {pmid3474498,
year = {1987},
author = {Brau, E},
title = {[Mineralization of bacterial plaques].},
journal = {Minerva stomatologica},
volume = {36},
number = {4},
pages = {221-230},
pmid = {3474498},
issn = {0026-4970},
mesh = {Bacteria/metabolism ; Bacterial Infections/metabolism/*microbiology/pathology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbonates/metabolism ; Dental Calculus/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Dental Plaque/metabolism/*microbiology/pathology ; Humans ; Phosphates/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid3027421,
year = {1987},
author = {Ogasawara, K and Van Reen, R and Ako, H},
title = {gamma-Carboxyglutamic acid, a component in human pediatric bladder stones containing calcium salts.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {137},
number = {2},
pages = {349-352},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)44021-3},
pmid = {3027421},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {1-Carboxyglutamic Acid/*analysis ; Calcium Oxalate/*analysis ; Child ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites/analysis ; Magnesium/analysis ; *Magnesium Compounds ; Male ; Phosphates/analysis ; Struvite ; Uric Acid/analysis ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/*analysis ; },
abstract = {The amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) has been previously detected in the vitamin K-requiring blood clotting factors, proteins of calcified vertebrate tissue, renal tissue, plasma protein C, ectopic calcifications, and calcium-containing renal calculi. This paper reports the presence of Gla in the EDTA-soluble, non-dialyzable material recovered from human pediatric bladder stones containing calcium salts. In bladder stones composed of calcium oxalate, uric acid and ammonium acid urate, 73 Gla residues per 1,000 amino acid residues were detected. Bladder stones composed of calcium oxalate, uric acid, ammonium acid urate, and hydroxyapatite contained 48 Gla residues per 1,000 amino acid residues present. No Gla was detected in the predominantly magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) bladder stones. These results with human bladder stones from children under 10 years of age are consistent with the observations from adult patients in which Gla was detected in the calcium-containing renal calculi but not in the non-calcium-containing renal calculi. The present study adds to the growing body of information concerning the possible role of Gla in normal and abnormal calcium metabolism.},
}
@article {pmid2949294,
year = {1987},
author = {Labeeuw, M and Pozet, N and Zech, P and Traeger, J},
title = {[Role of magnesium in the physiopathology and treatment of calcium renal lithiasis].},
journal = {Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983)},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {25-27},
pmid = {2949294},
issn = {0755-4982},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/etiology/*physiopathology/prevention &amp; control/urine ; Magnesium/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Magnesium Deficiency/complications ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {The inhibitory effect of magnesium on the first stages of renal calcium stone formation is modest in vitro and more pronounced in experimental in vivo studies. Magnesium deficiency has not yet been convincingly demonstrated in man. However, urinary magnesium concentrations are abnormally low in relation to urinary calcium concentrations in more than 25% of patients with kidney stones. A supplementary magnesium intake corrects this abnormality and prevents the recurrence of stones. Magnesium seems to be as effective against stone formation as diuretics. The modalities of magnesium therapy still have to be determined and its results to be confirmed. Magnesium, possibly added to drinking water, may well play a role in the primary prevention of renal calcium stones.},
}
@article {pmid3691118,
year = {1987},
author = {Copercini, B and Pecchini, F and Romano, C},
title = {Hyperphosphaturia associated with hypercalciuria in renal calcium stone patients.},
journal = {Contributions to nephrology},
volume = {58},
number = {},
pages = {152-155},
doi = {10.1159/000414506},
pmid = {3691118},
issn = {0302-5144},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/urine ; Creatinine/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*urine ; Phosphates/*urine ; Retrospective Studies ; },
}
@article {pmid3691116,
year = {1987},
author = {Broadus, AE and Burtis, WJ and Oren, DA and Sartori, L and Gay, L and Ellison, AF and Insogna, KL},
title = {Concerning the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Contributions to nephrology},
volume = {58},
number = {},
pages = {127-136},
doi = {10.1159/000414502},
pmid = {3691116},
issn = {0302-5144},
support = {AM 31998/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; RR 125/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*etiology/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Sodium, Dietary/adverse effects ; },
}
@article {pmid3691112,
year = {1987},
author = {Nunziata, V and Giannattasio, R and di Giovanni, G and Corrado, MF and Riccio, M},
title = {Altered calcium handling in idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Contributions to nephrology},
volume = {58},
number = {},
pages = {101-105},
doi = {10.1159/000414496},
pmid = {3691112},
issn = {0302-5144},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; },
}
@article {pmid3691110,
year = {1987},
author = {},
title = {Pathogenesis and treatment of nephrolithiasis. 3rd International Symposium on Recent Advances and Treatment of Nephrolithiasis. Turin, March 21-22, 1986.},
journal = {Contributions to nephrology},
volume = {58},
number = {},
pages = {1-298},
pmid = {3691110},
issn = {0302-5144},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid3617247,
year = {1987},
author = {Schwille, PO and Rümenapf, G and Köhler, R and Sörgel, F},
title = {Effects of acute oral sodium potassium citrate load in healthy males--outlook for treatment of patients with calcium-containing renal stones.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {81-88},
doi = {10.1159/000281860},
pmid = {3617247},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Citrates/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Citric Acid ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption/drug effects ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/*urine ; Oxalic Acid ; },
abstract = {The acute effects of a single (5 g) oral load of sodium potassium citrate (SPC), given together with a liquid test meal, were studied in 6 healthy male volunteers with respect to changes in serum citrate, blood acid base status, urine pH, citrate, calcium and minerals, and oxalate, as well as the calculated relative supersaturation of urine with several stone-forming phases, and the associated crystalluria. It was found that, apart from making the urine more alkaline, SPC induces mild compensated metabolic alkalosis, increases serum and urinary citrate, and reduces fractional urinary calcium excretion, but leaves urinary oxalate and the accompanying crystalluria unchanged. Except for the increase in urinary supersaturation with hydroxyapatite, the supersaturation of other important stone-forming constituents is statistically unchanged. In addition, there are indications that SPC reduces postprandial intestinal calcium absorption without affecting serum parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. It is concluded that there is a spectrum of acute effects of oral SPC that may warrant long-term trials on this medication in the metaphylaxis of calcium-containing urinary stones.},
}
@article {pmid3616500,
year = {1987},
author = {Berlin, T},
title = {Proposed criteria for identifying hyperabsorbers among normocalcaemic renal stone formers.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {103-107},
doi = {10.3109/00365598709180302},
pmid = {3616500},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Absorption ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Creatinine/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; Phosphates/urine ; },
abstract = {Normocalcaemic male stone formers (n = 138), 31-51 years of age, were divided into a hypercalciuric group (n = 80), with calcium excretions exceeding 7.0 mmol/24 h, and a normocalciuric group (n = 58), with calcium excretions of 7.0 mmol/24 h or less. The hypercalciuric group of patients was further subdivided using two previously published methods for identifying hyperabsorbers--one based on fasting urinary calcium/creatinine ratios and renal threshold phosphate concentrations, Jongen and the other method based on an oral calcium load test, Pak et al. The first method identified 37 patients and the second method 12 patients as hyperabsorbers. However, of the latter 12 patients only 8 were identified as hyperabsorbers using the first method of classification. It is thus evident that the two methods used for subclassification may give surprisingly different results. In order to obtain better congruence, the consequences of changing the defining limits in the two different methods were investigated. On the basis of the results obtained a new model for identification of hyperabsorbers is presented and discussed. With these new selection criteria (TmPO4/GFR greater than or equal to 0.75, urinary fasting molar calcium/creatinine ratio less than 0.40, and an increase in urinary molar calcium/creatinine ratio after calcium load greater than or equal to 0.20), 27 of the hypercalciuric patients were identified as hyperabsorbers. This group included 23 of Jongen's 37 and all of Pak's 12 hyperabsorbers. No patient not identified as a hyperabsorber according to either Jongen's or Pak's method were found in this group. The suggested model for identifying hyperabsorbers seems to be practical at least in studies on the relation between hypercalciuria and metabolism of vitamin D3.},
}
@article {pmid3589106,
year = {1987},
author = {Leduc, D and Brambilla, E and Parent, B and Muller, P and Sosa, D and Fourcy, A and Brambilla, C},
title = {[Alveolar microlithiasis. A study of minerals in the lung].},
journal = {Revue des maladies respiratoires},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {39-42},
pmid = {3589106},
issn = {0761-8425},
mesh = {Adult ; Calculi/*diagnostic imaging/therapy/ultrastructure ; Diphosphonates/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/*diagnostic imaging/therapy ; Male ; *Pulmonary Alveoli ; Radiography ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; },
abstract = {A pulmonary scintigraph of pyrophosphate was performed to assess calcium metabolism in a man of 39 with alveolar microlithiasis, as was histologic study with a mineral analysis of wave-length dispersion and an analysis crossing the microliths enclosed in the resin. Two treatments were tried without success: First with diphosphonates and then alveolar lavage.},
}
@article {pmid3332065,
year = {1987},
author = {Kocián, J},
title = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria. Diagnosis and treatment.},
journal = {Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Medica},
volume = {33},
number = {7-8},
pages = {609-664},
pmid = {3332065},
issn = {0001-7116},
mesh = {Bone and Bones/physiopathology ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Diet Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/therapeutic use ; Kidney/*physiopathology ; Male ; Osteoporosis/etiology ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid3319406,
year = {1987},
author = {Sutton, RA},
title = {Renal handling of calcium and magnesium in idiopathic stone disease.},
journal = {Contributions to nephrology},
volume = {58},
number = {},
pages = {93-100},
doi = {10.1159/000414495},
pmid = {3319406},
issn = {0302-5144},
mesh = {Absorption ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism/urine ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid3313140,
year = {1987},
author = {Blacklock, NJ},
title = {Sucrose and idiopathic renal stone.},
journal = {Nutrition and health},
volume = {5},
number = {1-2},
pages = {9-17},
doi = {10.1177/026010608700500203},
pmid = {3313140},
issn = {0260-1060},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin/pharmacology ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/*etiology ; Kidney Tubules/drug effects ; Nephrocalcinosis/metabolism ; Sucrose/*adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic renal stone comprises more than 80 per cent of kidney stone disease. Whilst the incidence rate in the Western World is high, that in Africa south of the Sahara is very low. Epidemiological studies point to a dietary aetiology as the basis for stone formation in the kidney. A number of dietary constituents increase the urinary risk factors for stone formation and one of these is sucrose. The sucrose effect is exaggerated when it is consumed in certain forms. There is also the evidence that a third of a normal population responds in an exaggerated manner in respect of an increased excretion of urinary risk factors when sucrose is consumed and this phenomenon has been noted in over 70 per cent of idiopathic stone formers. In studying the mechanism of this, insulin was found to influence distal renal tubular function to increased calcium excretion. Stone formers with an exaggerated urinary risk factor response to sucrose were found to have abnormally high and sustained blood levels of insulin following a standard glucose test meal. Where sucrose or sucrose products are in abundance, quite apart from its effect in increasing urinary risk factors in the population in general, there is particular vulnerability of a significant sub group within the population with this type of insulin response. Sucrose furthermore is known to induce nephrocalcinosis in the kidney of the rodent and similar calcific lesions have been found in the kidney substance of man and these have been observed to begin to appear within the first decade of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid3034619,
year = {1987},
author = {Kitamura, T and Hirano, Y and Ueda, D and Niijima, T},
title = {Possibility of elevated parathyroid function in patients with calcium-containing nephrolithiasis as compared with normal controls.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {13},
number = {1-2},
pages = {90-99},
doi = {10.1159/000472743},
pmid = {3034619},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*analysis/metabolism ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/*physiopathology ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/metabolism ; },
abstract = {109 patients with calcium-containing nephrolithiasis and 10 normal controls underwent oral calcium load test. After thorough examination, 6 of the 109 patients were diagnosed as having primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and the remainder as having normocalcemic nephrolithiasis without PHPT. Following the oral calcium load test, the latter were operationally divided into 3 groups - normocalciuric nephrolithiasis (NN), n = 78; absorptive hypercalciuria (AH), n = 10, and renal hypercalciuria (RH), n = 15 - according to the criteria reported by Pak et al. Before the oral calcium load test, nephrogenous adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (NcAMP), urinary adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (urinary cAMP), and plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were determined to evaluate parathyroid function. This function, as assessed by mean basal NcAMP in the NN, AH and RH groups as well as the PHPT group, was significantly increased as compared with that in the normal controls. Within the NcAMP-elevated 4 groups, the mean basal NcAMP was highest in the PHPT group followed by the RH, AH and NN groups. In view of the mean basal NcAMP, disregarding the PHPT group, the NN and AH groups seemed to be intermediate types between the normal controls and the RH groups. Similar, but less distinctive results were obtained in the determination of urinary cAMP and plasma iPTH. On the other hand, when leaving the PHPT group out, the mean basal urinary calcium creatinine ratio (Ca/Cr) was highest in the RH group followed by the AH and NN groups, and lowest in normal controls, suggesting that the NN and AH groups were intermediate between normal controls and the RH group. The mean basal urinary Ca/Cr ratio in the PHPT group was moderately elevated but not remarkable. Almost similar tendencies were observed in 24-hour urinary calcium excretions on a calcium-restricted diet. A weakly positive correlation (r = 0.232, p less than 0.05) between basal NcAMP and basal urinary Ca/Cr ratio was observed in accumulated cases of the NN, AH and RH groups, whereas a negative correlation (r = -0.664, p less than 0.05) was obtained in normal controls. It is concluded that a possible abnormal calcium metabolism is suggested in stone formers without PHPT. Additionally, it is speculated that 'relative hypercalciuria' in NN and hypercalciuria in AH and RH might be accounted for in a single line of a primary renal leak of calcium.},
}
@article {pmid2961511,
year = {1987},
author = {Vezzoli, G and Elli, A and Palazzi, P and Cusi, D and Cova, T and Menghetti, D and Scabini, M and Ortolani, S and Soldati, L and Surian, M},
title = {Plasma membrane Ca-ATPase in idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Contributions to nephrology},
volume = {58},
number = {},
pages = {148-151},
doi = {10.1159/000414505},
pmid = {2961511},
issn = {0302-5144},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Biological Transport, Active ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*enzymology ; Calcium-Transporting ATPases/*blood ; Erythrocyte Membrane/*enzymology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*enzymology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid3809936,
year = {1986},
author = {Baglin, A and Prinseau, J},
title = {[Calcium and diuretics].},
journal = {La Revue du praticien},
volume = {36},
number = {55},
pages = {3263-3269},
pmid = {3809936},
issn = {0035-2640},
mesh = {Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Diuretics/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/drug therapy ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/adverse effects ; },
}
@article {pmid3791932,
year = {1986},
author = {Cargill, JG and Burns, JR},
title = {Predisposing factors and prevention of renal calculi.},
journal = {Comprehensive therapy},
volume = {12},
number = {12},
pages = {43-49},
pmid = {3791932},
issn = {0098-8243},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cystinuria/drug therapy/therapy ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/classification/diagnosis/prevention &amp; control/*therapy ; Magnesium/metabolism ; *Magnesium Compounds ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Risk ; Struvite ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
abstract = {Over the last few years there have been marked advances in both the surgical and medical treatment of urinary stone disease. At present, we have expectations of decreasing the incidence of stone recurrence in a vast majority of patients with medical therapy alone. While there are still many patients who will continue to develop new stones, decreasing their rate of new stone formation will lessen the need for surgical intervention.},
}
@article {pmid3538383,
year = {1986},
author = {Hess, B and Binswanger, U},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria--recent pathogenetic and diagnostic aspects].},
journal = {Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {116},
number = {45},
pages = {1569-1575},
pmid = {3538383},
issn = {0036-7672},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Male ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The term "hypercalciuria" is not uniformly applied. Recent investigations show that the upper normal limits of 24-hour calciuria are above the originally defined 7.5 mmol in men in 6.25 mmol in women. There is no clear evidence that 24-hour calciuria is more often increased in idiopathic calcium stone formers than in healthy controls with normal calcium metabolism. Because of a disordered regulation of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3-production, the serum-1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 is increased in idiopathic calcium stone formers. A calcium loading test during undisturbed individual calcium homeostasis reveals increased intestinal calcium absorption in calcium stone formers. Metabolic evaluations are often not performed under the same conditions as those in which the stone formation occurred. As long as the primary metabolic defect has not been identified, classification into "absorptive" and "renal hypercalciuria" does not seem to be justified.},
}
@article {pmid3098634,
year = {1986},
author = {Gallinger, S and Harvey, PR and Petrunka, CN and Strasberg, SM},
title = {Effect of binding of ionised calcium on the in vitro nucleation of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate in human gall bladder bile.},
journal = {Gut},
volume = {27},
number = {11},
pages = {1382-1386},
pmid = {3098634},
issn = {0017-5749},
mesh = {Adult ; Bile/drug effects/*metabolism ; Bilirubin/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Edetic Acid/pharmacology ; Female ; Gallbladder/*metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lipid Metabolism ; Male ; },
abstract = {Biliary calcium may be a nucleating agent in cholesterol cholelithiasis. A study was designed to determine the effect of binding of ionised calcium on in vitro nucleation time. Ultracentrifuged and microscopically clear gall bladder bile from cholesterol gall stone patients was divided into two aliquots. One aliquot served as control and ionised calcium was bound in the second aliquot by addition of EDTA. Nucleation time was observed for the two groups. Addition of EDTA had no effect on lipid composition of the biles. EDTA bound all ionised calcium. Calcium bilirubinate precipitated from all controls on day 1 but was absent in all samples with EDTA. Addition of EDTA had no effect on cholesterol crystal nucleation time; nucleation time was rapid in both the controls and samples with EDTA. Ionised calcium is essential for calcium bilirubinate precipitation but is not responsible for the rapid nucleation time of bile from cholesterol gall stone patients.},
}
@article {pmid3784454,
year = {1986},
author = {Hess, B and Winter, A and Gautschi, K and Binswanger, U},
title = {[Peroral calcium administration test with free diet in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis--possibilities and limits].},
journal = {Klinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {64},
number = {20},
pages = {1013-1020},
pmid = {3784454},
issn = {0023-2173},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; *Calcium/urine ; Creatinine/blood ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*urine ; Magnesium/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {Seventeen patients who recurrently formed idiopathic calcium kidney stones (SF) and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy blood donors (H) were challenged by an oral calcium load (1 g) after an overnight fast. Their usual diet was not changed before the test. Urine samples were taken before, 2 1/2, and 4 h after the calcium load. A blood sample was drawn 3 3/4 h after calcium loading. Before and 2 1/2 h after calcium dosage urinary measurements of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, oxalate, uric acid, and creatinine did not reveal any differences between SF and H. According to the calciuria after 4 h SF were separated in normocalciurics (NCSF) and hypercalciurics (HCSF). Nine-tenths of the NCSF had higher serum ionic calcium levels than H after calcium load (P less than 0.001), whereas HCSF were not different from H. Serum phosphate in SF was lower than in H (P less than 0.001). Carboxy-terminal parathormone, measured in 3 NCSF and 2 HCSF, was normal. Depending on the calciuria or calcemia 4 h after an oral calcium load, 16 of 17 SF showed a metabolic abnormality (hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria). It is concluded that intestinal calcium absorption in SF might be increased to variable rates.},
}
@article {pmid3755800,
year = {1986},
author = {O'Leary, TJ and Jones, G and Yip, A and Lohnes, D and Cohanim, M and Yendt, ER},
title = {The effects of chloroquine on serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {315},
number = {12},
pages = {727-730},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM198609183151203},
pmid = {3755800},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Calcifediol/blood ; Calcitriol/*blood ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Chloroquine/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoidosis/drug therapy/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Although corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of hypercalciuria and hypercalcemia in chronic sarcoidosis, complications of their long-term use frequently limit therapy. We studied the efficacy of chloroquine in two patients with sarcoidosis who were unable to tolerate the dosage of corticosteroids required to control hypercalciuria and prevent the formation of renal stones. Over a three-year period, each patient received a 6-month and a 10-month course of oral chloroquine phosphate (500 mg per day) while continuing to receive corticosteroids at a fixed dose. Chloroquine therapy was associated with a significant reduction in levels of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and urinary calcium. We observed a direct correlation between serum 1,25-(OH)2D levels and 24-hour urinary calcium excretion, supporting the hypothesis that excessive serum 1,25-(OH)2D is responsible for the hypercalciuria in sarcoidosis. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-(OH)D) did not change with therapy, suggesting that chloroquine may act by inhibiting the conversion of 25-(OH)D to 1,25-(OH)2D. Current dosage guidelines and ophthalmologic-surveillance techniques, which allow chloroquine to be administered with little risk of retinopathy, should permit an expanded role for this agent in the treatment of the calcium abnormalities of sarcoidosis.},
}
@article {pmid3755445,
year = {1986},
author = {Glass, AR and Eil, C},
title = {Ketoconazole-induced reduction in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {63},
number = {3},
pages = {766-769},
doi = {10.1210/jcem-63-3-766},
pmid = {3755445},
issn = {0021-972X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcitriol/*blood ; Depression, Chemical ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Ketoconazole/blood/*pharmacology ; Male ; },
abstract = {The antimycotic agent ketoconazole is known to inhibit several cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones from cholesterol. Since 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is also a sterol synthesized by cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes, we assessed whether ketoconazole would lower serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels. In nine normal men, administration of ketoconazole for 1 week in doses of 300-1200 mg/day led to a dose-dependent reduction in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels (r = -0.64; P less than 0.001). At the highest dose taken by each man (1200 mg/day in six, 900 mg/day in one, and 600 mg/day in two), serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D fell significantly compared to baseline [14 +/- 1 (+/- SEM) vs. 39 +/- 3 pg/ml; P less than 0.001), but there was no change in serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, PTH, calcium, phosphate, or alkaline phosphatase. Ketoconazole may be potentially useful in exploring the pathogenetic role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in disorders of calcium metabolism and in treatment of patients with hypercalcemic disorders or renal stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid3750600,
year = {1986},
author = {Ireton, RC and Krieger, JN and Mason, JT and Ansell, JS},
title = {Urinary calculous disease in Southeast Asian immigrants.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {193-196},
doi = {10.1016/0090-4295(86)90041-5},
pmid = {3750600},
issn = {0090-4295},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asia, Southeastern/ethnology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dehydration/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Refugees ; Urinary Calculi/*epidemiology/etiology/metabolism ; Washington ; },
abstract = {Recent immigrants from Southeast Asia accounted for 39 of 149 hospital admissions for treatment of urinary tract stones. Presumptive diagnosis of a urinary calculus was possible in only 19 per cent of the refugees compared with 60 per cent of other patients treated at the same hospital (p less than 0.005). Calculi in Southeast Asian immigrants were larger (p less than 0.001), and surgical procedures were required more often (p less than 0.05) than for other patients with calculi. Urinary stones should be considered a likely cause of abdominal or urinary tract complaints in recent immigrants from Southeast Asia.},
}
@article {pmid3602640,
year = {1986},
author = {Howard, CP and Stone, MK},
title = {Endocrinologic disorders in pregnant adolescents.},
journal = {Seminars in adolescent medicine},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {207-214},
pmid = {3602640},
issn = {0748-6480},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adrenal Gland Diseases/diagnosis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Endocrine System Diseases/*diagnosis ; Female ; Graves Disease/diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypothalamic Diseases/diagnosis ; Pituitary Diseases/diagnosis ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/*diagnosis ; Pregnancy in Diabetics/diagnosis ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/diagnosis ; },
}
@article {pmid3525051,
year = {1986},
author = {Sarles, H},
title = {Etiopathogenesis and definition of chronic pancreatitis.},
journal = {Digestive diseases and sciences},
volume = {31},
number = {9 Suppl},
pages = {91S-107S},
pmid = {3525051},
issn = {0163-2116},
mesh = {Alcoholism/complications ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Carbonate/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/physiology ; Calculi/etiology/metabolism ; Chemical Precipitation ; Chronic Disease ; Ethanol/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Lithostathine ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Pancreatic Diseases/etiology/metabolism ; Pancreatic Juice/drug effects/metabolism ; Pancreatitis/complications/*etiology/genetics/immunology ; Proteins/metabolism ; Tropical Medicine ; },
abstract = {This is a critical review of papers published on definition, classification, etiology, and pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis from 1981 to 1985. Articles published earlier will only be mentioned when they are necessary to the understanding of the present knowledge or when they are insufficiently known. The more ancient literature has been reviewed elsewhere. The etiology and pathogenesis section will be limited to calcifying pancreatitis which is the most frequent form of chronic pancreatitis. The etiology of chronic obstructive pancreatitis has been studied in another review. The simple fibrosis of the pancreas is excluded from this chapter.},
}
@article {pmid3795610,
year = {1986},
author = {},
title = {[Metabolic disorders and kidney stone].},
journal = {Nihon Jinzo Gakkai shi},
volume = {28},
number = {7},
pages = {995-1007},
pmid = {3795610},
issn = {0385-2385},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Citrates/urine ; Citric Acid ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; },
}
@article {pmid3529381,
year = {1986},
author = {Swobodnik, W and Ortmann, H and Wechsler, JG and Teckentrupp, K and Klüppelberg, U and Wenzel, H and Ditschuneit, H},
title = {[Sonography of gallbladder calculi: possibilities and limits in the selection of gallstone patients suitable for conservative lysis].},
journal = {Ultraschall in der Medizin (Stuttgart, Germany : 1980)},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {117-122},
doi = {10.1055/s-2007-1011927},
pmid = {3529381},
issn = {0172-4614},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Bilirubin/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid/*therapeutic use ; Cholelithiasis/*drug therapy/pathology ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Deoxycholic Acid/*analogs &amp; derivatives ; Female ; Gallbladder/pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Ultrasonography ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {The sonographic patterns of artificially produced pure cholesterol and pigment gallstones were evaluated in vitro. Cholesterol calculi exhibited a smooth echo with a relatively high beam penetration, whereas pigment calculi showed a sickle-like surface echo without beam penetration. Clinical evaluation of these criteria in 107 patients was based on correlating preoperative sonographic diagnosis with postoperative microchemical analysis of the calculi. Although small, smooth cholesterol calculi were detected via ultrasound with an accuracy of more than 90 percent, pigment calculi could not be separated and identified with satisfactory precision.},
}
@article {pmid3518370,
year = {1986},
author = {Patriquin, H and Robitaille, P},
title = {Renal calcium deposition in children: sonographic demonstration of the Anderson-Carr progression.},
journal = {AJR. American journal of roentgenology},
volume = {146},
number = {6},
pages = {1253-1256},
doi = {10.2214/ajr.146.6.1253},
pmid = {3518370},
issn = {0361-803X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Susceptibility ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney/*metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; *Ultrasonography ; },
abstract = {The Anderson-Carr theory of renal-stone formation, based on cadaver studies, postulates the aggregation of calcium at the tips and margins of the renal pyramid. Progressive calcium deposition is followed by the formation of calcium plaques, which may perforate the calyx and form a nidus for further stone growth. This theory has not been demonstrated in vivo. We studied 50 children with conditions leading to nephrocalcinosis with renal sonography. Seven of these had high-resolution CT. Twenty-four positive sonographic examinations were used to study patterns of calcium deposition in the kidney. Nephrocalcinosis was confined to the medulla and was found at the margins of the pyramid, at the fornix, or throughout the entire pyramid. Five children showed calcium plaques in or near the calyx. The sonographic pattern identified appears to provide an in vivo demonstration of the Anderson-Carr progression of renal-stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid3747313,
year = {1986},
author = {Fujisawa, M and Arima, S and Morikawa, M and Inagaki, N and Yachiku, S},
title = {[A study of bone mineral content in patients with calcium urolithiasis].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {77},
number = {5},
pages = {766-771},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1928.77.5_766},
pmid = {3747313},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone and Bones/*analysis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minerals/*analysis ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid3029819,
year = {1986},
author = {Barros, EJ and dos Santos, DR and Boim, MA and Pinheiro, ME and Ajzen, H and Ramos, OL and Schor, N},
title = {[Calciuria, calcium overload and urinary cyclic AMP in the evaluation of patients with calcic lithiasis].},
journal = {AMB : revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira},
volume = {32},
number = {5-6},
pages = {96-100},
pmid = {3029819},
issn = {0102-843X},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Cyclic AMP/*urine ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*physiopathology ; Parathyroid Glands/physiopathology ; Parathyroid Hormone/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid3081562,
year = {1986},
author = {Coe, FL and Parks, JH},
title = {Recurrent renal calculi. Causes and prevention.},
journal = {Hospital practice (Office ed.)},
volume = {21},
number = {3A},
pages = {49-57},
pmid = {3081562},
issn = {8750-2836},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/analysis ; Child ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Hyperthyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*etiology/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Sex Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid3950153,
year = {1986},
author = {Sussman, SK and Goldberg, RP and Griscom, NT},
title = {Milk-of-calcium hydronephrosis in patients with paraplegia and urinary-enteric diversion: CT demonstration.},
journal = {Journal of computer assisted tomography},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {257-259},
doi = {10.1097/00004728-198603000-00016},
pmid = {3950153},
issn = {0363-8715},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis/*diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; Male ; Paraplegia/*diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; Suspensions ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urinary Calculi/*diagnostic imaging/metabolism ; *Urinary Diversion ; },
abstract = {The CT demonstration of milk of calcium occurring in hydronephrosis is described in four patients each of whom had a urinary-enteric diversion because of paraplegia. In each case CT showed a fluid-fluid interface of urine over milk of calcium in a dilated urinary collecting system. This condition cannot be definitively diagnosed from enhanced scans since a contrast-urine level may have a similar appearance. The incidence of milk-of-calcium hydronephrosis may be underestimated, as the density of the milk of calcium is often insufficient for the condition to be detected by plain radiography.},
}
@article {pmid3706998,
year = {1986},
author = {Proesmans, W and Degraeuwe, P},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria in children].},
journal = {Annales de pediatrie},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {227-233},
pmid = {3706998},
issn = {0066-2097},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/classification/etiology/therapy/*urine ; Child ; Female ; Hematuria/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Sex Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid3703740,
year = {1986},
author = {Yamamoto, H and Schäfer, H and Sakae, T and Mishima, H},
title = {Phlebolithiasis associated with intramuscular hemangioma. X-ray diffractometric, X-ray microanalytical and scanning electron microscopic investigations.},
journal = {Pathology, research and practice},
volume = {181},
number = {1},
pages = {55-59},
doi = {10.1016/S0344-0338(86)80188-1},
pmid = {3703740},
issn = {0344-0338},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calculi/etiology/*pathology ; Cheek ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Facial Neoplasms/*complications ; Female ; Hemangioma/*complications ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Muscular Diseases/complications ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Sulfur/metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction ; },
abstract = {Phlebolithiasis associated with intramuscular hemangioma is relatively rare. Combined crystallographic, microanalytical and morphological studies have not been done before. We investigated a case of phlebolithiasis by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microdiffractometry and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The calculus revealed a lamellar structure with irregular distribution of radipaque and radiolucent portions. The radiopaque portions contained apatite which could be demonstrated in prismlike as well as globular granular structures. In contrast to other authors, brushite was not detected by us. The radiolucent protions adjacent to the stone surface contained sulfur and showed undefined diffraction peaks supposing the presence of organic crystals. The possible milieu factors govering calculus formation are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid3575918,
year = {1986},
author = {Sharma, OP and Alfaro, C},
title = {Hypercalciuria and renal stones in a sarcoidosis patient treated by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.},
journal = {Sarcoidosis},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {7-9},
pmid = {3575918},
issn = {0393-1447},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*therapy/urine ; *Lithotripsy ; Lung Diseases/*complications/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Sarcoidosis/*complications/diagnostic imaging/urine ; Urography ; },
abstract = {A case of chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis and hypercalciuria complicated by bilateral renal stones is reported. Urinary stones were pulverized by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) as the patient had declined any surgical procedure. The use of ESWL in conjunction with corticosteroids appears to be the treatment of choice in the management of renal stones secondary to abnormalities of calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis.},
}
@article {pmid3955921,
year = {1986},
author = {Yendt, ER and Cohanim, M},
title = {Absorptive hyperoxaluria: a new clinical entity--successful treatment with hydrochlorothiazide.},
journal = {Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {44-50},
pmid = {3955921},
issn = {0147-958X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/analysis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*therapeutic use ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/surgery/urine ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Oxalates/*urine ; },
abstract = {This report describes studies performed over an 11 year period in a 13 year old girl with hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis who did not have primary hyperoxaluria or any of the recognized causes of secondary hyperoxaluria. The patient also had increased urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium and hyperabsorption of dietary calcium and magnesium. It is suggested that the hyperoxaluria resulted from hyperabsorption of dietary oxalate secondary to hyperabsorption of dietary calcium. Hyperabsorption of dietary magnesium and increased urinary magnesium excretion have not previously been reported in this context. Stone formation ceased and urinary oxalate excretion gradually fell to normal during long term thiazide therapy but hyperoxaluria recurred when orthophosphate therapy was substituted for the hydrochlorothiazide. This is the first report of normalization of urine oxalate excretion during thiazide therapy in a patient with frank hyperoxaluria.},
}
@article {pmid3940849,
year = {1986},
author = {Evans, RA},
title = {Hypercalcaemia. What does it signify?.},
journal = {Drugs},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {64-74},
pmid = {3940849},
issn = {0012-6667},
mesh = {Calcium/blood/metabolism/urine ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/diagnosis/*etiology/metabolism ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/drug therapy/therapy ; Kidney/physiopathology ; Neoplasms/complications ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Hypercalcaemia can be caused by many disorders, but is most commonly due to primary hyperparathyroidism in outpatients, and to malignant disease in hospital inpatients. When mild (less than 3 mmol/L) it does not cause symptoms, but can have long term effects such as renal calculi. It is important that the aetiology of the hypercalcaemia be established, as it can reflect serious disease. In most patients the correct diagnosis can be suspected from clinical history and examination, and confirmed by laboratory tests and x-rays. The most difficult diagnostic problem is the patient with negative clinical findings, mild hypercalcaemia and mild renal impairment, when the parathyroid hormone level is normal or slightly elevated. When hypercalcaemia is severe (greater than 3.5 mmol/L), it can cause vomiting, polyuria, dehydration and renal impairment, and is then an important therapeutic problem. Therapy includes treatment of the cause, such as radiotherapy for malignant disease or surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. In addition, it is usually necessary to treat the hypercalcaemia itself, and the initial step is always rehydration. If the plasma calcium concentration remains high, drug treatment must be added, the most effective and reliable agent being intravenous mithramycin. Aminohydroxypropylidene diphosphonate (APD), though less studied, may be equally useful in this situation. Glucocorticoids are not always effective, and phosphate may cause renal damage, particularly when given intravenously. For long term treatment of malignant hypercalcaemia, oral glucocorticoids and phosphate are often effective, and can be given in combination. When primary hyperparathyroidism cannot be corrected surgically, the hypercalcaemia (and hypercalciuria) are probably best treated with a low calcium diet and cellulose phosphate, a regimen also effective for the hypercalcaemia of sarcoidosis.},
}
@article {pmid3826147,
year = {1986},
author = {Malberti, F and Surian, M and Colussi, G and Cosci, P and Corradi, B and Benazzi, E and Minetti, L},
title = {Evaluation of calcium and phosphate metabolism in patients affected by essential hypertension and calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {American journal of nephrology},
volume = {6 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {131-133},
doi = {10.1159/000167237},
pmid = {3826147},
issn = {0250-8095},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypertension/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid3767188,
year = {1986},
author = {Burckhardt, P},
title = {[Renal lithiasis in idiopathic hypercalciuria and primary hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Annales de medecine interne},
volume = {137},
number = {3},
pages = {216-219},
pmid = {3767188},
issn = {0003-410X},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/blood ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications/urine ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The high incidence of renal lithiasis in hyperparathyroidism (55 p. 100) suggests that PTH plays a causal role in stone production. It also motivates a systematic search for primary hyperparathyroidism in all patients with renal stones although it is only found in about 7 p. 100 of cases. PTH acts through the stimulation of 1.25(OH)2 vitamin D production and therefore, the absorption of calcium from the intestine, which in turn increases the filtrable calcium, hence the calciuria. In renal stones, in general, hypercalciuria represents one of the major metabolic disturbances, besides the hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria and the reduction of the inhibitors of crystallization. However, hypercalciuria is rarely the indirect result of excess PTH. It is usually caused by increased dietary ingestion of NaCl, meat, calcium and possibly carbohydrates.},
}
@article {pmid3767183,
year = {1986},
author = {Caudarella, R and Malavolta, N and Rizzoli, E and Stefani, F and D'Antuono, G},
title = {Idiopathic calcium urolithiasis: genetic aspects.},
journal = {Annales de medecine interne},
volume = {137},
number = {3},
pages = {200-202},
pmid = {3767183},
issn = {0003-410X},
mesh = {ABO Blood-Group System/*genetics ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; Risk ; Urinary Calculi/*genetics/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {Seventy-nine stone-formers underwent a metabolic investigation and ABO blood group determination. Incidence of blood groups in patients was similar to ABO phenotypes distribution in general population. The 37.7 p. 100 showed family history for stones. Idiopathic hypercalciuria was present in 40.3 p. 100 of cases; stone-formers with positive family history had a higher incidence of hypercalciuria (46.8 p. 100) than subjects without affected relatives (31.5 p. 100). Patients with blood group A displayed hypercalciuria in the 54.5 p. 100 of cases while subjects with blood group O only in the 30.7 p. 100 (p less than 0.05). Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were reduced in the 36.9 p. 100 of the whole group and particularly in patients of blood group A. Patients with blood group A, with positive family history, showed higher mean values of calcium excretion and lower ones of GAGs. Our results seem to suggest that not only familiar factors play a significant role in stone disease pathogenesis but also some metabolic alteration may be linked to ABO phenotypes.},
}
@article {pmid3757412,
year = {1986},
author = {Szabo, A and Sarkozi, L},
title = {The effect of oral calcium-loading test on the distribution of urinary phosphates in healthy and hypercalciuremic children.},
journal = {Clinical physiology and biochemistry},
volume = {4},
number = {4},
pages = {268-272},
pmid = {3757412},
issn = {0252-1164},
mesh = {Adolescent ; *Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*urine ; Child ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Phosphates/*urine ; Urinary Calculi/urine ; },
abstract = {The distribution of inorganic phosphate ions in urine is calculated with known stability constants, measured pH and electrolyte concentrations. The distribution of phosphate ions in the urine of healthy children is considerably different from that of hypercalciuremic children. Before and after oral calcium-loading test, the most significant difference is in the molar fraction of CaHPO4.},
}
@article {pmid3743598,
year = {1986},
author = {Berg, W and Bothor, C and Pirlich, W and Janitzky, V},
title = {Influence of magnesium on the absorption and excretion of calcium and oxalate ions.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {274-282},
doi = {10.1159/000472635},
pmid = {3743598},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Citrates/urine ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Magnesium/administration &amp; dosage/*pharmacology/urine ; Oxalates/*metabolism/urine ; Oxalic Acid ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In two test series additional oxalic acid excretion in urine was induced in healthy test persons by administering a spinach diet. This additional excretion could be markedly reduced by magnesium administration. Calcium and citrate excretions are largely unaffected by magnesium administration. Magnesium excretions, however, are clearly increased. The calcium oxalate crystallization rates in the 5-or 7-hour urines reveal a behavior parallel to that of the oxalic acid excretion profile. In the control urines, the crystal picture is characterized by numerous medium-sized whewellite crystals. In contrast, in the test series weddellite crystals are reduced in size and frequency after magnesium administration. New aspects of magnesium effects must be discussed; above all the possible absorption changes resulting from gastrointestinal diseases.},
}
@article {pmid3738684,
year = {1986},
author = {Fabris, A and Ortalda, V and D'Angelo, A and Maschio, G},
title = {[Modern pathogenetic aspects of nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Minerva urologica e nefrologica = The Italian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {97-101},
pmid = {3738684},
issn = {0393-2249},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid3723912,
year = {1986},
author = {Ebisuno, S and Morimoto, S and Yoshida, T and Fukatani, T and Yasukawa, S and Ohkawa, T},
title = {[Studies of phytin therapy for calcium urolithiasis with hypercalciuria. 1. Basal experiments].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {77},
number = {1},
pages = {5-11},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1928.77.1_5},
pmid = {3723912},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; In Vitro Techniques ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Phytic Acid/*metabolism/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid3723904,
year = {1986},
author = {Ebisuno, S and Morimoto, S and Yoshida, T and Fukatani, T and Yasukawa, S and Ohkawa, T},
title = {[Studies of phytin therapy for calcium urolithiasis with hypercalciuria. 2. An animal study].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {77},
number = {1},
pages = {12-18},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1928.77.1_12},
pmid = {3723904},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Male ; Phytic Acid/*therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid3721764,
year = {1986},
author = {Hesse, A and Vahlensieck, W},
title = {Loading tests for diagnosis of metabolic anomalies in urinary stone formers.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {45-53},
pmid = {3721764},
issn = {0301-1623},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications/*diagnosis ; Ammonium Chloride ; Calcium ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Purines ; Uric Acid/*blood ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
abstract = {Four per cent of the population in the industrialized countries of Europe suffer once or several times from urinary calculus in the course of their lives. The high number of recurrences (50 to 60%) necessitates specific prophylaxis. Depending on the precise stone composition, a specific metabolic investigation should be undertaken in cases with recurrent urinary calculus. Within a special laboratory diagnostic program, all major anomalies can be diagnosed by means of loading tests. With the ammonium chloride loading test, renal tubular acidosis is diagnosed; the calcium loading test differentiates the types of hypercalciuria and the purine loading test verifies "latent hyperuricaemia".},
}
@article {pmid3573012,
year = {1986},
author = {Sbaiti, A},
title = {[Calculi in the conjunctival cul-de-sac with sodium deficiency: a new syndrome? (Apropos of a case)].},
journal = {Le Journal medical libanais. The Lebanese medical journal},
volume = {36},
number = {4},
pages = {174-177},
pmid = {3573012},
issn = {0023-9852},
mesh = {*Acid-Base Imbalance ; Adolescent ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calculi/*complications/metabolism ; Conjunctival Diseases/*complications/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Sodium/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid3510312,
year = {1986},
author = {Goldwasser, B and Weinerth, JL and Carson, CC},
title = {Calcium stone disease: an overview.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {135},
number = {1},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)45497-8},
pmid = {3510312},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Benzothiadiazines ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Crystallization ; Diuretics ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*metabolism/therapy ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Parathyroid Glands/physiopathology ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid2939858,
year = {1986},
author = {Weiss, A and Imboden, J and Hardy, K and Manger, B and Terhorst, C and Stobo, J},
title = {The role of the T3/antigen receptor complex in T-cell activation.},
journal = {Annual review of immunology},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {593-619},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.iy.04.040186.003113},
pmid = {2939858},
issn = {0732-0582},
mesh = {Animals ; *Antigens, Surface/genetics ; CD3 Complex ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Humans ; Intracellular Fluid/metabolism ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Molecular Conformation ; Mutation ; *Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The role of the T3/antigen receptor complex is summarized by the diagram presented in Figure 4. Signals transmitted through T3/Ti activate a phosphodiesterase. This enzyme acts on its substrate PIP2 to generate two important mediators, IP3 and diacylglycerol. IP3 mobilizes calcium from bound intracellular stones. This increase in [Ca2+]i is one intracellular signal which, in conjunction with others, induces expression of lymphokine genes by influencing pretranslational, presumably transcriptional, events. Several problems remain. Which of the five molecules in the T3/Ti complex serves as the effector molecule in the transmembrane signaling process is not known. Which molecules serve to link T3/Ti to the phosphodiesterase enzyme is under investigation. The role diacylglycerol protein kinase C and other mediators play in signalling activation is not established. Finally, for those events occurring after the early events pictured in Figure 4 that result in gene activation, the sequence is a black box. Approaches to address each of these questions are available, and answers should be forthcoming.},
}
@article {pmid4084717,
year = {1985},
author = {Marickar, YM and Rose, GA},
title = {Relationship of stone growth and urinary biochemistry in long-term follow-up of stone patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {57},
number = {6},
pages = {613-617},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410x.1985.tb07017.x},
pmid = {4084717},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Bendroflumethiazide/therapeutic use ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications/drug therapy/urine ; Cellulose/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Oxalates/urine ; Oxalic Acid ; Recurrence ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/urine ; },
abstract = {One hundred and twenty-four male stone formers with idiopathic hypercalciuria were followed up for 4 to 27 years (mean 12.2). Twenty-eight received restricted calcium diet alone, 52 also received bendrofluazide, 11 cellulose phosphate, and 33 received mixtures of those drugs. Although urinary calcium values fell in all groups, the stone recurrence rate remained unacceptably high. Patients on cellulose phosphate fared worst and this drug seems unsatisfactory as a sole agent. Urinary calcium was highest in patients without stone recurrences, but in patients with stone activity a higher stone recurrence rate was associated with higher urinary calcium and lower urinary volume.},
}
@article {pmid4067380,
year = {1985},
author = {Hosking, DH and Wilson, JW and Liedtke, RR and Smith, LH and Wilson, DM},
title = {Urinary citrate excretion in normal persons and patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine},
volume = {106},
number = {6},
pages = {682-689},
pmid = {4067380},
issn = {0022-2143},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Citrates/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Characteristics ; Urinary Calculi/*urine ; },
abstract = {The 24-hour urinary excretion of citrate was measured in 83 normal persons and in 132 consecutive patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis, uninfected urine, and normal renal function. The urinary excretion of citrate in normal men was not significantly different from that in normal women (P greater than 0.05). There was a significant (P less than 0.001) increase of urinary citrate excretion with increasing age in normal persons. No increase of urinary citrate excretion with age was demonstrated in stone formers. There was no statistically significant difference between active and inactive stone formers in regard to regression of the citrate/calcium ratio or the citrate/uric acid ratio, and there was no difference in these ratios between men and women considered separately or in subgroups by hypercalciuria or hyperuricuria or by individual age. Hypocitraturia was found in 29.2% of patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. No relationship could be demonstrated between the 24-hour urinary excretion of citrate and severity of stone disease before presentation at our clinic or the frequency of stone growth or new stone formation at follow-up. Twenty-two of 35 patients with hypocitraturia had multiple urinary citrate measurements. In 15 of these 22 patients, at least one normal urinary citrate measurement was obtained. Further prospective study is required to establish the value of urinary citrate determinations in patients consuming an uncontrolled diet in an outpatient setting.},
}
@article {pmid3909177,
year = {1985},
author = {Spirnak, JP and Resnick, MI},
title = {Urinary stones.},
journal = {Primary care},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {735-759},
pmid = {3909177},
issn = {0095-4543},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Cystine/metabolism ; Cystinuria/diagnosis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/surgery ; Magnesium/metabolism ; *Magnesium Compounds ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Physical Examination ; Struvite ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; *Urinary Calculi/diagnosis/metabolism/therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urine/analysis ; Urography ; },
abstract = {Urinary stone disease is a common affliction in our society and may affect 1 to 5 per cent of the population. The physician involved in caring for the stone-forming patient must have a thorough understanding of the metabolic as well as anatomic abnormalities that may lead to repeat stone formation. The authors review the common metabolic abnormalities frequently seen in the stone-forming patient and present the current medical management of these problems. Ongoing changes in the surgical approach to urinary stones are also discussed.},
}
@article {pmid3841720,
year = {1985},
author = {Tsuchiya, H and Onishi, T and Takamoto, S and Morimoto, S and Fukuo, K and Imanaka, S and Yamamoto, H and Yukawa, S and Koh, E and Sonoda, T},
title = {An acromegalic patient with recurrent urolithiasis.},
journal = {Endocrinologia japonica},
volume = {32},
number = {6},
pages = {851-861},
doi = {10.1507/endocrj1954.32.851},
pmid = {3841720},
issn = {0013-7219},
mesh = {Acromegaly/*complications/metabolism ; Adenoma/complications/metabolism/surgery ; Calcitriol/blood ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Growth Hormone/blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Pituitary Neoplasms/complications/metabolism/surgery ; Recurrence ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {A 52-year-old man with an acromegalic appearance of prolonged duration suffered abdominal colic attacks and hematuria during the middle of the course of the disease. The patient was diagnosed as having urolithiasis caused by increased urinary calcium. The calcium metabolic disorder was not considered to be due to hyperparathyroidism because serum calcium and PTH levels were within the normal range and no abnormality was observed in a parathyroidal scintigraph. The serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) levels (55.0 and 73.0 pg/ml) were higher than the normal range (27.2-53.8 pg/ml). A selective adenomectomy by the transsphenoidal route (Hardy's method) was performed, resulting in an improvement in the hypercalciuria and urolithiasis, and a decrease in the levels of serum 1,25-(OH)2D (23.0 and 23.0 pg/ml). These findings suggest that GH may promote the activation of vitamin D in the kidney in acromegaly, resulting in an acceleration of calcium absorption in the intestine through the action of activated vitamin D and the induction of increased urinary calcium excretion by the urinary excretion of excessive blood calcium.},
}
@article {pmid3008538,
year = {1985},
author = {Kohri, K and Takada, M and Katoh, Y and Kataoka, K and Iguchi, M and Kurita, T and Yachiku, S},
title = {[Studies on the endocrinological metabolism of the parathyroid. II. Influence of ACTH on parathyroid function and calcium metabolism].},
journal = {Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica},
volume = {31},
number = {12},
pages = {2149-2159},
pmid = {3008538},
issn = {0018-1994},
mesh = {Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/pharmacology/*physiology ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Parathyroid Glands/physiology ; Parathyroid Hormone/*physiology ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Receptors, Parathyroid Hormone ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is strongly concerned with the pathogenesis of urinary stones. PTH is mainly regulated by the serum calcium concentration and not by other hormones, as is usually the case. We studied whether PTH is also regulated by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or not. ACTH (0.25 mg) was injected intravenously to 17 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism PHP, 7 patients with urolithiasis, 7 patients with malignant hypercalcemia, and 6 control subjects. Serum calcium was significantly increased in only PHP. The serum calcium increase rate showed a significant positive correlation with serum alkaline phosphatase, and a negative correlation with the preinjected serum calcium. PTH was slightly increased in all four groups. Serum cortisol and ACTH concentrations were not significantly different among the groups. PTH concentration in a culture medium of parathyroid tissues increased after ACTH addition. Serum calcium was significantly increased after ACTH injection in an adrenalectomized rat, and decreased in a parathyroidectomized rat. From our data and those of others, it appears that ACTH acts on the adrenal glands to decrease the serum calcium concentration, and might act directly on the parathyroid gland or bones to increase it.},
}
@article {pmid3932377,
year = {1985},
author = {Moss, AH},
title = {Renal colic, arthralgia in a hypercalcemic man.},
journal = {Hospital practice (Office ed.)},
volume = {20},
number = {10A},
pages = {31-32},
pmid = {3932377},
issn = {8750-2836},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Colic/*complications ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/adverse effects ; Hypercalcemia/chemically induced/*complications/metabolism ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Joint Diseases/*complications ; Kidney Calculi/complications/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/*complications ; Male ; Medullary Sponge Kidney/complications/metabolism ; Pain ; },
}
@article {pmid3835525,
year = {1985},
author = {Stechły, HJ},
title = {[Various aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of urinary calculi in children].},
journal = {Pediatria polska},
volume = {60},
number = {10},
pages = {724-729},
pmid = {3835525},
issn = {0031-3939},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Child ; Humans ; Oxalates/urine ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid4035839,
year = {1985},
author = {Pines, A and Olchovsky, D},
title = {Urolithiasis in acromegaly.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {240-242},
doi = {10.1016/0090-4295(85)90118-9},
pmid = {4035839},
issn = {0090-4295},
mesh = {Acromegaly/*complications/metabolism/physiopathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/physiopathology ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and hyperphosphatemia are common findings in acromegaly, yet there are only a few reports on the occurrence of urinary stones in these patients. We reviewed the files of 64 patients with acromegaly. A total of 8 patients had evidence of renal calculi: 4 patients underwent nephrolithotomy, 3 had stones which were seen on intravenous pyelography, and 1 patient voided a stone. Moreover, 2 other patients suffered from recurrent typical episodes of renal colic. In view of the high incidence of urolithiasis in our series we believe that more attention should be paid to detection of urinary stones in acromegalics to avoid further complications and suffering.},
}
@article {pmid3912552,
year = {1985},
author = {Hiraishi, K and Nakamura, S and Kurokawa, K},
title = {[Metabolic disturbances in renal tubular acidosis; calcium and phosphorus metabolism (kidney calculi and kidney calcinosis)].},
journal = {Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {43},
number = {9},
pages = {1914-1918},
pmid = {3912552},
issn = {0047-1852},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Calcinosis/*etiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Citrates/urine ; Citric Acid ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Kidney Diseases/*etiology ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid3005713,
year = {1985},
author = {Higashihara, E and Nutahara, K and Takeuchi, T},
title = {[Urologic kidney disease and acid excretion disorders--with special reference to medullary sponge kidney].},
journal = {Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {43},
number = {9},
pages = {1955-1961},
pmid = {3005713},
issn = {0047-1852},
mesh = {Absorption ; Ammonia/metabolism ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen/metabolism ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Kidney Medulla/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Medullary Sponge Kidney/complications/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid2998573,
year = {1985},
author = {Pacifici, R and Filipponi, P and Mannarelli, C and Vespasiani, G and Porena, M and Fedeli, L and Morucci, V and Avioli, LV},
title = {Classification of idiopathic hypercalciuric patients by isotopic calcium absorption: a comparison with oral calcium tolerance test.},
journal = {Calcified tissue international},
volume = {37},
number = {5},
pages = {467-473},
pmid = {2998573},
issn = {0171-967X},
support = {5T32 AM0703310/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Absorption ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; *Calcium Radioisotopes ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; },
abstract = {To test the accuracy of calcium tolerance test in estimating calcium absorption, we have measured the radioactive calcium absorption (expressed as Fx) in 27 patients with IH and renal calcium stones. The results of this test were compared with those of a standard oral calcium tolerance test. Although only seven of nine AH patients displayed normal fasting calcium excretion, they all displayed Fx values above normal and a normal parathyroid activity. Conversely, only 5 of our 18 RH patients demonstrated a hyperabsorption of radioactive calcium and an elevation in iPTH and cAMP above normal limits, yet all of them showed an increased calciuric response to an oral calcium challenge. Calcium absorption was inversely related to iPTH (r = -082; P less than 0.001) and cAMP (r = -064 P less than 0.05) in AH, but directly proportional to these parameters (r = 0.62 P less than 0.001 and r = 0.46 P less than 0.05, respectively) in RH patients. In view of these results, two ratios, iPTH/Fx and cAMP/Fx were used to discriminate between the two groups of patients. Both ratios were over normal limits in all RH patients and within normal range in all but one AH patient. Furthermore, no overlap was found between the two groups. Conversely, we were unable to completely separate AH from RH subjects on the basis of the oral calcium tolerance test, since in both groups the fasting and the absolute (or percentage) changes in urinary calcium, cAMP and blood iPTH levels following oral calcium loading, overlapped in each instance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid4053544,
year = {1985},
author = {Boni, R and De Simone, R and Galloro, G and Laccetti, M and Rabitti, PG},
title = {[Secondary prevention of idiopathic calcium urolithiasis].},
journal = {La Clinica terapeutica},
volume = {114},
number = {4},
pages = {279-287},
pmid = {4053544},
issn = {0009-9074},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Diuresis ; *Drinking ; Humans ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control/therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid3916563,
year = {1985},
author = {Preminger, GM and Pak, CY},
title = {The practical evaluation and selective medical management of nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Seminars in urology},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {170-184},
pmid = {3916563},
issn = {0730-9147},
support = {M01-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-AM20543/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01-AM16061/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/etiology/*therapy ; Metabolic Diseases/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid4009822,
year = {1985},
author = {Preminger, GM and Sakhaee, K and Skurla, C and Pak, CY},
title = {Prevention of recurrent calcium stone formation with potassium citrate therapy in patients with distal renal tubular acidosis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {134},
number = {1},
pages = {20-23},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)46963-1},
pmid = {4009822},
issn = {0022-5347},
support = {MO1-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-AM20543/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01-AM16061/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/*complications/metabolism ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/urine ; Citrates/administration &amp; dosage/*therapeutic use/urine ; Citric Acid ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Distal renal tubular acidosis is a common cause of intractable calcium nephrolithiasis. We examined the effect of oral potassium citrate therapy in 9 patients with incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis diagnosed on the basis of an abnormal response to an oral ammonium chloride load. Patients were studied during a control phase and after 3 months of potassium citrate treatment (60 to 80 mEq. daily). Potassium citrate caused a significant increase in urinary pH and urinary citrate, and a decrease in urinary calcium. The urinary relative saturation ratio of calcium oxalate significantly decreased during treatment, while that of brushite did not change. Potassium citrate also was shown to inhibit new stone formation. During a mean treatment period of 34 months none of the 9 patients had new stones, although 39.3 plus or minus 79.7 (standard deviation) stones per patient formed during the 3 years preceding treatment. The results support the potential clinical advantage of potassium citrate therapy in patients with distal renal tubular acidosis and recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid3892044,
year = {1985},
author = {Pak, CY and Fuller, C and Sakhaee, K and Preminger, GM and Britton, F},
title = {Long-term treatment of calcium nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {134},
number = {1},
pages = {11-19},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)46962-x},
pmid = {3892044},
issn = {0022-5347},
support = {M01-RR00633/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States ; P01-AM20543/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01-AM16061/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Citrates/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use/urine ; Citric Acid ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Diuretics ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/chemically induced ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The long-term effects of potassium citrate therapy (usually 20 mEq. 3 times daily during 1 to 4.33 years) were examined in 89 patients with hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis or uric acid lithiasis, with or without calcium nephrolithiasis. Hypocitraturia caused by renal tubular acidosis or chronic diarrheal syndrome was associated with other metabolic abnormalities, such as hypercalciuria or hyperuricosuria, or occurred alone. Potassium citrate therapy caused a sustained increase in urinary pH and potassium, and restored urinary citrate to normal levels. No substantial or significant changes occurred in urinary uric acid, oxalate, sodium or phosphorus levels, or total volume. Owing to these physiological changes, uric acid solubility increased, urinary saturation of calcium oxalate decreased and the propensity for spontaneous nucleation of calcium oxalate was reduced to normal. Therefore, the physicochemical environment of urine following treatment became less conducive to the crystallization of calcium oxalate or uric acid, since it stimulated that of normal subjects without stones. Commensurate with the aforementioned physiological and physicochemical changes the treatment produced clinical improvement, since individual stone formation decreased in 97.8 per cent of the patients, remission was obtained in 79.8 per cent and the need for surgical treatment of newly formed stones was eliminated. In patients with relapse after other treatment, such as thiazide, the addition of potassium citrate induced clinical improvement. Thus, our study provides physiological, physicochemical and clinical validation for the use of potassium citrate in the treatment of hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis and uric acid lithiasis with or without calcium nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid2998684,
year = {1985},
author = {Baghurst, PA},
title = {Urinary adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate in idiopathic calcium stone-formers.},
journal = {Clinical science (London, England : 1979)},
volume = {69},
number = {1},
pages = {109-110},
doi = {10.1042/cs0690109},
pmid = {2998684},
issn = {0143-5221},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/*urine ; Fasting ; Humans ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid2990080,
year = {1985},
author = {Hanash, KA and Bissada, NK and Woodhouse, NJ},
title = {Pattern of calcium metabolism in normo- and hypercalciuric patients with calcium urolithiasis in Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {27-32},
doi = {10.1016/0090-4295(85)90249-3},
pmid = {2990080},
issn = {0090-4295},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Circadian Rhythm ; Creatinine/urine ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Prospective Studies ; Saudi Arabia ; Sex Characteristics ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*urine ; },
abstract = {Urinary calcium excretion was measured in 100 consecutive normocalcemic patients with calcium urolithiasis and 12 Saudi Arabian controls while the patients and the controls were eating their usual diet of unknown calcium content. Only 16 patients were hypercalciuric using the definition of twenty-four-hour urinary calcium of more than 300 mg for males and more than 250 mg for females, and one of these patients was subsequently found to have hyperparathyroidism. The twenty-four-hour urine calcium was less than 200 mg in 60 per cent of male patients and in all the male controls. Since the dietary intake of calcium during the twenty-four-hour urinary collection was unknown, a 1,000-mg calcium loading test was performed in an attempt to differentiate various patterns of abnormal calcium excretion. Of the twenty-four-hour normocalciuric patients 10 (18%) had "absorptive hypercalciuria" and 16 patients (29%) demonstrated a "renal hypercalciuria" pattern. Thirty-nine patients (57%) and all 12 controls had normocalciuria before and after calcium loading.},
}
@article {pmid4068425,
year = {1985},
author = {Ebisuno, S and Morimoto, S and Fukatani, T and Miyazaki, Y and Yasukawa, S and Sawada, Y and Ohkawa, T},
title = {[Studies of experimental calcium oxalate stones. 2. The preventive effects of phytin and citrate on renal deposition of calcium oxalate induced by ethylene glycol administration].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {76},
number = {6},
pages = {843-849},
pmid = {4068425},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Citrates/*pharmacology ; Citric Acid ; Ethylene Glycol ; Ethylene Glycols/*toxicity ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/chemically induced/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Phytic Acid/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; },
}
@article {pmid4068424,
year = {1985},
author = {Ebisuno, S and Morimoto, S and Fukatani, T and Miyazaki, Y and Yasukawa, S and Sawada, Y and Ohkawa, T},
title = {[Studies of experimental calcium oxalate stones. 1. The calcium and magnesium of renal deposition of calcium oxalate induced by ethylene glycol administration].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {76},
number = {6},
pages = {831-842},
pmid = {4068424},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Ethylene Glycol ; Ethylene Glycols/*toxicity ; Kidney/*metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism/pathology ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; },
}
@article {pmid3931444,
year = {1985},
author = {Kawamura, J and Nonomura, M and Okada, Y and Yoshida, O and Takashima, M and Itokawa, Y},
title = {[Effect of etidronate disodium (EHDP) on calcium oxalate renal stones induced by synthetic 1 alpha(OH) vitamin D3 and ethylene glycol in rats].},
journal = {Hinyokika kiyo. Acta urologica Japonica},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {749-762},
pmid = {3931444},
issn = {0018-1994},
mesh = {Animals ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; *Calcitriol/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; *Ethylene Glycols/metabolism ; Etidronic Acid/*pharmacology ; Kidney Calculi/*chemically induced/metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Oxalates/urine ; Oxalic Acid ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; },
abstract = {Combination of 1 alpha(OH) D3(vit D) and ethylene glycol induced renal or ureteral stones or both consisting of calcium oxalate in male Wistar rats. This study investigates the effect of EHDP on calcium oxalate stone using the rat model. EHDP reduced the frequency of renal stone and calcium content in the kidney, and reduced the size of the stones in the renal pelvis and ureter. EHDP biochemically ameliorated renal injury induced by vit D and ethylene glycol. EHDP suppressed urinary excretion of calcium even though serum calcium slightly increased. EHDP had a phosphaturic action. EHDP elevated urinary excretion of magnesium. However, the severity of hypermagnesuria decreased in the rat which was not given EHDP concomitantly. Although EHDP slightly elevated urinary excretion of oxalate in the control rat, it did not affect the high level of urinary oxalate in the vit D/ethylene glycol rat. EHDP did not produce any histological change in the kidney or femoral bone. These data indicate that EHDP can suppress renal stone formation in the vit D/ethylene glycol rat. It is speculated that firstly, EHDP may physicochemically inhibit stone formation in the process of nidus, aggregation and crystal growth of calcium oxalate, under the supersaturated condition of calcium oxalate in the urine, and secondly, EHDP may endocrinologically inhibit production of 1,25 (OH)2 vit D in the kidney or inhibit 1, 25 (OH)2 vit D-mediated intestinal calcium absorption. It is suggested that in order to prevent stone recurrence, EHDP may be clinically applied not only to calcium phosphate stones but also to calcium oxalate stones and hypercalciuria mediated by an active form of vitamin D.},
}
@article {pmid3886933,
year = {1985},
author = {Churchill, DN and Taylor, DW},
title = {Thiazides for patients with recurrent calcium stones: still an open question.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {133},
number = {5},
pages = {749-751},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)49215-9},
pmid = {3886933},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {*Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Clinical Trials as Topic/methods ; Diuretics ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Placebos ; Random Allocation ; Recurrence ; Regression Analysis ; Research Design ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid3884240,
year = {1985},
author = {Whiting, MJ and Watts, JM},
title = {Cholesterol gallstone pathogenesis: a study of potential nucleating agents for cholesterol crystal formation in bile.},
journal = {Clinical science (London, England : 1979)},
volume = {68},
number = {5},
pages = {589-596},
doi = {10.1042/cs0680589},
pmid = {3884240},
issn = {0143-5221},
mesh = {Animals ; Bile/metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Bilirubin/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cattle ; Cholelithiasis/*etiology ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Mucins/metabolism ; Swine ; },
abstract = {Cholesterol monohydrate crystal formation was measured quantitatively in model bile solutions, which were supersaturated with cholesterol, by a radiochemical method and qualitatively in human gallbladder bile by polarizing microscopy. Various agents, which have been postulated to act as nucleating factors for cholesterol crystal and gallstone formation, were added to bile and their effect on the appearance of cholesterol crystals was determined. These agents included calcium salts found in gallstones (calcite, aragonite, apatite, bilirubinate), Escherichia coli bacteria, pigment residues from cholesterol gallstones, bilirubin and several mucin preparations. Human gallbladder bile, which was collected from patients with and without cholesterol gallstones, was also mixed with model bile to examine whether nucleating or anti-nucleating factors were present. None of the agents tested markedly and consistently promoted cholesterol monohydrate crystal formation in model or human bile, except seed crystals of cholesterol monohydrate which were used as a control. Human gallbladder bile from obese patients without gallstones delayed the appearance of cholesterol crystals in model bile solutions, whereas gallbladder bile from gallstone patients did not. These results do not provide experimental support for the hypothesis that calcium salts and pigment material found in gallstones, or gallbladder mucin at concentrations less than 10 mg/ml, act as nucleating agents for cholesterol crystal and stone formation. The difference between gallbladder biles from patients with and without gallstones in their propensity to form cholesterol crystals may be due to the presence of an anti-nucleating factor in normal bile.},
}
@article {pmid3999820,
year = {1985},
author = {Montaño Díaz, M and Pérez Cano, R and Galán Galán, F and Aramburu Bodas, O and Jiménez Rubio-Manzanares, A and Navarro Sarabia, F and Garrido Peralta, M},
title = {[Changes in calcium metabolism in patients with renal lithiasis].},
journal = {Medicina clinica},
volume = {84},
number = {13},
pages = {512-515},
pmid = {3999820},
issn = {0025-7753},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; *Magnesium Compounds ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Parathyroid Hormone/urine ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Struvite ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4069734,
year = {1985},
author = {Di Silverio, F and Gallucci, M and La Pera, G},
title = {Role of calcitonin in calcic calculosis.},
journal = {Panminerva medica},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {89-92},
pmid = {4069734},
issn = {0031-0808},
mesh = {Calcitonin/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid3971866,
year = {1985},
author = {Tschöpe, W and Ritz, E},
title = {[Diagnosis of nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {110},
number = {10},
pages = {381-384},
doi = {10.1055/s-2008-1068832},
pmid = {3971866},
issn = {0012-0472},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Citrates/metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Phosphates/urine ; Sodium/urine ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinary Calculi/*diagnosis ; },
}
@article {pmid4022802,
year = {1985},
author = {Nieszporek, T and Kokot, F},
title = {[Analysis of selected lithogenic factors in patients with active and non-active nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej},
volume = {73},
number = {2},
pages = {91-101},
pmid = {4022802},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Oxalic Acid ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid3991948,
year = {1985},
author = {Moreno, V and Rapado, A and de la Piedra, C and Traba, ML},
title = {[Oral overload of calcium as a diagnostic test in hypercalciuric renal lithiasis].},
journal = {Revista clinica espanola},
volume = {176},
number = {2},
pages = {57-62},
pmid = {3991948},
issn = {0014-2565},
mesh = {*Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnosis/urine ; Male ; },
}
@article {pmid3980248,
year = {1985},
author = {Rasinger, GA and Brandstätter, F and Auinger, A},
title = {[Rhinolithiasis--with special reference to minerology].},
journal = {HNO},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
pages = {65-69},
pmid = {3980248},
issn = {0017-6192},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/*metabolism ; Calculi/*diagnosis ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Female ; Foreign Bodies/*complications/metabolism ; Humans ; *Nasal Mucosa/metabolism ; *Nose ; Nose Diseases/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; X-Ray Diffraction ; },
abstract = {A rhinolith present for 77 years and weighing 18 g. is reported. Special emphasis is given to the problems of establishing the diagnosis of nasal calculi and foreign bodies. Furthermore, the study discusses the mineralogy of the rhinolith on the basis of the results yielded by the electron-ray micro-probe, x-ray diffractometry and infrared-spectroscopy with respect to the mineral Whitlockite.},
}
@article {pmid3886226,
year = {1985},
author = {Yatzidis, H},
title = {Successful sodium thiosulphate treatment for recurrent calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {Clinical nephrology},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {63-67},
pmid = {3886226},
issn = {0301-0430},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; *Calcium Compounds ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/urine ; Calcium Sulfate/urine ; Citrates/urine ; Citric Acid ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Diet ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Recurrence ; Solubility ; Thiosulfates/*therapeutic use/urine ; Time Factors ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {Thirty-four idiopathic rapid calcium stone formers (24 male/10 female) were studied. Their ages ranged from 20 to 60 years (40 +/- 11) and all had good renal function. The trial comprised two consecutive periods of 3 years and 4 years duration respectively. In the first (control period), the patients were maintained on a customary diet with an adequate fluid intake sufficient to produce about 2 liters of urine daily. In the second (treatment period), they received a similar diet plus 20 mmol of sodium thiosulphate daily. New stone development fell from 100 in the control period to 15 in the treatment period, corresponding to a rate of 0.98 and 0.11 per year (p less than 0.001). It is suggested that the benefit from sodium thiosulphate results from calcium thiosulphate formation in urine, a salt with a molar solubility of 250 to 100.000-fold greater than that of other urinary calcium salts.},
}
@article {pmid3883724,
year = {1985},
author = {Stafford, SA and Deluca, SA},
title = {Urinary tract stones.},
journal = {American family physician},
volume = {31},
number = {2},
pages = {219-221},
pmid = {3883724},
issn = {0002-838X},
mesh = {Calcinosis/diagnostic imaging ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; *Magnesium Compounds ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Radiography ; Struvite ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*diagnostic imaging/physiopathology/therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid3970694,
year = {1985},
author = {Barr, R and Stone, B and Craig, TA and Crane, FL},
title = {Evidence for Ca++-calmodulin control of transplasmalemma electron transport in carrot cells.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {126},
number = {1},
pages = {262-268},
doi = {10.1016/0006-291x(85)90600-x},
pmid = {3970694},
issn = {0006-291X},
support = {GMK6, 21839/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Calmodulin/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; Electron Transport ; Ferricyanides/metabolism ; Fluphenazine/pharmacology ; Gallic Acid/analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pimozide/pharmacology ; Plants/*metabolism ; Spectrophotometry ; Trifluoperazine/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Cultured carrot cells exhibit transmembrane ferricyanide reduction through a plasma membrane redox system, which may be associated with an iron reduction and uptake system in plant roots. Here we provide evidence for the inhibition of transplasma membrane ferricyanide reduction by four different Ca2+-calmodulin type antagonists, calmidazolium, trifluoperazine, pimozide and fluphenazine. These compounds inhibit in low concentrations (approximately 5-10 microM) in a time-dependent manner. Higher concentrations (50-100 microM) are required to inhibit transmembrane ferricyanide reduction in 10 min rather than in 30 min. The permeable calcium chelator, TMB-8, also inhibits transmembrane ferricyanide reduction in carrot cells. Since the redox system is controlled by hormones, the effects of anticalmodulin agents on hormone response may be mediated through the redox system.},
}
@article {pmid4069301,
year = {1985},
author = {Tessitore, N and Ortalda, V and Fabris, A and D'Angelo, A and Rugiu, C and Oldrizzi, L and Lupo, A and Valvo, E and Gammaro, L and Loschiavo, C},
title = {Renal acidification defects in patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Nephron},
volume = {41},
number = {4},
pages = {325-332},
doi = {10.1159/000183609},
pmid = {4069301},
issn = {1660-8151},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/*etiology/physiopathology ; Adult ; Ammonium Chloride ; Bicarbonates/blood/metabolism ; Blood ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/physiopathology ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Urine ; },
abstract = {The frequency of renal tubular acidosis was evaluated in 28 adult patients with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis (19 with 'renal' hypercalciuria, 9 with normocalciuria and no metabolic abnormality) and no evidence of obstruction or infection of the urinary tract. Eight patients with hypercalciuria (42%) had a defective renal reabsorption of bicarbonate, based on a fractional excretion of bicarbonate higher than 7% and a TmHCO3/GFR lower than 2.2 mEq/dl; 2 of them had an associated distal defect of acidification, as judged by a U-B pCO2 lower than 18 mm Hg in maximally alkaline urine. One patient with hypercalciuria had distal tubular acidosis, based on a urine pH higher than 5.3 during acidosis. Only 1 patient with normocalciuria had associated proximal and distal acidification defects. The remaining 8 patients displayed a normal renal acidifying capacity. The bicarbonate wastage was independent of serum PTH levels, vitamin D status and hypercalciuria and was associated with a defective tubular reabsorption of phosphate, increased random urinary pH and more active nephrolithiasis, with a prevalence of mixed calcium oxalate and phosphate stones. Our study shows a high incidence of defective tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and 'renal' hypercalciuria and suggests that the proximal acidification defect plays a pathogenetic role in promoting calcium nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid4049606,
year = {1985},
author = {Marangella, M and Daniele, PG and Ronzani, M and Sonego, S and Linari, F},
title = {Urine saturation with calcium salts in normal subjects and idiopathic calcium stone-formers estimated by an improved computer model system.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {189-193},
pmid = {4049606},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism/*urine ; },
abstract = {The state of saturation of urine with calcium salts has been estimated by means of a computer model system whose accuracy has been improved by the use of stability constants of 31 complexes which were re-determined at 37 degrees C and at the actual ionic strength of urine. The experimental determination of the concentration solubility products of calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaOx) and of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (bsh) allows an expression of the saturation degree as free concentration product ratio beta CaOx and beta bsh. Morning urine samples from 50 healthy controls and 50 idiopathic calcium stone-formers and 24 h urines from 40 normal subjects and 192 stone-formers, taking normal diet were investigated by this technique. From our results urine supersaturation with calcium oxalate salts seems to play an important role in calcium stone disease. Hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria seem to be the main pathological features in this regard. The data concerning beta bsh values have not confirmed previous reports in which this parameter was found to be increased in stone-formers.},
}
@article {pmid4049603,
year = {1985},
author = {Hering, F and Briellmann, T and Seiler, H and Rutishauser, G},
title = {Fluoridation of drinking water: effects on kidney stone formation.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {175-178},
pmid = {4049603},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Crystallization ; Ethylene Glycols/toxicity ; *Fluoridation ; Fluorides/*adverse effects/metabolism/urine ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*chemically induced ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; },
abstract = {The influence of fluoride in drinking water on stone formation was studied in animals and in "in vitro" crystallization experiments. In male Wistar rats fluoride inhibits ethylenglycol induced calcification of the kidneys and stone formation. The in vitro results performed in synthetic urine exhibited a dose-dependent delay of crystal growth.},
}
@article {pmid4049602,
year = {1985},
author = {Baumann, JM and Lauber, K and Lustenberger, FX and Wacker, M and Zingg, EJ},
title = {Crystallization conditions in urine of patients with idiopathic recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis and with hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {169-174},
pmid = {4049602},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism/urine ; Crystallization ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites/metabolism/urine ; Hyperparathyroidism/*urine ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {The highest degree of urinary supersaturation with respect to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and brushite at which secondary nucleation and growth of small amounts of COM and hydroxyapatite (HAP) are inhibited was determined by new and simple methods. There were 39 subjects who produced 24 h-urine collections (11 idiopathic stone formers (ISF), 12 patients suffering from primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and 16 healthy controls (HC). These subjects had a moderate calcium and low oxalate intake. The results obtained were compared with the state of urinary saturation and with urine chemistry. The measurements of crystallization conditions with respect to COM were repeated in 26 subjects (11 ISF, 5 HPT, 10 HC) after a dietary oxalate load. In 24 h-urines of HC diluted to 2.4 1/24 h the degree of supersaturation necessary to induce crystallization of COM and HAP was 2-5 times higher than the state of urinary saturation measured under the same test conditions. ISF showed a decreased pyrophosphate concentration and a decreased inhibitory activity to HAP crystallization in their 24 h-urine. The urinary inhibitory activity towards crystallization of HAP showed a positive correlation to urinary pyrophosphate concentration. In the 24 h-urine of HPT hypercalciuria and increased saturation with respect to brushite which reached values to induce HAP crystallization were found. After a dietary oxalate load urinary supersaturation with respect to COM reached values to induce COM crystallization in ISF and HPT but not in HC.},
}
@article {pmid4049601,
year = {1985},
author = {Schwille, PO and Weippert, JH and Bausch, W and Rümenapf, G},
title = {Acute oral alkali citrate load in healthy humans--response of blood and urinary citrate, mineral metabolism, and factors related to stone formation.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {161-168},
pmid = {4049601},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Citrates/administration &amp; dosage/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Minerals/*metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Potassium/urine ; Sodium/urine ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In ten healthy volunteers (male/female = 5/5) the effects of two doses (2.5 and 5.0 g) of orally ingested alkali citrate (AC) on serum citrate, variables of mineral metabolism in serum, the urinary excretion of citrate, sodium and minerals were studied and compared with the effects of an oral vehicle load. Also, phosphate crystalluria and the supersaturation of several stone forming phases in urine were evaluated under all loads. The data allow to conclude that 1) the rise in serum citrate may result from citrate absorbed intestinally under AC; 2) systemic metabolic alkalosis is not detectable with the chosen AC doses but may be reflected by the more alkaline urinary pH and a higher citrate excretion; 3) mineral metabolism, serum ionized calcium, parathormone, calcitonin and urinary cyclic AMP included, are more or less stable under acute loads of AC; 4) postprandial phosphate crystalluria is more pronounced with increasing AC, but despite this the direct correlation with the supersaturation of hydroxyapatite is progressively weakened with both doses AC suggesting that the inhibitory effects of this drug may dominate over its effects upon initiation of precipitation.},
}
@article {pmid4049600,
year = {1985},
author = {Schwille, PO},
title = {Urolithiasis research--where is it going?.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {157-159},
pmid = {4049600},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Research ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4048848,
year = {1985},
author = {Malet, PF and Weston, NE and Trotman, BW and Soloway, RD},
title = {Cyclic deposition of calcium salts during growth of cholesterol gallstones.},
journal = {Scanning electron microscopy},
volume = {},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {775-779},
pmid = {4048848},
issn = {0586-5581},
mesh = {Bile Acids and Salts/*analysis ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/*etiology/metabolism/physiopathology ; Cholesterol/*physiology ; Copper/analysis ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Humans ; Oxygen/analysis ; Phosphorus/analysis ; },
abstract = {Some cholesterol gallstones contain darkly pigmented centers or peripheral concentric pigmented bands. We examined the cross-sectional surface of three cholesterol gallstones which contained both central and peripheral pigmented areas with electron-probe microanalysis (EPM) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDXA) to determine the elemental composition of the pigmented regions. Linear EPM across the cross-sectional surface of the stones demonstrated that most of the pigmented regions of all three stones had high Ca and P signals; the non-pigmented intervening areas had markedly lower or no detectable Ca and P signals. In two of the three stones, high O signals coincided with the high Ca and P signals suggesting that both calcium bilirubinate and calcium phosphate were present in these pigmented areas. EDXA of the central and peripheral pigmented areas of each stone confirmed the presence of a high Ca signal. Our results demonstrate that in some cholesterol gallstones there is cyclic deposition of calcium bilirubinate and other calcium salts.},
}
@article {pmid4018438,
year = {1985},
author = {Boustière, C and Sarles, H and Lohse, J and Durbec, JP and Sahel, J},
title = {Citrate and calcium secretion in the pure human pancreatic juice of alcoholic and nonalcoholic men and of chronic pancreatitis patients.},
journal = {Digestion},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1159/000199209},
pmid = {4018438},
issn = {0012-2823},
mesh = {Alcoholism/*metabolism ; Calcinosis/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Citrates/*metabolism ; Citric Acid ; Humans ; Male ; Pancreas/metabolism ; Pancreatic Juice/*metabolism ; Pancreatitis/*metabolism ; Proteins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Citrate, calcium and protein have been estimated in pure pancreatic juice after a secretin and a CCK injection in 4 patients presenting with alcoholic calcified pancreatitis (ACP), 10 controls without evidence of pancreatic disease, drinking more than 130 g alcohol/day, and 10 controls without evidence of pancreatic disease, drinking less than 20 g alcohol/day. Citrate is normally secreted in the pancreatic juice and this secretion increases in parallel with protein after CCK injection. Citrate secretion is significantly decreased in the two alcoholic groups. Calcium secretion is increased in the ACP, and reasons are presented to suggest that this may be due to lesions of the ducts. These modifications could play a role in the formation of pancreatic stones which are mostly built up of calcium carbonate.},
}
@article {pmid4017928,
year = {1985},
author = {Keller, F and Rauchfuss, E and Glaser, M},
title = {[Fine-structure roentgen analysis for the determination of gallstone components].},
journal = {Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten},
volume = {45},
number = {1},
pages = {31-34},
pmid = {4017928},
issn = {0012-1053},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; *Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Humans ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {Results of the determination of the chemical composition of human gallstones using X-ray diffraction method are reported. With simple handling it is possible beside identification of some other components to distinguish stones rich or poor in cholesterol already for smallest amounts of sample (greater than or equal to 10 mg, for instance endoscopically obtained material). This is significant with respect to the conservative medicamental therapy of lysis.},
}
@article {pmid4015050,
year = {1985},
author = {Thomas, J and Charransol-Maistre, G and Barthelemy, C and Thomas, E and Taboury, JA and Taillandier, E and Desgrez, P and Legrand, JC and Arvis, G and Steg, A},
title = {[Calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite) renal lithiasis].},
journal = {Annales d'urologie},
volume = {19},
number = {2},
pages = {125-127},
pmid = {4015050},
issn = {0003-4401},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/*analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnostic imaging/etiology/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Oxalic Acid ; Radiography ; },
abstract = {Pure calcium oxalate monohydrate lithiasis is rare--about 5 to 10% of total renal lithiases. The proportion is the same in men and women. Pure calcium oxalate stones are a polished dark brown color, and are very hard. They are visualized radiologically as regular and homogeneous. From a biological standpoint, this type of stone is frequently associated with normal calciuria and oxaluria. Pure calcium oxalate monohydrate stones rarely evolve.},
}
@article {pmid4010112,
year = {1985},
author = {Oka, T and Koide, T and Sonoda, T},
title = {[A study on the effect of the treatment for idiopathic calcium urolithiasis on the prevention of recurrences. Estimation of stone episodes and clinical effects].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {76},
number = {1},
pages = {65-73},
doi = {10.5980/jpnjurol1928.76.1_65},
pmid = {4010112},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Allopurinol/*therapeutic use ; *Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diuretics ; Drug Evaluation ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid4008892,
year = {1985},
author = {Aubert, J and Doré, B and Moreau, P and Giraud, JR},
title = {[Pregnancy and lithiasis of the upper urinary tract. Clinical aspects and therapeutic management].},
journal = {Journal de gynecologie, obstetrique et biologie de la reproduction},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {77-84},
pmid = {4008892},
issn = {0368-2315},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/*diagnosis/physiopathology/therapy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis/therapy ; Urinary Calculi/*diagnosis/physiopathology/therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis/therapy ; },
abstract = {Upper urinary tract calculi can be difficult to diagnose and to treat. One has to be aware that there is a risk for the mother which is often not recognized in the long term. The authors describe 17 cases of pregnant women aged between 20 and 33 who were treated for calculi in the Urological Service in Poitiers. They were diagnosed at different stages of pregnancy and a few had a previous urological history. The women presented in different ways, several of them with urinary colic and 10 with urinary colic and fever. Urinary tract infection and septicaemia also occurred. Six patients passed the stones spontaneously. The rest had to be treated by some form of operation, either during the pregnancy or afterwards, including one case of a patient who had to have her kidney and ureter removed and another who had to have a kidney removed. One patient had to have an emergency caesarean section for fetal distress although she had had stone removed at the 20th week of pregnancy. It is not possible to know from this series the incidence of stones in the tract. Various theories of the formation of the stones, including the anatomical changes that occur in the urinary tract in pregnancy, are suggested and these include the hormonal theory of dilatation of the ureters as well as the mechanical theory of changes in the course of the ureters. There are also likely to be changes in the phosphocalcium metabolism. Pain in the lumbar and lower abdominal region is the most frequent symptom occurring in 90-100% of cases and urinary tract infection is common.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)},
}
@article {pmid3982578,
year = {1985},
author = {Bataille, P and Pruna, A and Grégoire, I and Charransol, G and de Frémont, JF and Ledême, N and Finet, M and Coevoet, B and Fievet, P and Fournier, A},
title = {Critical role of oxalate restriction in association with calcium restriction to decrease the probability of being a stone former: insufficient effect in idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Nephron},
volume = {39},
number = {4},
pages = {321-324},
doi = {10.1159/000183398},
pmid = {3982578},
issn = {1660-8151},
mesh = {Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*diet therapy/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage ; Humans ; Oxalates/*administration &amp; dosage ; Oxalic Acid ; Risk ; Urinary Calculi/*prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {The probability of being a stone former (PSF) was calculated in 3 groups of idiopathic calcium stone formers [with normocalciuria (NC), dietary hypercalciuria (DH) and idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH)] in 4 conditions: while on a free diet; on a calcium- and oxalate-restricted diet during 4 days; after an oxalate load, while on a 1.5-gram calcium diet, and after an oxalate load while on a calcium-restricted diet. Combined calcium and oxalate restriction significantly decreased PSF only in NC and DH whereas the decrease was not significant in IH because of a concomitant significant increase in oxalate excretion. Increase of PSF with the oxalate load was significantly greater during a calcium-restricted diet than during the 1.5-gram calcium diet in all groups of patients (4, 6 and 12 times greater in NC, DH and IH, respectively). These data show the critical role of oxalate restriction when calcium is restricted in order to decrease the PSF. This combined restriction is however not sufficient in idiopathic hypercalciuric patients to decrease their PSF.},
}
@article {pmid3974535,
year = {1985},
author = {Barkin, J and Wilson, DR and Manuel, MA and Bayley, A and Murray, T and Harrison, J},
title = {Bone mineral content in idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Mineral and electrolyte metabolism},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {19-24},
pmid = {3974535},
issn = {0378-0392},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neutron Activation Analysis ; Parathyroid Glands/physiology ; },
abstract = {The calcium content of the central one third of the skeleton was measured using neutron activation analysis in 109 patients with idiopathic calcium nephrolithiasis. The bone mineral content (calcium bone index or CaBI, corrected for body size) was significantly decreased by 5.2% in 20- to 60-year-old patients with calcium nephrolithiasis (p less than 0.01). Under age 50 the decrease was more marked in 64 males (7.1%; p less than 0.02) than in 21 females (4.1%; p = NS). There was a significant negative correlation of CaBI with fasting urine calcium/creatinine ratio (r = 0.39; p less than 0.01), but no correlation with age or indices of parathyroid function. The decrease in bone mineral content did not appear to be progressive. The decrease in CaBI indicates negative calcium balance, either in the past or at present, in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis and does not favour increased intestinal absorption as a primary cause. The lack of correlation of CaBI with parameters of parathyroid function does not support a primary renal loss of calcium. The results suggest that increased bone turnover may be an important component of disordered calcium metabolism in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid3881018,
year = {1985},
author = {Sutton, RA},
title = {Diuretics and calcium metabolism.},
journal = {American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {4-9},
doi = {10.1016/s0272-6386(85)80128-1},
pmid = {3881018},
issn = {0272-6386},
mesh = {Absorption ; Acetazolamide/pharmacology ; Adult ; Animals ; *Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Diuretics ; Dogs ; Furosemide/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy ; Kidney Tubules/*metabolism ; Loop of Henle/metabolism ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {In this review the normal renal tubular handling of calcium is briefly described. A detailed examination follows of the sites and modes of action of furosemide and thiazide diuretics on renal calcium handling and overall calcium metabolism. The clinical applications of these effects are also considered. Finally, the use of diuretics with different tubular sites of action on calcium transport as probes to study disorders of calcium excretion is discussed.},
}
@article {pmid3834000,
year = {1985},
author = {Hiraishi, K and Nakamura, S and Yamamoto, S and Kurokawa, K},
title = {[Hypercalcemia-hypocalciuria syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie},
volume = {91},
number = {9},
pages = {605-607},
pmid = {3834000},
issn = {0248-0018},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/genetics/*urine ; Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Syndrome ; },
abstract = {Two patients with urinary calculi presented hypercalcemia with very moderate calciuria and serum parathormone levels. These cases are used as a basis for a description of the familial hypercalcemia-hypocalciuria syndrome reported by Marx, a dominant autosomal disease in which the hypercalcemia is associated with a moderate hypermagnesemia and normal renal function. Pathogenesis is related to an increase in tubular reabsorption of Ca++ and Mg++. Surgery to parathyroids would be of no value since these glands are normal.},
}
@article {pmid2418378,
year = {1985},
author = {Bataille, P and Finet, M and Renaud, H and Fievet, P and Rogez, JC and Fournier, A},
title = {[Medical treatment of idiopathic calcium lithiasis (II)].},
journal = {Nephrologie},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {195-202},
pmid = {2418378},
issn = {0250-4960},
mesh = {Allopurinol/therapeutic use ; Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cellulose/analogs &amp; derivatives/therapeutic use ; Citrates/therapeutic use ; Citric Acid ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Magnesium/therapeutic use ; Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester/therapeutic use ; Phosphorus/therapeutic use ; Phytic Acid/therapeutic use ; Pyridoxine/therapeutic use ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Succinimides/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid2413077,
year = {1985},
author = {Hanley, DA and Wellings, PG},
title = {A "carboxyl terminal" clinical radioimmunoassay for parathyroid hormone with apparent recognition preference for the intact hormone.},
journal = {Journal of immunoassay},
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {245-259},
doi = {10.1080/01971528508063032},
pmid = {2413077},
issn = {0197-1522},
mesh = {Adenoma/blood ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cattle ; Epitopes ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/blood ; Parathyroid Hormone/*analysis/blood ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/blood ; Peptide Fragments/immunology ; Radioimmunoassay/*methods ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {A radioimmunoassay for Parathyroid Hormone which is used in a clinical setting was characterized by immunoreactivity with various synthetic fragments of the hormone, serum parathyroid hormone response to oral calcium intake in normocalcemic calcium stone-formers, and ability to detect fragments of parathyroid hormone secreted by abnormal human parathyroid tissue in vitro. Although almost all of the recognition sites for the antiserum were within the 53-84 carboxyl terminal amino acid sequence of the hormone, the radioimmunoassay mainly detected the "intact" hormone rather than the carboxyl terminal fragment(s) which most "carboxyl-terminal" assays of parathyroid hormone are claimed to preferentially detect. Differences in tertiary structure between the intact hormone and its fragments probably account for the relative inability of this antiserum to detect the carboxyl terminal fragment(s).},
}
@article {pmid524565,
year = {1979},
author = {Hagmaier, V and Flückiger, B and Scholer, A and Remagen, W and Rutishauser, G},
title = {Influence of an orally administered calcium-binding cation exchanger on calcium metabolism in the rat.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {277-279},
pmid = {524565},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cation Exchange Resins/*administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology ; Diet ; Female ; Ion Exchange Resins/*administration &amp; dosage ; Rats ; Urinary Calculi/prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid398355,
year = {1979},
author = {Tschöpe, W and Ritz, E},
title = {[What has been achieved in the therapy of calcium nephrolithiasis?].},
journal = {Der Internist},
volume = {20},
number = {12},
pages = {599-606},
pmid = {398355},
issn = {0020-9554},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; },
}
@article {pmid534214,
year = {1979},
author = {Ulmann, A and Dard, S and Lacour, B and Rieu, M and Roullet, JB and Gueris, J and Funck-Brentano, JL},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria: effects of acute phosphorus deficiency (author's transl)].},
journal = {La Nouvelle presse medicale},
volume = {8},
number = {44},
pages = {3619-3622},
pmid = {534214},
issn = {0301-1518},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/diet therapy/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/diet therapy/etiology ; Magnesium/blood ; Male ; Phosphates/administration &amp; dosage ; Phosphorus/*deficiency ; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; },
abstract = {Eleven patients with kidney stone disease and idiopathic hypercalciuria (urinary calcium above 4 mg/kg/j), without phosphorus renal leak and 6 control subjects have been put for 3 days on a diet containing 1 g calcium and 1 phosphorus daily (period A), and then for 4 days on a diet containing 1 g calcium, 450 mg phosphorus and 3 g aluminium hydroxyde daily (period B). During period A, no significant difference in blood calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, not in phosphaturia, rate of phosphorus reabsorption (RPR) and ratio maximum RPR/creatinine clearance was found between the two groups. After 2 days on a low phosphate diet (period B) the blood phosphorus decreased significantly in the hypercalciuric patients but not in the control subjects, thus revealing among the forme a latent abnormality in the retention of phosphates. This abnormality could play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid526057,
year = {1979},
author = {Perales Juan, JL and Ferrutxe Frau, J and Llopis Mínguez, B},
title = {[Parathyroid adenoma and renal lithiasis. Report of a case].},
journal = {Archivos espanoles de urologia},
volume = {32},
number = {6},
pages = {569-580},
pmid = {526057},
issn = {0004-0614},
mesh = {Adenoma/*complications/diagnostic imaging/surgery ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/diagnostic imaging/*etiology ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/diagnostic imaging/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/*complications/diagnostic imaging/surgery ; Urography ; },
abstract = {A case is presented of nephrolithiasis in a patient with no other symptoms than the urological ones and in which considerable hypercalcemia led to a study being carried out on his phospho-calcium metabolism and the diagnosis reached was primary hyperparathyroidism caused by a parathyroid adenoma. Surgical treatment was performed on the lithiasis and the adenoma as a result of which the symptoms completely disappeared and the biochemical readings returned to normal.},
}
@article {pmid500323,
year = {1979},
author = {Itatani, H and Yoshioka, T and Namiki, M and Koide, T and Takemoto, M and Sonoda, T},
title = {Experimental model of calcium-containing renal stone formation in a rabbit.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {234-240},
pmid = {500323},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Diet ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Hydronephrosis/diagnostic imaging/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/etiology/*metabolism ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Rabbits ; Radiography ; Rats ; Ureteral Obstruction/complications/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; },
abstract = {An experimental method of calcium-containing renal stone formation was devised using a rabbit on normal diet. The stone formation was induced unilaterally, massively, and rapidly in an extremely high incidence by temporary obstruction of the upper urinary tract, but not by permanent obstruction. The contralateral kidney was used as a control. The initial stone formation was not solid but muddy and seemed to occur through massive crystal aggregation, resulting in concretion within a few weeks. We strongly suspect that the mechanism of this stone formation is crystal aggregation induced by temporary obstruction of the kidney. This animal model should contribute to the investigation of the process of crystal aggregation which is considered to be the most important factor in idiopathic calcium stone formation in man.},
}
@article {pmid542223,
year = {1979},
author = {Surian, M and Graziani, G and Colussi, G and Antonacci, A and Aroldi, A and Giacchetti, M and Masi, F and Civati, G and Minetti, L},
title = {Urinary zinc excretion in recurrent calcareous nephrolithiasis (RCN) patients.},
journal = {Minerva nefrologica},
volume = {26},
number = {4},
pages = {537-542},
pmid = {542223},
issn = {0026-4873},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid484524,
year = {1979},
author = {Wilz, DR and Gray, RW and Dominguez, JH and Lemann, J},
title = {Plasma 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations and net intestinal calcium, phosphate, and magnesium absorption in humans.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {32},
number = {10},
pages = {2052-2060},
doi = {10.1093/ajcn/32.10.2052},
pmid = {484524},
issn = {0002-9165},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Feces/analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney/physiology ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Renal Dialysis ; },
abstract = {We evaluated the relationship between plasma concentrations of the renal hormone 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D and net intestinal absorption of Ca, PO4, and Mg in vitamin D-replete patients eating similar diets, who had undetectable, normal or elevated plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D levels, Net intestinal Ca absorption was positively correlated to plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations: percentage dietary Ca absorbed = 10 + 0.17 x plasma total 1,25-(OH)2-3, pmole/liter, r = + 0.58; P less than 0.001. By contrast, there was no significant correlation between PO4 or Mg absorption and plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations. Moreover, significant quantities of PO4 and Mg were absorbed in the absence of detectable plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D. We conclude that net intestinal Ca absorption is critically dependent upon the availability of the renal hormone 1,25-(OH)2-D in vitamin D-replete humans when dietary Ca intake is normal. By contrast, other factors must play a dominant role in regulating net intestinal PO4 and Mg absorption.},
}
@article {pmid37442,
year = {1979},
author = {Bleich, HL and Moore, MJ and Lemann, J and Adams, ND and Gray, RW},
title = {Urinary calcium excretion in human beings.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {301},
number = {10},
pages = {535-541},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197909063011008},
pmid = {37442},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Acidosis/metabolism ; Adult ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/metabolism ; Diet ; Diuretics/pharmacology ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/blood ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/physiology ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid573189,
year = {1979},
author = {Robertson, WG and Heyburn, PJ and Peacock, M and Hanes, FA and Swaminathan, R},
title = {The effect of high animal protein intake on the risk of calcium stone-formation in the urinary tract.},
journal = {Clinical science (London, England : 1979)},
volume = {57},
number = {3},
pages = {285-288},
doi = {10.1042/cs0570285},
pmid = {573189},
issn = {0143-5221},
mesh = {Adult ; *Animal Population Groups ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Dietary Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Nitrogen/urine ; Probability ; Risk ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
abstract = {1. Studies were carried out on six normal male subjects to determine the short-term effect of increasing the dietary consumption of animal protein on the urinary risk factors for stone-formation, namely, volume, pH, calcium oxalate, uric acid and glycosaminoglycans. 2. An increase of 34 g/day of animal protein in the diet significantly increased urinary calcium (23%) and oxalate (24%). Total urinary nitrogen increased by an average of 368 mmol/day. The accompanying increase in dietary purine (11 mmol of purine nitrogen/day) caused a 48% increase in the excretion of uric acid. 3. The overall relative probability of forming stones, calculated from a combination of the risk factors, was markedly increased (250%) throughout the period of high animal protein ingestion.},
}
@article {pmid505680,
year = {1979},
author = {Barilla, DE and Pak, CY},
title = {Pitfalls in parathyroid evaluation in patients with calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {177-182},
pmid = {505680},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
abstract = {Primary hyperparathyroidism is a major cause of calcium urolithiasis and is easily recognised when it is classically manifested. However, subtle presentations of primary hyperparathyroidism may cause confusion with other causes of calcium stone disease or cause diagnostic difficulty. Several pitfalls of parathyroid evaluation and treatment are illustrated by four cases of calcium urolithiasis. Cases 1 and 2 represent ineffective or useless parathyroid surgery rendered for renal hypercalciuria and absorptive hypercalciuria, respectively. Cases 3 and 4 had mild or intermittent hypercalcaemia. The correct diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism was made in Case 3 by parathyroid venous sampling and bone densitometry. In Case 4, the thiazide provocative test was used to establish the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism.},
}
@article {pmid504771,
year = {1979},
author = {Pinto, B and Ruiz-Marcellán, FJ},
title = {Different types of hypercalciuria in patients with renal lithiasis and evidence of the calcium renal waste.},
journal = {Revista espanola de fisiologia},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {311-316},
pmid = {504771},
issn = {0034-9402},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Diuresis ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*urine ; Kidney Function Tests ; },
abstract = {A study of normal subjects and patients with hypercalciuria and recurrent renal stones has identified three main types of hypercalciuria: complex, absorptive and renal. Complex hypercalciuria is a combination of absorption, renal leak and resorption factors. Absorption and renal leak were examined by means of a 45Ca test. Resorption is defined as an increase of the urinary calcium:creatinine ratio while the subjects are being maintained on an intake of 400 mg of calcium per 24 h.},
}
@article {pmid388796,
year = {1979},
author = {Schwille, PO},
title = {A survey of calcium urolithiasis in normocalcemic hypercalciuria: possible role of nutrients and diet-mediated factors.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {149-155},
pmid = {388796},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; *Diet ; Dietary Carbohydrates/metabolism ; Dietary Fats/metabolism ; Dietary Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Magnesium Deficiency/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Three types of hypercalciuria are described; their existence and frequent association with calcium urolithiasis in humans are accepted. Various dietary factors such as minerals, electrolytes, fluids, vitamin D, carbohydrates, proteins are discussed with regard to their ability to alter the nature and the degree of calcium excretion following their ingestion. It is emphasised that at present we have only limited knowledge on the chain of events linking calorie intake and the response of the kidney.},
}
@article {pmid540823,
year = {1979},
author = {Shabtai, M and Malamud, A and Berenheim, J and Haimovitz, C and Kedar, SS and Better, OS},
title = {[Increased incidence of nephrolithiasis among lifeguards in Israel].},
journal = {Harefuah},
volume = {97},
number = {3-4},
pages = {57-59},
pmid = {540823},
issn = {0017-7768},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Israel ; Kidney Calculi/*epidemiology/metabolism ; Occupational Diseases/*epidemiology ; Swimming ; },
}
@article {pmid473457,
year = {1979},
author = {Schwille, PO and Paulus, M and Scholz, D and Sigel, A and Wilhelm, E},
title = {[Urinary oxalate in recurrent calcium urolithiasis with and without hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands and in healthy controls. influence of age and season (author's transl)].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {215-224},
pmid = {473457},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Factors ; Body Weight ; Calcium/metabolism ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/complications/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/*urine ; Recurrence ; Seasons ; Urinary Calculi/complications/metabolism/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid473452,
year = {1979},
author = {Matouschek, E and Huber, R},
title = {[The conservative therapy of urolithiasis (author's transl)].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {193-198},
pmid = {473452},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Allopurinol/therapeutic use ; Aluminum Hydroxide/therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Humans ; Ion Exchange ; Magnesium/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Pyridoxine/therapeutic use ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Succinimides/therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {Some common conservative treating methods of urolithiasis are critically discussed. Based on physico-chemical relationships of solubility and cristallisation of stone-forming compounds our own methods of conservative treatment of urolithiasis is presented.},
}
@article {pmid447082,
year = {1979},
author = {Van Den Berg, CJ},
title = {Clinical evaluation of renal lithiasis.},
journal = {Geriatrics},
volume = {34},
number = {7},
pages = {35-42},
pmid = {447082},
issn = {0016-867X},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/diagnosis ; Cystinuria/complications/diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Medical History Taking ; Oxalates/urine ; Physical Examination ; Radiography ; Uric Acid/urine ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*etiology/metabolism ; Xanthines/urine ; },
abstract = {Determining metabolic activity in urolithiasis may avoid excessive laboratory tests and unnecessary treatment. A simple regimen such as increased oral fluids is often effective therapy in metabolically inactive disease. Most cases of renal lithiasis are idiopathic, but a complete examination and laboratory work-up will usually establish an accurate etiologic diagnosis.},
}
@article {pmid262272,
year = {1979},
author = {Ciccarelli, C and Pizzarelli, F and Parlongo, S and Maggiore, Q},
title = {[Incidence and genesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria in calcic urolithiasis in a southern area].},
journal = {Minerva nefrologica},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {321-323},
pmid = {262272},
issn = {0026-4873},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications ; Male ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*complications ; },
}
@article {pmid262269,
year = {1979},
author = {Graziani, G and Mioni, G and Aroldi, A and Surian, M and Cecchettin, M and Galmozzi, C and Lorenzano, E and Bonforte, G},
title = {[Hyperparathyroidism and recurrent calcic nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Minerva nefrologica},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {305-308},
pmid = {262269},
issn = {0026-4873},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid221862,
year = {1979},
author = {Bertolissi, F and Maschio, M and Benedetti, A},
title = {[Kidney and parathyroid hormone].},
journal = {Minerva medica},
volume = {70},
number = {27},
pages = {1951-1955},
pmid = {221862},
issn = {0026-4806},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism ; Hypoparathyroidism/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism/*physiology ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/physiology ; Parathyroid Hormone/*physiology ; Phosphorus/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid465983,
year = {1979},
author = {Backman, U and Danielson, BG and Johansson, G and Ljunghall, S and Wikström, },
title = {Effects of therapy with bendroflumethiazide in patients with recurrent renal calcium stones.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {51},
number = {3},
pages = {175-180},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410x.1979.tb02860.x},
pmid = {465983},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Bendroflumethiazide/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Electrolytes/blood/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control/urine ; Recurrence ; Time Factors ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Forty-four patients with recurrent formation of calcium-containing renal stones were treated with bendroflumethiazide for at least 2 years. Prior to treatment each patient had formed, on average, one stone per year for 8 years; during treatment only 4 patients formed new stones. A reduction in urinary calcium excretion was seen in almost all patients irrespective of their initial urinary calcium level. The apparent clinical benefit was not related to pre-treatment urinary electrolyte levels. Side effects were slight: one patient developed symptomatic hyperuricaemia and in one case sustained hypercalcaemia was found. Long-term treatment with thiazides appears to be a safe and effective method for the prevention of recurrent calcium stones.},
}
@article {pmid458948,
year = {1979},
author = {Peterson, LJ and Hruska, KA},
title = {The benefits of evaluation of the patient with recurrent or multiple calcium stones.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {121},
number = {6},
pages = {766-768},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)56984-0},
pmid = {458948},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/diagnosis ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/diagnosis ; Intestinal Absorption/drug effects ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Prospective Studies ; Recurrence ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/drug therapy/*etiology ; },
abstract = {Metabolic evaluation of patients with multiple or recurrent calcium stones has been fruitful. The great majority of cases has demonstrated abnormalities contributing to stone formation. Hypercalciuria on the basis of increased intestinal absorption of calcium was a common finding. The evaluation led to improved guide lines for therapy.},
}
@article {pmid447479,
year = {1979},
author = {Schwille, PO and Scholz, D and Paulus, M and Engelhardt, W and Sigel, A},
title = {Citrate in daily and fasting urine: results of controls, patients with recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis, and primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {16},
number = {6},
pages = {457-462},
pmid = {447479},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Factors ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Citrates/metabolism/*urine ; Creatinine/metabolism/urine ; Fasting ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism/metabolism/*urine ; Male ; Recurrence ; Sex Factors ; Time Factors ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism/*urine ; },
abstract = {In three groups--patients with recurrent calcium urolithiasis (RCU), patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), and healthy controls--citrate was measured enzymatically in 24 and in 2-hr urine after an overnight fast. Citrate excretion per 24 hr was significantly lower in RCU than in age and sex matched controls, whereas there was no significant difference in citrate excretion in urines from the 2-hr morning collection. In pHPT citrate was also lower than in controls and fell within the range of RCU of comparable age. Both categories of urines (24 and 2hr) have in common the characteristic that the actual citrate concentration is lower by 50 per cent in RCU and pHPT than in controls, mainly as a result of the higher urine volume. Correction of citrate for creatinine does not disclose further differences among the populations studied but conversely hampers exact interpretation of urinary citrate in the absence of strict separation of individuals according to sex and age. From these data we conclude that (i) a low excretion and concentration of urinary citrate is detectable in calcium lithiasis and may contribute to a deficiency in inhibitory activity against nucleating processes in stone-forming urine; and (ii) the differences in urinary citrate elicited in samples of 24 and 2-hr morning urine are of unknown origin and merit further investigations.},
}
@article {pmid439265,
year = {1979},
author = {Sinno, K and Boyce, WH and Resnick, MI},
title = {Childhood urolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {121},
number = {5},
pages = {662-664},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)56932-3},
pmid = {439265},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; *Urinary Calculi/diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urologic Diseases/complications ; },
abstract = {Between 1965 and 1976, 54 children with urolithiasis were evaluated and treated. Age, sex, race distribution, patient symptomatology, stone localization and type are outlined. The relationship of stone formation to urinary infection and/or genitourinary anomalies is reviewed, and treatment and recurrence patterns are studied.},
}
@article {pmid439249,
year = {1979},
author = {Drach, GW and Perin, R and Jacobs, S},
title = {Outpatient evaluation of patients with calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {121},
number = {5},
pages = {564-567},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)56881-0},
pmid = {439249},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Ambulatory Care/economics ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Magnesium/urine ; Male ; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital ; Oxalates/urine ; Uric Acid/blood/urine ; Urinary Calculi/economics/*etiology/therapy ; },
abstract = {Eighty patients with proved calcium urolithiasis participated in an outpatient study designed to define the most likely metabolic problem related to the cause of the stone disease. Diagnostic categories included absorptive hypercalciuria (33 patients), renal leak hypercalciuria (20 patients), hypomagnesiumuria (27 patients), hyperuricemia and hyperuricuria (16 patients), hyperoxaluria (15 patients), normal stone-former (4 patients), renal tubular acidosis (2 patients) and suspicion of hyperparathyroidism (7 patients). Of the 80 patients 40 had more than 1 defect. Patients with a high suspicion of hyperparathyroidism were excluded from the study. Based on these criteria treatment plans incorporating medications, diet or both were instituted. Of 21 patients observed for greater than 2 years 90 per cent have shown no new stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid220433,
year = {1979},
author = {Bone, HG and Zerwekh, JE and Britton, F and Pak, CY},
title = {Treatment of calcium urolithiasis with diphosphonate: efficacy and hazards.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {121},
number = {5},
pages = {568-571},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)56883-4},
pmid = {220433},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; Bone and Bones/drug effects ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Drug Evaluation ; Etidronic Acid/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy ; },
abstract = {The effect of treatment of renal stone formation with 5 to 20 mg./kg. per day oral disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate for up to 30 months was examined in 12 patients with active renal (calcium) stone disease. The over-all incidence of stone passage decreased from 17.8 stones per year per patient before treatment to 7.7 stones per year per patient during therapy. Of the 12 patients 7 passed fewer stones or no stones during treatment. However, the incidence of stone passage was not changed substantially by disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate in 5 patients. Symptoms of muscle weakness and pain in the back, hips and shoulders occurred in 3 patients during treatment, 2 patients had an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and 1 patient had a decrease in bone density. Although disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate may be clinically useful to manage calcium urolithasis in certain patients its over-all use is limited because of its ineffectiveness in some patients and owing to its potential to induce osteomalacia.},
}
@article {pmid34098,
year = {1979},
author = {Broadus, AE and Thier, SO},
title = {Metabolic basis of renal-stone disease.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {300},
number = {15},
pages = {839-845},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197904123001507},
pmid = {34098},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Cystine/metabolism ; Cystinuria/complications ; Dehydration/complications ; Diet ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism/urine ; Male ; Oxalates/urine ; Risk ; Uric Acid/metabolism/urine ; Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid457206,
year = {1979},
author = {Thind, SK and Nath, R and Aggarwal, SK and Rao, MS and Bapna, BC},
title = {Calcium-45 uptake in blood and urine in experimental urolithiasis and idiopathic stoneformers.},
journal = {The Indian journal of medical research},
volume = {69},
number = {},
pages = {639-644},
pmid = {457206},
issn = {0971-5916},
mesh = {Adult ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid439046,
year = {1979},
author = {Will, EJ},
title = {The management of renal stone disease.},
journal = {Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {66-69},
pmid = {439046},
issn = {0035-8819},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Feeding Behavior ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/prevention &amp; control/urine ; Thiazines/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid759893,
year = {1979},
author = {Coe, FL and Parks, JH and Moore, ES},
title = {Familial idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {300},
number = {7},
pages = {337-340},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197902153000703},
pmid = {759893},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Factors ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*genetics/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pedigree ; },
abstract = {The frequency of hypercalciuria was determined in the families of nine hypercalciuric patients with idiopathic hypercaliuria who formed recurrent calcium oxalate renal stones. Idiopathic hypercalciuria occurred in 26 of 73 relatives, in three consecutive generations of two families and in two successive generations of four other families. Multiple siblings or children of the probands were affected in three families. Nineteen of 44 first-degree relatives (43 per cent) had idiopathic hypercalciuria, as compared to seven of 29 (29 per cent) other relatives; there was no relation to age or sex. Renal stones were formed by 19 of the 44 first-degree relatives but by none of the others; nine of the 19 were women. We conclude that there is a familial form of hypercalciuria, which appears to be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Stone disease is frequent in first-degree relatives, and affects both sexes equally.},
}
@article {pmid488032,
year = {1979},
author = {Kazantzis, G},
title = {Renal tubular dysfunction and abnormalities of calcium metabolism in cadmium workers.},
journal = {Environmental health perspectives},
volume = {28},
number = {},
pages = {155-159},
pmid = {488032},
issn = {0091-6765},
mesh = {Aged ; Air Pollution ; Cadmium/*toxicity ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/chemically induced ; Kidney Tubules/drug effects/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases/*chemically induced/metabolism ; Osteomalacia/blood/chemically induced/urine ; Osteoporosis/chemically induced ; Proteinuria/*chemically induced ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Tubular proteinuria is generally accepted as the critical effect following long-term, low-level exposure to cadmium as seen in an industrial environment. This effect may not be of immediate importance to the health of the individual, but the significance, in terms of long-term morbidity and mortality, of the renal tubular defect of which it is an indicator is not fully understood, and certain sequelae may have remained unrecognized due to inadequate follow-up.Follow-up studies have been performed in nine of 12 workers who were initially investigated in 1962. In six of the men exposures ranged from 28 to 45 years to cadmium sulfide dust and for shorter periods in the earlier years to cadmium oxide fume and dust. These six men had tubular proteinuria when first seen, and this has persisted in the five survivors. All six men had hypercalciuria, and two of them became recurrent stone formers. One man whose urinary calcium excretion later fell to a low level more recently developed vitamin D resistant osteomalacia. In addition, each of the six men had exhibited some, but not all, of a variety of biochemical abnormalities related to other proximal renal tubular defects, and the worker who developed osteomalacia had additional evidence of a distal tubular defect. The five survivors also have evidence of slowly progressive deterioration in glomerular function.Follow-up of this small group has shown that renal tubular dysfunction in cadmium workers may continue symptom-free for long intervals, but in a proportion of cases serious clinical effects may develop after a number of years.},
}
@article {pmid443649,
year = {1979},
author = {Weber, DV and Coe, FL and Parks, JH and Dunn, MS and Tembe, V},
title = {Urinary saturation measurements in calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Annals of internal medicine},
volume = {90},
number = {2},
pages = {180-184},
doi = {10.7326/0003-4819-90-2-180},
pmid = {443649},
issn = {0003-4819},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Oxalate/*urine ; Chlorthalidone/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/metabolism/*urine ; Male ; Time Factors ; Trichlormethiazide/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Urinary saturation with respect to calcium oxalate monohydrate was measured in 111 consecutive patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. Each patient also was evaluated by a detailed conventional metabolic protocol. Patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria produced abnormally oversaturated urine more frequently than normal subjects and normocalciuric patients, but normocalciuric patients had unexpectedly high levels of urine saturation. Measuring levels of calcium concentration, oxalate concentration, or the chemical concentration product of calcium and oxalate in urine did not predict oversaturation. During thiazide treatment, saturation level tended to fall if it was initially elevated, whether the patient was hypercalciuric or not. Patients whose urine was not remarkably oversaturated showed no tendency to elaborate even less saturated urine during thiazide treatment; instead, the average calcium oxalate saturation level remained constant. Direct urine saturation measurements can detect a small but significant number of normocalciuric patients who have marked oversaturation with respect to calcium oxalate and appear to benefit from treatment.},
}
@article {pmid34218,
year = {1979},
author = {Mirouze, J and Monnier, L and Granier, MP and Borderies, A and Gauthier, N},
title = {[Dietary and drug treatments of calcium nephrolithiasis (author's transl)].},
journal = {La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris},
volume = {55},
number = {1-2},
pages = {7-13},
pmid = {34218},
mesh = {Benzothiadiazines ; *Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Cation Exchange Resins/therapeutic use ; Chemical Precipitation ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/diet therapy/drug therapy/*therapy ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Oxalates/urine ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Succinimides/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Dietary and drug treatments of calcium nephrolithiasis depend mainly on the mineral composition of renal stones: calcium oxalate, phosphate or mixed stones. The association with an hypercalciuria is an important factor which must be taken into account because oxalates and phosphates precipitate as calcium crystals in case of urinnary oversaturation. Despite many therapies have been proposed, their efficiency seems to be rather small when they are used alone. Usually, it is necessary to act on several factors with a combination of therapeutic methods. Absorptive hypercalciuria are improved with both low calcium diets and inhibitors of calcium absorption. In renal hypercalciuria, the treatment is based on the administration of thiazide diuretics which enhance calcium renal tubular reabsorption. The other therapeutic methods depend on the nature of renal stones: urinary acidification for calcium phosphate; administration of succinimide, oral phosphate or organic phosphonates for calcium oxalate stones; association with purine biosynthesis inhibitors in case of the presence of urates in renal calculi.},
}
@article {pmid536945,
year = {1979},
author = {Macleod, MA and Blacklock, NJ},
title = {The influence of glucose and crude fibre (wheat bran) on the rate of intestinal 47Ca absorption. The influence of glucose and wheat bran on calcium absorption.},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service},
volume = {65},
number = {3},
pages = {143-146},
pmid = {536945},
issn = {0035-9033},
mesh = {Absorption ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; *Cellulose ; *Dietary Fiber ; Glucose/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Phytic Acid/pharmacology ; *Triticum ; },
}
@article {pmid524040,
year = {1979},
author = {Kim, KM},
title = {X-ray analysis of pathological calcifications including urinary stones.},
journal = {Scanning electron microscopy},
volume = {},
number = {2},
pages = {739-744},
pmid = {524040},
issn = {0586-5581},
mesh = {Aorta/metabolism ; Calcinosis/*metabolism/pathology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Electron Probe Microanalysis/methods ; Microscopy, Electron/methods ; Nephrocalcinosis/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Synovial Membrane/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Electron-probe microanalysis (EPM) is an ideal technique with which to study biological calcification. It is particularly effective in identification of crystalline or non-crystalline deposits of minute size in tissues, and in detecting artifacts which may occur during tissue processing. Human aorta, aortic valves, tumours, joint fluid, and calculus specimens were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EPM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected-area electron diffraction (ED). Crystals found in the specimens were definitively identified by combined SEM-EPM. It is apparent that EPM is an invaluable tool that will potentially improve the acuity of 'in house' laboratory diagnosis of many pathological calcifications.},
}
@article {pmid500385,
year = {1979},
author = {Meier, W and Blumberg, A and Imahorn, W and De Luca, F and Wildberger, H and Oetliker, O},
title = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria with bilateral macular colobomata: a new variant of oculo-renal syndrome.},
journal = {Helvetica paediatrica acta},
volume = {34},
number = {3},
pages = {257-269},
pmid = {500385},
issn = {0018-022X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/genetics/urine ; Child ; *Coloboma/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/genetics ; Kidney Function Tests ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/diagnostic imaging/genetics ; *Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome/classification ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Radiography ; *Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors/classification ; *Retinal Degeneration/complications/genetics/pathology ; Syndrome ; },
abstract = {Two siblings from a consanguineous family, suffering from nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis caused by idiopathic hypercalciuria are described. The condition is associated with bilateral macular colobomata and tapeto-retinal degeneration. It is known that the latter can occur together with different nephropathies; however, until now it has never been described in combination with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Blood calcium levels were found to be normal, calcium excretion rates were, with one exception, more than 6 mg/kg/24 h corrected for 100 ml GFR. Hypomagnesemia of 1.5 and 1.2 mg/dl and hyermagnesuria of 1.9 and 2.5 mg/kg/24 h corrected for 100 ml GFR were found in both patients. Tubular phosphate reabsorption reached 87% and 84% at serum parathormone levels of 0.34 microgram/l and 0.31 microgram/l in the two patients, respectively. Under calcium and magnesium loading the clearance rates of calcium and magnesium were raised whilst there was only a small insignificant increase in the blood levels of these cations. Acid-base titrations showed normal excretion rates of acid and base in one patient and a mild proximal tubular acidosis in the other. Quantitative investigation of the renal concentrating and diluting capacity established a decrease in the formation of the medullary concentrating gradient in both patients.},
}
@article {pmid491744,
year = {1979},
author = {Harrison, HE and Harrison, HC},
title = {Disorders of calcium and phosphate metabolism in childhood and adolescence.},
journal = {Major problems in clinical pediatrics},
volume = {20},
number = {},
pages = {1-314},
pmid = {491744},
issn = {0076-2865},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Animals ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcinosis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/diagnosis/*therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Osteomalacia ; Osteosclerosis ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/diagnosis/*therapy ; Pregnancy ; Rickets ; Urinary Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid428408,
year = {1979},
author = {Hering, F and Lutzeyer, W},
title = {Resorptive and absorptive hypercalciuria. Therapy with sodium cellulose phosphate or thiazides.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {29-31},
pmid = {428408},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Absorption ; *Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Cellulose/*therapeutic use ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Magnesium/urine ; Male ; Oxalates/urine ; Phosphates/*therapeutic use ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Patients with recurrent stone disease and hypercalciuria were cleared up according to Nordin's schedule. In cases of absorptive hypercalciuria, an ion exchanger operating in the intestine, sodium cellulose phosphate (SCP), is applied under strict control of oxalate, calcium and magnesium excretion as well as ionized calcium in serum. Under treatment with SCP (27 patients), we found a reduction in the renal excretion of calcium and magnesium, and, as a side effect, a significant augmentation of the renal oxalate excretion. In cases of resorptive or resorptive/absorptive hypercalciuria, except in patients with primary HPT, 23 patients were mediated by thiazides (Esidrix). This drug effects a marked decrease of urinary calcium based on a higher rate of reabsorption of calcium in the distal tubule. No severe side effects especially primary HPT were observed.},
}
@article {pmid428406,
year = {1979},
author = {Tiktinsky, OL},
title = {On the pathogenesis of stone formation in stone-eliminating patients.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {22-25},
doi = {10.1159/000473054},
pmid = {428406},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphoric Acids/metabolism ; Salts ; Uric Acid/biosynthesis/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/diagnosis/*etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The clinical peculiarities, and the etiological and pathogenetic factors of urolithiasis in 296 patients suffering from spontaneous stone elimination were studied. It was established that 209 patients eliminated stones consisting of uric acid, sodium salts and ammonium salts. Moderate hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia and also hyperuricemia and hyperuricuria were present. There were 39 'eliminators' of calcium stones. Their blood calcium content was higher, hypercalciuria, inorganic phosphorus and normal uric acid, were noted. Compound stones were present in 48 observations. When carrying out additional biochemical tests in 57 patients with calcium and compound stones, primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in 34 observations; and parathyroidectomy was successfully performed.},
}
@article {pmid232583,
year = {1979},
author = {Lilien, OM and Krauss, DJ and Hammond, WS and Schoonmaker, JE},
title = {Evidence for a new mammalian organ. IV. Stone formation.},
journal = {Transactions of the American Association of Genito-Urinary Surgeons},
volume = {71},
number = {},
pages = {58-61},
pmid = {232583},
issn = {0065-7204},
mesh = {Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Oxalate/*metabolism ; Diphosphates/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism ; Rats ; Strontium/metabolism ; Strontium Radioisotopes ; Technetium ; Tissue Distribution ; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid220549,
year = {1979},
author = {Pak, CY},
title = {Kidney stones: various forms and treatment.},
journal = {Nephron},
volume = {23},
number = {2-3},
pages = {142-146},
doi = {10.1159/000181624},
pmid = {220549},
issn = {1660-8151},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*physiopathology/therapy ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {Calcium urolithasis is not a homogeneous entity, but is a result of many etiologies, with different physicochemical and physiological backgrounds. This diversity of presentation requires an appreciation of specific diagnostic criteria, and a selection of an appropriate treatment regimen for each cause.},
}
@article {pmid723991,
year = {1978},
author = {Netelenbos, JC and Haagsma-Schouten, WA and Lopes Cardozo, E},
title = {[Hypercalciuria and kidney calculi].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
volume = {122},
number = {51},
pages = {2020-2025},
pmid = {723991},
issn = {0028-2162},
mesh = {Calcitonin/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/metabolism ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/physiology ; Growth Hormone/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/metabolism ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/physiology ; Recurrence ; Thyroid Hormones/physiology ; },
}
@article {pmid741025,
year = {1978},
author = {Castrillo García, J and Rodríguez-Miñón Cifuentes, J and Salinas Casado, J},
title = {[Sponge kidney (review of 34 cases of a lithiasic population)].},
journal = {Revista clinica espanola},
volume = {151},
number = {5},
pages = {389-393},
pmid = {741025},
issn = {0014-2565},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism ; Male ; Medullary Sponge Kidney/complications/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid750062,
year = {1978},
author = {Pak, CY},
title = {Calcium urolithiasis: is it analogous to bone formation?.},
journal = {Calcified tissue research},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {195-197},
pmid = {750062},
issn = {0008-0594},
mesh = {Bone and Bones/*physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Kidney/physiopathology ; Urinary Calculi/*physiopathology ; },
}
@article {pmid750399,
year = {1978},
author = {Thind, SK and Nath, R},
title = {Experimental urolithiasis: Part III-metabolic alterations of calcium, phosphorus &amp; oxalate using 45Ca, 32P &amp; oxalate (U)-14C.},
journal = {Indian journal of experimental biology},
volume = {16},
number = {11},
pages = {1161-1163},
pmid = {750399},
issn = {0019-5189},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Male ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Phosphorus Radioisotopes ; Rats ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid214923,
year = {1978},
author = {Nelson, JH and Rehm, RA and Riemenschneider, HW and Wise, HA and Pflug, B and Kemple, K and Whitehouse, WK and Winter, CC},
title = {Oral calcium tolerance and urinary cyclic AMP in urolithiasis.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {12},
number = {5},
pages = {519-524},
doi = {10.1016/0090-4295(78)90464-8},
pmid = {214923},
issn = {0090-4295},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Calcium ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*diagnosis ; Cyclic AMP/*urine ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Prospective Studies ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
abstract = {Oral calcium tolerance and urinary cyclic AMP testing was used in the evaluation of 61 unselected patients with stones. The oral calcium tolerance test was easy to perform and was useful in defining several distinct metabolic abnormalities contributing to calculous formation. Oral calcium tolerance testing is more precise than twenty-four-hour urinary calcium determination and should provide a means of determining proper medical treatment of urolithiasis. Urinary cyclic AMP was disappointing as a measure of parathormone activity.},
}
@article {pmid718407,
year = {1978},
author = {Kaplan, PE and Gandhavadi, B and Richards, L and Goldschmidt, J},
title = {Calcium balance in paraplegic patients: influence of injury duration and ambulation.},
journal = {Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation},
volume = {59},
number = {10},
pages = {447-450},
pmid = {718407},
issn = {0003-9993},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Bed Rest/adverse effects ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Early Ambulation ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Paraplegia/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*rehabilitation ; },
abstract = {Calcium metabolic balance determinations, which have been done in various clinical and experimental conditions, were applied to the study of 8 spinal cord injured patients receiving a diet with 1600 mg calcium and 85 to 120 gm protein daily. All of the patients had hypercalciuria prior to ambulation. Those with spinal cord injuries of less than 3 months duration (early group) had a calcium balance of -27 mg before ambulation and 235 mg after ambulation. Patients with spinal cord injuries of 6 months or more duration (late group) had calcium balances of 55 mg before ambulation and 175 mg after ambulation. Ambulation significantly decreased the hypercalciuria and modified the calcium balance in a positive direction. Smaller changes were noted in the responses of the late group than in those of the early group. Early ambulation will probably prevent bone loss, calcium stones in the genitourinary tract, and other sequellae of negative calcium balance.},
}
@article {pmid700171,
year = {1978},
author = {Lian, JB and Hauschka, PV and Gallop, PM},
title = {Properties and biosynthesis of a vitamin K-dependent calcium binding protein in bone.},
journal = {Federation proceedings},
volume = {37},
number = {12},
pages = {2615-2620},
pmid = {700171},
issn = {0014-9446},
mesh = {1-Carboxyglutamic Acid/metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Development ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcinosis/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Carboxy-Lyases/metabolism ; Carrier Proteins/*metabolism ; Chickens ; Culture Techniques ; Microsomes/enzymology ; Vitamin K/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Bone, whether of endochondral or intramembranous origin, contains the vitamin K-dependent calcium binding amino acid residue gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) in a small, anionic protein we have named osteocalcin. This protein, which constitutes 0.5 to 1.0% of the total bone proteins and about 20% of the noncollagenous protein, is extractable by EDTA, and contains at least 90% of bone Gla. Analysis of purified osteocalcin from chicken bone and independent sequence studies of an analogous bovine bone protein show no apparent homology to the Gla-containing region of prothrombin. Chicken osteocalcin specifically binds 2 moles of calcium ions per 6,500 g protein. Employing coumarin drugs and vitamin K-deficient diets, vitamin K-dependent osteocalcin biosynthesis has been demonstrated in the chick before and after hatching. Organ cultures of embryonic chick bone show de novo synthesis of osteocalcin, and microsomal preparations of embryonic bone also exhibit vitamin K-dependent carboxylase activity. In addition to the presence of osteocalcin in bone, a Gla-protein of unknown function is present in normal nonmineralized kidney cortex. Furthermore, in various pathological calcifications such as hard atheromatous plaque, renal calculi, and subcutaneous ectopic calcifications other Gla-proteins are found, thus implicating such proteins and vitamin K in many facets of calcium metabolism.},
}
@article {pmid211499,
year = {1978},
author = {Tschöpe, W and Schmidt-Gayk, H and Ritz, E},
title = {[Therapeutic measures in recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis},
volume = {67},
number = {38},
pages = {1385-1388},
pmid = {211499},
issn = {1013-2058},
mesh = {Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cellulose/therapeutic use ; Diet Therapy ; Diphosphates/metabolism ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption/drug effects ; Ion Exchange ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Recurrence ; Sodium/therapeutic use ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/*therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid685868,
year = {1978},
author = {Singh, PP and Singh, LB and Prasad, SN and Singh, MG},
title = {Urolithiasis in Manipur (north eastern region of India). Incidence and chemical composition of stones.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {31},
number = {9},
pages = {1519-1525},
doi = {10.1093/ajcn/31.9.1519},
pmid = {685868},
issn = {0002-9165},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; India ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Religion ; Sex Factors ; Urinary Calculi/*epidemiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The incidence of urolithiasis in Manipur is very high. From hospital records for a period of 7 years and 3 months, it was observed to be 11.6% of all general surgery cases in the General Hospital, Imphal. This is alarmingly high. The social, eating, drinking, and living habits are different among the three major populations in this state. The prevalence was minimal among Tribals. Compared to them the prevalence was about one and one half times higher among Muslims (also called Pangals) and seven times higher among Hindus. Surprisingly, the incidence of renal calcalus was higher in females. One hundred ninety-six stones were studied by wet chemical analysis. Calcium and oxalate were present in all stones. Phosphate was present in 194 stones and uric acid (including urate) was present in 146 stones.},
}
@article {pmid688743,
year = {1978},
author = {Kanis, JA},
title = {Renal disease and disorders of calcium metabolism.},
journal = {Comprehensive therapy},
volume = {4},
number = {8},
pages = {44-50},
pmid = {688743},
issn = {0098-8243},
mesh = {Bone Diseases/*etiology/therapy ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/therapy ; Kidney Diseases/*complications/metabolism/therapy ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid693386,
year = {1978},
author = {Musialik, D and Głuszek, J and Raszeja-Wanic, B},
title = {[Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on calcium-magnesium parameters in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)},
volume = {33},
number = {30},
pages = {1173-1175},
pmid = {693386},
issn = {0032-3756},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*pharmacology ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; },
}
@article {pmid701062,
year = {1978},
author = {Buser, U and Lauffenburger, T and Wacker, HR and Hagmaier, V and Rutishauser, G and Haas, HG},
title = {[Normocalcemic nephrolithiasis and primary hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Helvetica chirurgica acta},
volume = {45},
number = {3},
pages = {263-266},
pmid = {701062},
issn = {0018-0181},
mesh = {Absorption ; Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications/metabolism ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Kidney Tubules/physiology ; },
abstract = {In normocalciuric and in hypercalciuric renal stone formers tubular calcium reabsorption (TRCa) was studied before and during an intravenous calcium infusion. In addition two patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) were studied. TRCa was decreased in hypercalciuric stone formers whereas an increase was noted both in pHPT and in normocalciuric subjects. It is concluded that normocalciuric nephrolithiasis may be a manifestation of mild and/or early pHPT.},
}
@article {pmid696021,
year = {1978},
author = {Anke, M and Schneider, HJ and Partschefeld, M and Grün, M},
title = {[Effect of a calcium-deficient, phosphate- or ammonia-rich diet on the development and mineral metabolism of growing miniature pigs].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {71},
number = {7},
pages = {463-472},
pmid = {696021},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Ammonia/*administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Brain/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary/*administration &amp; dosage ; Copper/metabolism ; Liver/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Phosphates/*administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Swine/*growth &amp; development ; Zinc/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The metaphylaxis of renal calculi in form of partial withdrawal of Ca and the nutrition rich in phosphate or NH4C1 in children was disputed and not ascertained by animal experiments. For this purpose growing female dwarf pigs got a semisynthetic ration with 1 g Ca and 23 g P, respectively, or 15 g NH4C1 per kg dry feeding mass during 168 days. The dwarf pigs fed poor in Ca had a reduced increase of body-weight of 30%, the pigs fed rich in P and NH4C1 a reduced increase of body-weight of 11 and 16%, respectively, compared with the control dwarf pigs. The feeding regime chosen has no significant influence on the Ca-, P-, Cu-, and Mn-state of the dwarf pigs (alpha greater than 0.05). Only the animals with deficiency of a Ca statistically ascertained stored more Zn in the liver than the control animals. The applied NH4C1 as well as the medicament Ammonchlor SSW contained traces of Cd. Concerning the lacking significant changes of metabolism on account of the retardation of growth conditioned by therapy it cannot be concluded that there is possible a metaphylaxis of the lithiasis in children by partial withdrawal of Ca or additions of P and NH4C1, respectively.},
}
@article {pmid666467,
year = {1978},
author = {Coe, FL},
title = {Calcium-uric acid nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Archives of internal medicine},
volume = {138},
number = {7},
pages = {1090-1093},
pmid = {666467},
issn = {0003-9926},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Allopurinol/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Time Factors ; Trichlormethiazide/administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {A small fraction of patients with nephrolithiasis form mixed stones containing calcium and uric acid or pass both calcium and uric acid stones; 23 of 539 patients we have studied fall in this category. These mixed stone formers tend to have unusually frequent stone recurrences. Although the patients are often considered to have a variant of uric acid nephrolithiasis, a high proportion harbor calcium as well as uric acid disorders. The usual treatment for uric acid lithiasis may fail to prevent calcium stone recurrence, unless concomitant calcium disorders are simultaneously corrected. Dual treatment may be very effective in preventing continued stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid149855,
year = {1978},
author = {Sidaway, DA},
title = {A microbiological study of dental calculus. II. The in vitro calcification of microorganisms from dental calculus.},
journal = {Journal of periodontal research},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {360-366},
doi = {10.1111/j.1600-0765.1978.tb00190.x},
pmid = {149855},
issn = {0022-3484},
mesh = {Bacteria/*metabolism ; Bacteriological Techniques ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Culture Media ; Dental Calculus/*microbiology ; Humans ; },
}
@article {pmid210311,
year = {1978},
author = {Schwille, PO and Bornhof, C and Thun, R and Scholz, D and Bötticher, R and Schellerer, W and Sigel, A},
title = {[Evaluation of renal cyclic adenosine monophosphate, serum parathyroid hormone and phosphate reabsorption in recurrent calcium urolithiasis, healthy controls and hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)].},
journal = {Klinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {56},
number = {12},
pages = {601-606},
pmid = {210311},
issn = {0023-2173},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/*analysis/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Kidney/analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Recurrence ; Urinary Calculi/blood/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {In three groups (n = 12 each) of male controls (22--43 years), patients with recurring calcium urolithiasis (21--36 years) and hyperparathyroidism (HPT; 17--71 years) proven by surgery renal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (RcAMP), fractional tubular phosphate reabsorption and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured during endogenous creatinine clearance. RcAMP (muMol/g creatinine) was: controls 1.48 +/- SEM 0.27; stone formers 2.037 +/- 0.343 (not significantly different); HPT 6.234 +/- 0.454 (p less than 0.001). There is no overlap between HPT and controls. Phosphate reabsorption is least in HPT (0.84 +/- 0.015), higher in controls (0.924 +/- 0.004) and stone formers (0.941 +/- 0.007). All differences are statistically significant. Under the conditions selected (moderate hydration of individuals) Serum PHT (pg-equiv/ml) is lowest in stome formers (less than 100--339), higher in controls (less than 100--933) and HPT (400--1150). there is no overlap in PHT between the former and the latter group but a marked one between controls and HPT. For clinical purposes the resulting diagnostic uncertainty in a given patient can be overcome by additional determinations of RcAMP and ionised serum calcium: when referring to serum PTH HPT patients fall outside, RCU patients within 2 standard deviations of either parameter in control subjects. This procedure presently appears superior to those proposed in the past (urinary cAMP etc.) but requires confirmation in larger patient populations. Moreover, since HPT prevails in middle and upper age decades, their RcAMP values and those of RCU patients should be related to a range seen in closely age- and sex-matched controls.},
}
@article {pmid651449,
year = {1978},
author = {Berlin, T and Collste, L and von Garrelts, B},
title = {[Calcium metabolism disorders in kidney calculi patients].},
journal = {Lakartidningen},
volume = {75},
number = {19},
pages = {1911-1912},
pmid = {651449},
issn = {0023-7205},
mesh = {Bendroflumethiazide/therapeutic use ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Recurrence ; },
}
@article {pmid651448,
year = {1978},
author = {Fritjofsson, A},
title = {[Kidney calculi--current viewpoints on diagnosis and therapy].},
journal = {Lakartidningen},
volume = {75},
number = {19},
pages = {1909-1910},
pmid = {651448},
issn = {0023-7205},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/metabolism/surgery ; },
}
@article {pmid206792,
year = {1978},
author = {Backman, U and Danielson, BG and Johansson, G and Jung, B and Ljunghall, S and Wibell, L and Walinder, O},
title = {[Etiology of hypercalciuria in recurrent kidney calculi].},
journal = {Lakartidningen},
volume = {75},
number = {19},
pages = {1910-1911},
pmid = {206792},
issn = {0023-7205},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*etiology ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Digestive System/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Recurrence ; Risk ; },
}
@article {pmid671914,
year = {1978},
author = {Iguchi, M and Nagai, N and Matsuura, T and Kaneko, S and Kohri, K and Minami, K and Kadowaki, T and Akiyama, T and Yachiku, S and Kurita, T and Nakamoto, J and Ohba, Y},
title = {[Investigation of the causes of urolithiasts. I. Calcium metabolism, with special reference to serum ionized calcium (author's transl)].},
journal = {Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology},
volume = {69},
number = {5},
pages = {578-584},
pmid = {671914},
issn = {0021-5287},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid655126,
year = {1978},
author = {Tao, LC},
title = {Microliths in sputum specimens and their relationship to pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.},
journal = {American journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {69},
number = {5},
pages = {482-485},
doi = {10.1093/ajcp/69.5.482},
pmid = {655126},
issn = {0002-9173},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calculi/diagnosis/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Obstructive/*complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mucus ; *Pulmonary Alveoli ; *Sputum ; },
abstract = {The sputa of 26 of 100 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease contained microliths. The numbers of microliths per smear of sputum per patient ranged from one to 20. In seven of the sputum specimens containing microliths, deposition of calcium was present on the loops of Curshmann's spirals to different extents, from a single layer to the laminated appearance seen in a free microlith. Partial and complete separation of the calcified laminated masses from the spirals were also demonstrated. Based on these observations, the morphogenesis of microliths and the pathogenesis of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid649295,
year = {1978},
author = {Jordan, WR and Finlayson, B and Luxenberg, M},
title = {Kinetics of early time calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {465-468},
pmid = {649295},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Kidney/*metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Oxalates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Rats ; Sodium/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {This paper examines the kinetics of calcium deposition in rat kidneys after an intraperitoneal sodium oxalate injection. From the results we conclude that only a limited portion of tubular surface is available for adsorption of calcium oxalate crystals, that adsorpption of calcium oxalate crystals onto tubular epithelium is a process of greater than first order with regard to the dose, and that the washout of retained particles from the tubules is a first-order process as related to time. Also, we conclude that in these animals, which were subjected to a large oxalate challenge, the deposition of calcium oxalate crystals is virtually all intratubular.},
}
@article {pmid351266,
year = {1978},
author = {Smith, LH},
title = {Calcium-containing renal stones.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {13},
number = {5},
pages = {383-389},
doi = {10.1038/ki.1978.56},
pmid = {351266},
issn = {0085-2538},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Adult ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*complications/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/physiopathology/therapy/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid638900,
year = {1978},
author = {Yendt, ER and Cohanim, M},
title = {Thiazides and calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {Canadian Medical Association journal},
volume = {118},
number = {7},
pages = {755-758},
pmid = {638900},
issn = {0008-4409},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/therapeutic use ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Recurrence ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid750200,
year = {1978},
author = {Jovanović, V},
title = {Determination of intestinal radiocalcium absorption by double tracer method with 85Sr i.v.},
journal = {European journal of nuclear medicine},
volume = {3},
number = {2},
pages = {115-120},
pmid = {750200},
issn = {0340-6997},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Biological Transport ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/metabolism ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Biological ; *Strontium Radioisotopes ; Time Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid632192,
year = {1978},
author = {Lewis, LD and Chow, FH and Taton, GF and Hamar, DW},
title = {Effect of virus dietary mineral concentrations on the occurrence of feline urolithiasis.},
journal = {Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association},
volume = {172},
number = {5},
pages = {559-563},
pmid = {632192},
issn = {0003-1488},
mesh = {Animal Feed ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cat Diseases/etiology/*metabolism ; Cats ; Kidney/metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Minerals/*metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Urinary Bladder/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/metabolism/*veterinary ; },
}
@article {pmid206501,
year = {1978},
author = {v Lilienfeld-Toal, H and Mackes, KG and Klehr, U and Dengler, HJ},
title = {Effect of parathyroid extract on renal cyclic AMP excretion in patients with normocalciuric nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {158-161},
doi = {10.1055/s-0028-1093466},
pmid = {206501},
issn = {0018-5043},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/urine ; Cyclic AMP/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/urine ; Kidney Calculi/*urine ; Liver Diseases/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/*pharmacology ; },
abstract = {It is uncertain whether normocalcemic, normocalciuric patients with calcium nephrolithiasis have a disorder of calcium metabolism. We studied the effect of a parathyroid extract (PTE) INFUSION (1.4 U/kg body weight) on the urinary cyclic AMP excretion in 16 such patients. For comparison, we investigated groups of normal individuals and patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, renal insufficiency and different gastrointestinal diseases. The increase of cyclic AMP above basal excretion in patients with nephrolithiasis was only 1.2 +/- 0.3 mumol/h (mean +/- SEM), versus 2.5 +/- 0.5 mumol/h in normal subjects (p less than 0.05) although the basal excretion was similar. Patients with renal insufficiency had low basal excretion of cyclic AMP and little stimulation of excretion by PTH (increase, 0.3 +/- 0.06 mumol). Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism had high baseline cyclic AMP excretion but sub-normal stimulation by PTE (increase, 0.46 +/- 0.13); in contrast, patients with different gastrointestinal disease had high baseline excretion and supranormal stimulation of cyclic AMP excretion (increase, 5.2 +/- 0.6). We speculate that an impaired response to PTH might be involved in the slightly increased urinary calcium excretion in normocalcemic stone formers suggested by others.},
}
@article {pmid96289,
year = {1978},
author = {Nakamura, Y and Suzuki, N and Takahashi, W},
title = {[Fundamental study on dissolution and disintegration of calcium bilirubinate stone (author's transl)].},
journal = {Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai zasshi = The Japanese journal of gastro-enterology},
volume = {75},
number = {2},
pages = {205-215},
pmid = {96289},
issn = {0446-6586},
mesh = {*Bilirubin/metabolism ; *Calcium/metabolism ; *Chelating Agents/therapeutic use ; Cholelithiasis/drug therapy/metabolism ; Edetic Acid/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid339082,
year = {1978},
author = {Smith, LH and Van Den Berg, CJ and Wilson, DM},
title = {Nutrition and urolithiasis.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {298},
number = {2},
pages = {87-89},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197801122980207},
pmid = {339082},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Cystinuria/metabolism ; Humans ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/diet therapy/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid700945,
year = {1978},
author = {Głuszek, J and Raszeja-Wanic, B and Grajek, S and Kwias, Z and Ratajczak, T and Smarsz, C},
title = {Seasonal variations in urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium in healthy subjects and patients with renal calculus and chronic renal failure.},
journal = {International urology and nephrology},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {147-152},
pmid = {700945},
issn = {0301-1623},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*urine ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*urine ; Magnesium/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Seasons ; },
abstract = {Renal excretion of calcium in healthy subjects and in patients with renal stones increases in the summer, as compared to the winter values. In patients with chronic renal failure calciuria shows no seasonal variations. No essential difference in the monthly excretion of magnesium in 24-hour urine has been found between healthy persons and patients with renal stones.},
}
@article {pmid694439,
year = {1978},
author = {Säfwenberg, J and Backman, U and Danielson, BG and Johansson, G and Ljunghall, S},
title = {HLA and kidney stone disease.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {151-154},
doi = {10.3109/00365597809179983},
pmid = {694439},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; *HLA Antigens/analysis ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype ; Recurrence ; Risk ; },
abstract = {Normocalcemic patients with recurring kidney stones were HLA typed. 54 patients with an idiopathic high urinary excretion of calcium but without signs of renal tubular defect showed a B27 phenotype frequency which was more than twice that of the controls and a CW1 frequency that was doubled. After correction for the number of tested HLA specificities the increase was not significant. 35 patients with renal tubular acidosis and 16 patients with no metabolic diagnosis had no deviant HLA antigen distribution.},
}
@article {pmid658076,
year = {1978},
author = {Matouschek, E and Huber, R and Schneider, J and Vogg, H},
title = {Quantitative element investigations in urine, serum, kidney and muscle tissue of calcium oxalate stone patients.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {4},
number = {3},
pages = {206-211},
doi = {10.1159/000473951},
pmid = {658076},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Citrates/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism/pathology ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Muscles/metabolism ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Concentration and excretion in 24-hour urine, as well as serum concentrations of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, P, uric acid and citrate were investigated in 209 calcium oxalate stone patients and 42 stone-free patients. Especially the concentration values of the urine components, except for uric acid and citrate, were found to be significantly lower for calcium oxalate stone patients. 21% of the stone patients showed hypercalciuria; hypercalciuria combined with hyperuricuria was found in only 7.1% of the cases and a solitary hyperuricuria in only 17%. As for kidney cortex, kidney papilla and muscle tissue in 10 calcium oxalate stone patients and 10 stone-free patients, the concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg as well as some trace elements were determined quantitatively by means of neutron activation analysis. Statistic analysis yielded a significantly lower sodium content of the kidney cortex within the stone-carrying group. Mean values of the calcium concentration in stone patients were lower for papilla and muscle tissue than in the control group. For magnesium no clear differences were found. The iron content in the papilla and muslce tissue of stone patients was significantly lower.},
}
@article {pmid627795,
year = {1978},
author = {Sidabutar, RP and Lumenta, NA and Suling, RC},
title = {Chlorthalidone in prevention of urinary calcium stone.},
journal = {Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet},
volume = {61 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {195-204},
pmid = {627795},
issn = {0125-2208},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chlorthalidone/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence ; Urinary Calculi/drug therapy/*prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid627468,
year = {1978},
author = {Levinson, AA and Nosal, M and Davidman, M and Prien, EL and Prien, EL and Stevenson, RG},
title = {Trace elements in kidney stones from three areas in the United States.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {270-274},
pmid = {627468},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Aluminum/metabolism ; Apatites/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Oxalate ; Cystine/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Silicon/metabolism ; Trace Elements/*metabolism ; United States ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism ; },
abstract = {A large number of trace elements has been found in calcium stones (whewellite, weddellite, and apatite) and in struvite. Significantly fewer elements, with lower abundances, are found in uric acid and cystine. With the exception of four trace elements (lead, silicon, strontium, and zine), the trace element assemblages are identical in the oxalates (whewellite and weddellite); struvite is also similar but with notable exceptions. In general, apatite contains approximately twice the level of trace element abundances as do the oxalates. This study is based on the distribution of 20 elements in 186 mimeralogically identified urinary calculi from three generalized areas of the United States (northeast, southeast, and midwest). In general, there is no statistical difference in the trace element assemblages of mineralogically identical stones from the three areas.},
}
@article {pmid373328,
year = {1978},
author = {Bablumian, IuA},
title = {[Antirelapse action of the flowers of the blue cornflower in urolithiasis].},
journal = {Zhurnal eksperimental'noi i klinicheskoi meditsiny},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {110-114},
pmid = {373328},
issn = {0514-7484},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Diuresis/drug effects ; Drug Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; *Plants, Medicinal ; Recurrence ; Time Factors ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid342147,
year = {1978},
author = {Nordin, BE},
title = {Diagnostic procedures in disorders of calcium metabolism.},
journal = {Clinical endocrinology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {55-67},
doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2265.1978.tb01350.x},
pmid = {342147},
issn = {0300-0664},
mesh = {Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Resorption ; Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/blood/*diagnosis/urine ; Creatinine/urine ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/urine ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/urine ; Phosphates/blood/urine ; },
abstract = {The investigation of a patient with a suspected disorder of calcium metabolism is most rapidly and efficiently performed by observing a standard procedure, the initial stages of which are simple and mandatory, the later stages more complex and determined by the initial results and the depth of investigation required. Needless to say, the investigations are preceded by history taking and routine physical examination. The following account is a summary of available procedures, most of which have been described elsewhere in greater detail (Nordin et al., 1976a).},
}
@article {pmid216552,
year = {1978},
author = {Ljunghall, S},
title = {Incidence and natural history of renal stone disease and its relationship to calcium metabolism.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {4},
number = {6},
pages = {424-430},
doi = {10.1159/000474013},
pmid = {216552},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Factors ; Calcium/*urine ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*epidemiology/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sweden ; },
abstract = {In three different general health surveys, including more than 17,000 individuals, the prevalence of renal stone disease was over 10% of all males and 3% of all females. Stones are thus far more common in the population than is generally appreciated from hospital statistics. Each year approximately 1% of the entire adult male population experiences renal stones. This figure appears to increase rapidly and is now at least twice as high as only 20 years ago. Stone formers as a group had a raised urinary excretion of calcium, but were not particularly accumulated in the upper part of the normal urinary calcium distribution. This pattern was generally caused by an intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, apparently not dependent on the action of parathyroid hormone. The prevalence of stone disease was closely related to the urinary calcium output.},
}
@article {pmid925484,
year = {1977},
author = {Shen, FH and Baylink, DJ and Nielsen, RL and Sherrard, DJ and Ivey, JL and Haussler, MR},
title = {Increased serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine},
volume = {90},
number = {6},
pages = {955-962},
pmid = {925484},
issn = {0022-2143},
mesh = {Adult ; Animals ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*blood/etiology ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Kidney Calculi/*blood/etiology/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphorus/blood ; Rats ; },
}
@article {pmid925483,
year = {1977},
author = {Sherwood, LM},
title = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria: a mixed bag of stones.},
journal = {The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine},
volume = {90},
number = {6},
pages = {951-954},
pmid = {925483},
issn = {0022-2143},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*etiology ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism/urine ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid271421,
year = {1977},
author = {Pfister, AK},
title = {Renal calcium and its implications.},
journal = {The West Virginia medical journal},
volume = {73},
number = {12},
pages = {319-321},
pmid = {271421},
issn = {0043-3284},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*metabolism/therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid589161,
year = {1977},
author = {},
title = {Allopurinol treatment for calcium stone disease.},
journal = {British medical journal},
volume = {2},
number = {6098},
pages = {1302-1303},
pmid = {589161},
issn = {0007-1447},
mesh = {Allopurinol/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid22516,
year = {1977},
author = {Ziolkowski, F and Perrin, DD},
title = {Dissolution of urinary stones by calcium-chelating agents: A study using a model system.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {208-211},
pmid = {22516},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Chelating Agents/*therapeutic use ; Crystallization ; Edetic Acid/therapeutic use ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Models, Biological ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Pellets made by dispersing microcrystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate throughout an organic matrix have served as models for kidney stones in studies of factors governing their dissolution by calcium-chelating agents. These factors include pH, ionic strength, concentration of chelating agent, and addition of other acids and bases. The method shows good reproducibility. Results have been applied to improving a clinical procedure for kidney stone dissolution.},
}
@article {pmid929531,
year = {1977},
author = {Jorgensen, H and Quist Paulsen, A and Berstad, A and Harbitz, TB},
title = {[Active and recurrent kidney calculi. Metabolic findings and therapeutic consequences].},
journal = {Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening : tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke},
volume = {97},
number = {30},
pages = {1551-1555},
pmid = {929531},
issn = {0029-2001},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/metabolism ; Bendroflumethiazide/therapeutic use ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; Medullary Sponge Kidney/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Recurrence ; Urinary Tract Infections/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid279501,
year = {1977},
author = {Clergeau-Guerithault, S},
title = {[Diphosphonates and calcified tissues].},
journal = {L' Information dentaire},
volume = {59},
number = {41},
pages = {21-31},
pmid = {279501},
issn = {0020-0018},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*drug therapy ; Dental Calculus/prevention &amp; control ; Dental Caries/prevention &amp; control ; Diphosphonates/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; },
}
@article {pmid595926,
year = {1977},
author = {Schneider, HJ},
title = {[Significance of oxalic acid in urinary calculi].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {70},
number = {10},
pages = {757-761},
pmid = {595926},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Postoperative Complications/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism/surgery ; },
}
@article {pmid595633,
year = {1977},
author = {Schneider, HJ},
title = {[Etiology and pathogenesis of urolithiasis].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur arztliche Fortbildung},
volume = {71},
number = {18},
pages = {856-861},
pmid = {595633},
issn = {0044-2178},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Cystinuria/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/epidemiology/*etiology/metabolism ; Xanthines/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid885994,
year = {1977},
author = {Gray, RW and Wilz, DR and Caldas, AE and Lemann, J},
title = {The importance of phosphate in regulating plasma 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D levels in humans: studies in healthy subjects in calcium-stone formers and in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {299-306},
doi = {10.1210/jcem-45-2-299},
pmid = {885994},
issn = {0021-972X},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Hyperparathyroidism/*blood ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Renal Dialysis ; },
abstract = {We observed that plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations average 87 +/- 30 SD pmol/l in 48 healthy adults without a personal or family history of kidney stones. Plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations were significantly elevated among 26 patients with recurrent calcium-containing renal stones and hypophosphatemia: 150 +/- 74 pmol/l; P less than 0.001, and among 9 patients with proven parathyroid adenoma and hypophosphatemia: 200 +/- 54 pmol/l; P less than 0.001. Plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D levels in these 3 groups were inversely correlated with serum phosphate concentration: plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D, pmol/l = 282 - 141 X serum PO4, mmol/l; r = 0.51; P less than 0.001. During dietary PO4 deprivation lasting 11 to 16 days in 10 healthy women, serum PO4 fell and plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations rose whereas in 8 healthy men neither serum PO4 nor 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations changed. The change from control in plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D levels were correlated with the change from control in serum PO4 concentrations: delta1,25-(OH)2-D, pmol/l = 1 - 82 X delta serum PO4 mmol/l; r = 0.59; P less than 0.01. We conclude that reductions in serum PO4 concentrations, either directly or indirectly, stimulate renal synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2-D in humans.},
}
@article {pmid203297,
year = {1977},
author = {Vattimo, GC and Galli, M and Nuti, R and Loré, F and Nardi, P and Orlandini, G},
title = {Cyclic AMP urinary excretion and radiocalcium intestinal absorption in hypercalciurias.},
journal = {Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale},
volume = {53},
number = {14},
pages = {1178-1182},
pmid = {203297},
issn = {0037-8771},
mesh = {Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*metabolism ; Cyclic AMP/*urine ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid69788,
year = {1977},
author = {},
title = {Stone heart.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {2},
number = {8030},
pages = {176-177},
pmid = {69788},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Angina Pectoris/*physiopathology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass/adverse effects ; Humans ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid331626,
year = {1977},
author = {Rugendorff, EW and Schneider, HJ and Gundlach, G and Behrendt, WA and Kuhn, D and Gundlach, D},
title = {[Results of clinical trials with the cation exchange preparation campanyl in the therapy and metaphylaxis of calcium-containing urinary calculi (author's transl)].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {197-203},
pmid = {331626},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/therapeutic use ; Cation Exchange Resins/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; Ion Exchange Resins/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Polyvinyls/*therapeutic use ; Sorbitol/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The efficacy of the cation exchange preparation Campanyl (T1286) was tested in the treatment and metaphylaxis of calcium-containing urinary calculi. For this purpose, in vitro experiments, animal exeriments, orienting clinical studies in 79 patients, and a long term clinical trial in 42 patients over 12 months were undertaken; 22 of the latter patients are also still being treated with the cation exchange preparation, the observation period for 15 patients being 3 1/2 years and 2 1/2 years for 7 patients. As a result of these studies a lowering of the medium calcium excretion and a reduction of calculus discharge by more than half was achieved in the patients being treated with the cation exchanger, without restriction of calcium in the diet. There was not yet seen litholysis. Serious side effects or an influence on the serum electrolytes was not recorded with Campanyl (T1286).},
}
@article {pmid899035,
year = {1977},
author = {Swoboda, G},
title = {[Treatment of calcium oxalate calculi using Reducto-Special].},
journal = {Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {127},
number = {13},
pages = {431-432},
pmid = {899035},
issn = {0043-5341},
mesh = {Acrylates/therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cellulase/*therapeutic use ; Drug Combinations ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid906678,
year = {1977},
author = {Schneider, HJ and Hesse, A and Berg, W and Kirsten, J and Nickel, H},
title = {[Animal-experiment studies on the effect of magnesium and vitamin B 6 on calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {70},
number = {6},
pages = {419-427},
pmid = {906678},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chelating Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Magnesium/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Oxidative Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Pyridoxine/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; },
abstract = {By chronic intoxication with ethylene glycol or acute intoxication by Na-glyoxalate in the animal experiment a Ca-oxalatenephrolithiasis could be produced. At this model the influence of magnesium, pyridoxine and phosphate was studied. The combination therapy of magnesium and vitamin B6 can completely prevent the formation of Ca-oxalate-microliths in the kidney. The production of a preparation with 200 mg MgO and 10 mg pyridoxine per tablet for the metaphylaxis of oxalate calculi is recommended.},
}
@article {pmid864007,
year = {1977},
author = {Lian, JB and Prien, EL and Glimcher, MJ and Gallop, PM},
title = {The presence of protein-bound gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in calcium-containing renal calculi.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {59},
number = {6},
pages = {1151-1157},
pmid = {864007},
issn = {0021-9738},
mesh = {Adult ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Apatites/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dogs ; Glutamates/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Molecular Weight ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates ; Protein Binding ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Tricarboxylic Acids/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) is found in four blood-clotting proteins, in a bone protein, in kidney protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications. This paper reports the presence of Gla in the EDTA-soluble, nondialyzable proteins of calcium-containing renal calculi including calcium oxalate, hydroxyapatite, and mixed stores of apatite and struvite (MgNH4PO4). Calculi composed of pure struvite and those composed of only uric acid or cystine do not contain Gla. From calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite stontes, a protein of about 17,000 daltons was obtained which contained about 40 residues of Gla per 1,000 amino acids. The amino acid composition of this protein had no apparent relationship to the Gla-containing bone protein or to the similarly-sized F1 fragment of prothrombin which contains about 64 residues of Gla per 1,000 amino acid residues. The Gla-rich protein in calcium-containing renal stones thus may be a different Gla-containing protein. These data as well as other studies demonstrating the presence of Gla in pathologically calcified tissues not normally containing Gla suggest that the Gla-containing proteins may be of considerable pathophysiological significance.},
}
@article {pmid333815,
year = {1977},
author = {Modliński, L},
title = {[Experiences with nephrolith in the treatment of patients with kidney calculi].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {70},
number = {6},
pages = {429-435},
pmid = {333815},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bacterial Infections/etiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Evaluation ; Female ; Humans ; Khellin/*therapeutic use ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Sulfonamides/*therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {In patients with urolithiasis "Nephrolith" has a favourable influence on many parameters which are responsible for the development of renal calculi. I could never observe a complete dissolution of the urinary calculi.},
}
@article {pmid301348,
year = {1977},
author = {Katz, AM and Tada, M},
title = {The "stone heart" and other challenges to the biochemist.},
journal = {The American journal of cardiology},
volume = {39},
number = {7},
pages = {1073-1077},
doi = {10.1016/s0002-9149(77)80224-5},
pmid = {301348},
issn = {0002-9149},
mesh = {Actins/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects ; Coronary Disease/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Energy Metabolism ; Humans ; *Myocardial Contraction ; Myocardium/*metabolism ; Myosins/metabolism ; Rats ; },
}
@article {pmid198996,
year = {1977},
author = {Baumann, JM},
title = {[Effect of orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and diphosphonate in urinary-calculi metaphylaxis].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {70},
number = {6},
pages = {449-452},
pmid = {198996},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Diphosphates/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Diphosphonates/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism ; Muscular Diseases/chemically induced ; Pain/chemically induced ; Phosphates/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid907255,
year = {1977},
author = {Merceron, RE and Cavailloles, F and Delorme, ML and Courreges, JP and Raymond, JP and Klotz, HP},
title = {[Etiopathogenic study of idiopathic hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Annales de medecine interne},
volume = {128},
number = {5},
pages = {421-430},
pmid = {907255},
issn = {0003-410X},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Resorption/complications ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*etiology ; Cataract/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/biosynthesis ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphorus/blood ; Sex Factors ; Tetany/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid878534,
year = {1977},
author = {Wosiewitz, U and Wolpers, C},
title = {[Calcium palmitate and cholesterol gallstones].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {311-319},
pmid = {878534},
issn = {0044-2771},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/*metabolism ; Cholesterol/*metabolism ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Palmitates/metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; },
abstract = {Ca-palmitate is an abundant secondary constituent of cholesterol gallstones, especially of "multiple facet" and "barrel" stones. 60% of the 146 stones obtained by operation or autopsy contained crystalline Ca-palmitate. From these 70% were multiple and 11% solitary stones. The average percentage of Ca-palmitate calculated from 30 quantitative analyses amount to 1,75% with regard to the dry weight of stones. The occurrence of Ca-palmitate in gallbladder stones mainly depends on concrements which undergo structural alterations (formation of fissures for example) during their stay in the gallbladder and which are impregnated by bile. Ca-palmitate crystallizes within the fissures of these stones after concentration of included bile. There is no important hint that Ca-palmitate plays a role in stone nucleation. The occurence of Ca-palmitate in bile may be favoured by decreased micellar solubilization of palmitinic acid and by increased concentration of Ca as a result of inflammation.},
}
@article {pmid192763,
year = {1977},
author = {Kaplan, RA and Haussler, MR and Deftos, LJ and Bone, H and Pak, CY},
title = {The role of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the mediation of intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium in primary hyperparathyroidism and absorptive hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {59},
number = {5},
pages = {756-760},
pmid = {192763},
issn = {0021-9738},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*blood ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxycholecalciferols/*blood ; Hyperparathyroidism/*blood/urine ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood/immunology ; Phosphorus/blood/urine ; },
abstract = {The cuase for the intestinal hyperabsorptionof calcium (Ca) in various forms of hypercalciurias was explored by a careful measurement of plasma 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1 alpha, 25-(OH)I D] and by an assessment of intestinal Ca absorption and of parathyroid function. In 18 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), the mean plasma concentration of 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D was significantly increased (4.9 +/- 2.2 SD ng/dl vs. 3.4 +/- 0.9 ng/dl for the control group), and was significantly correlated with fractional Ca absorption (alpha) (r = 0.80, P less than 0.001). Plasma 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D was also correlated with urinary Ca (P less than 0.05), but not with serum Ca or phosphorus (P), P clearance, urinary cyclic AMP, or serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. In 21 cases of absorptive hypercalciuria (AH), plasma 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D was elevated in one-third of cases, and the mean value of 4.5 +/- 1.1 ng/dl was significantly higher than that of the control group (P less than 0.01). Since relative hypoparathyroidism may be present, the normal absolute value of plasma 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D, found in two-thirds of cases of AH, may be considered to be inappropriately high. Moreover, in the majority of cases of AH, the data points relating plasma 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2D and alpha fell within 95% confidence limits of values found in non-AH groups (including PHPT). The results suggest that the intestinal hyperabsorption of Ca in PHPT aw AH may be vitamin D dependent. However, the disturbance in vitamin D metabolism may not be the sole cause for the high Ca absorption in AH, since in some patients with AH, the intestinal Ca absorption appears to be inapp},
}
@article {pmid852281,
year = {1977},
author = {Mundy, GR and Canalis, EM and Raisz, LG},
title = {Calcium and the kidney: renal osteodystrophy and renal calculi.},
journal = {Connecticut medicine},
volume = {41},
number = {4},
pages = {205-209},
pmid = {852281},
issn = {0010-6178},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; *Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/therapy ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi/etiology/therapy ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications/therapy ; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica/etiology ; Osteomalacia/etiology ; Osteoporosis ; Osteosclerosis/complications ; Phosphates/blood ; Recurrence ; },
}
@article {pmid845489,
year = {1977},
author = {Pak, CY and Hayashi, Y and Finlayson, B and Chu, S},
title = {Estimation of the state of saturation of brushite and calcium oxalate in urine: a comparison of three methods.},
journal = {The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine},
volume = {89},
number = {4},
pages = {891-901},
pmid = {845489},
issn = {0022-2143},
mesh = {Ammonia/urine ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/*urine ; Humans ; Methods ; Oxalates/*urine ; Urine/*analysis ; },
abstract = {The estimation of the degree of saturation of brushite and of calcium oxalate in urine of patients with disorders of calcium metabolism has been proved to be an effective tool in evaluating the patient's propensity to form renal stones. The methods used in three different laboratories have been compared and evaluated in 27 urine samples. Relative saturation ratio (ratio of activity product and thermodynamic solubility product of brushite) and activity product ratio (ratio of activity product of original sample and that obtained after incubation of sample with synthetic brushite) were determined. Similar studies were performed for calcium oxalate. The values for relative saturation ratio of brushite or calcium oxalate differed widely among the three techniques. However, nearly identical values for activity product ratio of brushite were obtained. The activity product ratios of calcium oxalate, obtained by different techniques, closely approximated each other except in sampels containing excessive amounts of calcium (greater than 5 mM) or oxalate (greater than 5 mM). The values for the relative saturation ratios for both brushite and calcium oxalate were usually higher than the corresponding values for activity product ratio. The results indicate that the use of activity product ratio provides a more simple and reliable estimate of the urinary state of saturation than does the relative saturation ratio.},
}
@article {pmid844995,
year = {1977},
author = {Meyer, JL and Angino, EE},
title = {The role of trace metals in calcium urolithiasis.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {347-350},
pmid = {844995},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Aluminum/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Copper/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Iron/metabolism ; Lead/metabolism ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Tin/metabolism ; Trace Elements/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Ten urinary stones composed of calcium oxalate or a mixture of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate were analyzed for trace metal content by emission spectroscopy. Trace metals found in amounts of 0.001 per cent or more were iron, copper, zinic, tin, lead, and aluminum. The inhibitory effect of each of these trace metals on the crystal growth of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate was tested. Results indicated that none of the metal affect the crystal growth of calcium oxalate at concentrations approximating those found in normal urine. The metal ions copper (II), zinc (II), tin (II), and aluminum (III) did affect the crystal growth of calcium phosphate when present at physiologic concentrations; however, their contribution to the total calcium phosphate inhibitor activity in urine was estimated to be insufficient to have a regulatory role in urinary stone growth.},
}
@article {pmid838662,
year = {1977},
author = {Sordahl, LA and Asimakis, GK and Dowell, RT and Stone, HL},
title = {Functions of selected biochemical systems from the exercised-trained dog heart.},
journal = {Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {426-431},
doi = {10.1152/jappl.1977.42.3.426},
pmid = {838662},
issn = {0161-7567},
mesh = {Animals ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport, Active/drug effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; DNA/metabolism ; Dogs ; Hydroxyproline/metabolism ; Mitochondria, Muscle/*metabolism ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; Myocardium/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Oxygen Consumption ; *Physical Conditioning, Animal ; RNA/metabolism ; Ruthenium Red/pharmacology ; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) fractions were isolated from exercised-trained (E-T) and sedentary control dog hearts. Measurements of mitochondrial respiratory functions indicated no changes in energy-producing (ATP synthesis) capacity in mitochondria from E-T compared to control dog hearts. However, the ability of isolated mitochondria from E-T hearts to retain accumulated calcium was markedly decreased compared to controls. Inhibition of mitochondrial rates of calcium uptake with the inhibitor, ruthenium red, revealed fewer binding and/or transport sites in mitochondrial membranes from exercised-trained heart preparations. ATP-dependent binding (- oxalate) and uptake (+ oxalate) of calcium by SR preparations from E-T hearts were unchanged compared to controls. In contrast, significant differences in the rates of release of bound calcium were found in SR isolated from E-T hearts. Total myocardial protein, nucleic acids, and connective tissue levels were unchanged in E-T hearts compared to controls. The results suggest subtle changes are occurring in the energy-utilizing mechanism(s) involving calcium transport of the myocardial cell during exercise training. These changes may be related to alterations in the performance of the exercised-trained heart.},
}
@article {pmid878682,
year = {1977},
author = {Bick, C and Schubert, G and Brien, G and Gremske, D},
title = {[Topographic phase analysis of urinary concrements using crystal-optic methods].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {70},
number = {2},
pages = {99-105},
pmid = {878682},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Methods ; *Optics and Photonics ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*diagnosis/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In the present paper was reported on the results of the topographic crystal-optic analysis of urinary calculi of 560 concrements. 59% of all urinary calculi had a different phase content in the nucleus and in the calyx. All frequent minerals of the urinary calculi could be proved in the nucleus of the calculus. It could be shown that nucleus and calyx may have a monomineral as well as a polymineral structure. It is referred to the importance of the topographic analysis of the urinary calculi for the metaphylaxis of the urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid840788,
year = {1977},
author = {Kokot, F},
title = {[Metabolic causes of nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Polski przeglad chirurgiczny},
volume = {49},
number = {2A},
pages = {219-226},
pmid = {840788},
issn = {0032-373X},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Models, Chemical ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Purines/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid319863,
year = {1977},
author = {Hallson, PC and Kasidas, GP and Rose, AL},
title = {Seasonal variations in urinary excretion of calcium and oxalate in normal subjects in patients with idiopathic hyperclaciuria.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {49},
number = {1},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410x.1977.tb04513.x},
pmid = {319863},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*urine ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Oxalates/*urine ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {A longitudinal 9-year retrospective study of 24-hour urinary calcium values has been made in a metabolic stone clinic amongst patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. No seasonal variations could be observed in contrast ot a previous study from Leeds, A prospective longitudinal study was made of 24-hour urinary calcium values in a small group of normal subjects. No seasonal variation could be ovserved. In the prospective study no seasonal variations in urinary oxalate could be observed. In a 2-year longitudinal study of stone patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria, urinary oxalate was found to be higher in the summer than in the winter. This was attributed to the combination of a higher intake of oxalate-rich foods in the summer, and the low calcium diet with which they were treated.},
}
@article {pmid264880,
year = {1977},
author = {Ennever, J and Vocel, JJ and Riggan, LJ and Paloski, SB},
title = {Proteolipid and calculus matrix calcification in vitro.},
journal = {Journal of dental research},
volume = {56},
number = {2},
pages = {140-142},
doi = {10.1177/00220345770560020701},
pmid = {264880},
issn = {0022-0345},
mesh = {Actinomycetaceae/physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Dental Calculus/*metabolism ; History, 18th Century ; Phospholipids/physiology ; Proteolipids/*physiology ; },
abstract = {The initiator of calculus matrix calcification, in vitro, was isolated. Crude phospholipid, known to contain the factor, was separated into five fractions by column chromatography. A single protein-containing fraction induced apatite formation during incubation. The nucleating fraction was indentified as a proteolipid.},
}
@article {pmid189097,
year = {1977},
author = {Rush, WH and Boyce, WH and Resnick, MI},
title = {Cyclic adenosine monophosphate: relationship to calcium metabolism and renal lithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {117},
number = {2},
pages = {150-152},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58378-0},
pmid = {189097},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Cyclic AMP/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Recent concepts in calcium metabolism are being applied to the renal stone-forming patient. As our understanding of physiological mechanisms improves urinary cyclic nucleotide determinations are becoming useful in applied patient care. The changes in urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate excretion as related to the different forms of hypercalciuria are reviewed.},
}
@article {pmid832834,
year = {1977},
author = {Hartung, R},
title = {[The role of uric acid in calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Fortschritte der Medizin},
volume = {95},
number = {2},
pages = {67},
pmid = {832834},
issn = {0015-8178},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*blood/metabolism/urine ; Oxalates/*metabolism/urine ; Uric Acid/*blood/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid832220,
year = {1977},
author = {Marquez-Julio, A and Rapoport, A and Wilansky, DL and Rabinovich, S and Chamberlain, D},
title = {Purpura associated with hypergammaglobulinemia, renal tubular acidosis and osteomalacia.},
journal = {Canadian Medical Association journal},
volume = {116},
number = {1},
pages = {53-58},
pmid = {832220},
issn = {0008-4409},
mesh = {Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Acidosis, Renal Tubular/*complications/diagnosis ; Blood Proteins/analysis ; Electrolytes/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Ilium/pathology ; Immunoglobulins/analysis ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Middle Aged ; Osteomalacia/*complications/diagnosis ; Purpura, Hyperglobulinemic/*complications/diagnosis ; Sjogren's Syndrome/complications/diagnosis ; Skin/pathology ; },
abstract = {Two patients with hyperglobulinemia associated with purpura were studied. One had features of Sjögren's syndrome, while the other appeared to have a primary condition -- "chronic benign purpura". Both patients also had renal tubular acidosis, osteomalacia and renal calculi, with disturbed calcium metabolism and acid-base balance. Autoantibodies were detected in the serum of both patients, and mononuclear cell infiltrates were noted in skin and kidney biopsies from both.},
}
@article {pmid929778,
year = {1977},
author = {Revúsová, V and Gratzlová, J and Zvara, V and Kridl, J and Suchánek, B and Breza, J},
title = {The evaluation of some biochemical parameters in pyridoxine-treated calcium oxalate renal stone formers.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {348-352},
doi = {10.1159/000280150},
pmid = {929778},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Creatinine/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/urine ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Pyridoxine/urine ; Sodium/metabolism ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Several serum and urinary constitutents were evaluated in 13 calcium oxalate kidney stone formers in whom according to urinary vitamin B6 excretion sufficient vitamin B6 intake before the study was suggested. The influence of 28-day Pyridoxine (Spofa) supplementation (20 mg three times daily) on these biochemical parameters was searched. Pyridoxine supplementation was followed by a significant increment in the mean values of serum uric acid; the remaining serum constitutents did not change. Urinary calcium, phosphare, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and uric acid slightly increased, urinary oxalate excretion slightly fell; there was a high variability in the changes between the individuals. No changes in the mean values of clearance of endogenous creatinine, percentage of tubular reabsorption of phosphate and urinary zinc excretion were found. It is suggested that long-term studies are necessary to search the factors influencing successful stone prevention or stone recurrency in pyridoxine-treatment patients.},
}
@article {pmid919830,
year = {1977},
author = {Schneider, HJ and Berg, W and Hesse, A},
title = {[Morphological studies on the formation of oxalate stones (author's transl)].},
journal = {Zentralblatt fur allgemeine Pathologie u. pathologische Anatomie},
volume = {121},
number = {4-5},
pages = {473-480},
pmid = {919830},
issn = {0044-4030},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Oxalates/*analysis ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The present paper deals with experimental and crystaloptical studies on synthetic and native Ca-oxalate. The findings are in favour of a uniform way of formation of Ca-oxalate stones from Ca-oxalate dihydrate crystals as primary crystallization product in urine, developing into the monochydrate phase by dehydratation. Rapid growth and a sufficiently high concentration of foreign ions (Mg) in the urine support the formation and stabilisation of dihydrate stones.},
}
@article {pmid913450,
year = {1977},
author = {Sommer-Tsilenis, E},
title = {Urinary hydroxyproline concentration in primary hyperparathyroidism with and without renal stones.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {3},
number = {4},
pages = {231-236},
doi = {10.1159/000472103},
pmid = {913450},
issn = {0302-2838},
mesh = {Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; Calcium/metabolism ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/blood/*urine ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/enzymology/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/enzymology/*etiology/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Eleven cases with histologically confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism have been studied. Although histologically, bone turnover increased in all but 1 patient, urinary hydroxyproline excretion and serum alkaline phosphatase in patients with renal stones were within the upper normal limits of slightly elevated (27.5 mg/24 h, concentration 19.5 microgram/ml, alkaline phosphatase 35.0 IU/l). On the contrary, 3 cases without renal stones exhibited an increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion (129 mg/24 h, concentration 95.6 microgram/ml) and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (99.9IU/l). Serum total hydroxyproline was elevated in both groups (renal stones, 2.00 mg%; no renal stones, 3.16 mg%; p = 0.006). Hydroxyproline was determined under conditions of a very low proline diet and 1.5 liters of daily fluid intake. There were no statistically significant differences between serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathormone between urinary excretion of calcium and phosphorus. Creatinine clearance was within normal limits in all patients. The possible relevance of urinary hydroxyproline for stone formation is discussed.},
}
@article {pmid895959,
year = {1977},
author = {Maschio, G and D'Angelo, A and Bonucci, E and Pagano, F and Ossi, E and Lupo, A and Valvo, E and Tessitore, N and Messa, P},
title = {Aspects of calcium metabolism in obstructive nephropathy: a metabolic and bone biopsy investigation.},
journal = {Nephron},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {32-43},
doi = {10.1159/000180863},
pmid = {895959},
issn = {1660-8151},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/etiology ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/urine ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/etiology ; Ilium/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteomalacia/etiology ; Phosphates ; },
}
@article {pmid891199,
year = {1977},
author = {Ritz, E and Massry, SG},
title = {The kidney in disorders of calcium metabolism.},
journal = {Contributions to nephrology},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {114-127},
doi = {10.1159/000400119},
pmid = {891199},
issn = {0302-5144},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications/physiopathology ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/physiopathology ; Kidney/*physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases/etiology/metabolism ; Male ; },
}
@article {pmid844442,
year = {1977},
author = {Elomaa, I},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria and urolithiasis].},
journal = {Duodecim; laaketieteellinen aikakauskirja},
volume = {93},
number = {3},
pages = {195-197},
pmid = {844442},
issn = {0012-7183},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Humans ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid615339,
year = {1977},
author = {Ljunghall, S},
title = {Renal stone disease. Studies of epidemiology and calcium metabolism.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {},
number = {41},
pages = {1-96},
pmid = {615339},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/*epidemiology/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Recurrence ; Sex Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid609363,
year = {1977},
author = {Lockefeer, JH and Juttmann, JR and Birkenhäger, JC},
title = {The effect of long-term chlorthalidone on stone formation and stone growth, intestinal absorption of calcium and secretion of parathyroid hormone in idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The Netherlands journal of medicine},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {257-262},
pmid = {609363},
issn = {0300-2977},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism/*urine ; Chlorthalidone/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/*metabolism ; Time Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid265186,
year = {1977},
author = {Luoma, H and Nuuja, T},
title = {Caries reduction in rats by phosphate, magnesium and fluoride additions to diet with modifications of dental calculus and calcium of the kidneys and aorta.},
journal = {Caries research},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {100-108},
doi = {10.1159/000260256},
pmid = {265186},
issn = {0008-6568},
mesh = {Animals ; Aorta/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calculi/etiology ; Dental Calculus/etiology ; Dental Caries/*prevention &amp; control ; *Diet ; Female ; Fluorides/*pharmacology ; Growth/drug effects ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Magnesium/*pharmacology ; Magnesium Deficiency ; Male ; Phosphates/*pharmacology ; Rats ; Vascular Diseases/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid197817,
year = {1977},
author = {Fleisch, H and Fast, D and Rizzoli, R and Trechsel, U and Bonjour, JP},
title = {Diphosphonates. Mode of action and clinical applications.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {81},
number = {},
pages = {279-289},
doi = {10.1007/978-1-4613-4217-5_27},
pmid = {197817},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Bone Resorption/drug effects ; Calcification, Physiologic/drug effects ; Calcinosis/drug therapy ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates ; Chemical Precipitation ; Dental Calculus/prevention &amp; control ; Dihydroxycholecalciferols/metabolism ; Diphosphates/metabolism ; *Diphosphonates/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Osteitis Deformans/drug therapy ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; Radionuclide Imaging/methods ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; },
}
@article {pmid24529,
year = {1977},
author = {de Vries, A and Sperling, O},
title = {Implications of disorders of purine metabolism for the kidney and the urinary tract.},
journal = {Ciba Foundation symposium},
volume = {},
number = {48},
pages = {179-206},
doi = {10.1002/9780470720301.ch12},
pmid = {24529},
issn = {0300-5208},
mesh = {Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase/deficiency ; Allopurinol/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Gout/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase/deficiency ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/*metabolism/physiopathology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism ; Oxypurinol/metabolism ; Purines/*metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Solubility ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; Urologic Diseases/*metabolism ; Xanthine Oxidase/deficiency ; Xanthines/metabolism ; },
abstract = {The spectrum of kidney and urinary tract disorders related to purines comprises acute hyperuricosuric nephropathy, chronic urate nephropathy and urolithiasis. Two factors in the development of acute hyperuricosuric nephropathy are increased uric acid concentration and low pH in the tubular fluid. Chronic urate nephropathy still possess several problems: incidence (although this seems to be decreasing, presumably owing to effective prevention), the source of interstitial urate, the cause of the interstitial deposition of urate, and the role of urate deposits in the pathogenesis of the interstitial nephropathy. The relation of the experimental nephropathy to the pathogenesis of chronic urate nephropathy in the human is not yet clear but a model is proposed according to which interstitial urate derives from two sources: hyperuricaemic plasma and hyperuricosuric tubular fluid. Urolithiasis related to purines leads to uric acid-urate stones, xanthine stones, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine stones, iatrogenic xanthine and oxipurinol stones, and possibly calcium stones. Pathogenetic factors in uric acid lithiasis are hyperuricosuria (whether due to an inborn enzyme abnormality or of unknown aetiology) and low urinary pH; oliguria is a contributory factor. There remain several open questions about uric acid lithiasis: incidence, the shift of its location from lower to upper urinary tract, the interplay of pathogenetic factors, and the role of compounds which inhibit crystallization.},
}
@article {pmid1010873,
year = {1976},
author = {Coe, FL and Moran, E and Kavalich, AG},
title = {The contribution of dietary purine over-consumption to hyperpuricosuria in calcium oxalate stone formers.},
journal = {Journal of chronic diseases},
volume = {29},
number = {12},
pages = {793-800},
doi = {10.1016/0021-9681(76)90053-9},
pmid = {1010873},
issn = {0021-9681},
mesh = {Adult ; *Calcium/metabolism ; *Diet ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*urine ; Male ; *Oxalates/metabolism ; *Purines/metabolism ; Uric Acid/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid826794,
year = {1976},
author = {Keminger, K},
title = {[Parathyroid adenoma from the surgical view point. Report of 65 cases].},
journal = {MMW, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {118},
number = {48},
pages = {1549-1554},
pmid = {826794},
issn = {0341-3098},
mesh = {Adenoma/surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcinosis/etiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carcinoma/surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*surgery ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/*surgery ; Phosphates/blood ; Potassium/blood ; },
abstract = {Experience in the surgical management of a series of 65 cases with hyperparathyroidism is described (primary HPT: 55, secondary HPT: 3, tertiary HPT: 2, malignant HPT: 5) The consecutive forms of primary HPT, i.e. quarternary or quinternary HPT, and of secondary HPT, i.e. tertiary HPT, are discussed in more detail. Dystopic location was observed in 12.3%. In 4.6% no adenoma was found during the operation. A modern method for the localisation is the measurement of parathyroid hormone levels by radioimmunoassay. In nearly all publications we observe an increase in the renal forms. Intensive search for primary HPT is essential in all cases with recurrent renal calculi.},
}
@article {pmid995303,
year = {1976},
author = {Rapado, A and de la Calle, H and Castrillo, JM and Mancha, A and Traba, ML and Cifuentes Delatte, L},
title = {[Hypercalciuric and hyperparathyroid renal lithiasis].},
journal = {Minerva medica},
volume = {67},
number = {55},
pages = {3573-3581},
pmid = {995303},
issn = {0026-4806},
mesh = {Adenoma/complications ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications ; },
abstract = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria was noted in 10% of a series of 1635 subjects with renal lithiasis. Eight-day administration of thiazide diuretics as a test for the discovery of latent hyperparathyroidism in idiopathic hypercalciuria is described. In 6 cases diagnosed in this way, surgery disclosed the presence of a parathyroid adenoma. Resection was followed by persistent hypercalciuria and, in some instances, renal lithiasis activity. The pathogenesis of associations of these frequently observed diseases is examined.},
}
@article {pmid991509,
year = {1976},
author = {Lee, DB and Drinkard, JP and Gonick, HC and Coulson, WF and Cracchiolo, A},
title = {Pathogenesis of renal calculi in distal renal tubular acidosis. Possible role of parathyroid hormone.},
journal = {Clinical orthopaedics and related research},
volume = {},
number = {121},
pages = {234-242},
pmid = {991509},
issn = {0009-921X},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/*complications ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/*complications ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Kidney Tubules, Distal ; Male ; Parathyroid Glands/physiopathology ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood ; },
abstract = {Elevated circulating levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH), hypercalciuria and renal calculi were found in 3 patients with distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA). Treatment with alkali resulted in a fall of PTH toward normal and a reduction in urinary calcium, but the frequency of urolithiasis was unchanged. In one patient in whom prolonged follow-up was possible, a subtotal parathyroidectomy was performed. This was followed by virtual cessation of stone formation despite persistence of the acidification defect. This study suggests that RTA may be associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism and that the consequent elevation in PTH may play a contributory role in the pathogenesis of renal calculi.},
}
@article {pmid973283,
year = {1976},
author = {Schmiedt, E},
title = {[Report on a symposium on the treatment of Ca-containing urinary calculi using ion exchangers, Munich, May 8, 1976].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {262},
pmid = {973283},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cation Exchange Resins/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Ion Exchange Resins/*therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid972004,
year = {1976},
author = {Selikowitz, SM and Olsson, CA},
title = {Effect of tetracycline on calcium oxalate calculi: in vivo and in vitro studies.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {124-127},
pmid = {972004},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Rats ; Tetracycline/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Inadvertent use of tetracycline hydrochloride while producing calcium oxalate stones in the rat resulted in a reduction of papillary concretions by one-half. Parenchymal calcifications in the continuing long term, preformed stone group were reduced to levels comparable to that of other useful agents. In vitro studies corroborated these findings at physiologic urinary pH ranges. The rationale and comparisons to other anticalculus drugs are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid961671,
year = {1976},
author = {Moore, EW},
title = {Comprehensive formal models for pancreatic calcium secretion. With reference to "exchange-diffusion," "two-component," and "unicellular" models of electrolyte secretion.},
journal = {The American journal of digestive diseases},
volume = {21},
number = {9},
pages = {766-775},
pmid = {961671},
issn = {0002-9211},
mesh = {Bicarbonates/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chlorides/metabolism ; Diffusion ; Humans ; Mathematics ; *Models, Biological ; Pancreas/*metabolism ; Pancreatic Juice/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Sodium/metabolism ; Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
abstract = {This is a theoretical paper in which comprehensive formal models are developed for all possible modes of entry of calcium into pancreatic juice. The 15 models include entry via: (1) the chloride-rich secretion, (2) the bicarbonate-rich secretion, (3) protein-bound calcium, and (4) interstitial fluid (ISF), plus the various possible combinations of these. Equations are presented for both calcium-volume and calcium-bicarbonate relationships. Each equation is modified as necessary to conform to the three current models for sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate secretion: (1) "exchange-diffusion," (2) "two-component," and (3) "unicellular" models. We believe the models provide a sound theoretical framework on which to build an understanding of pancreatic calcium secretion. Subsequent papers will be concerned with the physicochemical state of calcium in the juice, the relative contribution of ISF, and the development of an overall model for pancreatic calcium secretion. The long-term objective is to provide a rational approach for the understanding of pancreatic calcification and stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid957503,
year = {1976},
author = {Drach, GW},
title = {Contribution to therapeutic decisions of ratios, absolute values and other measures of calcium, magnesium, urate or oxalate balance in stone formers.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {116},
number = {3},
pages = {338-340},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58808-4},
pmid = {957503},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Diet/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/metabolism ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/therapy ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Male ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Investigation of multiple serum and urinary factors in 44 patients with calcium urinary stone disease confirmed a number of defects that have been described previously: elevation of mean serum calcium and uric acid above normal, and depression of mean serum magnesium. Urinary excretion of calcium and uric acid was increased and was increased and was probably related to food ingestion. Urinary magnesium also increased after eating but less than calcium, with the result that for most patients the magnesium to calcium x 100 ratio approached levels observed in stone formation. Urinary oxalate excretion was constant during the entire observation period and apparently was not affected by ingestion of a defined diet. Nine additional patients had persistent hypercalcemia owing to hyperparathyroidism (5 confirmed, 1 suspected), malignancy (2) and drug ingestion (1). Metabolic evaluation of patients with calcium urinary calculi continues to contribute to decisions regarding their best therapeutic regimen.},
}
@article {pmid959737,
year = {1976},
author = {Mathias, K},
title = {[The cholecystogram as a prerequisite of the chemical litholysis from the view of the roentgenologist. (author's transl)].},
journal = {Rontgen-Blatter; Zeitschrift fur Rontgen-Technik und medizinisch-wissenschaftliche Photographie},
volume = {29},
number = {8},
pages = {393-398},
pmid = {959737},
issn = {0300-8592},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; *Cholecystography ; Cholelithiasis/*diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Preoperative Care ; },
abstract = {The preoperative cholecystography and postoperative radiography of gallstones were compared in 68 patients. Calcified structures were detected in 32% of the stones which were free of calcium in the native roentgenograms. The possibility is stressed that the calciumocontent of cholecystographic transparent stones may be responsible for the failure of CDCA-therapy. 52 of the 68 patients additionally received a fat meal. A contraction of the gallbladder was not observed in 25% of these cases. From the missing contraction of the gallbladder should not be concluded that a CDCA-therapy is contraindicated. A functional analysis with a synthetic derivate of cholecystokinin is recommended.},
}
@article {pmid829362,
year = {1976},
author = {Goebell, H and Hotz, J},
title = {[Calcium, pancreatic secretion and pancreatitis (author's transl)].},
journal = {Leber, Magen, Darm},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {211-216},
pmid = {829362},
issn = {0300-8622},
mesh = {Amylases/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcinosis ; Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism ; Hypocalcemia/etiology ; Lipase/metabolism ; Pancreatic Juice/*analysis ; Pancreatitis/etiology/*metabolism ; Protein-Energy Malnutrition/complications ; Rats ; },
abstract = {The concentration of calcium in the pancreatic juice is lower than in plasma. Two calcium fractions occur in the juice, the one associated with the enzyme protein and the other entering the juice via diffusion. In chronic pancreatitis the calcium concentration of the juice is increased in post-secretin periods. Hypercalcemia stimulates enzyme secretion and elevates calcium concentration in the juice. Hypocalcemia inhibits secretion of enzymes and fluid. Calcium is an important mediator substance for the secretion of pancreatic hydrolases at the intracellular level. In primary hyperparathyroidism with chronic hypercalcemia the prevalence of acute and chronic pancreatitis is 10--12 times higher than in normal population. In chronic pancreatitis caused by alcoholism, primary hyperparathyroidism, and chronic protein deficiency without alcoholism calcifying duct stones are seen in the pancreas in high frequency.},
}
@article {pmid826669,
year = {1976},
author = {Maqsood, R and Zuberi, SJ and Nizami, HM and Chaudhry, SA},
title = {Gall-stone composition and biochemical alterations in the serum of patients with cholelithiasis.},
journal = {JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association},
volume = {26},
number = {8},
pages = {167-168},
pmid = {826669},
issn = {0030-9982},
mesh = {Bilirubin/blood/*metabolism ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/blood/*metabolism ; Cholesterol/blood/*metabolism ; Humans ; },
abstract = {The levels of cholesterol, calcium and bilirubin were determined in the serum and gall stones in 47 cases with cholelithiasis. The mixed stones were observed in 87.5%, high cholesterol stone in 8.5% and high bilirubin stones in 4.2%. Serum and stone cholesterol levels were inversely proportional and the bilirubin levels were directly proportional to each other.},
}
@article {pmid960333,
year = {1976},
author = {Berg, W and Hesse, A and Hensel, K and Unger, G and Hartmann, U and Schneider, HJ},
title = {[Influence of anthraquinones on the formation of urinary calculi in experimental animals (author's transl)].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {188-191},
pmid = {960333},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Animals ; Anthraquinones/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Glycosides/*therapeutic use ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/*prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {The growth-inhibiting influence of hydroxy-anthraquinone derivatives of root of rubia in various calcium offerings was investigated using a foreign-body bladder calculus model in rabbits. Following oral doses of glycoside-bound and free aglycemics a pronounced calcium-complex binding effect and a significant reduction in the growth rate of the calculi was observed. Use of anthraquinone glycosides to prevent recurrence of calcium-containing urinary stones is recommended.},
}
@article {pmid960323,
year = {1976},
author = {Hautmann, R and Hering, FJ and Terhorst, B and Lutzeyer, W},
title = {[New aspects in the treatment of oxalate lithiasis (author's transl)].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {148-152},
pmid = {960323},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy/etiology/metabolism ; Cellulose/*therapeutic use ; Glyoxylates/metabolism ; Humans ; Organophosphorus Compounds/*therapeutic use ; Oxalates/metabolism/*urine ; Phosphates/adverse effects ; Succinimides/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/etiology ; },
abstract = {The causes of hypercalciuria and simple diagnostic criteria for the various forms of hypercalciuria are outlined. Indications, effectiveness, limitations, and side effects of cellulose phosphate are described. Emphasis is placed on the biochemical pathogenesis and classification of hyperoxaluria. The problems of measuring and controlling oxalate excretion in patients with hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate stones are discussed. Succinimide offers a partly successful approach to the reduction of endogenous oxalate synthesis.},
}
@article {pmid819807,
year = {1976},
author = {Rapado, A and de la Calle, H and Castrillo, JM and Mancha, A and Traba, ML and Delatte, LC},
title = {[Nephrolithiasis in hypercalciuria and hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {MMW, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {118},
number = {25},
pages = {799-810},
pmid = {819807},
issn = {0341-3098},
mesh = {Adenoma/complications/etiology ; Adult ; Aged ; Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Diuretics ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications/etiology/surgery ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/adverse effects/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/*complications/drug therapy/etiology ; },
abstract = {In the group of 1635 patients with nephorolithiasis the authors found 16% with idiopathic hypercalciuria. They administered thiazide diuretics for 8 days as a test for the detection of masked hyperparathyroidism in idiopathic hypercalciuria. In 6 cases which were diagnosed in this manner, the existence of a parathyroidadenoma could be demonstrated by surgical operation. The hypercalciuria persisted after exstirpation of the tumor, in some cases the nephrolithiasis also remained active. the various pathogenetic mechanisms connected with these common diseases are discussed in relation to these results.},
}
@article {pmid953785,
year = {1976},
author = {Luoma, H and Nuuja, T and Collan, Y and Nummikoski, P},
title = {The effect of magnesium and fluoride on nephrocalcinosis and aortic calcification in rats given high sucrose diets with added phospnates.},
journal = {Calcified tissue research},
volume = {20},
number = {3},
pages = {291-302},
pmid = {953785},
issn = {0008-0594},
mesh = {Animals ; Aorta/drug effects ; Calcinosis/chemically induced/*prevention &amp; control ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Cariostatic Agents/adverse effects ; *Dietary Carbohydrates ; Female ; Fluorides/*pharmacology ; Food Additives ; Magnesium/*pharmacology ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/prevention &amp; control ; Phosphates/*pharmacology ; Potassium/metabolism ; Rats ; *Sucrose ; },
abstract = {The study was conducted to observe in rats the possible modification of ectopic calcification by magnesium-orthophosphate-fluoride combinations, used as additives of diet for reduction of the cariogenicity of the sucrose. In rats, fed low magnesium diets, extra dietary orthophosphate (2%) considerably elevated the calcification of kidneys. Further additions of magnesium and fluoride partially reduced this adverse effect of phosphate. While the calcium content of the aorta in rats, fed low magnesium-high phosphate diet, was considerably elevated, the further addition of magnesium (40 ppm) partially reduced the calcifying effect of phosphate in aorta. Fluoride (15 ppm) together with magnesium (40 ppm) completely reduced it. The appearance of renal calculi caused by a low magnesium diet or by extra phosphate were similar according to light and electron microscopy except for the larger size in the latter case and occasional extratubular calculi found in groups with high phosphate-low magnesium and high phosphate with added magnesium diets.},
}
@article {pmid1272073,
year = {1976},
author = {Pak, CY and Holt, K},
title = {Nucleation and growth of brushite and calcium oxalate in urine of stone-formers.},
journal = {Metabolism: clinical and experimental},
volume = {25},
number = {6},
pages = {665-673},
doi = {10.1016/0026-0495(76)90064-0},
pmid = {1272073},
issn = {0026-0495},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/urine ; Calcium Phosphates/*urine ; Crystallization ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/urine ; Kidney Calculi/*urine ; Male ; Oxalates/*urine ; },
abstract = {The physicochemical factors involved in the formation of calcium-containing renal stones have been elucidated previously and some of the techniques for their quantitation are currently available. Accordingly, urinary activity product ratio (state of saturation), formation product ratio (limit of metastability), and crystal growth of brushite and calcium oxalate in 24-hr urine samples were compared between a control group without stones and stone-forming groups composed of patients with absorptive hypercalciuria, normocalciuric nephrolithiasis, and primary hyperparathyroidism. The activity product ratios of brushite and calcium oxalate were significantly elevated in stone-forming groups, largely because of the high renal excretion of calcium. The formation product ratios were reduced in most stone-forming groups, and the crystal growth was increased in the group with primary hyperparathyroidism. Thus, the physicochemical environment of urine in stone-forming groups was favorable to the nucleation of the nidi of brushite and calcium oxalate; in primary hyperparathyroidism, it may be conducive to the subsequent growth of nidi as well.},
}
@article {pmid778792,
year = {1976},
author = {Berthoux, FC},
title = {[Letter; Treatment of urinary calcic lithiasis with allopurinol].},
journal = {La Nouvelle presse medicale},
volume = {5},
number = {21},
pages = {1363},
pmid = {778792},
issn = {0301-1518},
mesh = {Allopurinol/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Male ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid1274811,
year = {1976},
author = {Bissada, NK and Redman, JF},
title = {Medical management of urolithiasis.},
journal = {American family physician},
volume = {13},
number = {5},
pages = {89-94},
pmid = {1274811},
issn = {0002-838X},
mesh = {Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cystinuria/complications ; Diarrhea/chemically induced ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Intestinal Diseases/complications ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; Male ; Oxalates ; Phosphates/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Proteus Infections/drug therapy ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Knowledge of the crystalline structure of the calculus provides the basis of the therapeutic plan. Laboratory evaluation depends heavily upon routine urinalysis. Assessment of renal function, serum calcium, phosphorus, uric acid and, in some cases electrolytes is usually indicated, as is urography. General principles of management include maintenance of an ample urine volume, eradication of infection and correction of any obstructing lesions or metabolic abnormalities. Specific antistone regimens are indicated for patients with recurrent urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid1264051,
year = {1976},
author = {Van Stone, JC},
title = {Control of phosphorus and calcium in hemodialysis.},
journal = {Missouri medicine},
volume = {73},
number = {4},
pages = {182-186},
pmid = {1264051},
issn = {0026-6620},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; *Renal Dialysis ; },
}
@article {pmid952104,
year = {1976},
author = {Zechner, O},
title = {[Metabolic disorders in patients with urolithiasis].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {69},
number = {4},
pages = {295-299},
pmid = {952104},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cystinuria/etiology ; Humans ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Purines/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/complications/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid821572,
year = {1976},
author = {McCredie, DA and Powell, HR and Rotenberg, E},
title = {Diphosphonate therapy in nephrocalcinosis.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {48},
number = {2},
pages = {93-100},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410x.1976.tb02988.x},
pmid = {821572},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Bartter Syndrome/drug therapy ; Body Height ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Diet ; Drug Evaluation ; Etidronic Acid/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Growth/drug effects ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Organophosphorus Compounds/*therapeutic use ; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {4 patients with nephrocalcinosis were treated with disodium ethane 1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) for a period of 13 months. No clinical side-effects were observed and growth proceeded normally. Radiographic changes of osteitis fibrosa cystica developed in 1 child and bone biopsy in 2 children showed defective osteoid mineralisation. It is suggested that EHDP prevented further crystal deposition in 3 children but did not prevent non-calcium stone formation in the 4th child. In view of this and the development of histological and radiographic evidence of osteomalacia and/or secondary hyperparathyroidism in these patients the value of EHDP remains dubious. On the other hand its use may be justified when rapidly increasing calcification is expected, as for example in hyperoxaluria.},
}
@article {pmid775877,
year = {1976},
author = {Goebell, H},
title = {The role of calcium in pancreatic secretion and disease.},
journal = {Acta hepato-gastroenterologica},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {151-161},
pmid = {775877},
issn = {0300-970X},
mesh = {Acute Disease ; Animals ; Calcinosis/metabolism ; Calcitonin/physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism ; Pancreas/*metabolism ; Pancreatic Juice/metabolism ; Pancreatitis/*metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/physiology ; },
abstract = {Calcium enters the pancreatic juice from two sources, one fraction associated with enzyme protein and another small fraction presumably by diffusion. The calcium concentration in pancreatic juice is lower than in plasma. It decreases with high flow rates and increases asymptotically to plasma concentration with low rates. In chronic pancreatitis calcium concentration is raised in the secretin-stimulated juice. After pancreozymin in moderate chronic pancreatitis it is low but in severe stages of the disease it is high signalling total dissociation from the entrance of enzyme protein, which is very low in these cases. Hypercalcemia stimulates enzyme secretion in the pancreas, hypocalcemia inhibits it. Calcium is essential for intracellular processes associated with secretion, the exact place in the sequence of "stimulus-secretion-coupling" still being unknown. Calcitonin as one of the hormones which regulates calcium homeostasis, inhibits secretion of enzymes but not of fluid and bicarbonate. The action of the parathyroid hormone on the exocrine pancreas is unknown. In primary hyperparathyroidism with chronic hypercalcemia acute and chronic pancreatitis occur 10 to 20 times more frequently than in the general population. In acute pancreatitis of whatever origin hypocalcemia is atypical feature of the disease indicating bad prognosis. The mechanism of its development is still unclear. In chronic pancreatitis the forming of calcified stones in the ducts is typical in cases associated with alcoholism, with protein malnutrition and with primary hyperparathyroidism. But it occurs also in cases with unknown etiology signalling a more general pathophysiological phenomenon. The calcium salts form a precipitate on protein plugs in the juice, which have been observed even in early stages of the disease in the small and larger ducts of the gland.},
}
@article {pmid802907,
year = {1976},
author = {Biggi, E and Rosso, F and Oliveri, M and Luzi, G},
title = {[Echographic and urographic findings in a case of liquid renal calculosis].},
journal = {La Radiologia medica},
volume = {62},
number = {3},
pages = {196-201},
pmid = {802907},
issn = {0033-8362},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/etiology/pathology ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/complications/*diagnosis/diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; *Ultrasonography ; },
}
@article {pmid955945,
year = {1976},
author = {Schwille, PO},
title = {[Urolithiasis and mineral metabolism].},
journal = {Hippokrates},
volume = {47},
number = {1},
pages = {53-65},
pmid = {955945},
issn = {0018-2001},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cystine/*metabolism ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Iatrogenic Disease ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Urea/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid1244554,
year = {1976},
author = {Thier, SO},
title = {Editorial: Why it's hard to treat kidney stones.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {294},
number = {5},
pages = {276-277},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197601292940512},
pmid = {1244554},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Crystallization ; Cystine/metabolism ; Cystinuria ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*therapy/urine ; Oxalates/metabolism/urine ; Uric Acid/metabolism/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid1244550,
year = {1976},
author = {Robertson, WG and Peacock, M and Marshall, RW and Marshall, DH and Nordin, BE},
title = {Saturation-inhibition index as a measure of the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation in the urinary tract.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {294},
number = {5},
pages = {249-252},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197601292940504},
pmid = {1244550},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Oxalates/metabolism/urine ; Recurrence ; Risk ; Urinary Calculi/epidemiology/metabolism/*urine ; },
abstract = {Studies were carried out on multiple urine samples from eight patients with recurrent idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formation and eight normal persons to define an index of the risk of forming calcium oxalate stones. Under the same conditions of dietary and fluid intake the urine samples of the patients with stone formation were more supersaturated with calcium oxalate (P less than 0.001) and had lower concentrations of protective inhibitors of crystallization (P less than 0.001) than those of the controls. However, the best separation between the groups was defined by a discriminant line relating inhibitory activity and urine saturation. A measure of the risk of forming large crystals, the saturation-inhibition index, was defined as the distance of each urine from the discriminant line. The patients with stone formation had a significantly higher mean saturation-inhibition index than the controls (P less than 0.001). Both the percentage of large calcium oxalate crystals excreted (P less than 0.001) and the stone episode rate (P less than 0.005) were significantly correlated with the saturation-inhibition index.},
}
@article {pmid1272989,
year = {1976},
author = {Kwias, Z and Twardosz, W},
title = {[Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium metabolism in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Polski przeglad chirurgiczny},
volume = {48},
number = {5},
pages = {605-610},
pmid = {1272989},
issn = {0032-373X},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Recurrence ; },
}
@article {pmid1245394,
year = {1976},
author = {Lurie, A and Kursh, ED and Rose, D and Persky, L},
title = {Cation exchange resin and calcium excretion. An experimental study.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {307-308},
pmid = {1245394},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Animals ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Cation Exchange Resins/*pharmacology ; Feces/analysis ; Guinea Pigs ; Ion Exchange Resins/*pharmacology ; Phosphorus/urine ; Potassium/urine ; },
abstract = {It has been suggested that cation exchange resins might be helpful in urinary stone prophylaxis. The effect of the cation exchange resin Dowex 50 WX8 upon calcium absorption and urinary excretion in guinea pigs was investigated. The mean fecal calcium concentration was very close in the Dowex-treated and control animals and the urinary calcium concentration was not reduced in the resin-treated animals. These findings suggest that Dowex was ineffective in binding calcium in the gastrointestinal tract.},
}
@article {pmid948725,
year = {1976},
author = {Alhava, EM and Juuti, M and Karjalainen, P},
title = {Bone mineral density in patients with urolithiasis. A preliminary report.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {154-156},
doi = {10.3109/00365597609179678},
pmid = {948725},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone and Bones/analysis/*metabolism ; Calcium/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The bone mineral density (g/cm3) of the distal cancellous radius was determined in a consecutive series of 21 women and 54 men with urolithiasis with the Americium-241 gamma ray attenuation method. Bone mineral density was statistically significantly lower in both sexes compared with coeval healthy subjects. Further study is needed to examine the relationship between the bone mineral density and disturbances in calcium metabolism in patients with renal stone disease.},
}
@article {pmid795028,
year = {1976},
author = {Kistler, H},
title = {[Primary hyperparathyroidism. An analysis of 152 patients with special references to acute life threatening complications (acute hyperparathyroidism)].},
journal = {Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {106 Suppl 3},
number = {},
pages = {1-61},
pmid = {795028},
issn = {0036-7672},
mesh = {Acute Disease ; Adenoma/surgery ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism ; Bone and Bones ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diabetes Complications ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; *Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Hypertension/etiology ; Kidney Diseases/etiology ; Male ; Mediastinal Neoplasms/complications ; Middle Aged ; Pain/etiology ; Pancreatitis/complications ; Parathyroid Glands/pathology ; Phosphates/blood ; Prednisone ; },
abstract = {Tthe findings of 150 patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism are reported. The purpose of the analysis was to find differences between the various clinical manifestations of the disease. Furthermore the occurrence of acute hyperparathyroid crisis in our series as well as in the literature are described. 65.8% of the patients were females, 34.2% were males. The leading symptom in 98 patients (group I) were kidney stones and in 23 patients (group II) cystic bone disease. Both manifestations of the disease occurred in only 7 patients (group III) and no symptoms related to the kidneys or to the bones occurred in 24 patients (group IV). Because of the difference of the clinical manifestations the additional data were analyzed for each group separately and compared with each other. There was no difference in the mean serum calcium levels for all four groups, however, patients of group I were on the average younger, the duration of the disease was longer and the weight of the parathyroid adenoma was lower compared to the other three groups. Data are presented regarding calcium excretion, phosphate clearance and tubular reabsorption of phosphate for each group. At operation single or multiple adenoma formation was present in 133 patients, whereas diffuse hyperplasia was found in 17 and carcinoma in 2 other patients. 46 of the adenomas were found in atypical anatomical localisation. This observation is responsible for the many unsuccessful or second explorations of the neck. The weight of the adenomas varied between 0.1 and 23.5 g. The most difficult diagnosis was that of diffuse hyperplasia. The success of the surgical intervention was usually established in over 80% of the cases within 24 to 48 hours after the operation with a significant fall of serum calcium. There is still no definite explanation for the variability of the clinical manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid hormone determinations on larger numbers of patients are not yet published. The assumption, that different hormones or peptide fragments are responsible for the different action on bone and kidney is discussed. In our series of 152 patients acute hyperparathyroid crisis occurred eight times. Our findings are compared to the other well documented cases in the literature. Main symptoms were nausea, vomiting abdominal pain and different states of cerebral dysfunction. Most of the patients had calcium levels over 16 mg/100 ml. Partial renal insufficiency with elevated blood urea and phosphate retention was found in ov er 50% of the cases. Overall mortality of all cases with acute parathyroid crisis is 52.5%. The pathogenesis of acute hyperparathyroidism and the implications of high calcium levels are discussed. According to our own experience hypercalcemia can be controlled with an intensive therapeutic program and emergency operation for acute parathyroid crisis is no longer necessary.},
}
@article {pmid14432,
year = {1976},
author = {Berg, W and Hesse, A and Schneider, HJ},
title = {A contribution to the formation mechanism of calcium oxalate urinary calculi. III. On the role of magnesium in the formation of oxalate calculi.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {4},
number = {4},
pages = {161-167},
pmid = {14432},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Fractional Precipitation ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium/*pharmacology ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Solubility ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The influence of magnesium in vitro on the precipitation of calcium oxalate was investigated. Even at maximum physiological magnesium concentrations a litholytic effect could not be observed, but the retardation of the calcium oxalate crystallization caused by magnesium might be decisive for a reduction in calculi formation. The enlargement of the calcium oxalate crystals and aggregates caused by the retardation of crystallization, however, should be regarded as a contraindicating factor for Mg therapy in oxalate calculous disease. It is safe to say that high magnesium concentrations prevent the conversion into Whewellite of the calcium oxalate calculi substance primarily formed as Weddellite.},
}
@article {pmid14431,
year = {1976},
author = {Hesse, A and Berg, W and Schneider, HJ and Hienzsch, E},
title = {A contribution to the formation mechanism of calcium oxalate urinary calculi. II. In vitro experiments concerning the theory of the formation of Whewellite and Weddellite urinary calculi.},
journal = {Urological research},
volume = {4},
number = {4},
pages = {157-160},
pmid = {14431},
issn = {0300-5623},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Fractional Precipitation ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Models, Biological ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {In vitro investigations of the formation of Whewellite or Weddellite are described. By means of different precipitation models the influence of cationic minerals on the formation of Weddellite could be observed. The possible conversion of Weddellite into Whewellite in vivo is demonstrated by in vitro experiments. A theory of the formation of Weddellite or Whewellite urinary calculi is developed on the basis of the results obtained.},
}
@article {pmid1224160,
year = {1975},
author = {Deplante, JP and Daumont, A and Bouvier, M and Lejeune, E},
title = {[Primary hyperparathyroidism. 50 personal cases].},
journal = {Revue du rhumatisme et des maladies osteo-articulaires},
volume = {42},
number = {12},
pages = {747-758},
pmid = {1224160},
issn = {0035-2659},
mesh = {Adenoma/surgery ; Adult ; Calcium/blood ; Chondrocalcinosis/etiology ; Elbow/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; Ilium/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/surgery ; Pelvis/diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; Skull/diagnostic imaging ; },
abstract = {On the basis of a study of a series of 50 personal cases, the results of which are reported, and of a series of 2800 cases from the literature, the authors describe certain radiological and clinical aspects of primary hyperparathyroidism and the conditions under which this disease may appear. They emphasize the value of the different laboratory investigations for determining disturbances in phosphorus-calcium metabolism and of the study of bone histology, particularly the quantitative study of iliac bone biopsies. They discuss the various aspects of their methods of surgical treatment (pre-operative location of the tumour, surgical problems, early and later sequelae) and finally describe the indications for surgery.},
}
@article {pmid1105981,
year = {1975},
author = {Deftos, LJ and Roos, BA and Parthemore, JG},
title = {Calcium and skeletal metabolism.},
journal = {The Western journal of medicine},
volume = {123},
number = {6},
pages = {447-458},
pmid = {1105981},
issn = {0093-0415},
mesh = {Adult ; Bone Diseases/physiopathology ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcitonin/metabolism/physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Child ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/metabolism ; Osteitis Deformans/diagnosis ; Osteoporosis/etiology ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism/physiology ; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; Vitamin D/physiology ; },
}
@article {pmid1212143,
year = {1975},
author = {Dowell, RT and Sordahl, LA and Lindsey, JN and Stone, HL and Erickson, HH},
title = {Heart biochemical responses in miniature swine subjected to +Gz acceleration.},
journal = {Aviation, space, and environmental medicine},
volume = {46},
number = {11},
pages = {1378-1382},
pmid = {1212143},
issn = {0095-6562},
mesh = {Acid Phosphatase/metabolism ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell-Free System ; Female ; Glutamate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; *Gravitation ; Lysosomes/enzymology ; Male ; Mitochondria, Muscle/enzymology/metabolism ; Myocardium/*enzymology/ultrastructure ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Stress, Physiological/*enzymology ; Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolism ; Swine ; },
abstract = {Myocardial biochemical systems which are sensitive to hypoxic and ischemic insult were studied to determine the possible etiology of ventricular endocardial hemorrhage in miniature swine following +GZ stress. Unanesthetized animals were subjected to a single, 120-s +9 GZ acceleration. Approximately 1-2 h following +GZ exposure, the animals were anesthetized and the hearts removed for analyses. Acceleration exposure resulted in the loss of acid phosphatase enzyme activity from the membrane-bound lysosomal fraction with concomitant increased activity in the soluble fraction. This suggests that lysosomal membrane integrity had been disrupted. Mitochondrial preparations from +GZ-stressed hearts exhibited marked increases in active respiratory rate and rate of calcium transport while oxidative phosphorylation efficiency was unchanged. The results clearly indicate that +GZ acceleration is capable of altering myocardial biochemical systems. However, the results tend to suggest that these alterations in cellular processes may be mediated by influences other than hypoxia or ischemia.},
}
@article {pmid1205831,
year = {1975},
author = {Eisenkraft, C and Gaist, L and Rubinstein, J and Menache, R},
title = {Proceedings: Acid and alkaline urinary inorganic pyrophosphatase in the formation of calcium-containing urinary calculi.},
journal = {Israel journal of medical sciences},
volume = {11},
number = {11},
pages = {1226-1227},
pmid = {1205831},
issn = {0021-2180},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Pyrophosphatases/*physiology ; Urinary Calculi/*enzymology ; },
}
@article {pmid1219134,
year = {1975},
author = {Bernheim, J and Pozet, N and Zech, P and Archimbaud, JP and Dubernard, JM and Traeger, J and Perrin, J},
title = {[Evaluation of hyperparathyroidism and recurrent renal lithiasis].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie et de nephrologie},
volume = {81},
number = {10-11},
pages = {824-830},
pmid = {1219134},
issn = {0021-8200},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications/diagnosis ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid1231120,
year = {1975},
author = {Shimonko, IT},
title = {[Disorders of electrolyte and acid-base metabolism in children after nephrectomy for nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Urologiia i nefrologiia},
volume = {},
number = {5},
pages = {7-10},
pmid = {1231120},
issn = {0042-1154},
mesh = {Acid-Base Imbalance/*etiology ; Adolescent ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Male ; *Nephrectomy ; Postoperative Complications/*metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sodium/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/surgery ; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid1184333,
year = {1975},
author = {Chow, FC and Dysart, MI and Hamar, DW and Udall, RH},
title = {Control of oxalate urolithiasis by DL-alanine.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {113-116},
pmid = {1184333},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Alanine/administration &amp; dosage/*therapeutic use/urine ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Glycolates ; Kidney/metabolism ; Male ; *Oxalates/urine ; Rats ; Urinary Calculi/chemically induced/drug therapy/*prevention &amp; control ; },
abstract = {Oxalate urolithiasis in male rats was experimentally induced by feeding a basal diet composed of Purina laboratory chow and 3 per cent glycolic acid. When this basal oxalate calculus-producing diet containing 10 per cent alanine was fed to rats, the incidence of oxalate urolithiasis was markedly reduced. Moreover, when Purina laboratory chow containing 10 per cent alanine was fed to rats which had been on the calculi-producing basal diet for 4 weeks, it appeared that most uroliths were dissolved. Excess intake of alanine increased the concentration of alanine in urine and this apparently aided in the prevention and treatment of urolithiasis.},
}
@article {pmid1156124,
year = {1975},
author = {Claus-Walker, J and Spencer, WA and Carter, RE and Halstead, LS and Meier, RH and Campos, RJ},
title = {Bone metabolism in quadriplegia: dissociation between calciuria and hydroxyprolinuria.},
journal = {Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation},
volume = {56},
number = {8},
pages = {327-332},
pmid = {1156124},
issn = {0003-9993},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcium/*urine ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/urine ; Quadriplegia/*metabolism ; Regression Analysis ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Relationships between duration of paralysis, recumbency, muscular activity, and urinary loss of calcium (Cau), phosphorus (Pu), and hydroxyproline (OHPu) were studied daily in 32 traumatic quadriplegic patients during comprehensive rehabilitation and randomly in those readmitted for treatment. Within days after onset, quadriplegic patients had increases in Pu, then OHPu, and finally, Cau. Patients actively engaged in rehabilitation exercises showed a steady fall in OHPu, whereas CAU remained high for up to 18 months. Patients paralyzed for over 18 months (late) had low Cau, Pu and OHPu; but if the patients were kept in bed, OHPu increased rapidly. Patients with early quadriplegia have an increased bone remodeling, suggesting that the excess OHPu and Cau are derived from resorbed bone. Patients with late quadriplegia have little bone remodeling, therefore the excess OHPu occurring during recumbency may be derived from the resorption of new collagen produced during the removal of weight bearing without further change in muscular activity. Resorbed new collagen is excreted in part as large, OHP-containing polypeptides; these were found in the urine of quadriplegic patients, and therefore were present in blood and may play a role in initiating ectopic bone and renal calculi. The presence of OHP in 11 bladder calculi from quadriplegic patients tends to support this hypothesis. These studies indicate that muscular activity and weight bearing influence the bone metabolism of quadriplegic patients and suggest that the presence in body fluids of increased catabolic products from bone may have a role in bone-related complications.},
}
@article {pmid1149406,
year = {1975},
author = {Parfitt, AM},
title = {Effect of cellulose phosphate and dietary calcium restriction in primary hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Clinical science and molecular medicine},
volume = {49},
number = {2},
pages = {91-98},
doi = {10.1042/cs0490091},
pmid = {1149406},
issn = {0301-0538},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; *Calcium, Dietary ; Cellulose/blood/*pharmacology ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Magnesium/blood/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphorus Compounds/*pharmacology ; Phosphates/blood ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {1. The bivalent cation-binding agent, cellulose phosphate, together with a low calcium diet was given for 6 days to nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism subsequently verified at surgery. 2. Urinary calcium fell promptly by 8-4 mmol/24 h, and by 70% and reached amounts below 4-0 mmol/24 h in five of the nine patients. The magnitude of fall may have been related to increased synthesis of vitamin D by the skin in a sub-tropical environment. Plasma magnesium fell steadily and urinary magnesium fell by 80%. 3. The plasma calcium showed two types of response. In five patients there was no significant change because a reduction in calcium load was offset by a further increase in the already high tubular reabsorption of calcium. In the remaining four patients, the tubular reabsorption of calcium was at a higher level initially and failed to increase further on the experimental regime, with a corresponding fall in plasma calcium. 4. The hypercalcaemia of primary hyperparathyroidism can be explained by increased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium; net bone resorption makes only a small contribution but an additional factor dependent on the blood-bone equilibrium is not ruled out. 5. Comparison with other published data suggests that the fall in urinary calcium in response to a calcium-depleting regimen is prevented by concurrent depletion of inorganic phosphate and may be enhanced by concurrent depletion of magnesium. 6. Persistence of hypercalcaemia combined with an increase in tubular reabsorption of calcium in response to cellulose phosphate may be of diagnostic value in suspected primary hyperparathyroidism. 7. Cellulose phosphate may be of value in stone prevention in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who are unsuitable for surgical treatment.},
}
@article {pmid1160860,
year = {1975},
author = {Piazza, G and Macchi, C and Cosciani, S and D'Arcais, R},
title = {[Liquid renal calculosis].},
journal = {Minerva urologica},
volume = {27},
number = {4},
pages = {158-163},
pmid = {1160860},
issn = {0026-4989},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnostic imaging/metabolism/surgery ; Male ; Radiography ; },
}
@article {pmid1154566,
year = {1975},
author = {Bartsch, G and Frick, J and Baumgartner, W},
title = {[Late results from patients with operated primary hyperparathyreoidism (mainly renal manifestation) (author's transl)].},
journal = {Der Urologe. Ausg. A},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {172-177},
pmid = {1154566},
issn = {0340-2592},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/diagnosis ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/diagnosis/*surgery ; Male ; Phosphates/blood/urine ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroidectomy ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*physiopathology ; Urography ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; },
abstract = {By means of folow up of patients with operated primary hyperparathyreoidism (mainly renal manifestation) therefore neck exploration should be done on a broader scale and also the late results are reported. They indicate that a carefully considerated neck exploration is relatively free of risk. Of permanent postoperative complications in 83 operations made upon 76 patients only one case of a permanent unilateral paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was observed. The patients were subjectively free of symptoms; in the successfully operated patients stone recurrence or increase respectively growth of already existing urinary stones did not occur postoperatively. Those patients in whom repeatedly renal stones had been evident at the time of the operation, reported increased colics with partly spontaneous discharge of stones shortly after the operation; the i.v.p. controls showed no recurrent or additional formation of urinary stones in the patients, where we did successful neck exploration. The comparisons of the pre- and postoperative calcium levels indicate that the aim of the operation, normalisation of the calcium metabolism was obtained in almost all cases; only in 3 patients a hypercalcaemia remained. Mediastinotomy was performed only for two times. From these follow up we conclude that neck exploration carries a little risk compared to the high morbidity of primary hyperparathyreoidism (renal manifestation). Therefore neck exploration should be done on a broader scale and also in cases of diagnostic borderline values.},
}
@article {pmid1140917,
year = {1975},
author = {Meyer, JL and Smith, LH},
title = {Growth of calcium oxalate crystals. I. A model for urinary stone growth.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {31-35},
pmid = {1140917},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Calcium/analysis/*metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallization ; Ion Exchange ; Kinetics ; Osmolar Concentration ; Oxalates/analysis/*metabolism ; Solubility ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {The kinetics of the crystal growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate has been studied using the technique of seeded crystal growth from stable supersaturated solution. The rate law takes the form minus dc/dt equals kN-2 in which the rate of loss of lattice ion from solution is proportional to the square of the supersaturation. It is proposed that the incorporation of lattice ions into the crystal is governed by a bimolecular surface-controlled reaction step. The rate is independent of the hydrodynamics of the system but is proportional to the solid to solution ratio in the supersaturated solution. The specific rate constant, k (M-minus-1 min-minus-1 [mg/dl]minus-1), is nearly independent of the solid to solution ratio, however. The rate of crystal growth was found not to vary with the calcium to oxalate molar ratio in the range 1.5 to 0.75, although the rate did increase at both higher and lower ratios. The method was found to be simple, rapid, and reproducible and lends itself to the quantitative study of inhibitors of crystal growth.},
}
@article {pmid239075,
year = {1975},
author = {Wilson, DR and Siddiqui, AA and Ehrig, U},
title = {The effect of thiazide diuretics on carbohydrate-induced calciuria in patients with recurrent renal calculi.},
journal = {The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine},
volume = {86},
number = {1},
pages = {118-125},
pmid = {239075},
issn = {0022-2143},
mesh = {Adult ; Ammonia/urine ; Calcium/*urine ; Creatinine/urine ; Dietary Carbohydrates/*adverse effects ; Diuretics ; Female ; Glucose/metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/therapeutic use ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control ; Magnesium/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/urine ; Potassium/urine ; Recurrence ; Sodium/urine ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Thiazide diuretics could have a beneficial effect in the prevention of recurrent renal calculi by decreasing the exaggerated calciuria which follows carbohydrate ingestionin patients who form calcium oxalate stones. The calciuric response to 100Gm. or oral glucose was studied in 21 patients with recurrent calcium stones before and after 6 months of hydrochlorothiazide therapy...},
}
@article {pmid1161461,
year = {1975},
author = {Cassan, P and Baglin, A},
title = {[A special cause of urinary lithiasis: dysfunction of the terminal ileum].},
journal = {La Nouvelle presse medicale},
volume = {},
number = {23},
pages = {1729-1731},
pmid = {1161461},
issn = {0301-1518},
mesh = {Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crohn Disease/*complications ; Glycine/metabolism ; Glyoxylates/metabolism ; Humans ; Ileum/*physiopathology ; Intestinal Absorption ; Malabsorption Syndromes/*complications ; Oxalates/blood/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*etiology/prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid1132019,
year = {1975},
author = {Hlavácek, V and Ulrichová, D},
title = {[Analysis of the submandibular gland calculi with regard to the presence of side elements by means of an electronic microanalyzer].},
journal = {Ceskoslovenska otolaryngologie},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {176-179},
pmid = {1132019},
issn = {0009-0603},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Electronics, Medical ; Humans ; Micromanipulation ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Salivary Duct Calculi/*metabolism ; Submandibular Gland/*metabolism ; Sulfur/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid1093922,
year = {1975},
author = {Trotman, BW and Petrella, EJ and Soloway, RD and Sanchez, HM and Morris, TA and Miller, WT},
title = {Evaluation of radiographic lucency or opaqueness of gallstones as a means of identifying cholesterol or pigment stones. Correlation of lucency or opaqueness with calcium and mineral.},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {68},
number = {6},
pages = {1563-1566},
pmid = {1093922},
issn = {0016-5085},
mesh = {Bile Pigments/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chenodeoxycholic Acid/therapeutic use ; Cholecystography ; Cholelithiasis/classification/*diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/metabolism ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Minerals/metabolism ; },
abstract = {A major criterion for the selection of patients with gallstones for treatment with chenodeoxycholic acid is the radiographic demonstration of lucent gallstones. In this study, we sought to evaluate the degree of selectivity of that criterion for distinguishing patients with cholesterol stones from those with pigment stones and to define the determinants of stone lucency or opaqueness. Of 92 lucent stones, 14% were pigment stones; and of 18 of opaque stones, 33% were cholesterol. Thus, the criterion of stone lucency allows inclusion of a significant number of subjects (14%) with lucent pigment stones, which may account for about one-half of the reported 33% incidence of treatment failures with chenodeoxycholic acid. Conversely, of patients with opaque stones, the one-third with cholesterol stones would be excluded from chenodeoxycholic acid treatment. Calcium is the major metal of both types of stones. However, opaque stones contain 6 times more calcium than lucent stones, which accounts for the difference in radiographic appearance.},
}
@article {pmid1046254,
year = {1975},
author = {Kolb, FO},
title = {Medical management of the patient with renal stones.},
journal = {Primary care},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {317-341},
pmid = {1046254},
issn = {0095-4543},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/diet therapy/etiology/metabolism/*therapy/urine ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Although the exact cause of renal stones is largely unknown, a greater knowledge of metabolic and other factors contributing to stone formation is the basis of current treatment. A practical program of medical management that is designed to prevent recurrent surgical procedures and the loss of renal function is outlined.},
}
@article {pmid48885,
year = {1975},
author = {Hedstrand, H and Ljunghall, S},
title = {Letter: Glucose tolerance in idiopathic calcium-stone formation.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {1},
number = {7918},
pages = {1251},
doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92251-5},
pmid = {48885},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Body Weight ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; *Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Insulin/blood ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid1094256,
year = {1975},
author = {Hartmann, F and Lehmann, H},
title = {[A case of sarcoidosis with simultaneous primary hyperparathyroidism, coincedence or consequnce?].},
journal = {Medizinische Klinik},
volume = {70},
number = {20},
pages = {904-908},
pmid = {1094256},
issn = {0025-8458},
mesh = {Adenoma/complications/etiology ; Adult ; Bibliographies as Topic ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications/*etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/blood/*complications/etiology ; Hyperplasia/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; Male ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications/etiology ; Sarcoidosis/*complications/diagnosis ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
abstract = {We have reported of a case of generalised sarcoidosis with primary hyperparathyroidism. A pathogenetic relation between sarcoidosis associated with hypercalcemia and the development of parathyroid adenoma will be discussed and a causal connection will be proposed. According to our hypothesis every primary hyperparathyroidism could have developed from regulatory hyperfunction. This is illustrated by sarcoidosis with hypercalcemia and hypercalcuria. In this case a disturbance in vitamin D dependent calcium metabolism induces hyperplasia of the parathyroid which later leads to the development of a parathyroid adenoma. In addition a review of literature describing similar cases is given.},
}
@article {pmid1124510,
year = {1975},
author = {Johansson, H and Thorén, L and Werner, I and Grimelius, L},
title = {Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism, kidney stones, and idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Surgery},
volume = {77},
number = {5},
pages = {691-696},
pmid = {1124510},
issn = {0039-6060},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*blood/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications/pathology/surgery ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/pathology ; Recurrence ; },
abstract = {Eighty-four patients with recurrent kidney stones, serum calcium levels in the upper normal quartile, and most of whom with hypercalciuria had their parathyroids surgically explored. Parathyroid adenomata were found in 19 patients, hyperplasia in 39, and normal parathyroids in 26. Postoperatively there was a significant fall in serum calcium and urinary calcium excretion in all three groups. At clinical follow-up 2 to 5 years postoperatively there was no case of kidney stone recurrence among the adenoma patients. In the hyerplasia group there were recurrences tn 25 percent. The corresponding figure for the patients with normal parathyroids was 48 percent. The concept of normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism and the relationship between this syndrome and idiopathic hypercalciuria are discussed. Some prinicpal therapeutic measures are recommended.},
}
@article {pmid166785,
year = {1975},
author = {Russell, RG and Fleisch, H},
title = {Pyrophosphate and diphosphonates in skeletal metabolism. Physiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects.},
journal = {Clinical orthopaedics and related research},
volume = {},
number = {108},
pages = {241-263},
doi = {10.1097/00003086-197505000-00038},
pmid = {166785},
issn = {0009-921X},
mesh = {Animals ; Bone Resorption/drug effects ; Bone and Bones/drug effects/*metabolism ; Calcification, Physiologic/drug effects ; Calcinosis/prevention &amp; control ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/blood ; Cartilage/drug effects ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Culture Techniques ; Depression, Chemical ; Diphosphates/metabolism/*pharmacology/physiology ; Etidronic Acid/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/prevention &amp; control ; Methylene Chloride/analogs &amp; derivatives/pharmacology ; Organophosphonates/metabolism/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Organophosphorus Compounds/*pharmacology ; Osteoporosis/prevention &amp; control ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/prevention &amp; control ; Vitamin D/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Pyrophosphate and diphosphonates produce striking results on calcium metabolism in experimental animals and man. Compounds containing P-O-P- bonds (e.g. inorganic pyrophosphate [PP-ii1 or P-C-P bonds (diphosponates) inhibit both the formation and dissolution of calcium phosphate crystals in vitro. PP-i may have a physiological function in regulating calcification and bone turnover, and obnormalities in its metabolism may occur in some human diseases notably hypophosphatasia and pseudogout. Diphosphonates inhibit ectopic calcification, and slow down resorption and bone turnover in several experimental systems in vivo. They have helped in studies of various aspects of the regulation of calcium metabolism. The diphosphonate, disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) has been shown in clinical studies to be effective against ectopic calcification particularly in myositis ossificans progressiva and in disorders of increased bone resorption such as Paget's diseases and some types of osteoporosis. -99mTechnetium complexes of EHDP, PP-i and other polyphosphates have also recently been used successfully as bone scanning agents.},
}
@article {pmid166600,
year = {1975},
author = {Schwartz, MK},
title = {Recent advances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism.},
journal = {Annals of clinical and laboratory science},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {176-184},
pmid = {166600},
issn = {0091-7370},
mesh = {Alkaline Phosphatase/physiology ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/physiology ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcitonin/physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism/physiology/urine ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Calculi/physiopathology ; Cholecalciferol/physiology ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/physiopathology ; Hypocalcemia/physiopathology ; Intestine, Small/metabolism ; Mitosis ; Muscles/physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Parathyroid Hormone/physiology ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Prostaglandins/physiology ; Rats ; },
abstract = {This review considers the most recent developments concerning the metabolism and homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus. The kinetics of the distribution of calcium, theories of calculus formation, hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia are discussed, as well as the role of parathyroid hormone, thyrocalcitonin and 1,25 dihydroxy Vitamin D(3) in maintaining calcium levels and skeletal integrity. In addition, the role of calcium in enzyme activation and inhibition, muscle and nerve function, and intracellular metabolism are considered.},
}
@article {pmid1120363,
year = {1975},
author = {Silk, DB and Perrett, D and Clark, ML and Stephens, AD and Scowen, EF},
title = {A study of the renal handling and intestinal absorption of dibasic amino acids in a patient with genotype +/11 heterozygous cystinuria and idiopathic hypercalcuria.},
journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
volume = {59},
number = {2},
pages = {195-201},
doi = {10.1016/0009-8981(75)90029-7},
pmid = {1120363},
issn = {0009-8981},
mesh = {Adult ; Amino Acids, Diamino/*metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Cystinuria/*metabolism ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Ileum/metabolism ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Jejunum/metabolism ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi ; Male ; Metal Metabolism, Inborn Errors/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {A case is reported of a patient with idiopathic hypercalcuria who was referred for investigation of renal calculi. Studies of urinary amino acid excretion in the patient and all living members of his family, as well as studies of endogenous renal clearances of dibasic amino acids and cystine in the patient and his daughter, indicated that the patient had genotype +/11 heterozygous cystinuria. Intestinal perfusion studies showed however that the patient was able to absorb L-lysine, L-arginine normally from the jejunum and ileum. This suggests that a difference exists between renal and intestinal handling of lysine and arginine in cystinuria.},
}
@article {pmid804601,
year = {1975},
author = {Hartung, R},
title = {[The significance of uric acid in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {MMW, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {117},
number = {10},
pages = {387-390},
pmid = {804601},
issn = {0341-3098},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Allopurinol/therapeutic use ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Creatinine/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/etiology/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/blood/urine ; Uric Acid/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Uricosuric Agents/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {The findings of serum diagnosis (urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, calcium, phosphorus) in 247 patients with oxalate stone were divided according to sex, and the excretion of uric acid, calcium and phosphorus was estimated. Compared with the control group, the levels of serum uric acid and serum calcium were statistically significantly raised, the mean level not exceeding the normal range. The serum uric acid level was 25% above the normal range in men and 20% above in women, and in the upper range of normal in one third of each, men and women. The excretion of uric acid in women exceeds the normal level in 32% of cases and in 40% of the men, sometimes considerably. The connection between pathological uric acid levels in the serum and urine and the development of oxalate stone, as well as the therapeutic consequences are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid163961,
year = {1975},
author = {Raisz, LG},
title = {Editorial: Leaving no (renal) stone unturned.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {292},
number = {10},
pages = {528-529},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197503062921010},
pmid = {163961},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*diagnosis ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*diagnosis ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Kidney Diseases/urine ; Kidney Tubules/*physiopathology ; },
}
@article {pmid163960,
year = {1975},
author = {Pak, CY and Kaplan, R and Bone, H and Townsend, J and Waters, O},
title = {A simple test for the diagnosis of absorptive, resorptive and renal hypercalciurias.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {292},
number = {10},
pages = {497-500},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197503062921002},
pmid = {163960},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Bone Resorption ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*diagnosis ; Creatinine/urine ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*diagnosis ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Kidney Diseases/*diagnosis ; Kidney Tubules/*physiopathology ; Methods ; },
abstract = {A test was developed to diagnose various forms of hypercalciuria. A two-hour urine sample after an overnight fast and a four-hour urine sample after 1 g of calcium by mouth were tested for calcium, cyclic AMP and creatinine. The 24 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria had normocalcemia and normal fasting urinary calcium (less than 0.11 mg per milligram of urinary creatnine). Urinary calcium was high (greater than or equal to 0.2 mg per milligram of creatinine) after a calcium load. Of the 28 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (resorptive hypercalciuria), 25 had hypercalcemia and 21 had high fasting urinary calcium. Urinary cyclic AMP, elevated in 30 per cent of fasting patients, was high (greater than 4.60 mu moles per gram of creatinine) in 82 per cent of cases after calcium load. Six patients with renal hypercalciuria had normocalcemia, high fasting urinary calcium, and high (greater than 6.86 mu moles per gram of creatinine) or high-normal fasting urinary cyclic AMP was normal. This simple test should facilitate the differentiation of various causes of hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid1094014,
year = {1975},
author = {Pope, AL},
title = {Mineral interrelationships in ovine nutrition.},
journal = {Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association},
volume = {166},
number = {3},
pages = {264-268},
pmid = {1094014},
issn = {0003-1488},
mesh = {Air Pollution ; *Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Copper/metabolism/toxicity ; Magnesium Deficiency/veterinary ; Minerals/*metabolism/toxicity ; Molybdenum/metabolism/toxicity ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nutritional Requirements ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Selenium/metabolism ; Sheep/*metabolism ; Sheep Diseases/chemically induced ; Soil ; Sulfur/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/veterinary ; Vitamin E/metabolism ; Zinc/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid1096755,
year = {1975},
author = {Prien, EL},
title = {Calcium oxalate renal stones.},
journal = {Annual review of medicine},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {173-179},
doi = {10.1146/annurev.me.26.020175.001133},
pmid = {1096755},
issn = {0066-4219},
mesh = {Allopurinol/therapeutic use ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Calcium, Dietary ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diet therapy/drug therapy/etiology/*metabolism ; Magnesium Oxide/therapeutic use ; Oxalates/*metabolism/urine ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Pyridoxine/therapeutic use ; Recurrence ; Thiazines/therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid1225513,
year = {1975},
author = {Berg, W and Schneider, HJ and Vogel, E},
title = {[The excretion of oxalates in urine following oral administration of oxalic acid and magnesium].},
journal = {Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {241-245},
pmid = {1225513},
issn = {0012-1053},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Calcium/metabolism ; Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Magnesium/*administration &amp; dosage/therapeutic use ; Oxalates/administration &amp; dosage/*urine ; Urinary Calculi/drug therapy ; Vegetables ; },
}
@article {pmid1209181,
year = {1975},
author = {Jorgensen, FS},
title = {The urinary excretion and serum concentration of calcium, magnesium, sodium and phosphate in male patients with recurring renal stone formation.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {243-248},
doi = {10.3109/00365597509134220},
pmid = {1209181},
issn = {0036-5599},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism/urine ; Magnesium/*metabolism/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/*metabolism/urine ; Recurrence ; Sodium/*metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {Only about 20% of renal stone cases have an unquestionable cause such as hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis etc. explaining their stone formation. About 20-40% are believed to result from idiopathic hypercalciuria. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the renal excretion of calcium, magnesium, sodium and phosphate in 47 consecutive men with recurring renal stone formation without a demonstrable underlining metabolic disease and, for comparison, 43 normal men. The results are related to previous hypotheses on renal stone formation. No difference in urinary calcium (either concentration or excretion) per day is found between the two groups. Consequently the concept of idiopathic hypercalciuria is questioned. The Mg/Ca ratio in urine is found lower in the stone patients than in the controls, suggesting that the Mg/Ca ratio might be of importance in stone formation.},
}
@article {pmid1207972,
year = {1975},
author = {Maschio, G and D'Angelo, A and Ossi, E and Lupo, A and Valvo, E and Bonucci, E and Pagano, F and D'Amico, C and Passerini, G and Pegoraro, V},
title = {[Aspects of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in obstructive nephropathy].},
journal = {Minerva nefrologica},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {38-44},
pmid = {1207972},
issn = {0026-4873},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Glomerulonephritis/complications ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/etiology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology ; Osteomalacia/etiology ; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Pyelonephritis/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid1205017,
year = {1975},
author = {Cowie, AG and Sutor, DJ},
title = {Viscosity and osmolality of abnormal biles.},
journal = {Digestion},
volume = {13},
number = {5},
pages = {312-315},
doi = {10.1159/000197724},
pmid = {1205017},
issn = {0012-2823},
mesh = {*Bile ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Humans ; Osmolar Concentration ; Viscosity ; },
abstract = {The mean osmolality of bile from the common bile duct is similar to that of bile obtained from the gallbladder of patients with non-functioning gallbladders, and both means are significantly lower than the mean of bile in functioning gallbladders. The mean viscosity of bile from both functioning and non-functioning gallbladders is on average considerably greater than that from the common bile duct, and the mean viscosity of bile from non-functioning gallbladders is greater than that from functioning ones. The presence of much mucus in gallbladders containing stones is likely to account for these differences in viscosity. The composition of the gallstones does not appear to have any influence on these observations, but the number of patients in each group is too small for the differences to be significant.},
}
@article {pmid1118962,
year = {1975},
author = {Takasaki, E},
title = {An observation on the composition and recurrence of urinary calculi.},
journal = {Urologia internationalis},
volume = {30},
number = {3},
pages = {228-236},
doi = {10.1159/000279983},
pmid = {1118962},
issn = {0042-1138},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infrared Rays ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Recurrence ; Time Factors ; Tokyo ; Urinary Calculi/epidemiology/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {Seven hundred patients with 735 urinary calculi were studied for the compositions of calculi by infrared analysis and for stone recurrence. Of these 700 cases, 422 cases were possible to follow up, and 250 cases have had no further stone; 138 cases experience recurring stones, and 34 cases had multiple stones. The length of follow-up period was 1-19 years averaging 8 years, 8 months. 41.2% of patients with calcium oxalate-calcium phosphate calculi had stones recurrently, and although there was some variation of recurrence rates for patients with various proportions of oxalate to phosphate in the calculi, it was impossible to predict the tendency of recurrence by these proportions. The stone recurrence was noted in 38.6% of patients with magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi, in 38.9% with mixed magnesium ammonium phosphate-calcium oxalate calculi, in 55.6% with uric acid calculi, and in 50% with cystine calculi.},
}
@article {pmid4610395,
year = {1974},
author = {Coe, FL and Kavalach, AG},
title = {Hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria in patients with calcium nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {291},
number = {25},
pages = {1344-1350},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197412192912510},
pmid = {4610395},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Allopurinol/therapeutic use ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy ; Diet ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/epidemiology/etiology/*urine ; Kidney Tubules/physiology ; Male ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphates/blood ; Purines/metabolism ; Radiography ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Trichlormethiazide/therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/blood/metabolism/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid4453380,
year = {1974},
author = {Nardi, GL and D'Amico, DF and Au Wang, C and Favia, G and Biasiato, R},
title = {[Primary hyperparathyroidism. Report on 500 cases].},
journal = {Minerva chirurgica},
volume = {29},
number = {23-24},
pages = {1318-1326},
pmid = {4453380},
issn = {0026-4733},
mesh = {Adenoma/complications ; Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Gastric Juice/metabolism ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Hyperparathyroidism/*diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; Male ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Sex Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid4471624,
year = {1974},
author = {Weinberger, A and Shainkin, R and Oliver, I and Sperling, O and Berlyne, GM and Vries, A},
title = {Parthyriod hormone and calcitonin in idopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Biomedicine / [publiee pour l'A.A.I.C.I.G.]},
volume = {21},
number = {12},
pages = {459-461},
pmid = {4471624},
issn = {0300-0893},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcitonin/blood/*metabolism ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Creatinine/urine ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism/blood/urine ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood ; Phosphates/urine ; Syndrome ; },
}
@article {pmid4428778,
year = {1974},
author = {Zechner, O and Höltl, G and Zekoff, K and Zekert, F},
title = {[The value attached to clinical laboratory findings in urolithiasis (author's transl)].},
journal = {Wiener klinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {86},
number = {21},
pages = {654-657},
pmid = {4428778},
issn = {0043-5325},
mesh = {Calcium/blood/metabolism ; Creatinine/blood/metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium/blood/metabolism ; Male ; Oxalates/blood/metabolism/urine ; Phosphates/blood/metabolism/urine ; Urea/blood/metabolism/urine ; Uric Acid/blood/metabolism/urine ; Urinary Calculi/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Water-Electrolyte Balance ; },
}
@article {pmid4617326,
year = {1974},
author = {Kaplan, RA and Pak, CY},
title = {Diagnosis and management of renal calculi.},
journal = {Texas medicine},
volume = {70},
number = {11},
pages = {88-95},
pmid = {4617326},
issn = {0040-4470},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Cystinuria/complications ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi/diagnosis/therapy ; Male ; Medical History Taking ; Middle Aged ; Physical Examination ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4438085,
year = {1974},
author = {Harmut, M},
title = {Determination of accretion rate in the body by external measurements of 47Ca in the human forearm using the generalized Bauer-Carlsson-Lindquist (BCL) equation.},
journal = {Nuclear-Medizin},
volume = {13},
number = {2},
pages = {186-192},
pmid = {4438085},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism ; *Calcium Radioisotopes ; Female ; Forearm/blood supply ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism ; Hypocalcemia/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica/metabolism ; Osteoporosis/metabolism ; Radiometry ; *Regional Blood Flow ; Time Factors ; Ureteral Calculi/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4416182,
year = {1974},
author = {Blacklock, NJ and Macleod, MA},
title = {The effect of cellulose phosphate on intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of calcium. Some experience in its use in the treatment of calcium stone formation.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {46},
number = {4},
pages = {385-392},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410x.1974.tb10176.x},
pmid = {4416182},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Cellulose/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Phosphates/administration &amp; dosage/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Urography ; },
}
@article {pmid4412281,
year = {1974},
author = {Blacklock, NJ and Macleod, MA},
title = {Calcium-47 absorption in urolithiasis.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {46},
number = {4},
pages = {377-383},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410x.1974.tb10175.x},
pmid = {4412281},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; Blood Proteins/metabolism ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Radioisotopes/administration &amp; dosage ; Diet ; Female ; Half-Life ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Phosphates/blood ; Urinary Calculi/blood/diagnosis/*metabolism/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid4367891,
year = {1974},
author = {Pak, CY and Oata, M and Lawrence, EC and Snyder, W},
title = {The hypercalciurias. Causes, parathyroid functions, and diagnostic criteria.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {54},
number = {2},
pages = {387-400},
pmid = {4367891},
issn = {0021-9738},
mesh = {Adult ; Antigens ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/diagnosis/etiology/physiopathology/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/metabolism ; Cellulose/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/metabolism/physiopathology ; Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis ; Intestinal Absorption ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Kidney Calculi/immunology/metabolism/physiopathology ; Kidney Diseases/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/*physiopathology ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood/*physiology ; Phosphates/pharmacology ; Phosphorus/blood ; },
abstract = {The causes for the hypercalciuria and diagnostic criteria for the various forms of hypercalciuria were sought in 56 patients with hypercalcemia or nephrolithiasis (Ca stones), by a careful assessment of parathyroid function and calcium metabolism. A study protocol for the evaluation of hypercalciuria, based on a constant liquid synthetic diet, was developed. In 26 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, characteristic features were: hypercalcemia, high urinary cyclic AMP (cAMP, 8.58+/-3.63 SD mumol/g creatinine; normal, 4.02+/-0.70 mumol/g creatinine), high immunoreactive serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), hypercalciuria, the urinary Ca exceeding absorbed Ca from intestinal tract (Ca(A)), high fasting urinary Ca (0.2 mg/mg creatinine or greater), and low bone density by (125)I photon absorption. The results suggest that hypercalciuria is partly secondary to an excessive skeletal resorption (resorptive hypercalciuria). The 22 cases with renal stones had normocalcemia, hypercalciuria, intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, normal or low serum PTH and urinary cAMP, normal fasting urinary Ca, and normal bone density. Since their Ca(A) exceeded urinary Ca, the hypercalciuria probably resulted from an intestinal hyperabsorption of Ca (absorptive hypercalciuria). The primacy of intestinal Ca hyperabsorption was confirmed by responses to Ca load and deprivation under a metabolic dietary regimen. During a Ca load of 1,700 mg/day, there was an exaggerated increase in the renal excretion of Ca and a suppression of cAMP excretion. The urinary Ca of 453+/-154 SD mg/day was significantly higher than the control group's 211+/-42 mg/day. The urinary cAMP of 2.26+/-0.56 mumol/g creatinine was significantly lower than in the control group. In contrast, when the intestinal absorption of calcium was limited by cellulose phosphate, the hypercalciuria was corrected and the suppressed renal excretion of cAMP returned towards normal. Two cases with renal stones had normocalcemia, hypercalciuria, and high urinary cAMP or serum PTH. Since Ca(A) was less than urinary Ca, the hypercalciuria may have been secondary to an impaired renal tubular reabsorption of Ca (renal hypercalciuria). Six cases with renal stones had normal values of serum Ca, urinary Ca, urinary cAMP, and serum PTH (normocalciuric nephrolithiasis). Their Ca(A) exceeded urinary Ca, and fasting urinary Ca and bone density were normal. The results support the proposed mechanisms for the hypercalciuria and provide reliable diagnostic criteria for the various forms of hypercalciuria.},
}
@article {pmid4829568,
year = {1974},
author = {Oreopoulos, DG and Silverberg, S},
title = {Letter: Calcium oxalate urinary-tract stones in patient's on maintenance dialysis.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {290},
number = {25},
pages = {1438-1439},
pmid = {4829568},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Glomerulonephritis/complications/therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*complications/metabolism ; Male ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; *Renal Dialysis ; },
}
@article {pmid4846153,
year = {1974},
author = {Rose, GA and Harrison, AR},
title = {The incidence, investigation and treatment of idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {46},
number = {3},
pages = {261-274},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410x.1974.tb03827.x},
pmid = {4846153},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Bendroflumethiazide/therapeutic use ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy/epidemiology/*urine ; Calcium, Dietary ; Cellulose/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; London ; Male ; Medullary Sponge Kidney/complications ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/blood ; Uric Acid/blood ; },
}
@article {pmid4829118,
year = {1974},
author = {Earnest, DL and Johnson, G and Williams, HE and Admirand, WH},
title = {Hyperoxaluria in patients with ileal resection: an abnormality in dietary oxalate absorption.},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {66},
number = {6},
pages = {1114-1122},
pmid = {4829118},
issn = {0016-5085},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Dietary Fats/metabolism ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Humans ; Ileostomy ; Ileum/*surgery ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/metabolism ; Malabsorption Syndromes/complications ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/administration &amp; dosage/metabolism/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid4368992,
year = {1974},
author = {Anderson, CK},
title = {Partial nephrectomy--a pathological evaluation.},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine},
volume = {67},
number = {6 Pt 1},
pages = {459-464},
pmid = {4368992},
issn = {0035-9157},
mesh = {Autopsy ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Congenital Abnormalities/surgery ; Hamartoma/surgery ; Humans ; Hypertension/surgery ; Kidney/abnormalities/anatomy &amp; histology/blood supply/cytology/metabolism/*pathology ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/metabolism/surgery ; Kidney Diseases/pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms/surgery ; *Nephrectomy ; Radiography ; Tuberculosis, Renal/surgery ; Wilms Tumor/surgery ; },
}
@article {pmid4849031,
year = {1974},
author = {Hehrmann, R and Montz, R and Schneider, C},
title = {[Kinetics of radiocalcium in the diagnosis of autonomous hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Der Radiologe},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {195-199},
pmid = {4849031},
issn = {0033-832X},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; *Calcium Radioisotopes ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Kinetics ; Osteoporosis/diagnosis/metabolism ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4830642,
year = {1974},
author = {Mobley, JE and Hardison, W},
title = {Nephrolithiasis following intestinal bypass for obesity.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {3},
number = {5},
pages = {639-641},
doi = {10.1016/s0090-4295(74)80267-0},
pmid = {4830642},
issn = {0090-4295},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cholestyramine Resin/therapeutic use ; Diet Therapy ; Humans ; Ileum/*surgery ; Jejunum/*surgery ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*etiology/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Male ; Obesity/*surgery ; Oxalates/metabolism/urine ; *Postoperative Complications ; Urography ; },
}
@article {pmid4824717,
year = {1974},
author = {Wilson, DM and Smith, LH and Segura, JM and Malek, RS},
title = {Renal lithiasis. An optimistic outlook.},
journal = {Minnesota medicine},
volume = {57},
number = {5},
pages = {368-73 passim},
pmid = {4824717},
issn = {0026-556X},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Cystine/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/classification/etiology/metabolism/*pathology/therapy ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4208846,
year = {1974},
author = {Colomb, E and Estevenon, JP and Figarella, C and Guy, O and Sarles, H},
title = {Characterization of an additional protein in pancreatic juice of men with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. Identification to lactoferrin.},
journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta},
volume = {342},
number = {2},
pages = {306-312},
doi = {10.1016/0005-2795(74)90085-3},
pmid = {4208846},
issn = {0006-3002},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calculi/metabolism ; Chromatography, Gel ; Chronic Disease ; Chymotrypsin/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Immunodiffusion ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Lactoferrin/metabolism ; *Lactoglobulins/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Weight ; Pancreas/*metabolism ; Pancreatitis/*metabolism ; Potentiometry ; Rabbits/immunology ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; },
}
@article {pmid4365704,
year = {1974},
author = {Heidbreder, E and Hennemann, H and Heidland, A},
title = {[Hypercalciuria--nephrocalcinosis-- and calcium calculi of the kidney. Differential diagnosis and clinical aspects of pathological renal calcium transport].},
journal = {Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)},
volume = {99},
number = {12},
pages = {586-590},
doi = {10.1055/s-0028-1107809},
pmid = {4365704},
issn = {0012-0472},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*diagnosis/etiology/immunology ; Cholecalciferol/adverse effects ; Cushing Syndrome/complications ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fanconi Syndrome/complications ; Fractures, Bone/complications ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Hyperthyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnosis/etiology ; Nephrocalcinosis/*diagnosis/etiology ; Osteitis Deformans/complications ; Osteoporosis/complications ; Parathyroid Hormone/analysis ; Sarcoidosis/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid4819174,
year = {1974},
author = {Powis, SJ and Black, J and MacDougall, JA and Clews, JW},
title = {Management of patients with urinary calculi.},
journal = {British medical journal},
volume = {1},
number = {5904},
pages = {355-357},
pmid = {4819174},
issn = {0007-1447},
mesh = {Adult ; Bacteriuria ; Blood Proteins/analysis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Creatinine/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Urea/blood ; Uric Acid/blood ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging/surgery/*therapy ; Urography ; },
abstract = {A retrospective survey was made of 305 patients with proved urinary calculi. When those patients with a solitary stone were compared with those with multiple stones no diagnostically helpful difference was noted in the prevalence of abnormal serum or urine biochemistry, urinary infection, or anatomical abnormality of the urinary tract. The same was true of the stone composition and the need for surgery. It seems that neither routine radiological examination nor regular follow-up is likely to help identify patients whose stones are going to recur.},
}
@article {pmid4816281,
year = {1974},
author = {Morrison, RB},
title = {Proceedings: Metabolic aspects of urinary calculi in Wellington.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
pages = {177-178},
pmid = {4816281},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; New Zealand ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4812071,
year = {1974},
author = {Holzbach, RT and Pak, CY},
title = {Metastable supersaturation. Physicochemical studies provide new insights into formation of renal and biliary tract stones.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {56},
number = {2},
pages = {141-143},
doi = {10.1016/0002-9343(74)90590-7},
pmid = {4812071},
issn = {0002-9343},
mesh = {Bile/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry, Physical ; Cholelithiasis/drug therapy/*etiology ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Humans ; Ions ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/*etiology ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Solubility ; Thiazines/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid4810806,
year = {1974},
author = {Ehrig, U and Harrison, JE and Wilson, DR},
title = {Effect of long-term thiazide therapy on intestinal calcium absorption in patients with recurrent renal calculi.},
journal = {Metabolism: clinical and experimental},
volume = {23},
number = {2},
pages = {139-149},
doi = {10.1016/0026-0495(74)90111-5},
pmid = {4810806},
issn = {0026-0495},
mesh = {*Benzothiadiazines ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Diuretics ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/blood/*drug therapy/metabolism/urine ; Male ; Recurrence ; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors/administration &amp; dosage/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid4593725,
year = {1974},
author = {Coe, FL},
title = {The performance of a computer system for metabolic assessment of patients with nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Computers and biomedical research, an international journal},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {40-55},
doi = {10.1016/0010-4809(74)90041-x},
pmid = {4593725},
issn = {0010-4809},
mesh = {Acidosis/diagnosis ; Adult ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/diagnosis ; Computers ; *Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/diagnosis ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnosis/metabolism/therapy ; Kidney Tubules ; Male ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4410206,
year = {1974},
author = {Marković, V and Macura, D},
title = {[Nephrolithiasis induced by hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo},
volume = {102},
number = {2},
pages = {101-110},
pmid = {4410206},
issn = {0370-8179},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid4208271,
year = {1974},
author = {Lockefeer, JH and Hackeng, WH and Birkenhäger, JC},
title = {Parathyroid hormone secretion in disorders of calcium metabolism studied by means of EDTA.},
journal = {Acta endocrinologica},
volume = {75},
number = {2},
pages = {286-296},
doi = {10.1530/acta.0.0750286},
pmid = {4208271},
issn = {0001-5598},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*blood ; Depression, Chemical ; *Edetic Acid/administration &amp; dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/blood ; Hyperparathyroidism/*blood/surgery ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Kidney Calculi/blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organ Size ; Parathyroid Glands/*drug effects/surgery ; Parathyroid Hormone/*blood ; Radioimmunoassay ; Stimulation, Chemical ; },
}
@article {pmid4808920,
year = {1974},
author = {Williams, HE},
title = {Editorial: Calcium nephrolithiasis and cellulose phosphate.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {290},
number = {4},
pages = {224-225},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197401242900410},
pmid = {4808920},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Cellulose/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/etiology/metabolism/urine ; Organophosphorus Compounds/*therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid4808916,
year = {1974},
author = {Pak, CY and Delea, CS and Bartter, FC},
title = {Successful treatment of recurrent nephrolithiasis (calcium stones) with cellulose phosphate.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {290},
number = {4},
pages = {175-180},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197401242900401},
pmid = {4808916},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Bone and Bones/analysis/anatomy &amp; histology ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium, Dietary ; Cellulose/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Diet Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestinal Absorption ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism/therapy/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphorus Compounds/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Recurrence ; },
}
@article {pmid4839750,
year = {1974},
author = {Odavić, M and Ivković, L and Mićić, R and Antić, M and Savić, B},
title = {Intestinal absorption of 47Ca in patients with calcium renal stones.},
journal = {Acta medica Iugoslavica},
volume = {28},
number = {2},
pages = {123-133},
pmid = {4839750},
issn = {0375-8338},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Female ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid4817089,
year = {1974},
author = {Jorgensen, FS and Transbol, I},
title = {The effect of bendroflumethiazide on the intestinal absorption of calcium in normocalcaemic renal stone formers and in hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Acta medica Scandinavica},
volume = {195},
number = {1-2},
pages = {33-36},
pmid = {4817089},
issn = {0001-6101},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Bendroflumethiazide/*pharmacology ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism ; Calcium Radioisotopes ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*metabolism ; Hypoparathyroidism/metabolism ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Stimulation, Chemical ; },
}
@article {pmid4591379,
year = {1973},
author = {Bastian, HP and Brühl, P},
title = {[Prevention of relapse in urolithiasis (author's transl)].},
journal = {Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (1950)},
volume = {115},
number = {46},
pages = {2079-2083},
pmid = {4591379},
issn = {0027-2973},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Diet Therapy ; Humans ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Recurrence ; Urinary Calculi/classification/metabolism/*prevention &amp; control/therapy ; Urinary Tract Infections/therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid4775215,
year = {1973},
author = {Hioco, D},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria and normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Revue du rhumatisme et des maladies osteo-articulaires},
volume = {40},
number = {11},
pages = {651-657},
pmid = {4775215},
issn = {0035-2659},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/blood/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid4774042,
year = {1973},
author = {Skurk, A and Winnefeld, K and Tiedt, HJ and Schmidt, A and Fendel, K},
title = {[Trace elements in salivary calculi. Estimation of Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and P (author's transl)].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Laryngologie, Rhinologie, Otologie und ihre Grenzgebiete},
volume = {52},
number = {11},
pages = {822-824},
pmid = {4774042},
issn = {0044-3018},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Copper/metabolism ; Humans ; Iron/metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Manganese/metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Salivary Duct Calculi/*metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Trace Elements/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4585276,
year = {1973},
author = {Hagler, L and Herman, RH},
title = {Oxalate metabolism. IV.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {26},
number = {10},
pages = {1073-1079},
doi = {10.1093/ajcn/26.10.1073},
pmid = {4585276},
issn = {0002-9165},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcinosis/complications/etiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Ethylenes/poisoning ; Glycols/metabolism/poisoning ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/complications/etiology ; Kidney Diseases/etiology ; Metabolic Diseases/complications/etiology/genetics ; Methoxyflurane/metabolism/poisoning ; Oxalates/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/complications/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid4793469,
year = {1973},
author = {Chávez de los Rios, JM and Ortíz Feijoo, J and Rodriguez Trujillo, F and Acuña Torres, A and Calero Charles, A and Otero Cagide, F and Rivera Hidalgo, PR},
title = {[Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in recurrent renal lithiasis by means of acute calcium infusion].},
journal = {La Prensa medica mexicana},
volume = {38},
number = {9},
pages = {313-318},
pmid = {4793469},
issn = {0032-7468},
mesh = {Adult ; Body Weight ; *Calcium/administration &amp; dosage/blood/metabolism/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*diagnosis ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Phosphorus/blood/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid4755426,
year = {1973},
author = {Muldowney, FP and Freaney, R and Spillane, EA and O'Donohoe, P},
title = {Ionised calcium levels in "normocalcaemic" hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {Irish journal of medical science},
volume = {142},
number = {5},
pages = {223-229},
pmid = {4755426},
issn = {0021-1265},
mesh = {Adenoma/diagnosis ; Adult ; Calcium/*blood/metabolism/urine ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/diagnosis/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/diagnosis/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Glands/surgery ; Parathyroid Hormone/analysis ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis ; },
}
@article {pmid4281487,
year = {1973},
author = {Chisholm, GD},
title = {Complications of renal transplantation.},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine},
volume = {66},
number = {9},
pages = {914-918},
pmid = {4281487},
issn = {0035-9157},
mesh = {Acne Vulgaris/chemically induced ; Anemia/etiology ; Anuria/etiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology ; Graft Rejection ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Hyperkalemia/etiology ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; *Kidney Transplantation ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Polycythemia/etiology ; *Postoperative Complications ; Sepsis/etiology ; Thrombosis/etiology ; Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects ; Uremia/etiology ; Urinary Fistula/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid4731150,
year = {1973},
author = {Revúsová, V and Gratzlová, J and Valovicová, E and Krídl, J},
title = {[Metabolic findings in patients with urate nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Vnitrni lekarstvi},
volume = {19},
number = {8},
pages = {744-749},
pmid = {4731150},
issn = {0042-773X},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Uric Acid/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4578537,
year = {1973},
author = {Hagler, L and Herman, RH},
title = {Oxalate metabolism. II.},
journal = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
volume = {26},
number = {8},
pages = {882-889},
doi = {10.1093/ajcn/26.8.882},
pmid = {4578537},
issn = {0002-9165},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Diet ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Food Analysis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/physiology ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Oxalates/analysis/blood/*metabolism/toxicity/urine ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Sulfur/metabolism ; Tryptophan/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4720258,
year = {1973},
author = {Lorenz, J and Hryńczuk, B and Janukowicz-Lorenz, H},
title = {[Aborption of 47-Ca from digestive tract in patients with kidney calculi].},
journal = {Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)},
volume = {28},
number = {23},
pages = {863-865},
pmid = {4720258},
issn = {0032-3756},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Isotopes ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid4756582,
year = {1973},
author = {Izashvili, NP and Kasabian, EV},
title = {[Metabolism of vitamin B6, citric and oxalic acids, calcium and magnesium in nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Urologiia i nefrologiia},
volume = {38},
number = {3},
pages = {9-13},
pmid = {4756582},
issn = {0042-1154},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Citrates/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Pyridoxine/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4703026,
year = {1973},
author = {Lund, HT},
title = {Primary hyperparathyroidism in childhood.},
journal = {Acta paediatrica Scandinavica},
volume = {62},
number = {3},
pages = {317-320},
doi = {10.1111/j.1651-2227.1973.tb08111.x},
pmid = {4703026},
issn = {0001-656X},
mesh = {Adenoma/diagnosis ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/diagnosis ; Child ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*diagnosis/surgery ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Phosphates/blood/urine ; Ureteral Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid4121260,
year = {1973},
author = {Gertner, JJ},
title = {Allopurinol in calcium-stone formation.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {1},
number = {7807},
pages = {834},
doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(73)90642-9},
pmid = {4121260},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Allopurinol/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid4716280,
year = {1973},
author = {Thomson, JP},
title = {Parotid duct calculus.},
journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine},
volume = {66},
number = {4},
pages = {352-353},
pmid = {4716280},
issn = {0035-9157},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Gland/*surgery ; Salivary Duct Calculi/*surgery ; Sialography ; },
}
@article {pmid4118468,
year = {1973},
author = {Coe, FL and Raisen, L},
title = {Allopurinol treatment of uric-acid disorders in calcium-stone formers.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {1},
number = {7795},
pages = {129-131},
doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(73)90197-9},
pmid = {4118468},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Adult ; Allopurinol/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/etiology ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases/complications/drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Uric Acid/blood/*metabolism/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid4513504,
year = {1973},
author = {Transbol, I and Frydendal, N},
title = {Endocrine and metabolic aspects of urology. Aetiology of stone formation in 145 renal stone patients.},
journal = {Acta chirurgica Scandinavica. Supplementum},
volume = {433},
number = {},
pages = {137-153},
pmid = {4513504},
issn = {0301-1860},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ammonia/analysis ; Calcium/blood/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Child ; Creatinine/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Medullary Sponge Kidney/complications ; Metabolic Diseases/*complications ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/blood ; Urease ; Ureteral Calculi/etiology ; Uric Acid/blood ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid4509505,
year = {1973},
author = {Eilberg, RG and Judy, K and Iovino, E and Kornfeld, P and Phelan, J and Ellison, R},
title = {Relationship between plaque mineralization in vitro and calculus formation in vivo.},
journal = {Journal of dental research},
volume = {52},
number = {1},
pages = {45-48},
doi = {10.1177/00220345730520013401},
pmid = {4509505},
issn = {0022-0345},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Dental Calculus/*metabolism ; Dental Plaque/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Time Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid4665913,
year = {1972},
author = {Terhorst, B and Lutzeyer, W},
title = {[Possibilities of pharmacological prevention of oxalate calculi].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {65},
number = {11},
pages = {815-825},
pmid = {4665913},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Alginates/therapeutic use ; Allopurinol/therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diet Therapy ; Diuretics/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Ion Exchange Resins/therapeutic use ; Magnesium/therapeutic use ; Male ; Methylene Blue/therapeutic use ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Pyridoxine/therapeutic use ; Sodium/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/*prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid4118312,
year = {1972},
author = {Arnstein, A},
title = {Regional osteoporosis.},
journal = {The Orthopedic clinics of North America},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {585-600},
pmid = {4118312},
issn = {0030-5898},
mesh = {Bone Regeneration ; Bone Resorption ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Kinetics ; *Osteoporosis/complications/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/etiology/metabolism/therapy ; Paralysis/complications ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Poliomyelitis/metabolism ; Radiography ; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy/etiology/therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid4563906,
year = {1972},
author = {Trybulski, T and Syc, S},
title = {[Pathogenesis and prevention of calcium-salt urolithiasis].},
journal = {Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)},
volume = {25},
number = {18},
pages = {1675-1678},
pmid = {4563906},
issn = {0043-5147},
mesh = {Calcitonin/physiology ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Magnesium/urine ; Parathyroid Glands/metabolism ; Salts/metabolism ; Sodium/physiology ; *Urinary Calculi/etiology/metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Urinary Tract/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5077603,
year = {1972},
author = {Takasaki, E},
title = {The magnesium:calcium ratio in the concentrated urines of patients with calcium oxalate calculi.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {147-150},
pmid = {5077603},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Humans ; Kidney Concentrating Ability ; Magnesium/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osmolar Concentration ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5054729,
year = {1972},
author = {Greene, ML and Marcus, R and Aurbach, GD and Kazam, ES and Seegmiller, JE},
title = {Hypouricemia due to isolated renal tubular defect. Dalmatian dog mutation in man.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {53},
number = {3},
pages = {361-367},
doi = {10.1016/0002-9343(72)90181-7},
pmid = {5054729},
issn = {0002-9343},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Isotopes ; Calcium, Dietary/administration &amp; dosage ; Diet Therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules/physiopathology ; Male ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Purines/metabolism ; Pyrazinamide/pharmacology ; Renal Tubular Transport, Inborn Errors/blood/*genetics/physiopathology ; Uric Acid/*blood/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5069838,
year = {1972},
author = {Birkenhäger, JC and Lockefeer, J and Bakker, NJ},
title = {[Diuretic treatment of recurrent nephrolithiasis caused by idiopathic hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
volume = {116},
number = {33},
pages = {1485-1486},
pmid = {5069838},
issn = {0028-2162},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Chlorthalidone/*therapeutic use ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/etiology ; Recurrence ; },
}
@article {pmid5072357,
year = {1972},
author = {Pak, CY and East, DA and Sanzenbacher, LJ and Delea, CS and Bartter, FC},
title = {Gastrointestinal calcium absorption in nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {261-270},
doi = {10.1210/jcem-35-2-261},
pmid = {5072357},
issn = {0021-972X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Isotopes ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/metabolism/urine ; Calcium, Dietary/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism/urine ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid4558213,
year = {1972},
author = {Balcar-Boroń, A},
title = {[Some causes of nephrolithiasis in children].},
journal = {Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)},
volume = {25},
number = {12},
pages = {1063-1068},
pmid = {4558213},
issn = {0043-5147},
mesh = {Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Age Factors ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Cystinuria/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Immobilization ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Oxalates/urine ; Phosphates/urine ; Sex Factors ; Uric Acid/blood ; Vitamin D/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5043786,
year = {1972},
author = {Pak, CY and Ruskin, B and Diller, E},
title = {Enhancement of renal excretion of zinc by hydrochlorothiazide.},
journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
volume = {39},
number = {2},
pages = {511-517},
doi = {10.1016/0009-8981(72)90080-0},
pmid = {5043786},
issn = {0009-8981},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/urine ; Copper/blood ; Female ; Furosemide/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*pharmacology ; Hyperparathyroidism/urine ; Kidney/drug effects ; Kidney Calculi/urine ; Magnesium/urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Natriuresis ; Organomercury Compounds/pharmacology ; Osteoporosis/genetics/urine ; Potassium/urine ; Sodium Chloride ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Triamterene/pharmacology ; Zinc/blood/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5034419,
year = {1972},
author = {Smith, LH},
title = {The diagnosis and treatment of metabolic stone disease.},
journal = {The Medical clinics of North America},
volume = {56},
number = {4},
pages = {977-988},
doi = {10.1016/s0025-7125(16)32363-x},
pmid = {5034419},
issn = {0025-7125},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Age Factors ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cystinuria/complications ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Intestinal Diseases/complications ; *Kidney Calculi/classification/diagnosis/enzymology/etiology/therapy ; Myeloproliferative Disorders/complications ; Parathyroid Glands/surgery ; Uric Acid/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5034374,
year = {1972},
author = {Bunce, GE and Bloomer, JE},
title = {Effect of magnesium deficiency on serum and urinary ions in rats: studies with ion-selective electrodes.},
journal = {The Journal of nutrition},
volume = {102},
number = {7},
pages = {863-872},
doi = {10.1093/jn/102.7.863},
pmid = {5034374},
issn = {0022-3166},
mesh = {Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Calcinosis/etiology ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Chloride/pharmacology ; Calcium Phosphates/urine ; Chemical Precipitation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electrodes ; Feeding Behavior ; Ions ; Kidney/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Magnesium/blood/metabolism/urine ; *Magnesium Deficiency ; Male ; Rats ; Time Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid4338681,
year = {1972},
author = {Knowles, JC and Weavers, B and Cooper, EH},
title = {Accumulation of calcium in the intramitochondrial dense bodies in mice.},
journal = {Experimental cell research},
volume = {73},
number = {1},
pages = {230-233},
doi = {10.1016/0014-4827(72)90124-3},
pmid = {4338681},
issn = {0014-4827},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Carcinogens ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium/drug effects ; Inclusion Bodies/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism ; Naphthalenes ; Sulfonamides ; Sulfones ; Urinary Bladder/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/chemically induced/metabolism/*pathology ; },
}
@article {pmid4338123,
year = {1972},
author = {Parfitt, AM},
title = {The interactions of thiazide diuretics with parathyroid hormone and vitamin D. Studies in patients with hypoparathyroidism.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {51},
number = {7},
pages = {1879-1888},
pmid = {4338123},
issn = {0021-9738},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Bone and Bones/drug effects ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/urine ; Chlorothiazide/*pharmacology ; Cholecalciferol/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Dihydrotachysterol/therapeutic use ; *Drug Interactions ; Ergocalciferols/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism/*drug therapy ; Kidney Tubules/drug effects ; Magnesium/urine ; Male ; Methyclothiazide/*pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Natriuresis ; Parathyroid Hormone/physiology ; Phosphates/blood/urine ; Potassium/urine ; Urinary Calculi/drug therapy ; Vitamin D/*therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {In order to clarify the mechanisms of thiazide diuretic-induced hypocalciuria, the effect of a thiazide was studied for 7 days in seven patients with hypoparathyroidism on Vitamin D and one on calcium infusion, and seven euparathyroid patients with hypercalciuria. In the control group, calcium excretion (mg/24 hr) fell by 44% from 415 to 232 within 4 days and remained at this level. Plasma total calcium corrected for total protein did not change. In the hypoparathyroid group, calcium excretion fell by 11% from 351 to 311 and then returned to the base line level. Plasma total calcium (mg/100 ml) increased from 10.09 to 10.88, 11.29 and 10.77 at the end of the 2nd, 4th, and 7th day of thiazide administration. In the patient having i.v. calcium and no Vitamin D, neither plasma nor urinary calcium changed significantly. In both groups sodium excretion increased on the first 2 days and fell to or below base line level thereafter. Urinary phosphate, magnesium, and potassium increased, plasma phosphate rose, and magnesium and potassium fell. It is concluded that: (a) The hypocalciuric effect of thiazides requires the presence of parathyroid hormone and is not solely a result of sodium depletion. (b) The hypercalcemic effect of thiazides in hypoparathyroidism is due to increased release of calcium from bone and requires the presence of a pharmacologic dose of Vitamin D. (c) Thiazides enhane the action of parathyroid hormone on bone and kidney; Vitamin D can replace parathyroid hormone in this interaction in bone but not in kidney.},
}
@article {pmid5068990,
year = {1972},
author = {Trybulski, T and Syc, S},
title = {[Urinary calcium excretion in patients with calcium-salt urolithiasis].},
journal = {Polski tygodnik lekarski (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)},
volume = {27},
number = {26},
pages = {988-990},
pmid = {5068990},
issn = {0032-3756},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5033974,
year = {1972},
author = {Berg, RA and Chan, YS and Goode, R},
title = {Milk-of-calcium hydronephrosis.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {107},
number = {6},
pages = {905-907},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)61168-6},
pmid = {5033974},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis/diagnostic imaging/*metabolism/pathology ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; },
}
@article {pmid4624516,
year = {1972},
author = {Drach, GW and Boyce, WH},
title = {Nephrocalcinosis as a source for renal stone nuclei. Observations on humans and squirrel monkeys and on hyperparathyroidism in the squirrel monkey.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {107},
number = {6},
pages = {897-904},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)61167-4},
pmid = {4624516},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/chemically induced/*complications/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/pathology ; Kidney Tubules/pathology ; Microscopy, Electron ; Nephrocalcinosis/*complications/pathology ; Parathyroid Hormone ; },
}
@article {pmid4623613,
year = {1972},
author = {Cohn, SH and Cinque, TJ and Dombrowski, CS and Letteri, JM},
title = {Determination of body composition by neutron activation analysis in patient with renal failure.},
journal = {The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine},
volume = {79},
number = {6},
pages = {978-994},
pmid = {4623613},
issn = {0022-2143},
mesh = {*Activation Analysis ; Adult ; Bicarbonates/blood ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; *Body Composition ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism ; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/complications ; Creatinine/blood ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*metabolism ; Magnesium/blood ; Male ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Nephrosclerosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Parathyroid Glands/surgery ; Phosphates/blood ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases ; Potassium/blood ; Pyelonephritis ; Renal Dialysis ; Sodium/blood ; Uremia/metabolism ; Whole-Body Counting ; },
}
@article {pmid4646996,
year = {1972},
author = {Robert, M and Dubois, D and Lemée, F and Fillastre, JP},
title = {[Idiopatic hypercalciuria].},
journal = {La Revue du praticien},
volume = {22},
number = {15},
pages = {2403-2416},
pmid = {4646996},
issn = {0035-2640},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/physiopathology ; Osteomalacia/physiopathology ; },
}
@article {pmid5084581,
year = {1972},
author = {Lebacq, E},
title = {[Renal anatomic and functional anomalies and disorders of calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis].},
journal = {Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis},
volume = {61},
number = {19},
pages = {628-630},
pmid = {5084581},
issn = {1013-2058},
mesh = {Amyloidosis/etiology ; Biopsy ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/*etiology ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Kidney Diseases/*etiology ; Sarcoidosis/*complications/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5054182,
year = {1972},
author = {Kaiser, W and Mampel, E and Fehér, L and Oravec, D},
title = {[Nephrotropic hormone effects].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur die gesamte innere Medizin und ihre Grenzgebiete},
volume = {27},
number = {8},
pages = {348-354},
pmid = {5054182},
issn = {0044-2542},
mesh = {Adenoma/complications ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/physiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Glomerulonephritis/complications ; Growth Hormone/physiology ; Hormones/*physiology ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/complications ; Kidney/*metabolism/physiology/physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/physiopathology ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/physiopathology ; Parathyroid Hormone/physiology ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Thyroid Hormones/physiology ; },
}
@article {pmid4111583,
year = {1972},
author = {},
title = {Calcium in the kidneys.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {1},
number = {7755},
pages = {825-826},
pmid = {4111583},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Autopsy ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney/*metabolism/pathology/physiology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Osmolar Concentration ; Sodium/metabolism/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5072007,
year = {1972},
author = {Fovet-Poingt, O and Toursel, F},
title = {[A case of idiopathic hypercalciuria].},
journal = {Pediatrie},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {295-302},
pmid = {5072007},
issn = {0031-4021},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Isotopes ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; *Kidney Calculi ; Male ; },
}
@article {pmid5014363,
year = {1972},
author = {Gates, O and Chute, RN},
title = {Inherited vesical calculi in mice: a question of radiation-induced mutation.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {107},
number = {4},
pages = {589-594},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-5347(17)61085-1},
pmid = {5014363},
issn = {0022-5347},
mesh = {Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/etiology/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Lactates/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; *Mutation ; Osteosclerosis/etiology/metabolism ; Parathyroid Glands/radiation effects ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; *Radiation Genetics ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/etiology/*genetics/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4559229,
year = {1972},
author = {Wüstenberg, PW},
title = {[Magnesium metabolism from the nephrologic viewpoint (a review)].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {65},
number = {4},
pages = {241-257},
pmid = {4559229},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dogs ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy ; Kidney Diseases/metabolism ; Magnesium/adverse effects/analysis/blood/*metabolism/physiology/poisoning/therapeutic use/urine ; Magnesium Deficiency/diagnosis/metabolism/physiopathology ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Rats ; },
}
@article {pmid4110019,
year = {1972},
author = {Gallagher, JC and Nordin, BE},
title = {Treatment with with oestrogens of primary hyperparathyroidism in post-menopausal women.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {1},
number = {7749},
pages = {503-507},
doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90173-0},
pmid = {4110019},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Bone Resorption ; Calcium/metabolism ; Ethinyl Estradiol/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/metabolism ; Hyperparathyroidism/*drug therapy ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy ; *Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Vaginal Smears ; },
}
@article {pmid5009749,
year = {1972},
author = {Howard, JE},
title = {"Boiler crud" in urinary piper.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {286},
number = {9},
pages = {485-486},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197203022860910},
pmid = {5009749},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Rats ; Solubility ; *Urinary Calculi/etiology/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5016023,
year = {1972},
author = {Chambers, A and Hodgkinson, A and Hornung, G},
title = {Electron probe analysis of small urinary tract calculi.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {376-384},
pmid = {5016023},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Electron Probe Microanalysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; X-Ray Diffraction ; },
}
@article {pmid5016022,
year = {1972},
author = {Wright, RJ and Hodgkinson, A},
title = {Oxalic acid, calcium, and phosphorus in the renal papilla of normal and stone forming rats.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {369-375},
pmid = {5016022},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Animals ; Basement Membrane ; Calcium/*metabolism ; *Diet ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Pyridoxine/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Sodium/metabolism ; Spectrum Analysis ; },
}
@article {pmid5022361,
year = {1972},
author = {Braune, R and Harta, G},
title = {[Development of urolithiasis in paraplegia].},
journal = {Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie},
volume = {97},
number = {8},
pages = {242-250},
pmid = {5022361},
issn = {0044-409X},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Female ; Hematuria/etiology ; Humans ; Kidney/injuries ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nervous System Diseases/complications ; Paraplegia/*complications ; Rest ; Urinary Calculi/complications/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5086650,
year = {1972},
author = {Hauschildt, S and Rudolph, R and Feldheim, W},
title = {[Oxalate metabolism and thiamine-pyridoxine intake of the rat].},
journal = {International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {457-467},
pmid = {5086650},
issn = {0300-9831},
mesh = {Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Food Deprivation ; Glycine/pharmacology ; Glycols/pharmacology ; Glyoxylates/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Kidney/metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Oxalates/*metabolism/urine ; Rats ; Thiamine Deficiency/complications/*metabolism/pathology ; Time Factors ; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency/complications/*metabolism/pathology ; },
}
@article {pmid4680992,
year = {1972},
author = {Schneider, HJ and Albert, L and Hesse, A},
title = {[Effect of suture materials on experimental development of cystoliths].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur experimentelle Chirurgie},
volume = {5},
number = {5},
pages = {356-360},
pmid = {4680992},
issn = {0323-5580},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Nylons/adverse effects ; Polyethylenes/*adverse effects ; *Sutures ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/*chemically induced/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4598505,
year = {1972},
author = {Morgan, DB},
title = {Calcium and phosphate metabolism and the bone.},
journal = {Progress in surgery},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {24-75},
doi = {10.1159/000392835},
pmid = {4598505},
issn = {0079-6824},
mesh = {Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects ; Bone Development ; Bone and Bones/*metabolism ; Calcitonin/physiology ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism ; Diet ; Gastrectomy/adverse effects ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Hyperparathyroidism/etiology ; Hypocalcemia/complications ; Hypoparathyroidism/etiology ; Immobilization ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/complications/etiology ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Neoplasms/complications ; Osteomalacia/complications ; Osteoporosis/complications ; Parathyroid Hormone/physiology ; Phosphates/blood/*metabolism ; Vitamin D/pharmacology ; },
}
@article {pmid5145123,
year = {1971},
author = {Lagrue, G},
title = {[Physiopathology and medical treatment of calcic lithiasis].},
journal = {Les Cahiers de medecine},
volume = {12},
number = {16},
pages = {1383-1389},
pmid = {5145123},
issn = {0010-0978},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Calculi/*physiopathology/therapy ; Diet Therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/physiopathology/therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid5152159,
year = {1971},
author = {Bianchi, F},
title = {[New views on the therapy of urolithiasis].},
journal = {Helvetica chirurgica acta},
volume = {38},
number = {5},
pages = {491-493},
pmid = {5152159},
issn = {0018-0181},
mesh = {Bicarbonates/therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Diuresis ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/drug therapy/*therapy ; Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5151208,
year = {1971},
author = {Cottet, J and Vittu, C and Loeper, J},
title = {[Statistical study of 9 therapeutic methods reducing urinary calcium].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie et de nephrologie},
volume = {77},
number = {12},
pages = {965-967},
pmid = {5151208},
issn = {0021-8200},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Diet Therapy ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Diuretics/*therapeutic use ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Inositol/*therapeutic use ; Kidney Calculi/*therapy ; Polythiazide/*therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid5125407,
year = {1971},
author = {Weinberg, AG and Stone, RT},
title = {Autosomal dominant inheritance in Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy.},
journal = {The Journal of pediatrics},
volume = {79},
number = {6},
pages = {996-999},
doi = {10.1016/s0022-3476(71)80196-8},
pmid = {5125407},
issn = {0022-3476},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chromosomes ; Female ; Genes, Dominant ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pedigree ; Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism/*genetics/metabolism ; Sex Chromosomes ; },
}
@article {pmid4945963,
year = {1971},
author = {Liberman, UA and De Vries, A},
title = {Idiopathic hypercalciuria. A state of compensated hyperparathyroidism?.},
journal = {Revue europeenne d'etudes cliniques et biologiques. European journal of clinical and biological research},
volume = {16},
number = {9},
pages = {860-865},
pmid = {4945963},
issn = {0035-3019},
mesh = {Animals ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcitonin/metabolism/*physiology ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/*urine ; Dogs ; Feedback ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism ; Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi ; Kidney Concentrating Ability ; Kinetics ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism/*physiology ; Phosphorus/analysis ; Rats ; },
}
@article {pmid4106603,
year = {1971},
author = {Dent, CE and Sutor, DJ},
title = {Presence or absence of inhibitor of calcium-oxalate crystal growth in urine of normals and of stoneformers.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {2},
number = {7728},
pages = {775-778},
doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(71)92737-1},
pmid = {4106603},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/complications ; Adult ; Calcium/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/*metabolism/urine ; Cystinuria/complications ; Diphosphates ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Male ; Nephrocalcinosis/complications ; Oxalates/antagonists &amp; inhibitors/*metabolism/urine ; Peptides ; Urinary Bladder Calculi/complications/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5565877,
year = {1971},
author = {Aufderheide, AC},
title = {Renal tubular calcium oxalate crystal deposition. Its possible relation to methoxyflurane anesthesia.},
journal = {Archives of pathology},
volume = {92},
number = {3},
pages = {162-166},
pmid = {5565877},
issn = {0363-0153},
mesh = {Acute Kidney Injury/*chemically induced/pathology ; Aged ; Anuria/complications ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*chemically induced/pathology ; Kidney Tubules/*pathology ; Male ; Methoxyflurane/*adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/*metabolism ; Postoperative Complications ; Uremia/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid5158141,
year = {1971},
author = {Kolpakow, IS},
title = {[Morphology and genesis of the centers in urinary calculi].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {64},
number = {9},
pages = {641-647},
pmid = {5158141},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Microscopy, Polarization ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Pyelonephritis/complications ; *Urinary Calculi/etiology/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4945715,
year = {1971},
author = {Pirlich, W and Schönborn, C},
title = {[Dissolving of urinary calculi].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {64},
number = {9},
pages = {681-694},
pmid = {4945715},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Aspergillus/metabolism ; Biological Products/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/metabolism ; Candida/metabolism ; Candida albicans/metabolism ; Culture Media ; Humans ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Methods ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid5110527,
year = {1971},
author = {Bross, W and Bross, T and Kniowski, T and Krupacz, R},
title = {[Complete healing of Recklinghausen's disease following parathyroid adenomectomy. Late results].},
journal = {Zentralblatt fur Chirurgie},
volume = {96},
number = {34},
pages = {1175-1178},
pmid = {5110527},
issn = {0044-409X},
mesh = {Adenoma/*surgery ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/surgery ; Kidney Calculi/therapy ; Male ; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica/*therapy ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/*surgery ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Time Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid5564019,
year = {1971},
author = {Halm, A},
title = {Calcific and sclerotic landmarks in radiography.},
journal = {Radiography},
volume = {37},
number = {440},
pages = {192-200},
pmid = {5564019},
issn = {0033-8281},
mesh = {Acute Kidney Injury/diagnostic imaging ; Adult ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Calcinosis/*diagnostic imaging ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Cholecystography ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mammography ; Nephrocalcinosis/diagnostic imaging ; Osteopetrosis/diagnostic imaging ; Osteosclerosis/diagnostic imaging ; Rickets/diagnostic imaging ; Sclerosis/*diagnostic imaging ; Tibia/diagnostic imaging ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging ; Vitamin D Deficiency/diagnostic imaging ; },
}
@article {pmid5562816,
year = {1971},
author = {Shieber, W and Birge, SJ and Avioli, LV and Teitelbaum, SL},
title = {Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism with "normal" parathyroid glands.},
journal = {Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)},
volume = {103},
number = {2},
pages = {299-302},
doi = {10.1001/archsurg.1971.01350080215033},
pmid = {5562816},
issn = {0004-0010},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*diagnosis/pathology/physiopathology/surgery ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Middle Aged ; Organoids ; Parathyroid Glands/blood supply/pathology/*physiopathology ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood ; Phosphorus/blood ; },
}
@article {pmid4328262,
year = {1971},
author = {Pak, CY},
title = {Parathyroid hormone and thyrocalcitonin: their mode of action and regulation.},
journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
volume = {179},
number = {},
pages = {450-474},
doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1971.tb46922.x},
pmid = {4328262},
issn = {0077-8923},
mesh = {Adenoma/urine ; Adenylyl Cyclases ; Adult ; Animals ; Biological Transport/drug effects ; Bone Resorption/drug effects ; Bone and Bones/enzymology ; Calcitonin/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/physiopathology ; Cyclic AMP/urine ; Dogs ; Enzyme Activation ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/urine ; Hyperplasia/metabolism ; Hypoparathyroidism/physiopathology/urine ; Hypothyroidism/urine ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Intestinal Absorption/drug effects ; Kidney/enzymology ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteitis Deformans/urine ; Osteoporosis/physiopathology ; Parathyroid Diseases/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism/pharmacology/*physiology ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/urine ; },
}
@article {pmid4255911,
year = {1971},
author = {Nayler, WG and Stone, J and Carson, V and Chipperfield, D},
title = {Effect of ischaemia on cardiac contractility and calcium exchangeability.},
journal = {Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {125-143},
doi = {10.1016/0022-2828(71)90066-6},
pmid = {4255911},
issn = {0022-2828},
mesh = {Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Biological Transport ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Isotopes ; Cell Membrane ; Coronary Vessels ; Dogs ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism ; Heart/physiopathology ; Hypoxia/metabolism/physiopathology ; Ischemia/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Ligation ; Microsomes/enzymology/metabolism ; *Muscle Contraction ; Myocardium/analysis/*metabolism ; Potassium/analysis ; Protein Binding ; Sodium/analysis ; },
}
@article {pmid4102626,
year = {1971},
author = {Dowling, RH and Rose, GA and Sutor, DJ},
title = {Hyperoxaluria and renal calculi in ileal disease.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {1},
number = {7709},
pages = {1103-1106},
doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(71)91840-x},
pmid = {4102626},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Colon/microbiology ; Female ; Glycine/metabolism ; Glyoxylates/metabolism ; Humans ; *Ileum ; Intestinal Diseases/complications/metabolism/urine ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxalates/metabolism/*urine ; Taurine/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid5574414,
year = {1971},
author = {Goebel, KM and Hausmann, L and Kaffarnik, H and Voss, D},
title = {[Diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Medizinische Klinik},
volume = {66},
number = {18},
pages = {672-674},
pmid = {5574414},
issn = {0025-8458},
mesh = {Adenoma/complications ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Contraceptives, Oral/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*diagnosis/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications ; Nephrocalcinosis/etiology ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications ; Protein Binding ; },
}
@article {pmid5574003,
year = {1971},
author = {Bèbe, M and Bienaymé, J and Prawerman, A},
title = {[The calcic bile syndrome. Apropos of a case in a child].},
journal = {Annales de pediatrie},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {321-325},
pmid = {5574003},
issn = {0066-2097},
mesh = {*Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Child ; Cholecystectomy ; Cholelithiasis/*etiology ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Salivary Duct Calculi/*etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5579471,
year = {1971},
author = {Cooke, SA},
title = {An investigation of factors affecting the distribution of calcium in the human kidney.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {43},
number = {2},
pages = {140-148},
pmid = {5579471},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Autopsy ; Biopsy ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/metabolism ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney/*metabolism/physiology ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrocalcinosis/etiology ; Sex Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid5577723,
year = {1971},
author = {Rapado, A and Cifuentes Delatte, L and Hawkins, FG and Traba, ML and Castro Mendoza, HJ},
title = {[Various indices of tubular handling of phosphorous and calcium as an indirect measure of parathyroid activity].},
journal = {Revista clinica espanola},
volume = {120},
number = {4},
pages = {349-354},
pmid = {5577723},
issn = {0014-2565},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/physiopathology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology ; *Kidney Function Tests ; Kidney Tubules/*physiopathology ; Parathyroid Diseases/*physiopathology ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5565832,
year = {1971},
author = {Geubelle, F and Lambrechts, A and Chantraine, JM and Lambrechts, L},
title = {Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: an intestinal (inborn) error?.},
journal = {Acta paediatrica Belgica},
volume = {25},
number = {2},
pages = {69-87},
pmid = {5565832},
issn = {0001-6535},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications/*genetics ; Calculi/*etiology ; Child ; Humans ; Lung Diseases/*etiology ; Malabsorption Syndromes/complications ; Male ; *Pulmonary Alveoli ; Respiratory Function Tests ; },
}
@article {pmid5559283,
year = {1971},
author = {Macleod, MA},
title = {Measurement of oral calcium absorption from the gut by external isotope counting.},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service},
volume = {57},
number = {2},
pages = {88-91},
pmid = {5559283},
issn = {0035-9033},
mesh = {Administration, Oral ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Calcium Isotopes ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/metabolism ; Humans ; Hypoparathyroidism/metabolism ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Radiometry ; Urinary Calculi/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5164306,
year = {1971},
author = {Admirand, WH and Earnest, DL and Williams, HE},
title = {Hyperoxaluria and bowel disease.},
journal = {Transactions of the Association of American Physicians},
volume = {84},
number = {},
pages = {307-312},
pmid = {5164306},
issn = {0066-9458},
mesh = {Calcium Metabolism Disorders/etiology/prevention &amp; control/urine ; Glycolates/urine ; Humans ; Ileum/surgery ; Intestinal Diseases/*complications ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/prevention &amp; control/urine ; Liver/metabolism ; Oxalates/*urine ; Postoperative Complications ; Recurrence ; Taurine/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid5136620,
year = {1971},
author = {Cooke, SA and Rosenzweig, D},
title = {The concentration of calcium in the human renal papilla and the tendency to form calcium-containing renal stones.},
journal = {Nephron},
volume = {8},
number = {6},
pages = {528-539},
doi = {10.1159/000179958},
pmid = {5136620},
issn = {1660-8151},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Autopsy ; Black People ; Calcinosis/etiology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Europe ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Racial Groups ; South Africa ; White People ; },
}
@article {pmid5100414,
year = {1971},
author = {King, LR and Mulvaney, WP and Johnson, JR},
title = {Zinc-calcium interrelationships in recurrent renal stone formation.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {405-411},
pmid = {5100414},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; },
}
@article {pmid4942797,
year = {1971},
author = {Bassermann, FJ},
title = {[Endogenous storage diseases of the lung. Attempt at classification clinical diagnosis and problems].},
journal = {Pneumonologie. Pneumonology},
volume = {145},
number = {},
pages = {265-278},
pmid = {4942797},
issn = {0033-4073},
mesh = {Amyloid/metabolism ; Amyloidosis/diagnosis ; Calcinosis/diagnosis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calculi ; Cholesterol/metabolism ; Cystinosis/diagnosis ; Glycogen/metabolism ; Glycogen Storage Disease/diagnosis ; Hemosiderosis/diagnosis ; Humans ; Hyaline Membrane Disease/diagnosis ; Infant, Newborn ; Iron/metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipomatosis/diagnosis ; Lung/metabolism ; Lung Diseases/*classification/diagnosis ; Metabolic Diseases/*classification/diagnosis ; Proteins/metabolism ; Xanthomatosis/diagnosis ; },
}
@article {pmid4921311,
year = {1970},
author = {Finn, WF and Cerilli, GJ and Ferris, TF},
title = {Transplantation of a kidney from a patient with idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {283},
number = {26},
pages = {1450-1451},
doi = {10.1056/NEJM197012242832608},
pmid = {4921311},
issn = {0028-4793},
mesh = {Calcium/blood/*urine ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders/therapy ; Calcium, Dietary ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; *Kidney Transplantation ; Male ; Nephrectomy ; Phosphates/blood ; *Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Homologous ; },
}
@article {pmid5536816,
year = {1970},
author = {Sommerkamp, H},
title = {[The sulkovitch test in the search for hypercalcaemic patients with urinary calculus].},
journal = {Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (1950)},
volume = {112},
number = {49},
pages = {2241-2243},
pmid = {5536816},
issn = {0027-2973},
mesh = {Calcium/analysis/blood/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications/*diagnosis ; Hypocalcemia/complications/diagnosis ; Kidney Calculi/diagnosis ; Male ; Methods ; Phosphates/blood/urine ; Urinary Calculi/complications/*diagnosis ; Urine/analysis ; },
}
@article {pmid4320412,
year = {1970},
author = {Pak, CY and Ruskin, B},
title = {Calcification of collagen by urine in vitro: dependence on the degree of saturation of urine with respect to brushite.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical investigation},
volume = {49},
number = {12},
pages = {2353-2361},
pmid = {4320412},
issn = {0021-9738},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/metabolism/*urine ; Child ; Collagen/metabolism/pharmacology/*urine ; Diphosphates/pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology/*urine ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minerals ; Phosphates/*urine ; Phosphoric Acids/metabolism/urine ; },
abstract = {A state of supersaturation of urine with respect to brushite is considered to be important in the formation of renal stones composed of calcium phosphate. 56 supersaturated urine specimens and 44 undersaturated specimens were incubated with collagen (Sigma collagen). Most of the supersaturated specimens calcified the collagen, whereas none of the undersaturated ones did so. Among samples which calcified the collagen, whereas none of the undersaturated ones did so. Among samples which calcified the collagen, the activity product of Ca(++) and HPO(4) (=) after incubation with collagen was essentially the same as that after incubation of the same specimen with brushite; it usually differed from that obtained after incubation with octacalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite. The molar calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of the solid phase in collagen was approximately 1. These results suggested that the solid phase formed in collagen is brushite. This conclusion was confirmed by the direct identification of brushite in collagen by X-ray diffraction.},
}
@article {pmid4920223,
year = {1970},
author = {Jennis, F and Lavan, JN and Neale, FC and Posen, S},
title = {Staghorn calculi of the kidney: clinical bacteriological and biochemical features.},
journal = {British journal of urology},
volume = {42},
number = {5},
pages = {511-518},
doi = {10.1111/j.1464-410x.1970.tb04495.x},
pmid = {4920223},
issn = {0007-1331},
mesh = {Analgesics/adverse effects ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Escherichia coli Infections/complications ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Kidney Calculi/chemically induced/classification/*etiology ; Male ; Proteus Infections/complications ; Sex Factors ; Urinary Calculi/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; },
}
@article {pmid5488623,
year = {1970},
author = {Rapado, A and Sánchez Martín, JA and Villarino, JA and Linazasoro, JM},
title = {[Intestinal absorption test using Ca-47 in the diagnosis and treatment of various osteopathies and in urolithiasis].},
journal = {Revista clinica espanola},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {409-418},
pmid = {5488623},
issn = {0014-2565},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Diseases/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; *Calcium Isotopes ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism/diagnosis/metabolism ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Mathematics ; Middle Aged ; },
}
@article {pmid5469617,
year = {1970},
author = {Garcia, DA and Yendt, ER},
title = {The effects of probenecid and thiazides and their combination on the urinary excretion of electrolytes and on acid-base equilibrium.},
journal = {Canadian Medical Association journal},
volume = {103},
number = {5},
pages = {473-483},
pmid = {5469617},
issn = {0008-4409},
mesh = {Acid-Base Equilibrium/*drug effects ; Bicarbonates/urine ; Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy/urine ; Chlorides/urine ; Citrates/*urine ; *Drug Synergism ; Humans ; Hydrochlorothiazide/*antagonists &amp; inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy/urine ; Magnesium/*urine ; Male ; Natriuresis/drug effects ; Phosphorus/urine ; Potassium/urine ; Probenecid/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Uric Acid/urine ; },
abstract = {The effects of commonly used therapeutic doses of hydrochlorothiazide and probenecid, given singly and in combination, on the urinary excretion of monovalent and divalent ions and on acid-base equilibrium were studied in four patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.Probenecid had no effect on the urinary excretion of monovalent ions but resulted in a sustained increase in the urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium and citrate and a temporary increase in the urinary excretion of ammonium, in addition to its well-known effects on uric acid metabolism. A temporary fall in serum phosphorus levels was also observed.Probenecid also modified the response to hydrochlorothiazide in that the urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium and citrate was greater during combined therapy than when hydrochlorothiazide was administered alone. Probenecid prevented or abolished the increase in serum uric acid levels associated with the use of thiazide but did not modify the effects of hydrochlorothiazide on the urinary excretion of sodium, chloride, potassiu, phosphorus, ammonium, titratable acid and bicarbonate.},
}
@article {pmid4938166,
year = {1970},
author = {Starostin, LN},
title = {[The nephropathic form of primary hyperparathyroidism].},
journal = {Problemy endokrinologii},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {121-125},
pmid = {4938166},
issn = {0375-9660},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications/diagnosis/pathology/surgery ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Kidney Tubules/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrocalcinosis/*etiology ; Parathyroid Glands/pathology ; Parathyroid Hormone/pharmacology ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/complications ; Polyuria ; },
}
@article {pmid5481106,
year = {1970},
author = {Lebacq, E and Desmet, V and Verhaegen, H},
title = {Renal involvement in sarcoidosis.},
journal = {Postgraduate medical journal},
volume = {46},
number = {538},
pages = {526-529},
pmid = {5481106},
issn = {0032-5473},
mesh = {Biopsy ; Calcium/urine ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/complications ; Kidney Diseases/*complications ; Pyelonephritis/complications ; Sarcoidosis/*complications/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {Among 152 sarcoidosis patients, 11% had hypercalcaemia, 62% had hypercalciuria and 13·8% had at least one renal stone. Impairment of renal function was mostly conspicuous in patients with hypercalcaemia. Twenty-five successful percutaneous renal biopsies were performed. Epithelioid granulomas were seen in ten cases, with inflammatory reaction more prominent than in other organs involved by sarcoidosis, due to simultaneous pyelonephritis. Thickening and hyalinization of capsular membrane and glomeruli as well as arterial walls were frequently encountered. Amyloid deposits could be seen in one case with chronic lung infection. Histopathological changes specific of sarcoidosis are related to an abnormal amount of serum gammaglobulins and calciuria exceeding 200 mg in 24 hr, which seem to be the best tests of involvement by the disease. Tubular reabsorption of calcium was low in two patients with hypercalciuria, which was corrected after corticosteroid treatment. High intestinal calcium absorption was lowered after hydrochlorothiazide had decreased urine calcium.},
}
@article {pmid4322031,
year = {1970},
author = {Gredzhev, AF and Belovolov, AV and Novichkova, NI and Soroka, VR},
title = {[Structural characteristics and mechanism of formation of biliary calculi].},
journal = {Vestnik khirurgii imeni I. I. Grekova},
volume = {105},
number = {8},
pages = {50-53},
pmid = {4322031},
issn = {0042-4625},
mesh = {Bile Acids and Salts/*analysis ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbonates/metabolism ; Cholelithiasis/*etiology ; Humans ; Silicon Dioxide/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5449786,
year = {1970},
author = {Margolis, A and Planeta-Malecka, I and Konopińska, H and Michalak, A},
title = {[Study of the calcium-phosphorus metabolism in a case of congenital hypothyroidism associated with urolithiasis].},
journal = {Pediatria polska},
volume = {45},
number = {7},
pages = {783-790},
pmid = {5449786},
issn = {0031-3939},
mesh = {Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Child ; *Congenital Hypothyroidism ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism/complications ; Male ; Phosphates/blood/urine ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/*complications ; },
}
@article {pmid5448178,
year = {1970},
author = {Wills, MR and Zisman, E and Wortsman, J and Evens, RG and Pak, CY and Bartter, FC},
title = {The measurement of intestinal calcium absorption by external radioisotope counting: application to study of nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Clinical science},
volume = {39},
number = {1},
pages = {95-106},
doi = {10.1042/cs0390095},
pmid = {5448178},
issn = {0009-9287},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Isotopes ; Female ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Male ; Methods ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/blood ; },
}
@article {pmid5269378,
year = {1970},
author = {Sutfin, LV and Sweeney, EA and Ascoli, W},
title = {Calcifying dental plaque and reduced dental caries in permanent molars of children from two Guatemalan villages.},
journal = {Journal of dental research},
volume = {49},
number = {4},
pages = {772-775},
doi = {10.1177/00220345700490041101},
pmid = {5269378},
issn = {0022-0345},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child ; *Dental Calculus/metabolism ; Dental Caries/*epidemiology/metabolism ; *Dental Plaque/metabolism ; *Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Guatemala ; Humans ; Male ; Molar ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4988375,
year = {1970},
author = {King, JS},
title = {Urinary excretion of radio-labeled oxalate precursors by normal and oxalate stone-forming persons and by a primary hyperoxaluric before and after calcium carbimide therapy.},
journal = {Investigative urology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {1-11},
pmid = {4988375},
issn = {0021-0005},
mesh = {Adult ; Aldehydes/metabolism/urine ; Amino Acids/blood/urine ; Amino Alcohols/urine ; Animals ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/urine ; Carbon Isotopes ; Child ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Female ; Glycolates/metabolism/urine ; Glycols/metabolism/urine ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/metabolism ; Imines/*therapeutic use ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood ; Male ; Methylene Blue ; Oxalates/metabolism/*urine ; Uric Acid/blood/urine ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid4097235,
year = {1970},
author = {Barker, LM and McPhillips, JJ and Lawrence, GD and Doty, SB and Pallante, SL and Bills, CE and Scott, WW and Howard, JE},
title = {Studies on mechanisms of calcification. I. Properties of urinary derivatives which inhibit cartilage calcification. II. Electron microscopic observations of the effect of inhibitors in crystal formation.},
journal = {The Johns Hopkins medical journal},
volume = {127},
number = {1},
pages = {2-22},
pmid = {4097235},
issn = {0021-7263},
mesh = {Calcification, Physiologic/*drug effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calculi/drug therapy/urine ; Cartilage/physiology ; Citrates/pharmacology ; *Crystallization ; Diphosphates/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Rickets/metabolism ; Staining and Labeling ; *Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5523672,
year = {1970},
author = {Rohwedder, HJ and Wagner, T and Goll, U},
title = {[Kidney function studies in children with pyelonephritis].},
journal = {Monatsschrift fur Kinderheilkunde},
volume = {118},
number = {6},
pages = {317-321},
pmid = {5523672},
mesh = {Acidosis, Renal Tubular/etiology ; Calcium/metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder/etiology ; Diabetes Insipidus/complications ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis/complications/physiopathology ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/etiology ; Infant ; Kidney/physiopathology ; Kidney Calculi/physiopathology ; Kidney Concentrating Ability ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology ; *Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Osmolar Concentration ; Osteoporosis/complications/diagnostic imaging ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Pyelonephritis/complications/metabolism/*physiopathology ; Radiography ; Renal Aminoacidurias/complications ; Rickets/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid4316791,
year = {1970},
author = {Hioco, D and Samuel, J},
title = {[The phosphate ion in biology and therapy].},
journal = {La semaine des hopitaux : organe fonde par l'Association d'enseignement medical des hopitaux de Paris},
volume = {46},
number = {22},
pages = {1503-1508},
pmid = {4316791},
mesh = {Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/drug therapy ; Kidney Calculi/drug therapy ; Osteomalacia/drug therapy ; Osteoporosis/drug therapy ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/*administration &amp; dosage/metabolism ; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/*drug therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid5506668,
year = {1970},
author = {Ahuja, MM and Mohanan, P},
title = {Calcium phosphorus and nitrogen balance studies in renal calculus disease.},
journal = {The Indian journal of medical research},
volume = {58},
number = {4},
pages = {444-455},
pmid = {5506668},
issn = {0971-5916},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/epidemiology/etiology/*metabolism ; Kidney Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitrogen/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5463278,
year = {1970},
author = {Hoar, DW and Emerick, RJ and Embry, LB},
title = {Potassium, phosphorus and calcium interrelationships influencing feedlot performance and phosphatic urolithiasis in lambs.},
journal = {Journal of animal science},
volume = {30},
number = {4},
pages = {597-600},
doi = {10.2527/jas1970.304597x},
pmid = {5463278},
issn = {0021-8812},
mesh = {Animal Feed ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/blood/*metabolism ; Potassium/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology/*metabolism ; Urinary Calculi/epidemiology/metabolism/*veterinary ; },
}
@article {pmid5445338,
year = {1970},
author = {Boddy, K and Will, G and Adams, JF and Scott, R and Boyle, I},
title = {Vitamin B12 metabolism and preliminary studies of 65Zn metabolism in prostatic carcinoma and of 47Ca metabolism.},
journal = {The British journal of radiology},
volume = {43},
number = {508},
pages = {285-286},
pmid = {5445338},
issn = {0007-1285},
mesh = {Anemia, Pernicious/metabolism ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Calcium Isotopes ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/metabolism ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Vitamin B 12/*metabolism ; Zinc/*metabolism ; Zinc Isotopes ; },
}
@article {pmid5440227,
year = {1970},
author = {Singleton, JM},
title = {Calcific enterolith obstruction of the intestine.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {57},
number = {3},
pages = {234-236},
doi = {10.1002/bjs.1800570322},
pmid = {5440227},
issn = {0007-1323},
mesh = {Aged ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Calculi/*complications ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction/diagnostic imaging/*etiology/surgery ; Radiography ; },
}
@article {pmid5446246,
year = {1970},
author = {Camus, JP and Joublin, M},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria and its treatment].},
journal = {Therapeutique (La Semaine des hopitaux)},
volume = {46},
number = {2},
pages = {175-176},
pmid = {5446246},
issn = {0040-5922},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders/therapy ; Diuresis ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5412010,
year = {1970},
author = {Rubányi, P and Keltai, P},
title = {[Our experience with hyperparathyroidism with adenomatosis].},
journal = {Minerva medica},
volume = {61},
number = {3},
pages = {82-90},
pmid = {5412010},
issn = {0026-4806},
mesh = {Adenoma/*complications ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*etiology ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis/etiology ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/*complications ; },
}
@article {pmid5444214,
year = {1970},
author = {Taupitz, A},
title = {[Pathogenesis of calcium etabolism disorders in various diseases. I. Sarcoidosis].},
journal = {Die Medizinische Welt},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {134-139},
pmid = {5444214},
issn = {0025-8512},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology ; Metabolic Diseases/*etiology ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoidosis/*complications ; },
}
@article {pmid5523612,
year = {1970},
author = {Sakal, V and Sakalová, A},
title = {[Uremic osteopathy in chronic nephritis].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {63},
number = {1},
pages = {21-25},
pmid = {5523612},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bone Diseases/diagnostic imaging/*etiology ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Femoral Fractures/diagnostic imaging/etiology ; Fractures, Spontaneous/diagnostic imaging/*etiology ; Glomerulonephritis/*complications/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/*complications ; Kidney Calculi/*complications/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Nephrotic Syndrome/*complications/diagnostic imaging ; Osteomalacia/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy/etiology ; Osteoporosis/diagnostic imaging/*etiology ; Pyelonephritis/*complications/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy ; Radiography ; Uremia/diagnostic imaging/etiology ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid5504398,
year = {1970},
author = {Royer, P and Mathieu, H and Balsan, S},
title = {[Nephrocalcinosis and the urolithiasis of thyroid insufficiency].},
journal = {Rein et foie, maladies de la nutrition; actualites},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {187-203},
pmid = {5504398},
issn = {0085-5464},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcitonin/physiology ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Child ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism/*complications/pathology ; Nephrocalcinosis/diagnostic imaging/*etiology/pathology ; Radiography ; Rats ; Thyroxine/physiology ; Urinary Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*etiology ; Vitamin D/physiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5494699,
year = {1970},
author = {Rose, GA},
title = {Clinical aspects of calcium metabolism. Bone diseases.},
journal = {Transactions of the Medical Society of London},
volume = {86},
number = {},
pages = {62-71},
pmid = {5494699},
issn = {0076-6011},
mesh = {Aged ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Celiac Disease/complications ; Fluoridation ; Humans ; *Hyperparathyroidism/classification/diagnosis/diagnostic imaging/drug therapy ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica/etiology ; *Osteomalacia/etiology ; *Osteoporosis/drug therapy/etiology/prevention &amp; control ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Physical Exertion ; Radiography ; Rickets/etiology ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; },
}
@article {pmid5494698,
year = {1970},
author = {Harrison, AR},
title = {Clinical aspects of calcium metabolism.},
journal = {Transactions of the Medical Society of London},
volume = {86},
number = {},
pages = {55-62},
pmid = {5494698},
issn = {0076-6011},
mesh = {Bone Diseases/etiology ; Calcium/urine ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders/drug therapy/urine ; Calcium, Dietary ; Cellulose/therapeutic use ; Diet Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/complications/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Male ; Medullary Sponge Kidney/etiology ; Nephrocalcinosis/etiology ; Phosphates/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid5378421,
year = {1969},
author = {Savel, J and Thomas, J and Sauvel, G and Sarragozi, P and Benassayag, E and Steg, A and Aboulker, P and Monsaingeon, A and Balan, L},
title = {[Urinary elimination of hydroxyproline. Influence of the absorption of aluminium carbonate (1st results)].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie et de nephrologie},
volume = {75},
number = {12},
pages = {971-974},
pmid = {5378421},
issn = {0021-8200},
mesh = {Aluminum/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Antacids/adverse effects ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism/urine ; Carbonates/adverse effects ; Collagen/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxyproline/*urine ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy ; Osteomalacia/chemically induced ; Phosphates/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5378420,
year = {1969},
author = {Thomas, J and Monsaingeon, A and Levillain, P and Balan, L and Thomas, E and Steg, A and Benassayag, E and Aboulker, P},
title = {[Study of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium metabolism in renal lithiasis. Tests with aluminium carbonate and fructose].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie et de nephrologie},
volume = {75},
number = {12},
pages = {963-971},
pmid = {5378420},
issn = {0021-8200},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Factors ; *Aluminum ; Animals ; Antacids ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Carbonates ; Child ; Dogs ; *Fructose ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/complications ; Kidney Calculi/complications/*metabolism ; Kidney Concentrating Ability ; Magnesium/*metabolism ; Methods ; Phosphates/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5363586,
year = {1969},
author = {Wills, MR and Bartter, FC},
title = {The measurement of intestinal calcium absorption by external radioisotope counting in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis.},
journal = {Clinical science},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {875},
pmid = {5363586},
issn = {0009-9287},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Calcium Isotopes ; Forearm ; Humans ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5363146,
year = {1969},
author = {Revúsová, V and Zvara, V},
title = {[Calcium metabolism in calcium urolithiasis].},
journal = {Rozhledy v chirurgii : mesicnik Ceskoslovenske chirurgicke spolecnosti},
volume = {48},
number = {11},
pages = {483-490},
pmid = {5363146},
issn = {0035-9351},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hyperparathyroidism/complications ; Kidney Function Tests ; Nephrocalcinosis ; Phosphates/blood ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5361326,
year = {1969},
author = {Sanidad, P and Miller, HL and Mendelsohn, E},
title = {Milk of calcium renal disease.},
journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde},
volume = {43},
number = {46},
pages = {1401-1402},
pmid = {5361326},
issn = {0256-9574},
mesh = {Aged ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders/diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; *Kidney Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Urography ; },
}
@article {pmid5387206,
year = {1969},
author = {Soto, RJ},
title = {[Renal lithiasis and changes in phosphocalcium metabolism].},
journal = {Revista argentina de urologia y nefrologia},
volume = {38},
number = {10},
pages = {339-343},
pmid = {5387206},
issn = {0048-7627},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4980598,
year = {1969},
author = {Felson, B},
title = {Thoracic calcifications.},
journal = {Diseases of the chest},
volume = {56},
number = {4},
pages = {330-343},
doi = {10.1378/chest.56.4.330},
pmid = {4980598},
issn = {0096-0217},
mesh = {Bronchial Diseases/*diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Calcinosis/*diagnostic imaging/etiology/pathology ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; *Calculi/diagnostic imaging/etiology ; Coccidioidomycosis/complications ; Esophagus/diagnostic imaging ; Granuloma/complications ; Histoplasmosis/complications ; Lung Diseases/*diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Lung Diseases, Parasitic/complications ; Lung Neoplasms/complications ; Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging ; Ossification, Heterotopic/diagnostic imaging ; Pleural Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Pneumonia/complications ; Pulmonary Atelectasis/etiology ; Radiography ; Silicosis/complications ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule/complications ; Thoracic Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Thromboembolism/complications ; Tuberculosis, Miliary/complications ; Vena Cava, Superior/diagnostic imaging ; },
}
@article {pmid5344618,
year = {1969},
author = {Postuma, HS and Stortenbeek, W},
title = {[An unusual case of urolithiasis caused by uric acid calculi].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
volume = {113},
number = {39},
pages = {1673-1681},
pmid = {5344618},
issn = {0028-2162},
mesh = {Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/diagnostic imaging/*etiology ; Male ; Oxalates/metabolism ; *Uric Acid/metabolism ; Urography ; },
}
@article {pmid4900426,
year = {1969},
author = {Frang, D and Berényi, M and Babics, A and Ruszinkó, B and Kottász, S},
title = {[Orthophosphate therapy in the prevention of calcium containing kidney calculi].},
journal = {Orvosi hetilap},
volume = {110},
number = {36},
pages = {2103-2105},
pmid = {4900426},
issn = {0030-6002},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*prevention &amp; control ; Phosphates/*administration &amp; dosage ; },
}
@article {pmid5195944,
year = {1969},
author = {Nakata, S and Takahashi, M},
title = {[Case of milk of calcium renal stone].},
journal = {Rinsho hoshasen. Clinical radiography},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {743-747},
pmid = {5195944},
issn = {0009-9252},
mesh = {Adult ; Angiography ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/*diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Pelvis/diagnostic imaging ; Male ; },
}
@article {pmid5343558,
year = {1969},
author = {Bocian, J and Wochna, Z and Pacholuk, U},
title = {[Pathogenesis and diagnosis of urolithiasis in the light of studies on calcium, magnesium and phosphate metabolism as well as on urine surface tension].},
journal = {Polski przeglad chirurgiczny},
volume = {41},
number = {8},
pages = {Suppl 8a:1103+},
pmid = {5343558},
issn = {0032-373X},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*complications ; Calcium Phosphates/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium/therapeutic use ; Magnesium Deficiency/*complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Surface Tension ; Urinary Calculi/diagnosis/*etiology ; Urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5363677,
year = {1969},
author = {Viville, C and Gillet, M},
title = {[Organ lithiasis and lithiasis of the organism. Apropos of a complex case, associating urinary lithiasis, hydronephrosis caused by pyelo-ureteral junction syndrome, and parathyroid adenoma].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie et de nephrologie},
volume = {75},
number = {7},
pages = {487-496},
pmid = {5363677},
issn = {0021-8200},
mesh = {Adenoma/*complications/surgery ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis/*complications/surgery ; Kidney Calculi/*complications ; Metabolic Diseases/*complications ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/*complications ; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders ; Urinary Calculi/surgery ; },
}
@article {pmid4898103,
year = {1969},
author = {Langer-Gawin, D},
title = {[Hormones regulating the calcium-phosphorus equilibrium: parathormon and thyrocalcitonin].},
journal = {Wiadomosci lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland : 1960)},
volume = {22},
number = {13},
pages = {1201-1205},
pmid = {4898103},
issn = {0043-5147},
mesh = {Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcinosis/etiology ; *Calcitonin ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; *Parathyroid Hormone ; Phosphorus/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5370829,
year = {1969},
author = {Thomas, J and Gaultier, J and Thomas, E and Desgrez, P},
title = {[Influence of sodium-free diet on calciuria in urinary lithiasis].},
journal = {Journal d'urologie et de nephrologie},
volume = {75},
number = {4},
pages = {310-315},
pmid = {5370829},
issn = {0021-8200},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; *Diet, Sodium-Restricted ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Phosphorus/urine ; Potassium/urine ; Sodium/adverse effects/metabolism/urine ; Urea/urine ; Urinary Calculi/*therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid5252500,
year = {1969},
author = {Vipperman, PE and Preston, RL and Kintner, LD and Pfander, WH},
title = {Role of calcium in the nutritional etiology of a metabolic disorder in ruminants fed a high grain ration.},
journal = {The Journal of nutrition},
volume = {97},
number = {4},
pages = {449-462},
doi = {10.1093/jn/97.4.449},
pmid = {5252500},
issn = {0022-3166},
mesh = {*Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Bone Development ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Calcium/blood/metabolism ; *Calcium, Dietary ; Castration ; Deficiency Diseases/metabolism ; Diet ; Emaciation ; Feeding and Eating Disorders/etiology ; Growth ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia/etiology ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases/*etiology ; Muscular Diseases/etiology ; *Phosphorus/blood/metabolism/urine ; *Sheep ; Time Factors ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; *Zea mays ; },
}
@article {pmid5253599,
year = {1969},
author = {Stanton, G},
title = {The relation of diet to salivary calculus formation.},
journal = {Journal of periodontology},
volume = {40},
number = {3},
pages = {167-172},
doi = {10.1902/jop.1969.40.3.167},
pmid = {5253599},
issn = {0022-3492},
mesh = {Ascorbic Acid/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dental Calculus/*metabolism ; *Diet ; Dietary Fats/metabolism ; Dietary Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Iron/metabolism ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Thiamine/metabolism ; Vitamin A/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4886312,
year = {1969},
author = {Shane, SR and Flink, EB and Jones, JE},
title = {Failure of hypertonic sodium choloride infusion as a diagnostic test for hyperparathyroidism.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {29},
number = {3},
pages = {401-404},
doi = {10.1210/jcem-29-3-401},
pmid = {4886312},
issn = {0021-972X},
mesh = {Adult ; Calcium/blood/metabolism/urine ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*diagnosis ; *Hypertonic Solutions ; *Infusions, Parenteral ; Kidney Tubules/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Phosphorus/blood/metabolism ; *Sodium Chloride ; Urinary Calculi/*diagnosis ; },
}
@article {pmid4246780,
year = {1969},
author = {Kalandadze, NI and Papava, NA},
title = {[Results of histochemical study of the kidneys in nephrolithiasis].},
journal = {Urologiia i nefrologiia},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {3-6},
pmid = {4246780},
issn = {0042-1154},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; *Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glycosaminoglycans/metabolism ; Histocytochemistry ; Kidney/pathology ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Proteins/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4236550,
year = {1969},
author = {Nayler, WG and Stone, J and Carson, V and McInnes, I and Mack, V and Lowe, TE},
title = {The effect of beta adrenergic antagonists on cardiac contractions, myofibrillar ATPase activity, high-energy phosphate stores and lipid-facilitated transfort of calciumiones.},
journal = {The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics},
volume = {165},
number = {2},
pages = {225-233},
pmid = {4236550},
issn = {0022-3565},
mesh = {Adenosine Triphosphatases/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/*metabolism ; Anilides/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Biological Transport, Active/drug effects ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chloroform ; Depression, Chemical ; Dogs ; Heart/*drug effects/physiology ; Heart Ventricles ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lipid Metabolism ; Muscle Contraction/*drug effects ; Myofibrils/*enzymology ; Papillary Muscles/physiology ; Phosphocreatine/*metabolism ; Propranolol/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Sympatholytics/*pharmacology ; },
}
@article {pmid4883519,
year = {1969},
author = {Asper, SP},
title = {Evaluation of Dr. John Eager Howard's contributions to medicine.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {207},
number = {4},
pages = {730-735},
pmid = {4883519},
issn = {0098-7484},
mesh = {Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/history ; Adrenal Glands ; Adrenal Medulla ; *Awards and Prizes ; Calcium/metabolism ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Hypertension/history ; Hypertension, Renal/history ; Hyperthyroidism/history ; Maryland ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone/history ; Pheochromocytoma/history ; Teaching ; Urinary Calculi/urine ; Vitamin D/history ; },
}
@article {pmid5405908,
year = {1969},
author = {Aparicio, M and Martin-Dupont, C},
title = {[Data from a study of calcium metabolism in various cases of hyperparathyroidism, lithiasis and nephrocalcinosis].},
journal = {Rein et foie, maladies de la nutrition; actualites},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {17-34},
pmid = {5405908},
issn = {0085-5464},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*etiology ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Nephrocalcinosis/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid5405442,
year = {1969},
author = {Kaiser, W},
title = {[Chronic nephropathy and its retroactive effect on the parathyroid gland function].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {62},
number = {8},
pages = {611-615},
pmid = {5405442},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Adenoma/*complications/diagnosis ; Adult ; Calcium/metabolism ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications/diagnosis/etiology ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Parathyroid Neoplasms/*complications/diagnosis ; },
}
@article {pmid4879832,
year = {1968},
author = {Epstein, FH},
title = {Calcium and the kidney.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {45},
number = {5},
pages = {700-714},
doi = {10.1016/0002-9343(68)90206-4},
pmid = {4879832},
issn = {0002-9343},
mesh = {Acidosis/complications ; Animals ; Body Fluids/metabolism ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism/pharmacology/urine ; Desoxycorticosterone/pharmacology ; Diet ; Growth Hormone/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney/drug effects/*metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/etiology ; Kidney Diseases/urine ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone/physiology ; Phosphates/pharmacology ; Sodium/metabolism ; Thyroid Hormones/physiology ; },
}
@article {pmid4883922,
year = {1968},
author = {Hodgkinson, A and Zarembski, PM},
title = {Oxalic acid metabolism in man: a review.},
journal = {Calcified tissue research},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {115-132},
pmid = {4883922},
issn = {0008-0594},
mesh = {Ascorbic Acid/metabolism ; Bone and Bones/analysis ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Erythrocytes ; Feces/analysis ; Glycine/metabolism ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology ; Kidney/analysis/cytology/metabolism ; Kidney Diseases/metabolism ; Kidney Function Tests ; Liver/analysis ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; Microsomes/metabolism ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Muscles/metabolism ; Oxalates/analysis/biosynthesis/blood/cerebrospinal fluid/*metabolism/poisoning/urine ; Plants, Edible/analysis ; Urinary Calculi/etiology ; },
}
@article {pmid4871492,
year = {1968},
author = {Gaca, A},
title = {[Thyreocalcitonin, calcium metabolism and urolithiasis].},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Urologie und Nephrologie},
volume = {61},
number = {5},
pages = {285-288},
pmid = {4871492},
issn = {0044-3611},
mesh = {Animals ; Calcitonin/*biosynthesis ; Calcium/blood/*metabolism ; Child ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/metabolism ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Urinary Calculi/*metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4170859,
year = {1968},
author = {Pridgen, DB and Resnick, M and Goodman, HO and Boyce, WH},
title = {Inheritance of calcium renal stones.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {1},
number = {7541},
pages = {537-538},
doi = {10.1016/s0140-6736(68)91515-8},
pmid = {4170859},
issn = {0140-6736},
mesh = {Calcium/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*genetics ; Male ; },
}
@article {pmid4871600,
year = {1968},
author = {Kollwitz, AA and Jankowski, M},
title = {[Studies on the restriction of calcium resorption in the intestine by alginic acid. Preliminary report].},
journal = {Der Urologe},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {50-52},
pmid = {4871600},
mesh = {Alginates/*therapeutic use ; Calcium/*metabolism/urine ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Diet Therapy ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption/*drug effects ; Male ; Phosphates/adverse effects ; Time Factors ; Urinary Calculi/*drug therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid4297581,
year = {1968},
author = {Gundlach, G and Hoppe-Seyler, GF and Dörr, H and Bressel, M},
title = {[On the significance of the renal excretion of pyrophosphate].},
journal = {Der Urologe},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {56-61},
pmid = {4297581},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Calcium Phosphates/metabolism ; Diphosphates/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Time Factors ; Urinary Calculi/etiology/urine ; Urine/*analysis ; },
}
@article {pmid4234856,
year = {1968},
author = {Mukherjee, S},
title = {Formation and prevention of supra-gingival calculus.},
journal = {Journal of periodontal research. Supplement},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {1-35},
pmid = {4234856},
issn = {0075-4331},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Dental Calculus/*metabolism/prevention &amp; control ; Dental Plaque/etiology ; Humans ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Saliva/metabolism ; },
}
@article {pmid4861850,
year = {1967},
author = {},
title = {The effect of magnesium and pyridoxine on formation of calcium oxalate sones in man.},
journal = {Nutrition reviews},
volume = {25},
number = {10},
pages = {304-305},
doi = {10.1111/j.1753-4887.1967.tb05536.x},
pmid = {4861850},
issn = {0029-6643},
mesh = {Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology ; Magnesium/*pharmacology ; Oxalates/metabolism ; Pyridoxine/*pharmacology ; },
}
@article {pmid5589320,
year = {1967},
author = {Horn, HD},
title = {[The effect of oral phosphate therapy on the course of urolithiasis in patients with calcium-containing calculi].},
journal = {Der Urologe},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {223-228},
pmid = {5589320},
mesh = {Adenoma/surgery ; Adult ; Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Kidney Calculi/*drug therapy/etiology ; Kidney Function Tests ; Oxalates ; Parathyroid Neoplasms ; Phosphates/adverse effects/blood/*therapeutic use/urine ; Pyelonephritis/etiology ; Time Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid5589319,
year = {1967},
author = {Mayor, G},
title = {[Pathological hypercalciuria caused by primary hyperparathyroidism (diagnosis and indication); course of nephrolithiasis following excision of the parathyroid adenomas].},
journal = {Der Urologe},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {221-223},
pmid = {5589319},
mesh = {Calcium/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/*etiology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia/etiology ; Hyperparathyroidism/*complications/surgery ; Kidney Calculi/*etiology/surgery ; Mediastinum/surgery ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Psychophysiologic Disorders/etiology ; Tetany/etiology ; Thyroid Gland/surgery ; },
}
@article {pmid4872279,
year = {1967},
author = {Burghele, T and Rugendorff, EW and Covaliu, T},
title = {[On the prevention of urinary calculi with ion exchangers].},
journal = {Der Urologe},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {234-238},
pmid = {4872279},
mesh = {Calcium/blood/urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Electrolytes/metabolism ; Humans ; Ion Exchange ; Ion Exchange Resins/administration &amp; dosage/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Magnesium/urine ; Phosphates/urine ; Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders/complications ; Prognosis ; Urinary Calculi/drug therapy/etiology/*prevention &amp; control ; },
}
@article {pmid4298874,
year = {1967},
author = {Sommer-Tsilenis, E and Kallistratos, G and Timmermann, A},
title = {[Pyrophosphate levels of the urine in lithiasis].},
journal = {Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift (1950)},
volume = {109},
number = {6},
pages = {293-295},
pmid = {4298874},
issn = {0027-2973},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Calcium/metabolism ; Citrates/metabolism ; Diet Therapy ; Diphosphates/*urine ; Female ; Humans ; Magnesium/therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphates/*therapeutic use ; Pyruvates/therapeutic use ; Urinary Calculi/drug therapy/prevention &amp; control/*urine ; },
}
@article {pmid5225806,
year = {1967},
author = {Cacioppi, JT and Barboriak, JJ},
title = {Enzyme-induced release of calcium from human dental calculus.},
journal = {Journal of periodontology},
volume = {38},
number = {1},
pages = {18-22},
doi = {10.1902/jop.1967.38.1.18},
pmid = {5225806},
issn = {0022-3492},
mesh = {Bromelains/pharmacology ; Calcium/*metabolism ; Chymotrypsin/pharmacology ; Dental Calculus/*pathology ; Enzymes/*pharmacology ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Muramidase/pharmacology ; Peptide Hydrolases/pharmacology ; Spectrophotometry ; Streptodornase and Streptokinase/pharmacology ; Trypsin/pharmacology ; },
}
@article {pmid5189327,
year = {1967},
author = {Marković, V and Macura, D},
title = {[Idiopathic hypercalciuria and renal lithiasis].},
journal = {Medicinski pregled},
volume = {20},
number = {9},
pages = {387-391},
pmid = {5189327},
issn = {0025-8105},
mesh = {Calcium/*urine ; Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Humans ; *Kidney Calculi ; },
}
@article {pmid4953175,
year = {1965},
author = {Edwards, NA and Hodgkinson, A},
title = {Metabolic studies in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria.},
journal = {Clinical science},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {143-157},
pmid = {4953175},
issn = {0009-9287},
mesh = {Adult ; *Calcium Metabolism Disorders ; Cortisone/pharmacology ; Edetic Acid/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hyperparathyroidism/metabolism ; Kidney Calculi/*metabolism ; Magnesium/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Phosphorus/metabolism ; Sarcoidosis/metabolism ; Urine ; Vitamin D/pharmacology ; },
}